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The original of this book is in
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There are no known copyright restrictions in
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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028882581

HISTORY OF

SANTA CLARA
COUNTY

CALIFORNIA

WITH

Biographical Sketches

OF

The Leading Men and Women of the County Who Have

Been Identified iVith Its Growth and

Development From the Early

Days to the Present

HISTORY BY

EUGENE T. SAWYER

ILLUSTRATED
COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME

HISTORIC RECORD COMPANY

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
1922

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I— PAGE 33
Unrivaled Climate and Situation — Origin of Name — Earl}' Inhabitants — Story of the Early
Da}'s — Founding of the Missions — Father Junipero Serra — Father Pena — Founding of San
Jose — Father iMaguire de Catala Plants Trees on Alameda — Mission of Santa Clara — Secu-
larization of Missions — Life on the Early Ranches — The Rodeo — The Matanza — Early
Go\ernment — Some Grotesque Religious Ceremonies — Bull and Bear Fights — First Ameri-
can Settlers — The Donner Party.

CHAPTER H~PAGE 46
Santa Clara County During the Alexican Rule — The Adventures of Captain Fremont — Don
^lariano Guadalupe Vallejo — Raising the Bear Flag — Proclamation of General Jose Castro.
War with Mexico Declared — Proclamation of Commodore Sloat — Capt. Charles M. Weber.
Juzgado Transformed into Barracks — liattle of Santa Clara — Captain Thomas Fallon
Raises First American Flag — Gold is Discovered — Reminiscences of the Days of '49 — Kill-
ing of Young Pyle — Local Government — Early Merchants and Buildings of San Jose —
Grandma Bascom's Story.

CHAPTER HI— PAGE 61
^Military Rule — Constitutional C(;)nvention — v^an Jose as Capital of the State — First Legisla-
ture Convenes — Removal of Capital — First Jul}- 4th Celeljration — Boundaries of Santa
Clara County — County Government — Court of Sessions — Land Grants and Suertes — San
Jose Land Company — Settlers' Leagues Defend Titles — A Trumped-Up Robbery of Pub-
lic Treasur}' — List ui Spanish and Mexican Land Grants.

CHAPTER IV— PAGE 71

Courts of First Instance — The Early Bar of San Jose — Alcalde Burton's Common Sense — Mule
.Vppears as Witness — District, County and Justice Courts Supjersede Courts of Alcalde and
First Instance — Judge Watson's Informal Handling of Cases — Eccentricities of Judge
Redman — The Lord of Hardscrabble — The First Court Flouse — Judge Almond's Demi-
john— Strange Career of Rufus A. Lock\\'(_iod — Freeman McKinney — The Irrepressible
J. Alexander Yoell — Judge Buckner's (Juaint \A'ays of Dispensing Justice — High Stand-
ing of Judge Hester — A\'. Frank Stewart — Change in Court Sj'stem — Tribute to Judge
Belden.

CHAPTER V— PAGE 85

Topograph)- and Geolog}- — The New Almaden ^Mines — Crime m the Early Days — Outlaws
Terrorize the County — Exciting Career of Francisco Sott) — Augustin C. Hall Mur-
dered— Santiago Berryessa Kills Pedro Aravena — Francisco Berryessa Stabbed — Mur-
der of Joseph Pellegrini — Juan Jose Rodriguez Killed — Mary Hallock Foote's Mining-
Camp Stories — Guadalupe Quicksilver Mine — Enrequita Mine — Mineral Springs of the
County — The (Jil Development.

CHAPTER VI— PAGE 92
Societv Events in the Fifties, Sixties and Seventies — Reminiscences of Pioneer AVomen — Mrs.
Marv A. Carroll's Interesting Record — Mrs. Frances .\. Sunol-Angus Writes of Early

Societ\- Joseph H. Scull Tells of Festi\-ities — Entertaining Account of San Jose Society

by Mrs. S. O. Houghton — Recollections of Dr. Chamldin — Charles G. Ames Bests Judge
William T. AA'allace in Oratorical Combat — Opening of Hotel Vendome — Distinguished

Visitors.

CHAPTER VII— PAGE 101
Passinf^ of Old Landmarks of San Jose— Fair Grounds — Live (Jak Park and Prevost's Gar-
dens Old Court House — Duel Between Thomas Shore and S. J. Crosby — Killing of Jailer

Martin Roohan — John Marr Escapes From Jail After Killing Peter Veuve — Jailer Hen-
dricks Killed When Indians Break Jail — Killing of William Cooper — Harry Lo\-e
i^lgjn Old Residential Landmark.s — Naglee, Hensley and Josiah Belden Homes.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER VIII— PAGE 108
Newspapers in the Early Days — San Jose Weekly Visitor — Daily Mercury — J. J. Owen a
Striking Figure — His Encounter With Montgomery Maze — Charles M. Shortridge — The
Daily Times— The Tribune— The Herald— E. A. and J. O. Hayes— W. Frank Stewart
and the Daily Reporter — Mark Twain — The Courier — W. A. January and the Santa
Clara Argus — Histor}' of Henry C. Hansbrough — Chester H. Hull — Daily Garden City
Times Started by Edwin Markham, S. H. Herring, Ferryman Page and E. T.
Sawyer — A. P. Murgotten and The Pioneer — Daily Morning Times — H. A. De Lacy
Establishes City Item, Now the E\ ening Times — Charles W. Williams — The Santa Clara
\'alle}' Started In' r^Iajor Foote — His Exciting Experience with a Delegation of Cornish-
men — John T. Wallace and E. T. Sawyer Start the Scooper — W. W. Elliott, Editor of the
Santa Clara Index — His Experience as a Court Reporter — Allen P. Kelly, Editor of the
San Jose Herald, Captures Grizzl)- Bear — Other Newspapers.

CHAPTER IX— PAGE 118

Early Days of Drama in San Jose — James Stark Establishes First Theater — Samuel W. Piercy
Makes His First Appearance There — Name Changed to San Jose Theater — Gustav Bro-
haska Converts Armor}^ Hall Into San Jose Opera House — Eleanor Calhoun, Now Princess
Lazarovich, Makes First Appearance on vStage in E. T. Saw3fer's Loyal Hearts with John
T. Malone and H. A. De Lac) — California Theater Had Many Notable Stars — Audito-
rium, Later the Garden Cit)- Theater — Victory Theater — The Hippodrome — T. & D. The-
ater— Lyric Theater — Jose Theater — Liberty Theater — First Amateur Dramatic Com-
pany— John W. Dunne — Frank Bacon — John T. Malone — Charles W. Williams — John T.
Raymond, California's Star Comedian — Some of the Old-Time Minstrels — Charley
Rhoades.

CHAPTER X— PAGE 126

Distinguished Visitors to San Jose and the Santa Clara Valle>'' — Political Orators — George
Francis Train — Henry George Unmasks a M3'Sterious Spook — Bret Hart — Mark Twain —
President Harrison's Visit — General Grant Receives Ovation — Lecturers from the East
and from Over the Sea — General Fremont Is Guest of Santa Clara County Pioneers — Ned
Buntline's Adventurous Career.

CHAPTER XI— PAGE 132
Santa Clara Count_y During the Civil War — San Jose Volunteers — Many Companies
Formed — Band of Confederate Sympathizers Rob Stages to Obtain Money for
Cause — Ingraham Gang — Methodist Church Burned — Dick Baker Gang — Excitement
Over Death of Lincoln.

CHAPTER XII— PAGE 135
The Fruit Industry of County — Largest Prune Producing Section in State — History of the
Development — Introduction of French Prune — Early Orchardists — The First Can-
nery— Lyman Burrell Has First Mountain Orchard — Dr. J. M. Dawson Pioneer Fruit
Canner and Packer — Other Packing Companies — Strawberry Section — Annual Orchard
Production — Vineyards and Olive Orchards — Seed Growing Carried on Extensively —
Citrus Fruits — Farm Loan Association — Vegetable, Poultry Raising and Dairying, Impor-
tant Industries — Artesian Wells vSupply Water for Irrigation — Growers' Organiza-
tions— Santa Clara County Statistics.

CHAPTER XIII— PAGE 145
County Government and Good Roads — Transportation of Passengers in Early Days — Water
Transportation — History of Various Important Road and Railway Enterprises — First
Railroad Completed — Western Pacific — Narrow Gauge Railroad.

CHAPTER XIV— PAGE 152
Public Buildings of the County — Man)' Locations of the County Court House — Changes Made
by the Legislature — Present Court House a Splendid Building — Futile Attempt to Regain
•State Capital — New County Jail — Hall of Records — Hall of Justice — County Hos-
pital— County Poor Farm.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER XV— PAGE 156
The Resources and Attractions of San Jose, the Garden City of California— Soil. Climate,
Production and ( )]iportunity— What a Man from the luast Learned fr.nn an Old ]<esident.

CHAPTER XVf— PAGE 162
Sati Jose Incorporated as City— ( )r,L;-anizati..n of Political Parties— Eirst Gas Li,t,dits— Water
Pipes Eaid — Tlnrse Railway on Alameda — Se\ere l{arth(|nake in 1868 ^ Disastrous
Moods — Story of Tihurcio \'asquez. Noted I'.andit — Street I'iailroad— John C. Arnold
Figures in Remarkable Case of Mistaken ] dentity— Dick Fellows, Lone Plighwayman,
Escapes from Constable- Brutal Murder at f.os Gatos— W^ P. Renowden Tortured and
Killed— Lloyd L. Majors Huno- for Ilis Murder— Bond Issue of 1886— New City Charter
Defeated— The Dixon-Allen Trial— Electric Tower ICrectefl- Chinatown Destroyed by
Fire — Mexican Hanged by Mob — Charles Goslaw Meets Death on Scaffold — Disastrous
Fire of 1892— Henry Planz Murdered— Sextujde Murder- New Charter Adopted— Earth-
quake of 1S^06 — Commission Form of Government Adopted — Ma}-i"irs of San Jose.

CHAPTER XVH— PAGE 175

San Jose and Santa Clara Activities During the AVorl'd War— Lilicrty Loan, Red Cross, Y. M.

C. A., Belgian Relief and Other Drives — The Men and Women Who Did the Work.

CHAPTER XVIII— PAGE 194
History of the Lick (Jbservator}- on the Summit of Alount Hamilton — The Eccentricities of
James Lick, the Philanthropist — Erection of the Lick Mill — The Liek Hotel at San Fran-
cisco— What He Did for San Jose.

CPIAPTER XIX— PAGE 202
The Story of Alum Rock Park. San Jose's Beautiful Reservation of One Thciusand
Acres — Judge Richards' Description of Its Iicauties and Attractions — The Claim of J. O.
Stratton.

CHAPTER XX— PAGE 206
The -Attractions of the Big Basin, or California Redwood Park — How It Was Preser\'ed by
the Efforts of a San Josean — The Sem])ervirens Clul) — The Annual Forest Play in a
Natural Setting.

CHAPTER XXI— PAGE 210

The Public and Pri^•ate Schools of San Jose — The Growth of the High School Constructed

on LTniversity Plan — The State Teachers' Ctdlege — College of Notre Dame — College of
the Pacific — Other Institutions.

CHAPTER XXII— PAGE 221
The Public LTilities of San Jose — The Early Ser\'ice of the Gas and Electric Companies — The
San Jose Waaler Company and Its Sure and Stead)-- Pro.gress — The Street Railways in and
out of the City — The Post Office and Postmasters.

CHAPTER XXIII— PAGE 227
San Jose Woman's Club — Count}- Alliance — New-man Llall and Club — Sainte Claire Club —
Columbia Circle, C. L. S. C. — Lecticonian Society — The Countr}- Club — The Pioneers'
Society — American Legion — Law Library and Bar Association — Housewives' League —
Daughters of the American Re\-olution — Musical Clubs and Record — Y. W. C. -\. — Club
La France — Boy Scouts — Loyal Italo-American Club.

CHAPTER XXIV— PAGE 239
San Jose Board of Trade — San Jose Chamber of Commerce — Merchants Association — Rotar}-
and Lions Clubs — Civic W'elfare Club — The 100 Per Cent Chili — Labor Organiza-
tions— Commercial Club — Pen Women Branch — The Plot^vrights — The W^estern Aero
Club.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER XXV— PAGE 245
Associated Chanties — Good Clieer Club — Home of Benevolence — The Odd Fellows Home —
The Pratt Home — Notre Dame Institiite — The Salvation Army and Volunteers of Amer-
ica— The Story of Old Bob Bennett — Juvenile Court and Probation Office — The CoiTee
Club — The Woman's Exchange — Humane Societies — Y. M. C. A, — Boys' Outing
Earm — Red Cross Societ}' — W. C. T. U. — Community Shop — Eraternal Orders.

CHAPTER XXVI— PAGE 255
The Sanitariums and Plospitals of San Jose — The Splendid Appointments of the O'Connor
Buildings — Columbia Hospital — Santa Clara Medical Society — Dr. Ben Cory.

CHAPTER XXVII— PAGE 258
The History of San Jose Eire Department — Primiti\"e Appurtenances of the Early Days — Vol-
unteer E)epartment for Twentv-Six Years — 'idie Police Department's Growth and Work.

CHAPTER XXVIII— PAGE 262
The Early Churches of San Jose and Their Vicissitudes — History of the San Jose Library — Its
Growth from Small Beginnings — The Countv Eree Library — The Carnegie Library.

CHAPTER XXIX— PAGE 266
The Santa Clara Histrirical Society and Its Oliiects — Spanish Names for Natural Objects — The
Interesting Career of Judge Augustus (J. Rhodes, a Nonogenarian,

CHAPTER XXX— PAGE 270
The Banks and Industries of San Jose — Bank rif Itah" — A Daring Roliberv — Garden City Bank
and Trust Company — v^ecurity State and Savings Bank — Eirst National Bank — Growers
Bank — San Jose Eoundry — Bean Spray Company' — Anderson-Barngrover Company —
Smith Manufacturing Company — Sperry Flour Company — Globe Mills — American Can
Company — Security AVarehouse and Cold Storage Company — Garden City Manufactory —
Tile Company — Spray Manufacturing Compan}' — Artificial Leather Company — Wholesale
Grocers — The Oliver Compan)' — National Axle Corporation — I^low Factories — Farmers
Union — Granite and Marble Works.

CI-IAPTER XXXI— PAGE 277
The Romantic Histor}- of the Town of v^anta Clara — Home of One of the Early Missions — The
Story of Santa Clara University — Planting of the ^Mission Cross — Marcello, the Last of
the Mission Indians.

CHAPTER XXXII— PAGE 284
Palo Alto and Leland Stanford, Jr., Uni^•ersity — The Rapid Growth of One of the Progressive
To^^ms of Santa Clara County — The Location and Uses of a Great Educational Institution.

CFIAPTER XXXIII— PAGE 289
Los Gatos, the Gem Cit}- of the Foothills and Its En\-irons — The Gate^vay of the Valley — Gil-
rov, the Thriving Little City at the Southern End of the County.

CHAPTER XXXIV— PAGE 294
C)ther Growing Towns of Santa Clara Count)- — Sunn}'vale — Change from Grain Field to
Thriving Community — Campbell — Cupertino — Alviso — Milpitas — x-\gnew — Saratoga — Los
Altos — Evergreen — Mountain View — Mayfield — Morgan Hill — Tragic Encounter with a
California Lion — Berryessa — Alma — Wrights Station — Ambrose Bierce's Life — Patchen —
Mountain Charley's Adventures — Small Towns and Villages.

CHAPTER XXXV— PAGE 306
Miscellaneous Items of Interest — Observations of a Weather Expert — Judge Belden and Mayor
Pfister — An Auto Cam]) — Result of Presidential Elections in the County.

CHAPTER XXXVI— PAGE 308
Federation of American Farmers — Last Relic of Santa Clara Mission — Census Figures — Dec-
orations Received by Santa Clara Boys in World War.

Abel, Oour.i^c F, 1102 .

Abel, Otto 1396

Abernathy. Frank 1080

Abernath}', Win. Walson 928

Abreo, Joseph A 1650

Adams, John Hicks 1055

Adams, William H 1056

Albertson, L. H 595

Alderton, Henry A., M.D. 765

Alison, Ralston 1061

Allegrini, Igino 1296

Allemao, Manuel J 1264

Allen, Charles S. .". 1649

Allen, John H 1250

Allen, W. A 1493

Allen, William Benjamin. 1348

Alexander, George W . . . 582

Alexander, AVilliam G. . . 316

Alvernaz, Frank P 1444

Alves, Antone 1469

Anderson, A 1577

Anderson, Hon. Alden. . . 796

Anderson, A. Ray 546

Anderson, George C 664

i^nderson, George H 1150

Anderson, John 1510

Anderson, John Zuinglius 783

Anderson, Steve 1159

Anderson, Theodore O. . . 866

Anderson, Tom D 1113

Anderson, William W. . . 1183

Andrada, Manuel 1317

Anello, Frank 1384

Angelo, Jose C 1114

Anzini, Ben 1204

Arana, Melvin Joseph... 1303

Arguello, Julio 1599

Armanasco, James 1432

Arnberg, Fred J 1610

Arnerich, Frank N 1311

Arnerich, Paul J 608

Arnold, Arthur E 972

Artana, Henry C 1649

Athenour, A., & Bros 1225

Atkinson, Richard 940

Austin, William E 1114

Averill, Arthur Earl 1261

Averill, Volney 861

Ayer, Henry M 918

Ayer, Samuel Freeman.. 867

Azevedo, Andre 1586

Azevedo, Joseph C 1391

INDEX

'Vzevedo, J. E 1456

Azevedo, Manuel T 1578

Azzarello, Vincent 1337

Babb, James T 603

Bachrodt, Walter E 519

Baeigalupi, Arthur P. . . . 1209

l!acon, Albert Sylvester. 1072

Bailey, Elton R.' 892

Baiocchi, Adolph J., M.D. 1257

Baiocchi, ^Mmanda 1664

Baker, Herbert C 1209

J5aker, James T 1209

];'>aker, Lewis E 1211

Baker, Mrs. Margaret E. 680

Baker, Orlando E 457

Baker, Simeon 823

Baker, T. E 680

Balcomb, Jean B 1554

Balistreri, Frank Oliver. 1621

Ball, Harry Ulysses 1595

Ball, Martin Charles 1371

Ballon, John O. A 772

Balsbaugh, Ephriam .... 1002

Barbaccia Bros 1660

Barber, Lawrence E.... 883

Bariteau, Eli 1549

Barkalow, Benjamin F. . . 1528

Barker, Frank P 1413

Barker, Samuel A 1413

ILirnard, E. E 1553

Barnes, Harry 1083

Barnes, MaryV 1340

Barnett, Thomas Clemens 1651

Barns, Charles Edward.. 1111

Barnum, John S 1532

Baron, August William. . 1553

Barr, C. Marian, A. M. . . 939

Barry, Mrs. Catherine E. 446

Barry, Mrs. Mayme E. . . 786

Bates, Francis C 1012

Bates, Luther A 1651

Bartlett, AVilliam C 1494

Battee, John M 530

Banman, John 1361

Baumgartner Bros 1243

Bazata, Rev. Benjamin V 1290

Beall, Lucian M 1591

Bean, James E 788

Bean, John -. 1460

Beane, Georgia M 346

Beans, Thomas Ellard. . . 1362

Beans, William Knox. . . 762

lieattie, J. Irving, M.D. . 495

Bcatty, Charles L 1629

Beatty, John F 1392

Beck, Thomas B 1316

Bcedle, Charles 1354

Bellew, Joseph M 718

Bemis, Vernon L 1425

Benjamin M. A 1285

Benner, Stillman H 1093

Bennett, Ralph R 907

Benoit, Eugene 1 1631

Benoit, Louis P 582

Benson, Oscar 1603

Bentley, Robert I., Jr. .. . 901

Bernal, Bruno 508

Bernal, Pedro A 376

Bernal, Ygnacio 408

Bernthal,\Valter G 1572

Berry, C. E 1192

Berry, Charles 1351

Berryessa, Alex 1379

Berryessa, Jose J 1094

Berryman. Fred 1680

Bjertelli, Angelo 1591

Bertelsen, Bertel 1592

Beverson, Charles D.... 630

Biaggi, Alfred F 1628

Biaggi, Fred 1628

Biag.gi, William R 1666

BiU'willer, Ernest O 1526

Bisceglia, Pasquale 1568

Blabon, Joseph W. D... 596

Blabon, Otis 1110

Blabon, W'm. Caspar. . . . 338
Black, John Newton.... 1514

Blackford, LilHe 424

Bladh, Carl 1673

Blanch, John W 730

Blanch, Robert 446

Blanchard, Hiram A 1202

Blanchard, Thos. L., M.D. 1088
Bland, Henry M., Ph.D. . 479

Bland, Wallace E 1518

Blaner, William J 1340

Blaurock, James Edwin. 1133

Blois, J. Byron 986

Bl5unt, Alvin M 508

Bodley, Thomas 458

Bogart, Arthur W 1266

Bogart, Sewall B 1317

Bohnett, Floyd O 1403

Bohnett, Joseph 848

INDEX

Bohnett, Lewis Dan. . . . 1670 Ikirket, Mrs. Julia E. . . . 1249 Casley, James 663

Boisseranc, August 1270 Burkett, A. Kieffer 1134 Cassady, Sydney 1612

Bolfing, C. T 1652 Burkett, George P 825 Cassin, Charles M 1229

Bonar, Edgar P 1329 Burnett, David M 342 Castello, Tohn 1437

Bone, Joseph H 995 Burns, T. S 1626 Castilleja'Sehool 762

Bonetti, Henry 1278 Burrell, Frederick C. . . . 472 Castillou, James 1459

Bonnet, Adrien 1188 Burright, Charles L 1630 Castle, Arthur F 661

Bonnet, Gaston 1691 Burrows, Thomas T 1195 Castle, Mrs. California . . 479

Bonnet, Louis Joseph... 1550 Burton, Henrv Heber... 1033 Castle, I. N 479

Booker, George E 1269 Butcher, Rolla 944 Castro, Crisanto 1380

Booth, Miss Etta E 1289 Butcher, Rolla, Sr 943 CasAvell, Frank V 1202

Bordenave, Nicholas 1469 Button, Dr. W. H 1491 Catania, Flenry 1391

Bordi, Baptiste 1470 Byrne, Garrett J 490 Cauhape, Victor 1315

Boulware, Milton A 341 Calanchini, Ermcnegildo. 1670 Cavala, Paul L 1372

Bourguignon, Frank E. . 1006 Calcagno, Simone 1550 Cavallaro, Clifton D 1527

Boussy, Ferdinand 1688 Caldwell, Charles Henry. 1655 Cavallaro, John 851

Bowen, Fred 888 Calel:), Miles :Monroe 665 Challen, Victor 1234

Boyd, James, D. V. S 644 Calkins, Geo. W 1347 Chambers, J. W 1666

BradfoVd, Alden E 1196 Call, George B 975 Chapin, Frank E 1039

Bradford, Mrs. Allis Callahan, Thomas J 1626 Chargin, Joseph A 1595

Kimball Ballon 972 Cambiano, Paul D". 1518 Chase, Elmer E 844

Brandenburg, Harr}- E.. 1257 Cameron, Dr. David Paul 817 Chase, Foster Wooden.. 1118

Brandt, Charles ..." 1066 Camp, John M 1459 Chase, Elmer E., Jr 1518

Braslan, Charles P 607 Camp, Wilbur Lee 629 Chrisman, Walter L 463

Brattan, Mrs. Catherine F 516 Campliell, Alexander D . . 678 Chrisman, William Henry 475

Bray, Mrs. Clara C 880 Campbell, Andrew J 1113 Christian, Charles W. . .'. 603

Brazil, Manuel S 1408 Campbell. Carl 1007 Churchill, C. C 1692

Breitwieser, John T 1564 Campbell, David William 1137 Churnside, Thomas 1576

Bressani, Richard V 1448 Cam])bell, George 1414 Chynoweth, Mrs. Mary H. 334

Breton, J. Walter 1200 Campbell, James Henrv. 795 Cil'ker, William Hamilton 1466

Bridgman, Roy W 550 Camps, Frank L . 1577 Clark, C. Fl 1492

Brimson, Joseph Marion. 1604 Cantua, Joseph M 560 Clark, Charles 507

Brinkman, Fred H 1243 Cantua, Lenora 560 Clark, George Thomas. . 788

Britschgi, Jack E 1651 Cappa, Joseph 1669 Clark, John A„ M. D. . . . 1431

Britton. Arthur T 1052 Cardoza, John F 1431 Clark, "fonas, M. D 935

Britton, Lewis H 1317 Cardoza, Tom 976 Clayton, James A 803

Britton, Robert 1318 Careaga, Mrs. Maria A. . 484 Clayton, Willis S 807

Broedel, Michael 624 Carlo, John R 873 Clearwaters, Reuben D. . 651

Brokenshire, John R 1388 Carlson, C. A ':::T/ Clements, W'. T 1191

Bronk, Manuel 1434 Carlson, Charles 0 1550 Clouser, Harry E 1378

Bronner, Clarence F.... 1612 Carlyle, James S 1199 Coates, Washington B.. 1015

Brooks, Joseph T 857 Carmelite Monastery.... 1429 Cochrane, Mrs. Aphelia F 756

Brosius, A. F 1233 Carmichael, Daniel 831 Cody, L. R 658

Broughton, Lem 1629 Carmichael, Neil 827 Coe,' Henry W 396

Brown, Albert S 1337 Carmichael, Mrs. Wm. H. 1008 Coe, Henry Willard 395

Brown, E. N 436 Carpenter, Dr. H. F 578 Coelho, Alexander Rose . 694

Brown, Judge Frederick Carper, Samuel H 1281 Collins, Rev. Richard... 1527

Benjamin 688 Carrev, Albert J 933 Colombet, Emily J 1108

Brown, George M 333 Carroll, Thomas A 453 Colt, William F 1522

Brown, James 1617 Carson, James S '^'KJ Compton, Al 1648

Brown, Sewall S 1465 Casalegno, Thomas and Conant, Ernest AV 847

Browne, Harry E 1627 Henriette Pellier 471 Conrotto, Anselmo 1627

Brownell, Prof. Elmer E. 767 Casaletto, Laurence G. . . 1211 Cook, Marion Virgil ... . 1680

Bryant, Col. D. FI 442 Casaucau, Michel 1429 Cooley, Charles P 964

Buckley, George Stephen 1282 Casaurang, Peter and Jean 1157 Coombs, Frank W 737

Burdick, Charles L 1025 Casey, Jeremiah D 472 Cooper, Astley D. M 676

Burdick, George B 1517 Casey, Michael 416 Coopers, Edmond 852

->

INDRX

Coopers, Joseph P, 852 Davenport, Mervyn A .. . 1258 England, Beverly Allen . . 888

Coopers, Louis P 852 Davison, Charles' W 878 Rngland, Cus A 1388

Cordes, Paul H 943 Dean, Charles O 1 588 Eriekson, Andrew E 719

Cornell, E. V. 486 De Carli, Eouis Charles. 684 Ernst Brothers 1383

Corotto. John A 683 De Eorest, Albert T 1191 Esehenhurg, Rodney 383

Corpstein, Joseph T 1244 De Daey, 1 tush i\ 713 Esrey, John 964

Correa, P'rank vSilveira. . . 1447 Delniaestro, Edward 1165 Estrade, Mrs. Lizzie .... 1308

Costa, Georo-e M 1665 Delmue, Ernest 1239 Estrade, Prosper 1308

Costigan. John PI 705 Delyon, Eugene 1159 Evans, Erancis Marion. . 70S

Costigan, Robert A 574 De Mattei, Miehael 1363 Fahey, John H 581

Cottle, Ira 687 Denegri, 13ismo M 1353 P\ancher, Earle C 884

Cottle, Royal, Sr 41 1 De v^ilva, J. P 1550 Faria, J. S 1361

Cotton, George Douglas. 66*^ Desinmne, Joseph S 1334 Farmers' & Merehants'

Couch, Thomas 538 Devenpeck, Glenn A.... 1622 National Bank of Moun-

Coulter, MajorAVilliam A. 658 Devine, John James 526 tain View 843

Coupland, Wm. l^iichard. 1334 Devine, Joseph M 526 I'arney, Edmund B 718

Covert, A. C 1263 Dickinson, John W 1432 Farnsworth, Ralph 1485

Cox. George W 673 Di Fiore, Angelo 901 Farrell, M 1395

Cox, Tacol-. Milan 800 Di Fiore, Domenico 1567 Farrell, Mrs. Maria 1030

Cox, John 838 Di Fiore, Frank ........ 1154 Earwell, Frankim M. . . . 1199

Cox, Joseph Emory 955 Dmsmore, Dudlev F 1245 Earwell, J. D 936

Cox, La Fayette 675 Dinsmore, John W., D.D„ 1108 Fate, Harold L 105

Cox, William 787 Distel, Edward Erancis. . 902 Fatjo, Robert A 630

Crabb, Alexander L 697 Dodds, H. G 1377 Fellom, James Matthew. 496

Cramer, David Harold. . . 1052 Doerr, Charles 520 Fellom, John A., Sr 761

Cramer, Joseph L 1233 Doerr, Henry C 1119 Fellows, Edmund L 792

Crawford, Edward D 512 Doidge, Mrs. Elizabeth A. 1262 Fernald, Josephine M... 914

Crawford, James N 1174 Dornberger, Victor 670 Ferreira, Joe J 1443

Cribari, Fiore 1461 Dowling, Thomas M 1610 Ferrell, James 1079

Cribari, Paul A 1536 Draper,' Wilbur H 1043 Fieger, George W 1505

Crippen, Carlton Carlvle. 1352 Du IBrutz, Anthony G. . . 1239 Fiehmann, George J.... 1307

Cross, William J. ...'.. . 1203 Dufour, Charles 1290 Filice, Gennaro 1609

Crow, Max J 923 Duncan, John E 1333 Finley, Mrs. Louise M. . 1263

Cunningham, E. M 652 Dunn, [ames T 1020 First National Bank of

Cunningham, Joseph C. . 1249 Dunne," Mrs. Catherine . . 818 Los Altos 1188

Cunningham, Luther . . . 598 Dunne, Peter J 804 Fisher, Fiacro Julian. ... 721

Curry, Benjamin 0 404 Dutton Brothers 694 Fisher, Henry B 1084

Curtis. George M 766 Eastman, Edward Ferry. 939 Fisher, Ida M 643

Curtis. Manly M 1308 Eaton, Ernest C 677 Fitch, Harry H 1321

Curtner, Alan Eltzroth. . 932 Eaton, Louis 1465 Fitts, William L 633

Curtner, Albert H 1058 Eaton, Ralph W 1400 Fitzgerald, John P 1222

Curtner. Allen E 581 Eberhard Tanning Co. . . 533 Fitzgerald, Thomas 586

Curtner, Henry 423 Ebinger, Lewis B 1184 Fitzgerald, Walter G. . . . 586

Curtner, Lucy Latham.. 424 Economou, William N... 1582 Flindt, Homer Eon 1636

Curtner, William M 1120 Edwards, Henry William 1158 Flint, Benjamin and

Gushing, Frank Allen ... 982 Edwards, Leonard P 1179 William R 504

Cuthbertson, Sidney M. . 1141 Ehrhorn, Adolph William 591 Foley, William Edward. 1105

Cutler, Charles W 684 Ellet, Alfred AVashington 1093 Fontaine, Gaston R 1029

Cutter', John J 1180 Ellet, Charles 755 Forbes, James Alexander 878

Cutting Charles D 1621 Ellet, Edward Carpenter. 746 Forbes, Judge James A. . 1554

Cutting,' Dr. Tames A . . . . 826 Ellis, Edward F 931 Ford, Clifford M 1348

Da Cruz, Rev. M. A 14S9 Ellis, James H 792 Forward, James W 1095

Daft Joseph 1650 Ellis, John Edward 1285 Forward, Jas. Wesley . . . 874

Dahl'gren, Andrew P 947 EUis, Marion E 1257 Foss, Mrs. Sarah A 442

Daly, Phillip 1160 Elmer, L. H 1117 Foster, Fred Lawrence. . 1486

Darlino-, Salma 710 Elmer, Walter M 1212 Fourcade, Susanna W. . . 947

Darsie, William 752 Emery, Dr. Grenville C. . 525 Fonts, David P 1076

INDEX

Francalanzo, Joseph 1407 Goodrick, Thomas A.... 1184 Harris, James William.. 729

Francis, Octave J 1125 Goodwin, C. B 1531 Harrub, Irving E 1630

Fredericks, Karl R 503 Goodwin, James A 1367 Hart, Alexander J 504

Free, Hon. Arthur M. ... 880 Gordon, Harry V 1354 Hart, Leopold . .". 323

Freelvn, Elias H 574 Gordon, Dr. William D.. 1543 Hart, Orville Benjamin. . 669

Freeman, Edgar H 796 Gosbey, Hon. Perley F. . 529 Hartley, W. W 545

Freeman, Lloyd E 836 Gould, James ' 948 Harton, Will Green 1058

Freitas, John Andrews . . 1396 Graeb, AValter A 1549 Harvey, Harriet Newell. 592

Freitas, John R 1524 Granander, K. J 1501 Flauk.'john 917

French, Alden 1165 Gray, George A., M. D. . 1523 Haun, George J 718

French, Ernest A 1169 Greco, Anthony 1149 Hayes, Everis Anson . . . 320

French, John FI 1524 Greco, Gaspare 1603 Hayes, Mrs. Everis A. . . 530

Frisbie, Mrs. Geraldine E. 568 Greco, Victor Y 1632 FIa3-es, Hon. Jay Orley. . 324

Fry, H. Ray 879 Green, Ed. R 1150 Flayes, Mrs. jay Orley. . 905

Fuchs, Emil V 1652 Grecniey, Joseph Spencer 1540 HaA'es-Chynoweth, Mrs.

Fullington, RoUa F 953 Griffiths, William 838 Mary 334

Fulmer, Jacob P 1029 Grhn, Ira H 1056 Headen, Dr. Benjamin F. 599

Funkier, William 1154 Grimm, George 597 Hedegard, S. N 1558

Gagliasso, Charles 1090 Griscz, Celestine J 1526 Heilmann, Stephen 768

Gagliasso, Luigi 1329 Grisez, Rev. John C., S. J. 1489 FTeimgartner, William B. 1513

Gallagher, Alfred D 1163 Growers Bank 1299 Helwig Lester H 670

Gallagher, George F. . . . 1163 Gru^^'ell, Charles Lee. . . . 722 Flendy Iron AA'orks 818

Gallagher, Richard 515 Gruwell, Lawrence C... 1481 Hendv, John Harris 784

Gallagher, William L. . . . 1245 Gubser, August 1466 FIenkie,"R. E 1209

Gamble, Edwin P 1330 Guglielmoni, S. E 1559 Henev, Richard 1560

Gardner, Fred H 730 Guglieri, Dr. A. A 892 Henrv, William Fiske. . . 765

Gardner, Walter J 569 Guglieri, Mrs. Adela R. . 892 Herm'le, Andrew 1505

Gardner. William S 741 Guglieri, Gregorv 1501 Herring, S. H 1141

Garrod, David 1106 Gwartney, Mrs. Betty. . . 1481 Herrmann. Charles F. AV. 500

Garrod, Ralph Vince 1201 Gwinn, Marion Thomas. 1478 Flerrold, Charles David . . 1293

Gatter, Jacob M. H., Jr. . 1540 Haag, AVilliam F 585 Hershey, Chester E 1630

Gattuccio, Bart, M. D... 890 Haag, Mrs. Elise M 585 Hersman, Hugh Steel... 1184

Geer, Mrs. Clara A 1563 Haase, Maxwell Benno. . 1202 Hersman, AVilliam M. . . . 1433

Genardini, Charles 1300 Hagelin, John L 1327 Hess, Alexander AV., Sr. 1274

Genovesi Bros., Zapelli & Hageman, Joe 771 Flettinger, Eby Athv. . . . 954

Company 1501 Halght, Clark A¥ 1564 Heyde, John W. Edward 1560

Geoffroy, August 638 Haley, Edward 1116 Fleymann, Adolph 1635

George,' Mrs.^Amelia D. . 1061 Hall, AVilliam Flenry 1286 Hiatt, Frederick Lee 1114

George, Alanuel F 1490 Haman, Carl AVesle'y 812 Hiatt, James 1494

George, Mrs. Mary W.. 1166 Hanibly, Francis James. . 1115 Hichborn, Franklin 436

Gerow, Forest B 1629 Hamilton, George, Sr. . . . 371 Hill, Andrew P 355

Giacomazzi, Edward P.. . 1494 Hamlin, E. C. .'. 1204 Hill, Frank D 1543

Giacomazzi, AVilliam F.. 1164 Flammond, Mrs. Martha 1120 Hill, Henrie Granville... 882

Giardano, Frank 1677 Hancock, Joseph Edward 934 Flill, Henry Tanner 960

Gibson, L. W 1456 Hanger, Curtis Elden. . . 1083 Hills, Alfred Farley 1121

Gifford, JuHa A 1102 Hansen, Antone K 1525 Hinsdale, Willian, A. B.. 1636

Gifford, Loren N 533 Hansen, James 1096 Flirsch, Mrs. Emma 898

Gillespie, John 1201 Hansen, Knut H 1.344 Hinds, Carleton Jay 1677

Gilroy Public Schools... 1138 Hansen, i\Irs. Mary E... 1102 Hobson, Benjamin F 483

Giottonini, AVilliam .... 887 Hanson, Floyd A 1261 Hobson, Herman AV 1112

Glans, Oscar E 634 Hanson, George Warren. 832 Hobson, AA'illiam B 404

Glennon, Matthew J 1169 Hanson, Mildred P 1051 Hoesch, Judge John M.. 1149

Gober, Robert P., M. D.. 1460 Hapgood, Frank A 1460 Hogan, Thomas C 890

Gober, Rev. W. R 1460 Hares, AVilliam Lionel. . . 1659 Hogg, Henry C 1095

Gohranson, Oscar F 1364 Harms, George AV 1472 Hogg, Robert L., M. D. . 665

Goldmann, Edmund, Dr. 1234 Harms, Henry A 1539 Holmes, F. H 1107

Goodrich, CHiTord Byron 1303 Har])er, Capt. Richard B. 732 Holthouse. Eberhardt H. 832

INDEX

Holthouse, j. Fred 836 Johnson, Nils 519 Lambert, Tom 1358

Holthoiise, Mark II 835 [ohnson, Theodore 585 Lande, Rev. William J.. 1339

Hooper, H 1340 [ohnston, William Allen 709 Landon, Peter D 683

lioque, Francis M 734 [ones, C. FI 717 Fanfri, C 1187

Hoque, William Francis. 734 Jordheim, Ole 1497 Langford, Arthur Burr 559

Florn, i\Irs. Emily J 917 Joshua Flendy Iron Fangford, Robert Jackson 559

Florstmann, Fred FI 1641 Works 818 Fanham, Oscar M 1544

Houser, Harry A 1543 Juarez, Joseph F 1322 Fannin, Frank T 1212

Howe, Miss Agnes E 654 Kammerer, Feroy H 1639 Fapachet, Henry 1680

Howe, William B 897 Kammerer, Urban A 1250 Farson, Carl A 1554

Howes, Charles E., Jr. . . 1116 Kasson, Frank 1362 Farson, Charles A 1632

Howes, Charles Edward. 1115 Kearney, Thomas E 1337 Farson, Fred W 1544

Flowes, Freeman F 1169 Keeble, Edward G 1603 Farson, Fewis 821

Hoyt, Frank F 1513 Keeble, Richard P 359 Fatham, Allen R 1129

Flubbard, Thos. 15... 1062, 1118 Keesling, Alva Curtis ... 1057 Fathrop, Charles Gardner 1021

Hubbard, Albert Fester. . 1062 Keesling, George F 897 Faumeister, Gustav 1683

Hubbard, Mrs. Sierra N.. 1118 Kelley, Alphonzo M 1040 Faura, Charles E 1647

Hubbard, Frank 1404 Kelley, Dr. Thomas 1040 Fausten, Brousen P 1472

Huff, Frank L 1019 Kelly, George Albert 1204 Fawrence, William H. . . 647

Fluber, Charles FI 1679 Kemp, Freeman H 14U4 Fawrence, George C 1180

Huff, James A 1065 Kendall, E. F 467 Feaman, James B 862

Hughes, John 563 Kendall, Mrs. Fetitia Fearnard, Tracy 1328

Hultberg, Nels 0 1240 Pearl Snyder 464 FeDeit, George li 1169

Hunt, Charles A 1490 Kennedy, James C 612 FeDeit, Sylvain 1133

Hunt, Harold G 1245 Kennedy, James K 1304 Fee, H. Irving 1665

Hunter, Frank A 1122 Kennedy, Karl F 1486 Fee, Professor Robert A. 651

Husted, Ralph Allen 1213 Kennedy, Mark E 1157 Feib, Frank A 726

Hutton, Hiram Coye 1170 Kenyon, Frank 529 Feib, S. F 316

Hutton, Warner 515 Kenyon, James Monroe . 1399 Feitch, Edwin H 657

Huxtable, Frederick J. . . 1575 Kerr, Flenry M 853 Feiter, Jeremiah 714

Ingels, Bruce 924 Kerwin, John B 597 Feland, Raymond Barrett 1380

Ingleson, Mrs. Robert S. 706 Kerwin, Thomas 597 Fener, Mrs. Kaspar 1502

Interurban Sanitarium . . 1563 Kesling, Earl E 1485 Fenfest, Fee R 1407

Irwin, Samuel J 877 Ketchum, Otto F 1164 Fepesh, Andrew P 1334

Isaacson, Herman 1214 Kidder, George S 1265 Fester, Amos 634

Isasca, Vincent 1295 Kidwell, James Milton. . 902 Fester, Charles C ^ 865

Jackson, Jonathan F. . . . 922 Kirk, Bert T 883 Fester, Fred E 1022

'lackson, Roy 1 1548 Kn-k, Mrs. Louise G. . . . 648 Fester, Henry W 905

Jacobs, Sol 1071 Kirk, Theophilus 379 Fester, Nathan F 568

James, D. W 1462 Kissinger, Henry 1684 Fester, Mrs. Sarah E.. . . 431

James, William Henry . . 1225 Klotz, Christian M 1493 Fester, William Walter. . 568

January, Wm. A 1687 Knoeppel, Matthias .... 1039 Fe Suer, Frank A 1473

Jemm, Otto F 1611 Knoles, Tully Cleon, D.D. 511 Fevin, George A 519

Jennings, W. AV. and Mrs. Knowles, Frank W., M.D. 852 Fewis, George R 1587

Ella Fords 485 Knowles, Homer 476 Fewis, Harry C 1261

Jensen, Anton M 1277 Koch, Valentine 891 Liddicoat, George 1143

Jepsen,' Andrew H 692 Koehle, I. J 1373 Fiddicoat, William 1143

Jepsen, Mathias P 1339 Kohner, Ignatz 857 Fidley, Will George 1587

Jessen, Conrad 1659 Kopp, Henry Fouis 1477 Fieber, Fouis 633

Joaquin, Joe 1666 Krause, Herman B 1213 Fietz, Charles F 629

Johanson, Carl A 1591 Krieg, Henrietta Rehor. . 854 Fightston, James Fouis. . 360

Johnson, Emil A 1610 Kyle, S. Clyde 1469 Filjenstein, Gustaf M 1459

Johnson, Frank A 955 Facerda, John P 1642 Findholm, Carl 1417

Johnson, Frank W 1312 Facoste, G 1493 Finehan, Peter F 549

Johnson, Harry 1160 Ladarre, Firmin 1273 Finquist, F. A 1647

Johnson! Herschel 1482 Fafifey, James A 858 Fion, Ernest P 1065

Johnson, Mrs. Myrtle W. 955 Fake, French W 1585 Fion, Gustave F 767

INDEX

Lion, Lazard 766 Martin, Rev. Thomas R., Miller, Frank T 1158

Live Oak Union High S. J 1143 Miller, Mrs. Grace C. . . . 1101

School .".... 1318 Mathews, A. H 1354 Miller, Hale Roy 1351

Lobdell, Frank H 1364 Mathews, Henry D 873 Miller, Harley B 1221

Locicero, Nicholas 1635 Mathewson, John A 1497 iMiller, Henry 351

Locurto, John R 503 Matracia, Alexander .... 1547 Miller, Judge T. H 1026

Logue, James 843 Mattcis, Mrs. Cattherina Millich, Frank 1684

Loproto, Joseph 1618 Geraud 1 160 Mills, Arthur 1 505

Lord. Major William A. 1558 Matteis, Joseph 1160 Mills, Ora P 1044

Lords, John M 677 Matty, Antoine 887 Milne, Alexander 935

Lords, Walden 485 Mayhew, Dr. Arthur B. . 764 Mineo, Henry A 1659

Lorigan, Charles M 1048 Maynard, Edmund W. . . 807 Minter, Flenry C 1474

Lorigan, Judge Wm. G.. . 1089 Mayock, Stonewall J 416 Miss Harker's School... 764

Losse, Austin N 662 ]\laze, Edward Record. . . 989 Moe, Arthur 1432

Losse, H. E 662 Maze, Spencer Morrow. . 438 Moenning, Milton G 1640

Losse, Weir C 1604 McArthur, Robert A 554 Monahan, Thomas 1240

Lovell, John A 624 McBain, John 567 Monier, L. A 1348

Lowe, Sam B 733 McCarron, Andrew J. . . . 1425 Montezuma Mountain

Loyst, Andrew 1 998 .McCarthy, John R.". 729 Scht.ol for Boys 1269

Loyst, Maria Cox 611 McCarthv, Richard 600 Montgomery, Alexander. 554

Lund, H. J 1125 McCarty^ John E. ...... . 1615 Montmayeur, Pierre 1015

Lundin, Theodore C 1113 McCaule}-. James F 1076 Montova, Antonio 411

Lundy, David FT 1383 McChesney," James Roger 1510 Montoya, Manuel 1218

Lunsford, Lewis M 1426 McCline, George E 848 Moody, David Bacon 771

Lu,scher, Ferdinand 1548 McComas, Henry W 1374 Rloore, Samuel T 918

Luther, Don Walter 387 McCombs, W^ C 1670 Morell, George F 976

Luther, Lacob 638 McCracken, Mrs. Eliza- Morgin, Ned B 1647

Lutter, Clarence A 1311 beth 435 Alorrell, Albert E 1094

Lyle, George W 858 McCurdv, V. T 1316 Morris, Theodore John. . 1214

Lyndon, James H 403 McDaniel, Wilfred A 1217 Morrison & Wallace 1470

Lyndon, John W 800 McDonald, Archie 400 Morton, Ada Scott, M. D. 1080

Mabury, Howard Irvin. . 853 I\IcDonald, James A 495 Mossi, John 1084

Macabee, Z. A 1289 McGinnis, fames Sumner 523 Muir, Chas. H 1600

Macaulay, John W 891 McGrath, Daniel J 879 Muir, Ray 1159

Macdonald, Hugh 731 McGrath, Eugene "0 725 Mulcahy, Matthew F 1444

Machado, Frank A 1521 McGrurv, Warren J 1422 Mule, Charles 1363

Alachado, Frank R 1492 McHenrv, Francis j 1173 Mullen, Edward H 1465

Machado, Manuel A 1418 McKee, Edson 1437 Mullen, William Henry. 1294

MacLeod, Mrs. Elizabeth 628 McKee, George Butter- Murgotten, Alexander P. ,345

Madsen, H. Chris 1656 held 419 Murphy, Bernard D 997

Magee, John Lafayette. . 734 McKee, Hubbard 577 Murphy, Martin 908

Mao-ee Robert Bruce. 1422 ^IcKenzie, Michael 1616 Murphy, Patrick 1109

Mao-o-ini Plin 537 -Mi-'Keown, Daniel Linden 1179 Murrin, James 637

Maher, Thomas ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 861 McLachlan, Duncan P. . . 1 153 Musso, Fred G 1129

,. ■ ^M IT icoc McMurtry, George S 998 Narvaez, Miguel H 1669

;\iain, VV. hi iDoo , ,. , . -^ ' . -^ , -^^ ^t , t , t^ ■, ■, ,

,, . ,, , T 1 ir,7 Medenos. Justmo 1502 Nash, Lyle R 1134

Maisonneuve, Alphonse . 1403 ., , , t "i r^ tt^ >vt 4..- t t -i^o

,^ , r^' ' ,rr.r JMcnkcr, Johu C 376 Nattmger, Lyman L.... 468

Malatesta, Giacomo .... 606 ^^^^^^^^^_ '\ly,\,^n O. F. . . 596 Navlet, Charles C 720

Mancuso, Theodore M. . . 1656 Merrill, Richard J 1315 Neilsen, Neils Adler .... 1414

Mangnm Bros 1368 Merrill, Walter 1., M.D.. 1622 Nelsen, Peter 1112

Manotti, Luigi M 1609 ]\ierriman, Mrs. Isabelle. 956 Nelson, Alfred R 1480

Martella, Giacomo 1322 Merritt, James C 725 Nelson, Gustave 468

Marten, John S 1535 Meyer, Albert M 1493 Nelson, John W 1526

Martin, Elizabeth H 346 Meyer, Emil 1111 Nelson, Nick 1426

Martin, Julius 346 Meyer, Peter H 1473 Newell, Edward, M. D. . . 1448

Martin, P. J 1581 Michel, John J 1396 Newman Hall 889

Martin, Samuel 1 126 Millard, Byron 901 Nichols, Charles L 1357

INDEX

Nichols, John Henry 1539 Page, George W 997 Pitman, William Ward. . 1270

Nichols, Thomas Benton 959 Palo Alto Public Library 909 Pisturino, Sam 1312

Nichols, Valentine David 666 Pancera, John 698 Place, Elvert Ernest 1660

Nichols, Walter Ham- Panighetti, Carlo 1088 Plank, Mrs. Melinda C. . 1043

mond 967 Panighetti, Silvestro ... 1559 Polhemus, George Bissell 365

Nicholson, George A 1527 Parker, Charles 1422 Polhemus, Edward R 1130

Nicholson, George E 996 Parker, Major Lewis F. . 592 Poli, Luigi 1560

Nielsen, Anton T 1338 Parkhurst, Mrs. Ella S.. 1025 Pomeroy, Irwin Edgar.. 564

Nielsen, Niels Nicholas. 537 Parkinson, J. F 427 Pomeroy, Marshall 534

Nightingill, Frank W. . . 960 Parkman, H. L 932 Pomeroy, Warren H 935

Nippon Mura Inn 1214 Parks, William W 585 Pogue, John Fawcett 1448

Nixon, John AVilliam. .. . 399 Parlier, Charles Allen... 1514 Portalupi, Evasio 1299

Nommensen, E 1307 Parton, Floyd A 1509 Porter, Rev. A. W. Noel 664

Norton, Evered H 1679 Pasetta, Mateo J 1418 Porter, William R 786

North, Milo J 1612 Pashote, Joaquin J 1592 Post, Alfred Breed 991

Notre Dame College.... 1643 Passantino, Francisco ... 1330 Post, William 0 1266

Noyer, Joseph F 1663 Passelli, Steve 1391 Poston, Emory E 1622

Nuttman, Aloysius W. . . 1636 Patchell, Robert K 991 Power, Edward C 643

Oberg, Isaac 1066 Patterson, Steve 1641 Poulsen, Jacobi 1371

O'Brien, Jeremiah J 1481 Paul, DePhonzo Gibson. 524 Pourroy, Eloi 1270

O'Brien, Michael 1353 Pavlicevich, John 1656 Pourroy, Pierre C 1174

O'Connell, Albert F 995 Payne, George C 1664 Priest, Milo Ray 1528

O'Connell Bros, Inc 936 Payne, James Fred 913 Princevalle, James 931

O'Connell, Charles T 992 Peacock, Walter R 701 Provenzano, Joseph C. . . 1596

O'Connell, Elmer S 963 Peard, John James 1444 Prudhomme, Philippe ... 992

O'Connell, Frank J 975 Pearson, Charles 1599 Prussia, Willard L 679

O'Connell, G. Daniel 996 Pearson, Charles A 1599 Puccinelli, Romolo L 1628

O'Connell, Thomas 710 Peckham, James B 1536 Purviance, Mrs. Elmyra. 1673

O'Connor, Percy 968 Pedgrift, Sam 1547 Puterbaugh, George E. . . 1482

O'Connor, Hon. M. P... 654 Peirano, Giacomo 1026 Radtke, William 1357

O'Connor Sanitarium . . . 657 Pennington, John R 1246 Raggett, Martin 1497

Ogier, James Lee 1451 Perkins, James Elwin... 1509 Raggio, George 1595

O'Hara, Rev. Father Pat- Perone, Charles 1273 Rainey, Prof. Joseph W.. 874

rick J 1002 Perrone, Osea 1567 Rainwater, Julius H 1438

O'Keefe, Frank H 1170 Peter, Fred 1674 Rambo, Wliliam Taylor. 1372

Oldham, Louis F 1137 Petersen, Peter J 1456 Ramsay, William 1517

Olsen, Andrew 1576 Peterson, Fred L 1001 Randall, Laurence G 825

Olsson-SeiTer, R. M 1461 Peterson, Peter J 1471 Ransom, Joel W 1377

Oneal, Louis 1358 Peterson, Mrs. Lillian J. 1001 Rasmussen, Chris 1130

O'Neil, Robert K 877 Pettit, E. T 489 Rathbun, F 1611

Orr, Horatio W 545 Pfister, Henry A 366 Rawlings, George S 526

Ortley, William B 837 Philhps, Clarence E 1575 Rawhngs, John A 879

Osborne, A. E., M. D. . . 570 Phillips, Frank 1347 Raymond, Daniel 679

Osmer, George 678 Phillips, Dr. La Forest E. 990 Redwine, Claude 538

Ostenberg, Pontus 1040 Phillips, William C 1421 Reed, Charles C, Jr 1491

Osterman, Fred W 91Z Picchetti, Attilio 1642 Reed, Charles Pennelland

Otter, Hugo W 1211 Picchetti Bros 1596 Alice H I434

Ousley, Samuel M 407 Pieper, Mrs. Adele E 412 Reeve, Earl 1603

Overfelt, Charles F 511 Pieper, Ernest 0 1217 Regnart, Herbert William 1096

Overfelt, Mrs. Mary 387 Pieper, John H 412 Regnart, Robert Edouard 1119

Overfelt, William C 384 Pierce, Charles H 990 Reid, John G 1539

Owsley, Edgar H 1571 Pierce, James H 341 Renaud, Mrs. Ehse 1321

Pacific Manufacturing Pierce, James Pieronnet. 341 Rengstorfif, Henry 383

Company 910 Pike, Jonathan 1674 Rengstorff, Henry A 824

Pacific Press Publishing Pitman, Cornelius Y 520 Reseburg, William H 1408

Association 714 Pitman, James M 799 Rexworthy, H. S 1384

Page, Capt. Walter A. . . 1213 Pitman, Marion 963 Reynolds, James M 827

INDEX

Rhoades, William G 1452 Ryan, George W 1443 Sherman, F. A 731

Rianda, Antonio 981 Sabatte, Peter 1304 Shore, L. H 1586

Ribble, Charles C 1075 Saich, Anton 523 Short, James 1387

Ricard, Father Jerome Sainsevain, Paul C 775 Sigle, M. E 1523

Sextus, S. J 742 Saleeby, Elijah M 1044 Silliman, John C, M. D.. 719

Rice, Burl E 1311 Sampson, Leslie E 1605 Silva, Domingos A 1490

Rice, John A., D. D. S. . . . 954 Sanders, Forrest D 662 giiya, Manuel S 1433

Rice, William A 1605 Sanders, Stephen Poole. . 586 Silveira, Joaquin J 627

Richard, Louis M 889 San Jose Abstract & Title Silver Harry 1617

Richards, Dr. Charles U. 898 Insurance Company... 1378 Simmons, John Joseph.. 1367

Richards, John Evan. , . . 315 San Jose Mercury-Herald 982 SJ^ion Joseph V 1618

Richardson, Owen Dale. . 1374 Sanor, William J 1616 Simpson William M D 496

Richman, John W 1581 Saunders, Stephen M.... 1254 Sin"letarv Fmory C 940

Richmond, Cedric Rae. . . 1217 Savage, Granville L 515 Sino-letarv Emory G 438

Richmond, Edmund N. . . 553 Savstrom, Charles 1203 Sin^letarv' Georo-e C 441

Richter, P. Hermann H. 617 Sawyer, Eugene T 372 ginnott, Patrick^B . . ! '. '. '. 956

Ridley, LaFayette 1347 Scaglione, Louis A 16/8 c-„ -p „ i 141 ^

Riggs, William Ashley. . 1544 Scagliotti, Ed 1600 e! •^' ^ m " ^" n i<i c

T)- t/ T? ■ ^T ■ 1111 c r .4.- T- -r i^n^ Skinner, Charles C 1615

Righter, hrancis Marion. 1144 Scagliotti, Emilio 1606 ci ■ u t v (^7''

Riker, William E 1553 Scherrebeck, Mary E. . . . 1337 ^, ' „ ,,, . ._„

-n- J m, T 1 c^n o i -ii- t^ \ c*7o Slocum, George VV 1479

Riordan, Thomas J 15o9 Schilling, F. A 578 „ ' . ^

Rispaud, Jules Emile.... 1087 Schilling, Herbert Emile 553 ' i 'au i -p in79

Rispaud, Mrs. Renee. . . . 1300 Schirle, Anton & Sons. . . 676 ^'"!*'' ^^Z''*^^ ^ ' ' ^^ij.

Roberts, George 701 Schlaudt, Edward and ^mith, Charles 0 1106

Roberts, Herbert L 1462 Augusta 564 Smith, Charles R 1506

Roberts, W. K 542 Schmidt, Emil 1414 Smith, Francis 612

Robertson, Charles D.... 604 Schmidt, H. C 1154 Smith, Fred B 1150

Robertson, Edward C. . . 1379 Schmitt, iMichael 1652 Smith, George F 618

Robertson, Richard Felix 560 Schoenheit, Augustus A. 1087 Smith, Harry Ellsworth. 1226

Robidoux, Wilfrid F 680 Schroeder, ]. H. C 1479 Smith, James 1277

Robinson, Arthur J 1578 Schubert, Adolph V 1218 Smith, John 837

Robinson, Flenry 1578 Schuh, William 1540 Smith, Olando J 549

Robinson, Perry W 400 Schulz, John 1195 Smith, P. Milton 1109

Robinson, Robert S 1199 Schutte, Anthony 1640 Smith, Rebecca Crites. . 612

Rocliffe, Chas. Robert... 1115 Sciarrino, Samuel 1522 Smith, Stanley Bassett. . 1134

Roche, M. J 1166 Scofield. F. Ned 1568 Smith, Thomas E 1218

Rodeck, S. G 768 Scorsur, Benjamin 1644 Snell, Ralph L 608

Rodoni, John 1563 Scorsur, John 1665 Snitjer, Fannie Bonney. . 868

Roessler, John Robert. . . 1008 Scorsur, Nick 1478 Snow, Irving A¥alter.'. . . 1138

Rogers, Josephine Rand. 388 Scorsur, Steve 1472 Snyder, Arthur J 824

Rogers, R. Nella 913 Scott, Robert 733 Snyder, John 791

Roll, John 866 Scale, Alfred 972 Scares,' Francisco P 1392

Roller, Arthur 1460 Searl, Garner R 1367 Sobey Mrs. E T . . . 1563

Roller & Hapgood 1460 Seely, George B 1210 Solar'i,' Victor A 1387

Ronecker, Charles J 1431 Selby, Mrs. John S 483 Sonnichsen L H 1447

Rose, Joseph F . 1514 Selby, William H 706 Sontheimer', Urban a'. '. '. '. 653

Rose, Mrs. Ros.e G 1387 Sequeira, M. T 1434 Soper, Darwin J 826

Rucker, Joseph E 776 gerpa, Wilham F 1133 Sourisseau, Felix 948

?"', r;.-^Ti? ' 1^97 Sex, James Patrick 702 South, Charles D 541

Rudo ph, Allen io-/ ^^^^^^^^^ j^j^^ Francis. . 883 Souza, M. M 599

Russ°ell,' Andrew ■::■.::'.: 1016 Shaw, Elton Randall. . . . 1222 Spalding, Hon. C, C. . . . 380

Russell Lawrence 500 Shaw, James G 693 Spargur, C. G 1438

Russo, Joseph 1535 Sheehy, Phillip G 862 Speciale, Orvis H 1652

Russo, Nicholas H 1617 Sheldon, Stephen White. 927 Spencer, James A 1021

Rust, Charles W 1253 Shelley, Sivert H 674 Spooner, D. Rutledge. . . 1631

Ryan, Fred S., M. D 1258 Shepherd, James W. . . . 1101 Spring, Thaddeus W. . . . 372

INDEX

Squire, Charles H 1373 Sutherland, J. C 611 Vandervoort, Irving P.. . . 989

Squires, Leland J 1506 Sutherland, William ... 366 Van Lone, Walter Allen 1126

Stag-o-, John C. F 637 Svilich, John 1438 Van Orden, Richard P... 1226

Stanfield, James J 800 Sweatt, William E 823 Vargas Bros 546

Stanfield, John Harold.. 947 Syer, Robert S 573 Vath, Charles J 1121

Stanfield, John J 1061 Talbert, Edith Leach... 628 Vatuone, Romeo F 1621

Stanford Bank 985 Talbott, Mrs. Alice Lee. . 906 Vaughan, Patrick Eugene 1222

Stanford, Mrs. Jane L. . . 330 Talia, Peter 1492 Vedova, John D 1522

Stanford, Leland 327 Tallmon, George W 1395 Volkers, Arthur W 1531

Stanford University Tanner, A. E.. 1347 Volkers, Mrs. Delia 1047

Library 779 Tarleton, George Eber. . 1612 Von Dorsten, Frank A.. . 1079

Stanquist, Victor 1196 Tatham, Jefferson 1221 Wade, Sylvanus Raynor. 1296

Stanley, Harold J 1126 Taylor, John 1616 Wagner, Anton 884

Stapp, Jerome V 881 Taylor, William Dennis. 1107 Wagner Brothers 1640

Stau, Henry C 1188 Teed, John E 1137 Wagner, John Jacob. ... 1117

Staub, J. Samuel, M. D. . 604 Teixeira, A. 1 1663 Wakefield, Leland Henry 1525

Stebbins, C. L 1547 Templeman, Arthur W. . . 1328 Walker, George E 1610

Stevens, Burt 597 Templeton, William S... 618 Walker, Hon. George S.. 688

Stevens, Charles 1617 Teresi, Antonio 1625 Walker, William S 688

Stevens, Marcus H 1343 Teresi, Joseph A 1480 Walker, J. M. Church... 1477

Stevens, Orvis 597 Thaver," James W., M.D. 971 Walker, Leland H 1225

Stewart. Frank W 591 Thiel, Charles 1606 W^alker, Robert 981

Stewart, Ronald G 1115 Thorn, James A 1273 Wallace, John Lindsley. . 1030

Stewart, Rufus E 1399 Thomas, C. H 1153 Walsh, Walter 963

Stewart, William D 811 Thomas, Clayton R 761 Walter, Henry C 812

St. John, Mrs. Lucy A.. 847 Thomas, Jerome B., M. D. 1451 Waltz, Bloward S 1084

St. Joseph's High School 1142 Thomas, Massey 432 Waterman, Clarence H.. 1641

Stillens, Marion A 1480 Thomas, Marshal E 1577 Watson, Mrs. Elizabeth

Stillwell, Joseph Charles 1230 Thomas, Wendell C 1647 Lowe 928

Stillwell, Joseph M 485 Thompson, Joseph A.. . . 1239 Ward, Alvin Ryland 921

Stock, Frank 854 Thompson, Mrs. Mary W. 763 AVard. 1. Parmelee 1200

Stock, Peter 862 Thompson, William '].... 1249 Ward, Mr. & Mrs. Will-

Stocklmeier, Mathias . . . 1452 Thorp, John C 721 iam B 458

Stockton, Herbert 1559 Tomkin, Alfred Forbes.. 1557 Washburn, Arthur H.... 1192

Stolte, Captain F 1684 Tomkin, Dr. Alfred Royce 986 Weaver, A. M 164S

Stone, Edward Bruce... 722 Tomlinson, Warren G. . . 1179 Weaver, Edward M 675

Stone, Vincent B 1587 Tompkins, Samuel G 973 AVebster, Eugene D 1056

Stoppelworth, Edward J. 1230 Tonini, Pasquale 1678 Webster, Thornton Delos 1071

Stough, John William. . . 697 Tonkin, John 1343 Weeks, Charles 1005

Stout, Daniel W 890 Topham, Mrs. Hattie E.. 808 Wehner. Fred W 844

Strandberg, John W 817 Trimble, William Edward 1343 Welch, Hon. James R... 1057

Stralla, Madeline 1588 Tripp, Herbert R 623 Weller, Hon. Joseph R. . 1011

Strickland, Charles E. . . 828 Truck & Tractor Service Weltz, George C 1592

Strickland, Erve C 867 Company 1612 Wemple, Emerson H 1229

Studer, Fred F 1230 Turner, James 889 Western Industries Co. . . 148Q

Stull, Robert J 1371 Turner, George Webster. 1105 Weston, Mrs. Abbie RL. 989

Stura, G. C 1173 Tuttle, Carl F 881 Weston. Benjamin Frank 989

Sturla, Angelo 1578 Tuttle, Hiram D 1233 Wheeler, Almon 924

Sturla,' John, Sr 1479 Umbarger, Austin F 811 Whisler, Rev. George H. 763

Suess,' R. C 1278 Ucovich, Mitchell, Nick, White, George C 1477

Sullivan, John W 472 and Peter 1361 White, John E 927

Summers, Robert 0 1180 University of Santa Clara 1571 White, Mrs. Margaret. . . 375

Sund, Herman 1090 Valpey, Horatio B 450 White, Mrs. Mary A 342

Sutherland, Mrs. Eliza A. 360 Van Dalsem, H. C 449 White, Thomas F 943

Sutherland, James 360 Van Dalsem, Louis J.... 449 Whitehurst, Logan L. . . . 934

INDEX

Whitehurst, William A.. . 1455 Williams, Thomas M. Wood, Uriah 822

Whitman, Chauncey H. . . 741 M. D 1474 Wood, Walter H 907

Whitney, Hamilton C. . . . 738 Willson, Carlon R 835 Woodrow, William L.. . . 457

AVip-ht David 1048 Willson, Frank Chapman 921 Woodworth, Thomas J.. 1192

AVio-htman PR S07 Willson, Frederick C. . . 1528 AA/'orrall, George H., M. D. 1330

„,.?, T.' \ ^„c AVillson, George A 1688 AVorthen, George AV 453

w- "' ^T r"'"u • ■ ■ ; Wilson, Doxev R., M.D. 1130 AVright, Dr. Henry [. B.. 415

W.lcox, Elbert Joseph. . . 415 ^^jj^^,^^ ^^-^^ j,^-^^ g _ _ ^ 933 ^^.^j^j^^^ j^^^^ Richard. . 923

Wilcox, Frank A 779 Wilson, Ernest 1244 AA^■att, Roscoe D 1531

Wilcox, Frank C 564 Wilson, Horace 1262 Yerkes, Ostrum H 595

AVilcox, Hon. Isaiah A.. . 775 Wilson, James 1034 Yocco, Edward Clement. 1498

Wilcox, Irwin Miles 489 AVilson, Robert 1625 Young, Col. Carl J 1282

AVildhagen, F. G 1625 AA^ilson, AA''illiam A 1421 Young, AValter 1 1281

Wilkes Mrs Ollie M 975 Wilson, William R 1295 Zakis, Peter John 1498

AYiUiams, Albert Edward 573 Winkless, E. W., Jr 1648 Zarevich, Antone 1649

-,„■„• . , r->i • r-'y, AA^itten, Charles L 882 Zarevich, Nickolas 1650

Wi hams, Augustus Clair 573 ^^,^^ ^400 ^^^^^_ g^^pl^^^^ ^ j^^^

Williams, Amos Otis.... 1536 ^^j^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ 1327 Zeiro, Captain Eg.dio G. 653

Williams, Edson H. and AVolfe, Levi W 1333 Zastrow, Minnie B 1307

Robert D 1618 Wolff, William A 1527 Zeller, John B 1655

Williams, Edward Noble 1090 Wood, Dallas E 974 Zickendrath, Ernest C. . . 1455

AA^Uiams, John S 1264 Wood, George A 1663 Zollars, John M 1605

&^^,^^n^ /. q) C

History

CHAPTER I.

Unrivaled Climate and Situation — Story of the Early Days — The Founding
and Growth of the Missions — Founding of San Jose — Secularization of
the Missions — Life on the Early Ranchos — Early Government — The First
Americans — The Ill-Fated Donner Party.

THERE is no county in California so rich
in material, romantic, progressive and
adventurous, as the County of Santa
Clara. It absorbs al)out the whole of the Santa
Clara \'alley, rightly proclaimed the richest
\ alley in the stale, and in respect of size, the
richest in the world. It is located at the south-
ern end of v^an Francisco ]-^>ay and the county,
itself, emljraces 1355 square miles.

The climate is famed for its e^•enness and
salulirity. The Mt. Hamilton Range on the
east and the Santa Cruz Mountains on the
\vest [jrotect the ^■alley from the heat of the
San loaquiu plains and direct coast influences.
The Eay has a modifying effect, its cool
Ijreezes wdiich sweep through the valley, mak-
ing the summers cooler and the winters
warmer. The mean summer temperature is
se^'ent^'-fi^"e degrees; Avinter, about sixty de-
grees. The average rainfall is sixteen inches
for the A-alley and nearly tAvice that amount
for the mountains. There is an alternation of
stc>rm and sunshine lietween Octol^er and Alay.
During this period there are from thirty to
iortv (\a\s in which more or less rain falls;
frcim sixty to seN'enty that are cloud}-; the rest
are bright and pleasant. These estimates vary
with particular seasons, but taking the aver-
an-e of a series of years, it will be found that
from (Ictober to May one-half the days are
cloudless and fully three-fourths such that
any outdoor vocation can be carried on with-
out discomfort or inconvenience.

Cyclones and terrific windstorms are un-
known and thunder is heard only at rare in-
tervals. AX'ith the month of March the rains
are practically over though showers are ex-
pected and hoped for in April. Summarizing,
it may be said that in any part of the year,
days too hot or too cold for the comfort of
those engaged in ordinary occupations are
rare. It may be added that the fears and fore-
bodings with which the seasons are elsewhere
greeted, are here unheard of. Coming with no
rio-ors, they bring no terrors and are alike wel-
co'med as a change. In these conditions health
and comfort are largely subserved and also in

them the great horticultural possibilities, and
these, the elements of present and prospective
prosperity, are as constant as the ocean cur-
rents in which they have their origin, as
permanent as the mountain ranges \vhich
l)ound the field of their exhiljition.

vSanta Clara County is the banner fruit sec-
tion of the state. In 1")19 there were 98,152
acres planted in fruit trees and 2,850 acres in
\ines. The total acreage of cereals, vegetables
and l^erries was 86,695 acres. The livestock
numljered 62,248; value $1,288,175. It is the
[irune center of America. More prunes are
raised in the wallc}- than are raised in the
ydiole United States outside. In 1919 the or-
chardists of the county received $45,000,000
from the product of their trees. This was ir-
respective of the money received from the
jjackers and canners. In the season ending in ■
the winter of 1919 the Southern Pacific Rail-
\\-ay handled al)out 153,000,000 pounds of
prunes in the territory Ijetween Hollister and
San Francisco. The crop was by far the larg-
est e\-er raised in the Santa Clara A'alle}'. In
1921 the canneries of the Aalley paid out
nearly $50,000,000 for orchard products.

Though called the "garden spot of Califor-
nia," this phrase should not be interpreted to
make gardening more important than fruit
raising, for fruit raising is the prime industry.
Timber, cattle raising, dairying and sundry in-
dustries have played and still play an import-
ant part in the lousiness life of the population,
though the days of wheat raising, grazing and
timber culture are passing rapidly. Lands so
fertile and so adaptal:)le to fruits and vege-
tables cannot, in a section that is being rapidly
populated, be given over to any industry other
than one that is intensive. Within the limits
of the county there is practically no waste
land. It is interesting to bear in mind that
much of the poorer and rougher land com-
pares more than favorably with some of the
best acreage in the Eastern states.

A graphic and beautiful picture of the valley
appeared in the April (1920) issue of the

34

HISTORY OF SANTA CT.ARA COUNTY

v^outhcrn Pacific Ihillctiii. It \vas from the
jien of 1\. F. Wilson and is here repriMluced:

"One (if Califi irnia's great oiit-of-cloors treats
is a tri]) throut^'h an^' of the orchard regions
around the Bay cif San Francisco during blos-
som time — the end of March and the begin-
ning (.)i /Vprd. The Adsitor to San Francisco
or Oakland during this period should devote
a day at least t(.) seeing one of these mountain-
rimmed fruit N'alleys nestling among their
rounded, oak-clad foothills. The beautiful val-
le}- of Santa Clara — (Jueen of Blossom Festi-
vals— lies dh-ecth' sijuth of San Francisco, its
ncirthern gatewav l.ieing at I'alo Alto, twenty
miles distant. It is hfty miles m length and
from fue to t\vent\' miles in \vidth, its level
floors inlaid vith a thousand tinted squares
and rectangles of orchards, dotted ^\'ith coun-
tr_\- homes and interlaced with hundreds of
miles of auto roads, electric lines and railways.
Jt is a \'eritable Eden, a gorgeous garden of
fruit and flowers, walled in on the east by the
Mt. Hamilton Range, on the south and west
by the Coast Range and the Santa Cruz Moun-
tains. This garden wall is t\\'o to three thou-
sand feet high and 'over the garden wall' is all
Califi jrnia, a natural setting for this wonderful
valley, one of the thousand wonders on the
Southern Pacific lines. In earl}- spring you
can here behold over 100 square miles of trees
in snow-white blossoms — prune, plum, cherry,
olive, almond and with a dash of pink and red
for the peach and apricot. Over 8,000,000
with billions of blossoms — Santa Clara
Count}''s great AVhite !Milky Way, twinkling
in the California sunlight like myriad heavenly
constellations, ^vith h(jney bees buzzing in the
perfumed air. Ha^e )ou e\er seen such a
sight? You may hear the Song of Spring all
o\"er the world but no\\diere on earth can you
duplicate the v'^anta Clara Valley in blossom
time. You cannot match this wealth of bril-
liant blossom even in Japan, and Japan's
chcrr}- blossom trees are barren wdiile Cali-
fornia's trees Ijring fcirth luscious fruit. In
late March and early April the Santa Clara
Valle\' is a dazzling, billow}' sea of foaming
^vhite cajKS ridling toward us from the far-
away horizon. From June t(j November this
ocean of blossom is formed into a tempting
Ijasket of assorted fruits. The valley then
puts on a regal mantle, purple with prunes and
])lums, bright }'ellow "with the colorful peach
anfl afudcot gi\ing it full right to the happy
title, 'The Field of the Cloth^if Gold'."

The origin of the name \\diich the county
bears is thus described in a repC)rt made to
the Senate under date of ,\pril 16, 1856, by
Gen. Mariano Guadalupe V^allcjo, then senator
frrim the district of Sonoma entitled, "Report
of ^Ir. Vallejo on the Derivation and Defini-

tion of Names of the Several Counties in Cali-
fornia." In that report, he says of Santa
Clara: "According to the Roman Book of
Martyrs, or Mart\'roli.jg_y, as Hortalana, the
pious mother of Santa Clara, was once kneeling
lief(ire a crucifi.x, ])ra3-ing earnestly that being
with child she might be liappil}' delivered, she
heard a \dice ^vhispering: 'Fear not, woman,
thou shalt safely bring forth"; wliereupon a
brilliant light sudclenh^ illumed .he place and
the mother, inspired by the mysterious predic-
tion, baptized her child Clara, ^\diich is the
feminine of clear or Iiright. Clara was after-
\\-ard sanctified, on account of her man}' emi-
nent virtues and accordingly venerated by the
Cathidics in all Roman Catholic churches. The
Mission of Santa Clara, from which the county
deri\'es its name, ^\'as founded on the twelfth
da\' of Januar}-, 1777."

The peo]ile who inhaljited the Santa Clara
Valley prior to its occupancy b}' the whites
AN'ere a race cif mild-mannered, ignorant and
generalh' inoffensive Indians. Tlie\' were
sometimes called Diggers and sulisisted on the
spontaneous fruits of the soil and the small
game \vhich the}' killed or captured with their
rude wea])ons. Like nearly all the nati\-es of
the Pacific Coast they worshiped the sun.
The}' believed in an evil spirit and their re-
ligious rites and ceremonies ^vere de\'oted,
princi|)all}'. to its lu'opitiation rather than to
the adoration of a Supreme Being with power
to protect them from the anger of their evil
gild. The}' had no A'illages, but at certain sea-
sons of the }'ear they wfiuld herd at certain
fixed places which the Spaniards called ranch-
erias. The}' had no prominent men or noted
chiefs whose names survi\'e. Their existence
in the count}' ser\'ed as a motive for the estab-
lishing of the Mission of Santa Clara, which
\\'as the beginning of ci^•ilization in the valley.

Founding of the Missions

In 1768 Franciscan friars, under the guid-
ance of Father Junipero Serra, left Lower
California for the conquest and conversion of
Lpper or Alta California. The first mission
was established in San Diego on July 16, 1769.
In Septemlter 1776, the Viceroy of Mexico
penned a communication to Don Fernando
Rivera, the officer commanding at San Diego,
informing him that he had received the intelli-
gence that two missions had been founded in
the vicinity of the Bay of San Francisco and
as the Commandante had been provided with
military guards for these he would be pleased
to have his report. On the arrival of the mes-
sage Don Fernando, without loss of time, made
arrangements for visiting the places desig-
nated and placing the guards in their proper
idaces. After a journey, covering many days,

lllSTuin- ol' SANTA CI.ARA Coi'K'l'V 35

he. with his twelve si.hhers, arrived at Mon- j.raver, ihev assisted at tlie Jl,,lv Saeranient

terey, where he learned that onlv the mission of the mass. Breakfast next l"o)l,,wed after

at Sau hraneiseo had heen f.,nnded. Aeeom- whieh they proeee.led to thrir r.^siM-rti v,. nu

l.anjed by bather omas de la l>ena. who with ployments. Tn^ard no,,n thev returned f., tl a"

another pnest. had l-een a,,ponUe<l to perform Mission and .spent the tune ]V,,m il,en ,,n I 11

the reho-ums dnlies ,,| the expedition, he 2 o'eloek between -hnner and repose af ■

started north. On then- journey they eame to whieh thev rej.aired to then- work ' and re

the spot alterwans oeeupied bv the Satita mained euffa-ed until evening- an-.-elus about

elara M,ss,ou and bein- eaptivate.l by its an hour before sundown \11 then' 'b f ,

many ehar,ns and a.lvanta-es resolved to lo- themsehes t,, the ehnreh inr evenin- de '-'

^'^^'';' '' '"'■^^•"" tl^--'''^'- ti'-'"«. "•Iii'^-li eonsisted of the ordinary" family

1 oward the last days of the year, 1776, the prayers and the rosary, e.xeejil cm speeial oc'-

soldiers and their families, who were to take easions, when other dexotional e.xereises' were

part in the establishin;;- oi the new- mission, adrled. After .s'upper, whieh imniediateh' fol-

arri\-ed in San I'raneiseo, and on January 6. lo\\-ed, they amused themsehes in chA'-rs

1//7. leather I'ena. the soldiers and their fami- sptirts. g-ames ai-id daneint,'- tmtil the hour rf

lies, took up the niareh for the ehosen loea- i"eij(-.se._ Their diet consisted of an abundance

turn. Their hrst duty on reaching- their des- '-'f beef and i-nutton, with ^-eg■etables in sea

tination was to erect a cmss. \\-hich, \\-ith all so"- \A'heaten cakes and pnddir-i<>-s i-)r n< r-

stilemnity, \\-as blessed and adored. (Jn Jan- I'idges, called atole and jmuoIc, alsi"^ formed '

uary 12. 1777, an altar \\-as raised and the first portion of the repast. The dress was for tl

n-iass e\-er celeliratecl in the \alley \\-as said males, linen shirts and pants and a blanket

by Father Pena. In a few days Father Mur- he used as an overcoat, 'bhe woincn 'rece'^ivecl

g-uia joined them, with the necessary para- each, annually, twd underg-arnients, a o-Qw-n

phernalia for a settlement, and on January 18. and a blanket. In years of plent\' 'after tl

1777. the fon-nal ceremony of founding; Santa .Missions became rich the Father.s' d'-t d t I

Clara Mis,SKm took place. 'Jdnis was the first all the surplus money' among- them inVlot'hinp-

white settlement m the count_y. hrom this and trinkets" oiem m ciotning

time the vallev, which had hitherto been ,,

kno^vn as San liernardino, became the Valley /"^ natn-es were teachable, willing to learn

of Santa Clara. A general description of the ^."" reasonal)ly industrious. The land was fer-

settlement is thus giyen l-)y Father Gleeson *^"'^ ''■'''d each 3-ear sa-\y a gratifying- increase in

in his Avork entitled "The History of the Cath- the numbers of those who relinquished heath-

olic Church in California": "The buildings ':"'-'^™ tor Christianity and habits of savacrery

w-ere generally quadrilaterals, inclosing a court for the arts of civilization. Havino- a care' oy -

ornamented w-ith flowers and trees, the wdiole the temporal as w-ell as the spirFtual 'If

containing the church, the fathers' apartments, of their charges the Fathers soon saw f^

storehottses, barracks etc The entire man- Santa Clara Mission become a flourishing m'-

agement of each establishment was in the stitution ^""'& '"

hands of t\\-o religieux; the elder attended to

the interior, the younger to the exterior ad- -^'^^"t seyen years after the foregoing events,

ministration. One portion of the building Father Junipero Serra, president of the Mis-

\\-hich v\-as called the 'monaster}-' v\-as inhab- sions of California, feeling that old ao-e was

ited b}- the young Indian girls. There, under overtaking him, and, haxing some spare time

the care of approved matrons, they were care- resolved to visit some of the missions and

fully instructed and trained in those branches hold last confirmation. He had also been in

necessary for their condition in life. They were vited to dedicate the Santa Clara Mission

not permitted to leave till of an age to be About the first of May he visited the selected

marned-this with a view of preserving their gp^t^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^^ g^^^ Francisco He

""?,'; I' 1 t .1 1 I.-1 -. 1 ''""'^ ''^™ "' ^'^^^ Pl^'^e b"t a few days when

In the scTtools those who exhibited more he received the distressing news of the serious

talent than their companions vvere taught vocal jjlness of Father Murguia (Jn May 11 1784

and instrumental music, the latter consisting .. „ ,-n„.^^, . ■ , 'T r ,/ ,-/ , A

r ,1 1 1-1-7 4-1 1-1 tire Illness terminated fata ly Father Serra

of flute, horn and violm. In the mechanical , r ,, , i'tutu_\. i ainer v^erra

departments the most apt were promoted to '"''''" ^°° enfeebled to attend the funeral. He

the positions of foremen. The better to pre- "■]^^ ^'^'.'^' however, to go to the Mission ior

serye the morals of all, none of the whites, *"e dedicator_v ceremonies, which took place

except those absolutely necessary, were em- on May 16, 1784. Assemlded to witness the

ploved at the Mission. The daily routine was imposing scene were the troops, many citizens

as follows: At sunrise they arose and pro- and a large number of unchristianized Indians,

ceeded to the church, where, after morning On the succeeding Sunday mass was chanted

36

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

by the aged priest in a solemn and impressive
manner. On that da_\- he held his confirmation.

Founding of San Jose

Don Felipe de Neve, the third Spanish gov-
ernor of California, was in office from Decem-
ber, 1774, to September, 1782. On June 3, 1777,
he suggested to the central government in
Mexico the establishment of three settlements,
(me of them being on the banks of the Guada-
lupe River, sevent}'-eight miles from Monte-
rey, fortv-eight from the presidio at San Fran-
cisco and tAVii and a quarter miles from the
Missiim of Santa Clara. At tliat time. Lieu-
tenant Don Jose de Mt)raga, commanding at
San Francisco, ^\■as directed to detach nine
soldiers of kno\\m agricultural skill, two set-
tlers and three laborers to form a settlement
on the margin of the Guadalupe, which they
effected on Novendier 29, 1777, The name
the}- ga\"e it was San Jose de Guadalu])e, the
appro\'al from Sjiain being dated .March 6,
1789.

( )n December 24, 17S2, Lieutenant ]\loraga
was directed to partition oli the land to the
settlers, a (lut\- he effected lictween the thir-
teenth and nineteenth of I\fa}-, 1783, the reciiJ-
ients of the land being Ignacio Archeluta,
Manuel Gonzales, Jose Tiburcio Vasquez,
Manuel Ames(|uita, Antonio Romero, Ber-
nardo Ivosales, Francisco A\"ila, Sebastian Al-
N'itre and Claudio AKdres.

The tir>t location was made nearly a mile
and a quarter from the center of the present
citv of San T(.ise, aliout wdiere a bridge spanned
a little stream on the road to AKiso. The
ground was too low at this point and the first
settlers were the \ictims of }-earl_\- recurring
floods and thieving Indians; therefore, jiermis-
sion was asked to remoxe to higher land and
a more adxantageous site. It takes long', how-
ever, tC) moNC the wheels of official machiner}'.
In the \"ear 1785, the (piestion of the transfer
was mooted, Imt it was not until 1797 that
the remowal was acconqdished — the center of
the new site being near the corner of Market
and San Fernando streets.

Captain Vancoux'cr, wdio visited Santa Clara
Valley in 17S*2, thus descrilies it: 'AVe con-
sidered our Course from v^an Francisco parallel
to the sea coast, l:)etween wdiich and our path
the ridge of mountains extended to the S(]Uth-
eastward. As we ad\'anced, their sides and
summits exhibited a high degree of fertility,
interspersed with copses of various forms and
magnitudinous and verdant open spaces en-
circled with statel}' fruit trees of various de-
scriptions. About noon w^e arrived at a very
pleasant and enchanting lawn, situated amid
a grove of trees at the foot of a small hill,
by which flowed a very fine stream of excellent

water. We had not proceeded far from this
delightful spot when we entered a country I
little expected to find in these regions. For
almost twenty miles it could be compared to
a park wdiich had originally been planted -with
true old English oak. The underwood, which
had probably attained its early growth, had
the appearance of having been cleared away
and had left the statel}' lords of the forest in
complete possession of the soil, which was
co\-ered with magnificent foliage and beau-
tifull}' di\x*rsified with pleasing eminences and
valleys, wdiich. with the lofty ranges of moun-
tains, that bounded the ])rospect, required only
to l)e adorned with neat habitations of an in-
dustrious peo])le to produce a scene not in-
ferior to the most studied effect of taste in
the disposal of grounds."

Frederic Hall, a pioneer lawyer of San
Jose, sa}-s in his history that nearly all the
Indians in the region descrilied by Captain
A ancouN'er were in the habnt of visiting the
hill on wdiich the New jVlmadcn mine was first
opened and workerl to obtain the red paint
to arlorn their faces and bodies. The cinna-
bar is of a reddish hue, and easily produces a
red pigment wdicn moistened and rufibed.
\A bile the color ot the ]iig'ment was pleasing
to the eyes of the Indians its effect on their
s_\'stem was by no means agreealde. It sali-
^ ated them — a result as mysterious and unex-
plamalile to them as the setting of the sun.
Althou.i^ii a little painful, they seemed to for-
get their illness as they witnessed the lustre
of their skins, for they W'cre as resfdute in
then- pride of dress as the proud damsel groan-
ini;- in tight corsets and tight sh(-)es.

The Alameda, that renowned avenue that
links v'^an Jose \\dth vSanta Clara, is known
and admired the v\-orlfl ox'cr. Idle planting
of the trees A\-as started in 1799 Iw- Father
IMaguin de Catala, for the lienefit of the way-
farer ]ournc'_\-ing between the two towns.
d\\-o hundred Indians wxre employed to do
the w^ork. The eastern limit of the groxe was
at the Guadalupe River. Init in Time the
march of progress necessitated the removal of
many of the trees to make way for houses and
streets.

The original ^lission of Santa Clara stood
near wdiere now are seen the structures of the
Southern Pacific Railway station. Its walks
were cracked by an earthquake in 1812, but
no portion of it fell at that time. In 1822,
however, an(jther and more severe shock
caused so much injury to the building that it
became necessary to take it down rather than
attempt to repair it. A site for a new Mission
was chosen a short distance to the southwest,
and in 1825-26 the new Mission Church was
completed. In later years, so great was the

11IST(^RV OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY il

ileca}- that it was fcmml adxisalile to encase no longer necessary for missionary [purposes,
tile walls, remodel the facade and erect two and thus had reverted to tlie state as a quasi
tci\\ers ; eacli ser\ed for the imrpose of a escheat, ^yhile the co-actors in Califr)rnia
lookout. The face of the structure was paint- should api)ropriate the lotal wealth of the
ed in a rude fashion with hihlical scenes in- Missions Ijy the ra])id and sme prcjcess of ad-
tended to attract the eye of the ahoriginal, ministerin.o' their temporalities." And again:
wdiile \\ithin ^yere tableaux and allegorical "These laws Avhose ostensible ])urposc was to
]iictures. In 1884, as a sanitary measure, the convert the missionary establishments into
old Mission was torn down under the super- Indian puel)los, their churches into parish
A'ision c>f Father Robert E. Kenna, |)resident churches, and to ekwate the Christianized In-
of Santa Clara College. One adobe wall was dians to the rank of citizens, \\'ere, after all,
left standing to show the original construe- executed in such a manner that the so-called
\\o\\ and a numlK'r of pictures and relics were secularization of the missions resulted only
allowed to remain. in their plunder and comjjlete ruin, and in the

Secularization of the Missions

demoralization and dispersion of the Chris-
tianized Indians.'

In the }"ear 1767 the property possessed by Immediately upon the recei])t of the decree

the Jesuits, then known as the Pious Fund, the then-acting Go\ernor 'of California, Don

was taken charge of In- the (lovernment and lose Figueroa, commenced the carr\ing out of

used for the benefit of the ^Missions. At that its provisions to which he added certain rules

time the possession yielded an annual revenue and in accordance .therewith the alteration in

of $50,000, $25,000 of which were expended in the missionary system was begun, to be imme-

the stipends of the Franciscan and Dominican diately followed by the absolute ruin of both

missionaries and the balance for the mainten- r^fissions and countr}-. Within a Acry fe^v

ance of the missions generally. Father Glee- years the work of the Fathers \\-as entirely

son says: "The first inroads made upon these destroyed; the lands which had hitbertcj teem-

pious donations was about the }'ear 1806, ed \\\\\\ alnmdance \\'ere handed o\"er to the

when to relie^•e the national wants caused by Indians to lie by them ne.glected and permit-

the wars of 1801 and 1804 between Portugal ted to return to their primitive wildness, while

on the one hand and Great Britain on the the thousands of cattle were di\'i(led among

other. His MajestA^'s fiscal at Mexico scrupled the people and the administrators,

not to confiscate and remit to the autjiorities jj^ ]g35 ^i^g number of Indians cared for in

in Spain as much as $200,000 f)f the Pious ^\^^ missions amounted to over 30,000. They

Fund." By this means the Missions were de- ^^.g^e peaceful, happy and contented, strang-

prived of most substantial aid and the Fathers g^s to those cares, trouliles and anxieties com-

left upon their own resources. Two years „^^,n tu higher and more civilized conditions of

after ]\Iexico had been formed into a republic ufg. At the same time that their religious

the government authorities began to interfere condition was one of thankfulness and grate-

with the rights of the Fathers and the exist- f^i satisfaction to the Fathers, their Avorldly

ing state of afifairs. In 1826 instructions were position was one of abundance and prosper-

forwarded by the Federal Government to the ity. Divided among the dilTerent missions

authorities in California for the liberation of from gan Lucas to San Francisco close upon

the Indians. This was followed a few years one million head of livestock Ixdonged to the

later liy another act ordering the whole of the people. The united annual return of the cer-

missions to be secularized and the religieux gals, consisting of wheat, maize, beans and the

to withdraw. The ostensible object assigned hke, was upwards of 120,000 bushels, wdiile

by the authors of the measure was the execu- at the same time throughout the diflierent mis-

tion of the original plan formed by the gov- sions the preparation and manufacture of

eminent. The Missions, it was alleged, were soap, leather, wine, brandy, hides, wool, oil,

never intended to be permanent establish- cotton, hemp, linen, tobacco, salt and soda was

ments : they were to give way in the course extensively pursued. And to such perfection

of some years to the regular ecclesiastical ^yere these articles brought that some of them

system wdien the people would be formed ^^-gj-g eagerly sought for and purchased in the

into parishes attended by a secular clergy. principal cities of Europe. *

"Beneath these specious pretexts, 'says
Dwinelle in his Colonial History, "w^as un-
doubtedly a perfect understanding between

Such was the happ}' and prosperous condi-
tion of the country under missionary rule.

the o-overnment at Mexico and the leading What resulted after the transfer of power to

men "of California, and in such a condition of the secular authorities was disastrous. In

things the Supreme Government might absorb 1834 at the time of the secularization of the

the Pious Fund under the pretense that it was missions there were 1,800 Indians belonging

38

IIISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

to the Missiiin of Santa Clara. In 1842 the
numhier had lieen reduced to four hundred.

Life on the Early Ranchos

Prior tri the .-Vmerican occupation of Cali-
fornia the natives A\'ere a half-caste race, be-
tween the half Castilian and the native Lidian,
A'ery few of the tamilies retainino' the pure
blood of old Castile. They were of all shades
of coliir anil developed into a handsr)me and
vigorous race. Their wants were few and
easily supplied ; they were contented and
happ}^: the Avrmien Avere \'irtuous and devoted
to their church and religion, A\diile the men,
in normal conditinn, were kind and hospit-
alile, but \\dK-'n excited l)ecame rash, fearless,
even cruel, witli no dread (->f knife or pistol.
Their generositx^ was great, exerything they
had being at the dis[)(isal of friend or strang-
er. Socialh' theA" loxed jileasure, spending
most of their time in music and dancing; in-
deed such A\-as their jiassion' for the latter that
their horses were trained to cur\-et in time t(j
the tunes of the guitar. "When not sleeping,
eating or dancing the men spent much time in
the saddle and naturalh- became expert ec|ues-
trians. Horse racing Avas with them almost a
daily occurrence, not from the gain it might
bring h)ut from the amusement to be derived
therefrom. To throw a dollar upon the
ground, ride l)y at a full gallop and pick it up
was a feat that most of them could perform.

Horses and cattle ga\e them their chief
occupation. The}- could use the riata or lasso
with the utmost de.xterit}- ; whenever thrown
at a Lnillock, horseman or bear, it rarel_v miss-
ed its mark. The riata in the hands of a
Californian A\-as a more dangerous weapon
than gun or pistol, ANdnile to catch a wild cow
with it, thrrjAv and tie her, withc)Ut dismount-
ing, was most common, and to gcj through
the same perfr)rmance with a liear was not
considered extraordinary. Their onlv articles
of export were hides and tallow, the value of
the former being a dollar and a half in cash
and two dollars in g(K)ds anrl the latter three
cents per pound in barter. Young heifers, two
years old, for breeding purposes were wortn
three dollars : a fat steer delivered in the
Pueblo San Jose lironght fifty cents more,
while it was neither trespass nor larcen}' to
kill a beeve, use the flesh and hang the hide
with tallow tin a tree, secure from coyotes,
where it could 1«; found by the owner.

Lands outside of the town were valuable
only for grazing purposes. J!^or this use every
citizen of good character having cattle, could,
for the asking, and by paying a fee to the offi-
cials and a tax upon the written paper, get a
grant upon a grazing tract of from one to
eleven square leagues of land. These domains

were called ranchos, the only improA-ements
on them being a hcmse and a corral. They
AA'ere never inclosed, they Avere never survey-
ed, but extended from one Avell defined land-
mark to an(.ither, and Avhether they contained
two or three leagues more or less, Avas re-
garded as a matter of no consec|uence, for the
land itself Avas of no value to the government.
It Avas not necessary for a man to keep cat-
tle on his oAvn land. They were ear-marked
and these marks established the ownership.
The stock roamed at Avill, the rancher some-
times finding his animals fifty or sixty miles
aAvaA- from his grounds. Aljout the middle of
March the rodeo seasrin opened, the time Avas
fixed in adAance by the ranchero Avho Avould
send notice to his neighbors for leagues
around. All these ranchers with their va-
queros, Avould attend and participate. It
Avas the gathering in one locality of all the
cattle on the rancho. When this task Avas
accomplished, the next operaticin A\as for each
ranchero present to ]")art out fnnn the general
herd all animals haA'ing his brand and ear-
mark and driAe them oft' to his own rancho.
In doing this the}' Avere alloAved to take all
cah'es that followed their mothers. What
Avas left in the rodeo belonged to the owner
of the rancho, Avho then marked them as his
property. On some of the ranchos the num-
ber of cah'es branded and marked each year
Avas enormous, Joarpiin Ijernal, aa'Iio owned
the vSanta Teresa Rancho, eight miles south
of San Jose, having been in the habit of brand-
ing not less than 5,000 head yearly. In this
AA'ork a great many horses Avere etnployed.
Lift}' head Avas a small numlier for a ranchero
to OAvn,

By the time the rodeo season AA'as over —
about the middle of May — the matanza or
killing season commenced. The numl^er of
cattle killed each year Avas commensurate
Avith the number of calves marked and the
amount cif herbage for the year, for it Avas the
rule that no more should l>e kept alive than
the pasture on the rancho could support.
After the butchering the hides Avere taken
oft' and driefl, the fattest portions of the flesh
Avere made into soap, while some of the best
portions of the meat Avere cut, pulled into thin
shreds and dried in the sun. The residue Avas
throAvn aAvay to be eaten by the buzzards and
the dogs. Young dogs Avere never destroyed
and it Avas no infrequent occurrence to see a
ranchero ride into town Avith a string of dogs
at his horse's heels.

The habitations of these people Avere mark-
ed by simplicity. The Avails Avere fashioned of
sun dried bricks, made of that black loam
knoAvn to settlers as adobe soil. The adobe

DON P,RUN( ) BERXAL

HISTORY OF SANTA CT.ARA COUNTY

39

was mixed with straw, each lirick, about
eighteen inches siinare, three inches thick, be-
ins cemented with mud and whitewashed
when finished. The rafters and joists were of
rou^-h timber, with the bark simply peeled off,
and placed in the required |)nsition. The
thatch was uf rushes or chapparal fastened
do\\-u with thoui^-s of bullocks' hide. When
completed these dwellings were capable of
standin>;- the JM-unt and wear and tear of
many decades, as can lie evidenced by the
number now standing- in the Valley. The
furniture consisted of a few cooking utensils,
a rude bench or two, sometimes a table and
the never-failing camphor-wood trunk. This
trunk, or chest, contained the extra clothes
of the women — the men w'(->re theirs on their
backs — and if a visit abroad of more than a
few days' duration was made the box was
taken along. The women were cleanly in
their persons and clothing, the common dress
being- a calico gown of plain colors, blue
grounds with small figures being those most
fancied. The fashionable ball dress of the
young lady was a scarlet flannel petticoat
covered ^\-lth a white la\vn skirt. Ijonnets
there were none, the head-dress consisting of
a long, narrow shawl or scarf.

The dress of the men was a cotton shirt,
cotton drawers, calzonazos, sash, serape and
hat. The calzonazos took the place of panta-
loons, but differed from these by being open
down the side, or rather the seams on the
sides were not sewed up as in pantaloons but
\vere laced together from the waist band to
the hips b}- means of a ribbon run through
eyelets and fastened with large silver bell-but-
tons. In wearing them they were left open
from the knee down. The best of these gar-
ments were made of broadcloth, the inside
and (jutside seams being faced with cotton
velvet. The serape was a blanket with a hole
through its center, through which the head
was inserted. These cloaks were invariably
of brilliant colors and varied in price from
four to one hundred and fifty dollars. The
calzonazos were held in place by a pink sash
worn around the waist; vdiile the serape
served as a coat by day and a ccjvering by
night.

The courtship of these people was peculiar.
No flirting or love-making was permitted.
A\'hen a young man of marriageable age saw a
girl that suited his eye, he had first to make
his wnshes known to his own father, in wdiose
house the eligibility of the selected one was
gravely discussed. If the son's wish was re-
o-arded' with favor, the father addressed a
letter to the father of the girl asking for his
daughter in marriage for his son. The matter

was then freely discussed between the parents
of the girl and if an adverse decision was ar-
rived at, the father of the young man was by
letter so informed and the matter was at an
end. lint if the decision of the jiarents was
fav(jral:)le to the young man then the girl's in-
clinations were consulted and her decisi(jn, if
favorable, was communicated in the same
manner and the affair of the engagement be-
came a matter of public notoriety. The girl
might then visit the 3'oung man to be re-
ceived as a member of the family, and when
the time for the marriage came there ensued
feasting and dancing, the celeljratiini continu-
ing for three or four days. When there was
a refusal of marriage the girl was said to have
given her lover the pumpkin — se dio la cabala.

The principal articles of food were beef
and beans, in the cooking and preparing of
\\-hich they were unsurpassed, though they
cultivated to a certain extent maize, melons
and pumpkins. The bread used was the
tortilla, a wafer in the shape of Jewish un-
leavened bread, made generally with wdieat,
but sometimes with corn. AVhen prepared
it was first boiled in a weak lye made of wood
ashes and then by hand ground betw^een two
stones into a paste. This process completed,
a small portion of the dough was taken out
and by dexterous throwing from the back of
one hand to the back of the other the shape
was formed. Then it was placed upon a flat
iri-)n and fiaked over the fire.

The mill in which the grain was ground
\\'as made of two stones as nearly round as
possible, of about thirty inches in diameter,
each being dressed on one side to a smooth
surface. One was set upon a frame about two
feet high with the smooth face upward ; the
other was placed on this with the even facet
downward while through an inch hole in the
center the wdieat was fed by hand. Tw^o holes
drilled partly through each stone admitted an
iron bolt, to which a long pole was attached.
To its end was harnessed a horse, mule or
donkey and the animal being driven around in
a circle caused the stone to revolve. These
mills were capable of grinding a bushel of
wheat in about twelve hours.

The vehicles and agricultural implements
were quite as primitive, the cart in common
use being formed in the following manner ;
the two wd-ieels were sections of a log with a
hole drilled or bored in the center, the axle a
jxile sharpened at each end for spindles, with
a pin to prevent the wheels from slipping off.
Another pole fastened to the middle of the
axle served as a tongue. Upon this frame-
work was fastened a kind of wdeker-work
framed of sticks bound together with strips of

40 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

hide. The Ijeasts of burden were oxen. They the complaint. This lirought about a wordy
^vere yol<ed with a stick across the forehead. altercation between the two parties during
The stick ^vas notched and crooked so as to wdiich the alcalde was able to arrive at the
fit the head closely and the whole was tied facts. Sometimes judgment was immediately
with rawhide. The plow was a still more rendered, the trial not ocupying more than
quaint affair. It consisted of a k)ng piece of two hours. In important cases three "good
timber \vhich ser\"ed the purpose of a 1)eam. men" would be called in to act as co-justices.
To the end ^^'as fastened a handle. A mortise A learned .'\merican judge has said that the
was next chiseled in order to admit the plow native Californians were, in the presence of
which ^\■as a short stick with a natural crook, courts, eminently truthful. They were all
with a small piece of iron fastened to the end Roman Catholics, and their priests were of
of it. With this crude implement was the soil the Franciscan order. The)' -were great
upturned, \\diilc the branch of a tree ser\-ed as church-goers, }-et vSunday ^\'as not the rmh"
a harr<]\v. There ^^'ere no fences to protect day set apart for their devotions. Nearh'
the crojis. To take their place ditches were e\er3' da\' in the calendar was devoted to the
dug, the top of the soil Ijeing covered with memor}- of some saint. Those dedicated to
branches of trees to keep away the numerrjus the principal ones were oliserved as holidavs.
bands of cattle and horses. When the crops The front door of their churches was always
were ripe they were cut with a sickle or any o])en and every person passing, whether on
other convenient utensil. Next came the foot or on horseback, doffed his hat. Not tf)
threshing. The floor of the corral in which have done this was regarded as almost a
the cattle and horses were ]-)enned had Ijccome crime, louring the holding of services with-
hardened. Into this enclosure the grain in the church it \\-as customary to station a
would be pileil and uiion it the mares would 1)e number of men without, who at appointed in-
turned loose to tramp out the seed. The tervals interrupted the services bv the ringing
wildest of these animals, many of them colts of Ixdls and firing (jf pistols, creating a noise
that had neyef been liranded', n-riuld tackle resembling the irregular fire of a company of
the grain. The>" were urged to the work In- infantr\'.

the^ yelling of vaqueros and the cracking of j„ ^,;.^.,,. ^,,,„,^,,^ ,,^.,,^ ^ ^ ^ number of pic-
whips untd nothmg was left but the gram and ^„,,, ,,f ^j,^, .^^j^^, _,^,,,i ^ triumphal arch pro-
the chart. The difficult part was the separat f^,,^,i,- decorate<l with artificial flowers, while
'.■^S' °^ t^^^ ^"'"- '-'"''"■- \" *c length of the „„ a'holidav devoted lo some particular saint,
dry season there was no haste to ettect this. .,ft,., ^he performance of the mass, a picture
^^'^^e\"r<^^y^^<^nthe-.v,m\v.-a^h^i^h,n,,ui^hUie ,,f ^h,, s.anit deposited in the arch would be
tramp ed mass would be tossed int,, the a,r ,.,,r„.d out of the church on the shoulders of
with large wooden forks. T he wind would f.,ur men, followed bv the whole congregation
carrv away the chaff leaA.ng the heaNier gram „, ,i,„,,,,^. ^j^. ^^.j^i^ ^- j^..^^.^^ .^^ ^|^^ j^^^^,- ,,_,,.^,.
on the groun.l.^ AVith a favorable breeze sev- j„ ,,,,„,, 'p,^^, procession wouul march all
eral bushels ot \N-heat could be winnowed m around town and at every few rods the par-
a day. Strange as it may aripear it is claimed ticipants would kneel on the groun.l while
that gram so sifted was much cleaner than ,s the priest rea.l a i^raver or pcrfr.rmed s,)me
the wheat ot to.lay. religious ceremony. After the circuit of the
Early Government town ha<I been made, the procession returned
The government of the native Calif<,rnian ^" *'^^' '^]''"-\ ^^''^.h the termination of these
was as 'primitive as the ].cop]e. There were ^-^■'-ei'T'iTc's the natives gave themselves over
neither law l.o.,ks nor lawA-ers, wliile laws ^o pleasure, engaging m horse racing, cock-
were mo^tlv to be f(.und in 'the traditions ,;f ^^^^''^^- rt^'icing and other forms ot merry-
the people.' The head offfcer in each village '':^\'"'^- -'^ lavonte amusement ot these fes-
or toxvn Avas the alcalde, m whom was vested !''"'''/^ "''''^ ^",\ th""ty or torty men on horse-
the judical function. r)n the enactment ..f a ^''"~~^'] .?^'"erally two and sometimes three on
new law a manuscript co].^-, called the l)ando, ''"^ '^"''"^V Y''*'' ^''^"' --"'^ars, to i.arade the
was sent around bv a person beating a snare *"'''"■ ^''"""' '^'"'"f. ^;^Pering and kee]nng time
<lrum. This was tlie signal for the assembling ^" the music which was accompanied with
of the people at the alcalde's office where the ■■'"^•"■^- J^'-'si'lences an<l places of business were
act was read and forthwith had the force of ^'sited and it wos considered no breach of
law. When a native had cause for acticju 'lecorum for the mounted men to ride into
against another he went to the alcalde, stated stores and dwellings.

his case and asked that the delendant be sum- Sr)me rif the religious ceremonies \\'ere ,gro-

moned. ' )n making his ajipearance the de- tesque and amusing, the personification of

fendant was asked Avhat he had to say about "The Wise Men of the East" being of this

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COLINTY

41

character. At tlic date ajjrced upon for tlie an-
niversary of the visit of the \Visc Men to Beth-
lehem, se\en or eij;ht men ^vollkl be found
dressed in most fantastic st\les and on their
way to find the infant Savior. They went
from house to house and were always accom-
panied by one representing the devil and
garbed like a Franciscan friar. He carried a
rosary of beads and a cross and a long rawhide
whip and woe to the man who came within
reach of that whip — it was far from fun for
him but \ery amusing tt) the rest of the
com])an)-. The chief of these ceremonies was
the punishment of Judas for the betrayal of
his blaster. On the reputed anniversary of
this e\ent, after the people had retired to rest
a companv would go out and prepare for the
ceremonies. ..V cart was procured and placed
in the puldic square in front of the church.
Against the cart ^\•as placed an efligy of Jiidas
made b\' stufling an lAd suit of clothes ^\'ith
straw. The houses were then visited and a
collection of pots, pans, kettles, dishes and
farming implem'ents was assembled and piled
around the effig}' to represent Judas' worldly
effects. Then the last will and testament of
Judas had to he prepared, the work being
gi\-en to the l)est scril)e and the greatest wit
in the community. FA'ery article of property
had to be disposed of and sometjiing like an
equal distribution made, each request being
accompanied by some very pointed and witty
reason for the donation. Among a more sen-
siti\-e ])eople some of these reasons would be
regarded as libelous. The will, ^^■hen com-
pleted and properl}- attested, was posted on
a bulletin board near the effigy and the night's
\\-ork was over. As soon as it was sufliciently
light the entire population, men, women and
children, congregated to see Judas and 'his
^vealth and to hear, read and discuss the
merits of the will and the appropriateness of
its pro\-isions. Nothing else was talked of,
nothing else was thought of until the church
bell summoned them to mass, after which a
wild, un1)roken mare was procured, on the
back of which Judas was firmly strapped. A
string of firecrackers was then tied to her
tail, they were lighted, the animal \vas turned
loose and the ultimate fate of the figurative
Judas was not unlike that of his perfidious
prototype.

The native Californians were a temperate
people, intr)xication lieing almost unknown,
Init there was one vice common to all, namely
the passion of gaml:)ling. Their favorite game
was monte, probably the first of all banking
games. So passionately were they addicted to
this that on a Sunday about the church, while
the women were inside and the priest at the

altar, crowds of men woidd have their blan-
kets spread upon the ground witli their cards
and mone\', ])laying monte. They seemed to
ha\e no idea that gambling \\as a sin. This
predilection was earl\' disco\ercd liy tlie
Americans, who s(jon established Ijanks and
carried on games. The passion soon became
so de\'elo|>e<l that the natixes wouhl bet and
lose their horses and cattle, wdiile to ])rocure
monev to gratifx' this urge the}' \\-oulil bor-
row from the Americans, paying tweUe and
one half per cent interest per day; and they
Avould mortgage and sell land and stock,
sometimes their wi\'es' chithing, to ol)tain the
wdierewithal to play.

Before lea\ing these jieople mention should
be made of their bull and bear fights. Sunday
or some prominent holiday A\'as generally
chosen for the holding of these e-xhi]jiti(jns,
to prepare for wdiich a large corral was erect-
ed in the plaza in frfmt of the church. In the
afternoon after divine service, twri or three
good bulls (if a bull fight was in order)
would be caught and drixen into the enclos-
lu'e. If there is anything that will make a 1)ull
furious it is the sight of a red blanket. Sur-
rounded hv the entire po]")ulation, the fighters
\\-ould enter the arena, each with a red blan-
ket in one hand and a knife in the other. They
would flaunt the blankets before the infuriat-
ed beasts, with knives ready for defense or as-
sault. A bull would dash at its eneni}-, wdio
\\'ith a dexterous side spring would eva<le the
onslaught, allowing the animal to strike the
Idanket and permit a quick slasli with the
knife. Whoexer by his quickness could stick
a knife into a Ijull's neck, severing the spinal
cord, receix-ed the plaudits of the admiring
throng. The interest taken in these exhibi-
tions was intense. The killing or wounding
rif a bull-fighter only added zest to the sport.

AMien a grizzly bear could be procured the
fight Avas then between bull and l3ear. Both
were taken into the corral, each being made
fast to the opposite end of a rope of sufficient
length to ]")ermit free action and then left
alone. The first move xvas usuall}' made by
the bull in an attempt to part company with
the bear, A\dio, as a result, received the first
"knock down." On finding that he cr.uld not
get clear of bruin, the bull then charged, but
was met half-waA'. The fight was intensely
interesting to the spectators, and was keot
U]1 until one or the other was killed, or both
refused to continue the combat. As a rule
the bull was victorious. This custom of bull
and bear fighting was continued until 1854
when the Legislature interposed by an "Act
to prevent noisy and barbarous amusements
(tn the Sabbath."

42

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

The late Judge R. F. Peckham, one of the
pioneer lawyers of Santa Clara County, often
narrated the following incident m regard to
this Legislative act. Shortly after it 1:)ecame
a law great preparations were made for having
a bull-fight, on the Sabbath as usual, at the old
Mission of v^an Juan Bautista at the southern
end of the Santa Clara Vallev. The ])romot-
ers were notified by the officers of the exis-
tence of the new law and told that they must
desist from the undertaking. Dr. Wiggins, a
mission pioneer i.A 1842, was then residing at
San Juan. He spoke Spanish fluently and
was looked upon by the native Californians as
a good friend. Pie never smiled nor appeared
to jest, yet he Avas one of the greatest of the
tale-tellers, jokers and punsters on the Pacific
slojie. In their perplexity over the new law,
the Californians took counsel with the Doctor.
He examined the title of the act with great
serir)usness and wisdom. "Go on with your
fight," v\as the Doctor's advice, "they can do
nothing with you. This is an Act to prevent
noisy and barbarous amusements on the Sab-
bath. If they arrest 3'ou there will be a trial
by jury of Americans. To convict, the ])ro-
secution must find three things, first that a
bull fight is noisy. This they will find against
3'uu. Second, that it is barbarous. This also
they will find against you, but an American
jury will never find that it is an amusement
of Christ's time. Go on with your bull
fights." They did go on and were arrested
to find that the Doctor had been jesting.
They were sentenced, each to pay a fine, and
this was the last of the bull-fights in Cali-
fornia.

First American Settlers

The first enumeration of the inhabitants of
the pueblo of San Jose was taken in 1831 and
showed 166 men, 145 women, 103 boys and
110 girls, making a total of 524. Overland
travel to California did not commence until
the forties. The first foreigner to locate in
this valley was John Gilroy, who was a sailor
on board a vessel belonging to the Hudson
Bay Company that touched at Monterey in
1814. He was a Scotchman and the causes for
his abandoning his ship are differently stated.
One report \^•as that he had a quarrel with
one of the officers and deserted, while it is just
as positively stated that he had a severe attack
of scurvy and was left on shore to be cured.
However that nright ha\'e been it is well
authenticated that in the same year, he toimd
his way into the Santa Clara Valley, locating
at San Ysidro, afterward named Gilroy. He
was hospitably entertained and finally married
into the wealthv familv of the (?)rtegas. He

was a man of great force of character and
accumulated a large propert}^ in lands and
cattle but died poor in 1869.

In 1818 there came to San Jose a man
whose name is historic in this community,
Don Antonio Sunol. He was a native of Bar-
celona, Spain, but had served in the French
navv under the First Empire. He was an
officer of distinction and was present when
Najioleon surrendered after Waterloo. He
then sought the New World and settled in
Santa Clara Valley where Ire achieved dis-
tinction, wealth and respect. He died in San
Jose in 1865.

The first citizen of the United States to set-
tle in Santa Clara Valley was Philip Doak.
He was a block and tackle maker employed on
a Avhaling vessel. Leaving salt water at
Monterev in 1822 he journeyed northward to
settle near Gilroy. Flis home was on the
ranch of Mariano Castro, one of whose
daughters he afterward married. Matthew
Fclldin came to the valley the same year and
located near San Ysidro, or old Gilroy as it
\\-as afterward called. Fellom was a Dane and
like Doak was a whaler. He left his vessel at
one of the northern ports and made his way
()\-erland tri the Santa Clara Vallev. He died
in 1873.

These are the only foreigners, of wdiich
there is record, who were living in the valley
up to 1830, if William AVillis, an Englishman,
is excepted. Lie was known to be in the
pueblo in 1828, but his subsequent history is
not known. It has been estimated that in
1830 there were not more than 100 foreigners
in the Avdiole of California. John Burton came
to San Jose in 1830. Lie was afterward al-
calde (if the pueblo. Harry Bee, who died in
San^Jose in 1897 as the oldest pioneer in the
county, came to the Valley in 1833. He had
been in the state seven years, having landed
at Monterey as an English sailor in 1827. He
was 1)orn in 1808 and during the Mexican
War acted as scout and courier for Commo-
dore Sloat. In the same year came William
Gulnac, James Alexander Forbes, James
Weekes, Nicolas Dodero, John Price, William
vSmith, George Ferguson, Thomas Pepper, a
man called "Blind Tom," William Welsh,
Charles Brown and "Moche Dan." Thomas
Ilrown and V'illiam Daily came in I834. Of
these several were prominent either in the
early days or in the later history of California,
(rulnac was for many years major domo at the
Mission of vSan Jose in yVlameda County. He
married a daughter of the Cesenas. Forbes
was vice-consul for Great Britain. Weekes
served as Alcalde in 1847. In 1838 Henry
Woods and Lawrence Carinichael arrived.

11IST()R\' ()K SANTA CF.ARA COUN'iA'

43

These people all eaiiie by vessel and chance
ileeidecl tlieir location. The)' affiliated with the
Spanish population, in inan\- cases marrying
inti_i their laniilies, and adopting, to a great ex-
tent, the Spanish customs and modes of living.
0\-erland tra\el commenced about 1841. Even
before this time settlements had been made in
Oregon, and that country was much better
known than California. I'or this reason, and
because California was a foreign countr)-, all
the overland trains were pointed to Oregon.
Some of these trams having reached the Sier-
ras and hearing something of California, came
here instead. In 1S41 Josiah Belden, Charles
}i[. AA'eber and Grove C. Cook came overland,
as did Henry Pitts, Peter Springer, William
AA'iggins and James Rock. In 1843 Major S. J.
Hensley, Julius Martin, Thr)mas J. Shadden
and A\'inston llennett made the trip across the
jilains. The advent of this party was an im-
portant incident, as with it came three women,
wives of Martin, Shadden and Bennett, the
tirst foreign women to settle in this district.
In 1844 came the Murph}^ party and Captain
Stephens. The ^Murphy party consisted of
}>Iartin Murph}-, Sr., his wife, five sons and
two daughters ; James Miller, afterwards an
honored resident of IMarin County ; Dr. John
Townsend and wife, Moses Schallenberger,
father of Margaret Schallenberger McNaught,
now State Commissioner of Education ; Jo-
seph Foster, Mr. Hitchcock and family ;
Thomas Hudson, Clemente Columbet and
Alartin Corcoran. Dr. Townsend and his wife
died of cholera in 1850; and Martin Murphy,
Sr., passed a\^-ay in 1865. In 1845 Erank
Lightston, J. "W'ashburn, William O'Connor,
W. C. Wilson, John Daubenbiss and James
Stokes came to the county. In 1846 the ar-
rivals were Isaac Branham, Jacob D. Hoppe,
Charles White, Joseph Aram, Zachariah Jones,
James E. Reed, George Donner and his two
sisters : Arthur Caldwell, William Daniels,
Samuel Young, A. A. Hecox, William Haun,
William Eisher, Edward Pyle and their fam-
ilies; Wesley Hoover and John W. Whisman
and wives ; William and Thomas Campbell
and their families; Peter Quincy and family;
Thomas Kell, Thomas West and four sons;
John Snyder, S. R. Moultrie, William J. Parr,
Joseph A. Lard, Mrs. W. H. Lowe, Mrs. E.
Markham, L. C. Young, R. J. Young, M. D.
Young, S. C. Young, Samuel O. Broughton,
R. E. Peckham, Z. Rochon, Joseph Stillwell,
George Cross, Ramon S. Cesena, M. Hollo-
way, Edward Johnson, Mrs. Martha J. Lewis
and James Enright. Of course there were
many more arrivals but their names cannot be
obtained from the records and the personal
recollections of the pioneers who are living
at the present time.

The Donner Party

Nearh' all the surviving nieudiers rjf the
ill-fated Donner jiart}- located in San Jrise and
vicinity. The terril)le experiences of that
])arty are given in Tuthill's histor)' of Califor-
nia, from \\'hich we quote: "< )f the os'erland
emigration to California in 1846 about eighty
\\'agons t(")ok a new route, from Eort Bridger
around the south end of Great v^alt Lake. The
pioneers of the party arrived in goorl season
over the mountains, but Mr. Reed's and Mr.
Donner's companies opened a new route
through the desert, lost a month's time by
their explorations and reached the foot of the
Truckee Pass, in the Sierras, on October 31,
instead of the first as intended. The snow be-
gan to fall two or three weeks earlier than
usual that year and was already so piled up
in the pass that they could not prriceed. They
attempted it repeatedly but were as often
forced to return. One party built their cab-
ins near Truckee, afterward Donner Lake,
killed their cattle and went into winter C[uar-
ters. The other (Donner's party), still be-
lieved they could thread the pass anrl so failed
to build their cabins before more snow came
and buried their cattle alive. Of course they
\'\-ere soon destitute of food, for they could not
tell where the cattle were buried and there
was no hope of game on a desert so piled with
snow that nothing without wings could move.
The number of those who were thus storm-
stayed at the very threshold of a land whose
winters are one long spring, was eighty, of
whom thirty were women and children. The
Mr. Donner who had charge of one company
was a native of Illinois, sixty 3-ears of age and
a man of high respectability and abundant
means. His wife was a woman of education
and refinement and much younger than he.

"During November it snowed thirteen days ;
during December and January, eight days
each. Much of the time the tops of the cab-
ins were below the snow level. It was six
weeks after the halt was made that a party of
fifteen, including five women and two Indians,
who acted as guides, set out on snow shoes to
cross the mountains and give notice to the
people of California settlements of the condi-
tion of their friends. At first the snow was so
light and feathery that even with snow shoes
they sank nearly a foot at every step. On the
second day they crossed the 'divide,' finding
the snow at the summit twelve feet deep.
Pushing forward with the courage of despair
they made from four to eight miles a day.

"Within a week they were entirely out of
provisions, and three of them, succumbing to
cold, weariness and starvation, had died. Then
a heavy snow storm came on which com-

44

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

pelled them to lie still, iDuried Iseneath their
blankets under the snow for thirty-six hours.
Ry evening of the tenth day three more had
(lied and the living had been four days with-
out food. The horrid alternative was accept-
ed— they took flesh from the bones of their
dead, remained in camp two days to dry it and
then pushed on.

"On New Year's, the sixteenth day since
leaving Truckee Lake, they ^vere toiling up a
steep mountain. Their feet were frozen.
Every step was marked with blood. C)n the
second of January their food again gave out.
On the third day they had nothing to eat but
the strings of their snow shoes. On the fourth
the Indians deserted, suspicious that they
might lie sacrificed for food. On the fifth one
of the party shot a deer and that day there ^vas
another death. Soon after three others died
and ever}' death served to ])rolong the exist-
ence ("if the survivors. (Jn the scN'enth all but
one gave out, concluding that their wander-
ings were useless. This one, guided ]>y tAvo
friendl}- Indians dragged himself on until he
reached a settlement on Bear River, By mid-
night the settlers had found and were treating
with all Christian kindness wdiat remained of
the little companv that after a month C)f most
terrible sufferings, had halted to die.

"The storv that tliere were emigrants per-^
ishing on the other side oi the snowy barrier
ran s\\'iftlv down the Sacramento Valley to
New Heh'etia, and Captain Sutter, at his own
expense, fitted out an ex])editir)n of men and
of mules laden AA'ith pro\-isions. to cross the
mountains and rclie\'e them. The storA* ran
to San Francisco and the pco|)le, rallying in
public meeting, raised $1500 and A\-ith it
fitted out another expedition. The na\-ai
commandant of the i)ort fitted out others.

"The first of the relief parties reached
Truckee I^ake on the nineteenth of February.
Ten of the people in the nearest camp Avere
dead. For four da}'s those still ali\'e had fed
on bullocks' hides. ,\t Donner's camp juit one
hide remained. The visitors left a small sup-
ply of ]jrovisions with the t\vent}'-nine \\'hom
thev could not take Avith them and started
back A\ith the remainder. Four of the chil-
dren they carried on their liacks.

"Another of the relief parties reached the
lake about the first of IMarch. They at once
started back A\"ith seventeen of the sufferers,
Ijut a hea\ }- snow storm o\"ertaking them, they
left all, except three of the children, on the
road. Another part}' went after those left on
the wav, found three of them dead and the rest
sustaining life by eating the flesh of the dead.

"The last relief jiarty reached Donner's
camp late in April when the snows had melted

so much that the earth appeared in spots. The
main calkin was empty, but some miles distant
thcA' found the last survivor of all lying on the
cabin floor smoking a pipe. He was ferocious
in aspect, savage and repulsive in manner. His
camp kettle was over the fire and in it his meal
of human flesh preparing. The stripped bones
of his fellow suft'erers lay around him. He re-
fused to return with the party and only con-
sented A\'hen he saw there was no escape. Mrs.
Jacob F)onner was the last to die. Her hus-
Ijand's body \A'as found at his tent. Circum-
stances led to the suspicion that the survivor
had killed ?ilrs. Donner for the flesh and
money, and A\dien he was threatened with
hanging he produced $500, Ax-hich he had prob-
ably appropriated from her store."

ManA' books have lieen Avritten on the sub-
ject, no two giving the same facts. (3ne of the
most interestuTg accounts is that of James F.
Reed, who for years Avas one of the prominent
and ref)Utable citizens of San Jose. He left
S]">ringfield, 111., in the middle of 18-1-6 and Avas
accompanied b}' Cjcorge and Jacofi Donner and
their families. Ceorge Dcmner Avas elected
captain. .Vt Fort Bridger, AA'illiam ]\IcCutch-
en, Avife and family joined the party. I^eaA'ing
the fort they unfortunately took a ncA\'
route, and had many A'icissitudes, not the least
lieing the loss of cattle. ( )ther A\-ould-be set-
tlers joined them lieforc they reached Cali-
fornia. The narrati\"e noAv continues in !Mr.
Reed's OA\-n Avords :

"After crossing the desert it became known
that Some families had not entiugh proA'isions
to carr_A' them through. As a memlier of the
coni])a!iA' I adA'ised them to make an estimate
of the ],iroA'isions on hand and Avhat amount
each tamily AA'ould need. After receiAung the
estimate I then suggested that if two gentle-
men of the company Avould A'oluntecr to go in
adA'ance to vSutter's Fort, near Sacramento, I
Ax'ould Avrite a letter to the ca|)tain for the
Avhole amount of provisions Avanted, also stat-
ing that I Ax'ould Ijccome personally responsi-
lile to him for the amount. I thought that
from the generous character of Captain Sutter
the provisions Avould he sent. ]\Ir. McCutch-
en came forward and said that if thev Avonld
take c'are ijf his familA' he Avould go. This the
compauA' agreed to. Mr, Stanton, a single
man, A'olunteered to go AA'ith McCutchen if
they Avould furnish him Avith a horse. Mc-
Cutchen, having a horse and mule, generous-
ly gave the mule. Taking blankets and pro-
A isions, the two men started for California.
After their leaving us Ave traveled for Aveeks,
none of us knowing how far Ave Avcre from
California and soon all ftecame anxious to
know Avhat had become of McCutchen and

■|11ST(^RY OF SANTy\ CI.ARA COUNTY

45

Stanton. It was now snggcsted that I go in
advance to California and hurrv np the sup-
plies. This \\-as agreed to and 1 started, tak-
ings -with me three days' provisious, expecting
to kill game on the way. The Messrs. Don-
ner were two da)s in aih'ance of the party
when I oN-ertook them. With George Donner
there \\'as a young man named Walter Her-
ren, who joined me. With all the economy I
could use our provisions gave out in a few
da)'s, so I supplied our ^^■ants by shooting wild
geese and other game. The day after I was
joined by Herren I proposed, as I had the only
horse, that he would ride half the time. The
proposition was joj'fully accepted. Soon no
game was to be seen, hunger l)egan to be felt
and for days W'e traveled without hope or help.
A\'e reached the Sierra Nevada Mountains. I
lielieved I could have made a stop here, hunted
and found game. But as this would have de-
laved our progress and success might not have
rewarded my hunting efforts, I kept on. The
second dav before we found relief Harren
wanted to kill the horse. I persuaded him
from the deed, promising if relief did not come
soon I A\-oul(l kill the horse myself. Soon
afterward he became delirious. That afternoon
I found a 1)ean and gave it to him and then
never was road examined more closel}^ than
this one. We found in all five beans. Her-
ren's share was three of them. We camped
that night in a patch of grass a short distance
off the road. Next morning after traveling a
few miles we saw some deserted wagons.

"We soon reached and ransacked the wag-
ons, hoping to find something to eat, but found
nothing. Taking the tar bucket that was
hanging under one of the wagons I scraped
the tar'oft' and found a streak of rancid tallow
at the bottom. I remember well that when i
announced Avhat I had found, Herren, who
was sitting on a rock near by, got up halloo-
ing with all the strength he had and came to
me. I handed the tar paddle to him. It had
on it some of the tallow about the size of a
walnut. This he swallowed without giving it
a smell. I then took a piece myself but it
w-as very respulsive. Herren craved more and
I gave him another piece. Still wanting more,
I positively refused, stating that it would kill
him. After leaving the w^agons, probably fifty
yards, I became deadly sick and blind. In
resting myself against a rock I leaned my
head on the muzzle of my gun. Herren,
seeing my condition came to me and said, 'My
God, Mr. Reed, are you dying?' After resting
a few minutes I recovered, much to his joy.

"The wagons were within a short distance
of the steep hill going down into Bear Valley.
After descending the first steep pitch I dis-

covered wagons in the valley below us. Tler-
ren,' said 1, 'there are wagons in the valley.'
When he saw them he gave vent to his joy,
hallooing at the top of his voice, but on ac-
count of \s'eakness he could not have been
heard ten rods off. On reaching the wagons
we found several families of emigrants wdio
supplied us with ])read. I here met Mr. Stan-
ton, with two Indians, on his return to the
company with provisions supplied by Captain
Sutter. Next morning Stanton started for the
company and I went on to Sutter's Fort."

At the Fort Reed found McCutchen, who
had been prevented by illness from accom-
pan3ang Stanton. Captain vSutter furnished
horses and saddles with ^\duch to bring the
women and children out of the mountains.
The expedition failed on account of the snow
which at some points was eighteen feet deep.
The part}^ returned for more help, l)ut, unfor-
tunatel)s the Mexican war was on and every
able-bodied man was away. At Captain Sut-
ter's suggestion Mr. Reed went to San Fran-
cisco to see if he could not procure help there.
He was compelled to make the journey by
land and reached San Jose when it Avas in a
state of siege. Arrived at San Francisco, a
public meeting AA'as held and relief parties fit-
ted out. Mr. Reed and Mr. McCutchen ac-
companied the first of these, which went by
the river. On the route he met his Avife and
children rescued by a relief part)^ that had
gone ahead of them. He only stopped a few
minutes for greetings and then pushed on to
the relief of the other sufferers whom they
reached about the middle of the next day.

The first camp was that of Mr. Breen. Mr.
Reed says : "If we left anj^ provisions here it
was a small amount, he and his family not be-
ing in want. We then proceeded to the camp
of Mrs. Murph}', Avhere Kessburg and some
children were. Here we left provisions and
one of our compan}' to cook for and attend to
them. From here we visited the camp of Mrs.
Graves, some distance further east. A num-
ber of the relief party remained here, while
Messrs. Miller, McCutchen, another and my-
self proceeded to the Donner camp. AVe
found Mrs. Jacob Donner in a feeble condi-
tion. She died after we left. Her husband
had died early in the winter. We removed
the tent and placed it in a more comfortable
position. I then visited the tent of George
Donner close by and found him and his wife.
He was helpless. Their children and two ot
Jacob's had come out with the party that went
ahead of us. I requested Mrs. Donner to come
with us, stating that I would leave a man to
take care of both George Donner and Mrs.
Jacob Donner. She positively refused, de-

46

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

daring that she Avoiild not leave her husliand
in his enleel")le(l cundition.

"We tciok the remaininq- three children of
Jacob Donner, lea\-ino- a man to take care of
the t\YO camps. Leaving all the pro\'isions we
could spare and expecting a jjart}' from Sut-
ter's Fcirt \vould he in in a few days, Ave re-
turned tC) the camp lA I\L's. Graves. Notice
was given in all the camps that A\'e would start
on our return to Sutter's earh^ next day. About
the middle of the day we started, taking with
us all who Avere able to travel."

The relief party that came after iVIr. Reed
did not reach the sufferers as soon as expected
and disasters occurred. The full details of the
suft'ering of the unfortunate party would fill a
Ijook. Each of the relief parties, especial!}-
that conducted Ijy Mr. Reed endured suff'er-
ings ecjual to those exj^erienced by the unfor-
tunates in the A\-inter camp. Llistory has nri
parallel to the heroism displayed by these peo-
ple in their eftVirts to rescue suffering relatives
and friends.

CHAPTER II.

Santa Clara County During the Mexican Rule — The Adventures of Captain
Fremont — Don Mariano Guadalupe 'Vallejo— Raising the Bear Flag —
■War "With Mexico Declared — The Capture of San Jose — Reminiscences
of the Strenuous Days of 1849 — The Discovery of Gold — Killing of Young
Pyle Local Government — Grandma Bascom's Story.

In 1836 a revolution broke out in jMexico
but it did not extend to California, though a
few of the Spanish settlers in San Jose left the
pueblo to take part in it. While the strife wa.s
progressing Governor Alvarado was appomted
to rule CaHfornia, an office which he held untd
1842 after the differences IjetAveen the oppos-
ing factions in Mexico had been satisfactorily
arranged.

The adjustment, however, created misun-
derstandings between the two highest officials
in the Department of California. The civil
and the military authorities could not agree.
Each one complained of the other to the Cen-
tral Government and General Micheltorena
was secretly dispatched north to settle the dif-
ferences between Governor Alvarado and Gen-
eral Vallejo by taking over the powers of
both On seeing the turn the affair had taken,
Alvarado and Vallejo laid aside their bicker-
ings to make common cause against Michel-
torena, whom they designated as an usurper.
Aided by General Castro they sought to drive
Micheltorena out of California. The trium-
virate proclaimed California independent and
declared war against the representative of
jMexico. General Micheltorena, having had
the gauge of battle thrown in his teeth, took
the field hoping to speedily end the insurrec-
tion. He advanced to within twelve miles of
San Jose and then finding that this portion of
the country was up in arms against him speed-
ily beat a retreat to San Juan Bautista. In.
spite of his defense, the insurgents captured

the town in XoAcmber, 18-14. From this bloA\'
Micheltorena never rallied and in February,
1845, he paid $11,000 for a passage on board
the bark Don Quixote, Captain Paty, his des-
tination being San Bias. On the termination
of the strife Don Pio Pico, brother of Don An-
tonio Pico, of San Jose, was elected governor
of California and Jose Castro was appointed
general of the military f(-)rces.

Captain Fremont Arrives

In the month of March, 1845, Brevet-Capt.
J<ihn Charles Fremont departed from W'ash-
mgton for the purpose of (organizing a third
expedition for the topfigrap'hical survey of
Oregon and California. He left Bent's Fort
in April, his force consisting of sixty-two men
among them Kit Carson and six Delaware In-
dians. Crossing the Sierra Nevadas in De-
cember they arrived at Sutter's Fort on the
10th of that month. After two days' stay
the compan)' left to search for a missing part'y
of explorers. Not l^eing able to find the men,
and having either lost or consumed most of
Ins horses and cattle Fremont determined to
retrace his steps to Sutter's Fort which he
reached January 15, 1846. On the seven-
teenth he with his men left the fort on a
launch for San Francisco. They arrived there
on the twentieth ; the twenty-first saw him
and Captain Hinckley sailing down the Bay
of San Francisco to the embarcadero at Al-
viso at the lower end of the Santa Clara Val-
ley. ( )n the twenty-second they proceeded

HISTORY OF SANTA CFARA COUNTY

47

to San Jose ^vhere T'remont recei\e(l word
that the missino- explorers were encamped on
the San Joaquin. At once two companies un-
der Kit Carson were dispatched to t^-uide the
men into tlie Santa Clara Valley. Fremont
and Hinckley, after ^■isitin,o- the New Almaden
mines, returned to San Francisco. On the
twenty-fotu'th Fremont was once more on the
move. He started from San Francisco, then
known as Yerlia I'uena, and on the morning-
of January 27. 1846, reached Monterey. In
compau)- with Thomas O. T^arkin, United
States Consid, Fremont called on General
Castro and stated the nljject of his iourne_v.
Fie ^^'as out of provisicins and asked that his
party be permitted to jiass unmolested througdi
the countr}-. 44ie reciuest was granted, A-er-
ballv, but wdien asked for the necessary' jier-
mit in \A-riting, the General excused himself,
said he was not Avell and that no further
assurance than his word was needed. A call
of the same nature was then made on Don
jManuel Castro, the prefect of the district,
the same statement made and the same verbal
permit was granted. Fremont received funds
and provisions from the consul and then made
all haste to San Jose wdiere he was joined
bv his band. Not finding here such stores as
were still needed he resolved to return to
Montere^'. A fortnight later he camped in
the Santa Clara Valley on Capt. William Fish-
er's ranch, the Laguna Seca. While here a
Mexican made his appearance and laid claim
to certain of Fremont's horses on the bold
statement that they had been stolen. Short-
ly after this, on February 20, Captain Fre-
mont received a simimons to appear before
the alcalde at San Jose to answer to a charge
of horse-stealing. Fremont send back the
folloAving reply :

"Camp Near Road to Santa Cruz,

February 21, 1846.

"Sir : I received your communication of the
20th, informing me that a complaint has been
lodged against me in your office for refusing
to deliver up certain animals of my band
which are claimed as having been stolen from
this vicinity about two months since, and that
the plaintiff further complains of having been
insulted in my camp. It can be proven on
oath by thirty men here present that the ani-
mals pointed out by the plaintiff have been
brought in my band from the United States
of North America. The insult of which he
complains, and which was authorized by my-
self, consisted in his being driven or ordered
to immediately leave camp. After having
been detected in endeavoring to obtain ani-
mals under false pretenses he should have
been well satisfied to escape without a se-

vere horse-\\'hipping. There are four animals
in mv band which were bartered from the
Tulare Indians bv a du'isiim of my party
which descended the San Joaquin Valley. I
was not then ])resent, and if an}' more legal
owners present themselves these sliall l)e im-
mediatel}' gu'en or delivered ui)on proving
propert}'. It may sa\'e 3^ou troul^le to inform
3'ou, that "with this exception, all the animals
in my band ha\'e been bought anrl paid for.
You \vill readih- understand that my duties
will not ]iermit me to appear before the mag-
istrates in 3'our towns on the complaint of
ever}' straggling A-agabond wdio mav chance
to visit ni}' cam]). You inform me that un-
less satisfaction be immediately made by the
deliverv of the animals in question, the com-
plaint will be forwarded t<"i the Go\'ernor. I
beg you will at the same time indrirse to His
Excellencv a copy of this note.

"I am, ver}' respectfully, A'our obedient
ser\'ant,

"J. C. Fremont, U. S. Army.

"To Senor Don Dolores Pachecrj,

Alcalde of San Jose."

From the Laguna Seca, Fremont moved
by easy marches in the direction of the Santa
Cruz Mountains Avhich he crossed about ten
miles from vSan Jose at the gap where the
Los Gatos Creek enters the Valley. On
March 1, he encamped on the rancho of Ed-
ward Petty Hartwell. While here he received,
late in the afternoon of the fifth a dispatch
from Don Manuel Castro, prefect of the dis-
trict, charging him with having entered the
towns and villages under his (the Prefect's)
jurisdiction in contempt of the law's of the
Mexican Government and ordering him out
of the country, else compulsory measures
would be taken to compel him to do so. On
receiAdng this communication Fremont did not
display much hesitancy in arriving at a con-
clusion. That evening he struck camp and
ascending Hawk's Peak, a rough looking
mountain on the Gabilan range, about thirty
miles from Monterey and 2,000 feet above
the level of the sea, commenced the construc-
tion of a rude fort. It was protected by felled
trees. Stripping one of the limbs he nailed
the Stars and Stripes at the top, forty feet
from the ground. The morning of the sixth
of March found him waiting for developments.

On the day that saw Fremont established on
Hawk's Peak, Castro sent the following letter
to the minister of Marine at the City of
Mexico :

"In my com-munication of the fifth ultimo
I announced to you the arrival of a captain
at the head of fifty men, who came, as he
said, by order of the government of the Unit-

48

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ed States to survey the limits of Oregon.
This person presented himself at my head-
quarters some days ago accompanied by two
individuals (Thomas 0. Larkin, U. S. consul,
and ^^'illiam A, Leidesdorff, vice-consul,) with
the object (if asking permission to ]3rocure
])rovisions fi;r his men \\diom he had left be-
hind in the mountains. The permission was
given, 1)ut two days ago, March 4, I was much
surprised on lieing informed that this person
was only tAvo days' journey from this ])lace
(Montere)- ). in consequence I immediateh'
sent him a communication ordering him, on
the instant of its recei])t, to put himself on the
march and lea\e the Department, Ijut I have
ncit recei\"ed an answer. In order to make him
ol)eA', 1 sent out a force to oliserve his o]iera-
tions and today, the sixth, I march in per-
son to join it and see that the o1)ject is at-
tained. The hurry with which I undertake mv
march does not ])ermit me to be more dif-
fuse ami I beg that >-ou will inform His Ex-
cellenc}', the Rresident, assuring him that not
only shall the national integrity of this partv
lie defended "with the enthusiasm of gocid
}ilcxicans, but those who intend to Aiolate it
will find an imjiregnable barrier in the a alor
and patriotism of e\"ery one of the Californians.
Receive the assurance of my respect, etc. God
and Libert}'."

In his hastily constructed fort, e\'er}- aAcnue
to wdiich was commanded I)}' the trusty rifles
of his men, h'reniont calndy awaited the si)ce(h'
vengeance promised \n the ccjmmunication of
the prefect. To carr_\- it out Don J(.)se had
sumnioneil a force of 200 men wdiich was
strengthened ])\' one or two cannon of small
calilier, Init nothing lieA'ond a demonstration
was attained. In the language of the late
General lve\ere (then Lieutenant) "Don lose
was rather in the humor (A that King of
France, \\lio with 20,001) men, marched u])
the hill and then marched down again."

Castro's next mo\-e was the concocting of an
epistle to Fremont, asking for a cessation of
hostilities and suggesting that thev join forces,
declare the countr}' independent and with their
allied armies march against Governor Pio I'ico,
wdio was then in Los Angeles. To John Gil-
ro}', an old Scotch settler, after wdi(jm Gil-
roy was named, was entrusted the deliver}- of
this i)iece of treachery. He reached Hawk's
Peak on the night of the tenth and found
the fort untenanted. Fremont had tired of
Avaiting for Castr(j to attack and had made a
forced march to the San Joaquin Valley. Gil-
roy, on his return, told of the retreat, which
so elated Castro that he at on.ce resolved to
attack the fort, which he was the first to en-
ter. Then he sat down i^n one of Fremont's
discarded pack saddles and penned a dispatch

to Monterey describing the glorious victory
he had gained and promising that his return
need not be looked for until his promise, long
ago given, had been fulfilled.

And so matters rested for a time. The
American settlers began to feel far from safe
and it was the consensus of opinion that no
time should lie lost in preparing for an emerg-
ency. Rumors were rife. Governor Pico
looked upon them with deep hatred, their ar-
rival and settlement was to him a source of
])oignant jealous\', wdiile his feeling inclined
him toAvard luigland, should the country ever
change hands. At a convention held in San
Juan Bautista to decide wdiich one of the
two nations. Great Pritain or the United
vStates, should guarantee protection tci Califor-
nia against all others, Pico is reported to have
said: "To \\diat a deploral)le conditirjn is our
Countr}' reduced. Mexico, professing to be
our mother and our protectress has given us
neither arms nor money, nor the material of
war for our defense. She is not likeh' to do
an}'tliing in our lielialf, although she is cjuite
\villing to afflict us \\-ith her extortionate
minions who come here in the guise of sol-
diers and ci\il olffcers tc) harass and oppress
our people. . . . f-'erhaps \\'hat I am about
to suggest may seem faint-hearted and dis-
hoiioralile frnt to me it does not seem S(_i. It
is the last hope of a feeble i:ieople, struggling
against a tyrannical go\ernment A\'hich claims
their submission at home and who are threat-
ened 1)}' a band of aA'aricious strangers fr(mi
^\'ithout, to A'oluntarily connect themseh'es
witli a [Kiwer aljle and willing to defend and
preser\'e them. It is the right and duty of
the \\'eak to demand support from the strong.
proN'ided the demand be made ui)on terms
just to both iiarties. Is it not better to con-
.nect ourseK'es with one of the powerful Euro-
]iean nations than to struggle against hope
as we are doing mnv? Is it not better that one
of them should send a fleet and an army to
defend and protect California rather than that
we should fall an easy ])rey to the lawdess
adxenturers who are overrunning our beau-
li^ful country? I pronounce for annexation to
France or England and the people of Cali-
fornia will never regret having taken my ad-
vice. Then may our people go quietly to their
ranches and live there as of yore, leading a
thoughtless and merry life, untroubled by poli-
tics or the cares of state, sure of wdiat is their
own and safe from the incursions of the Yan-
kees who would soon be forced to retreat into
their own country."

Don Mariano Guadalupe 'Vallejo

But at this moment California found a man
whose views were more enlightened than
those of the rulers of his country. As a pa-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

49

triot he could not silently witness the land of
his birth sold to any monarchy, however old,
and he rightl)- judLjcd that aithou,t;li foreign
protection miglu postpone it cciuld not avert
that assumption df pciwer which was l)eij;in-
ning to make itself felt. Possessed at "the
time of no political power and having had but
few early ad\antages, still his pLisition was st>
high and his character so highh' respected
liy l^oth the foreign and native poi)ulatic)n
that he had l>een in\-ited to participate in the
proceedings of the lunta. This man was Don
Alariano tuiadalnpe Walleju. Born in Cali-
fornia, he commenced his career in the army
as an ensign and in this humlile grade he ^■ol-
unteered tn cstaldish a colony on the north
side of the May of San Francisco for the |iro-
tectinn cif the frontier. He thoroughly sidi-
dued the hostile Indians of the region and laid
the foundation of a reputation for integrity,
■ judgment and aliiht}' unequaled ]'>y an)- of his
countrymen. .\lthough cpiite a young man
he had alread\' filled high offices and at this
time A\'as lixing on his estate in the \'icinity
of the town of Sonoma. He did not hesitate
to oppose the \'iews of I'ico and Castro, .\mong
other things he said: "I cannot, gentlemen,
coincide in oiiinion with the military and civic
functionaries \\lio ha\"e advocated the ces-
sion of our countr}- to France or England. It
is most true, that to rely any longer upcui
Mexico to govern and defend us would be idle
and absurd, it is also true that we possess
a noble country in every way calculated from
position and resources to become great and
powerful. F"or that reason I would not have
her a mere dependency upon a foreign mon-
archv, naturally alien, or at least indifferent
to our interests and welfare. E\'en could we
tolerate the idea of dejiendence ought we to
go to distant Europe for a master? What
possible svmpathy could exist between us and
a nation separated from us by two vast oceans?
But Avai\'ing this insuperable objection, how
could we endure to become under the do-
minion of a monarchy? We are republicans,
badly governed and badly situated as we are,
but stidl, in sentiment, republicans. All will
probablv agree with me that we ought at once
to rid ourselves of what may remain of Mex-
ican domination. Our position is so remote,
either by land or sea, that we are m no dan-
o-er from Mexican invasion. Why, then,
should we still hesitate to assert our independ-
ence? W'e have taken the first step by elect-
ing our own governor, but another remains to
be taken. I will mention it plainly and ration-

j^Uy it is annexation to the United States. In

contemplating this consummation of our des-
tiny I feel nothing but pleasure and I ask you
to share it. Discard old prejudices, disregard

old customs and prepare for the glorious
change wdiich awaits our country. Why
should we shrink from incorporating our-
seKes \\-ith the ha[)piest and freest nation in
the \vorld, destined soon to be the most weal-
thy and powerful? Why should we go abroad
for protection when this great nation is our
adjoining neiglibor? When we join our for-
tunes to hers we shall not liecome subjects
but fellow-citizens, ])ossessing all the rights
of the iK'ople of the L'nited States and chcjris-
ing our own federal and local rulers. We shall
lia\e a stable go\'ernment and just laws. Cali-
fornia ^vill grow str(jng and flourish and her
people \\"ill be prosperous, happy and free.
Look not, therefore, ^vith jealous}^ upon the
hard}' pioneers who scale our mountains and
culti\'ate our unoccupied i)lains, but rather
welcome them as brothers, who come to share
\vith us a common destiny."

Those A\dio listened to (^.eiieral Vallejo were
far liehind him in general knowdedge and in-
telligence. His arguments failed to carry con-
\dction tc) the greater number of his auditors,
but the bold j^osition taken l.i}" him was the
cause of the immediate adjournment of the
junta, no result ha\-ing been arri\'ed at con-
cerning the weighty question cm which the
Californians had .met t(i delifierate. On re-
tiring from the junta (Tcneral Vallejo em-
bodied the A'ieT.\'s he had expressed in a letter
to Don Pio Pico and reiterated his refusal to
])articipate in an\' action having for its end
the adoption of any protection other than that
of the L'nited States. In this letter he also
declared that he would never serve under any
government vdiich was prepared to surrender
California to a European power. He then re-
turned to his estate there to await the issue
of events.

Raising the Bear Flag

In the meantime circumstances tended to
keep General Castro moving. A large num-
ber of Americans, finding themselves numer-
icalh' too weak to contend against the natives,
but relying on accession to their strength in
the spring, determined to declare California
independent and free and raise a flag of their
own, which they did. The famous "Bear
Flag" was given to the breeze June 14, 1846,
in Sonoma on the pole which before had
floated the Mexican standard. The town was
captured and with it the commanding officer,
General Vallejo, Lieutenant Colonel Victor
Prudon, Captain Salvador Vallejo and Jacob
P. Liese, an American and the general's
■ brother-in-law. The news of the declaration
spread like wild-fire, both parties hurriedly
prepared for a conflict and while the Bear Flag
party guided their afliairs from Sonoma, Gen-

50

HISTORY OF SAXTA CLARA COUNTY

eral Jose Castrn, from his liea(l(|uarters at
Santa Clara, issued t\\'o proclamations. The}'
are cnridsitics in their wa}' and as such wurth}-
of reprciductii m here. The Ih'st fnllows:

"The Cdntemiitililc ]")i)liev eil the agents of
the United States of Xorth America in this
De])artmcnt, haA'c induced a portion of ad-
A'enturers, \Adii"i, regardless of the rights of
men, have daringh' commenced an invasion
])Ossessing themseh'es of the tuAvn ol Sonoma
and the mililar\' commander nf that bnrder.
Felliiw CdUntrymen: The defense of nur lih-
ert\', the true religion Avhich our fathers pos-
sessed and our inde])endence call upon us to
sacrifice oursel\"es rather than lose these in-
estinialtle blessings; banish from A'our hearts
all jietU' resentments, turn }'ou and behold
^-flurselves, these families, the innocent little
ones, Axdnich ha\"e unfortunate!)" fallen intc) the
hands cjf oiu" enemies, flragged from the bos-
oms (if their fathers, wdio are jtrisoners among
frireigners, a>id are calling uprm us to succor
them. There is still time for us to rise en
masse as irresistible as retributi\"e. Yon nee<l
not doubt that DiA'ine Pro^■iflence will direct
US in the A\-a}- to glor}-. ^'ou should not \acil-
late because rit the smallness of the garrison
of the general headcpiarters, for he whn will
first sacrifice himself A\'ill be A'our friend and
fellow citizen

JOSK CASTRO,

"Headquarters, Santa Clara, June 17, 1846."

The Second proclamation jiromises tc) jiro-
tect all .Vmericans who shall refrain from tak-
ing (lart in the revolutionarv mijAcments and
AA'inds up as follriws: "f^et the fortune of \var
take its chance with those luigratefid men,
Avho ^^dth arms in their hands have attacked
the country, \vithout recollecting tliey A\'ere
treated b}' the undersigned A\'ith all the indul-
gence of A\diich he is so characteristic. The in-
habitants of the Department are vdtnesses of
the truth of this. 1 have nothing to fear, m\'
dnt\' leads me to death or A'ictrirA'. I am a
Mexican soldier and I AA'ill l)e free and inde-
|)endent, or I \vill gladh' die for these inesti-
mable blessings."

As there A\'ere rumors afloat that General
Castro \\'as on his waA- \vith a large ]iartv of
^Mexicans, to attack the garrison at Sonoma,
Fremont, \\ath force augmented, hastened t(j
the relief of his compatriots. Fie arri\"ed at
Sonoma cm the morning (jf June 25, ha\ing
made fiirced marches. There he found that
Castro had not carried (">ut his threat, Init had
placid!}- remained near San Jose, carefully
guarded by his soldiers.

^\bout tliis time a small party intended for
ser\ice under the I'ear Flag, had Ijeen re-
cruited !iy Capt. Tliomas Fallon, then of Santa

Cruz, but afterward a long-time resident of
San Jose. This company, consisting of twenty-
two men, crossed the Santa Cruz Mountains,
entered the v^anta Clara Valley at night and
halted about three miles from San Jose at the
rancho of (n'o\-e C. Cookv Here Fallon learned
that Castro, A\'ith a force of 200 men, was close
at hand, ddiercfore, belie\dng discreticin to be
the better ])art of A-alor, he fell liack intc) the
mountains and there encam]ied.

At sunset on June 27. Castro, placing him-
self at the head of his arm}', marched C)Ut of
Santa Clar.a to chastise the Sonoma insurg-
ents. Fassing around the head cif San Fran-
cisc("i lia}- he reached the San Leandro Creek
from v hence he dispatched three men to re-
counoiter. The}' A\'ere to cross the bav in
boats. (Jn the water the}" A\'ere captured and
shot. As the}" did not return Castro, guessing
\\diat had hapi"iened and fearing a like fate for
himself, marched his compauA' hiack to Santa
Clara.

War With Mexico Declared

In the meantime great eA'ents had been oc-
curring without. The United States had de-
clared Awar against .Mexico, General Scott,
after a series of brilliant exploits, h-ad captured
the Cit}' of ^lexico and Comnioilore John
I )rake v^loat Avas ap|iroaching ^binterev. On
Jul}- 7, 184(3, Montere}- Avas taken and the
American flag hoisted oA'er the town. Tavo
da}'s later Flenr}- Pitts, courier for Commo-
dore Slo.at, rode into vSan Jose, and after an-
nouncing the triumph of American arms,
sought out (Teiieral Castro and deli-.'ered t(-) the
redfiubtalile Alexican warrior ComuKKhire
Sloat's commum'cati(jn. After reading it Cas-
tro, with mood}- brow, called <iut his men and
forming in line m front of the Juzgado, or Hall
of Justice on r\larket Street, shouted, "Monte-
re}- is taken b}- the Americans," and then ])ro-
ceeded to read the written words of the C(mi-
modore.

"To the inhabitants of California —
"The central troops of Mexico liaAui-ig com-
menced hostilities against the United States of
-Vmerica by invading its territory and attack-
ing the troops (if the LInited States stationed
on the north side of the Rio Grande, Avith a
force of 7, OCX) men under command of General
Arista, Avhich army was totally destroved and
all their artillery, baggage, etc., captured on
the 8th and 0th of May last l.y a force of 2,300
men under the command of General Taylor,
and the city of Matamoras taken and occu-
pied by the forces of the LInited States, and
the tAV(j nations being actually at war by this
transaction, I shall hoist the standard ('if the
United States at Monterey immediately and
shall carry it through Calif('irnia.

lllSToin; ()l' SANTA Cr.ARA CoL'X'lA' 51

"I declare In the iiilialiitaiils ni I'alifnrnia, cimtain, in jxissessimi of (he eIerL;"\- of Calil'(jr-

that althiiUL;'h I emne in aians with a powei'l'ul uia, shall eontinue in the simie riL;hl and pus-

te>rce. I do not come as an enenu' to California. session the^' now enjo\'.

I come as their best friend, as henceforth Cal- ";\11 ])ro\isions and supplies of e\erv' kind

ifnrnia will lie a portion of the United furnished hy tile inhaliitants for the irse of (he

States and its ])eaeealile inhaliitants will enjov United yStates ships and soldiers, will Ijc ]jaid

the same rii;hts and pri\ ile,L;"es tlu'\- now enjo)- for at fair rates, and no ]iri\-ate ]iroprrtv will

toj^-ether \\-ith the ])ri\ilet;'e of ehoosin<^- their he taken for puhlie use without just conipen-

own mat^'istrates and other oflicers for the ad- sation at the nujinent.

ministration of justice anions;- themseUes, and "J(')]IX D. Sf/Jy\T,

the same protection ^vill he exteniled to them •■Commander-in-Chief of the U. S. Naval

as to an_\- other state in the Union. They will Force in the r'acilic ( )eean."

^l^'.' ,^^"i:'>' ^, permanent K-"vernment under .pj^^. .eadint^ ,,f the fore-oino- concluded,

which hteamlproperty an.l the constitutional r.eiieral Castro ,s saul to have exclaimed,

right anu lawiul security to worship the Cre- ..^yhat can I do with a handful .,f men a-amst

ator mthe wav most eono-emal t, , each ,,ne's ^p^ p-^j^^,! States? I am -oing to Mexico,

sense ot duty, will he secure.l to which, nntor- _\p ^^.p„ ^,^_i .,^ t,, ^-,,p,,^^. „^^,^ ri-ht-ahont-faee.

tunately,_the Lentral (.overnment ot ^lexico .^p ^^_,^,,, ^^.j^,^ ^, , ,.^.„^,^„^ ^,,^„ y., , t,, tp^;^

cannot attord them,. lestroved, as her resources p„„es." Dnlv a verv few cliose to follow

'"-''f' ''>' internal tactions and corrupt othcers Castro into Mexico, whither he proceeded on

'''^'" ":<^'''^.te constant rcNolutions to pro- ^p^, followino- dav, first takin- ,,risoner,

'"'-'^ their own interests and oppress the Charles M. Weher, a merchant, and not releas-

people. Lnder the ila,- ot the United States „^^. p„,^ ^,„til Los Anoxdes was reached.
Ca litorma will he tree trom a 1 such troubles p- „ hearino- of Castro's de,,arture Captain

and expenses ; consequentl)-, the -country will py,^p„,^ ^^^^ his 'camp m the Santa Cruz Monn-

rapidly advance and improve, both m aoTieul- ^.^j,^,^ marched into San Jose, seized the ]uz-

tureandeommeree:as, of coui-se, the revenue ^.^,p, ^,^,| arrested Dolores Pacheco, the- al-

1''^"'* ^^''" '-"^^ the same m Lahtorn.a as ,n all '^.^^pi^ j_j^ ^,^^„,^.,1 Pacheco to surrender the

other parts ot the Lnited States, ailordino- j^.^.^ ^^^^^ ^^^,,.^j^^ archives as ^^-ell, and ap-

them all manufactures and produce ot the pohrted fames Stokes justice of the peace. On

United States free ot any duty, and tor all lor- j„i,. p^p^ p-j^^^.i ^„ American tla- r,n the

eigai o-,:,ods at one-quarter the duty they now -.^aff in front of the court house, the 'first flag

pay, A great increase m the value of real es- „t ^Pe Union to wave in Santa Clara eonntv.

tate and the products ot Calitornia may be ^ypp^ „, g^j, |„ee Fallon receiverl the folio '

w-

antici]3atecl. p^g. communications from Captain ^lontgom

'AA'ith the great interest and kind feelings erv, stationed at Yerlia Pmena ( San Fran-

I know the government and people of the cisco) :

United States possess to\vard the people of "U. S. Ship Portsmouth,

California, the country cannot but improve "Yerba Bnena, Julv 1,\ 1846

more ranidh' than anv other on the contineni ,.,-,. ^ , . . ' ' ' '

r \ ■ ' ' Sir: i haAC nist receu'ed vour etter with

ot America. . ^ ^ ' ,--,■'

,,...,,. . a copjA- ot AJr. lames Stokes apiiriintment as

_ "Such ot the inhabitants, whether native or ^^^^-^^ ,.,f ^p^ -^^^^ ^,j ^p^, ,^.p,,„, . ^,^,_, ^ ^y^^_

toreign, as may not be disposed to accept the p^^^ch from the commander-in-chief of the

hpgh privileges ot citizenship an<l to live peace- py s. Xaval Forces at Alonterev, f..r which I

ably under the government ot the United thank von. Bv the bearer of them I return a

States, will be all. .wed time t.;. . ispose ot then; ,p ,atc"h for Commodore SI.. at, which I hope

property and remove out ot the country, it ^._^, ^^.^p p^^^.^ ^^^ opportunity of forwar.ling to

the^- choose, without an)' restriction; or re- yIont^re^•

main m it observing strict neutrality. ' ..j received vour letter of juh- 1_^ an.l wrote

•AAdth full confidence in the honor and m- to vou, bv the bearer of it, ..n the P^th in an-

tegrity of the mhabitants of the country, I gwer advising vou bv all means to h..ist the

invite the judges, alcaldes and other civil of- flag of the United States at the Pueblo of St.

fleers to execute their functions as heretofore, Joseph (San Jose) as vou expressed to do. If

that the public tranquility be not disturbed, at "you had suflficient forc'e to maintain it there;

least, until the government of the territory can of course you understand that it is not again

be definitely arranged, to be hauled down

"All persons holding titles to real estate, or "Agreeable to v'our reqm^st I send you a

in cpiiet possession of lands under color oi proclamation, in both languages, from the

rio"ht, shall have these titles guaranteed to Commander-in-Chief, \\hich I shall be glad to

them'. All churches, and the property they have distributed as .far and generally as pes-

52

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

siblc ; and be pleased to assure all persons of
the most perfect security from injuries to their
persons Qr property, and endeavor by every
means in vour poAver to inspire them with
confidence in the existing authorities and gov-
ernment of the United States.
"I am, sir, vour ob't servant,

•• JOHN B. ^lONTGOr^lERY,
"Commanding U. S. Ship Portsmouth.
"To Capt. Thomas Fallon, Pueblo of St.
Joseph, Upper California."

"U. S. Ship Portsnrouth,
"Yerba Euena. July 18, 1846.
"Sir I have just received your letter with
the official dispatch from Commodore Sloat,
\\diich has been accidentally delayed one clay
in its transmission from the pueblo and am
much obliged to you for sending it to me.

"1 am gratified to hear that you have hoisted
the flag (")f our country and cannot but feel
assured, as I certainly hoi)e, that y(jur zealous
regard for its honor and glory will lead you
nobly to defend it there.

"I am, sir, A'our ob't servant,

"JOHN B. ]\IONTGOMERY,

"Commander.

"To Capt. Thomas Fallon at the Pueblo
San Jose, Uj^per California."

Before the arrival at Monterey of Commo-
dore Sloat it was believed in many quarters
that the English government had a covetous
e}-e c>n Calif(.>rnia. John Parrott, a prominent
citizen of San Francisco, was in Mexico in
the spring of 1846, and in a position to learn
something of P>ritish intentions. Ascertaining
that a movement Avas about to l3e made to hoist
the English flag over the capitol at Monterey,
he sent a courier to Commodore Sloat warn-
ing him that England was about to steal a
march on the United States. The commo-
dore immediately went to sea. He reached
Monterey Ba^-, and as has been related, hoist-
ed the American flag over the capitol on July
7, 1846. Admiral Seymour, of the British
navy, arrived soon afterward, but having no
authority to inaugurate hostilities with the
United States, was powerless.

The necessity of holding San Jose induced
Captain Montgomery to dispatch the purser
of the Portsmouth, Watmough, to the pueblo
with thirty-five marines, as soon as it was
learned that Fallon had gone south. He made
his headquarters at the Juzgado and strength-
ened his command by the enlistment of a few
volunteers. The tide of war, however, had
flowed southward, and with the exception of
a short expedition against the Indians of the
San Joaquin Valley, the. military operations

did not amount to much. Watmough return-
ed to his vessel in October.

At this time Commander Hull of the U. S.
sloop of war Warren, was in command of the
northern district of California and from him
issued commissions to Charles M. Weber as
captain and John M. Murphy as lieutenant of
a company to be enlisted in the land service
to ser\-e during the war. They raised a com-
panv of thirty and established headquarters
in an adobe building on the east side of what
is now known as Lightston Street. This com-
pany did good service in scouting the country
and preventing depredations by the straggling
remnants of Castro's command and in securing
sui)plies for the use of the troops.

About the time Weber and Murphy receiv-
ed their commissions a body of emigrants ar-
rived at Sutter's Fort where they were met by
Cai)tain Smith, of Fremont's Battalion, who
had been detailed as a recruiting officer.
Among the emigrants was Joseph Aram, wdio
afterwards became an honored resident of
Santa Clara Count)-. Aram immediately en-
listed and wtis appointed a captain. With his
volunteers he proceeded to escort the families
of the emigrants to Santa Clara where he
made his headrpiarters in Novemlier. The ac-
commodations AN'ere A'ery inadequate and the
season being a rough one, fourteen died before
Feliruarv and many more became seriously
ill. Ca])tain Aram had a force of thirty-one
men and hearing that a Colonel Sanchez with
a large force of mounted Mexicans was threat-
ening the Santa Clara Mission, he proceeded
tc) put it in as good a condition for defenses as .
his means woulfl permit. Wagons and even
branches cut from the trees on the Alameda
were used as barricades across the various
approaches.

At the time Captain Aram took possession
of the Alission, Captain Mervin of the U. S.
Navy sent Lieutenant Pinckney, of the Savan-
nah, and sixty men to reinforce AVeber and
Murphy at San J<ise. On the afternoon of
Novemlier 2, this force took possession of the
Juzgado and transformed it into a barracks,
entrenching the position by breastworks and
a ditch. Videttes were stationed on all the
roads and a sentinel was posted on the Guad-
alupe bridge. In addition to these precautions
Weber and Murphy's company were almost
continuall}' in the saddle, scouting the country
in all directions. This was absolutely neces-
sary as the Mexican Sanchez, with a large
force, was hovering around the valley picking
up stragglers and looking for a favorable op-
portunity for a sudden attack. At the same
time the Americans were anxious to meet
Sanchez on a fair field, but the Mexican's

inSTom- OF SANTA CT.ARA COUNTY

53

nio\ cnicnts were so erratic that he could not
be broug'ht to bay.

Ill the first days of September, Sanchez, by
means of an ambush, surprised and captured
Lieutenant AW A. Bartlett of the U. S. sloop
AN'arren. ^ l^artlett was then acting- as alcalde
At San iM-ancisco. He, with five men, were
out lookinj:;- for supplies of cattle and reached
a point near the Seventeen Mile House in
what is now San Mateo County, when San-
chez and his men dashed out from the brush
and made the Americans prisoners. Martin
Corcoran, afterwards a prominent resident of
San Jose, ^\■as ^\-ith the captured party. The
prisoners were taken to Sanchez camp among
the redwoods in the footl)ills of the Santa
Cruz Range. Word was liroug'ht to San Jose
that Sanchez \\'as somewhere in the northern
part of the valley and Weber and Murphy,
with their company, started out in pursuit.
After advancing a icw miles they learned that
Sanchez had received large accessions to his
force and was occupying a strong position in
the hills back of San Mateo. Captain AVeber's
little company being too small to render an
attack advisable, the march was continued to
San Francisco, where Weber reported to the
Commander.

As soon as A\>ber had passed on, Sanchez
came out of the hills and encamped on the Hig-
uera ranch, north of San Jose. Two days later
he started for the pueblo thinking he could
capture it without a fight as Weber's defenders
had gone. He to<ik up a position on the Alma-
den road, south of town and sent in a flag of
truce, demanding surrender and stating that
he had ^vith him two hundred men whose
eagerness for battle could with difficulty be
restrained ; but if the American forces would
leave San Jose the_v would be permitted to
depart unmolested. Lieutenant Pincknev re-
fused the offer, doubled his guards and pre-
pared for battle. That night was one of great
anxiety to the little band l)ehind the intrench-
ments on Market Street. Every one \\-as on
the alert and although each ner^■e ^\'as strung
to the utmost tension there A^-as no flinching.
During the night Sanchez circled round the
town and carefully inspected the position of
the Americans from ever}' point. When he
saw the preparations made for his reception,
his heart failed him and he rode ofT with his
command and went into camp about five miles
north of Santa Clara. He kept with him Lieu-
tenant Bartlett and his men. At that time J.
Alexander Forbes, the acting Jjritish Consul
was at Santa Clara. Taking a small English
flag in his hands, Mr. Forlies visited the camp
of Sanchez for the purpose of negotiating for
the release of the prisoners. Sanchez was will-
ing that Bartlett might go with Forbes, but

Would not Consent that Ijartlett should go to
the .Americans unless they would deliver tip
Ca]it. C. M. AVeber in his |)lace. F'orbes com-
municated this ])roposition to llie Commander
at v^an l''rancisco and pending a reply torik
P>artlett 1(] Santa Clara. AV^)rd came quickly
that Sancliez' proposition c(juld ncjt l)e enter-
tained and Bartlett was returned to the Mexi-
can camp.

During this time AA'eber's ffirce in San FVan-
cisco was joined In- other f(")rces, and placed
under the command of Ca])t. AA^ird Marstcm,
L. S. Marine Corps, of the Sa\-annah. The
composition <if this small arm}' was as fol-
lr)ws : Thirt\--fi lur marines commanded by
T^ieut. I-Joliert Tansell ; a si.x; pound ship's gun
and ten men commanrled li}' ^Master AVilliam
F. D. Gough, assisted b\' Midshipinan John
Kell ; the San jose A'olunteers, a b(Kly of
thirt\'-three mounted men nuder command C)f
Capt. Clias. M. A\'elK'r and Lieut. John M.
Mur])h}- \\-ith James F. l^eed, seeking relief for
the Donner party, as second lieutenant ; Verba
Ikiena A'olunteers under command of Capt.
AX'illiam F. Smith and a detachment of tweh'e
men under command of Cajit. J. ]Martin. The
whtile liirce numbered 101 men. They left
San l^^rancisco and on January 2, \H47, came
in sight of Sanchez' forces al)out four miles
north of Santa Clara. The Mexican force was
about 250 men but notwithstanding the odds
wert two to (me against them the Americans
ad\anced to the attack with confidence and
enthusiasm. Sanchez, ^vhose scouts had
brought him intelligence of the aproach of the
troops from San Francisco, first sent his pri-
soners toward the Santa Cruz Mountains and
then with great show of valor made ready for
battle. As soon as the Americans came in
sight of the enemy they ])ressed foward for
an attack. Sanchez fell back and the Ameri-
cans continued to advance. They brought
their one piece of artiller\' into p(.)sitic)n but
at the third round it -was dismounted by the
recoil and half buried in the mud. The infan-
try ho\\'ever, kept up a hot fire, whenever
the}" could get in range, ^xdiich owing to the
extreme caution of the Mexicans, was not
often. A good deal oi ground was thus tra-
versed until finally Sanchez made a strong
demonstration around the right flank of the
Americans, hoping b}- this maneu\er to cut
ofl^ and stam|)ede a large band of horses that
were in the charge of the United States troops.

The reports of the artiller}' and the volleys
of the musketry had aroused the people of the
Mission of Santa Clara. The}" ascended the
house tops to witness the battle. Capt. Aram,
with the men under his command wished to
join the conflict, l)ut as all the women and
children of the countrv were under American

54

HISTORY DF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

militar\- jirotectii m, Aram did iiDt feel at
liliert}- t(i aliamlrm them, especially as Sanchez
in his retrnrrrade mriAement, A\-as ap]-)roaching-
the Missinn. lint "when the Mexicans made
the demonstrati'in on the American rit;-ht, he
marched liis men Avitli sjieed tn attack v^an-
chez' rig-ht Axing". At the s;ime time, WAher
and ^hir])hA''s cnmitany char<;-ed, the ciimliined
fi"irces ilriNinL;' the ?\fexicans I'rrim the field and
toward the Santa Crnz ^lountains A\diile the
Americans marched in trinmph to the }ilissiiin.
Idle ?\le:-:u-an loss A\as four riien killed and
four wiiunded. ddie Americans had twn men
sli,t;-htl\' w'liunded.

Soon after Sanchez had keen dri\-en from
the field lie sent in td the Mission a Hag < if
truce iiffrrinL;' a ci mditii ^nal surrender. d'he
re]dA- was that the surrender must he uncondi-
tional. Sanchez rejdieil that he would die
rather than surrender except nn the conditions
jiroposed \>y him. At krst a cessatinn of hos-
tilities; was a'.^reed njion until such time as Ids
proposition cduld he stdmiitted to the Com-
mander iif the district at San Francisco.

During;" the arndstice and the da}- after the
kattle, Januar)' ,\ Cajit. Aram went to the
^lexican corral to look for some horses that
had keen stolen from the Americans. A\ hile
in the ]\lexican cam]) \\-ord was krouL^i'ht in
that another American force was adwancing
from the direction of the ^^anta Cruz Mount-
ains. Sanchez, Axdic) seemed in !_;Teat fear of an
attack, requested Cafit. Ar<am tri l;"("i out and
meet them and inform them of the armistice.
As no reinforcements A\'ere exjiected from that
direction Aram could nrit imag-ine wdiat this
force cciuld lie, hut he rode out to meet them,
ddie acting- Fritish C'rinsuk J. Alexander
Forbes, accompanied him. It seems that the
hope that England \\-oidd take a hand in the
affairs of California A\as not entirely al)an-
doned, for as I^ieutenant Alurphy stated.
Forbes carried A\-ith him, concealed under his
saddle, a sn-iall British flag, ]>resumahly for
the pin-pose of in\-(-iking tlie aid of the
strangers should theA' pro\-e to he Eng-lish.
Several of the n-ien in the escort saw the flag
and said afterAA'ard that had an attempt been
made to induce British interference, the bearer
of the flag wrnild nrit haA-e sur\-iA-ed to tell the
story of his ne.gotiations. As it happened,
hoAvcA^er, the ncAv party prc-jA'ed t(-j be a force
of fift}' nine men under command of Capt.
Maddijx of the LT. S. Na\-}-. They Avere disap-
jjointed to hear of the armistice but respected
its ccmditions. Three days after this event
a courier arriAed from San Francisco inform-
ing Capt. Marston that Sanchez' surrender
n-iiist be unconditi(mal.

( )n the next day, the 7th, Lieutenant Gra}'-
son arrived at the Alission with another rein-

forcement of fifteen men and on the 8th San-
chez uncondilionall}- surrendered his entire
force. His men were alkiwed to return to
their homes, which the m.'ijcjritA' of then-i did,
ti-i aftei-AA'ard become good citizens c)f the
Cnited St;ites. v^ancliez A\-as taken to vSan
I'rancisco and fijr a time was held prisoner of
war on board the Sa\'annah.

ddie battle of Santa Clara w-as the last of the
Iii-istilities m this count}-. The theater of Avar
Avas transferred to the south and no hostile
gun was afterward fired in the beautiful Val-
\ev of Santa Clara. I hit few months elapsed
after this engagement kiefore the soldiers C)n
both side.-^ were mingled together in the
friendliest kind of business and social re-
lations, 'kliis will not seem remarkable when
it is remeniliered that the inhaljitants of Cali-
foi-jiia had, for Aears, been dissatisfied Avith
their relations to the Alexican GoA-ernment.
ThcA- had criiitemplated a rcA-cilution and had,
in a manner, accomplished it Avhen they drove
2\Iicheltorena from the country. It is true they
had no lo\-e for the United States, but that
gr)\-ernment liaA'ing taken possession of the
count]-}-, tlie}- accejited the situation as being
much better than their former condition, al-
tliough not A\liat tlie\- liad hoped tc) achicA-e,
Idle ei|ual justice AA-hich was administered 1iy
the ^Xmencans soon reconciled them to their
lot and in a few }-ears they congratulated
tliemselves o\-er the fact that things Avere
much better than the}- had expecterl.

Hostilities between the United vStates and
Mexico ceased earl}- in 1S48 and on February
2nd of that }-ear the treaty of Guadalupe
Ilidalgcj was signed. B}- its terms California
A\-as cedeil to the contpierors. Idiis treatA' A\'as
ratified li}- the I'resident of the LTnited States
on Alarcli 16, A\-as exchanged at Oueretaro on
Ma}- ,iO, and w-as piroclaimed Ij}' the President
on |ul\- 4tli.

California was now the propertA' of the
L'nited States l)Ut had neither territorial nor
state organization. In fact it had no territor-
ial existence until 1849. During this time its af-
fairs w-ere administered by the senior military
officers stationed in California. These military
governors Avere : Commodore John D. Sloat,
July 7, 1846; Cornmodore Robert F. Stock-
ton, August 17, 1846; Col. John C, Fremont,
lanuarv 1847; Gen. Stephen W. Kearney,
":\Iarcli,1847; Col. Richard J',. Mason, May 31,
1847; Gen, I'.ennett Riley, April 13, 1849.

Capt. Thomas Fallon, \\-ho raised the first
American flag in the Santa Clara Valley, ac-
companied Fremont in the pursuit of Pio Pico.
After the Avar ended he took up his residence
in San Jose, erecting A\hat Avas then consid-
ered the finest mansion in the pueblo. It stood
on San Pedro Street at its junction with Avhat

lllST()k\- C)\' SANTA CI.ARA CoUN'IA' 55

'^ ""\\' >'^:iii Au!;-ustiiu- Street and extended 'I'lu' i^rain in llie liclds ^rew and rijiened, hut

''^^^"'■^ *" t-lialMdla AUex . The j^mnnds were wailed ni \ain inv tile i-eajier and was linally

spaenuis and were iilanted m I'rnit trees and wasteij nr de\ . iiireil liy tlie rn\ mi;- In i.i^'s. Each

tiowenn^- plants. Here the hMSjiitahle captain re]Mirl ni a rich liml intensilied the excitement

kept I'pen liimse lor years. Me had three wddle the nnnn.'riins sti)ries oi disa.ppointment

daui;hters l>y his hrst wile, a native of I\Iex- seemed not in alla\' the lescr. T(j\vn and

'*-""■ .''■^'■"-^. \^ ^'i"c' loiiked npi.n as the three C(innt>- were deserted, ddiere heint;' nu ernps

lieanties nl ihe pueMn. The (ddest, Anita, fnr lack' (it haiwestin^- all foiMl snjjplies w^ent

married J.ilin \\ Alalniie, who was a o-fadnate nj) to falmkins ]iiices. Tlic flniir nsed was

nt Santa idara Cnlk-.t^e and a la\v_\ er of stand- kron^ht chietl}' frMin Cdiile and s.ild I'nr twenty

ing- an.l akiluy. A\diile lie was deput}' district dollars a karrek JAerything' else m the way

attorney he was seizeil \\ath the stage fever. nl fooik except meat was iiri ijinrtii niatel}' high.

.Vkanduiiing the law he studied for the stage I.akor, when it eimld ke pr..cnred was from

and in the early ei.ghties made kis professional ten to eighteen dullars pier da}'. Tvtimker cost

delnit in San kraneisco ai)pearing as "Romeo" $1()(.) ])er thousand feet for hanling akme. For

to the "Inliet" ol ?\liss Fdeaiiur Callmun. a San two years the (midiis raised on akunt six acres

Jose girk who liad adupited tlie stage as a pro- nf <;r(innd wliere tlie Sontkcrn I'acilic depot

fessiun a.nd wlio is n.iw (k'JJl the wife of stands yielded a net prnlit nf $_'( l,(.)l H ) a }-ear.

J'rince l.a;:aroMtck nf Serkia. .Mak>ne starred 'pp^ tw.. most ];rominent towns in Cali-

several year., m the hast, and was secretary f,,,-,,;.^ ;„ ]S4,S were ^Aad.a kUiena (San I'ran-

ot the i-layers C Ink, Xew \ ork City wdien he eisc) and San |o.se. AVhen the gold dis-

died. His wife kecame an actress kefore his ...werv Avas made Charles E. AVhite was al-

death. Another of Captain Fallon's daughters calde'of San )ose and Idarry J'.ee, alguazil, or

married Aat j. I'.rittam, a pr(,ininent San Fran- sheriff. All the males, wit'h few- exceiitions,

CISCO elukman. In 1862 Fallon ran lor state joined the stampede, leaving kehind onlw the

senator on the F^enn.cratie ticket but was ;,P1 men and the women and children." On

keaten ky Josepli_ G. A\'allis, of ]\tayfield, l<.e- account of the favoraljle kncation and quietude

pukihcan. in k^67 he w^as the successful candi- ,,f the town men from iither settlements came

date for county treasurer, defeating Moody, to San lose, left their waves and families and

Repuldican, k_v- sixty-one votes. He held no then hurried off to the mines.

other important piihlic office, pj^^-j.^ g^^ ^p^^ p^^j ^^,-^dgj. pj^ ^,p,^,.o-e in the

Lieut. John .Al. Murphy, who was Captain ,.aia),oo'se ten prisoners (Indiansj,' two of

\\ekers_ second m command during hostili- u-h.nu were charged with murder. AVhen Al-

ties m .Santa Clara A alley diu-iiig the Alexi- ^,,^p,p ^ypj^^ announced his intention to leave

can war, was the son of Martm Murphy, Sr., j,,,. ^p^ ,,^,„^.,_ ,|.„-,.,. -^^ked him what disposi-

and alter the discovery ot g(,ld, went to the t„,„ ,,f ^p^ pi-is,,ners should be made. "Do

mines, taking with Tim a stock of .goods. He ...p^^t vou like with them," was the answer.

employed tlie Indians to prospect and dig for Harrv' considered awhile and at last came to

him and ])rokakly had luore g<dd m his pos- ^pg eonclusion that it would never do to leave

session than other miners ^on the coast. He ^p^ Indians m the pueblo with none but

was the hrst treasurer ot Santa Clara County ,v(>men and children about, for he, too, had

and was afterward elected recorder and then j^^^^jg ^,p pj^ ,„i„j ^^, ^^ ^o the mines. He

sheritl. His wile was A^irginia F. Reed, daugh- p„j^p,- determined to take the Indians along

ter ot James F Reed and one of the sur- ^^.^^p ' p,„, ^„j ,,.,tp p,, father-in-law and

vivors ot the ill-fated Donner party. Mur- , ,1 ■ 1 ^ ^ i ^ -d t 1 ■ ^i

, , , 1 , r TT- brotner-m-law started out. Before leaving the

phy has keen dead for man}- years. Hi
wddow died in Los Angeles Feljruary 15, 1921

lockup the Indians promised faithfully not to

Charles M. AVeker was a merchant in San escape and to serve Harry well m return for
Jose Avhere he formed his volunteer company which service they would, after a time, be re-
to defend the pueblo. He accjuired a large stored to liberty. The party located at Dry
tract of land in the county, raised thousands Diggings on the American River and for three
of cattle and died in San Joa(|uin County manv' months the Indians behaved splendidly. All
years ago. the dust they took out was given to their em-
Gold Is Discovered plover and thev seemed to care for nothinc

The discovery of gold in January, 1848,

except food and shelter. At the end of two

created the greatest excitement in San Jose, '"onths the miners thereabout began to talk

The ne\vs came after the grain crop had been to them about the shabby way in which they

planted. All business was suspended and were treated, telling them that they were un-

everybody rushed to the mines. Many sue- <ler no restraint, that the gold they took out

ceed'ed in obtaining a good supply of the prec- was their own property and wound up by

ious metal, but many more did not succeed, giving them the curse of the aborigine, "fire

56 HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

water." Harrv soon noticed a chansje in their l)ovs on tlie ranch. Durins? the play one of
manner and as he had cleaned up a" g-ood pile the lioy,s named Valencia, a nephew of Cha-
he resolved to return to San Jose.' Accord- holla, accidentally injured the horse of young
inglv he left the Indians in full posession of Pvle. The horse was so nearly disabled that
his claim with all the tools, etc., and departed another had to he procured to take young
hcmieward. He afterward learned that the In- I'vle home. After young- Pyle had left the
dians .,n]v worked one dav after his departure ranch Valencia's companions began to plague
and then" devoted what dust thev had in get- him alx.ut his awkwardness, saymg. among
ting ,,n a glorious drunk, which' was not un- other things, that upon hearing young: Pyle's
mixed with blo,,dshed. Not one of them ever story the jiarents would make Valencia's moth-
returned to San lose. er jiay for the injury. Valencia appears to

Tj o , , XT " 1 i 1 r 1 ■ T \„ have been a A-erv sensitive boy and his com-

Hon. S. ( ). Houghton, whn died m Los An- '"'^^ ' ^^ ,,,-■,-,• '. i -^ i

, r 1.1 1 o I ^ iianions w(-irked his teelings up to such a pitch

geles a few rears ago, iiassed through v^an (ise i"'.! i., ^^ ^^ , , ,- ,, V) i i \. +

■^ ,1 r 11 ■ r MO '^ c 1 ^1 I ^ that lic deteriiiinef to to low Pvle and extract

m the tall ot 48 to hud the place compara- ^""^ nc ilici . ^ i ■ ,, ■ a *-

^- 1 1 4 1 \ii ii 1 1 4-- 1 1 a promise to keep mum abi-)Ut tlie accident.

tu'eh' deserted. All the male iiopulatic)n had ''1' "", ' ,' , , , ,

1 't 1 r .1 • . 1 11+ „^f„,i iMounted on a tast horse he soon overtook

departed for the mines, Inismess had stagnated iooi-oo^^i r +i i ■ + i i

, ,1 • 1+1 ■ ; 1 Pv e aiK with a t irow ot the lariat dragged

and e\ervt]Ting ajipeared to be .going to rack ^ '^ ^^

and ruin.

coming seasi

terev on his wav northward, purchased of

Capt. Josepli Aram, a redwood board for the When young Pyle did not return home his

No provision had been made for the the boy fr,,m h,s horse. He then cut the boy s
n Mr. Houghton, while at Mon- throat with a knife and dragged the body to

the toothills and covered it with Ijrush.

purpose of making a rocker for wdiich he paid

relatives and friends instituted search for him

one dollar per foot. Sawmills were a i)aving but without result. No clue to his wdiere-
business those davs. After returning from the abouts was discovered until 1849 and the man-
mines .Mr. Houghton emploved men in a saw- ner of the discovery was for years a subject
mill, paving them as high 'as sixteen dollars "f rlispute. P'rederic Hall, m his history says
per dav.' When the gold excitement broke out that in 1849 a brother of young Pyle met in
the following persons were in and about San tlie San Joaquin Valley a man who said he
Jose. Moses Schallenberger, Frank Lightson, knew all about the killing. He was brought
Charles E. V'hite, T- W. Weeks, Ephraim to San J,,se, the remains of the murdered boy
Fravel, Ceorge Cros.s, A. Pfister, Isaac P.ran- were found and the arrest of A'alencia soon
ham. Dr. Ben Cory, John M. ^Muriihy, Thomas f<-)llowed.

Campbell, Capt. Joseph Aram, AYilliam (rul- Auiither stor-\- was related by the late Julius

nac, Charles Al. "Weber, AV. C. Wilson, Ed- Martin, of (biroy. In 1849 Alartin had a band

ward Jolmson, Peter Davidson, Josiah Belden, of cattle in the xicinit^- of ]\lormon Island.

Zachariah Jones, T-*. Haggert}', Jonathan Parr, ( )ne of his Spanisli vacpieros named Camillo

the Pyle family, M. D. Kell, Peter Ouinc}-, Rainero was taken ill \vith a fever and Martin

Hiram Miller, Samuel A'oung, Joseph Stillwell, brought him to his (Ramero's) home in the

Arthur Cal(h\'ell, James F. Reed, Clement Santa Clara A^allew (Jne night as thev were

Bugbee, Wesley Hoover, James Enright, riding near the Ilernal ranch, Ramero was

Harry Bee. This does not complete the list, taken with a chill, and fearing that he was

but nearly so. Parties were organized for the \\-as about to die, toM Martin all about the

mines and explorations were carried on until murder of )-oung Pyle, wdio did it, how it

just before the rainy season when the major \vas done and wdiere the body had lieen hid-

part of the gold seekers returned. Before the den. lie said, among other things, that after

opening of spring, wdien new expeditions had young Pyle had been dragged from his horse,

been fitted out, the population had largely in- Valencia rode away, but soon after meeting

creased and the city was left in a more secure his uncle was told that if he did not go back

condition. Numbers had already increase<l and kill PyU- the Americans \vould hang him

their store of .gold to a satisfactory extent, for what he had already done. The statement

wdiile others wished to try their hand again. so worked on the l)ov's fears, that he went

Killing of Young Pyle

back, killed Pyle and concealed the bod}' near
Sih er Creek, I)e\'r)iid Evergreen. Martin, after
No single event created more interest and hearing Ramen'i's story came at once to San
excitement m San Jose and vicinity than the Jose and meeting Cad. Keyes told him what
killing of young Pyle by a Mcxkan named Ramero had confessed. Keves chanced to find
\"alencia in 1847. From a great mass of John P3de in town and they made up a posse
stories the following facts ha\e been gleaned: and arrested Valencia.

In 1847 young Pyle, son of Ivlward Pyle, A party consisting of Peter Davidson, John

visited the ranch of Anastacio Chabolla for the Pyle, AYilliam McCutchen and a few others
purpose of playing with the young Spanish went out to find the murdered boy's remains.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

57

Tlicy \\-ere found in the jilace indicated by
Raniero. It was afterward learned that \"a-
lencia had been h\int;- a hie of torment ever
since the commission of the deed. From the
place where he li\ed to the spot where he
had hidden the body of his \ ictim a path had
been worn liy frequent ^■isits. It was said
that hardly a nigdit passed without seeing him
trudging- the lonely path to the gra\e of his
\ictim. After his arrest A'alencia was arraigned
before K. H. Dimmick, Judge of the First In-
stance. He confessed to the crime before his
trial and the trial resulted in a convicticm.
The execution took place on ^Market Plaza in
the presence of Judge Dimmick and a large
nunrber of spectators.

Local Government

Pending the meeting of the con\'ention and
the adoption of a new state constitution in
Monterey in October, 1S4*^\ the country was
ruled pro\isionally b}- American officials. Each
large settlement had for chief officers an al-
calde, wdio under Mexican laws had the en-
tire control of municipal atiairs and adminis-
tered justice pretty much according to his own
ideas on the suliject, without being tied down
In" precedents and formal principles of la\v.
He could make grants of bmlding lots within
the town boundaries to intending settlers and
really his right of administration, except in
cases of grave importance, seems to have been
limited only by his power to carrj^ his de-
crees into effect. When the Americans seized
the country they were obliged to make use of
the existing machinery of local government
and the customarv laws that regulated it. They
accordingly everv'where ap]K)inted alcaldes of
towns and districts and instructed them to dis-
pense justice in the best possible manner, pay-
ing always due regard for the national laws
of ^Mexico and the provisional customs of Cali-
fornia.

Such was the condition of the town gov-
ernment wdien that memorable year, 1849,
opened. The rulers in the Pueblo of San Jose
were as follows: H. K. Dimmick, to August,
first alcalde ; Richard M. May, from August
to NoA'ember, first alcalde : John C. Conroy,
from November, first alcalde : Jose Fernandez,
second alcalde; John T. Richardson, from No-
vember 2 to December 3, judge of the first
instance ; W. M. Kincaid, from December 3,
judge of the first instance. The Juzgado, fjr
court house, was located on Market Street,
corner of El Dorado (nowr Post). It was
built of adobe and had a primitive and weather-
beaten appearance.'

In 1847 a survey of the town had been made
and streets laid out and in 1849 the three
main thoroughfares were Market, First and

Santa Clara streets, the last named taking the
lead as far as travel and business were con-
cernc<l. There were but few business houses
earl\' in the vear. Rightston iv Weber held
fortli in an adube l)uilding on the southeast
Corner of Santa Clara and Eightst("in streets.
There was no hotel in town then and emigrants
or strangers had the alternati\'e of either
slee])ing in tlie ojien air or paving as high as
$50 a month for a place on the floor in the
second story of Rightston & Weber's store or
other adobe strtictnres. Josiah Belden and
W. R. I'asham trafficked in a tile-roofed Ijuild-
ing on Market street at the corner cjf San An-
tonio street. J. D. Hoppe had a store in an
adobe on the c<irner of Market and El Dorado
streets and William McCutchen and B. H.
(jordon (afterward a larmer in the San Felipe
Vallev') did business in a frame structure on
First street, near the corner of Santa Clara
street. On the Knox Block corner stood the
handsomest and most aristocratic Ifjoking
adobe residence in the pueblo. It was occu-
])ied by Thomas and Frank West and wdiat
"was a wonder in those da}"s, it was i)lastered
on the inside. From that building down to
Market v^treet, a mustard iiatch flourished in
all its pristine vigor. The bucolic appearance
"\\"as relieved son"iewhat by a collection of mus-
tard huts put up by the native California popu-
lation. The long, hardy stalks w"ere selected
and with the aid of a fewr willow branches
and a liberal supply of adobe mud, a com-
fortable abiding place was constructed. No
pains appear to ha\"e been si)ared by these
children of the plains and the Sierras in thor-
oughlv ventilating their dwellings, and as ven-
tilation and health go hand in hand, it is not
to be w"ondered at that the occupants w"ere
strong-limbed, hardy and long-lived.

Antonio Maria Sunol sold general merchan-
dise at his residence on the west side of Mar-
ket Plaza and a Chilean firm did business in
P'eter Da\"idson's adol)e Iniilding on San Pedro.

There were a number of priN-ate residences,
constructed of adobe, in and about the pueblo
and many tents and a few wooden buildings
put up for temporary use by the Americans. In
1849 the t(w\"n began to increase rapidly in
prjpulation, on account of the discover}' of gold,
the consecpient tide of immigration and the
ad\"antages offered by vSan Jose as a place of
residence. The women of '49 deserve a larger
share of praise and credit than has generally
been accorded them. They were not hot-
house plants, nor spoiled beauties, narrow^-
w"aisted, w"eak-chested and doll-faced, wdio
manifested n"iore regard for fashion and the
latest novel, than housew"ork. They were
women of force and worthy coadjutors of the
men who laid the basis for the grand civili-

58 HISTORY OF SAXTA CLARA COUNTY

zali.m Mt tnclay. 'J'he habitations (adolie, tent dangv.s and other divertissements made up the
or shacl<) were not supplied with the man}- pro.^Tam ol pleasure.

Vivid Description of Early Days

lUN'eniences of tuda^'. Man)" of the house-
hiild utensils ^\"ere of ])rimitiA-e design and in
the matter of groceries the stock was not as The condition of affau'S m San Jose at this
extensn-e and 'varied as mav be seen in these time A\-as graphically described by the late
later (kn,-. In place of the handsome and "Orandma" Bascom m a story transcribed l)y
convenient range or gas stove, with lal)or- Mrs. .M . H . Field, which appeared m the Over-
saving and handy accessories, they were land Monthly in 1XX7. The tollowmg excerpts
obliged to put up with an adobe fircidace ijr are made:

two sticks drix'en into tlie ground, forked at 'AVe reached Sacramento the last day of

their upper ends with a third stick laid across flcti^lx-r. Then Ave took a boat to San Fran-

thc top uiion which the kettles and pots were ciscci. It rained and raine<l. I remember that

su.spended alio\e the fire underneath, ddie}- at I'.euicia we ])aid .'^l.^ fc)r a candle. At San

did not have an}- bell-knocker or idectric luit- Franci-^co \vc hoped to find a house all ready

ton on or near the front door, nor a parlor to be put together, wdiich the Doctor had

with a piano and lots of chromos in it. In Ix.ught in Xew York and ordered sent around

the majority of cases the kitchen, dining room, the Horn. He had also sent in the same cargo

bedroom, .--itting room and parlor were one a great lot of furniture and a year's supply

and there was generally an alisence of ear- of pro\isions, but they ne\"er came until the

pets and wallpaper. 'Idie wcjinen A\'orked hard nevt .\])ril ami then ever}-thing Avas spoiled

in those (hns, adapting themselves cheerfully l)ui the house. A'\'e had alscj bought in San

to the rouy-h conditions. Many of them are iMMUcisco tAvo lots f(-ir SI, 700 each. The best

now li\'ing in costl}' dwellings, surrounded A\'e could do A\'as to camp on them. The first

b_\" appurlenances of wealth, refinement and ruLjiit in San Francisco ^Ir. ]5r_A-ant came to

ease. Idie}- deserA'e the success the_A" and take supper A\-ith us and the Doctor, to cele-

their husbands ha\e achie\'eil and it is all the brate, liought $5 worth of potatoes. We ate

more enjoyable after the hard exiieriences of them all for supi)er and didn't eat so very

the earh- (kaA's. iinaiiA- of them, either.

Early Buildings of San Jose

■A\'e had intended from the first to come to
the Santa Clara \'allev, for the Doctor said
In the latter j.art of '49 the Bella Union that Avherever tlie Catliolic Fathers had picked
Saloon Avas erected on a portion of the ground ^,^^(. ,^ ^j^^, j^ ,„j^st pg ^ „.,„,a ,,„£. The chil-
noAv occu]ned liy the .\uzerais House on Santa ,1,.^,.^ .^,^,1 ^ staved m the citv while the Doc-
Clara street. The pr,,prietors Avere Joseph AY. ^,„. ^^.^.^^^ ,„^ horseback to San ]ose and bought
J(dinson and a Mr. A\ hitney. The iMansion ^ h,,u^e for us. Then he came back and Ave
House was begun by J. S. Rnckel on the started for San Jose with Professor Jack,
ground A\here noAv stands the old Music Hall ^^.pp^^. ^i^^ Doctor staved in the city to buy and
building on North First street; and the City ^,„j, f„niiture and provisions to us. We came
Flotel on the opposite of the street Avas com- ^,, Alviso in the boat and paid $150 in fare,
pleted and .,].ened to the public. Mine host ■^^^^- p.^ me and the children. From Alviso
was Peter Oumcy, (since deceased) and the ...^ came to San b.se bv the Pi.)neer stage
prices charged for l)..ard and lodging Avere through fearful mud and pouring rain, pav-
iiigh en,, ugh to allow a boniface to get rich „,„. .^\^ '..unce' each for fare. On the boat

I got accpiainted Avith two nice gentlemen, both

in a month.

Where the Bank of Italy building noAV ministers, Avhose names Avere Brierly and

stands a\ as a large cattle corral and t,( the Blakeslee. They, too, Avere coming to San

east anil south plains of mustard greeted the Jose; also a Mr. Knox.

eye, an adolie house, occupied by a native " A\'e haven't any place to lav our heads

Cahfornian, noAv and then dotting the Avaste Avhen we get there,'' one of them said,

and relieving the monotonous exjjanse. The " AX'ell, I've got a house,' said I, just as

mustard stalks grcAv as high as young trees— if I was in Kentuckv, 'and if you can put up

higher tlian a man's head and it Avas the easiest with what I'll have to you can come Avith me

thing m the world to take a Avalk in the shade and Avelcome.' So Ave Avere all driven straight

of the yellow branches and get lost! to my house at the corner of Second and

The grand jniblic place Avas the Plaza, then San h'ernando streets. It Avas dark and the

hard, le\el and. treeless. Here the native Call- 10th of 1 )ecember.

fornians were in the habit of congregating and "The house had been b'otight from a Mrs.

enjoying themseUes according to the customs MatthcAvs and she AAas still in it. Doctor had

that had been handed down for generations, paid $7,000 for the house and t\A'o fifty vara

Horse racing, bull fights, ecjuestrian feats, fan- lots. I expected to see at least a decent shel-

UlS'r(:)RV (^)l. SANTA 0[.ARA C( )[A\1A' 59

ler, Init nil. iii\'! it was just as ,,iu' nl llic cliil- full. Tlic fust iIu'iil;- 1 kiu'W I liad thirteen

(Iron sai'l. '.Must as l;i)i>i1 as nur nM Kentuck\' Im.arders — seiialMrs ami rcpre^eii t.'iti\ es, miiiis-

ci'fu crili.' It had twn ninius aud a luft which ters and teachei-s. Xdhml}" whn caiue would

was cliniliedi iutn I)\- a kind nf ladder, 'idle l;'i) a\\"a\". I ei juld alwaws iiiauai^e li i m.ake peri-

rnnf \\ as .if shakes and let the rain rii.;lit ]ile feel at linnie, aud they wnuld .all s,ay they

througdi. and the llnnr was nf plauks, laid \\aiuld put u]i with .anythiipi;- and help ill all

diiwNui with the suiiMith side up with L;a-eat sorts of wa\s, if 1 would onl\' let them stay,

cracks hetween to let the water run out. I JMr. I^eek (he ^\'as the eiirollint;' clerk (jf the

was thankful for that, ddiere was a chimney Lc.qaslature ) \\'as a wonderful h.'ind at making

111 the house .and a hreidace. hut liardl)' a liatter cakes. We got ,a re]iutatioii on hatter

hit of tire and no wooik It was rather a cakes and our house was (hihhed "Slapjack

forUirn place to come to and hriug \isi1:ors to, Idall" h\' iir,' ho\-, .\I. It stuck to us. Mr.

now wa.^u't it? Vet we had heeii through so Bradford, of Indiana, coiild hrown coffee to

much that the poorest shelter looked gciod to p)er{eeti(jn.

me and lu-sides it was our new home. We ■■},[,-. Orr and .Afr. Mullen alwa^•s hrought

must make the best of it. Mrs. Afatthews ,^l] tlie water, dduw were senators.' I used to

had a good supper for us on the tal.le and th,„i^ theA" liked th'e joh hecaiise there was a

the children Avere overjoyed to see a real table pretty girl in the house wdiere the}- got the

cloth once more. w-ater. And that reminds me that several

" A\dll }'ou tell me where I can get some families gijt water from the same \vell. It

Wood?" I said tc) Afrs. Matthews, thinking that \vas just a hole in the ground, about eight or

a fire AAanild l;ie the best possible thing for us ten feet deep and no curl) around it. (Jnce

all. 'You can buy a Inirro load in the morn- a baliy Awas creeping on the ground and fell

iiig.' she answered. 'I'Ae used the last bit into it. The mother saw it and ran and jumpied

to get supjier A\'ith?' Well, the end of it A\-as in after it. ddien she screamed and I ran

that we ti^iok our supper and went to bed — out. There she \\-as in the Avell, holding the

irot on our nice Kentucky leather lieds, but baby upside dowui to get the Avater out of its

cm buffalc) skins spread on the floor and with- lungs. 'ThroAv me a rope,' she screamed and

out auA- pilhiws. Mr. Kuo.-v, Mr. Blakeslee 1 ran for a rope. Then she tied it ar(~)und the

and Afr. Brierh- climbed up into the loft and bal)_\- and I drew it up. Meanwdiile our cries

turned in as best thev crmld. Mr. Knox Avas l.;)rought men to the rescue and they drew^ up

sick but I couldn't e\'en giA-e him a cup of the poor woman. AVe kept the well covered

hot tea. I said to Mrs. Matthews that I Avished after that.

I could heat a stone to put to his feet. 'Stone !' "Before Ave got the Idack man it seemed im-

said she. 'There are no stones in this country.' possible to get a cook. We even had a Avom-

"AA'e slept as if Ave A\'ere on downy lieds, an come doAvn from San Francisco, but she

Ave Avere sc) tired. The next morning I bought didn't stay Avhen she found Ave really expected

a burro load of Avood for an 'ounce'. EA-er}'- her to cook. She said she Avas a niece of Amos

thing cost an 'ounce'. I soon got used to it. Kendall and Avasn't going to cook for au}--

AMieat Avas 75 cents a pound, butter $1 a body. Professor Jack helped me steadily and,

pound, eggs S3 a dozen. A chicken cost $3, as I said, eA-erybody lent a hand. AA'e had a

milk $1 a quart. But the prices matched all A-erA' gay time over our meals and everybody

around. Doctors charged $5 for pulling a Avas A\-illing to Avash dishes and tend baby,

tooth and other things Avere in proportion. I I used to go to the Legislature and enjoy the

don't knoAV as if it made any difference. I fun there as much as the members enjoyed

divided my mansion into four rooms, A\'ith my housekeeping. The March of that Avinter

curtains. Doctor came and brought us furni- was something to remember. People used

ture and all the comforts money could buy. to get swamped on the corner of First and

He paid $500 to get shingles for our roof. Santa Clara streets. A little boy Avas drowned

Mr. Blakeslee and Mr. Brierly stayed Avith us. Uiere. ft Avas a regular trap for children.

We all seemed to get on Avell together. It "Oh, did I tell you I built the first church

Avas not till spring "that the Doctor found a and the first schoolhouse in San Jose? I did.

black man Avho could cook. He paid $800 I built it all Avith my OAvn hands and the only

for him. Folks said he Avouldn't stay — for, of tool I had Avas a good, stout needle. It was

course, he Avas free in California — but he did. the famous 'Blue Tent' you have heard of.

He lived with us for four years. Mr. Blakeslee asked me if I could make it

"People began to ask if they couldn't stay and I told him of course I could. He bought

Avith us till they found some other home, and the cloth and cut it out. It Avas of blue jean

then somehow, thev staved on. Everybody and cost seventy-five cents a yard. The Pres-

had to be hospitable. The Legislature Avas byterian Church Avas organized in it and Mr.

then in session and the town was more than Blakeslee had a school in it all Avinter.

60

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

"We had a good deal of party-g-oing and
gave entertainments just as if we had elegant
houses and all the con\-eniences. Some of the
Spanish jieriple were A'ery stylish. The ladies
had dresses rich as silk and embroidery could
make them., and iir their long, low adobe
houses there were rich carpets and silk cur-
tains trimmed Avith gt)ld lace. I went to the
first wedding in one of those houses. Miss Pico
married a I\Ir. Campbell, it was ver)' grand,
liut the odd dresses and the odd dishes upset
my gra\'itv more than once. Governor and
I\Irs. AIcDougall lived in an adobe house on
Market street and the}' had a grand part_v
there. I had a party, too, one day and asked
all the ladies of m}' accpiaintance. Airs. Bran-
ham ha<l given me six eggs and I made an
elegant cake which 1 was going to pass around
in fine style. 1 began !:>}' passing it to one
of the Spanish ladies and she took the wdiole
cake at one swoop, \\'ra[)ped it up in the
skirt of her gorgeous silk dress and said,
'Mucha gracias'. I was never so surprised in
ni\- life, but there was nothing I could do.
The rest I if us had to go without cake that
time.

"Cattle and horses ran alxiut the streets
anrl there \\'ere no sidewalks. We just had to
pick our wa}'- around as liest we could.

"In the spring my piano came. It was sent
b}' "way of the Isthmus. It «'as the first piano
in San Jose. It made a great sensation. Ev-
erybody came to see it and hear my little
girl play. Indians an<l Si-ianish used to crowd
around the dours and ^vindows to hear the
\\-(mderful music, and man}- a white man, too,
lingered and listened because it reminded him
of home.

"AVe mo\"ed into a l.ietter house m the spring,
ver}- near «diere the Methodist Church South
afterward st(M:)d. W''e paid $125 a month for
it. Ijut \vhen I look back it seems that I
ne\"er had such an intellectual feast as I had
in old 'Slapjack Hall'. Tiie gentlemen who
figured as cr.inks in my kitchen \vere the most

intelligent and agreeable men you can imagine.
They were all educated and smart and they
appeared just as much like gentlemen when
the}' were cooking as when they were mak-
ing speeches in the Legislature. I don't be-
lieve we ever again had such a choice set of
folks under our roof here in San Jose. Doctor
and I felt honored in entertaining and yet
they paid us $20 a week for the privilege.

"C)f course }'i>u know General Fremont and
his wife were here that winter and I knew
them Ixith. Mrs. Fremont's sister, Mrs. Jones,
and I were great friends. Yes, indeed, there
iieA'er were finer people than my boarders and
neighbors in '49. Let me see : There were the
Cooks and Hoppes and Cobbs and Joneses, the
Ijranhams and Beldens and Hensleys and Wil-
liams, the Bralys, the AVesters and Crosbys,
Mur])h\-s, Dickensons, Hendersons. Kincaids,
Campbells, Reeds, Houghtons, Tafts and
i\lood}'s. Then amongst them were the Picos
and Sunols. Very likely I haAC forgotten
a great many, just telling them off in this
fashion, ])ut I never forgot them, really. Many
of the best citizens of San Jose now, with
their Avives and children, A^es, and grandchil-
dren, A\-ere slim AT)ung fellows in those days
A\dio had come to California to seek their for-
tunes. Fine, enterprising lioys they were, too.
Some of them boarded with me. C. T. Ryland
and P. C). Minor were inmates of 'Slapjack
Ilair and Dr. Cor}- and the Reeds will re-
memlDcr it well.

"In 1852 we mo\'ed out on the Stockton
ranch and bought our own farm in Santa Clara
on A\diich we Iniilt our permanent home, Som-
erville Lodge. I remember Ave paid our head
carpenter $16 a day. The house cost us $10,-
000. It w(iuld not cost $1,000 now. W''e bought
seeds for our garden and an ounce of onion
seed cost an ounce of gold. AA'e paid $6 each
for our fruit trees. A mule cost $.300; a horse
$400. But doctor's services Avere just as high-
])riced and so Ave kept e\en."

CHAPTER III.

San Jose as the Capital of the State — Meeting of the First Legislature — The
Removal to Vallejo — Land Grants and Suertes — A Trumped-up Robbery
— Settlers' War — Fourth of July Celebration.

L'letAveen the \ears 1846 ami 1S49 California
remained under the cuntrol nf the United
States military forces. A military commander
controlled affairs, but there was no real gov-
ernment. As long- as the war lasted it was only
natural to expect that such would be the case
and the people made nv protest, but after peace
was declared and the military rule continued
much dissatisfaction was aroused. With the
changed ^'iews of the people, General Riley,
the military commander, entirely sympathized.
When it was found that Congress had ad-
journed without effecting anything for Cali-
fornia, he issued a proclamation — June 3, 1849,
— calling for a convention. The proclamation
stated the num1)er of delegates which each
district should elect and also announced that
appointments to judicial offices would be made
alter being voted for. The delegates from
the Santa' Clara Valley district were Joseph
Aram, Kimljall M. Dmimick, Antonio M. Pico,
Elam BroAvn, Julian Hanks and Pedro Sain-
sevain.

Constitutional Convention

On September 1, 1849, the Convention met
at Monterey, Robert Semple, of Benicia, of
the district of Sonoma, being chosen presi-
dent. The session lasted six weeks and not-
withstanding an awkward scarcity of books of
reference arid other necessary aids, much la-
bor was performed, while the debaters exhib-
ited a marked degree of ability. In framing
the original constitution of California, slavery
was forever prohibited within the jurisdiction
of the state ; the boundary question between
the United States and Mexico was set at rest;
provision for the morals and education of the
people was made; a seal of state, with the
motto Eureka was adopted and many other
pertinent subjects were discussed. The con-
stitution was duly framed, submitted to the
people and at the election on November 13
was ratified and adopted by a vote of 12,064
for and eleven against it; there being besides
over 1,200 ballots that were treated as blanks
because of an informality in the printing. On
the occasion the vote of the district of San
Jose was 567 for and none against its adop-
tion, while 517 votes were cast for Peter H.
Burnett for governor and thirty-six votes for

W. S. Sherwood. The popular voice also made
San Jose the capital.

During the session of the Con\-ention, the
residents of San Jose in pu]:>lic meeting, elect-
ed Charles White and James F. Reed a com-
mittee to proceed to IVIonterey and use their
utmost endea\'ors to have San Jose named
in the constitution as the state capital. They
found a staunch opponent in Dr. Semple, the
president, who co\-eted the hfjuor for his home
town, Benicia. But tlie San Joseans were not
discouraged b}' this opposition. They prom-
ised to have reafly a suitable buihling b\ the
15th of Deccmljer. aliout the time when the
Legislature \vould l:>e ready to sit — a rash
promise when is considered the fact that such
an edifice had not been completed in the town.
vSan Jose was selected as the capital and it
was now up to the residents to proA'ide a
building for the sessions. In that vear tliere
stood on the south half of lot si.x — the east
side of Market Plaza — a large adobe structure,
erected by Sainsevain and Rochon, which was
meant for a hotel. This structure the town
council tried to rent for tlie legislative ses-
sion, lint tlie price was so exorbitant — $4,000
per month — that is was deemed best to pur-
chase the liuilding outright; l:>ut here the pro-
prietors declined to take the pue1)lo authori-
ties as security. Now it was that the residents
of means stepped in and saved the day. Nine-
teen of them executed a note for the price
asked, $34,000, with interest at the rate of eight
per cent per month. The nineteen were R. W.
May, James F. Reed, Peter Davidson, William
McCutchen, Joseph Aram, David Hickey,
Charles White, Frank Lightston, J. D. Hoppe,
Peter Quincy, R. C. Keyes, W. H. Eddy,
Benjamin Cor}', K. H, Dimmick, J. C. Cobb,
P. Sainsevain, Josiah Belden, Isaac Branham
and J. C. Cook. .\ conve3'ance was made to
Belden, Reed and Aram, to hold the premises
in trust for the purchasers. An appropria-
tion of $50,000, purchase money for the build-
ing, was made b}' the Legislature, and bonds
bearing interest at the rate of two and one-
half per cent per month, were issued. Un-
fortunately the credit of the territory was be-
low par and the bonds were sacrificed at the
rate of forty cents on the dollar. The amount
received by the sale was used in partial liqui-

62 ■ .HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COL'XTV

(latjiin nf the cIl-IjI, the indehtfijiiess remain- to the iinrth of San Franeisco Bay, addressed

in,i,^ Ijeing snl3sequently the cause of vexatious a nienmrial to the Senate, dated April 3, 1850,

and protracted le,L,>"islatic)n. ixiintinq- out tlie ad\-antages possessed by the

^. -r . , ^ site iif tlie tuwn of X'allejo over vSan Jose and

First Legislature Convenes ^|^^, ,,^1,^,. ^,i.^^,^.^ l„ddnig'f„r the state capital.

On Saturda}', Deceniljer 15, 184'), the first Tn secure the hoon the General ofTered to
Legislature oi California met at San Jose. E. grant to the state, free of cost, twent}- acres
Kir1)y Chamberlain was elected jiresident pro f(.ir a capitol and grounds, with 136 acres added
tern (if the Senate and Thomas J. AA'hite, fur other state Iniildings: and in addition to
speaker of the Assembly, A\hich august l3od)' this he agreed to donate and ])ay o\"er to the
occupied the second storx" of the State Idouse. state, Avithin two A'ears, the large sum of $370,-
The lower jiortion, intended for use of the 000. tci lie de\'oted to the constructicin of build-
Senate, not being read}- for occupanc}\ the ings and their furnishing. l^an Jose stro\"e
senators were taken, fur a shiirt period, to hard to retain the prize. The citizens did ev-
the house of Isaac ISranham, located on the er}"tliing in their jiower to make things pleas-
southwest corner of iMarket I'laza. (.)n the ant for the legislators. Their |)a}-, sixteen dol-
oiiening da_\' there Avere only six senators lars a da)-, Avas recei\'ed in state scrip, hv no
])resent. The following da\' Co\-crnor Riley means at par \alue in the market. To
and his secretary, IL A'. Halleck, afterward jiropitiate them the hotel keepers and trades-
a distinguished general in the U. S. Army, men consented to take the scrip at its face
arrixed and on iMonda}- ncarh' all the mem- walne. This offer created a goofi impression
fiers were in their ]daces. but was not sufficient m force to offset the

At the start consideraljle dissatisfaction over offer of A'allejo. Seeing that the tide \\-as turn-

the i)o.ir accoinniodauons at the State blouse ii'^.y' against them, the San Joseans, through

\\"as manifested and onlv four (kiAS after open- James F. Leed, ottered four block-s of land

ing for business f'.eorge B. TingleA-, a mem- and 160 lots, the lots to lie sold tu raise nione^'

ber from Sacramentrj, introduced a liill to for the building of the caidtid. Another bid

moxe the cai'ital to Ab mterex". It jiassed its \\'as that of Cfiarles A\diite, A\dio tendered one

fii"st reading and then died a natural death. and one-half srpiare miles of band, upon the

(On the twentieth of Fiecemfier, 1840, Qoa- condition that the state should la\' it out in

ernor Rile}" turned oAer his office to (governor bits ior sale, i-eser\dng a jmrtion sufficient for

Peter 11. Burnett and on the same date Sec- buildings and that one-third of the sum so

retary Halleck was relie\"ed of his duties and realized should Ijc ])aid to hini and the bal-

K. H. Dinimick was appointed Judge of the aiiec gi\en to the state for building jmrposes.

Court rif First Instance. -V third offer, of 200 acres, made Ii}- Jcihn

'bhe personnel of the first Legislature of Ti'wn.-,end carried the stipulation tliat all the

California was as follows: Senators — David '^tate buildmgs, save the penitentiarA', should

F. Douglass, M. G. \'allejo, Flean Heyden- he ]-)laeed thereon.

feldt, Baldo de la Guerra, S. F. ^^^;)odworth, 'Jn receipt of (k-n. Wallejo's memorial to

ddiomas L. \'ermeule, A\'. D. Fair, Elisha O. the senate, a committee was aiipointed, wdth

Crosb}-, D. C. Broderick, E. Kirfi}" Chamber- instructions to consider all the offers made

lain, J. Bidwell, II. C. Robinson, B. J. Lipi)in- and re|-iort. ( )n April 2. 1850, the report was

ccitt. made. 1 1 concluded with these Avords : 'A'onr

Assemlilymen — Flam BroAvn, J. S. K. (")gier. Committee cannot (bvell Avith too much
F. lb ITateman, Edmund Randolph, E. P. Bald- warmth upon the magnificent ]:iro])ositions
A\'in, A. P. Crittenden, Alfred Adieeler, James J-'fmtained in the memorial of General A'allcjo.
A. Gray, Joseph Aram, Joseph C. iMorehead, They l)reathe throughout the sjiirit of an en-
Benjamin Cor_A-, Thomas J. Henley, lose M. Lirged mind and a sincere public lienefaetor,
Corvarrubias, Elisha AW McKinstry, Geo. B. *'""' ^\'hich he deser\-es the thanks of his coun-
Tingley. tr_\-inen and the admiration of the Avorld. Such

f)n the twentieth of December two L'nited "^ i)ropositi("in looks more like the legacv of

States seucators A\'ere elected, the lueky ones '^ might}- emjieror to his people than the'free

lieing Col. John C. Fremont anrl Dr. AVilliam donation of a priAate planter to a great state,

^I. (.liAun. C)n the following day GoAernor X^'^ pnor in iniblic finance but soon to be

Burnett delixered his message. among the first of the earth." The report,

D 1 r r- •. , Avhich Avas ]iresented bv Senator David c'

Removal of Capital ]>,-, ,i,.,-; -n Ai i ft i i t , /,f

t^ l.ioileiKk (Avlio was killed by Judge Terrv

The next lcgislati\e move of importance '" <'' 'Fiel in 1859) of San Francisco, goes on

Avas the attempt to remove the capital. Gen. to jxiint out the necessities that should gov-

Mariano Guadalupe XTillejo, senator from the em the site for California's capital, recaj^itu-

Distriet of Sonoma, and owning lordly acres kites the advantages pointed out in the me-

HISTORY ()!• SANTA CI.ARA ColTNTY r,3

niiirial aiiil finally vrccininuMKls the accc|>tancc First July 4th Celebration

of (General \ alUTi's olTcr. /r, r \ • i i i

Hie acceiitanee ihi tint pass the Senate , ■ ,■ n ' i i ■ <i r ,

. , ' . . , . ^ '""■'- was iiatni iticalh- i-enieniliered m the tirst ^■ear

witliout sunie nppi isitinn and ecinsKerahe r ■ -i i ■ ■ ; <■ ■ << ^■i ^' 'r

, , , ^. ' ' , ,_ . ^ ^ , I iw .1. .!_ ( ii ci\ il ahnpnistiatii m ni I ahhiiana. San jose

(lelaw ( Ml r^eiheni her ' ', l,S,-iO Lahhuana was 111 1 1 1 .■ 1 1

, -. ^ , . ' ,, . • , • ," ' , held a "rand eeleliratu m and nuieh more m-

adniitted pUh the L nion and on hehrnar\' 14 , . ' r 1, .1 1 ■ • ,1

..-,-, , . , , . . , ' -. ! lerest was lelt than nn sueh rieeasions m tlie

ISM, dnnno- the last sessum oi the l.e.i^asla- ...stern states. hVrd II all, in his histnrv, says :

^"•■^" \" ^^'V" -l"^^y' ^'^' -.^^; "t i^emnval was ..'Phe is.datum fnnn the other states made the

l'^^^^'^'*' ^V"' "" V^7' ^ "! ^^''-'^ ?■"''' *''" '^^-'"^ icelin.^ nt national ,n-ide pierease. We felt

'■^^"•^^^ adlonrned hut the arehn es were not .,, ^,^;,^,^.i^ ^^.. ^^,,.,.^, „, ,, f,„.^,,^,.„ ,.,,^,1 ,„,,, ^,,^.

l"^''"'T,^'^ t" \alle,nnntd later. I he thnal (,„dcnev was tn x n,lv and hri-hten the love

Lesaslatnre eoHNened at A allejo Jannary .^ ,,f the whole eonntrv in everv American. On

l^-- ^^'^^'^ '^^>'^ '''^^■': ■t,!^;'^ transterre.l to ^|^,^^ ,,eeasion the lion. AVilham Voorhies de-

^acrameiUo: January o, lN:^.y it met a-am at ,j^.^^,.^,, ^,,^ oration: lames Al. h,ne< also deliv-

^^^^^T'. 't was remoNed to Lenieia .m 1; eh- ^,,^.,| ,„.,. „^ Sj.anisT for the' henefit of the

^u^^ry U .:l ihc ^mc y^nv. ^:h^rc n rcm^xmvA Alexieans present. .Mr. Sanford, a lawNX-r

until the end ot the session, and then hy enaet- f^,„,^ (>,,ro-ia, read the Declaration of hide-

'?^"t the capital was iiennanentlv locate.l at j,.,,,!.,,,.. 'Thirteen vonn- ladies dressed m

Sacramento, where it has smce reiiiame.l. ,,]^,^, .„,.,, .„,,, ,,.,,■,,. .p,,^, ,-,-„i^ ,,„ ,^„,,..

'1-f ^l"^^f""^ "'. t^*^']^.-;'!'?)- ot the removal ,,,^^,,^_^ followed hv the Kao-|e (kiards, com-

^"^•■^ iTono-ht np m ]N>i lietore the Supreme „,.,„,,,.,i ,,,. ^apt: TliomasAVhite ; also 500

Lourt when a inajonty ot the justices. Hey- ..j^i^ens, some on horsehack, some m carnaa-es

denteldt and A\ells, held that accordin- to ,,„,, ^,„,^^ ^^j.,„^^ ,„_.„,^. ^,^^. „.^,,„„.,, ,,_,,.:,„!

'=!"" ^^'"^ >'^' "-''f the capital ot the state. ^,^,^^ ^^_,,^^,^,, ^^^ ^^,_.,^. j,, ^,,^. ^,,,^^,, ,,- ^,,^^,,^^ ,^

1 hereupon the lollowmo- order was made: ,,„.,^. , „. ^^^„,.,^,^ „^ j,;^ „.,.,, ^.^. ,^^,^,. .|^_ Almaden

.'■It '/ "■■'l'-''-^-'l that the sherill- ot Santa ,-,,ad : and there the ceremonv was performed

Llara Lounty procure m the town ot San Jose ^,, ^|^^ ^^^^^ pleasure and pride of the A.meri-

and properly arran-e and turmsh a court- ^^,^ ^.^j,^^^ ,,^ ^,^^ ,^^.^^. „,„„t,,...
rciom. clerks othce and consultation room, lor

the use of the court. It is further ordered Boundaries of Santa Clara County

that the clerk of this court forthwith remove ^y^^-^^ ^,^^ r.et^nslature was in session in San

the records ot tins court tr, the town o San ^,,^^ ^^^^ houndanes of Santa Clara County

J«^e. It IS turther ordere<l that the court ^vlll ;^.^.,.^, ^,^^,-,^^,,,^ ,p|^^ ,,^,^,,_^^^, orio-"inallv included

meet to dehver opinions at San Jose on the ^,^^. p.^.-^jhi ,,f A\-.,shintTton, ot" Alameda

1st Monday in April and on that day will ^,,,^,,^^^_^ ,.,^^^ ^.|.,,^ ^^.,^^^ ^.^^^ ; ,^^- ^^^^^ ^j^^ ^^_^^^^^^^,

appoint some future day ot the term tor the ...i^,.;, t„ its (.resent limits, as follows: Re-
argument ot cases.

"HEYDEXFELDT, T.

■AVELLS, J.

inning- at a point iipjiosite the mouth of the
v^an Francisquito, heing the common corner
,^ T- -n- 1-1 /-M 1 ■■ "f .Alameda, San Alateo and Santa Clara conn-
Attest: D. K. Yoodside, Clerk. ^,^^ . ^,^g,^^,^ easterly to a point at the head of
A writ of mandamus on the s^trength of the a slough which is an arm of San Francisco
foregoing was issued from the Third District i>av at its head, making into the mainland in
Court against all the state officers, command- f,-,,„t of the Gegara rancho ; thence easterly
ing that they remove their offices to San to a lone sveamore tree that stands in a ravine
Jose or show cause why they should not do l)et\veen the dwellings of Flujencia and A'alen-
so. The argument Avas heard and the theory tine Gegara: thence easterly up said ravine
maintained that San Jose was the proper to the top of the mountains as surveyed l>y
capital of the state. An appeal was taken to l-i„race A. Higlev: thence in a direct line east-
the Supreme Court. In the meantime Justice g,-],- to the common corner of San Toarniin
AVells had died, h,s place bemg^ hlled bv Jus- Stanislaus, Alameda and Santa Clara counties
tice Bryant. In the appeal the Sttpreme Court ,,,^ ^,^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ,.,^. ^,^^ ^.^^^^^^ Range : "thence

decided that San Jose was not the state cap-
ital, from wdiich (lecision Justice Heydenfeldt
dissentec

southeasterly, following the summit of the
Coast Range to the northeast corner of Alon-

„, ^ T • 1 , 1 i ii 4. terey County^ thence westerhy following the

The first Legislature passed an act that ;, •' - '^

\-, -^ _ .-7, c..„j- 1 .„! ,-„.,^,.^,-,,-^,t:,,„ ,,„ northern boundary of .Montere}- Count}- to

the southeast corner of vSanta Cruz County;
'!\IarchT'l8507rnd"on April ifthe Ayunta- thence northwesterly, h.llowing the summit_^ of

o-ave San Jose its first legal incorporation un-
der RTnited States rule. The act was passed

mienTo Yield' lAs' last meeting. The new- com- Hie Santa Cruz Mountains to the head of San
iTion council held its first lueeting under the Francisquito Creek; thence down said creek
c

barter on the 13th. to its mouth ; thence in a direct line to the

64 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

place of bei;inning. Containing about 1,300 No\ember, 1859, to December, 1860 — H. D.

square miles. Coon, H. J. Bradley, Isaac Branham.

The county government was first adminis- December, 1860, to October, 1861 — H. J.

tered by the court of sessions, which held Bradle}', W. M. Williamson, H. D. Coon,

jurisdiction until 1852, when the board of su- October, 1861. to November, 1862— H. J

l^ervisors was created. In 1854 the govern- Bradlew W. M. Williamson, J. H. Adams

ment again went mtu the hands of the court Xovember, 1862, to March 1864— W M

ot sessions, where it remained until the next ^ynHamson, J. H. Adams, S. S. Johnson ' "

year, when the board of supervisors was re- a r i i or i ^

"vived to administer the atTairs of the county , /^.''Y''''y./'^'^"^' ^^ March, 1866— John A.

ever since. Following is a list of those who '-*"'"-'' ^'^'"^P;"^" ^''^'es, L. Robinson, J. A.

have administered the county -government -^ erkms, !< rank Sleeper.

from the date of organization to the present March, 1866, to March, 1868 — John A.

time: U"i"h3;- Frank Sleeper, John A. Perkins. J.

On the 1st day of June, 1850, the court of W' ;^- '-S'lH''". Frank Cook,
sessions was organized with J. W. Redman March, 1868, to March, 1870— David Camp-
president, and Caswell Davis and Fl. C. Smith "?'!• J"'in Cook. William H. Hall, W. H.
associate justices. n'^n""' *-*'"'^'" ^^""le. (Cottle served vice

Julv 5. 1850— F W. Redman, president; J'a'l"". wliojosigned. )
fohn'Gilrov, Caswell Davis, associates. March, 18/0, to Alarch, 1872— David Camp-
August 18, 1850—1. W. Redman, president; '[^'^- W- H. Hall, W. H. I'atton, J. M. Battee,
Charles Clavton and Caswell Davis, associates, '"^amuel I. Jamison.

October (X 1851 — 1. W. Redman, president; ^-March, 18/2, to Alarch, 1874 — J, M. Battee,

R. B. i:'.uckner and" Marcus Williams, asso- AVdliam Paul, A\'. N. Furlong, S. 1. Jamison,

ciates. J- W. Boulware.

Decem1)er, 1851 — F \V. Redman, president; March, 1874, to March, 1876 — J. M. Battee,

Cyrus C. Sanders and Alarcus Williams, as- ^V. N. Furlong, J. M'. Bouhvare, Alfred Chew,'

sociates. A\'illiam I'aul, A. King, H. M. Feonard.

May 14, 1852— J. W. Redman, lu'esident; Alarch, 1N76, to March 1878 — S. F. Ayer,

Peleg Rush and Catus G. vSanders, associates. ^Y H. Rogers, J. M. Battee, Alfred Chew,

An election for supervisors was held June Y. X. Inirlong, _\. King, H. M. Feonard.

3, 1852, and the new board was organized as March, 1878, to Alarch, 1880 — S. F. Ayer,

follo\vs : Isaac X. Senter, chairman; Fred F. "^^' • FI. Rogers, Y', X, Furlong, John Y''eathers

Whitne}-, AX'illiam E. Taylor, Jacob Gnnvell, J- FT. M. Townsend, M. D. Kell, H. M. Feon-

associates. ard. (Townsend resigned in December, 1879

Decemlier 6, 1852 — L. H. Bascom, chairman ; ?ind was succeeded h\ [ames Snow.)

John B. Allen, A. M. Church, Fevi Goodrich, March, 1880, to February, 1883 S. F. Ayer,

Joseph C. I'x.yd, associates. John A\'eathers, James Snow, M. D. Kell, h'

September 7, 1853 — George Peck, chairman ; M. Feonard, H. H. Main, Samuel Rea.

Daniel Murphy, R. G. Moody, William Dan- Feliruar}-, 1883-1885 — W. E. Ward, H Til-

iels, W. (jallimore, associates. lotson, AM (J. Y'atson, H. McCleary Peter

In April, 1854, the court of sessions again Donnelly, H. H. Main, S. A. Blythe.

took charge. It was composed as follows : R. March, 1885, to March, 1887 S. F Ayer

B. Buckner, president ; Caswell Davis, Thomas AY. A. Z. Ed^vards, A. Greenino-er W. o'

Vermuele, assi")ciates. Y'atson, Peter Donnelly.

October 1, 1854 — R. B. Fuickner, president; March, 1887, to March, 1891 S. F. Ayer

Caswell Da\is, C. G. Thomas, associates. Y'. A. Z. Edwards, A. Greenino-er W o'

On April 9, 1855, another board of sujier- Watscm, James Phegley.

Ais(.)rs was elected. The organization of the 1891-1895 — P. Donnelly, A. Greenino-er W

board from that time has been as follows: A, Z. Edwards, [. S. Whitehurst William'

April 1, 1855 to November, 1855— Samuel Erkson, S. F. Ayer.

Henderson, W. R. Bassham, Daniel Murphy. 1895-1897 — A.Greeninger Geor^^e E Rea T

November, 1855. to November, 1856— W. R. S. Selby, John Roll, S F Aver '^ '

Bassham, AY. R. Bane, Samuel Morrison. 1897-1899— Geo. E. Rea, Paul P Austin F

November, 1856, to October, 1857— Gary M. Stern, John Roll, S. F.' Ayer ' " ' '

Peebels, China Smith, D. R. Douglas. 1899-19(>1 — F. W. Knowles, Geo. E Rea F

October, 1857, to October, 1858 — Joseph H. F. Cottle, John Roll, S. F. Ayer. ' ' ' "

Kincaid, Samuel A. Ballard, Albert Warthen. 1904-1907— F. E. Mitchell Ayer Roll Rea

October, 1858, to November, 1859— John M. and A. L. Hubbard.

Swinford, H. D. Coon, Eli Jones; Isaac Bran- 1907-1911— H. S. Hersman H M Ayer A

ham served vice Jones. L. Hubbard, John Roll, F. E.' Mitchell

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

65

From the last named date the following
have held ottice eontinuouslv : Henry Hecker,
A. L. Hnbbard, H. U. Aver, F. E. Mitchell,
John Roll.

Settling Titles of Land Grants

At the time of the cession of California there
was i)robalily not a perfect title in the whole
territory of Alta California. Under the terms
of the treaty,, however, the holders of these
incomplete titles were to be permitted to go
on and complete them nnder the laws of the
L'nited States. After the acqnisition of Cali-
fornia and after ascertaining the inchoate con-
dition of the land grants and the importance
of having them segregated from the public
domain, and for the purpose of carrying out
the provisitms of the treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo, an act was passed by the Congress
of the United States on March 3, 1851, pro-
^■iding fcir commissioners to be appointed by
the President for the purpose of ascertaining
and settling J)ri^•ate land grants in California,
with a right of appeal, by either the govern-
ment or the claimant, to the U. S. District
Court for the State of California, or to the
U. S. Supreme Court. To this commission
all claimants were required to present their
petitions for the confirmation of their claims.
Failure to so present them within a specified
time after the passage of the act worked a
forfeiture of the claim, which was afterward
treated as a part of the public domain. Upon
the confirmation of these claims surveys were
made bv the surveyor general and patents
issued thereon.

Those lands which had not been granted by
the Mexican Government were subject to the
laws of the United States governing the dis-
position of the public domain. Besides these
two classes of land there was a third — the land
granted to pueblos.

Under the plan of Tepic, Mexico, on the
formation of each new pueblo in the New
World, it was entitled, for its own use, for
building purposes and for cultivation and pas-
turage, to a square of land extending one
league' in each direction from the center of
the plaza, making in all four square leagues.
Where the topography of the country, either
by reason of the juxtaposition of the sea or
of mountain barriers, prevented the land be-
ing taken in the form of a square, the four
leagues were taken in some other form so as
to include the pueblo.

On the settlement of the pueblo of San Jose,
the Mission of Santa Clara having been es-
tablished to the west, the Mission of San Jose
to the north and east, and the Mission of
San Juan to the south, it became necessary to
designate the boundaries so that the jurisdic-

tion of the pueblo and the adjoining Missions
should not conflict. Frc^n year to year the
old inhabitants of the ])ueblo, in company with
the ydunger persons in the conimunity, were
accustomed tn go out and ^■isit the monu-
ments erected to designate these lines, and
to cast additional stones upon them to keep
them intact. The delimiting line between the
pueblo and the Mission of San Jose ran from
the mountains to the bay, about midway be-
tween Warm Springs and the present town
of Milpitas. On the west the Guadalupe River
was fixed as the boundary, \^hile the line be-
tween the pueblo and the Mission of San Juan
was fixed across the Aalley to the south in the
vicinity of Las Llagas Creek.

San Jose Land Company

San Jose, before the admissiijn of California
to the Union, was one of the few populous
settlements in California and was known at
the time, and before, as the "Upper Pueblo."
The city becoming involved and unable to pay
the debt incurred to provide suitable accom-
modations for the Legislature and the officers
of the state, a judgment was obtained against
her and her creditors. An execution was is-
sued on the judgment and all the pueblo lands
were sold at sheriif^'s sale and bought in by
a syndicate styling itself the "San Jose Land
Company." This syndicate soon became
known locally as "The Fortjr Thieves," al-
though the number of its members was less
than forty and they were, by no means, thieves.
But the title they claimed under became pop-
ularly known as the "Forty Thieves Title."

The San Jose Land Company, after acquir-
ing its sherilT's deed to lands belonging to
the city, claiming to be the successor in in-
terest to the pueblo, presented its claim to
the United States Land Commission, sitting
in San Francisco, praying for confirmation to
it of the lands contained within the estab-
lished boundaries, asserting that there had
been a concession by the Spanish Crown of
that large tract to the pueblo. A mass of
documentary evidence, correspondence, etc.,
was introduced, also the testimony of wit-
nessee to the fact that the monuments had
been placed there years before and had been
recognized by the aitizens. Althoug'h no
formal concession or grant had ever been
found or produced, it was asserted that those
acts indicated that one had actually been
made. The board and the U. S. District Court
confirmed the grant to these exterior boun-
daries.

In the meantime settlers had located on
lands included in this tract under the impres-
sion that they belonged either to the Govern-
ment or to private parties from whom they

66

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

had purchased. They had made improvements
and established homes. By this decision ex-
tending the limits of the pueblo, their prop-
erty was absorbed, and they united, some four-
teen of them, in securing an appeal to the
Supreme Court.

At that time there was in existence a body
known as the commissioners of the funded
debt of the City of San Jose. Judge F. E.
Spencer, who was a member of this board,
was anxious to have the decision of the Dis-
trict Court sustained, believing that the land
company had no valid claim, and that if the
title to this large tract was confirmed to the
city it could be maintained. He succeeded
in effecting a compromise, by which the Su-
preme Court affirmed the decision of the lower
court, except as to the tracts claimed by the
fourteen settlers. A final decree to this effect
was made. Afterward this body of land Avas
sold in tracts to actual settlers at the price
fixed by the United States Government for its
public lands. With the proceeds of these sales
the debt of the City of San Jose was extin-
guished and up to 1887 the city had no debt
whatever. In due time the pueblo was sur-
veyed and in 1884 a patent was issued.

The claim of the City Land Company was
the subject of more or less litigation and
trouble from time to time until 1869. It came
up in the case of Branham et al. vs. the City
of San Jose, where it was held by the Supreme
Court that the city's lands were not subject
to execution and sale under a judgment against
her. A number of years later, upon the adop-
tion of a charter by the city, a clause was
inserted which, it was claimed, confirmed the
land company's title. Upon that claim an ac-
tion was brought in the United States Circuit
Court for the District of California to recover
possession of the large body of land within
the corporate limits which had not passed by
legal grants. The case was Leroy vs. Chaboya
et al., some 600 defendants being named, and
involving the title to a very large portion of
land within the city limits. F. E. Spencer,
who was counsel for the defendants, obtained
a ruling from the District Court to the eiifect
that the provisions of the charter referred to
did not amount to a confirmation in favor of
the land company or its successor, thus end-
ing a case of great importance to the city
and surrounding territory, and which went far
to settle land titles in the vicinity.

Grants, of rather an indefinite character,
were claimed to have been made to the vari-
ous Missions, both in Northern and Southern
California. When the Missions were secular-
ized, these grants reverted to the state. Not-
withstanding this act of secularization, several
of the Missions retained more or less landed

property, such as church edifices, orchards,
etc., and these, in most instances, were after-
wards confirmed to the church. But a large
liody of grazing land passed into the general
domain and was re-granted to private indi-
viduals. There was quite an extended legal
warfare before these lands were confirmed to
the church. It was claimed that when the
Missions were secularized all property re-
verted to the Mexican Government, and as it
had never been re-granted it became the public
domain of the LTnited States on the cession of
California, and was therefore subject to pre-
emption. The orchard property at Santa Clara
was particularly valuable and was settled upon
by several sets of squatters. J. W. Redman,
count}' judge for several years, held the orch-
ard, selling the fruit at enormous prices. It
went through several hands, but was finally
confirmed to Archbishop Alemany, represent-
ing the church.

While the Mexicans held California, Lieu-
tenant Moraga, under the direction of the
Spanish Government, partitioned to the orig-
inal settlers the lands of the new pueblo of
San Jose. The allotments were made in ac-
cordance with a rule adopted b}' the govern-
ment by which all pueblos or towns were to
be laid out and established under the plan of
the city of Tepic. The tracts of land were
divided into three classes : solares, or building
lots ; suertes, or lots for cultivation, and egidos,
or lots ff)r pasturage and wood. By the Tepic
method, each family was given four suertes
and one solar.

Though there is no record evidence that
an allotment ^vas made after the pueblo was
moved from its first location. Judge Spencer
said that in 1852, and even later, there re-
mained landmarks that showed something of
the general plan of the location. Among these
were the stumps of hedge-rows forming alleys
leading to the Guadalupe River — evidently
roads used by women going to the creek to do
their washing. At that time, and until the
willows and other vegetation had disappeared,
the Guadalupe Avas a perennial stream, sup-
plied in the summer time from the springs in
the lower ground south of town, while from
the Guadalupe were the remains, tolerably
defined, of ditches leading into Canoas Creek.
This word "canoas," besides meaning "canal,"
also signifies a "trough," and it was probably
for this latter meaning that the Mexicans ap-
plied it to this stream, as they evidently used
it for the purpose of conveying water to their
suertes, or planting lands.

There were also the remains of branch
ditches, or acequias. One went out and crossed
the plaza near the site of the city hall and
continued on, crossing First Street near San

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

67

Fernando, as if to irrigate the land sk>ping to
the north and east. Another one was a Httle
west of Market Street, crossing Santa Clara
Street diagonally, going through the grounds
now occupied by the Sisters of Notre Dame
and continuing to the present site of the Hotel
Vendome. From this was irrigated the lands
between it and the Guadalupe River. In one
of the suits regarding the land claimed as
suertes, old Pedro Chaboya and other old Mex-
ican witnesses testified that all the alkali land
in the northeast ]iortion of the city was, in
very early days, fine land for crops; but the
Coyote Creek having overflowed its banks and
rushed down across the country, the top-soil
was washed off and when the water receded
it was converted into an alkali sink.

With the Americans came land speculators,
and as the pueblo grew in importance and its
lands in value, suits were started to obtain
possession of some of the most valuable por-
tions of the city under suerte title. None of
them, however, were successful, but they
formed a chapter of the most important and
sharpest litigation in the history of the county.
There being no record of the original allot-
ment of suertes, their existence could be proved
onlv by parol testimony, and for this purpose
the "oldest inhabitant" was in constant de-
mand. There stood a few old landmarks with
all the dignity due to their antiquity, but
neither these nor the imperfect family tradi-
tions of the oldest poblanos were sufficient to
warrant a judgment in favor of the claimants.
The methods used by the Americans to
measure and mark out the boundaries of their
grants were very crude and resulted in much
inaccuracy. Many of them, when surveyed
by the United States, shrank or expanded in
dimension to the extent of many hundreds of
acres. Persons who had settled on what was
thought to be Government land would, after
some years of labor, find their property in-
cluded within the boundaries of a neighboring
grant and would be forced to lose their homes
or purchase them again of another owner.
Some persons were compelled to purchase
their farms several times before their title be-
came assured. This state of affairs caused
great dissatisfaction among the settlers and
societies were formed to meet adverse claims
and prevent eviction.

These societies, though very determined in
the expression of their rights, generally
avoided violent measures. In fact, with one
exception, they confined their efforts to the
raising of funds for the purpose of defending
their claims in the courts. The exception re-
ferred to occurred in 1861 and is thus recorded
by Frederic Hall: "The greatest excitement
and demonstration that was ever exhibited in

this county upon the question of land titles
took place this year. The grant of Antonio
Chabolla for the tract of land known as the
Yerba Buena Rancho, Ij'ing east or southeast
of town, had been confirmed to the claimants
thereof under the Chabolla title by the United
States courts. There were many settlers on
the land, some of whom had occupied the same
for quite a lengthy period under the belief that
it was public land. They seemed to be of the
opinion that the grant was a fraudulent one,
notwithstanding the fact that the land had
been patented by the United States in accord-
ance with the decree of confirmation. The
advice which had been given the settlers was
evidently not of that kind which had a tend-
ency to better them, or to cause them to view
the matter in a proper light. They were in-
duced to spend money in the way of lawyers'
fees that was as useless as throwing money
into the sea. The Government had conveyed,
in fee simple, the land to the claimants, and
no party but the United States could move to
set aside that patent upon the ground of fraud
or any other ground. Suits in ejectment had
been instituted against some of the settlers on
said land and judgment rendered against them
for the possession of certain tracts by the
Third Judicial Court, in and for the County
of Santa Clara. William Matthews, Esq., of
counsel for plaintiff in those cases, caused
writs of execution for possession to be issued
to the sheriff that the plaintiff might have pos-
session in accordance with his judgments.

''The sheriff summoned a posse of 600 men
to go with and to aid him in executing the
writ. When the posse assembled at the Court
House they were asked if they were armed,
to which they replied in the negative ; then
being asked if they would arm themselves,
likewise replied in the negative. They were
then dismissed. About one o'clock in the
afternoon about a thousand settlers paraded
through the town, some on horses, some in
wagons, some on foot, and nearly all armed.
The_y had one small cannon. All the settlers'
leagues of the county and some from adjoin-
ing counties were said to have been present.
Toward the close of day they went to their
respective homes without doing any damage,
save that of disobeying the writ."

Until 1847 there had not been much certainty
as to the location of, or titles to, lots in the
pueblo of San Jose. It seems to have been
taken for granted that the laws regulating the
establishment of Mexican towns had been com-
plied with and that those in possession had
valid titles. Whether the title was good or
not seemed to be of little consequence under
the then existing condition of affairs. There
were no regularly laid-out streets. The cen-

68

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ter of the town was the Juzgado, or the plaza,
and the houses were scattered north and south
on irregular lines with a roadway between.
The roadway is now Market Street. After the
defeat of Sanchez at the battle of Santa Clara,
and the certainty that the arms of the United
States would be victorious in Mexico, the for-
eigners became impressed with the conviction
that Alta California would be ceded to the
victors and a permanent government estab-
lished. Viewed in this light, the solares and
suertes of the pueblo became of more impor-
tance and an attempt was made to settle the
question of their ownership.

Early in 1S47 the Ayuntamiento and the
alcalde directed William Campbell to survey a
plat of land a mile square to be laid out in
building lots. Assisted by his brother Thomas,
he did this work, the tract so surveyed lying
between the following boundaries : C)n the
north by Julian Street, on the east b_v Eighth
Street, south by Reed Street and \\'est by Mar-
ket. This tract was intended to exclude all
cjuestions relating to suerte claims. John Bur-
ton, ^vho \vas then alcalde and had resided in
San Jose for twenty years, stated that the
result of his investigation was that no suerte
claims, except the Gongora claim, extended
farther south than Julian Street, or farther east
than Market Street. This is the original plat
of San J<ise and from this survey may be dated
the existence of the city. The streets were
located through this tract, making nine blocks
from Julian to Reed and eight blocks from
Market to Eighth. The exact course of the
streets running north and south was at 45 deg.
west, magnetic variation, 15 deg. 22 min. east.
The length of these streets was 5,607 feet. The
cross streets were laid out at right angles to
these.

The survey having been completed and a
map filed, the alcalde gave notice to all per-
sons claiming land "within the limits of the
survey to present them to him for investiga-
tion, and, if found valid, he would issue them
a new title. Burton, who was no lawyer,
seemed to possess a remarkably level head.
Notwithstanding persistent litigation on the
part of contesting claimants, all the alcalde
grants under the Campbell survey have been
held by the Supreme Court to be valid. In
Campbell's survey four blocks were reserved
for a public square. This was named Wash-
ington Square and is the present location of
the State Teachers' College, the high school
and the Carnegie Library.

The pueblo having been thus located, its
limits and boundaries of its blocks and lots
defined, the settlers from the states resolved to
secure a portion of the outside lands belonging
to the pueblo. A meeting was called, the prop-

osition to make the survey into lots of 500
acres each was adopted and J. D. Hutton ap-
pointed to make the survey. This was done
in July of the same year. The lots were num-
bered consecutively and corresponding num-
bers placed in a hat. The head of each family
was ])ermitted to draw one number, this en-
titling him to choose a lot, his choice being in
the order of the numbers drawn — that is, the
person drawing number one was entitled to
first choice, and so on. After the drawing the
alcalde gave to each party a certificate of title.
These alcalde titles were afterwards declared
in^■alid by the Supreme Court.

In May, 1848, another survey of the town
was made, this time by C. S. Lyman. He was
a practical surveyor and possessed all the nec-
essary implements for practical work. By this
sur\e}' the limits ^vere extended easterly to
Eleventh Street. He enlarged Washington
Square to its present dimensions, 1,160 by 1,005
feet. He laid out St. James Square, which is
610 b\- 550 feet. Market Square, the site of
the city hall, he fixed at 1,160 by 259 feet.
Market, Santa Clara and Eifth streets were
made each 100 feet wide, and all the streets
running north and south, except Fifth, were
made 80 feet ^vide. The system adopted by
the survey is the one now in use. San Fer-
nando vStreet is the base line and the ranges
are counted easterly from Market Street.
Other surveys have been made as additional
territory was taken into the city limits.

The tract of land lying west of Market
Street and along the Guadalupe River, was
used for cultivation and was not surveyed into
town lots for several years after the admission
of California into the Union. It was held as
suertes and was watered by an acequia, or
ditch, leading from the Canoas Creek south of
town. This ditch furnished water to the peo-
])le for some time after California became a
state ; l)ut gradually the foreigners acquired
this land from the RIexicans and streets were
opened from time to time as the population
increased.

Public Treasury Robbed

Before the first month of the year 1853 had
been brought to a close, the entire county was
startled by the news that the public treasury
had been robbed. The treasurer, William
Aikenhead, declared that he had been knocked
down in the darkness of night and robbed of
his keys, and that the unexpectedness of the
attack prevented him from recognizing the
robber. His story of the assault was this:
Hearing a noise in the rear of the building
about eight o'clock in the evening, and not
long afterward a step on the front porch and
a calling of his name, he opened the door to

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

69

ascertain who it was. Instantl_v he received a
blow on the head that laid him prostrate; he
was then choked, his pockets emptied and the
key of the safe taken. The office was then
entered and several thousand dollars were car-
ried away. The board of supervisors placed
full credence in Aikenhead's story, and after
investigation made a report exonerating him
from neglect or blame. In the month of Feb-
ruary, Aikenhead disappeared. A committee
of three, in company with the district attorney,
was ap])ointed to examine all the books and
papers in the treasurer's office and file a re-
]iort with the clerk. The committee was com-
posed of J. M. Murphy, W. R. Bassham and
A\'. L. Smith, and their report made Aikenhead
a defaulter in an amount approximating
$20,000.

Following is the list of the various tracts of
land in Santa Clara County to which title was
granted l.iy the Spanish and IMexican govern-
ments :

Arroyo de los Pilarcitos, one scpiare league,
to Candelario Miramontes. Canada del Corte
de Madera, to Domingo Peralta. Canada de
San Felipe Las Animas, two square leagues,
to Charles M. AVeber ; patented August 9, 1866.
Canada de I'ala, 8,000 b}^ 1,200 varas, to Jose de
Jesus Bernal et al. ; patented August 9, 1863.
Canada de los Capitancillos, to Guadalupe Min-
ing Company. El Corte de Madera, two square
leagues, to Maximo Martinez; patented June
14,"l85S. El Pasito de las Animas, 3,042 acres,
to Robert AA'alkenshaw. Embarcadero de
Santa Clara, LOOO varas, to Barcelia Bernal.
Juristae, one square league, to Antonio and
Fausten German. La Polka, one square league,
to Bernard Murphy; patented March 3, 1860.
La Purissima Concepcion, one scjuare league,
to Juana Briones. Los Tularcitos, to Antonio
Hignora et al.. heirs of Jose Hignora ; patented
July 8, 1870. Las Animas, or Sitio de la Brea,

to Jose Maria vSanchez. Las Coches, one-half
square league, to Antonio Sunol et al. ; pat-
ented Decemlier 31, 1857. La Laguna Seca,
four square leagues, to Liberata Cesena Bull
et al. ; patented November 24, 1865. Los Capi-
tancillos, three-cjuarters of a square league, to
Charles Fosset ; patented February 3, 1865.
Las Animas to Frederic E. Whiting. Milpitas,
one square league, to Jcjse Maria Alviso. Mis-
sion of Santa Clara to James C. Galindo.
Mission of vSanta Clara, 13,13 acres, church
property; patented March 3, 1858. Ojo de
Agua de la Coche, two square leagues, to Ber-
nard Murphy; patented Januar)' 4, 1860. Po-
trero de Santa Clara, one sc[uare league, to
Robert F. Stockton. Pastoria de las Borregas.
3207^4 acres, to Martin Murpln' ; patented De-
cember 15, 1865. Pueblo de San Jose, to Mayor
and Common Council; confirmed October 8,
1866. Pala, one square league, to Ellen White
et al., widow and heirs of Charles White.
Quito, three square leagues, to ^.lanuel Alviso;
patented Ma}- 14, 1866. Rincon de San Fran-
cist] uito, one-half square league, to Maria An-
tonia Mesa, ^vidow of Rafael Soto. Rancho de
Ivefugio, or Pastoria de las Borregas, three
S(|uare leagues, to Tomas Pacheco and Augus-
tin Ah"iso. Rincon de los Esterus to Francisco
Berrycssa et al., heirs of G. Berryessa. Rin-
con de los Esteros to Rafael Ah'iso et al.
Rinciin de los Esteros, two thousand acres, to
Ellen E. W'hite. Rinconada de los Gatos, one
and (ine-half square leagues, to Sebastian Per-
alta and Jose Hernandez ; patented Alarch 19,
1860. Santa Ana y Quien Sabe, seven square
leagues, to Juan Miguel Angas and Manuel
Lariiis; patented Ma}' 1, 1860. San Ysidro,
one square league, to Ouentin Ortega et al. ;
ixitented September 27. 1869. San Francisco
de las Llagas, six square leagues, to Bernard,
Daniel, James and Martin Murphv; patented
.March 19, 1868.

CHAPTER IV.

The Early Bar of San Jose — Alcalde Burton's Common Sense — The Eccen-
tricities of Judge Redman — Strange Career of Rufus A. Lockwood —
Irrepressible J. Alexander Yoell — Change in Court System.

Courts of First Instance had no existence in
San Jose until after the American occupation.
The first court was organized in 1849 and held
its last session in March, 1850, when the
County and District courts were organized.
Prior to this period justice was administered
in San Jose by the alcaldes. The first Ameri-
can alcalde was James Stokes, who was ap-
pointed by Captain Fallon when Dolores Pa-
checo was deposed. He was succeeded by
John Burton, and of Burton Judge John E.
Richards of the Appellate Court, and one of
San Jose's ablest and most respected citizens,
writes as follows in his entertaining booklet,
"The Earl}' Bench and Bar of San Jose" :

"Old John Burton, Capitan Viejo, the na-
tives called him, was appointed to office by
Captain Montgomery, militar}- commander of
the Northern District of California, on Octo-
ber 19, 1846, about three months after Captain
Thomas Fallon had hoisted the Stars and
.Stripes in front of the Juzgado. The old al-
calde was a pioneer of the pioneers. He had
fleserted from a New England merchantman
in 18.^0 and. coming to the pueblo of San Jose,
had married a Mexican woman, assumed the
title of captain anrl li\ed an easy existence
among the natives until disturljed by the
American occupation. He was a native of
.Massachusetts, init he seems to have neglected
those opportunities for book learning which
that home of culture afforded. He \\as a man,
however, of consideral:ile common sense, is re-
puted to ha\-e been \'ery honest and to have
liad the esteem and confidence of the native
Ijopulation. The office of alcalde required
these qualities in an eminent degree just at
that time wlien the loose garments of RIexican
rule were Ijeing replaced with the close-fitting
fabric of American institutions. The alcaldes'
courts of California had, prior to the change in
go\'ernment, ])ossessed a very wide and quite
undetermined jurisdiction, and had been con-
ducted with a freedom from the formalities of
jurisprudence which was primiti\e in the ex-
treme. Alcalde Burton continued to exercise
the jurisdiction of his predecess(jrs with much
the same laxity in forms. No fusty lawyers
ever y)rofaned the sacred precincts of Alcalde
Burton's Juzgado, either to hinder or hasten
his judgments with pleas of writs sustained by

musty precedents. There was a patriarchal
simplicity about the administration of justice
in Alcalde Burton's court. The old Juzgado
stood in the center of wdiat is now known as
?vlarket Street, at its intersection with El
Dorado Street. It was a low adobe building,
divided into three compartments — the alcalde's
court, the smaller room for the clerk of the
court, and the calaboose. There old Captain
Burton sat and administered justice in his own.
original way, following somewhat loosely the
forms of the Alexican law relating to alcaldes'
courts. The method of procedure was as in-
teresting as it was unique. Every grievance
which a complainant had against a person, for
which he had, or hoped to have, a legal rem-
edy, he carried to the alcalde and openly stated
his case. Thereupon Alcalde Burton called his
alguazil, or constable, and delivering to him
his siher-headed cane, as the symbol of his
authorit}', directed him to bring the person
against whom the complaint was urged before
the alcalde. The cane was an important part
of the judicial system. It was the vara de
just'icla, of 'staff of justice,' and in the hands
of the alguazil symbolized the state. Bearing
the alcalde's sil\ er-headed cane before him, the
alguazil sought out the defendant and, holding
up the staff, deliAcred his oral summons to
appear immediately at the juzgado. The de-
fendant never disobeyed the command of the
alcalde, but at once came before him. When
he arrived the complainant was sent for and
the i)arties met in the presence of the alcalde.
What was technically called, what was in fact,
an 'altercation,' then ensued between the par-
ties. The alcalde sat and heard their dispute
and endeavored to adjust their differences and
strike a l)alance (.>f justice between them upon
their own statement of facts. Very frequently
he A\'as successful and a sort (jf compromise
judgment was rendered at once. When, how-
ever, the parties ^^'ere too wide apart for com-
])romise, the case proceeded as follows: Each
j)arty chose an arbitrator and these two buenos
hombres. as they were termed, sat with the
alcalde and heard the evidence in the case. If
then they and the alcalde could agree upon
a judgment, it was rendered accordingly; but
if not, the alcalde dismissed the buenos hom-
bres and decided the case himself. So ran the
wheels of justice in Alcalde Burton's court.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

71

"The record which oUl John Burton kept of
his cases was a very meatier one, and hence a
large mass of interesting court notes have
been lost with the passage of years. Some few
recorded cases there are, and in the recollec-
tion of our pioneers a few more remain to
illustrate the unique character of primitive jus-
tice here. hVom among the ancient documents
reposing in our city archives the following case
has been exhumed and translated for this
sketch. Pedro Mesa was accused of stealing
Thomas Jones' horse. The record reads :

" 'Territory of California vs. Pedro Mesa —
May 1, 1847. The parties having appeared and
the case entered into, after weighing the case
and taking testimony, judgment is rendered
that defendant shall pay a fine of $5, and $9
for saddling the horse, and costs of court taxed
at $4.75 ; $2 for the guard.' Alcalde Burton
evidently did not regard horse-stealing as a
very serious offense, and does not seem to
have visited upon it a suflicient penalty to
make the avocation unprofitable. It is curi-
ous to note that Alcalde Burton records him-
self as 'weighing the case and taking the tes-
timony.' It would appear from all we can
learn that it was the mental habit of the old
captain to weigh the case first and make up
his mind about it, and then, as a mere form-
ality, 'take the testimony.'

"Another of Alcalde Burton's decisions has
survived the tooth of time. Juan Lesaldo and
his wife did not agree and yet had hardly
reached that point where they agreed to dis-
agree. Juan, therefore, laid before the alcalde
a complaint, of which, with the subsequent
proceedings, the following record remains :
Juan Lesalda vs. Maria de los Naves. On
complaint of plaintiff, that defendant, his wife,
he believes, is about to abscond, he therefore
claims that she be brought before the court to
show cause why she will not live with him.
The parties having appeared and the case en-
tered into, April 27, 1847, it is directed that
they be united again, and if not they shall be
imprisoned until they consent to live together.
May 1st. ,\ letter was sent to the priest at
Santa Clara, who ordained that they should
be compelled to live together. After three
days' time was given she refused to comply.
May 4, 1847. Defendant was put in prison
until she should comph- with the order of the
court.' Here the record ends, and whether
Maria de los Naves was ever brought back to
the arms of her spouse by the stern rigor of
the law remains a problem which may well
be submitted with The Lady or the Tiger' to
our modern dames for a solution. So far as
known the precedent' set by Alcalde Burton
has not been followed by those who have suc-
ceeded him in a judicial effort to adjust the

differences which have ever arisen in domestic
life. There are, however, a few fragmentary
records of Burton's decisions which show that
he foreshadowed at least some phases of our
modern law. On March 7, 1847, Alcalde Bur-
ton dismissed a complaint brought by Gabriel
Castro against Antonio Hernairo to recover
plaintiff's winnings in a horse-race. It does
not appear whether Hernairo was the loser in
the wager, or only the stakeholder, but if the
cause had been tried before our present courts
instead of before the old alcalde, the same rule
would be applied.

"There are a few other cases preserved in
scant records, wliich, if not yet precedents,
might well be made so. In 1847 P. Real com-
plained before the alcalde of 'men who stand
in the church doors to look at the women as
thev come from mass.' The alcalde judged
that it was a 'practice which should be stopped
in the interests of religion, morality and public
tranquility.' In another case a Mexican was
complained of for selling liquor and was tried
without a jury, as the alcalde naively explains
that the 'native element of the juries in such
cases failed to convict.'

"The Court of the First Instance was estab-
lished in San Jose in the spring of 1849. R.
M. May was the first occupant of the bench
as judge of the court. He was shortly suc-
ceeded by Judge Kincaid, who remained on the
])ench until the court was abolished by the
formation of the state. The pioneer members
of the bar were Peter O. Minor, C. T. Ryland,
Craven P. Hester, James M. Jones, William
\'an Voorhies, Judge Almond, William T.
Wallace, George B. Tingley, Rufus A. Lock-
\\'ood and others, some of whom lived in San
Jose and some of whom came down from San
Francisco when cases required. The yarns
^\d^ich those old 'Nestors' told upon them-
selves, upon their clients and upon each other,
would -fill a A'olume. One of the earliest cases
tried before Judge Kincaid was the famous
mule case of Caldwell vs. Gode)'. The plain-
tiff sued the defendant for the possession of a
mule which he averred was his property. The
defendant denied the allegation and the case
came on. Caldwell produced a dozen or more
reputable witnesses who swore that they had
known the plaintiff in Missouri, where he had
o^vned the mule ; that they had crossed the
plains with him when he brought the mule to
California : that there was no doubt as to the
identity of Caldwell's mule. On the other
hand, the defendant produced as many wit-
nesses, equally reputable, who swore they
had known the defendant, Godey, and his mule
in Texas, and that they had come to California
with the mule, and there was no earthly doubt
that this was Godey 's mule. They also swore

72

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

that the mule was branded with a diamond on
its hip. The court was sitting in the old Juz-
gado and was in a quandary indeed. At this
point John Yontz. the sheriff, came into court
and asked his honor if he should bring in the
witness. The judge, all innocent, told the
sheriff to 'bring him in.' The sheriff brought
'him' in and the ^\•itness ^\-as the mule. He
filled the courtroom with his presence and the
court with righteous indignation. 'Mr. Yontz,'
said his lionor, sternly, 'take that mule out of
here, sir.' 'Hut your honor ordered me to
bring him in,' responded Yontz, 'and I obeyed
the order.' The scene ^vas ludicrous in the ex-
treme ; the sober face of the facetious sheriff':
the still more sober aspect of the innocent
mule: the judge's withered face jtale with in-
dignation, and the countenances of the specta-
tors red with mirth. The ^^'itness was taken
out, but his intrcidnctirm won the case for the
defendant, for there upon his ne\vlv-sha\-en hip
appeared the diamond brand to which the other
^\'itnesses had sworn."

The constitution ordained and the first
legislature estal)lished a complete s\'stem of
courts \\-hich should suiiersedc the courts of
the Alcalde and the First Instance. These '
were District, County and fustice's courts, and
the}- A\'ere put into operation fluring the year
1850. Judge John H. AA'atson «-as apixjinted
the first district judge of the Third Judicial
District, ^\■hich included the ciiunties of Contra
Costa, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz and Montere\-.
J. "W. Redjuan was rmr first count\' judge.
The influx of population into the state had
brought ]a\\}-ers rif all degrees of excellence
from all f|uarters of the globe. The session of
the first Legislature had left a numlx-r r]f law-
yers \vlir) \\-ere its memljers ti^i increase and
adorn our local Ijar. Of the many bright
minds A\-h(j practiced law before Judges Wat-
son and Redman and their successors, the fol-
lowing are a few: Freeman McKinney, AVil-
liam T. AVallace, F. ?,. Murdoch, AVilliain Mat-
thews, ;\. L. ^'ates. F. K. Sanford, H(-)race
Hawes, Rufus A. r.,ockwood, [. Alexander
Yoell, John 11. Mo,,re, judge Almond. AVil-
liam StaiTord. William D. Flarvard, C. T. Ry-
land, (k-orge ]!. Tingley, Alexander Campbell,
A. V. Crittenden, James M. Jones, La\\'rence
Archer, Thomas Lodley and Judge R. F. Peck-
ham. These Avere not all, but the>- \vill exam-
ple the local bar, and while man\- of these are
gfjne forecer from our \ision, from th(]se who
remain the quality of the rest may be esti-
mated. I will tell the stories of the early bar
in much the same order that thev ha\'e l)een
told tc] me :

"Judge Watson A\-as, by prr>fession, a physi-
cian, who had learned a sufficient smattering
of the law to secure a seat upon the bench, for

which place there was little competition among
lawyers, for the reason that the salary was
comparatively small, while the fees at that time
\\'ere large to the lawyer who was competent
to be judge. The style of Judge Watson's
charges to his juries was, therefore, often free
from legal verbiage and of legal principles as
well, as the following story of the case of Dean
vs. IMcKinle}' will illustrate : The case was
tried in Monterey County and took its origin
in this \\-ise: McKinley was a merchant at
^lontere}- in the '40s. It was part of his busi-
ness to stock traders who were going to the
mines. Dean was one of these traders and he
bought from McKinle}' a stock of goods, prom-
ising to ])a_\' him when he returned. Several
}-ears jiassed and Dean did not return until
after the ;Vmerican occupation. He came
liack 'broke,' and showed no dispr>sitir)n to pav
McKinley for his goods. Finalh' the latter
went l^cfore Alcalde Mariano Malarin and had
Dean arrested and im])risf)ned for the debt.
The Monterey jail at that time ^vas in no
cr)ndition to keep a ^irisoner long against his
\\\\\, but it suited shiftless "William Dean to
stay there. He was his own jailer and "when
e\'ening came he would ]")ull the plug out of
the jail door and go to the fandangoes or other
places of amusement, and after the fun A\-as
o\-cr would go fiack to the jail, lock himself
in ,'Lnd go to sleep, swearing' he 'would make
old Mclvinley ])a_\" frjr this false imprisonment
of an .\nierican citizen.' Well, \\-hen the Dis-
trict Coin-t tt'as cirganized Dean, incited there-
to by sex'er.al lawyers on contingent fees, sued
McKinley for large damages lor his alleged
'false ini|)risonment.' The case came on for
trial \\-ith :i cloud of attorncA-s on either side,
it A\-ns a ]u-olonged case and A\'hen cmicluded
A\'as argued at great length b}- all of the attor-
ne_\'s. AMien finally the cause was submitted
to the jury, Jmlge AA'atson squared himself
afiout pompously, and (lcli\"ered the following
charge :

" '(Tcntlemen of the jury, as the mariner re-
turning to his jiost after a long sea A-t)vage is
enabled to catch a faint and fleeting glimpse
of the land through mists and fog which sur-
round it, so )'ou, gentlemen of the jur}-, may
be able, by the aid of the court, to catch a dim
conception of the facts in this case through
the obscurity which the arguments of counsel
ha\-c throAxui arcjund it. I \\\\\ illustrate the
merits of this case with a simile. I will liken
this case to a railroad train. The court is the
track, the attornews are the engine, and the
client is the grease. You all know, gentlemen
of the jury^ how an engine \\W\ run Avhen it is
well greased. In fact, I ha\'e seen engines so
well greased as to cause them to "play such
fantastic tricks l)efore high heaven as made
angels weej)." To carry the simile further,

HISTORY OF SANTA CT.ARA COUNTY 72>

gentlemen, suppose that a railroad train runs "Among the attorneys wlio practiced before

over and kills a man. Who is to blame? The Judge Redman was Freeman McKinney, whom

engine, the track or the grease? I think, the all the early pioneers will remember. He was

engme. Centlemen of the jury you will bring a little fellow with a long red beard which

m a verdict for the defendant.' came down to his waist, and withal a man of

"Judge Redman, who presided over the a good deal of force and dignity. < )ne day a

County Court, was a good lawver, but was fellow was arraigned liefore Judge Redman

also a man of many ]ieculiarities, of strong for horse-stealing. He had no attorney. The

prejudices and of eccentric modes of expres- Jndge apjiointed Free McKinney to defend

sicm. Some of the lawyers of his court he him, with this instruction: 'Mr. McKinne}',

had a great liking fcir, antl toward others he the court a|)p(>ints you to act as attorney for

manifested dislike \\ithout any apparent rea- this defendant. You ma\' retire with him and

son. Among the former class was William T. .get his statement of the case. You will .give

AYallace, for whom he had a strong affection, the prisoner the best advice and assistance you

and always, out of court, called him "Rilly, m\' are aide in view of the law and of the facts

boy.' Among the latter \\'as ]. Alexander he may ,gi\e you.' McKinney \vent dut with

Yoell, against whom, fre(|uenth' and unjustly, the prisoner to tlic door of the Court House

Redman showed his feeling. ()ne day after the and asked him if he had an}' money. The

trial of a hotly contested case in ■\\-hich Yoell fello\\' said he had a fifty-ddllar slu.g. 'Give it

toiik a A'igorous part. Judge Redman limped to me,' said McKinney. The fellow reluct-

(he had a wooden leg) out of the courtroom, antly ga\e up the slug. 'Now,' said IMcKin-

leaning on AA'allace's arm. T'resently he said, nc}-, 'as a matter of fact, you st(jle that horse,

in a reflecti\-e and S(demn way, as though didn't 3'f)U ?' The jirisoner admitted to his at-

speaking to himself: 'It would not he idola- torne}- that he did. 'In that case,' said Mc-

tr^'.' 'What would not lie idolatry?' asked Ivinne)', T ad\'ise \it\\ to get into the 1)rush

Wallace. 'It would not be ichdatr)- to bo\\- as fast as the Lcjrfl will let }-ou.' The prisoner

down and \\-orship him,' said the Judge in the '.got,' and presentl}- ^McKinney wandered liack

same reflectiA'C ^vay. 'A\'orsIiip whom?" asked -into tlie court rofjm and sat down. Socm the

AWallace. 'It would not lie idolatry to fall case of the horsethief \vas called. '\\'here is

down and W(:>rship Yoell,' resp(:}nded Redman. A'our client, the prisoner, Mr. ArcKinne\'?' in-

'And wh}- not?' asked W^allace. 'LUll}-, my (piire<l Jud.ge Redman, 'I don't know, your

boy," said the Jud.ge scdemnly, 'haA'e a'ou for- honor,' answered ]\IcKinne}', Avitli the utmost

gotten the commandment A\diich saA's, "Thou sang-froid. 'The last time I saw him he was

shalt ucit bow- down and worshif) tlie likeness making for the brush abi>ut as fast as he

of anything that is in hea\-en abo\e, or that could go.' 'Is it possil)le, sir,' thundered the

is in the earth beneath, or that is in the waters court, 'that }-ou ha\'e permitted the prisoner to

under the earth"? No\\", Yoell is not like an>'- escape?' 'Your honor,' said McKinneA", calmh',

thing that is in the hea\'en above, nor in the '1 ha\e olie}"ed tc> the letter the order r.f this

earth beneath, nor in the Avaters under the court. Your honor a])|)ointed me as the at-

earth, and therefore I'll be dashed if it would tcjrney for the defendant with the instruction

constitute idolatry to fall do\\'n and worship that 1 should give him the best ad\-ice I Avas

hini.' able in \\q\y of the law and the facts. The

"Anr.ther member of the early bar whom ^'f^^ ,"'e>-t. as the defemlant admitted to me.

Judge Redman disliked was F. B. Murdoch, that he stole the horse. I he best advice I

, , ^ ^ ■ ^ ^ ,• 1- ir could gue him was to get int(-) the birush.

who ater went into local lournalism. Aiur- .ir ,„ .i, .• * i t i t> i -^i i-

, , , , - T TT AT • i-lum])hl snorted ludge Redman witli dignity,

doch had a case ot J. hi. Moses against some- x'all the next case"'

body and got a jiulgment. One of the wit- ..^p, , j i t r i i

" - . ■^, J &■ i he storA' ot how b"i Johnson summoned

nesses in the case was named Moses Scott, y^,,,^,^ Redman mto cairt" one morning, and

and when Murdoch came to write his decree t^g penalty therefor, is fresh in the minds of

he wrote the name of the witness m it by „„-,re than one member of the bar. fudge

mistake for that of the plaintiff. Discovering Redman liked his tipple and would also ''buck

his error later on, he made a motion before the tiger' on occasion. The County C<-)urt was

Judge Redman to set aside the decree and held for a season in a building which stood

haye entered an amended one, and when he near the corner of Santa Clara Street and

had concluded Judge Redman said : '^Ir. Mur- Lightston Alley. .A. saloon was across the

doch, your motion is denied. It has long been street in Avhich Judge Redman spent much of

the well settled rule of this court that when his time and A\diere he often lingered beyond

an attorney comes before this court with a the hour for couAening his court, (jne day

case and burns himself he will be compelled the assembled bar grew impatient at his ab-

to sit on the blister.' sence. Freeman McKinney called the bar to

74

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

order and gravely moved that the bailiff be
instructed to call 'old' Redman at the door of
the court three times, and that if he failed to
answer he be fined for contempt of court. The
bailiff \\as Jo Johnson, and taking the matter
in all seriousness, he went to the door and in
a powerful voice called out: 'Old Redman!
Old Redman! If you fail to answer you will
be fined for contempt of court.' The sten-
torian tones of Bailiff Johnson penetrated to
the room where Judge Redman was seated at
his game of cards. He deliberately finished
the game and the lawyers heard the uneven
thump of the Judge's wooden leg as he crossed
the street. He entered the court slowly,
ascended the bench with dignity, and then
said with judicial severity: 'Mr. Clerk, enter
a fine of seventy-five dollars against Jo John-
son for contempt of this court.' When |o
Johnson afterwards told this story he alwa\s
ended it in an injured tone: 'The worst of it
was that the blanked old fool made me pay
that fine.'

"Aproi)OS of Judge Redman's social infirmi-
ties, the following story is told as an actual
fact: The bar became tired of the Judge's
lapses and eccentricities, and at last felt called
upon to request him to resign. The rec|uest
was signed Idv exevy member of the bar in the
county and was ser^'ed one evening upon the
Judge. Tlie next morning his court room
was full of lawyers to see what effect their
petition would have upon Judge Redman. The
Judge entered the rcjcjin, perfectly sober and
with a sad and contrite expression upon his
face. He A\'alked \vith halting step di:)wn the
aisle and awakened a feeling of pit^' in the
breasts of se^■eral who harl signed the request.
The court opened with the customary 'Hear
ye,' and then the venerable iorm of the Judge
arose from the bench. He looked timidh-
around as though searching' for a friend, and
then in faltering tones addressed the bar.
'Gentlemen of the bar,' he said, 'last night I
received a petition from }'ou, signed by all of
your numfier, couched in respectful language
and setting forth reasons whv I should tender
my resignation as judge of thi.s court. Con-
scious of my many infirmities and realizing the
necessit}- of a pure judiciary, throughout the
silent hours of the i)ast night I have given to
your i)etition painful and, I may add, prayerful
consideratirm. I feel, gentlemen, that you have
acted from a high sense of duty in this matter
( liere the eyes of the members of tlie bar be-
gan to moisten \\'ith tears), and in res])onding
to your petition requesting my resignation, I
would simply say (here the Judge straightened
up and altered his tone) that I will see you all
in liell first, and then I w(m't resign. Mr.
Clerk, call the next case.'

"It was one of Judge Redman's infirmities,
if it be such, to be fond of horse-racing and to
bet freely on his favorite. Horse-races were
very frequent in the early '50s and Judge Red-
man generally contrived to make the sessions
of his court conform to the time of the race.
(Jne day a cause was on for argument wherein
John H. Moore represented one side and a
San Francisco attorney the other side of the
controversy. A race was coming oS that day.
Judge Redman had little difficulty in per-
suading Moore to submit the case without ar-
gument in order that both court and counsel
might attend the race. The San Francisco
attorney, however, insisted on arguing his side
of the case. During the first portion of his
speech Judge Redman listened patiently, but
as the hour for the race approached the Judge
Itecame fidgety and cast anxious glances at
the hands of the clock with increasing fre-
cpiency. At last, when the hands of the clock
had all but reached the hour of the race, the
attorney closed his speech. As he sat down
the court hurriedly arose and without a break
uttered the following sentence: 'I will take
this case under advisement until 10 o'clock
tomorrow morning. This court is adjourned.
Moore, I'll bet you $100 the black filly wins
the race.'

"One of the most celebrated cases in Red-
man's court was the trial of a mulatto girl
named Mindy Johnson for grand larceny in
18.t2-.t3. Mind}' ^\'as a very good-looking girl
I'f ripe charms and quite popular among the
Idoods of the bar. It was even reportecl that
Judge Redman had a weakness for Mindv. She
was by vocation a cook and washerwoman and
one (lay fell from grace to the extent of steal-
ing Some articles of clothing and a carpet sack
with $.300 in money from the premises of a man
named White. The theft was discovered and
Almdy was arrested and indicted. In those
davs grand larceny was a capital offense. The
evidence was clear and the girl's own confes-
sion seemed to seal her fate. She was tried
Ijefore Judge Redman and convicted. The
\erdict of the jury was recorded and the mo-
ment for her sentence came. Judge Redman
was at his wit's end for an excuse to save her,
but he had none. 'Mindy,' said the ludge with
assumed severity, 'stand up.' Mindy stood up.
'Have you any cause to show why judgment
of the court should not be pronounced against
your' At this moment Freeman McKinney,
wlio witli William T. Wallace, had been Min-
dy's attorneys, arose, and with much dignity
moved the court for arrest of judgment upon
the grounds that it had been shown in evi-
dence that Mindy was brought to Cali-
iornia by a man named Clarkson as a slave
and had never been manumitted. That

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

75

as a slave she was property aiul that as a
property she could not commit grand lar-
ceny. 'Ah!' said Judge Redman, with a sigh
of infinite relief, 'that's the point which the
court had in mind during the whole trial of
this case, but did not want to suggest to coun-
sel for the defendant. I am glad to see, young
man, that you have not forgotten your early
training in law nor failed to burn the midnight
oil m this case. The point is well taken; the
defendant is discharged, the jury is dismissed
and the court is adjourned.' District Attorney
Moore protested, but his protest availed
naught. The court remained adjourned and
Alindy went on her way rejoicing." The record
of this remarkable case, if anyone is curious
enough to consult it, is to be found in Record
Book H. Court of Sessions, among the musty
tiles of the office of the County Clerk.

"There is another story of Judge Redman
in which John H. Moore figures in his capacity
as District Attorney. In 1852 the state legis-
lature passed a law depriving the county court
of jurisdiction to try certain offenses, of which
grand larceny was one. It took some time in
those days to get the oflicial copies of the
statutes distributed about the state. There
was pending in Judge Redman's court about
that time a peculiar case of grand larceny. A
somewhat lawless limb of the law had gone
out deer hunting, and failing to find deer had
shot and carried home a fine young heifer be-
longing to a Spaniard, who, discovering the of;
fender, had the lawless lawyer indicted. He
retained Lawrence Archer and William T.
AA^allace to defend him and the case came on
for trial. Of course Archer and Wallace
wished to clear their client, both because he
was such and also because he was a fellow at-
torney. Possibly Judge Redman shared in
this desire. It was a hot May morning some
weeks after the legislature had adjourned that
the case was called in Judge Redman's court.
District Attorney Moore arose and asked that
the case be certified to the District Court in
consecjuence of the statute recently passed
which took away the jurisdiction of the county
court. 'Mr. Moore,' said Judge Redman, 'what
evidence have }'ou to offer showing that the
court has no jurisdiction to try this case?' Mr.
Moore respectful!}' called the attention of the
Court to the statute which the legislature had
passed. 'But what proof do you present of the
passage of any such statute?' asked the judge.
'Why, everybody knows that the statute was
passed,' said Moore, 'and here is a newspaper
containing the statute in full,' answered the
district attorney. 'Mr. Moore,' said Judge Red-
man, 'this court does not act upon what every-
body knows in depriving itself of a jurisdic-
tion so often exercised, and, furthermore, I

will inform you, sir, that a newspaper is not
evidence of anything in this court. Proceed
with the trial.' In vain the district attorney
protested that the court had lost its jurisdic-
tion. The court insisted on going on with the
case, until at last the district attorney, in
a rage at the court, left the room. This stopped
the case and the attorneys for the defendant
wanted it to go on. After a while Judge Red-
man sent the sheriff after the district attor-
ney and again demanded that he either go
on with the case or produce a certified copy
of the statute. Mr. Moore would not do the
one and could not do the other and went off
again inwardly (and I suspect outwardly)
cursing the court. Again and again he was
sent for and again and again the procedure
was gone through by the Judge, and so the
hours of a sweltering day moved on in the
old adobe court house until at last Judge Red-
man, after a last attempt to get Moore to try
the case, commanded the clerk to enter upon
the minutes of the court that the case having
been called and the district attorney having
been ordered to proceed with the trial, and
having both refused to do so and failed to
show by proper evidence that the court had
lost jurisdiction of the case, the prisoner
was discharged. So the lucky dog of a law-
yer escaped justice and Messrs. Archer and
Wallace won a bad case without a struggle.
"Among the lawyers who sought success
at the San Jose laar in the early '50s there
were some who found it not and who w^ere
compelled at last to seek it in other voca-
tions and other fields of labor. Among these
was a lawyer named AVilliani M. Staiiord —
a great big, jovial fellow who could not some-
how succeed and had a hard time to get along.
He lived in the southern portion of the city
in a tumble-down tenement and came to be
known among his fellow lawyers as 'The Lord
of Hardscrabble.' At last he gave up the strug-
gle for success at the bar, and going down
into Pajaro Valley, engaged in farming. His
departure was celebrated Ijy the publication of
a poem written b}' Col. William D. M. How-
ard, a very bright and witty lawyer of the
time. I extract from it a few stanzas for
the purpose of illustrating the humor and mer-
it of Colonel Howard's production :

* ,
'THE LORD OF HARDSCRABBLE.

'The Lord of Hardscrabble. Oh! where has he
gone?

He has vamoosed his rancho and left us for-
lorn.

He has gone to the land where the big"
"praties" grow,

76

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

In the rich, loamy valley of the Rio Pajaro.
No more shall his presence enliven our hall
In spring and in summer, in autumn and fall.
No longer his eloquent counsel we'll hear.
When the wise Cit}- Fathers in conclave ap-
pear.
No more will we gather those gems of debate
He let fall when discussing affairs of the state,
^^'ith a broadcast of "palabros" scattered

around
Like the ripe fruit of autumn strewn over the

ground.
The Lord of Hardscrabble, r)h ! what will he

do.
Where the Locos abound and the AVhigs are

so few :
For he's gone where the cocks of Democracy

crow.
O'er the crestfallen coons of Rio Pajaro.

'In the good old AAdiig cause he was valiant

and stout.
W^as never yet conquered and never backed

out.
And Deuiocracy will find itself in a bad box.
For he'll rally the coons and lie down on the

cocks.
The Lord of Hardscrabble's a gallant old blade.
As tlie sex Avill 1)ear witness, both matron and

maid :
But somehow" nr other he lived "an old bach,"
Till the roof of his head has disposed of its

thatch.
Oh ! whv lias lie A'cnturcd to go forth alone
AA'ith "no flesh of his flesh," no bone of his

bone ?
May soine kind-hearted maiden his loneliness

Ijless,
And his fine portlv shadow niai,' it never grow

less.
And \\hen cif warm evenings he seeks his re-

]jose.
On his cot in the house or the ground out of

doors,
IVIav there lie no mosquitoes around him in

' fkicks,
No flies on his nose an<l no fleas in his socks;
May his dair}- be filled with butter and cheese
And his acres aljound with "frijoles" and peas,
Grain, onions, potatijes, whatever Avill grow
And advantage him most in Rio Pajaro.

'The Lord of Hardscrabble, when will he re-
turn ?
His absence Ijoth daily and nightly \ve mourn.
And a greeting of joy will resound in his ears,
When his well-known "cabeza" among us ap-
pears.
Roll on, happy day, wdien his jolly old face,
All radiant \\'ith smiles, shall illumine this
place ;

With his purse full of cash and his heart full

of joy,
Success to Hardscrabble, the jolly old boy.'

"The first court house of the county of Santa
Clara was located on the west side of First
street between Santa Clara and El Dorado
streets, and about opposite what was then
.Archer, but is now Fountain Alle}'. The low-
er part of this building was adobe and was
used as the court room of both the District
and County Courts. The upper part w^as frame
with the stairway on the outside of the build-
ing and in that portion were located the of-
fices of the sheriff and clerks of the court.
"Judge Watson Avas the first district judge.
Judge Redman the first county judge, E. K.
"SanJiorn the first district attorney, H. C. Me-
lone the first clerk, and John Yontz the first
sheriff of the county of Santa Clara. In this
old court house during the years 1850-1, these
dignitaries with the assistance of the members
of the Jiar, dispensed justice in their own primi-
tive but rather vigorous way. A great man}^
of the cases were tried with the aid of the
jur^-, and out of this fact arose a curious cus-
tom, A\-hich, as is iierhajis A\-ell knowm, has
gone iiut of date. In the early '50s Avhittlin.g
was a great acconqdishment in the average
citizen, A\dio idled his time away about the
stores or saloons or in the jdaza of the village
of San Jose. It was probaldy from this class
of citizen that the early juries were mainly
drawn. AA'hen trials were tedious and argu-
ments of counsel long drawn out. A\diat else
could be expected than that the cxi^ert whit-
tlers ("in the jury would perhaps unconscious-
1)' dis]iku- their skill on the benches, posts
and railing of the jury box. Sheriff Yontz,
soon after his otTicial duties liegan thought
that the redwood and ]>ine of the jury box
in tlie court room A\-as gri:i\\-ing grotesque in
form and Ijeautifully less lieneath the expert
jack knives of his juries. He was at a loss
for a time for a remedy, but presently he found
it, and thereafter at every session of the court,
A\'lien a jiuw- A\'as to be drawn, Sheriti: Yontz
graveh' lirought into the court room and
placed on the jury liox a large bundle of white
pine sticks cut to a size and shape to suit a
whittler's fancy. Ky this expedient the sher-
iff sa\ed the pillars and benches of the jury
lif).x from a destruction that was more rapid
than the tooth of time.

"Among the lawyers wdio practiced at the
bar of our District Court Avas William B.
Almond, wdio had Ijeen Judge of the Court
of First Instance in San Francisco before
the organization of the state. Judge Almond
was a genial gentleman of the old school, who
loxed his tipple and always kept a demijohn
of cognac in the chambers adjoining the court.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

77

When the judicial duties of the day were over
it was the Judge's liahit to go to his cham-
bers and enjoy a glass of ct)gnac. The Court
of First Instance Avas a very busy tribunal
during Judge rMmond's term, owing to the
many cases which arose in '49 over the pos-
session oi lots in the growing city. In con-
sequence Judge Almond had a great man}^
papers in the form of orders and decrees to
sign and in the hurry his signature often
became a very hasty and formal act. Among
the attorney's who practiced in Judge Almond's
court was Gregory Yale, who loved joking
and brandy with equal fervor. On one of
Judge Almond's busiest days Gregory Yale
gravely presented an order for the Judge to
sign. The signature was attached and Yale
went away. Presently the court adjourned
and Judge Almond went to his chambers for
his wonted glass. The demijohn was gone and
in high dudgeon Judge Almond called the bail-
iff of the court and asked him what had be-
come of it. The bailiff answered that he had
taken it over to the office of Gregory Yale.
'Who ordered you to do that?' said the Judge
in a rage. 'Your Honor did,' responded the
bailiff, and straightway drew from his pocket
the following order signed by the Judge :

" 'Good cause appearing therefor, it is or-
dered that the bailiff of this court do forth-
with convey to the office of Gregory Yale, Esq.,
that certain demijohn of cognac, now lying
and being in and upon those certain premises
known and more particularly described as the
Chambers of the Honorable Judge of this
Court.' It was the order he had signed that
morning. Judge Almond never saw nor tasted
his cognac again, but the flavor of this joke
remained with him for many a day.

"Throughout all my gleanings of fact and
fancy there has been constantly presented to
me the outlines of a gigantic figure; the rem-
iniscences of a character vast and strange;
the recollections of a genius more powerful,
more original and yet more eccentric than any
other which ever flashed its light across the
history of California ; the memories of a man
and of a lawyer whose living and whose dy-
ing verified the truth, 'Great minds to mad-
ness closely are allied.' I refer to Rufus A.
Lockwood.

"In the early part of the year 1850 an im-
portant case came on for trial in the Court of
First Instance at San Jose. It was the case
of Hepburne vs. Sunol et al., involving the
title and right of possession of a portion of
the Los Coches Rancho. C. T. Ryland and
John H. Moore represented ^he plaintiff and
James M. Jones appeared for the defendants.
The plaintiff's attorneys were then young men,
recently from the East and not yet versed in

the Spanish language or law. The attorney
for the defendant, on the contrary, was a law-
yer of great e,xi)erience in the practice of the
civil (or Spanish) law and a linguist perfect-
ly familiar with the Spanish language. He
was, moreover, one of the deepest students and
most lirilliant men of the time, and in the
case at issue had the young attorneys for the
plaintiff at a disadvantage. One day while
some phase of the case was up before Judge
Kincaid for argument, E. L. Beard, of the
San Jose Mission, happened into the court
mi and soon saw that Moore and Ryland
were getting worsted in their case by rea-
son of Jones' superior knowledge of the Span-
ish law. Fle went over to Moore and sug-
gested that he ought to have the assistance
of a lawyer wdio could read Spanish and cope
with Jones in the application of the law.
'Where can we find such a man?' asked Mr.
Moore. T have the very man you need at
the Mission,' answered Beard, 'and I'll send
him down to assist you. His name is Lock-
wood.' When the day for the trial of the
case came on there walked into Judge Kin-
caid's court room in the old Juzgado a large,
"awkward and roughly dressed man and took
his seat with the plaintiff's attorneys. It was
Rufus A. Lockwood. He made no immedi-
ate manifestation of power, but listened close-
ly while the pleadings were read, the jury im-
paneled, and the trial of the cause begun. He
saw that the case involved one of those clash-
ings between the American and Mexican peo-
ple so common in those early times. He no-
ticed that the jury was a 'Missouri' jury, whose
sympathies would naturally be with the plain-
tiff. He quietly waited for his opportunity to
cope with the only dangerous element in the
case, viz., the learning and ability of James
M. Jones, the defendant's attorney. Presently
a question of law arose and Jones began to
argue it with the aid of the Spanish statutes,
which he read and then translated to the court.
He made an argument clean cut and strong, as
was his w^ont, and sat down confidently. Then
Lockwood arose, and with one sweep of re-
sistless logic destroyed the whole fabric of
Jones' speech. He turned to the very statute
from which Jones had quoted, read it with the
facility of a master of the Spanish tongue,
translated it luminously, expounded it learned-
ly, and from it showed to court and jury that
the law was with the plaintiff in the case. The
whole court room gaped Avith astonishment,
while the plaintiff and his attorneys hugged
themselves with delight at the possession of
such an ally. Every one felt and saw- that
they were in the presence of a master mind.
The expected victory of Jones was turned into
a rout, which during the remainder of the trial

78

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

he could not check with all his talent and in-
dustry. He worked the night out to win his
case, but in vain. 'This man Lockwood is kill-
ing me,' said Jones to Moore as the case drew
to its close. The last day of the trial was

February

1850, when Lockwood's speech to

the jury was delivered. Brief snatches of that
splendid burst of oratory still linger in the
memories of our pioneers who were privileged
to hear it. They tell of Lockwood's descrip-
tion of the Battle of Buena Vista, which oc-
curred on February 22, 1846, and of which
this day was the anniversary. He pictured
General Taylor's victory over the 'greasers' to
that jury of Missourians and called upon them
to celebrate it today with a victory for the
American plaintiff and against the 'greaser'
defendant in the case. Such an appeal was
irresistible and Lockwood not only won his
case but established himself at once as the
greatest lawyer who had ever shaken the walls
of the Juzgado with the thunders of nis elo-
quence.

"The next great case in which Lockwood
was engaged and tried in San Jose was the
case of Metcalf vs Argenti. The suit arose in
this wise: Argenti was a banker in San Fran-
cisco and was prominent among the members
of the first Vigilance Committee. Metcalf
was an arrival from Australia, who for some
reason fell under suspicion and was rough-
ly treated by the Vigilantes. He brought suit
against the leading inen composing that body
and employed Lockwood and Edmund Ran-
dolph as his attorneys. The case was tried
first in San Francisco and resulted in a mis-
trial by reason of the strong prejudice in fa-
vor of the Vigilance Committee of that city.
It was then transferred to Santa Clara Coun-
ty for a second trial and came on in 1852.
Lockwood was very much opposed to the
methods of the Vigilance Committee and went
into this case with more than his usual zeal
and vigor. Those who heard his speech to
the jury in that case say that it surpassed all
of the speeches they have ever heard before
or since. It was published in pamphlet form
and may still be found occasionally in the li-
braries of the lawyers of that time.

"The abilities which Lockwood displayed in
the trial of these great cases gave him a state
reputation as being the greatest lawyer on the
Coast. Doubtless he was and would have died
secure in that reputation, but for that strain
approaching insanity in his nature, which led
him to such extremes in conduct and experi-
ence. Many stories are told of his skill in the
court room where he was the wonder and ad-
miration of the bar. In fact every one who
came in contact with him had imprinted on his
mind a vivid picture of the man; of his facial

expression, of his physical movements and of
his original style, and a strong remembrance
of his powerful voice, which, to use the lan-
guage of Judge Moore, 'was like the growl of
a grizzly bear.' Walking down the street the
other day I met J. H. Flickinger who told me
that of all the pioneers of California his recol-
lection of Lockwood, was perhaps the earliest
and the most pleasing. He was a fellow pas-
senger with Lockwood when he first came to
California around the Horn in 1849. For the
first month out from New York Lockwood
never left his cabin, but after that he began
to mingle with the rest. Before the voyage
was ended the passengers became aware of
the fact that they had on board the most sin-
gular, brilliant and versatile genius they had
ever known. The range of his reading and
of his experience; his knowledge of human
character; his command of language, of liter-
ature and the infinite variety of his moods,
were a revelation to his shipmates. After the
voyage was ended and during the whole of
Lockwood's career in California he retained
his friendship for Mr. Flickinger, and when-
ever he was in San Jose was pleased to spend
a while with his "shipmate" and live over again
their mutual past.

"Elias L. Beard, of San Jose Mission, was
a long and strong friend of Lockwood. Beard
was an aggressive character and was involved
in lawsuits of various kinds in all of which he
had Lockwood for his attorney. One time a
fellow whose name has escaped immortality,
sued Beard for slander and employed E. K.
Sanford as his attorney. The case came on for
trial before Judge AVatson, with Lockwood for
the defense. Sanford made his opening speech
to the jury, and it was very flowery. He quot-
ed elaborately from the poets as to the value
of a man's character and the outrage of slan-
derous assaults upon it. 'Who steals my purse
steals trash, etc.,' came in the climax, and San-
ford sat down well pleased at his burst of ora-
tory. Then Lockwood arose, and, addressing
the jury, also took the subject of character for
his theme. He dwelt upon the value of char-
acter more eloquently than his opponent, quot-
ed again all of the poetic passages which San-
ford had done, and adding to their number,
built up his speech to the very summit of a
splendid consummation and then capped it all
with this anti-climax, which won his case.
'Gentlemen of the jury, remembering all that
I have said to you of the value of human
character, I solemnly declare that if you will
give a down-East Yankee a jack-knife and a
cedar stick he'll whittle out a better char-
acter in five minutes than has ever been es-
tablished yet in any court of justice.'

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

79

"Rufus A. Lockwood was once the defend-
ant in an action brought by one named Harlan
in our District Court, and involving the title
to a piece of land adjacent to San Jose. Lock-
wood was his own lawyer and did not have
a fool for a client, in spite of the old legal
saw. The case turned upon the validity of a
certain deed which made its appearance at
the trial and was offered in evidence by the
plaintiff. It appeared to be entirely in the
handwriting of Lockwood and to convey the
premises in question. If valid and so found
by the court, Lockwood would have stood be-
smirched with having acted dishonorably to-
ward Harlan. The case was hotly contest-
ed on both sides, and Lockwood's blood was
up. When the deed was produced and offered
in evidence Lockwood looked it over careful-
ly and then arose in court, and in a voice of
thunder declared it a forgery. William T. Wal-
lace was attorney for the plaintiff, and seeing
Elias L. Beard in the court room, called him
suddenly to the witness stand to testify as to
Lockwood's signature. Beard didn't want to
testify against his friend, but after carefully
examining the instrument he was obliged to
swear that he believed it to be in Lockwood's
hardwriting. Lockwood cross-examined him
as follows : 'Elias, you think that I wrote that
deed, do you?' 'Yes, Rufus,' reluctantly stam-
mered Beard, 'I think that's your handwrit-
ing.' 'Now, Elias,' said Lockwood (who prid-
ed himself on his spelling), 'if I was going to
write a deed, do you think that I would spell
'indenture' with two tt's?' Beard hastilj'
scanned the deed, and there, sure enough, was
'indenture' spelled with two tt's. 'No, Ru-
fus,' said Beard, exultingly, 'I don't believe you
would, and I think this deed is a forgery.' And
so it proved to be, for after the case was end-
ed it was discovered that a fellow who was
staying at Harlan's house, and who was an ex-
pert penman and given to imitating handwrit-
ing, had written the deed."

Judge Richards' graphic and interesting pic-
ture of Lockwood gives the historian oppor-
tunity to supplement it with the following
review of the distinguished lawyer's checkered
career :

Rufus A. Lockwood was born in Stamford,
Conn., in 1811. His true name was Jonathan
A. Jessup. At eighteen he was a student at
Yale but left in the middle of the term to
enlist on a United States man-of-war. In his
first cruise he saw one of his shipmates tied
up and brutally flogged for a trivial offense.
Shocked by the sight he deserted and changed
his name to Lockwood. It was not long be-
fore he was in Chicago. After teaching a
country school, studying first medicine and
then law, he was admitted to practice in the

courts of the state. In 1836 he opened a law
office in Lafayette, Ind. An opportunity to
show his merit soon came. Engaged for the
defense in a celebrated murder case he made
such an impressicm tm the jury that a ver-
dict of acquittal was rendered. The speech
was such a masterly effort as to warrant its
publication in pamphlet form. This historian
saw a copy in the late '60s. It was the prop-
erty of Joseph I'atton, then a member of the
police force and a brother of the second wife
of J. J. Owen, then the editor of the Mer-
cur}'. Patton had been present at the trial
and he said that the perusal of the speech
ctiuld give no adequate conception of its liv-
ing effect. It was, in his opinion, the best
jury speech ever delivered on this continent.
Lockwood's victor}' brought him into the full
blaze of popular attention and applause. For
a few years his professional business was large,
but through dissipation and unfortunate land
speculations his debts at last accumulated be-
■iond his ability to pay. He raised what money
he could for the benefit of his creditors,
then went to Mexico and there entered upon
a course of riotous living interspersed with
periods of study in which he obtained mas-
tery of the Spanish language and Spanish civil
law. When his funds grew low he worked
his way back to the United States and re-
sumed his law practice in Lafayette. While
the California gold excitement was at its
height he joined in the rush; arrived in San
Francisco low in pocket and for six months
was clerk in a law office where he not only
furnished the law, but swept out the office,
made fires, etc. He received his wages every
evening; every night found him in a gambling
house; every morning found him penniless. He
afterward entered into a law partnership but
soon threw up the business on account of his
unfortunate habits and as a penance hired
himself out as a day laborer, shoveling sand,
coaling steamers, doing anything that came
to hand. This fit lasted a month or two.
Then with a clear brain he opened a law
office and was soon in possession of a lucra-
tive practice.

His professional gains only increased his
passion for gambling and drinking and again
at war with himself and the world he sailed
for Australia, remaining there two years. One
time he was clerk in a law office, but was
discharged because he refused to copy into
a brief a paragraph that was not law. His
last occupation in Australia was that of herd-
ing sheep. After his return to San Francisco
he was engaged to argue a famous land case
before the U. S. Supreme Court. By his ef-
fort in that court he showed himself to be
the equal of the best lawyer in the land. He

80

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

returned from Washington in 1856. In the
fall of 1857 he sailed for the Isthmus en route
to New York, on professional business. At
Aspinwall he connected with the Central
America on her last voyage. She was wrecked
in a storm and not a single passenger was
saved.

Judge Richards continues his reminiscences
by the following stor}': "The account of
Lockwood's death recalls the manner of dy-
ing of another member of our early bar, of
whom I have written — Freeman McKinney.
AVhen Flenry A. Crabbe conceived his fatal
filibustering expedition into Sonera in 1857
he attracted a number of brilliant but adven-
turous characters to his company, and among
these was Freeman McKinney. Doubtless the
expedition was entered upon in good faith by
many of Crabbe's followers, who were led to
believe that an actual revolution was in prog-
ress in Sonora. McKinney was captured and
shot. He met death like a brave man.

"Still ancither story has been told of Judge
Redman. One day as he sat in his court
room, with his clerk, H. C. Melone, writing
below him, J. Alexander Yoell entered. His
business was with Melone, wdio was a large
man of strong likes and dislikes, and of cjuick
temper — a typical border character. Between
himself and Yoell a misunderstanding oc-
curred, which on Melone's part ripened at
once into a row and he pitched into Yoell. The
Judge sat quietly viewing and enjoying the
tussle and making no effort to stop it until
some gentlemen entered and separated the
combatants. Then turning to the Judge, with
some indignation, he said, 'You're a pretty
specimen of a Judge to sit there and permit a
personal encounter to go on in your court.'
'My friend,' said Judge Redman, calml}--, 'What
could I do? The Legislature in its wisdom has
not seen fit to provide my court with a
bailiff, and hence I could not order them
into custody. The clerk, you see was en-
gaged, and I could not have entered a
fine ; and if I had descended from the
bench to interfere I would cease to be
Judge and would be no better than any
other fool in the court room.' I am told that
when this yarn was told to Stephen J. Field
of the Supreme Court, the eminent jurist
laughingly declared that Judge Redman's po-
sition was correct.

"It may be gathered from some of these
sketches that the lawyers of our early times
did not always have their law books, either
when out of court in the day time, or be-
tween days when they burned the midnight
oil. Nearly all of the pioneers of the bar
played cards and often enjoyed the game
greater when the pot was a big one and the

bets were high. Here is an incident of one
of those heavy earthquakes which visited the
Coast and struck terror to the heart of its
denizens during the '50s, and before the aver-
age man grew accustomed to 'temblors'. One
day William T. W^allace, John H. Moore, J.
A. Moultrie and a layman or two were having
a quiet game in one of the adobes near the
court house. The pot was large, the bets were
made and ended, and a show-down was about
to be made when the earthquake came. Every-
Ijody made for the street as earthquake-shaken
people onl}- can. After the danger was over,
the players remembered their game and re-
turned to the adobe. The 'pot' was still there,
but every player, save one, had lost his hand
somewhere in the panic. That one was 'Bill'
Wallace, who, with a presence of mind which
was characteristic, produced the cards he had
clung to tJiroughout the earthquake, and
claimed the pot. The hand was a low one,
but he dared the rest to show a higher, and
when none of them could, he raked the pot.
"When Judge Redman resigned his office of
county juclge in 1852, C. E. Allen was appoint-
ed to serve out his unexpired term, which he
did with great credit to himself and to the
court. After him came R. B. Buckner, who
was elected in 1853. We all remember Judge
Buckner and his quaint ways of dispensing
justice from his bench as justice of the peace
in modern days. On the old-time county
bench he was much the same in method, as
the following incident will illustrate : One
party had leased a piece of land to another
for a term, which ended, and he removed
from the land leaving behind him a quantity
of compost, which later he tried to remove,
but was prevented by the owner of the land.
The tenant brought a replevin suit against his
former landlord for possession of the compost,
in Judge Buckner's court. The case dragged
on while the lawyers disputed in briefs and
arguments about the law. of fixtures, and the
principles governing the change of personal
into real property. At last the actual trial
came on, when the defendant proved that since
the case was commenced his chickens had
so scattered the compost that it had lost its
identity and become mingled with the soil
of his land. Judge Buckner chewed his in-
variable 'quid' calmly until the time for pro-
nouncing judgment came. He then rendered
his decision as follows: 'This case has been
argued learnedly by the lawyers on both sides,
who have drawn fine distinctions between per-
sonal and real property. The court does not,
however, deem it necessary to draw any such
nice distinctions, for the reason that the evi-
dence shows that while the action has been
pending the defendant's chickens have scat-

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

81

tered the property in controversy beyond
identification, and have thereby Hterally
scratched the plaintiff's ca.5e out of court.'

"The iirst legislature of California, which
met in the fall of 1S49 in San Jose, provided
the state with a judicial system, consisting of
a Supreme Court and nine District Courts,
which met in as many judicial districts
throughout the State. The counties of Santa
Clara, Contra Costa, Santa Cruz and Monte-
rey constituted the Third Judicial District un-
der this statute, and John H. Watson was ap-
pointed its judge. Judge Watson was a man
of considerable abilit)', but of not a very vast
fund of legal knowledge. He it was who de-
livered the famous and humorous charge to the
jury at Monterey in the case of Dean vs. Mc-
Kinley, and which has heretofore been record-
ed. One da}' while the Judge was traveling
from San Jose to Santa Cruz (to held court
there) in company with several members of
the bar of his district, among whom was R.
F. Peckham, the latter began to poke fun
at Judge Watson for his charge to the jury
in the McKinle}' case. 'Now, Peckham,' said
the Judge, 'don't you think I do about as well
as any one else who don't know any more law
than I do?' 'Before I can answer that ques-
tion, Jndge,' answered Peckham, 'I would have
to ascertain just how much law you do know.'
•' 'Well, to tell the truth, Peckham, T don't
know any, for I never read a law book in my
life.' 'Well,' laughed Peckham, T must say that
for a judge who never read a law book you do
remarkabl}- well, but how do you manage to
get along with your cases?' 'I'll tell you the
secretji Peckham,' said Judge Watson, '1 make
use of two presumptions in the trial of my
cases. When I have heard the evidence I first
presume what the law ought to be to do jus-
tice between the parties, and after I have set-
tled that presumption I next presume that the
law is what it ought to be, and give judg-
ment accordingly.'

"Here is another instance of Judge Wat-
son's affection for presumptions. One day
Tames M. Jones was arguing a case before
Watson, which involved some proposition of
the old Spanish law. Watson didn't understand
Spanish, and hence Jones had to both read
and translate the law which he claimed would
sustain his case. Judge Watson didn't like the
law which Jones was evolving from the Span-
ish text and after awhile he said : 'Mr. Jones,
the Court has no doubt that you are correct-
ly translating that statute and that it at one
time was the Spanish law ; but that statute is
so absurd and unjust as applied to the facts
in this case that the Court is going to pre-
sume that the law you are citing has been re-

pealed.' Of course such presumption was in-
disputable and Jones lost his case.

"The term of Judge Watson's service on the
district bench was ended in 1851 by his sud-
den resignation and return to the practice of
law. John H. Moore was then district attor-
ney, and being a young, vigorous and prosper-
ous attorney, he gained many convictions.
Judge Watson saw this criminal business
growing in his court, and saw also Moore's
success. He had some abilities as an orator,
had the Judge, and he conceived the idea that
he could make a fortune defending criminals.
So one da}' he resigned and at once opened
a law office. Meeting Moore afterward he told
him of his plans and rather boastingly informed
the young district attorney that the day of his
success as a prosecutor was passed. Moore ad-
vised him not to be too confident until he had
won a case or two. The very next case which
came up for trial was the case of one Basquiz
for horse stealing. The penalty for this of-
fense was at that time capital unless the jury
fixed a lesser punishment, but District Attor-
ney Moore, not believing in the harsh law, had
never }'et asked a jury to permit the extreme
penalty. When Judge Watson, however, vol-
unteered to defend this horse-thief, Moore told
him that he had a bad case and that his client
might hang. The Judge, however, was confi-
dent of his power before a jury, and the case
came on. Upon the argument Judge Watson
spread himself in a wild flight of oratory, but
all in vain, for the jury stayed with Moore and
brought in a prompt verdict for conviction
without limitation, and Judge Watson's first
client was hanged.

"Upon the retirement of Judge Watson,
Craven P. Hester, Esq., was appointed in his
stead. Judge Hester was a native of Indiana,
where he studied law and practiced it for some
years before coming to San Jose. He brought
to the bar of San Jose a fine reputation as a
lawyer and as a man of high sense of profes-
sional and personal honor. His appointment
in 1859 to Judge Watson's vacant seat gave
general satisfaction and when the general elec-
tion came a year later he was chosen to serve
for a term of six years as district judge. A
great many important cases were tried before
Judge Hester and the ablest lawyers in the
state of California practiced in his court. ' The
sessions of the District Court were held in the
State House until it was destroyed by fire in
1853, when the county provided them with
quarters in the frame building which was re-
cently removed from the southeast corner of
Second and San Fernando streets. There for
several years Judge Hester held his court.
There occasionally came such lawyers as Lock-

82

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

wood and Randolph and Baker and other bril-
liant men from the bar of the State.

"When the judicial term of Judge Hester ex-
pired he was not re-elected, and as I am told,
for a peculiar reason. In the district of Judge
Hester there were many lawyers of several de-
grees of merit. The leader of the San Jose
bar was William T. Wallace during the '50s.
The leader of the Monterey bar was D. R.
Ashley, and of the Santa Cruz bar was R. F.
Peckham during the same period. This trio
of lawyers each worked hard at their cases,
tried them well, and in- consequence, were very
successful each at his own bar. Their suc-
cess made other lawyers of less studious hab-
its jealous, and as the time for another elec-
tion came on, they spread the campaign rumor
that this trio of lawyers 'owned' Judge Hes-
ter and that he always decided their way. The
opposition nominated Samuel Bell McKee
upon this issue and succeeded in electing him.
Accordingly Judge McKee became district
judge in 1858, and remained so until the change
in the district made in 1872, by which the old
Third with some variations became the Twen-
tieth Judicial District and David Belden, Esq.,
was elected as judge."

This concludes the excerpts from Judge
Richards' article. There are, however, more
stories about that eccentric character, J. Alex-
ander Yoell. He was one of the ablest law-
yers of the early days but his peculiar dis-
position kept him continually in hot water. He
was fiery, impetuous and quick to take ofifense
and could not control his tongue. If the num-
ber of times he was fined for contempt of court
could be ascertained it would take up a whole
page of this history. William Matthews was
another old time attorney. He was a South-
erner, polite, precise, dignified and of undoubt-
ed courage. Once he and Yoell opposed each
other in a court case. During the trial Yoell
became angry at some remark of Matthews'
and made a vitriolic reply. The next instant
an ink bottle caromed on Yoell's forehead, the
ink running in little rivulets down his face.
His right hand went quickly toward his hip
pocket, but before the hand reached the pocket,
the muzzles of two derringer pistols were
pointed at his head. "Hands up !" sternly
commanded Matthews. Yoell's hands went up
immediately. Then he said in a shaking voice
as he spat out the ink which had dribbled
over his upper lip: "Good God, Matthews,
won't you let me get out my handkerchief?"

Another lawyer with whom Yoell had fre-
quent spats was C. C. Stephens, now a resi-
dent of Los Angeles. A will case was on trial
before Judge Belden. Stephens appeared for
the proponent, Yoell for the respondent. One

of Stephens' witnesses met Yoell on the street
and after a short talk about the case the wit-
ness was advised by Yoell not to testify un-
til after he had received his fee. Yoell be-
lieved that Stephens was short of money and
that the demand of the witness would not be
complied w^ith. Therefore the trial would ei-
ther be delayed or valuable testimony for the
proponent would be lost. The witness prom-
ised to follow the advice and in due time was
called to the stand. Before taking the oath
he said to Stephens : "I want my fee before
I testify." Stephens fished out a handful of
loose change and then said: "Be sworn and
then I talk turkey." The witness took the
oath and then waited for the payment of the
fee. "One moment," said Stephens, "I've got
to figure this out. You live in Berryessa and
the mileage is — hold on, I've forgotten some-
thing. Before we go any further, I must make
sure you are the witness I want. Were you
present when the will was signed?" "Yes,"
replied the unsuspecting witness. "Did you
witness the signature?" "Yes, of course I did."
"Then you are the man and that's all I want
of _you. Mr. Yoell, you may have the wit-
ness." So saying Stephens put back his money
and grinned at Yoell, whose face was black
with rage. "You're a pettifogger," Yoell
shouted. "Mr. Yoell," admonished the Court,
"I can not permit the use of such language."
"But he's a pettifogger," raved Yoell, "and
he's cheating this witness." "Sit down," was
the stern command from the bench. "Mr.
Yoell, you are fined fifty dollars for contempt
of court. Mr. Sheriff take him into custody
and keep him confined until the fine i^ paid."
In the late '608 W. Frank Stewart, as jus-
tice of the peace, held court in a small room
on South Market street near Santa Clara street.
Stewart was a queer genius and no one who
ever saw and talked with him will ever forget
him. He was over six feet in height and bony
and angular. In many respects he bore a
marked resemblance to z\braham Lincoln,
though his features were of a sterner type.
He was a Southerner, with the sensitiveness
of a woman and the fearlessness of a crusader.
His life had been an adventurous one. He had
fought in the Mexican war, filibustered in
Mexico with Walker, been editor, miner, poet,
geological expert, saloon-keeper, merchant and
justice of the peace and was quite capable
of filling any office within the gift of the peo-
ple. After he left San Jose, he went to Ne-
vada, became state senator, afterward state
mineralogist and died in the early '80s. As
a justice he was just in his decisions but very
testy and severe with lawyers who attempted
pettifogging. J. Alexander Yoell was a source
of constant annoyance to Stewart. Yoell was

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

83

fiery and irrepressible and paid not the slight-
est regard to the orders and rules of the
Court. One day Stewart's wrath at Yoell's
actions exceeded all bounds. One fine for con-
tempt was succeeded by another until the
amount reached a thousand dollars. Then
Stewart used language unfit for print. The at-
torney replied by throwing an ink bottle at the
Justice's Ijead. Stewart dodged the missile,
then got to his feet. 'T will adjourn Court
five minutes." he said, "while I lick the" (the
words are unprintable). Putting on his hat
and grasping his cane he started for the bench.
Yoell, realizing that Stewart meant business
went out of the door hke a flash and tore up
the street. Stewart, raging like a mad bull
plunged after him and business on Santa Clara
street was suspended while the chase contin-
ued. But Yoell was the better sprinter and a
physical conflict did not take place.

While Stewart was holding court on South
Market street, Jo Johnson, a Southerner, who
had been bailiff of Judge Redman's court, was
administering justice on the lower floor of the
old city hall on North Market street. J. Al-
exander Yoell and W. H. Collins were legal
rivals in a petty case. Yoell's exasperating
tactics so wrought upon Collins' nerves that
the two attorneys soon came to blows. While
they were rolling upon the floor like two angry
cats Johnson left the bench, cane in hand, and
standing over the combatants regarded them
for a moment with an amused smile. Then he
raised his cane and whack! it came down on
Yoell's head; Yoell ceased to struggle and lay
still. Then Collins got to his knees and was
about to speak when whack ! from the cane
and Collins straightened out and for a time
ceased to take any interest in court room af-
fairs. Later, when heads had been bandaged
fines were imposed only to be remitted when
humble apologies had been made.

The County Court went out of existence witli
the adoption of the new constitution in 1879.
The judges were as follows: J. W. Redman, R.
B. Buckner, John H. Moore, Isaac N. Senter,
Lawrence Archer, R. I. Barnett and D. S.
Payne.

The first grand jury of the county was com-
posed of the following persons: Charles
White, foreman; James F. Reed, William
Campbell, David Dickey, William Higgins,
G. W. Bellamy, Jeptha Osborn, J. W. McClel-
land, Arthur Shearer, C. Campbell, Lewis
Cory, W. G. Banden, James Murphy, R. M.
May, James Appleton, Carolan Matthews, F.
Lightston, W. Hoover, C. Clayton, J. D. Curd.

The first court house was the old Juzgado,
fronting the plaza, which at that time extend-
ed north to or beyond First Street. It was not
well adapted to the purpose and in 1850 the

court was removed to a two-story adobe build-
ing on the west side of First Street opposite
Fountain Alley. It occui)ied this buikling
until the latter part of 1851, when it was for a
short time held in the Bella Union building on
Santa Clara Street. From there it went to the
State House building, near the corner of Mar-
ket and San Antonio streets, where it re-
mained until that building was burned down.
It then went into temporary cjuarters at the
city hall, then located on Lightston Street, be-
tween Santa Clara and El Dorado. In the
meantime the county had purchased a lot at
the southeast corner of Second and Santa
Clara Streets and the buildings were fitted up
to accommodate the county offices and courts.
Here the department of justice rested until
1868. when it took quarters in the Murphy
block at the southeast corner of Market and
Santa Clara Streets. Its stay here was only
for a few weeks, for in the same year the
present court house was completed and ready
for occupancy.

The Third Judicial District bench was occu-
pied by Judges Watson, Hester and Sam Bell
McKee. The legislature of 1871-72 created a
new judicial district, which was called the
Twentieth and composed of the counties of
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz and Monterey. Hon.
David Belden was appointed jud^"e of the new
district and he remained in the position until
the reorganization of the judicial system in
1880. Under the new system Santa Clara
county was allowed two judges, and at the
election in 1879 David Belden and Francis E.
Spencer were chosen. The great learning and
sound reasoning of these two jurists gave the
bench of Santa Clara County a reputation sec-
ond to none in the Union. Many times had
these learned judges been called upon to pre-
side at trials of important cases elsewhere,
and hardly ever was the calendar called that
it did not disclose some suit of magnitude sent
to them for adjudication from other counties.
Judge Belden died May 14, 1888. and a few
years later Judge Spencer passed to his re-
ward. At Judge Belden's death the whole
state mourned. While his wonderful learning
excited admiration and his strict integrity in-
duced respect, no less did his warm, sympa-
thetic nature command the af5e.-.'tion of all with
whom he came in contact. He was simple in
his habits and unostentatious in his appear-
ance. Any one could approach him and draw
at will on his great stores of knowledge, while
neither his heart nor his purse was closed to a
tale of distress. Judge Spencer said of him :
"He was a truly remarkable man. Many have
gone before him whose legal attainments have
been equal to his. Others may have equally
possessed the treasure of masterly eloquence,

84

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

but it has never been my fortune to find com-
bined in any other person so many rare ana
g-lowing qualities of heart, brain c;nd personal
accomplishments. As an orator it has been
truly said of him that he possessed 'a tongue
of silver' ; his command of language was won-
derful, his selections bea'utiful and most
happy. He was wont at times with his bursts
of eloquence to hold his listeners delighted
and entranced. Although his delivery was
rapid, he never hesitated for an apt word or
sentence. His words came skipping rank and
file almost before he would. As a jurist he
had few superiors. Well grounded in the ele-
ments of law, and conversant with the mass of
judicial precedents, he added that rare percep-
tion of principles applicable to any given set
of facts, and that peculiarly incisive power of
reasoning that makes the true lawyer. He
was a just judge, a wise interpreter of the lavv'
and evidence, and withal simple and unassum-
ing in manner and sympathetic almost to a
fault."

Judge Spencer was a man of profound legal
attainments. He was admitted to the bar in
1858 and in 1863 was appointed city attorney,
a position he held for seventeen years. Here
he made a record that established his reputa-
tion for legal learning and as a man of great
resource. In two suits he not only relieved
the city from indebtedness but removed the
last cloud from the title of every foot of land
in the city. He held the office of district at-
torney for two terms and refused a nomina-
tion for a third. In 1871 he was elected a
member of the Assembly and was made chair-
man of the judiciary committee of that body.
One notable peculiarity of his work was the
care with which he prepared his cases for trial.
No point was too insignificant to be thorough-
ly investigated and the law and the authori-
ties thoroughly collated. All his knowledge,
which included anatomy, engineering, geol-
ogy, metallurgy and mechanical appliances,
he carried with him to the bench. Besides
his great learning and sound judgment, two
other qualities stood out prominently in his
administration of justice — the firmness and
dignity with which the affairs of his tribunal
were conducted and the uniform courtesy
which was extended from the Bench to the
Bar and to all others who appeared in his
court. When the Leland Stanford Jr. Uni-
versity was established. Judge Spencer was
selected as a member of the board of trustees
and how well he served the university every
person of intelligence in Santa Clara County
knows.

At the death of Judge Belden, John Rey-
nolds, one of the leaders of the San Jose bar,

was appointed in his place. He, too, has been
dead for many years. He was methodical,
painstaking and careful, while his learning
and high character eminently fitted him for
his appointment to the bench.

In 1897 another change in the judicial sys-
tem of Santa Clara County took place. The
Superior Court was given three judges, in-
stead of two. Upon inauguration gi the new
system, the business was divided so that one
court did all the probate business, .1 second the
criminal business and the third, the civil busi-
ness, though each department could handle
business of either of the other two depart-
ments, in case of overflow. The judges of the
Superior Court under the newest system are
as follows : A. S. Kittredge, Judge A. L.
Rhodes, W. G. Lorigan. S. F. Leib, H. D. Tut-
tle, John E. Richards, J. R. Welch, M. H. Hy-
land, P. F. Gosbey and W. A. Beasly. Kit-
tredge was appointed by the governor as the
first judge of the new department. At his
death in 1899 Judge Rhodes was appointed to
the position and held it until he resigned. His
place was filled by John E. Richards, who ad-
ministered justice from the bench until pro-
moted to be judge of the Appellate Court.
Leib and Tuttle served each but short terms
to fill a vacancy in Department 1, caused by
the election of Judge Lorigan to the Supreme
Bench in 1903. The judges on the bench at
this writing (1922) are J. R. AVelch, P. F. Gos-
bey and F. B. Brown.

Judge A. L. Rhodes, who died in 1919, aged
ninety-seven years, was one of the ablest jur-
ists in the state. As the oldest member of the
California bar he enjoyed the love and admira-
tion not only of the bar but also of his fellow-
citizens, irrespective of class, condition or re-
ligion. He was a pioneer lawyer in San Jose
when he was elevated to the State Supreme
Bench, a position he held for several terms.
He had gone into retirement when he was
called upon to assume judicial duties in the
Santa Clara County Superior Court and he
could have held the position to an indefinite
period if his age had permitted. The wdiole
bar of the state went into mourning when his
death was announced.

Judge Lorigan, wdio died in 1918, while
holding office as a supreme judge, was one of
the most popular jurists Santa Clara County
ever produced. He was a graduate of Santa
Clara College, studied law in San Jose, did
newspaper work on the side, served as justice
of the peace and superior judge and estab-
lished such a record for probity and learning
that his appointment to the Supreme Bench
was generally applauded. Honest, faithful
and well-beloved, he met death bravely.

CHAPTER V.

Topography and Geology — History of the New Almaden Mines — Crime in
the Early Days — The Mineral Springs of Santa Clara County — The Oil
Development.

The great Santa Clara Valley is but a por-
tion of that vast plain that stretches from the
Golden Gate on the north to the old mission
town of San Jnan on the south, a distance of
ninety miles. AVhen first peopled the whole
was known as San Bernardino. It is oval in
form and attains its greatest width near Mt.
Bache, where it is about fifteen miles. About
four miles from San Jose and apparently
forming a barrier across the valley are a chain
of low hills called the Hills of Tears. But the
obstruction is only apparent. About eight
miles from this point the valley contracts to
a width of about three miles and so continues
for some six miles, when it again expands to a
breadth of nearly six miles and then sweeps
out to end a few miles beyond Hollister in
San Benito County.

A chain of mountains hems in the valley on
either side, running northwest and southeast.
From the time of its entry into the county the
eastern range rapidly rises, becomes broader
and ver}^ rough, having many elevated points
about it until it culminates on the summit of
Mt. Hamilton, nearly east of San Jose and
4.443 feet above the level of the sea. The
range then decreases in height to Pacheco
Pass, east of Gilroy, the loftiest point of which
is 1,470 feet. The western range near the
famous New Almaden mines is crowned by
two magnificent peaks that stand like stal-
wart sentinels guarding the precious treasures
which lie concealed in the yet unexplored
storehouses of their lesser brethren around.

In the canyons and slopes of the western
chain are to be found growing in full vigor
the useful redwood ^(Sequoia sempervirens)
as well as many oaks and madrona. On the
eastern range comparatively few trees are
found, but its swelling undulations, pictur-
esque ravines and wealth of natural beauty,
pleases the eye and affords a marked contrast
to the forests of the other side.

At a distance of about twenty-five miles
from San Jose Coyote Creek has its birth, and
after springing into vigor leaves its cradle,
joyously leaping and splashing among the
roots of trees and playing around the smooth
worn sides of boulders until it reaches the
pastoral valley, where it assumes a more staid
demeanor and languidly flows in many a

cur\e, at last finding an end in the waters of
San Francisco Bay.

The next most important creek of Santa
Clara County is the Guadalupe, so named after
the patron saint of Mexico. It rises in the
Sousal, about three miles southwest of San
Jose, is fed by many tributaries and streams
and runs in a northerly direction until it
Comes near the city, where it takes a north-
easterly course and empties into San Fran-
cisco Bay near the moutl^ of the Coyote. Other
streams are the Los Gatos, having its source
in the Santa Cruz Mountains, and emptying
into the Guadalupe at the foot of Santa Clara
Street : the Almaden, the Llagas and the Uvas,
south of San Jose and the Santa Ysabel, Smith
Creek and the Arro^'o Honda in the eastern
foothills.

The geological and mineralogical features
of Santa Clara County are of no little impor-
tance. Beginning with the eastern foothills
there is a center of metamorphic cretaceous
rocks, flanked by an enormous thickness of
unaltered cretaceous strata, the latter consist-
ing of sandstone with inter-stratified shales.
A coarse conglomerate, the boulders in which
are metamorphic rock, differing from that
comprising the main mass of the mountains, is
to be found on the outer margin of the hills
toward the San Joaquin plains. The unaltered
tertiary and cretaceous strata flank the entire
range on the eastern side as far north as its
junction with the Sierra Nevadas. The ab-
sence of the tertiar}^ is marked by the precipi-
tous nature of the range where it joins the
plains, as opposed to the low-rolling hills
where the tertiary overlies the cretaceous.

Along the eastern flank, the tertiary, as far
as known, rests conformably upon the creta-
ceous. The metamorphic rocks have the same
general character, being marked by jaspers,
serpentine and occasionall}', mica slate. Their
limits are well indicated by the growth of for-
est trees. The summit of Pacheco Pass, as
well as of those of other and higher peaks in a
line crossing the range obliquely to the south-
east, are of trachyte. This is the first known
appearance of eruptive rock in the main
Mount Diablo Range south of Suisun Bay.
The tertiary is more extensively developed on
the western than on the eastern side toward

86

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

the north. The hills bordering the Santa Clara
Valley on the east belong to this period. The
rocks are altered in places. A tertiary ridge
extends to the northwest, separating Santa
Clara and Calaveras Valleys.

The geology of the belt of elevated land be-
tween Santa Clara Valley, the Bay of San
Francisco, and the ocean, is rendered some-
what complicated by the intrusion of granitic
rocks among the tmaltered cretaceous and ter-
tiary strata of which these hills are chieily
formed. Besides this geological formation,
rocks similar in lithological character to those
in the Mt. Diablo Range are found. Fossils
sparingly are shown. A metamorphic belt ex-
tends from Redwood City, San Mateo County,
to the southeast for a distance of about forty
miles, forming the eastern end of the ridge
and the summit of Mount Bache, 3,780 feet in
height, and of other high points. Limestone
in detached masses occurs at several places
throughout this belt. Evidences of what was
once, in all probabilit}^, a complete limestone
belt, are found at various places, from the
summit of Black Mountain, back of Mountain
View, to as far south as the New Almaden
mines, which lie in a ridge northwest of that
formed by the metamorphic mass of Mounts
Bache, Chaoal and others. It is to be seen on
Los Gatos Creek, dipping to the northeast,
and is less altered there than at other places
where it is hard and compact, though not
crystalline.

The New Almaden Mines.

By far the most interesting and important
feature of the range is the presence of the ex-
tensive deposits of cinnabar in the metamor-
phic cretaceous rocks at the New Almaden
mines, fourteen miles southwest of San Jose
and lying in a ridge east of the main range.

The history of the mines has never been
presented in better form than by the late Mrs.
Carrie Stevens Walter, mother of Roy Walter,
city auditor, Mrs. Charles M. Shortridge of
Oakland, and 2\Iary Walter of Los Angeles.
It appeared in a handbook of Santa Clara
County published by E. S. Harrison in 1887
and is as follows :

''Almaden — from two Araljic words, al, 'the',
and maden, 'mine' — was given to the most fa-
mous quicksilver mine in the world, located in
Spain. Its namesake in Santa Clara County,
having no superior, with the single exception
above mentioned, deserves more than a pass-
ing notice in a work of this character. The
New Almaden cjuicksilver mine is situated
about fourteen miles southwest of San Jose,
in a low range of hills running parallel to the
Coast Range. Tradition states that this mine
was known to the native Indians nearly a cen-

tury ago, and that they used the ore to form a
pigment paste by pounding and moistening it.
In 1824 the existence of the mine was made
known to Don Antonio Sunol, who worked it
for silver, but not finding this metal, and not
suspecting the real nature of the deposit,
abandoned it at the end of a year. In Novem-
ber, 1845, a Mexican officer named Andres
Castillero, visiting at Santa Clara Mission,
was shown some of the ore, and while experi-
menting for silver, discovered quicksilver. He
at once filed his right to the mine as a discov-
erer, according to the Mexican and Spanish
law, after which he formed a stock company,
dividing the mine into twenty-four shares. An
American named William G. Chard was then
employed, who commenced the reduction by
charging a gun barrel with small pieces of ore,
stopping the vent with clay, placing the muz-
zle into a barrel of water and building a fire
around the other end. The mercury, being
driven otT by the heat in the form of a vapor,
passed out at the muzzle, was condensed in
the water and precipitated in the form of
liquid quicksilver. Three or four gun barrels
were thus employed for several weeks. Six
whalers' try-pots were next obtained, capable
of holding three or four tons of ore, and a sort
of furnace formed by inverting three over the
other three, by which some two thousand
pounds of metal were reduced. About this
time — 1846 — the mine was visited by Captain
Fremont, who established its ^'alue at $30,000.
Soon after this Barron, Forbes & Co., of
Tepic, Mexico, became the principal stock-
holders and in 1847, J. Alexander Forbes, of
the firm, arrived \A'ith laborers, funds and ev-
erything necessary to the proper working of
the mine. A thorough examination ga.Ye so
much promise that work was prosecuted with
A'igor. In 1850 furnaces were first constructed
and large quantities of ore reduced under the
superintendence nf the late Gen. H. W. Hal-
leck. As the true value of the mine became
apparent disputes concerning the title arose.
The compau}' bought in two titles for protec-
tion. But matters liecame so complicated that
in 1858 an injunction ^^•as placed on the mine,
A\hich remained until February, 1861, during
\\-hich time no work was done. In 1864 the
company disposed of the mine and all the im-
provements, including, 8,580 acres of land, for
$1,700,000, to a company chartered under the
laws of New York and Pennsylvania, as 'The
QuicksiKer Mining Company.'

"The workings of the mine past and present
extend over an area the extreme limits of
which could barely be included within a rect-
angular block 5,000 feet long from north to
south, 6,000 feet wide from east to west and
2,300 feet in depth, counting from the summit

HISTORY OF SANTA CF.ARA COUNTY

87

of mine hill, the upward limit of the ore de-
posit. The workings do not cover all the
area here indicated, but are very irregularly
distributed within it. Mining experts will
readily understand from this, "but also from
the fact that ore bodies seem to obey no spe-
cial law of distribution, but are a puzzle to
geologists, the difliculty offered in the work-
ing of this mine. In its famous rival, Almaden
of Spain, the ore bodies are placed with re-
markable regularity, increasing in richness as
depth is obtained, and all included in a rect-
angular block 700 feet long by 350 broad, and
1,027 in depth. It may be interesting to pur-
sue this comparison a little further. For in-
stance : The average salary paid to workmen
at the Spanish mine is sixty cents per day ; at
the New Almaden, about two dollars and forty
cents. The number of workers employed at
the Old Almaden, 3,126; at New Almaden,
-k50. The jneld per ton of ore at New Al-
maden average more than twenty pounds of
quicksilver ; at Old Almaden the general av-
erage is about 200 pounds of quicksilver to
the ton ; the average cost of extracting per
tiask of seventy-six and one-half pounds at
Old Almaden is $7.10; at New Almaden the
cost is $26.38. It is safe to alfirm that had the
Spanish mine the same difficulties to overcome
in working as are encountered at New Al-
maden, it would long since have shut down,
despite the Rothschilds, it lessees. These facts
naturally lead one to inquire something of the
management of the Santa Clara County Al-
maden. The mine came under the control of
J. B. Randol in 1870. At that time there was
an interest-bearing debt against the property
of $1,500,000. The amount of ore in sight was
discouragingly small, the extraction very
costly and the stockholders were so pushed to
carry on the workings of the mine that they
were compelled to raise $200,000 by subscrip-
tion. The systems of working the mine were
crude and expensive, furnaces and condensers
imperfect, and the mine developed only to the
800 foot level, with one main shaft. Much of
the ore was brought from lower to higher
levels in bags made of ox-hide, carried by
Mexicans by means of a strap over the fore-
head— from 140 to 200 pounds being conveyed
at a load. In 1886, exploration and exploita-
tion had been made in mine shafts, six of
which were in active operation ; there is a net-
work of underground passages aggregating
nearly fifty miles in length ; mining work is
carried on to a depth of 2,300 feet, while the
machinery is the most complete and econom-
ical in the world. In those sixteen years 318,-
000 flasks of quicksilver have been reduced,
over $5,000,000 disbursed for labor, and yet
with a total profit to the owners of more than

$4,000,000. The funded debt has been paid,
large amounts expended in permanent im-
provements and over $1,000,000 declared in
dividends. Up to 1887 more than half the
world's supply of quicksilver came from Cali-
fornia. A greater portion of this came from
New Almaden.

"In those earlier days the social condition
of the workmen, who were mostly Mexicans,
was inferior. The place was noted for law-
lessness and was a rendezvous for Mexican
banditti. Little restraint was exercised over
the men and gambling, drinking and other ex-
cesses were common. Large wages were paid
and it was no uncommon occurrence for a
man to be killed after pay day. Then there
were no advantages of church or schools.
A'Vater for drinking and cooking was carried
on donkeys and sold by the pailful."

Crime in the Early Days.

The historian will leave Mrs. Walter's des-
cription for awhile to refer to some of the law-
less characters who held forth at New Al-
maden in the early days.

In 1855 a quartet of outlaws, with head-
quarters at New Almaden, terrorized vSanta
Clara County. The- leader was one Francisco
Garcia, commonly called "Negro" Garcia on
account of his Afro-Mexican origin, and his
associates were Indian Juan, Bias Angelino
and Sebastiano Flores. In the fall of 1855 In-
dian Juan concluded to turn over a new leaf.
He would sever his connection with the gang,
go to Mexico and lead an honest life. This
intention was communicated to Garcia and
a demand was made for a division of the
spoils acquired in the band's many raids. Gar-
cia refused to make the division and hard
words following culminating in Indian Juan's
threat to go to San Jose and .give himself up
to the officers. Garcia, fearing that Juan
would expose the lawless operations of the
quartet, resolved to get him out of the way.
On the 15th of December Garcia and Bias
Angelino waylaid and killed Juan. Flores had
been asked to assist in the affair and had re-
fused. He was, however, a witness to the kill-
ing which was done so suddenly that he was
unable to prevent it. This was the story he
told when he appeared before S. O. Houghton,
mayor of San Jose, and swore to a complaint
charging Garcia and Angelino with murder.
Angelino was arrested, tried, convicted and
hanged. Garcia escaped and for seventeen
years kept out of the way of the officers. In
1872 Sheriff John H. Adams, of Santa Clara
County, learned that the fugitive was in Los
Angeles. A telegraphic warrant led to the ar-
rest. The prisoner was brought to San Jose

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

to await trial for a murder committed seven-
teen years before. The historian saw him
when he was in jail. He was then over sixty
years of age, gray-haired and gray-bearded.
He refused to discuss the crime of 1855 or to
express any opinion on the action of Sebas-
tiano Flores. At the trial Flores appeared as
state's witness and the late Judge Francis E.
Spencer defended the prisoner. In 1855 Bias
Angelino had been convicted on both direct
and circumstantial evidence. In 1872, on ac-
count of the lapse of time, no circumstantial
evidence to supplement the testimony of
Flores was forthcoming. It was therefore
Flores' word against the word of Garcia. This
raised a doubt and the jur}^ resolved the doubt
in favor of the defendant and acquitted him.
But this was not the end of the matter. A few
months later Garcia and Flores met near the
Mission of San Jose. There was a cjuarrel
which resulted in the killing of Garcia. Flores
surrendered himself to the officers and in due
time was placed on trial for murder. The tes-
timony showed that Garcia was the aggressor
and Flores was found not guilty.

Francisco (Pancho) Soto lived for some
time at the New Almaden mines. The his-
torian saw him in the late '70s at the summit
of Mt. Hamilton. He was then the cook for a
gang of laborers at work on the buldings of
the Lick Observatory. The old man — he was
over sixty at the tiine — \vith his tall, robust
figure, patriarchal locks, flowing beard, placid
face and large, full eyes of black, gave no hint
of the dare-devil highwayman of twenty years
before. His career was an exciting one. He
was born to the saddle and in his vounger
days was one of the best horsemen in the
state. Open-hearted, but reckless, gifted with
a strong sense of humor, he lived a wild, free
life until circumstances made him an outlaw.
As a bold highwayman of the Dick Turpin
tvpe his name became a household word in
Central and vSouthern California. Quick in
acti6n, fertile in resource and with friends ga-
lore among the Mexican-Spanish population,
he managed for years to elude capture. Cjnce
he played a trick on pursuing officers that
greatly increased his reputation. After the
commission of a daring robbery the sheriffs of
four counties started out to effect his capture.
One night two of the pursuers stopped at a
Mexican casa in the Livermore Valley. Soto
came to the door. He was asked if he had
seen Soto. The reply came quicKiy and with-
out a change of countenance: "I expect him
here tomorrow at daylight." The officers,
who had never seen the outlaw, were over-
joyed at this statement and prepared at once
to stay overnight at the casa. That night,
after they were asleep Soto relieved them of

their weapons, and stampeded their horses.
They awoke to see their entertainer in the act
of riding away. "I'm Soto," he shouted.
"Buenos noches, senors," and ofif he went into
the night.

It was in New Almaden that Soto first
stained his hands in the blood of his fellow
man. He asserted at Mt. Hamilton that the
killing was done in self-defense, but at the
trial it was his word against strong circum-
stantial evidence and he was convicted and
given a life sentence in San Quentin. The
killing took place near the mine. Soto was
pursued by Deputy Sheriff Patterson and on
the Monterey road" there was a running pistol
fight and Patterson was shot in the leg so that
amputation afterward became necessary.
When Soto saw the officer fall he went to his
assistance, bound up the wound, then rode to
the Twentv-One Mile House and informed the
proprietor that a man had been shot up the
road and that there was urgent need of assist-
ance. Soto was captured soon afterward.
Through representations made by Patterson,
Avho had not forgotten the outlaw's kindness.
Governor Newton Booth first commuted the
sentence and later issued a full pardon. Leav-
ing San Quentin Soto returned to San Jose
and engaged in peaceful pursuits up to the
time of his death.

In 1885 Augustin C. Hall was murdered in
his own house on the New Almaden road, not
far from the Hacienda. There were several
things surrounding the act that indicated on
the part of the perpetrators the most diaboli-
cal malignity. There were no signs outside
of the house to indicate that a monstrous
crime had been perpetrated. The horse of the
murdered man grazed outside of the door and
for davs the neighbors, not suspecting any-
thing wrong, jiassed and repassed the place.
At last one of them opened the door and dis-
covered the dead, mutilated body of Hall. At
the inquest, held in San Jose, suspicion pointed
to a resident of the city, but the trial, which
lasted a week, resulted in his acquittal.

In the fall of that same year, at the house
of Ignacio Berryessa, near the New Almaden
mine, Santiago F)erryessa killed Pedro Ara-
vena, a native of Chile, under the following
circumstances : Pedro had become enamored
of the daughter of Ignacio, a young girl of
fourteen years, but meeting with oppositicin
from the girl's parents to a marriage, the pair
went to Alviso and were joined in matrimony
bv a justice of the peace. In a short time the
girl's parents became reconciled to the mar-
riage and the married couple returned to
Berryessa's house. One day Santiago Berry-
essa, the girl's uncle, saw the girl and her hus-
band sitting in the house and without warning

HISTORY OF SANTA CUARA COUNTY

89

and with the utmost deliberation shot Aravena
to death. The shot was fired through a win-
dow. The murdered escaped and was never
apprehended.

On Sunday, June 29, 1856, the brother of
the overseer of Mexican miners at New Al-
maden was killed by an Indian. The Indian
was quarreling with an Irishman when the
Mexican said to him : "Why do you abuse
that man? He doesn't understand a word you
say." AVhereupon the Indiaii angrily an-
swered, "Do you take it up?" and instantly
plunged a knife into the body of the Mexican.
The murderer was caught and hanged.

In Nc^vember.- 1856, Francisco Berryessa
was mortally stabbed at his home near the
New Almaden mines bv Calista Lanra, a
Chileno. He died the next morning. Calista
was on friendly terms with the Berryessa fam-
ily and came to the house on the evening of
the stabbing. After partaking of some cakes,
Calista started as if he intended leaving the
house, but in fact, he concealed himself under
the bed occupied by Francisco Berrj-essa and
wife. There were several women in the house,
one of whom knew of Calista's concealment.
Berryessa's wife also discovered him and an-
nounced the fact to her husband. Berr^'essa
ordered the Chileno to come out, and the or-
der not being obeyed, Berryessa caught him
by the hair of the head and pulled him out.
On arising to his feet Calista drew a knife and
stabbed Berryessa. The slayer escaped.

Samuel Phillips and his partner, a Mr. Nes-
bitt. attempted to open a banking house at
the Enrequita mines, near Xew Almaden, on
the e^'ening of Saturda}', August ,1, 1861, ^vhen
a general row took place, knives and pistols be-
ing freely used. A Spaniard was shot in the
neck and killed instantly, and one or two oth-
ers were seriously injured.

On the night of June 4, 1864, Joseph Pelle-
grini, a butcher doing business near New Al-
maden, was murdered in his room as he was in
the act of retiring for the night. A butcher
knife was used and he was stabbed to the
heart. The house door was forced by break-
ing a lock and there was every evidence in the
room of a terrific struggle. Pellegrini was a
quiet, inofifensiA'e man and the supposition
was that he was killed for his money. The
murderer was never found.

On the morning of June 5, 1864, a Mexican
named Julian Almanea, who had lost an arm
and who was the owner of a "dead fall" at
Enrequita, had some words with Juan Jose
Rodriguez. Pistols were drawn and Rod-
riguez was killed. Almanea fled but was ar-
rested in Los Angeles in 1867.

In the early '80s Joe Ramirez killed a man
at the New Almaden mines. He was tried in
San Jose, convicted and hanged.

Mrs. Walter's description of the mines ends
as follows :

"Now the visitor leaves the railway station
two miles from the Hacienda, where are lo-
cated the reduction works of the mine. Al-
most the first thing to greet the eye is a pretty
school house with its groups of neat, tidy
children. Two teachers are employed and
four at the school on the hill, three miles fur-
ther on, for ten months in the j'ear, the school
being in the regular count}' school system.
Along the single street for half a mile are
clean, pretty cottages, the hoines of the Ha-
• cienda workmen, each cottage literally em-
bowered in choice roses and other flowers.
These houses are owned mostly by the com-
l)any, who lease them to the ^vnrkmen at from
two dollars to five dollars per month. Cut-
tings are supplied free from the beautiful
grounds of the manager, where are grown
more varieties of roses than in any other place,
perhaps, in the county. Along the street in
front of the houses a stream of purest water is
conducted in a channel for domestic purposes.
The street is bordered with shade trees and a
neat brick wall extends its entire length.
Everywhere are seen signs of thrift and pros-
perity ; the people look well kept and con-
tented, while an all-pervading spirit of order
and system extends to the remotest ramifica-
tions of this important industry.

"Three miles up a steep but well-graded
road brings one to the mine proper, where are
the great shafts with their huge engines, in
fine of which, the engine of the Buena Vista
shaft, is a piece of iron weighing twelve tons.
The miners are principally Mexican and Cor-
nish. Two pretty church edifices, a Methodist
and a Catholic, located at the Hill settlement,
were liuilt almost entirely from contributions
by the company and manager. A social or-
ganization, called the 'Helping Hand,' for
^\'hich the company erected and fitted up a
club building, for the benefit of the workmen,
has a fine library of nearly 500 volumes, be-
sides a list of magazines and daily and weekly
newspapers of the best published. There are
held frecjuent entertainments, given by the
members, and the society is a wonderful fac-
tcir in the jironiotion of social)ility, general in-
formation and mental culture.

"The miners' fund, to \\'hich each employe
contributes one dollar per month, pays, among
other expenditures for the good of the miners,
the salarv of a resident physician, whose serv-
ices are gratuitous to the contributors. The
value of this arrangement will be better un-
derstood when it is known that a great ma-

90

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

jority of the workmen, are married men with
families. The management encourages this
class, feeling that, as a rule, it is more reliable
and responsible that that composed of men
with no domestic ties. The population of the
settlement (1886) is about 1,400, of whom 600
are under twenty years of age."

In the late 70s ]\Iary Hallock Foote. the
artist and novelist, author of those charm-
ingly written and popular mining camp stories,
was a resident of New Almaden. Her husband,
Arthur D. Foote, was the engineer of the mine.
Mrs. Foote, having much time to spare out-
side of her household duties, made, during
her residence on the Hill, many sketches of
scenery and native tvpes, which an Eastern
magazine was glad to publish. Her work in ■
this line might not have pr(.)ceeded much fur-
ther if her husband had succeeded in securing
the Democratic nomination for surveyor of
Santa Clara County. That was a Democratic
year and nomination was equivalent to elec-
tion. The convention was held in Music Hall,
First Street, San Jose, and Mr. Foote, resolv-
ing to take a shy at politics in the hope that
success might enable him to settle down,
instead of having to move from one place to
another in pursuit of his vocation as a mining-
engineer, announced himself as a candidate for
the nomination. There was one other candi-
date, John Coombe, Avho \vas later killed bv
mistake in an altercation in a First Street
saloon. Coombe was ^vell known throughout
the count V. He was a good mi.xer and had
politics at his lingers' ends, wdiile Foote, on
the other haml, was hardh' known outside of
New Almaden, though he was a man of con-
spicuous aliilitv and unblemished reputation.
Almost a stranger to the majority of the dele-
gates and knowing little of the tricks of the
political trade, his defeat by the Ijallot Avas
not surprising. And yet the contest was close,
for the fine impression created by his speech
before the con\-enti(in, together with his hand-
some, manly appearance, brought him many
votes "which were not his when the delegates
were called tugetlier. The action of the con-
\-ention settled tlie place of residence. When
h'oote's Contract at New .Vlmaden was up he
went into the mining regions of the l\(jck\'
Mountains. Mining camps became the homes
of Foote and his talented wife, anil in those
Western scenes Mrs. h'oote had abundant op-
[)ortunity for the culti\-ati(in of her literary
and artistic gifts. Ah her stories — and she
has \vritten man}- — l)reathe the free, romantic
western atmosphere, and all show a thon-nigh
acquaintance with western scenes and the
habits, customs and mental attitude of the
inhabitants.

At the present time (1922) the stockholders
of the company have taken charge of the af-
fairs of the mines. The shafts on the hill have
not been worked for some time, but all the
employes, over fifty in number, are working
in a new mine. The Senator, situated about,
half-way between Almaden-on-the-Hill and
Guadalupe. The prospects are most encourag-
ing. The superintendent is Edmond Tussen,
whose home is in Berkeley.

The Guadalupe quicksilver mine is situated
two miles north of Almaden on the eastern
slope of the mountains, the fissures or canyons
being near the juncture of the metamorphic
rock and oil-bearing formation. The Guada-
lupe Creek comes out of the Coast Range
near this point, dividing the surface of the
deposit into two parts, though the ore was
found in a continuous body below the creek.
Here are the white cottages of the workmen,
a pretty residence for the superintendent and
e-xtensive reduction works. Owing to the low
price of quicksilver, w^ork was practically sus-
pended fc}r several years, but now, with the
discovery of ore in a ridge never before worked
and with prices lietter than usual, there is
e\-erv prospect of successful operation.

The Enrequita mine, two miles to the south-
-west of New Almaden, is the property of the
Almaden Company. It has been a small pro-
ducer. South of the San Jose Cemetery is
the Old Chapman mine. It was never a pay-
ing proposition and many j'ears ago work was
stopped, ncA'er to he resumed.

Mineral Springs of the County

The mineral springs f)f Santa Clara County
are noteworthy and valuable. One mile above
Saratoga and northwest from it. on Campbell
Creek, are situated the Pacific Congress
Springs, S(-i called I)ecause i;)f their resemblance
to the waters of the famous Congress Springs
of Saratoga, N. Y. This is one of California's
most ]iicturesc|ue and popular watering places
and has always Ijeen in great favor as a winter
resort. It is open the year round. There are
at this place se\eral springs. They are but a
foot or two deep, being excavated from the
sandstone, the lo\\-er one receiN-ing the drain-
age of the others. It sends off a strean-i aljout
twrj inches in size. The \\-aters from these
s])rings are so nearl)- alike that the difference
can hardly Ijc determined In- tlie taste. Bv
anal}-sis it is sho\\'n to contain ,i35.857 grains
r)f Solid matter to the gallon, C(-)mposed as fol-
lows: Chloride of sodium, 11Q.15'-*; sulphate
of Soda, 12.140: carbonate of soda, 123. , 351 ;
carbonate of iron, 14.0,30: carbonate of lime,
17.20,S; and silica alumina with a trace of mag-
nesia, 49.882. It is considered a healthful and
refreshing beverage and has gained much fa-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

91

vor with the pubhc. The place is connected
with Saratoi^a, Los Gatos and San Jose by
the Peninsular Railroad.

The now well-known Madrone Mineral
Springs are situated in P.urnett Township,
about twenty-five miles southeast of San Jose,
in the Coast Range, at an altitude of 2,000
feet. The location is in a sheltered and pic-
turesque canyon at the foot of Pine Ridge.
The place is free from fogs, the atmosphere is
pure and invigorating, and the temperature is
mild and pleasant. The mountains are clothed
with such trees as pine, oak, maple, laurel and
madrone. while medicinal plants are found in
profusion. The early traditions of the Ma-
drone Springs state that they were known to
the Indians and there is little doubt that they
were the "medicine waters" of one of their
tribes, for many relics in the shape of mor-
tars, hatchets, arrowheads and the like have
been, and are still being, turned up in all direc-
tions. The springs are situated six miles
north of the Gilroy Hot Springs, connecting
with which there is a bridle path. There is
a fine road to Madrone Station on the Southern
Pacific Railway. The Springs contain one
of natural soda water, the principal elements
of which are soda, iron and magnesia. This
has proved of great medicinal virtue in dys-
pepsia, liver complaints, kidney diseases and
neuralgic affections. Another is strongly im-
pregnated with iron and arsenic, which for
debility, skin diseases, asthma and other kin-
dred aft'ections has proved an excellent cura-
tive. There is a white sulphur spring, which
is also utilized, while guests may be supplied
with hot and cold baths of natural soft water.
The improvements made are extensiA-e and
up-to-date.

About twelve miles from Gilroy, in a small,
rocky ravine in the Coyote Canyon near the
headwaters of that creek, where the moun-
tains, timlier clad to their summits, rise several
hundred feet on both sides of that stream,
Francisco Cantua, a Mexican sheepherder,
wdiile hunting for some of his stray flock, dis-
covered, in 1865, wdrat are now these famous
springs. Pie lost no time in filing a squatter's
claim to the place, and for some years used it
as a camping ground for himself and friends.
It is not probable that the Indians were aware
of the existence of the springs, for no remains
have been found. Besides, the hills were m
early days much infested by wild beasts, a
fact' that may account for their lack of knowl-
edge on the subject. Cantua sold his interest
to George Roop, who at once commenced the
grading of a road to the springs, the erection
of houses and the general clearing and adorn-
ment of the locality. In addition to a large,
commodious hotel, there, are fifteen cottages

for families, garage, dancing pavilion, swim-
ming tank, sixteen bathrooms, and other con-
veniences of a first-class health resort; one
hundred and fifty guests can be acccjmmodated.
The hiDt spring possesses remarkable medicinal
qualities. It has a nearly uniform temperature
of 118 degrees and contains in solution sul-
phur, iron, soda, magnesia, baryta, arsenic (in
small quantities) and alum in small quantities.
It is pungent but by no means unpleasant to
the taste. Within fifteen feet of the hot springs
there are a dozen or more large springs of
pure, cold water, while nearly three-fourths
of a mile away from the hotel there is a ro-
mantically situated garden, where everything
from an orange to a turnip will flourish. The
place is supplied with telegraph and telephone
communication, and in 1873 a postoffice was
there established. The site of the Gilroy Hot
Springs is 1,240 feet above the sea level, in
the very heart of the mountains, amidst groves
of pine and oak, in which game abound, while
near by the Coyote affords a harvest of trout
to the angler. No more charming resort for
the pleasure-seeker or the invalid is to be found
on the Pacific Coast. W. J- McDonald is the
manager.

There are other mineral springs in the
county, not the least important of which are
the springs in Alum Rock Canyon on the City
Reservation, detailed reference to which will
be given in another chapter devoted to a de-
scription of San Jose's pleasure resorts.

The Oil Development

There is oil in Santa Clara County. Several
spots have been developed to some extent ;
others have not. Near Sargent, at the south-
ern end of the count}', wells have been bored
and oil extracted. In Moody's Gulch, a branch
of the Los Gatos Canyon, several wells have
been bored and for many 3'ears oil, with a
paraffin base, has been extracted, most of the
time in paying quantities. For the first ten
years the output was over 80,000 gallons.
The work was started by R. C. McPherson in
1873. The only fuel used was natural gas.
Of late years the work has been intermittent,
lack of funds often preventing development.
The property is now (1922) owned by the
Trigonia Oil Company, and extensi\'e devel-
opments are now in progress.

North of Los Gatos oil has been found,
though there have not been any operations for
several years. Indications of oil have also
been found in Alum Rock Canyon and in other
portions of the county. Some day, perhaps,
when the country's supply of oil shows signs
of giving out, other and more determined at-
tempts to develop Santa Clara County's oil
resources will be made.

CHAPTER VI.

Society Events in the Fifties, Sixties and Seventies — Reminiscences of
Pioneer Women — Mrs. Carroll's Interesting Record — Charles G. Ames
and Judge William T. Wallace — Presidential Visits.

For much of the material relating to society
affairs in the early days of San Jose, the his-
torian is indebted to that entertaining, gossip}^
book written in 1903 by Mrs. Mary A. Carroll,
since deceased. Mrs. Carroll was for many
years the society editor of the "Mercury," and
her opportunities for gathering old-time social
news were unusually good.

"Society as found in San Jose before the
days of '49 is graphically described by Mrs.
Frances A. Sunol-Angus :

" 'A great deal of it, some of it true, most
of it colored with the light of other days, has
been said and written of the stirring days of
1849, but no one has yet lifted the veil that
dropped when the adventurer and the pros-
pector, following the golden light, founded on
the Pacific sliores the realization of the visions
conjured up by the magic name El Dorado —
the veil that separates old California from the
new, as invisible, yet as real, as any existing
state line.

" 'For the gold excitement, bringing in new
energy and activity, brought also new disturb-
ing elements, and where there had existed a
boundless hosf)italit_v, with the incoming of
the stranger the social limits contracted and
formality and ceremony began to be observed.

" 'I speak of the early forties; my own fath-
er's boyhood days, and my grandfather, Don
Antonio Sunol, and his family are a fair pic-
ture of the chivalrous host and the warm-
hearted hospitality of the times. The guest
chamber was seldom untenanted, and seven or
eight guests were welcomed and entertained
for two or three successive weeks, English,
Russian and American trading vessels made
periodic visits to San Francisco and the mer-
chandise was brought to San Jose on pack
horses. When time permitted, the supercargo,
captain and some of his officers, would accom-
pany the caravan, and for weeks were royally
entertained,

" 'There being from fifty to one hundred
Indian ser\-ants in the household, each guest
was provided with his special one, who waited
upon his every want during the entire visit.
Horses, the very best in the stables, saddles,
silver mounted or plated, and a guide were
always at his command and a servant always
on hand to clasp and unclasp each gentleman's

spurs, while another led his horse away. The
host and his family devoted themselves to the
entertainment of the guests and a series of
festivities was gotten up in their honor. The
homes of Don Salvis Pacheco, Don Dolores
Pacheco, Don Jose Noriega, and Don Antonio
Sunol were the scenes of man}' of these fes-
tivities,

" 'Can you guess how their invitations to a
ball were sent out? Some gay cavalier, who
possessed a melodious voice and could thrum
the light guitar, attired in a gay holiday cos-
tume, with clinking silver spurs and mounted
upon a spirited horse, pranced and curvetted
through the plaza singing some ditty, and
when he had arrested the attention of passers-
by addressed them in friendly, courteous lan-
guage, extending the invitation to all present,
rich and poor, not low and high, for each man
was as good as his neighbor, and wealth did
not place a man upon a pedestal of honor.
When ]deasantries had been exchanged be-
tween the messenger and the crowd, he passed
on and stopping at the door of each house, re-
peated his invitation, thus honoring all with a
da)'light serenade.

" 'Young ladies attended balls and parties
accompanied by their mothers, or, in the ab-
sence of these, by some elderly female relative.
The chaperon was known as the "duenna."
Young men and maidens carried on their court-
ship at these balls right under the unseeing
eyes of the watchful (?) duenna. When this
secret love-making had reached a successful
issue between the pair, the youth acquainted
his father with his hopes and aspirations, and
he in turn sought the maiden's father. His
consent gained, the bride's trousseau was nn-
mediately prepared, the weddhrg was an-
nounced and in a few weeks the marriage bells
were ringing. The festivities lasted a week or
more, and, as at other times, everybody was
welcomed and feasted. The bride's dower con-
sisted of household furnishings, cattle and
horses — quality in accordance with her father's
means,

" 'There were no formal receptions, no cere-
monious calls. Ladies went out from their
homes in simple household attire and spent a
few hours in friendly conversation with a
neighbor. When visits were made in the even-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

93

ing a number of friends called together and
the time was given up to music, dancing, fun
and laughter. The younger members never
felt any restraint in presence of their elders,
although they treated them with the most
scrupulous deference and respect. Boys al-
ways stood with heads uncovered while speak-
ing to old or middle-agd people, even on the
street. There was one generous custom dear
to the heart of the California boy, and that
was the godfather's gift at the christening — •
gold and silver coins thrown out by the hand-
ful and scrambled for by the small boy.

" 'The modes of salutation during the Golden
Age were the hearty handshake, when the
meeting between friends took place upon the
street, un abrazo (an embrace) when within
the sacred precincts of home. As I have shown
you, simplicity was the rule ; forms and cere-
monies were unknown. There was no vieing
with one and another as to who should stand
upon the highest round of the social ladder,
but each one extended his hand to help an-
other climb to where he stood, so that over
all there reigned a spirit of peace and good
will. Would that we might stop for a moment
in our feverish rush for recognition and posi-
tion and breathe in the spirit of the olden
time.' "

The late Joseph H. Scull, who came here
at an early date and who carefully watched
the changes that have taken place during the
past fifty years, wrote to Mrs. Carroll as
follows :

"I regret to say that I will have to dis-
appoint you in giving the desired information
in regard to social gatherings here during the
early '50s. I did not, for a moment, think that
such reminiscences would be of any value or
interest after the lapse of years, and therefore
did not charge my memory with them.

"Nevertheless, assuming that I have your
permission to do so, I will jot down some
remarks as I go along on the subject in hand.
There were very few American women here
in those early days, and they were mostly
married, so far as I remember; and American
girls, grown to womanhood, were like 'angels'
visits, few and far between,' and hence social
gatherings were scarce, balls being the chief
amusement in vogue, consisting of quadrilles,
contra dances, waltzes and Virginia reels, and
for variety's sake occasionally an Irish break-
down, when some Celtic fellow-citizens were
present. Later on the schottische, the polka
and the mazurka were introduced. The Cah-
fornia girls, as a matter of course, were largely
in the majority, but unaccustomed to social
gatherings, their only amusement being fan-
dangoes, as the California balls were then
called. The dances were the contra dance, the

waltz and one or two kinds of jigs; and the
music, a guitar, and sometimes two, until the
arrival of a Mexican who could scratch on the
fiddle enough provincial music to dance by.
The fandangoes continued to flourish long after
immigration began to pour in."

"xAs the time passed on, in the early '50s
here, the California girls began to adopt Amer-
ican methods, especially in balls, and soon be-
came adepts in the steps and movements of
the new dances mentioned, and were exceed-
ing graceful. It is needless to say that los
Gringos were not slow in availing themselves
of that terpsichorean circumstance ; and to in-
duce the girls to go to a ball they notified
them beforehand that carriages or hacks would
be sent for them. So, during the earliest pe-
riod, no black-eyed senorita ever went to or
from an American ball on foot, but when wo-
men began to be plentiful the cavalier car-
riages became obsolete.

"It is worthy of remark that at an American
ball at that time harmony, good will and the
utmost decorum prevailed. Everybody stood
on a perfect equality while in the ballroom,
and to my certain knowledge there were no
invidious distinctions, either expressed or im-
plied. An American ball always had the ap-
petizing adjunct of a bountiful supper. The
music that set "the light fantastic toe" a-going
consisted of a fiddle — a fiddle, mark you, not a
violin — and later on with a flute accompani-
ment. San Jose had not yet risen to the dig-
nity of possessing a regular orchestra, but
withal an American terpsichorean function was
a pleasurable afliair to attend.

"This decade was perhaps the most impor-
tant in the social history of San Jose, for about
this time families — men and women of sterling
worth and possessing all the accomplishments
necessary to the formation of a solid founda-
tion on which to build society — settled in this
valley.

"Before this time, however, Mr. and Mrs.
James F. Reed, parents of Mrs. John Murphy
and Mrs. Mattie Lewis, had arrived here. The
Reed home was always the scene of social
gatherings, and at one of their large dinner
parties it is said that Mrs. Reed paid sixteen
dollars apiece for turkeys, and bought all that
were to be had.

"During the meeting of the first Legislature
'every house was an inn where all were wel-
comed and feasted,' and all through the ses-
sion not an evening passed without a large
party at some home. Of course, the big ball
at the close was the event in San Jose's his-
tory. No wonder many belles and beaux of
that time still preserve with care and look
with pleasure at the white satin invitation
which reads :

94

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

" 'Washington Birth-Night Ball — Your com-
pany is respectfully solicited at a Ball, to be
given at the Capitol, on the evening of the
22d instant, at /J^i^ o'clock p. m., being the
118th Anniversary of the Father of Our Coun-
try,' and which was signed by the following
committee : Hon. John McDougal, Mr. Bass-
ham, Mr. Bidwell, Mr. Broderick, Mr. Cham-
herlin, Mr. Crosby, Mr. De la Guerra, Mr.
Douglass, Mr. Green, Mr. Hope, Mr. Lippin-
cott, Mr. Heydenfeldt, Mr. Robinson, Mr. Val-
lejo, Mr. Vermeule, Mr. Woodworth, Mr. Aram,
Mr. Baldwin, Mr. Bigler, Mr. Brackett, Mr.
Bradford, Mr. Brown, Mr. Cardwell, Mr.
Corey, Mr. Corvarubias, Mr. Craner, Mr. Crit-
tenden, Mr. Clarke, Mr. Williams, Hon. Mr.
Gray, Hon. Mr. Heath, Hon. Mr. Hughes, Mr.
McKinstry, Mr. Morehead, Mr. Tingley, Mr.
Tefft, Mr. Stowel, Mr. Stephens, Mr. Stewart,
Mr. Scott, Mr. Perlee, Mr. Moore, Mr. Patter-
son, Mr. Randolph, Mr. Ogier, Mr. Walthall,
Mr. Watson, Mr. Witherby, Mr. Roman, Mr.
Henley, Mr. Houston, G. F. Wymans, Ben
Van Scoten. Van Voorhies, Nat. Bennett, H.
A. Lyons, F. B. Clement, Chas. White, Col.
Jack Hays, Major Ben McCulloch, Major Mike
Chevallie, Major James Graham, Gen. Don An-
dreas Pico, Antonio M. Pico, Antonio Sunol,
John M. Murphy, John Reed.'W. H. Eddy, ].
b. Hoppe, T. F. Howe, Capt. W. G. Marcy, E.
Covington, W. B. Olds, A. AV. Luckett, Bela
Dexter, Peter Davidson, T- M. Jones, A. Coin-
dreau, H. H. Robinson, W. R. Turner, E. H.
Sharp, E. Byrne, Caius Ryland, E. Dickey, A.
D. Ohr, Fred H. Sand'ford, F. Lightston.
Among the beauties and belles on that mem-
orable night were Mrs. John Murphy, Miss
Rea Burnett, now Mrs. Wallace: Miss Letitia
Burnett, now Mrs. Ryland ; Miss Maggie
Jones, now Mrs. Josiah Belden; Miss Laura
Jones, who is Mrs. Hunt of Visalia ; Miss
Juanita vSoto, and Miss Marcelline Pico.

"Among the beaux at this time was Norman
Bestor, a civil engineer, who made his home,
while here, with James F. Reed. He played
on the guitar and flute, was a fine singer, and
an all-around favorite. Mr. Bestor, in a letter,
regrets being unable to give a satisfactory ac-
count of the early social functions. He writes:
'During the first Legislature I was in San
Jose; and it was then that I surveyed the 500-
acre tract adjacent to the town, belonging to
Mr. Reed, and laid off as an addition. Mr.
Reed named the streets himself. From 1850
to 1856 I was engaged at the New Almaden
quicksilver mines and lived there. During that
time I frequently drove to San Jose to attend
parties. Some of the society men of the '50s
were Ralph Lowe, S. O. Houghton, Drury
Malone, J. H. Flickinger, Joseph H. Scull,

Henry B. Alvora, Aleck Moore, D. McDonald
and Keat Bascom.'

"In these early days many houses were
brought around the Horn and set up on ar-
rival. One of these is that of Judge A. L.
Rhodes, on the Alameda, and under this hos-
pitable roof friends have delighted to gather
since the days of 1855. In 1854 Mr. and Mrs.
Rhodes came across the plains with a train of
fifteen, with Mr. Rhodes as captain. Mrs.
Rhodes told me that one evening during the
journey a man called and asked if his train of
ten men could join forces with them. The
man was Jefferson Trimble, brother of the late
John Trimble. At Humboldt River they were
met by John Trimble, who guided them to this
valley, where he had already settled. Miss
Ware, afterwards Mrs. John Selby, came with
them.

"When Mr. and Mrs. Rhodes moved to the
Alameda, their nearest neighbors were Judge
and Mrs. Craven P. Hester, who lived where
the Clark home now stands. Charming social
gatherings were held at the Hester home, and
their accomplished daughters. Miss Sallie,
afterwards Mrs. Maddock, and Miss Lottie,
afterwards Mrs. Phelps, assisted in dispensing
generous hospitality.

"Among notable families that came here in
1853 was that of Mr. and Mrs. Coleman Young-
er, who arrived after a six months' trip from
Missouri. Their house was brought around the
Horn, and it is needless to say that as soon as
it arrived, with true Southern hospitality it
was thrown open and a large party given,
when among the guests were : Drury Malone,
Tad Robinson, all the state officers, Aleck
Moore, Major and Mrs. S. J. Hensley, Mr. and
Mrs. P. H. Burnett, Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Wal-
lace.

"In speaking of social functions, Mrs.
Younger said that in '54 she remembers spend-
ing a delightful evening at the home of Don
Antonio Sunol, whose hospitality was un-
bounded, whose trained Indian servants were
the envy of many less fortunate, and whose
exquisite table linen, adorned with Spanish
drawn work, was the admiration of all. The
guests included Mr. and Mrs. Ryland, Mr. and
Mrs. Wallace, and Mr. and Mrs. Younger. A
large dancing party, given for the benefit of
the Presbyterian Church when Rev. Dr. Gar-
win was pastor, was among the many enjoy-
able functions here. In this the moving spirits
were Mrs. Crosby, Mrs. S. J. Hensley, and
Miss Lois Bradley.

"Mrs. Aladdock has graciously written the
following reminiscences of those early times:
'In looking over a journal which I kept when
a young girl, I find that almost everything of
interest is jotted down. The young married
ladies were Mrs. Hensley, Mrs. Belden, Mrs.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

95

Ryland, Mrs. Wallace. Mrs. lolin Murphy,
Mrs. Yoell, Mrs. Lottie Thompson, Mrs. Fred
Appleton. and Mrs. Gertrude Horn, mother of
Mrs. Atherton of literary fame. Among the
young ladies were Miss Price and her sister,
Miss Bettie, now Mrs. John Moore, both noted
for their beauty ; Colonel Younger's daughters,
Miss Flelen and Miss Fanny; Miss Mary
Smith, Miss Yontz, Miss Echols (a beautiful
girl). Miss Ellen Skinner and sister, Miss Nel-
lie; Miss Mattie Reed, Miss Henrie Bascom
(pretty and witty). Miss Lizzie Branham, Miss
C. Packwood, Miss Divine (later Mrs. Estee
of San Francisco), and pretty Miss Lizzie Mil-
ler, now Mrs. Mitchell and living abroad.

" 'On July 17, 1858, Mrs. Hensley g-ave a
garden part}', when the grounds were lighted
with lanterns and supper was served in the
summer house. Among those present were :
Mr. and Mrs. Josiah Belden, Mr. and Mrs.
Ryland, Mr. and Mrs. John Murphy, Mr. and
Mrs. Younger, Mr. and Mrs. Appleton, Mr.
and Mrs. Yoell, Mrs. Thompson, Mr. and Mrs.
Archer, Misses Camilla and Betty Price, Miss
Divine, Miss Yontz, Miss Holmes of Oregon,
Fred Hale, William Matthews, Dr. Chamber-
lin, Mr. McGowan, John B. Hewson, Dr. Shaw,
William Lewis, Mr. Gregory, Mr. Yontz, Mr.
Moultrie, Mr. Johnson, and Mr. Davis.

" 'On February 3, 1858, Mrs. Fred Appleton
gave a fancy dress party at her home on the
Alameda. Mrs. Appleton was a dark beauty
and charming in manner. She was dressed as
a gypsy; Mrs. Smith as Night; Miss Yontz as
Morning; Miss Packwood as Morning Star;
Miss Lily Eschols as Mary, Queen of Scots.
Others present were: Misses Bascom, Divine,
Thompson. Price and Hester. The gentlemen
were: John B. Hewson, William R. Davis,
Messrs. Lewis, Gregory, Yontz, William Mat-
thews, Hall, Dr. Bell, and others. Miss Lottie
Thompson was a Highland lassie and Miss
Sallie Hester a flower girl.

"Then we had balls galore at the old State
House on the plaza and the City Hall on Mar-
ket Street. I remember a large party given
by the young men of San Jose in 1865 at the
City Hall. At that time others were added to
the list of society people : Mrs. William Dick-
inson, Mrs. Flora Burnett, Mrs. Brown, Mrs.
Thornberg, a beautiful woman, and others.'

"In 1858 the Young Men's Social Club was
organized and the officers were : S. O. Hough-
ton, W. R. Yontz, and W. A. Lewis. The
members were: J. B. Hewson, James H.
Gardner, George Evans, John M. Sherwood, B.
F. Dewey, C. E. Cheney, A. W. Bell, Ralph
LoAve, L. P. Peck, W. E. Davis, Joseph Bass-
ler, John R. Yontz, John H. Gregory, Alex
Beaty, S. Bassler, John Q. Pearl, A. Redman,
J. H. Flickinger, John M. Murphy, P. O.
Minor, Edmund McGowan, and William Mat-

thews. Below this list was W. H. Travis,
teacher of dancing. Mr. Lowe has also the
dance programme of the second ball of the
Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Society, given
at the City Hall, Friday evening, October 21,
1859. The reception committee included James
F. Kennedy, John B. Hewson, W. A. Lewis,
Patrick Murphy, Colonel Hollister, and Joseph
R. Weller. The managers were Cary Peebles,
Colonel Younger, R. G. Moody, H. C. Malone,
S. J. Hensley, W. A. Bray, L. Prevost, E. S.
Chipman, W. Reynolds, and W. T. Wallace.
The floor managers were John M. Murphy and
H. H. Winchell. The order of dances was
promenade march, cjuadrille, schottische, ma-
zurka, polka, waltz, ciuadrille coquette. High-
land schottische, varsovienne, and quadrille
march. Then supper and afterward the qua-
drille, waltz, polka, schottische, mazurka,
Spanish dance, 'Home, Sweet Home.'

"In the home of Adolph Pfister the guest
was always sure of a cordial greeting, and din-
ners were the favorite form of entertaining,
the family seldom enjoying this meal without
two or more guests. Mr. and Mrs. T. J. Wil-
burn, who came here in the early '50s from
their Missouri home, settled on the Alameda,
where, with characteristic hospitality, they de-
lighted to gather friends around them. Their
daughter, Mrs. Givens George, speaking of
those times, said : 'The first party I attended
here was in the '50s and was a dancing party
given by Major and Mrs. Hensley. Among
the belles and beaux present on that occasion,
I remember Miss Sallie Hester, the Misses
Price, Miss Mattie Reed, Givens George, Ned
McGowan, Fred Hall, Fred Appleton, John
Gregory, Jim Maxey, and Captain McKenney.'

"A large and delightful social circle, whose
members did not include the votaries of the
ballroom, but whose teas, church socials, mite
societies and afternoon and evening gatherings
were equally enjoyable, was formed by Mr. and
Mrs. Donald MacKenzie, Mr. and Mrs. John
Piercy, Misses Julia and Lou McCabe, the
late Rev. H. C. Benson, Mrs. Benson, Mr. and
Mrs. John Selby, Mr. and Mrs. T. Rea, Mr.
and Mrs. J. H. Flickinger, Mr. and Mrs. John
Trimble, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Dr. and Mrs.
Caldwell, Mr. and Mrs. William De Hare
Boone, and Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Wilcox. Mrs.
Piercy often told of the delightful gatherings
at the home of Mrs. MacKenzie and that in
those times it was the principal place where
Presbyterians gathered to spend a social even-
ing. About this time Rev. L. Hamilton was
pastor of the Presbyterian Church and Mrs.
Piercy said that one day the reverend gentle-
man called at her residence on Julian Street,
where a number of church people were spend-
ing the afternoon, and told them of his latest
exploit, that of climbing to the top of the high-

96

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

est peak of the Coast Range Mountains, and
how in honor of this feat that i^eak was after-
wards known as Mt. Hamilton.

"The social changes in the '60s are aptly de-
scribed by a lady who for years was one of San
Jose's lovely and amiable girls, afterwards
ranking among the charming and aiiable ma-
trons, Mrs. S. O. Houghton, now of I^os
Angeles :

" 'San Jose society between the years 1861-
'65, had its social code and its e.N;clusive circles,
but it was not governed by iron-clad rules, nor
was it hedged with formalities. Its social
events were suited to the conditions of an in-
telligent, sprightly, pioneer community, whose
best physical and mental efiforts were devoted
to practical schemes and to matters of great
public interest, and whose hospitable natures
still kept in touch with old home customs and
influences. Few of us lived in houses spacious
enough to accommodate large numbers of
guests, but many delightful teas and sumptu-
ous dinners brought genial friends together in-
formally. There were also frequent exchanges
of visits among families in the evenings. Home
talent provided many musical treats, and spell-
ing matches for benevolent purposes afforded
much amusement to large audiences.

" 'AH entertainments for church or charity
were regarded as social events. Madame Anna
Bishop and Mr. and Mrs. Marriner Campbell,
of San Francisco, occasionally favored us with
concerts, which always brought out the most
appreciative people. Our younger members
had also their horseback rides, picnics, driving
and dancing parties.

" 'It was not yet the custom to have these
courtesies and merrymakings chronicled in the
newspapers, nor were brides in those days en-
riched with wedding presents. Day weddings
were usually followed with dinners to relatives
and intimate friends of contracting parties, and
night weddings frequently ended with dances
at the 'hall,' which was decorated with ever-
greens for the occasion.

" 'An annual ball was given by each of the
following organizations; Firemen, Odd Fel-
lows, Masons, and Military Companies. Arm-
ory Hall was tastefully festooned for these
events with evergreens, flowers and flags. The
refreshments served were elaborate and the
music furnished was excellent. February
twenty-second, July fourth. Thanksgiving
night, and New Year's eve were the dates se-
lected for these brilliant reunions, which re-
ceived the recognition and moral support of
the best people in the community. As the
membership roll of the first named organiza-
tion formed largely the lists of the others,
most of the husbands, brothers, and beaux ap-
peared in different uniforms on each occasion.

■' 'The married ladies who, as spectators and
chaperons, gave tone and dignity to these fes-
tal scenes, were costumed in silks, satins, and
velvets, high at the neck and with long sleeves,
trimmed with laces and narrow velvet ribbon.
They wore white gloves and carried lace
handkerchiefs and handsome fans. Their or-
naments were garnet and coral "sets," or neck-
laces of gold, with pendant crosses jeweled
with pearls and diamonds. Brides wore their
bridal robes and ornaments, and young ladies
were gowned in delicate shades of tarletans,
Swiss, and grenadines. Many of their skirts
were tucked nearly to the waist. The bodices
\\'ere low at the neck and had short puffed
sleeves daintily trimmed with lace and satin
ribbon. The}- also wore white gloves, and
flowers in their hair. Gold necklaces with
lockets attached were their only ornaments.
Dancing began as early as eight o'clock in the
evening, and those who did not wish to see the
peep of day went home before the programme
was finished.'

"No home was more hospitable, nor none
opened its doors more frequently to guests
than the one presided over by Major and Mrs.
\A\ W. McCoy, on the Alameda. Here dinners
and dances were an almost every-dav occur-
rence. An elaborate dinner was given in honor
of Hon. T. A. and Mrs. Hendricks, when the
future Vice-President of the United States was
touring the state in the early '60s. Mr. and
Mrs. McCoy were assisted by their beautiful
and accomplished daughters, Miss Nannie and
Miss Fannie. The guests, besides Mr. and
Mrs. Hendricks, were: Dr. and Mrs. Bascom,
Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Wallace, Colonel and Mrs.
Younger, Dr. Marcus Chamblin.'

"Following is a charming letter from Mrs.
Fitzgerald : 'On receiving a letter asking for
some brief account of some party I attended in
San Jose in bygone years, my mind at once
reverted to the wxdding of two of Governor
Burnett's children, somewhere near 1860.
Miss Sallie Burnett was married to Mr. Fran-
cis Poe, of Maryland, I think, and Mr. Arm-
stead Burnett to Miss Flora Johnson. Miss
Burnett's bridesmaids were her cousin. Miss
Mollie Smith, and Miss Maggie Branham,
afterwards Mrs. Ogier. I do" not remember
^vho were their groomsmen, but those of the
other couple were Mr. James Johnson, uncle
of the bride, and Mr. James Whitney, and
the bridesmaids were Miss Lou Johnson and
Miss Fannie McCoy.

" 'There was a large party on the night of
the wedding in Governor Burnett's old home
and the elaborate supper was served in an un-
finished house which Mrs. C. T. Ryland was
then building in her father's yard. Next day
the bridal party attended a dinner given by
Dr. and Mrs. Johnson, and on the evening

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

97

following Colonel and Mrs. Younger gave a
large party in their honor. Other entertain-
ments followed, and at the end of a week's
festivities in San Jose the party, with parents
and friends, went to San Francisco. There was
no railroad then, and we were driven in car-
riages to Alviso, where we took the boat to
the city. There we attended a reception giv-
en by Miss Page and had a good time general-
ly for several days after. Mrs. Pee lived but
six months after her marriage, and Mr. Arm-
stead Burnett only a year and a half. Mr.
Poe went East and' was killed during the Civil
War, and Mrs. Burnett, some time after the
death of her husband, married Mr. Will Hes-
ter. Miss Lou Johnson is now Mrs. Dick-
inson, and Miss Mollie Smith married a gen-
tleman of the same name. San Jose was a very
pleasant place in those days. It was still
early enough for the gentlemen to greatly
outnumber the ladies, so beaux were abundant,
and the girls made much of. There were some
beautiful Spanish and Mexican girls, too, some
of whose names I forget. I remember the
Misses Pico and Sunol, however.'

'Tn writing of these times, Dr. Chamblin
said that he had very pleasant recollections
of his many old time friends in San Jose and
of the many enjoyable social affairs he attend-
ed here in the early sixties at the home of
Major and Mrs. W. W. jMcCov, Judge and
Mrs. W. T. Wallace, Colonel and Mrs. Cole-
man Younger, and several others, all of whom
were noted for their southern hospitality.

"The home of Mr. and Mrs. Josiah Belden,
which stood wdiere the Hotel Vendome now
is, was the scene of many balls, musicales, and
dinners. Among them a sumptuous dinner,
followed by a dance, was given in the sixties
in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Delos Cole, who
had just been married. In speaking of this
a guest, who was present, said : 'A hand-
somer bride it would have been hard to find
than was Mrs. Cole, and no wonder she was
the central figure that night at the Belden
party. Her beautiful neck, shoulders, and
arms and her sweet face made, indeed, a per-
fect picture.'

"Mr. and Mrs. Norman Porter, and Dr.
and Mrs. Knox were among the people who
selected San Jose for their home, and in 1863
they settled here and soon occupied prominent
places in society.

"A few years later Dr. Chas. G. Ames, a
Unitarian divine, made monthly trips to Santa
Cruz to deliver lectures, and at the close of
the season the Unity Society sprang into ex-
istence. Among the active members of the
popular society, that for nearly fourteen years
gave the most enjoyable entertainments ever
known here were Mrs. Laura J. Watkins, Mr.
and Mrs. M. Leavenworth, Mr. and Mrs. C.

T. Settle, Mr. and Mrs. Ashley, Mr. and Mrs.
Gould, Levi Goodrich, J. J. Owen, Mr. and
Mrs. Thompson, Mr. and Mrs. G. Blaine, Mr.
and Mrs. A. T. Herrmann and Mrs. Sarah
J. Knox."

The historian will here interrupt Mrs.
Carroll's account by relating a story in which
Rev. Mr. Ames and William T. Wallace
figured. Wallace was a pioneer member
of the San Jose bar, and a leader in so-
ciety. In the sixties he was elected Chief
Justice of the State Supreme Court. Ames
was not a politician and made but few
speeches, but these were something out of the
ordinary. He was one of the brightest men,
intellectually the country has ever produced.
He saved the day for the Republican party
in 1872 when George C. Gorham was the lead-
ing Republican orator of the state. As a de-
bater Gorham had no superior on the stump,
and when joint discussions were the rule he
was an enem)' to be feared. Late in the cam-
paign a joint meeting in San Jose was ar-
ranged, the speakers to be Gorham for the
Republicans and Judge William T. Wallace
for the Democrats. Wallace was then in his
prime and one of the most eloquent and ef-
fective orators on the Coast. A large stand
was erected on Santa Clara street in front
of the Auzerais House and an immense crowd,
comprising people from all parts of the coun-
ty was in attendance when the hour of
discussion arrived. At the last moment con-
sternation reigned in the rooms of the Repub-
lican County Central Committee. Gorham had
missed his train and could not be present.
Without him the meeting would be a Demo-
cratic walkover and the Republican party of
Santa Clara County would receive a blow
that would be felt for years.

The members of the Committee had about
given up in despair when some one suggest-
ed Charles G. Ames as a substitute for Gor-
ham. It was not expected that he could do
much without preparation, but it was believed
that he could, at least, put up a good blufif
and save the Republican party its distance.
Like a drowning man catching at a straw, the
committee caught at the suggestion and as
good fortune would have it they found Ames
willing to undertake the job. The Democrats
readily accepted the substitution, believing
that Ames would be a mere puppet in the
hands of the trained and eloquent Wallace.
They also graciously consented to give Ames
the opening and closing speech, and the meet-
ing opened at the appointed hour before a
crowd composed of sober-faced Republicans
and glad-eyed Democrats.

Ames' opening speech was short. He made
no attempt to fire the hearts of his Republi-
can auditors but contented himself with a brief

98

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

but clear statement of the principles and aims
of the party he represented. Wallace fol-
lowed in one of the best efforts of his life.
In the belief that he was master of the situ-
ation, he was eloquent and sarcastic by turns,
but strong at all times. Dismissing with a
few contemptuous words the arguments ad-
vanced by Ames, as if both the subject and
the man were beneath his notice, he went over
the history of the past and in words of burn-
ing elofjuence pointed out the path, that in his
opinion, all honest A'oters should travel. AVhen
he took his seat the air was rent Avith cheers.
A happier lot of Democrats were never gath-
ered at a political meeting.

The Republicans saw Ames arise but in their
eyes there was no light of confidence or hope.
They looked upon the day as lost and in
imagination could see the grand Democratic
demonstration that must follow the meeting.
But soon despair gave place to surprise and
surprise to joy that could hardly be restrained
from the noisiest exhibition. Ames, after a
few commonplaces, began to speak like one
inspired. Epigrams, like pearls, dropped
from his lips and brilliant bursts of eloquence
Avere follcAved bv sentences of such biting sar-
casm that the Democrats winced as if they
had been pricked Ijy a knife. The speaker
with his intellectual grasp, his thorough
knowledge of his subject and his wonderful
command of language, played upon his hear-
ers as if they were some instrument and he
the accomplished performer and master. As
for Judge Wallace, Ames metaphorically wiped
the floor with him and the defeat of the dis-
tinguished Democrat was so complete that it
AA'as years befc)re he could be induced to de-
liver another speech in San Jose. The Re-
publicans, and not the Democrats, had the
demonstration that evening and Ames was
the hero of the hour.

Now Mrs. Carroll again.

"In the early sixties the homes of Mr. and
Mrs. Tliormburg and 'Mv. and Mrs. Cary Pee-
bels, near Santa Clara, were frequently invad-
ed by parties of merry-makers, and all were
sure of receiving a cordial welcome. In speak-
ing of these surprise parties, Mrs. Delos Cole
said that she neA'er forgot the exquisite sing-
ing of Morris M. Estee, (afterward Go\-ernor
of the state) who was always one of the crowd
and who sang 'The Mocking Bird' with ininii-
table charm at the last party she attended at
Mrs. Thormburg's.

"Mrs. EA'aline Prothero Yoell, who for years
was considered the mrist beautiful woman in
the county, wrote of San Jose society, say-
ing: 'I attended every party of importance
from 1852 dfjwn to the last three that came
very near together in 1870, Avhen I left the
Garden City. The first of these three was

given by Miss Camilla Price, sister of Mrs.
John Moore, at Judge Moore's residence, in
honor of Mrs. Phoebe Hearst. The second
was the golden wedding of Judge and Mrs.
Craven Hester, and the last was given by
Judge and Mrs. A. E. Rhodes, celebrating the
anniversary of the wedding of their daughter,
Miss Mary, to ]\Ir. Alfred Barstow. These
parties, all elegant, reflected great credit upon
the ladies wdio were to the manor born. There
was no Eudwig or Maison Dore to beckon
to their assistance, and who appear like mag-
ic and quietly steal away. The ladies depend-
ed upon their own tact and ingenuity. My
memory is not Aery good and I could not be-
,gin to describe them, as I fear, amid the glam-
our of the oriental splendor of today, it would
sound meagre, would would be injustice
to those society ladies. At the party at
Judge Rhodes', as I entered the room,
I said to him: 'WHiere will you find any to
compare with this bcAy of ladies — Mrs. W. T.
Wallace, Mrs. Hensley, then a widow, Mrs.
Josiah Belden, Mrs. Fitzgerald, Miss Sallie
Hester, Mrs. A. M. Thompson, Miss Camilla
Price, and Mrs. John Moore?'

" 'Our society from the early '60s down to
'70 included : Mr. Boring, afterward Bishop of
Georgia, and daughters. Misses Jnlia and Ella,
Mr. and Mrs. S.^T- Hensley, :\irs. C. T. Ry-
land, Mr. and ilrs. W. T. 'Wallace, Mr. and
Mrs. J. F. Reed, .Mr. and Mrs. Josiah P.elden,
Judge and Mrs. Hester, and their daughters.
Misses Sallie and Eaura, Dr. and Airs. Bascom
and daughters. Miss Dollie Coombs, after-
wards Mrs. Horace Hawes, Colonel J. B. Price
and daughters. Misses Camilla and Betty,
Miss Julia Peck, afterAvards Mrs. Eevi Good-
rich, Miss Florence Inskeep, Afiss Mollie
Crane, afterwards Mrs. AlcPike, Colonel and
Mrs. IMcCo}-, Miss Nannie McCoy, Aliss Fan-
nie McCoy, now Mrs. Adolph Fitzgerald, and
Mrs. West Chappell.'

"A large party Avas given by E. C. Single-
tary in Music Hall, and it Avas one of the
swell aiTairs of the period. W^reaths of ivy,
mingled Avith red and Avhite roses, festooned
the hall, and from the chandeliers hung bird
cages, and ever and anon the shrill notes
of the golden Avarlilers blended in complete
harmony Avith the soul-stirring and body-lift-
ing strains from the band on the platform.

"Mr. SingletarA- proA'ed himself to be a prince
at entertaining. The Ijrilliant parlor and club
ro(Tms Avere o])en for all Avho did not Avish
to dance; colored serxants, in li\-erA-, attend-
ed to e\'ery Avant : carriages Avere at the dis-
])osal of the guests, and the sumptuous sup-
per AA'ould ha\"e done credit to rcivalty.

"In the later sexenties the young society
leaders organized a social clul) to introduce
the German. Professor Millington Avas chosen

H1S'1\)RY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

99

director, and under the leadershi]) of Charles
15. Hensley and Miss Kate Moody, the .sj^race-
ful fiq;ures with their accompanj'ing favors,
mirrors, fluwer^, and ribbons, were thoroughly
enjoyed by the merry dancers. Among- the
members were Miss Annie Hanchett, sifter-
wards Mrs. Jack A\'right of Sacramento; Miss
Kate Moody, now Mrs. W. C. Kennedy; Miss
Sallie Trimble, now Airs. Nicholas Bowden ;
Miss Ella Hensley, now Mrs. Thornton, of
^Montana ; Miss Lou Schallentierger, now Mrs.
Thomas Montgomer)- ; Miss Frankie Cahill,
now Airs. Charles Wilcox; Miss Jennie Ca-
hill, now Mrs. A. L. Veuve; Miss Jennie Wil-
son, now Mrs. "W. P. Veuve; Miss Minnie
Fule}', now Mrs. Richmond ; Miss Anita Fal-
lon, Miss Ida George, now Mrs. Frank Bishop-
rick, Miss Ada Ryland, Misses Porter, and
Miss Pugh ; Messrs. Charles Hensley, Loring
0. Nesmith, John T. IMalone, E. S. Breyfogle,
W. C. Kennedy, W. P. Veu\'e, Frank Haight,
Sam R. Rhodes, E. C. Singletarv, J. H. Camp-
bell, H. B. Alford, George Ashley, Ike Loeb,
Pomeroy, Cutler, McMahon, Owen, and
Howes.'

"In '76 the French residents celebrated the
Fall of the Bastile for the first time in this
citv. The large ball and sumptuous bancpiet
at the Lake House was a social function not
to be overlooked. The grounds were adorned
with flags and lanterns and here the large sup-
per table was arranged in the shape of a hollow
o\al. J. Poulain occupied a seat in the center,
with Hon. B. D. Murphy, who was then mayor
of the city, on his left, and J. B. J. Portal on
the right. The committee of arrangements
\\-ere I. B. J. Portal, B. Burv, A. Delmouly.
L Jacquelin and P. Etchebarne.

"An Authors' Carnival and Ladies' Bazaar,
the first on the Pacific Coast, was held in
Music Hall under the auspices of the Home
of Benevolence. It was an event in the his-
tory of San Jose and well maj^ the officers
of the Home at that time be gratefully remem-
bered for the skill with which they conduct-
ed the afifair. Mrs, Nellie B. Eyster was pres-
ident; Mrs. M. H. McKee and Mrs. L. W.
Moultrie, vice-presidents; Mrs. Louise E.
King, secretary, and Airs. Frances D'. Wil-
liams, treasurer. The board of managers were:
Mesdames J. C. Cobb, C. R. Span, T. W.
Spring, A. N. Gates, Ben Cory, P. D. Hale,
Pauline Stone, E. Coombs, T. E. Beans, S. A,
Clark, C. H. Allen, H. J. Haskell, Jackson
Lewis, P. T. de Cabe, A. T. Herrmann and
M. Diamond.

"The following bit of reminiscence about
General Smith, at whose home near this city
many people have been entertained, is from
Airs.' Mary Barstow, daughter of Judge Rhodes
and the late Airs. Rhodes.

" 'General Giles A. Smith, who as a divi-
si<in commander under Grant, served with
great distinction during the Civil War, and
\\ho \\'as afterward appointed Second Assistant
I'listmaster-General at Washington, came to
California in the early seventies for a rest,
with his \vife and little daughter. May. They
were accumpanied by Alfred Barstow. Air.
ISarstow was also connected with the Post-
oilice Department and he and General Smith
l)ecame great friends. The General bou.ght a
ranch in the foothills near Alum Ivock, where
he built a beautiful home and entertained
charmingly.

" ',\fter the General's death. Airs. Smith and
her daughter went abroad, where Aliss Alay
married a gentleman of Gene\a, ,S\vitzerland,
and still lixes there in the most ideal man-
ner, her husbantl. Air. Francis Delapalane, be-,
ing an artist of high standing and ample
means.'

"A l)rilliant jjart}- by the young men of San
Jose was given Friday evening, January 26,
"1883, when

Shimmering satin and gossamer laces,
Blaze of trumpets and bugle call ;
A shifting sea of bewildering faces.
Surging along through the perfumed hall,
but faintl}^ describes the gorgeous scene. The
committee of arrangements were ; John W^ Ry-
land, E. AIcAfee, William K. Beans, J. C.
Travis, Andrew P. Hill, J. B. Cory, and A. E.
Haden. Alusic Hall Avas garlanded with cy-
press and holly berries and a large green
streamer was stretched across the stage bear-
ing the words: AVe greet you, one and all.'
The music was by Kauffman and Parkman,
and one feature was a schottische composed
for the occasion by Air. Kauffman and dedicat-
ed to the Young Ladies' Social Temperance
Club.

"The ladies who composed the reception
committee were : Airs. S. O. Houghton, Airs.
E. O. Smith, and Airs. Lawrence Archer. Airs.
Hou.ghton wore an elegant dress of black lace
over black silk; garniture of red roses; orna-
ments, diamonds. Airs. E. O. vSmith was
dressed in rich black satin, trimmed with os-
trich feathers ; point lace fichu ; ornaments,
diamonds. Airs. Archer -wore a dress of black
silk brocade ; corsage boucpiet of red roses ;
ornaments, diamonds.

"The gentlemen who got up the ball were :
Alessrs. H. J. Alexander, Henry B. Alvord.
George Avery, G. Anderson, W. W. Blanch-
ard, W^ K. Beans, A. L. Barker, Nick Bow-
den, Frank P. Bull, Da\e Bryant, J. B(Toksin,
W. E. Coombs, Dr. Bruce Clow, C. Colombet,
Louis Colombet, Ed. Cla_\'ton, A. A\'. Coombs,
C. Chapman, F. Co}-kendall, R. Coykendall,
FI. F. Dusing, Ernest Dawson, Ed Enright,

100

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

C. Flickinger, W. Finch, W. T- Fosgate, L.
F. Graham, Will George, A. "E. Haden, C.
J. Heyler, J. B. Holly, W. B. Hobson, Thad
Hobson, A. P. Hill, M. C. Hall, S. O. Hough-
ton, D. Hanna, L. Hartman, H. Hart, A. C.
Ingalsby, Ed Jobson, Stanley Kelly, L. F.
Kullak, John Cahill, M. Loryea, Andrew Len-
drum, W. W. Leghorn, Dr. F. K. Ledyard,
John McMahon, Charles Moody, C. J. Mar-
tin, J. H. Maddox, John McCauley, A. McAfee,
Louis Montgomery, Howell Moore, W. S. Mc-
Murtry, L. G. Nesmith, W. S. Osterman, J. B.
O'Brien, S. Oberdeener, A. Price, F. Ffister,
R. Pierce, J. H. Pierce, Sam Rucker, John
Ryland, F. K. Ryland, J. R. Ryland, Ed Sned-
aker, Dr. W. Simpson, Fred Stern, Ed. Snell,
Sam E. Smith, W. Selby, S. Stone, John TuUy,
A. B. McNeil, J. C. Travis, F. W. Thompson,
H. P. Thayer, A. K. Whitton, Henry Willey,
• Charles Williams, H. Ward Wright, j. Wheel-
er, C. A. Youngberg, E. D. Young, Ed Young-
er, R. Smith, and F. Zuver.

"About fifteen years ago the beautiful Hotel
Vendome was opened with a ball in which
the cream of San Jose and San Francisco so-
ciety gathered and celebrated. The commit-
tee included Dr.' W. S. Thorne, Hon. F. E.
Spencer, Hon. B. D. iMurphy, Charles M.
Shortridge, E. W. Clayton, A. K. Whitton,
E. W. Newhall, Dr. A. H. Voorhies, and A.
C. Bassett. The floor committee had as mem-
bers, E. C. Flagg, W. S. Clayton, R. B. Spence,
James T. Rucker, James D. Phelan and Capt.
Burdick.

"A large and brilliant party was given by
Hon. and Mrs. B. D. Murphy to introduce
their daugher. Miss Mary, now Mrs. Ward
Wright, into society. The interior of the
Murphy home on South Third street was
decorated with the rarest of flowers, inter-
mingled with ribbons and smilax. The guests
included all the young society people here
and many from San Francisco.

Distinguished Visitors

"Among the notable social functions that
have taken place here was the reception on
the evening of May 13, 1901, in honor of Pre-
sident and Mrs. William McKinley and the
members of the Cabinet. The Vendome
Hotel never looked grander than in its decora-
tion of banners, bunting flags, and electric
lights on the exterior, and blossoms, shrubs,
and palms, in the interior. The reception
committee was composed of Hon. Charles J.
Martin, mayor of this city, Hon. William G.
Lorigan, Jackson Hatch, Hon. A. L. Rhodes,
Dr. H. C. Brown, Hon. M. H. Hyland, S. F.
Leib, O. A. Hale, James D. Miner, J. H.
Henry, Major William G. Hawley, Dr. J. W.
Davy, Hon. Delos C. Druffle, W. C. Andrews,

Ernest Lion, William A. Beasley, Alfred Hol-
man, H. R. Chesbro, Charles W. Williams,
J. O. Hayes, David Henderson, Mrs. Charles
Martin, Mrs. Adolph Greeninger, Mrs. Jack-
son Hatch, Mrs. D. Goodsell, Mrs. Henry
Lion, Mrs. A. FI. Jarman, Mrs. S. F. Leib,
Mrs. J. R. Carroll, Mrs. Nicholas Bowden,
Mrs. W. P. Dougherty, Mrs. George M. Bow-
man, Miss Belle Mackenzie, Mrs. H. S. Foote,
Mrs. Nellie G. Arques, Miss Winifred Mc-
I^aughlin, Mrs. Ralph Hersey, Mrs. Henry
Booksin, Sr., Mrs. A. H. Marten, Miss Es-
telle Lion, and Mrs. R. Hersey. The recep-
tion was held in the south parlors. Secretary
Hays acted as the representative of the Pre-
sident, so unexpectedly absent on account of
the illness of Mrs. McKinley, and he was as-
sisted by Postmaster-General Smith and Sec-
retaries Long, Hitchcock, and Wilson.

"Another social event was when Governor
Nash of Ohio and the Congressional party of
the same state were entertained on the twelfth,
thirteenth, and fourteenth of May, 1901. First
was given an Italian breakfast by E. E. Good-
rich at his famous Quito Olive Ranch, when
among the Santa Clara gentlemen present
were: F. C. Ensign, C. M. Wooster, W. S.
Clavton, Hon. M. H. Hyand, J. R. Lewis, E.
McGuiness, Rev. H. Melville Tenney, Chief of
Police James Kidward, and F. W. Crandall ;
later at an informal reception at the Court
House, when upwards of eight hundred
people called to bid the distinguished guests
welcome ; and lastly at a dinner to the Gover-
nor and party by Rlr. and Mrs. S. F. Leib at
their home on the Alameda.

"It has been the proud privilege of San
Joseans at different times to welcome within
the gates of their city the Chief Executives of
the nation, among them being Hayes, Grant,
Harrison, McKinley, and Roosevelt. The
last named President visited this valley on
May 12, 1903. It was an ideal spring day;
the weather warm and clear ; the flowers, the
fields, and the orchards looked their loveliest.
Multitudes gathered to see and greet their
Chief, who made several stops within the
boundaries of the county, and at each place re-
ceived a generous California welcome. The
first was at Gilroy, where he made a short
address, and the next was at San Jose. After
addressing the thousands of men, women, and
children assembled around the platform which
had been erected for the occasiou, and fitting-
ly decorated with bunting, palms and flowers,
he went for a drive, accompanied by a mount-
ed escort of citizens, who included Clem R.
Arques, Ralph W. Hersey, Sheriff R. J. Lang-
ford, J. D. Radford, M. E. Dailey, Leo Archer,
Colonel A. K. Whitton, Thomas McGeog-
hegan, R. R. Syer, Arthur Langford, J. W.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

101

Gilkyson, W. S. Clayton, Joseph H. Rucker,
William A. Bowden, C. H. Geldcrt, Henry
Lion, and C. T. Crothers. Besides these there
were a large number of carriages containing
the members of the President's part)^ the
reception committee, and the newspaper re-
presentatives. The route was along the beau-
tiful and well kept roads, and many were the
pleasing- incidents that occurred to heighten
the pleasure of the distinguished guest. On
Santa Clara Street the ruler of the United
States halted to greet the pupils of Notre
Dame College, who were stationed on the
sidewalk, and to accept a bunch of magnifi-
cent rosebuds presented on behalf of the
school by one of San Jose's prettiest girls,
jMiss Bertrand Cauhape, daughter of Mr. and
Mrs. Victor Cauhape. After passing along the
famed Alameda, he was warmly greeted in
Santa Clara by Rev. Robert E. Kenna, presi-
dent of Santa Clara College, who with the
faculty and students of this historic seat of
learning, had gathered in front of the grand
old mission cross, while hundreds of school
children were congregated near by.

"The Committee that so successfully plan-
ned and carried out the program which made
the sojourn of the President so pleasant in-
cluded : Judge A. L. Rhodes, A. Greeninger,

Major C. P. Braslan, James R. Lowe, J. vS.
Gage, C. W. Coe, J. W. Davy, H. Morton, J.
E. Richards, A. H. Marten, Dr. Wm. Simp-
son, L Loeb, H. Center, Geo. W. Ryder, R. P.
Keesling, S. Sampson, W. L. Woodrow, C. J.
Cornell, T. A. Carroll, Gus Lion, John
O'Keefe, L. E. Bontz, J. C. Hall, W. S. Rich-
ards, H. J. Edwards, G. Peirano, yS. N. Rucker,
Rev. H. C. Meredith, T. S. Montgomery, John
Corrotto, Frank Stock, J. A. Chase, Father
Gleason, A. P. Lepesh, W. E. Graham, Paul
Masson, George B. McKee, D. J. Gairaud, ].
R. Welch, T. J. Stone, J. A. Belloh, Sr., DV.
A. M. Barker, Colonel Philo Hersey, T. J.
Riley, H. Doerr, Jackson Hatch, W. C. An-
drews, Sam Boring, A. S. Bacon, W. H. Jen-
kines, W. G. Alexander, E. J. Bennett, S. B.
Hunkins, J. E. Brooke, George Keffel, A. E.
Shumate, Edgar Pomeroy, W. P. Lyon, A. C.
Hubbard, J. H. Henrv, Avery Porter, Dr. H.
J. B. Wright, J. H. Campbell, H. Peckham,
Patrick Murray, L T- Cherrie, George N. Her-
bert, Charles Kenyon, T. C. Barnett, T. W.
Hobson, F. W. Moore, and J. R. Patton. The
next da}r the presidential party was given a
right royal greeting by President David Starr
Jordan at the Leland Stanford Jr. University,
and by the students and residents of Palo Alto
and Mayfield."

CHAPTER VII.

Passing of the Old Landmarks of San Jose — The Fair Grounds, Live Oak
Park and Prevost's Gardens — Stories of the Old Court House and the
County Jail — Crimes and Tragedies of Those Days — Naglee, Hensley
and Belden Residences.

The old landmarks of San Jose are fast dis-
appearing. There are few, very few, of the old
adobe houses of the '50s, '60s and 70s. The
old pleasure resorts are gone, but in their
places are spots better adapted to the large
and rapidly growing population of the twen-
tieth century. For years Agricultural Park,
or the Fair Grounds, furnished entertainment
for the farmer and the lover of speed perform-
ance. It was here that General Grant, after
his trip around the world, was treated to a
running race against time by Occident, then
the property of Senator Leland Stanford. The
park was owned and managed by an agricul-
tural society organized in 1854. The first of-
ficers were: L. H. Bascom, president; J. F.
Kennedy, vice-president; E. P. Reed, record-
ing secretary; W. S. Letcher, corresponding
secretary; F. G. Appleton, treasurer; and J.

B. Allen, ]\Ir. Frost, James Houston, Joseph
Aram, \^^ R. Bassham, Dr. Langborne and
Samuel Robinson, managers. No fair w'as
held by this society, Ijut in 1856 the State Ag-
ricultural Fair gave an exhibition, at which
Santa Clara County carried off the honors.
Prior to establishing the Agricultural Society
a horticultural societ}^ had been formed and
the two interests were united in 1857 with the
election of the following oflicers : president,
William Daniels : vice-presidents, Coleman
Younger and Joseph Aram ; secretary, J. C.
Cobb ; treasurer, R. G. Moody ; directors, L.
A. Gould and Louis Prevost. A fair was held
in September and also one in 1858, but the
difficulties attending these exhibitions made
it evident that they could not be continued
under the then system of management. The
society had no funds, l^ut was obliged to rely

102

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

on voluntary contril)uti(}ns for its premium
lists. After much discussion it was resolved
to disincorporate. This action was taken and
in March, 1859, there was procured the pas-
sage of an act incorporating the organization
under the name of the "Santa Clara \^alley
Agricultural Society" and from this date ran
its legitimate history. The first officers under
the charter were William Daniels, president;
Cary Peebels and Coleman Younger, vice-pre-
sidents ; C. B. Younger, secretary: R. G.
Moody, treasurer; Louis Prevost and H. H.
AVinchell, directors.

The Fair Grounds on the Alameda were
purchased from Gen. H.'M. Naglee, for $6,000
in 1859 and the work of improvement com-
menced. The tract contained seventy-six
acres. Trees were planted from 1872 to 1876
and the grand stand was erected in 1878. Now
all was serene. The society held yearly fairs,
paid expenses and the best horses on the
coast competed at each exhibition. LTp to
1880, the Society drew an annual appropria-
tion of $2,000 from the state. In this year
the Legislature passed an act dividing the
state into agricultural districts, Santa Clara
and San IMateo counties forming District No.
5. When this law went into effect it stopped
all state aids to the county society. This
aid was absolutely necessary as the proceeds
of a fair would not be sufficient to pay good
premiums and other necessary expenses.

The society did not want to change its old
organization to one under the state law, for
it might jeopardize the title to its real estate,
which had become very valuable. The only
way out of the difficulty seemed to be to or-
ganize a new society under the state law and
arrange with the old society for the use of its
grounds. This was accordingly done and for
several years fairs were held under the aus-
pices of the Santa Clara and San Mateo Agri-
cultural Association. The new society was
formed from members of the old one. But
soon fair interest waned and debts began to
accumulate. Finally the directors of the old
society sold the grounds and Agricultural
Park ceased to be. In the hands of private
parties the place was made one of the most
attractive in the county. Fences were torn
down, buildings were removed, and streets
were laid out and paved. Then l)uilding lots
were sold and today the tract shows scores
and scores of pretty l>ungalows A\'ith streets
and sidewalks in keeping with the highest
metropolitan requirements. Not a trace of
the old racing track remrLins.

Live Oak Park and Prevost's Gardens

In 1919 the last vestige of adornment of
what was once vSan Jose's most popular plea-

sure resort disappeared. The last live oak
tree in the unimproved section of old Live
Oak Park was leveled and nothing but an ar-
ray of unsightly stumps remain to show that
once upon a time great, many-branched and
spreading oaks furnished shade and beauty to
one of the pride spots of the Garden City.
Live Oak in its glory was a place of romance.
Here, on moonlit nights of the early period,
were heard the soothing strains of the Span-
ish lover as he sang and played while his
dark-eyed sweetheart raptly listened and soft-
ly sighed. Here, at picnic and dance, the
bands played and the great platform quivered
beneath the feet of happy dancers. No rag-
time, no jazz music in those times. Instead
there were the old time mazurka, varso-
vienne, schottische, waltz, lancers, money
musk and plain quadrille, the last named given
laughable variety by the go-as-you-please an-
tics of the irre])ressi1)le "Tucker."

In the late '60s and throughout the seven-
ties Live Oak was in the flower of popularity.
Familv picnics, moonlight dances, and outside
excursions, mainly from San Francisco, fur-
nished joyous divertissement for town and
country. There were tables for eating, a
large pool near the banks of the Guadalupe for
boating and other aquatic sports, ice cream
and other booths, and long, shady walks
among the giant trees and along the banks
of the peaceful arroyo. Don Antonio Sunol,
one of the early Spanish settlers, was the
owner of the park and after his death the
Sainsevains took charge of the property. One
of Don Antonio's grandsons is Paul Sainse-
vain, the -well-known surveyor and civil en-
gineer.

The park, as originally used, extended on
the north side from the Park Avenue bridge
to Spencer Avenue and along Spencer Avenue,
fifty varas deep to within 137^/2 feet of San
Carlos Street. On the east the property ran
southerly about 300 feet. The creek was the
eastern boundary and south and east of the
park were the extensive grounds of Louis Pre-
A'ost. He was an enthusiastic gardener and
to make his place the most attractive spot in
the suburbs of San Jose, he imported from
Europe the choicest flowers, iDushes and fruit
and ornamental trees. The place was known
as Prevost's Gardens and was open to the pub-
lic, while for years Prevost kept open house
in the large mansion in the middle of the gar-
dens. About forty years ago Prevost went
into l)ankruptcy and his property was sold by
the Sheriff, Robert Page, then of the real es-
tate firm of Rucker & Page, becoming the
owner of the mansion. A few j-ears later it
was sold to A. S. Williams, former Ijanker,
who still occupies it.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

103

Prevost lost considerable money in at-
tempting: to successfully establish a silk fac-
tory. He was the pioneer of Central Califor-
nia in this industry and while the factory was
in operation products of his looms were ex-
hibited and took prizes at the county fairs.
The factory was located on Delmas Avenue
near San Salvador Street, but the cocoons
were raised on a platform above the roof of
his mansion. The silk worms were imported
and fed on mulberry leaves. Live Oak Park
and its attractive neighbor, Prevost's Garden,
were closed at about the same time. Now,
where once live oaks flourished and choice
flowers and shrubbery made beautiful over
seven acres of ground, are seen up-to-date re-
sidences and new streets.

The old Court House is now but a memory.
It stood at the southeast corner of Second
and San Fernando Streets. It was purchased
from A. S. Caldwell for $4,000 and in Decem-
ber, 1853, was officially declared to be the
County Court House. The building was af-
terwards known as the What Cheer House
and stood until about forty years ago when it
was torn down to make room for the two-
story brick building now occupied by the Geo.
B. McKee Company.

One of the sensational events of the early
days was the street duel between Thomas
Shore and S. J. Crosby. In 1858 Paul Shore
was killed on Henry W. Scale's ranch, a short
distance from Mayfield. He had squatted on
a portion of the ranch land and thereon had
erected a cabin. Thomas Scale, Henry's
brother, believing that Shore had no legal
right to occupy the land, resolved to eject him.
One day he went to Shore's cabin for the
purpose of carrying out his resolve. He was
accompanied by Alexander Robb, a hired man.
Shore was at home and a wordy dispute arose
between the two men. While it was going on
S. J. Crosby, a neighbor, and a friend of Scale,
came up. He had borrowed a pistol from
Scale some time before and had hunted up
Scale, so he said, for the purpose jf returning
the weapon. Scale took the pistol and in the
altercation that ensued Shore was shot and
mortally wounded. The report was after-
ward circulated that Crosby, who had wit-
nessed the shooting, had set Scale's dog on the
wounded man and had stood by urging the
dog on until Shore had ceased to breathe.
This report aroused a bitter feeling against
Crosby. That evening Thomas Scale came to
San Jose and delivered himself into the custody
of Sheriff John M. Murphy, stating that he
had killed a man in self-defense and desired a
public investigation. The next day word
came from Mayfield that the settlers were lay-
ing plans to lynch Crosby. To prevent such

action Under-Sheriff John R. Wilson was in-
structed to go down to Mayfield, arrest Cros- '
by and bring him to the County Jail. To le-
galize the proceeding a complaint charging
Crosby with being an accessory to the killing
of Shore was made out and placed in Wilson's
hand. The arrest was easily made. A prelim-
inary examination followed and Crosby was
discharged.

In March, 1859, Thomas Scale and Robb,
the hired man, were placed on trial in the
Third District Court, Judge Sam Bell McKee
presiding. J. A. Moultrie, as district attorney,
conducted the prosecution and AVilliam T.
Wallace and C. T. Ryland appeared for the
defendants. Crosby had been summoned as a
witness and it was while the case was before
the Court on Second Street, corner of San Fer-
nando, that the second' tragedy was staged.
It was near the noon hour and Crosby was
walking by Thomas Bodley's stable on San
Fernando Street, between First and Second,
when he was hailed from behind by Thomas
Shore, the brother of Paul. Crosby turned
and the duel opened. At the opening of the
engagement Crosby received a mortal wound,
but for a few minutes was able to keep on his
feet and use his pistol. His firing was wild
and none of the bullets reached his adversary.
But one man, an innocent party, received his
death wound. The man was L. Posey Fer-
guson, a miner from Grass Valley, who had
come to San Jose with a friend who was on
his way to his Missouri home. Ferguson had
entered the court room to listen to the pro-
ceedings. When the duel outside opened, he
said: "What does that mean?" and rushed
for the door. He was standing on the steps
when a bullet entered his breast. He stepped
back a few paces, then sank on a bench and
died in a short time. The coroner's jury found
that the shot had been fired by Samuel J.
Crosby.

When Crosby saw that he %vas at a disad-
vantage, he staggered toward the Court
House, but fell at Bodley's gate. It was '
claimed at the time that two or three persons,
as well as Shore, shot at Crosb)^, who was on
his knees, trying to cock his pistol, when there
came the bullet that ended his life. The duel
over, Thomas Shore mounted a horse and fled
to the mountains. He was never prosecuted
for the killing. The cases of Scale and Robb
were transferred to Alameda. In each case a
verdict of acquittal was rendered.

Another old landmark that has disappeared
was the county jail, located at the southeast
corner of Third and San Fernando Streets,
not far from the Court House. The first
county jail was located on the lot occupied by
the old State House on Market Street, fronting

104

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

the Plaza, and was erected in the da3's of '49.
In 1854 a contract was awarded to Marcus
AVilliams for the erection of a jail buildino^ at
the southeast corner of Second and San Fer-
nando Streets. The price was to be $15,000
and R. B. Buckner was appointed to superin-
tend the construction. The jail was complet-
ed Januar}' 2, 1855. It was of brick, with iron
cells, and was considered a remarkably secure
place for the confinement of prisoners. It was
used until 1871. When the new Court House
on First Street, near St. James, was built, it
was found necessary to have the county jail
nearer to the court rooms and Levi Goodrich
was directed to prepare plans and specifica-
tions. The plans were submitted and adopted
and during the next )-ear ( 1870) the jail was
completed and in use. The brick of the old
jail was used in the new building. The old
jail lot was sold for $5,850.

The killing of Jailer Martin Roohan at the
old jail was preceded by a tragedy at the
adobe house of Harry Bee. The date Avas
Mondaj', July 30, I860, at about four o'clock
in the morning. There had been a night of
festivity and during the merrymaking Felipe
Hernandez, a desperate character, who had
already been tried for one murder and though
convicted by one jury was on a second trial
found not guilty, entered and proceeded to
make trouble. In a dispute over the owner-
ship of a guitar, Hernandez shot and killed
John Bee, the son of the host. On hearing
the report of a pistol Harry Bee rushed into
the room and in tr3dng to intercept the flight
of Hernandez was shot in the leg. Amputa-
tion was afterward performed. Hernandez es-
caped, but after srnne months was captured,
tried and sentenced to death. The account of
the murder of Roohan is taken from the
Mercury of October 2, 1862.

"Felipe Hernandez, a prison confined in the
count}' jail for murder and sentenced to be
hanged on Friday last (Oct. 24th), performed
on the preceding evening one of the most dar-
" ing deeds of desperation that it Tias ever fallen
to our lot to reciird. Felipe is a native Mexi-
can, about thirty years of age, rather fine look-
ing, with a keen, piercing eye. He is about
five feet eight inches in height, weighing not
more than 150 pounds, but evidently possess-
ing the strength and agility of a tiger. The
jailer, Martin J. Roohan, was a large, power-
fully built man, sixty-three years of age, pos-
sessing immense strength and cool, unflinch-
ing courage. He had had much exjjerience in
handling and managing desperadoes and had
unlimited confidence in his ability and nerve
for any emergenc}'.

"On the lower floor of the jail there are
three large cells, opening into a corridor or

hall, al^out six feet in width and perhaps thirty
feet in length. The middle cell, in which
Felipe was confined, is lined with boiler iron
and is otherwise made as secure as is deemed
necessary to restrain the hardest cases. It is
used exclusivelv for condemned prisoners or
such as are awaiting trial for capital offenses.
This cell Felipe occupied alone.

"On Friday morning (the 24th) while the
sheriff was in our office attending to some
business, his deputy, Mr. Chapman, came in
and informed him that he was unable to get
into the jail and wondered what had become
of Roohan. Suspecting that soniething was
wrong, in company with the sheriff and two
or three officers, we repaired immediately to
the jail yard and soon effected an entrance.
The outer door of the jail was closed, but not
locked. The door leading to the corridor
we found open. On passing through into the
corridor we discovered the jailer lying on the
floor, stiff in death, surrounded by all the
ghastly evidences of a terrible struggle.

"In the other cells there were a number of
prisoners confined for light offenses, some
half a dozen in each. The doors of the cells
are latticed with iron bars, and whatever is
transpiring in the corridor, may be witnessed
by the prisoners within. Roohan usually had
some one of the prisoners to assist him in
the domestic duties of the jail. At three
o'clock on Thursday afternoon, as we learn
from the testimony of the prisoners at the
coroner's inquest, the jailer and his assistant
brought in the dinner and placed it on the
floor of the corridor near the cells. It was
the custom to feed Felipe first. Mr. Roohan
unlocked the door and bade his _:ttendant to
pass in the food. The attendant passed into
the cell. Felipe, who had freed his hands in
Slime way, with the quickness of thought
dashed the man aside, sprang upon and seized
Roohan by the body, at the same time getting
possession of a knife which the jailer wore in
a lielt at his waist. Then commenced the fear-
ful death struggle, in the presence of the other
prisoners, who were unable to icnder either
party the least assistance. The waiter, who
is an iinbecile old Mexican, shrank with ter-
ror to the end of the corridor. The jailer car-
ried a revoh-er at his belt, but Felipe hugged
him so closely that he was unable to get at
it. There A'i'ere riveted upon the ankles of
the prisoner at the time immense iron
shackles, weighing one hundred pounds, and
yet the other prisoners testify, they seemed of
n(j weight to him. He had wound them with
cloth and strap]X'd them to his limbs in a
way as to be of as little inc<in\enience as pos-
silde. AA'ith a knife in one hand at libertj^ and
with the other firmly grasping the body of his

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

105

Aictim, he A\as a match for anvthiny; human.
He apphed the knife lirst to the throat of his
victim, inflicting frightful wounds. This
brought Roohan to his knees. Struggling to
his feet he put forth every eft'ort to overpower
his wily foe. But weakened by the blows al-
ready inflicted he was unequal to the task.
Felipe then stabbed him through the heart
and into the lungs, killing him instantly.
He then informed the other prisoners, not
one of whom was armed, that if they gave
any alarm they would share Roohan's "fate,
and they knew he would keep his pro-
mise. The prisoners say he appeared per-
fectly cool, both at the time of the mur-
der and afterwards. With the keys in his
possession, he now had command of the jail.
Unlocking one of the cells, in which there
were five men, he thrust in the trembling-
Mexican waiter and again locked the door.
Among the prisoners in this cell was a Chileno
in irons, who had been imprisoned the day be-
fore for stabbing a man at New Alameda.
Felipe, after working half an hour, removed
the irons and released the man, and they both
together went into Roohan's private room,
where they found files and old chisels neces-
sary for their purpose. The task was a long
and arduous one. The heavy shackles spoken
of were secured to the ankles with half-inch
bolts, riveted in the most substantial manner.
The witnesses testify that it must have been
two o'clock in the morning when the filing
and hammering ceased. The desperadoes
then made their escape, taking with them two
revolvers and over $800, which Roohan was
known to have had in his possession."

Felipe was a desperate, bloody minded man.
He had been several times tried for capital
crimes ; once for the killing of Carobine at
Alviso, for which he received a sentence to
state prison for life, but was pardoned out by
Governor Weller. When sentenced to be
hanged for the murder of John Bee he mani-
fested supreme unconcern. But later he
changed his tactics, successfully playing the
penitent. The jailer frequenly found him on
his knees, praying, and it was with difficulty
that he was induced to partake of food. His
cross was alwa3'S before him and he prayed
with a perseverance that would have done cre-
dit to a saint. B}- this means he threw Roo-
han off his guard. AVhen the sherifif suggest-
ed the propriety of having some one stajr
with him on the night preceding the execu-
tion, Roohan declared that there was not the
slightest necessity for such a precaution — all
was serene and Felipe was as gentle as a kit-
ten. As soon as the facts in the case became
known to Sheriff Kennedy, every exertion to
effect the capture of the murderer was made

and a large reward Avas offered. It was after-
ward reported that Felipe escaped to Mexicf)
where he joined a party of revolutionists and
that on lieing ca|)tured he was shot and
killed.

Another escape from the old county jail
took place in 186.^. A stage-driver named
John Marr, alias "Wild Cat," had an alterca-
tion with anotjier driver, a Frenchman named
Peter Veuve, at the Washington Hotel, on
Market Street, on the morning of Tuesday,
Novemljer 18, 1862, which resulted in the
death of 'Veuve. It appeared from the testi-
mony that an old grudge had existed between
the two men. "Wild Cat" accused Veuve of
stealing money from Mr. Dutech, the stage
owner. The Frenchman denied the allegation
and threatened, on the day of the tragedy, that
he would have a "Wild Cat" skin before night.
Both men boarded at the hotel. There was
trouble at the breakfast table, but they were
prevented from doing personal violence. They
then proceeded to the stable to "fight it out."
r)n the way to the stable Veuve said to Marr,
"I am unarmed. How is it with you?" Marr
said, "No," a statement that proved to be
false, as he shortly drew a knife and cut
Veuve in the arm and the abdomen, causing
death in a few hours. Marr was arrested,
tried, convicted and sentenced to death. The
sentence was imposed in the winter of 1862-
63. Pending the carrying out of the death
penalt}' Marr was placed in a cell at the old
county jail, having as companion one Abner
vSmith, who was awaiting death by hanging
for the murder of a man named Van Cleave
at Santa Clara. Smith was a large, heavily-
built man, while Marr was small and thin. At
the time E. H. Swarthout was the jailer, suc-
ceeding Roohan, and when he assumed office
a change was made in the jail arrangements.
Instead of entering the murderers' cell by
way of the door, he had a hole cut in. It was
about waist high, had a cover, and this cover
was kept closed and locked when not in use.
The cells were in a long tank with a corridor
around it. The corridor had only one en-
trance and that was by a door ooening into
the jailer's office. One evening a short time
before supper "Wild Cat" and Smith, who had
been planning to escape, made read}^ to put
their plans into execution. The lock of the
cover was broken, and "Wild Cat," assisted by
Smith, managed to get through the hole into
the corridor. Then Smith tried to follow
"Wild Cat's" example, but on account of his
size was compelled to give up the attempt.
He could insert his head and one shoulder,
but his physical bulk prevented further pro-
gress. "It's no use," he groaned, "I can't
make it, so get j'ourself out as quick as 3rou

106

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

can and I'll stay here and take my medicine."
"I'll have to, I reckon," returned "Wild Cat,"
"but I'm sorry to leave you. If I only had an
hour in which to work, I could make that
hole big enough to get you through." As he
had onh' five minutes at his disposal he bade
good-bye to Smith, closed the aperture and
sought concealment at the further end of the
tank. The jailer appeared on time, careless-
ly leaving open the door of his office. "Wild
Cat" was counting on this act and before
Swarthout reached the cell door to discover
what had been done, "Wild Cat" had slipped
around the corner and gained the office.
When the jailer found that "Wild Cat" had es-
caped from the cell, he hurried to the office
and out of the office into the street. The fugi-
tive was not in sight. That night a search of
the city was made by city and comity officers,
but no trace of the missing prisoner could be
found. On April 2, 1863, "Wild Cat" was ar-
rested in Stockton and brought back to San
Jose. But he was never hanged. A petition
for a new trial on the ground of newly discov-
ered evidence was granted and eventually the
sentence was changed from death to impris-
onment for life. Ten years later the Governor
issued a pardon and "Wild Cat" returned to
San Jose. He died here many years ago.
Smith, for his crime, died on the gallows.

The last escape from the old jail occurred
on the morning of February 15th, 1866, and
was followed by a tragedy. Two Indians,
under arrest for a murder committed in Santa
Cruz County, overpowered W. H. Hendricks,
the jailer, and after a desperate struggle suc-
ceeded in obtaining the jailer's pistol. They
then ran out of the jail and into Third Street.
Hendricks cjuickly secured anothti pistol and
fpllowed in pursuit. He came up with one of
the fugitives before he had gone a block and
fired, wounding his man. A return shot
pierced Hendricks' brain killing him instantly.
The murderer ran along 1'hird Street and con-
cealed himself under an unfinished building,
A crowd gathered around and a fusillade of
shots were fired at the crouching murderer.
He was soon dispatched. The .partner of his
crime and flight was afterward caught and
hanged at Santa Cruz, May 21, 1866.

The killing of William Cooper brought for
a short time to the old county jail a man
\vhose act created one of the great sensations
of San Jiise. The stor}- f)f the killing hinged
upon the actions of a girl in her teens. In
the late si.xtics Hlanche I.)ul)nis was a student
at the San Jose Institute. She \vas a very
pretty girl, tall, dark, slender and graceful,
Avith languishing eyes and a sunny smile. She
had many admirers and there was hardlv a

day when she was attending school that she
was not seen walking with one or more of
them. After she left school for her father's
ranch on the Monterey Road near the ceme-
tery male callers reached such numbers that
Orrin Dubois, the father, grew irritable and
suspicious. At last the girl's admirers sim-
mered down to one young man, William
Cooper, an Englishman. He was about twen-
tv-five years of age, well-educated and of
pleasing address. He had been a Union sol-
dier and had in his possession his discharge
papers. He had resided in San Jose for about
six months and being short of money had
worked at odd times for Dubois, his last en-
gagement ending January 24, 1868. The evi-
dence showed that during the last two weeks
of his stay at the Dubois ranch he had induced
Blanche to consent to an elopement, promis-
ing to take her to New York and marry her,
as under the laws of California he could not
do so here without the consent of her parents.
It was claimed that the grandfather of the
girl was a party to the secret arrangement
and carried messages from one to the other.

On Monday afternoon, January 27, Cooper
called on Dr. Kline, an acquaintance, made a
confident of him, said he expected trouble,
as Dubois did not like him, and requested the
loan of the Doctor's revolver. Kline refused
to lend the weapon, but Cooper succeeded in
borrowing a Derringer of Wesley Stevens,
another acquaintance. In the meantime, Dr.
Kline, from a sense of duty, communicated his
knowledge to Police Officer Mitch Bellow and
advised him to keep a watch on departing
trains. Bellow immediately notified Dul)ois,
and Blanche, under severe cross-questioning,
admitted that Cooper was to come to the
ranch house on a certain night, after the old
folks were in bed and asleep, meet her and
then proceed to carry out the arrangements
for the elopement. She also said that she had
agreed to leave the front door partly open and
also that she had promised to gather all the
money and jewelry she could lay hands on.
Thus forewarned, Dul)ois watched for the in-
truder the great part of Tuesday night. On
AVednesday he came to town for the purpose
of taking advice as to what he should do un-
der the circumstances. He was a,>ised to de-
fend his ])remises, to treat Cooper as he would
treat any marauder who should tr}- to enter
his house with felonious intent. ( )n return-
ing home, Dul)ois ordered Blanche to keep to
her room after dark, for he intended to meet
Cooper and ha^•e it out ^vith the fellow. Night
came and the hours passed until it was close
upon midnight. The iiouse was still and Du-
l)ois at the front door, which had l)een opened
a few inches, waited, shotgun in hand, for

HISTOR^^ OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

107

Cooper to appear. His vigilance was re-
warded. At the appointed time Cooper came
lip the walk, and was about to mount the steps
to the porch when the door was thrown open
and the shotgun spoke. P>oth barrels were
discharged and as Cooper settled down to the
ground, Dubois closed and locked the door
and came out again no more that night. Both
shots had taken effect in the side and stomach.
Though mortally wounded. Cooper dragged
himself through the Dubois grounds until he
reached the home of a rancher named Reeves,
half a mile away. He died an hour later. The
next day Dubois drove to town and surren-
dered himself to the officers. Pending exam-
ination he was confined for a short time in the
old jail. The court proceeding resulted in his
discharge. Blanche married a few years after
the tragedy and left San Jose never to return.
Shortly after the killing of Cooper, another
man slayer was for a short time a cell occu-
pant at the old jail. The man slain was Harry
Love, alias "The Black Knight of the Sey-
ante." He was a man of immense frame and
of unquestionable bravery. He commanded
the company that dispersed the notorious rob-
ber band of Joaquin Murietta, the last fight on
the San Joaquin plains resulting in Murietta's
death. Love's wife was a wealthy landowner
and the family home was near Santa Clara.
For a number of years she refused to live with
her husband on account of his cruelty. He
was, so it was said, in the habit of beating
her when he could find her alone and unpro-
tected. It was partly to guard against such
attacks that she employed Christian Elverson
to work on the ranch and live in the house.
Love spent most of his time in Santa Cruz
County, leading a sort of a hermit's life and
visiting his wife occasionally. He conceived
a strong aversion to Elverson, pretending
jealousy, which was wholly groundless, for
Mrs. Love at that time was over seventy
years of age. Finally Love ordered Elverson
to leave the place, threatening to kill him if
he stayed on. Mrs. Love earnestly urged him
to stay and Elverson promised not to leave,
but prudently armed himself. On the day of
the shooting — it was in July, 1868 — Mrs. Love
went to San Jose to transact some business.
She was accompanied by Elverson. Love,
who had been staying in San Jose for a week
or so, saw them together and immediately
hurried to his wife's house and there armed
himself with a double-barreled shotgun, a re-
volver and a bowie knife. A step-daughter
and a carpenter employed in repairing the
house were the only persons at home when he
arrrived there. He went out of the house
with his weapons, locked the front gate and

took a ])osition behind the fence to await the
return of his wife and Elverson, swearing that
if I{lverson attempted to enter the premises
he would kill him. The daughter, fearing
danger to her mother, went into the road and
when the carriage approached, motioned it
back. Elverson, misinterpreting the girl's
gestures, only approached the more rapidly.
When within about seventy-five yards of the
gate. Love discharged one barrel of his gun,
a shot striking Mrs. Love. Elverson at once
comprehended the situation. Leaping from
the carriage he drew his revolver, and moved
rapidly by side steps, upon the enemy, who
was still crouched behind the fence and pro-
tected by the gate post. When Elverson had
come within a short distance of the fence.
Love discharged the other barrel of his shot
gun, a number of shots striking Elverson in
the face and causing the blood to flow freely.
But perfectly cool and undaunted. Elverson
kept on his course, exchanging shot for shot
until a bullet from Love's revolver disabled
his right arm. Shitting his pistol to his left
hand he rushed up boldly to the fence and
sent a bullet through Love's right shoulder.
Love, having exhausted his shots, immediate-
ly took to his heels, shouting "murder," with
Elverson in close pursuit. When near the
house Elverson overtook Love and felled him
with a blow from the butt end ul the pistol.
He was about to finish his work when the
carpenter interfered. Love died shortly after-
ward from the effects of an amputation of the
shattered arm. Elverson was arrested, and
confined in the old jail pending the prelimin-
ary examination. At this proceeding the
judge found that the killing was justifiable
and Elverson was discharged.

Old ResidSntial Landmarks

Another old and very attractive landmark
was the home place of General Henry M.
Naglee. It comprised 140 acres and extended
from Tenth Street to the Coyote on the east
and from Santa Clara Street to William Street
on the south. The house was considered in
early days to be one of the finest in San Jose.
It occupied a position near the centre of the
grounds and was surrounded by choice flow-
ers, shrubbery and ornamental trees. It is
still standing at the northwest corner of Four-
teenth and San Fernando Streets. There was
a perfect forest of trees on that part of the
grounds not devoted to the culture of grapes.
From these grapes brandy was made and the
fame of Naglee's brandy was world wide. The
General was a veteran of the Civil War. He
commanded a brigade under McClellan, and
served with gallantry and ability throughout

108

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

the Peninsular Campaign. He resigned from
the army shortly after McClellan's removal,
because he held that his chief had been unjust-
ly treated. When the avenue was extended
from the Santa Clara Street bridge through
East San Jose to the junction with the Mt.
Hamilton road, General Naglee planted pine
trees on both sides of the avenue for its en-
tire distance and otherwise greatly assisted in
the improvement of the roadway. In honor
of his services the extension of the avenue was
called for many years Naglee Avenue. Some
j'ears after his death, the heirs concluded to
cut up and sell the property. The business
was placed in the hands of Thomas S. Mont-
gomery, now president of the Garden Cit}'
Bank and Trust Company, and in 1907 the
work was started. Toda}^ the immense tract
of land is covered with pretty and costly bun-
galows, paved streets and sidewalks and love-
ly gardens, making it one of the finest resi-
dence spots in Central California.

Still another old landmark was the Hensley
property, on North First Street. It extended
from the Southern Pacific tracks to Empire
street on the north and from First to Fourth
on the east. The house was large, roomy
and built in the old southern st3de, while the
ornamentation of the grounds made the place

one of the beauty spots in San Jose. Major
Hensley was a '49er and died in 1865, highly
respected for his integrity and public-spirited-
ness. In 1886 the old home was removed
and the estate subdivided and placed on
the market, T. S. Montgomery handling the
sales. Today there are new streets and hand-
some residences' where once was one large
garden and a touch of the primitive.

In 1887 the old homestead property of
Tosiah Belden on First Street near Empire
was purchased by the Hotel Vendome com-
pany. This sale marked the passing of anoth-
er old landmark. The property comprised
eleven acres and was planted as a park. The
house, or mansion, was one of the few costly
edifices erected in the early fifties. Josiah
Belden was a '49er and long before the sale to
the Vendome company he went east with his
family, became a New York banker and died
a multi-millionaire. The Belden property,
then owned bv C. H. Maddox, was sold for
$60,000, and a' hotel building, costly $250,000
was speedily erected. The original board of
directors of the Vendome companjr were J- B.
Randal, W. S. Thorne, J. S. Potts, L. Lion,
C. W. Breyfogle, A. McDonald, T. S. Mont-
gomery, F. H. Mabury, and G. Lion.

CHAPTER VIII.

Newspapers in the Early Days — J. J. Owens' Sad Experience — Chas. M.
Shortridge — E. A. and J. O. Hayes — W. Frank Stewart — Mark Twain's
Lecture — The Rise of H. C. Hansbrough — Edwin Markham's Venture —
Alex P. Murgotten — H. A. De Lacy — The Peril of Major Foote — Elliott
the Adventurer — Kelly and the Grizzly

Since the early days San Jose has had many
newspapers ; each started to fill "a long-felt
want," and each in its honest, able way, carr}'-
ing out, as far as was possible, the laudable
resolve. In 1850 Avas published the State
Journal. The proprietor was James B. Devoe
and it was discontinued on the adjournment
of the legislature in 1851. In January, 1857,
came the San Jose Daily Argus. It lasted dur-
ing the senatorial campaign and was used to
promote tlie candidacy of John C. Fremont.

The first permanent newspaper of the city
A\-as the San Jose Weekly Visitor. It was
started June 20, 1851, by Emerson, Damon
and Jones. At first it was Whig, but went
over to the Democracy in October. In Au-
gust, 1852, its name was changed to the Reg-

ister and was pulilished l^y Givins George and
T. C. Enierson with F. B, Murdoch as editor.
In 185,^ Murdoch obtained control of the paper
and the name was again changed to the San
Jose Telegraph. In 1860 the Telegraph went
into the hands of W. N. Slocum, brother of
Gen. H. AA'. Slocum, who commanded one
wing of Sherman's army during the march
"from Atlanta to the Sea." In 1861 another
change of name was made when the paper
passed into the hands of ]. J. Owen and B. H.
Cottle.

The Daily Mercury was started in connec-
tion with the weekly paper of that name, but
was discontinued in 1862. In 1869 J. J. Con-
ni}', who had come down from Shasta County,
was admitted into the firm and in August of

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

109

that year the puVilication of the daily was re-
sumed. Mr. Conniy retired from the firm this
year. In 1871 Cottle sold out his interest to
Owen. In IS72, Owen, having purchased the
Daily Guide, again resumed the publication of
the Daily Mercury in connection with the
weekly. Soon after Cottle bought a half in-
terest in both papers, but again sold to Owen
in 1874. In 1877 it was incorporated under
the style of the Mercury Printing and Pub-
lishing Company, Mr. Owen holding the ma-
jority'of the stock. In 1884 he sold his inter-
est to Charles M. Shortridge, proprietor of the
Daily Times and the name of the paper was
changed to the Times-Mercury. In 1885 F. A.
Tavlor entered into negotiations for the pur-
chase of the paper, but the sale was not con-
summated. In the meantime the name was
changed back to the Daily Mercury. At this
time it absorbed the Daily Republic. In 1878
Shortridge sold his interest to a local syndi-
cate, with Clarence M. Wooster as manager.
Soon afterward the paper became the prop-
erty of Alfred Holman, present editor of the
San Francisco Argonaut, and after two years
of ownership Holman sold to E. A. and J. O.
Hayes, who have since controlled the paper.

J. J. Owen was one of the striking figures
in San Jose journalism. He was a man among
men, generous, broad-minded and scrupulous-
ly honest. His editorials were never long nor
labored, but each went to the root of the cho-
sen subject in such a graceful, charming way
as to make the editorial column one always to
be eagerly read. He was a poet as well asa
prose writer and in his poems his gentle phil-
osophy found adequate expression. As a writer
of pertinent paragraphs and sermonettes he
was unsurpassed in his day and a volume of
tabloid essays published in the seventies found
ready sale. ' Copies may still be found in the
libraries of old-time residents.

In Owen's time the "intelligent compositor"
was conspicuously in evidence. That he sur-
vived the imprecations showered upon his
"devoted head" must be accounted for by the
fact that his head was hard though his sense
of humor was keen. Once Owen, coming in
contact with the "I. C," had a rush of blood to
the head that in the case of a man afflicted
with hardening of the arteries would have
caused the formation of a blood clot in his
brain and consequent paralysis. The instance
which will be here recorded had its incep-
tion during the legislative career of the
veteran editor. It was about fifty years
ao-o that Owen was elected a member of
the California Assembly. Nearly all the
time of the session was taken up in the
consideration of a prison jute mill scan-
dal, the board of managers having been

charged with all sorts of crookedness in the
management of the mill. Owen presented the
bill calling fcir an investigation and after its
adoption a committee was appointed to hear
the evidence and make a report. During the
debate Owen's speaking talent was ably and
courageously displayed. He was among the
foremost in denouncing the managers and
when the committee, at the end of the session,
handed in a report whitewashing the accused
officials, Owen's indignation knew no bounds.
He was at white heat over what he termed
was a travesty of justice when he returned to
his editorial duties in San Jose. Almost his
first act on reaching his desk was to write an
editorial on the jute mill scandal in which he
expressed in forcible language his opinion of
the legislators who had given the prison man-
agers a clean bill of moral health. The article
was headed "There is no balm in Gilead."

After writing the editorial Owen went home,
leaving the proof reading in the hands of the
foreman of the composing room. Next morn-
ing he picked up a copy of his paper and pre-
pared to read what cold type had ma,de of his
caustic criticism. The first glance at his mas-
terpiece sent the blood to his head and made
him rise up on his hind legs and howl, for
the heading was not "There is no balm in
Gilead," but "There is no barn in Gilroy."

As far as the historian can remember Owen
had but one scrap with an outsider. In the
earl}^ days personalities were largely indulged
in. When an oflrending head stuck up the rule
was to hit it. Perhaps the dearth of local
news was the cause of editorial bellicoseness,
but it was not often that a person assailed by
a newspaper editor would adopt drastic meth-
ods in dealing with his assailant. But once in
a while the victim of an editor's attack would
attempt retaliation by means of personal en-
counter. Some time in the '70s Owen assailed
Montgomery Maze, since deceased. Maze was
a searcher of records and his assistant was
Mitch Phillips, the capitalist, who died in
1918. Maze, who was stockily built and very
pugnacious, met Owen at the northwest cor-
ner of Santa Clara and Market streets. They
did not pass the time of day but they did pass
the lie and then Maze sailed in to make mince
meat out of the veteran editor. Owen's cane
parried the initial blow and Maze stopped sur-
prised but not daunted. He made another
rush and landed on Owen's nose. Encouraged
by his success he tried a left hander, missed
the mark and allowed the cane to accomplish
its head-aching work. From that time on it
was cane and fist, the cane doing the gfreater
punishment. Bystanders interfered when the
fight was at its hottest. Both combatants

110

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

were good sports and friendly relations were
soon established.

\Vhile Charles M. Shortridge was publish-
ing the Daily Times, a report of the proceed-
ings of a Democratic County Convention made
slurring reference to the speech of one of the
candidates for office. The candidate was a
Kentuckian Avho possessed a fiery dsposition.
The report made him see red. He hastened to
the Thues office and found Shortridge alone.
With the words, 'T am going to punch your
head," he made a mad bull rush. The first
blow tumbled Shortridge from the high stool
on which he had been sitting. In attempting
to pursue his advantage the Kentuckian got
tangled up in the rounds of the stool and while
he was trying to extricate his long legs Short-
ridge arose and began to use his fists. -'V
rough and tumble fight ensued. There was one
chair in the room and during the struggle it
was wrecked as was also the stool. Some-
times the Kentuckian would have the advan-
tage, sometimes the advantage would be with
Shortridge. They fought all over the room
and at l^ist stopped from exhaustion. As they
lay panting on the floor, with bleeding faces
and half-closed eyes, a printer looked in. He
gazed in surprise at the wreck and the pros-
trate fighters and then said, "An earthquake?
Strange I didn't feel it when I was outside."
"It wasn't an earthquake," grunted Short-
ridge, "It was a Kentucky cyclone." The fight
did^n'ot settle the dift'erences between the two
men. The feud remained though there were
no further warlike demonstrations.

After a few vears as collector Charles M.
Shortridge went into the real estate business.
After a time he succeeded in obtaining suffi-
cient financial backing to enable him to pur-
chase the Dailv Times, paying $5,500 for busi-
ness and plant.' This was in 1883 when he was
twenty-seven years old. He was, in truth, the
architect of his own fortunes. Srion after he
came to California he hired out to the San
Jose Gas Company as a lamplighter so as to
obtain money to carr}' him through the puldic
schools. Having graduated with honor he se-
cured a position on the Mercury as errand jjoy
to lie advanced soon to the position of col-
lector. In 1884 he secured control of the stock
of the Mercury Printing and Publishing Com-
pany and in less than two years from the day
he walked out of the office a poor boy, he
walked back as a proprietor. He combined
the Times and Mercury and proceeded to
make the new journal twice as good as either
of them Avas beftjre. In the early '''Us he l>e-
canie the lessee and manager of the San Fran-
cisco Call, a ])ositii>n he retained for several
years, i Afterward he studied law, opened an

office in San Jose, combining this profession
with that of newspaper proprietor, having res-
urrected the Daily Times. He gave up pub-
lishing after an unfortunate experience of a
vear or so to give his whole attention to the
law. He was engaged in the practice of his
profession in Oakland when he died a few
3^ears ago.

The semi-weekly Tribune was issued by
Givins George July 4, 1854. In 1855 it was
puldished b}'" George & Kendall and in 1859 it
was sold to George O'Daugherty. In 1862 it
was suppressed for eight months by order of
General Wright. In 1863 it was purchased by
F. P>. Murdoch, who changed the name to the
Patriot. The paper was a weekly. In 1865
Murdock commenced the publication of the
Daily Patriot. In 1875 he sold out to S. J.
Hinds and J. G. Murdock. In 1876 it was pur-
chased by the ]\Iurphys and the name changed
to the San Jose Daily Herald. In 1878 it pur-
chased and absorbed the San Jose .A.rgus. In
October, I884, the Herald was bought by a
joint stock company. H. H. Main was presi-
dent, W. C. Morrow, secretary, and J. F.
Thompson, treasurer. Main and Thompson
are dead. ^Morrow is a resident of San Fran-
cisco engaged in literary work. As a teacher
of the art of short stor}' writing he has ac-
quired a national reputation. While engaged
in newspaper work he wrote several high-
class novels and many charming short stories.
He has a keen, analytical mind and his style
has the clearness and finish of a master crafts-
man. He was and is a literary artist, and
mithing ever leaves his hands that is not pure
English, charmingly expressed. After he left
vSan Jose, the Herald was conducted by Main
and Thompson until it was sold to Charles M.
Shortridge. In 1900 the i)aper was purchased
by E. A. and J. O. Hayes and publication was
continued until it was absorbed by the San
Jose IMercury. The name of the Mercury was
then changed to the Mercur)--Herald. The
FIa3'es brothers are lawyers and mine-owners
and have at Edenvale, six miles south of San
Jose, on the ]\Ii>nterey Road, one of the
costliest and handsomest residences in Cali-
fornia. The grounds cover many acres
with a wealth of flowers, shrubbery and
trees. E. A. Hayes was a member of Con-
gress for several terms, serving his dis-
trict with marked ability. J. (J. Haj-es has
ne\x-r held public office, although he has been
several times a candidate for governor. ETnder
tlie progressiAC management of the Hayes
lirothers the Alercury-Herald has attained the
largest circulation of any paper, outside of San
Francisco and Oakland, in Central California.
It has e\er worked for the best interests of the

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

11]

Gommunity and its influence has been far-
reaching and strong. E. K. Johnston is the
managing editor and his ability and business
acumen have In-en marked factors in the pa-
per's success.

The San Jose Daily Reporter came into ex-
istence in 1860. AV. Frank Stewart was the
publisher. It \\as soon changed to a weekly
and was discontinued after a few weeks' ex-
istence. Stewart was a Kentuckian and was
in Ne\ada when Mark Twain was doing repor-
torial \\cirk on the Virginia City Enterprise.
Late in 1866 Mark returned from the Ha-
waiian Islands and haxing no newspaper en-
gagement in sight, he wrote a lecture on the
islands and prepared to make a tour of the
Pacific Coast for the purpose of putting some
much-needed money in his pocket. San Jose
was selected as the place for "tr3'ing it on the
dog." When Mark landed in town he hunted
lip Stewart, avIio was then the proprietor of a
little saloon in a shaky, one-story building on
a lot on First Street near Fountain Alley.
Twain found the place and soon enlisted Stew-
art's enthusiastic cooperation. The saloon
was a popular loafing place and ]\Iark spent
much time there listening to Stewart's views
on his latest fad, "How earthquakes are pro-
duced." Stewart had a queer theory about
earthquakes and many lectures on the subject
were delivered in Music Hall while Stewart
was a resident of San Jose. In his saloon he
had an earthquake indicator of his own inven-
tion, the points of which he explained to the
Nevada humorist, much to the latter's inter-
est and amusement.

Through the good work done by Stewart
and his friends Mark was enabled to lecture
to a paying house and he left San Jose pro-
fuse in expressions of gratitude for the kind-
ness displayed by his old Nevada friend. A
few months later Mark was in Buffalo, N. Y.,
doing humorous work for the Express. Clip-
pings from his writings were made weekly by
the San Francisco Alta to be eagerly read b}^
Alark Twain's many admirers in San Jose. At
this time no one hailed the arrival of the Alta
more jovously than Frank Stewart. He was
heard frequently- to say that ^Mark was des-
tined to Ijecome one of the great Avriters of the
age. But one day there came a change.
Stewart's face grew longer and harder. His
eiyes flashed with rage and when he found
'voice to express his feelings it was to pour
forth the bitterest, most caustic and damna-
tory language that ever fell from human lips.
,Mark Twain was an ingrate, a coward and a
,cur. He was — well, he was everything an
•.honest man should not be.

The cause of Stewart's rage was an article
in the Buffalo I{xpress which said in effect
that out in San Jose, Calif(jrnia, there lived a
fellow named Stewart, who had an aged
mother on wdiom he was depending for sup-
port, and who passed as the proprietor of a
ramshackle groggery, where, between drinks,
he expatiated on earthquakes, a suljject of
which he knew little and talked much. The
article further stated that whenever a pig
came along and scratched his Ijack against the
front of the building there would ccjme a shake
that would be promptly registered and as
promptly telegraphed all over the Pacific
Coast.

When his wrath had cooled sufficiently for
him to use a pen Stewart sat down and wrote
Mark a letter, which, if it could be found and
])ublished, would prove one (jf the richest
things in American literature. He figuratively
roasted Mark alive. An answer was not ex-
]:>ected, but it came, nevertheless, in the shape
of an abject apologv^ Ste^vart, with great
gusto, read the apolog}' to his friends. Mark,
in his ktter, disclaimed any intent to slander
the philosopher and said his only idea was to
have a little harmless fun. To show that he
was sincere he asked Stewart to forward a
IxDok of the philosopher's poems, recently pub-
lished, promising to review it in a satisfactory
manner. The book was sent, a flattering re-
^'iew was given and the breach between Mark
Twain and Stewart was healed.

The Daily and AVeekly Courier was started
in 1865 by Geo. O. Tiff'any. It lasted but a few
months.

The Santa Clara Argus, as a weekly, com-
menced publication in 1866. In 1876 the Daily
.Vrgus was issued and ran until 1878, when it
was sold to the Herald. W. A. January was
the editor and proprietor of the Argus. He
^vas a Kentuckian and a gentleman of the old
school. There was not a mean bone in that
tall, slim body of his. Everybody was his
friend and when he passed away from earth,
a nonogenarian, San Jose lost a valuable citi-
zen. Before coming to San Jose he lived in
Placerville, where he was associated with Dan
C.ehvicks in the publication of the ^Mountain
Democrat. It was while he was a newspaper
publisher in San Jose that he was elected to
public office. He was a very popular official
and the Republicans after a time ceased to put
up any candidate against him. He was county
treasurer and state treasurer and in his last
^•ears tax collector of Santa Clara County and
always the same genial, courteous and faithful
servant of the public. ; ,

11.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

C. Leavitt (Britt) Yates published The Sat-
urday Advertiser from August 11, 1866 to
February 19, 1869.

The Daily Independent was started May 7,
1870 by a company of printers. It was the first
paper in San Jose to receive news by tele-
graph. In December, 1870, it was purchased
by Norman Porter, who, in turn, sold it to the
Guide in 1871.

The Daily Guide was started by Phil Stock-
ton and H.'C. Hansbrough in February, 1871.
Hansbrough sold out his interest to Stockton
that same year. Major Horace S. Foote, who
wrote "Pen Pictures from the Garden of the
World," a work that has been largely drawn
upon in the writing of this history, was the
editor of the Guide and before the Guide
started, was the editor of the Independent.
As a writer he is clever, humorous and inci-
sive and local journaHsm was the sufferer
when he dropped the pen to become the finan-
cial expert of the board of supervisors. In
January, 1872, Porter took the Guide and sold
it to J. T- Owen, who merged it into the Daily
Mercury.

The history of Henry C. Hansbrough of the
Guide is an interesting one. Before becoming
a newspaper owner he was a printer and did
his first work in the Patriot office. After a
few years' residence in San Jose he went to
San Francisco. He was a Chronicle compos-
itor until promoted to the telegraph editor's
desk. It was while he was a resident of the
Bay City that the Anti-Chinese agitation
reached a ferment. Dennis Kearney was
shouting, "the Chinese must go," and the
Mongolians and their business allies among
the whites were in a terror-stricken mood. All
the while the sentiment in the eastern and
middle western states was distinctly pro-
Chinese. To take advantage of the situation
three enterprising young men — Chester H.
Hull, city editor of the Chronicle and self-
styled "The Monumental Liar of America";
Sam Davis, the Nevada humorist and brother
of Robert H. Davis, present managing editor
of the Frank A. Munsey publications ; and
H. C. Hansbrough, resolved to procure an ed-
ucated Chinese and take him east on a lectur-
ing tour. Hull was to write the speech, Davis
was to finance the undertaking (it was re-
ported at the time that he could get $3,000
from John Mackey, the bonanza king) and
Hansbrough was to act as business manager.
But the days passed and no Chinese intelli-
gent and foxy enough to fill the bill could be
secured. At this juncture Hull, himself, of-
fered to do the lecture part by making up as a
Chinese. Whether the other partners ever se-
riously considered the offer is not known.

But there were frequent wranglings which
ended by a dissolution of copartnership. Da-
vis returned to the sage brush and Hull went
back to his desk to perpetrate another of the
hoaxes which had made him notorious
throughout the Pacific states. But Hans-
brough stuck to his guns. He enlisted the in-
terest and cooperation of Rev. Otis Gibson,
superintendent of the Methodist Mission in
San Francisco, and a Chinese interpreter in
the person of Chan Pak Kwai, was secured.
The Chinese was good-looking, as sharp as a
steel trap and had an excellent command of
the English language. He had lived for a time
in San Jose and was well known to all the
court officials. When all arrangements had
been made and Chan Pak Kwai had been
properly trained, Hansbrough and his mascot
left for the east. Lectures were delivered in
Iowa and Illinois and Chan Pak Kwai was
feted everywhere by the warm-hearted people
of the middle west. At last the interest waned
and manager and performer separated, the
Chinese to return to San Francisco and Hans-
brough "to seek fields and pastures new." In
Devil's Lake, Dakota, he established a news-
paper and after a time became postmaster and
interested himself in politics. When Dakota
was divided to become two states, Hans-
brough was chosen one of the United States
Senators for the northern division. He held
office for eighteen years.

The Daily Press was published for a few
weeks during 1882 by J. J. Conmy.

The Reporter was started by present Under-
Sheriff Hugh A. DeLacy, in April, 1872. It
lasted until August.

The California Agriculturist, Brand & Hol-
loway, proprietors, came into existence in
1871. S. H. Herring purchased it in 1874 and
after running it for a few years sold it to the
Pacific Rural Press, of San Francisco.

The Daily Evening Tribune was published
during the 1872 presidential campaign by
Clevenger & Armstrong. E. T. Sawyer was
the editor. The paper opposed Grant and
supported Greeley.

The Daily Independent Californian, pub-
lished by S. H. Herring and Ben Casey, held
the fort during the local option campaign
of 1874.

The Daily Garden City Times was started
by Edwin Markham, S. H. Herring, Perry-
man Page and E. T. Sawyer in 1874. It had
the telegraph dispatches and for a while the
future looked bright. Markham, who after-
ward became famous as the author of "The
Man With the Hoe," "Lincoln and Other
Poems," "The Shoes of Happiness," and who
is now an opulent resident of West New

HISTORY OF SANTA C[.ARA COUNTY

113

Brighton, N. Y., was a young man then, whis-
kerless and thin, black-eyed, eager and im-
petuous. Herring was the publisher of a
weekly agricultural paper and an entertaining
writer on practical subjects. Page was a
printer who had studied for the ministry. He
lent the moral support to the undertaking,
while the other partners furnished the brains —
such as they were. On the start there was no
business manager, for it had not occurred to
these innocents that an attache of that sort
was necessary for the success of a newspaper
project. The quartet fondly imagined that the
mere announcement of the publication would
be followed by such a rush of business men
to the of¥ice as would necessitate the employ-
ment of a score of clerks to attend to their re-
quirements. Besides, of what use would be a
business manager — a man to drum up adver-
tisements for immediate pecuniary needs —
when an "angel" had been secured, one whose
purse was large and whose promises were all
that could be desired. The "angel" was Ben
Casey, an elderly rancher living on the Los
Gatos road. He had one hobby and how it
ruined the prospects of the paper will pres-
ently appear.

The Garden City Times was a success from
the start. ^larkham was the literary editor
and assisted in the reporting, and his faculty
of throwing a glamor of romance over the
most trivial local subject, even though it
chanced to be the erection of a chicken coop
or the reception of a watermelon from an ad-
miring subscriber, gave such interest to the
local department that his salary was advancea
after the first week. E. T. Sawyer was the
city and managing editor and his principal du-
ties consisted m consigning to the waste bas-
ket such editorials as m his opinion were not
in keeping with the conservative policy of the
paper. These proceedings were looked upon
as high-handed by Mr. Herring and after a
week of them he threw up his job in disgust
and presented his interest in the paper to the
other partners.

About this time an advertisement of a sa-
loon was handed in and inserted. It caught
the eagle eye of Casey and there came a quick
and imperative demand for its withdrawal. A
council of w-ar was held. It was realized by
the three partners that a crisis had been
reached. To take out the advertisement
would mean that in future The Garden City
Times would not be a paper for all classes,
but one lined up on the side of temperance at
a time when the auestion was not being exten-
sively agitated. The partners were young and
full of confidence. They felt they could do
without Casey's money. So the advertise-

ment stayed and Casey went out. This action
took place on the second day of the second
week of publication. The news spread. With-
in twenty-four hours every man who had a
bill against the paper presented it with the
abrupt recjuest for immediate payment. Forced
to the wall, the partners paid out all the avail-
able cash, hoping that the worst was over.
But they were mistaken, for the next move
came from the printers. They wanted assur-
ance that they would be paid at the end of the
week or they would leave in a body. Now
optimism was followed by pessimism and the
falling in spirits alTected the tone of the paper.
Markham, instead of scurrying about town
with a smiling face, dawdled listlessly in the
editorial room and used the scissors in turn-
ing out copy. Former editorials, bracketed
"by request" at the top were reprinted, while
Page, in the composing room, resisted a strong
temptation to swear. The inevitable was ap-
proaching. Despite a favorable public opin-
ion, the promises of enthusiastic friends and
the important fact that the paper had come
into existence to fill "long felt want," there
was a conspicuous and lamentable lack of the
silvery sinews of war. After eleven days of
experience the partners stopped publication.
Then they collected all the bills due for adver-
tising, paid off the printers and walked to St.
James Park. Seated on a bench in a shady
spot they divided $27 into three equal parts,
pocketed each his share and talked of emi-
grating to the South Sea Islands.

The Daily and Weekly Advertiser was pub-
lished by B. H. Cottle from May to December,
1875. The Weekly Balance Sheet, a commer-
cial paper, was started by H. S. Foote in Feb-
ruary, 1876. It was discontinued the next
year. The California Journal of Education
was run for four weeks in 1876. George Ham-
ilton -was the publisher. The Temperance
Champion was published by A. P. Murgotten
in 1876. It was discontinued the next year.

The Pioneer, devoted to the interests of the
men of '49 and the early '50s, was started by
A. P. Murgotten in 1876. It was discontinued
in 1881. Mr. Murgotten was well fitted for the
task of placing on record the experiences of
the California pioneers. He came to the coast
in the early days and for many years lived in
Placerville, coming to San Jose in 1866 with
his brother-in-law, W^ A. January, to assist in
the publication of the Argus. He has the honor
of being the dean of the newspaper guild of
California, his experience covering fifty-five
years, beginning with "devil" and ending with
editor. He is a fluent, graceful writer, with a
clean, conscientious sense of duty. He holds
the belt as correspondent, having been the

114

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

first to represent in San Jose the following San
Francisco papers: The Alta, Examiner, Chron-
icle and Call. During the famous Normal
School investigation he sent to the Call regu-
lar reports of the proceedings of the legisla-
tive committee, his copy averaging 5,000
words daily. As the reports were taken in
long hand it will be seen that Mr. Murgotten
had use for CA'ery minute of his time. After
serving as reporter for the Argus (weekly and
daily) he started in business for himself, in
turn publishing the Temperance Champion,
The Pioneer and a paper devoted to the inter-
ests of the Elks. It was on The Pioneer that
his liest, most valuable work was done. The
paper Avas the first of its kind to be published
in the state and its great historical value was
at once recognized and appreciated. In these
later days Mr. Murgotten is liest known as a
public-spirited citizen, one alwaj'S to the fore
when projects for the betterment of social
conditions are under consideration or are on
their way to fruition.

The Heaillight, an evening dail}', was
started l)y a compau}- of printers in 1879. Its
name was afterward changed to the Record,
Ijut after a short time it retired from the field.

The Daih^ Morning Times first saw the
light in 1879. The proprietors were S. W. De
Lacy, F. B. Murdoch, j. G. Murdoch and F.
W. 'Murdoch. In January, 1880, Mr. DeLacy
became the sole proprietor. It was a success-
ful venture. Mr. DeLacy's aim was to present
a paper. Avhich in its treatment of local events,
should be equally readable and reliable ; in
general, the implacable foe of wrong, the in-
flexilde champion of right, independent at all
times and always fearless in expression of
opinion. But while success was his, he con-
ceived the idea that a daily newspaper founded
and conducted on the principles of the Times
would flourish in San Francisco. Accordingly
on September 6, 1883, he sold his paper to
C. M. Shortridge and went to San Francisco.
There in 1884 he joined forces with James H.
Barry and together they began publication of
the Daily Evening Star. After a few months
of battling against odds the Star suspended.
Mr. De Lacy shortly afterward returned an
San Jose and after a short experience in jour-
nalism went tfj Tacoma, Wash., where for
over twenty years and until his death he
served as deputy collector of customs. When
in harness he was in his element v.dien expos-
ing liical aliuses. He A\'as scrup)u]ously hon-
est, a loyal friend and a genercjus enemy. Al-
fred Cridge ^vas editorial writer for De Lacy.
He \vas a short, riily-poly sort (if man, gentle
and self-effacing. He re\'eled in hard facts
and dry statistics and his collection of clip-

pings overran his large cabinet of pigeon
lioles. Before his arrival in San Jose he had
ser\ ed the Go\ernment as a detective. Dur-
ing the Civil War he was one of the assistants
of Col. L. C. Baker, through whose agency
John Wilkes Booth, the slayer of Lincoln,
was located and killed.

The Daily Evening News was started and
did l)usiness during the campaign of 1882.
AA'. D. Haley was the editor.

In 1883 H. A. De Lacy, present under
sherift' of Santa Clara County, established the
City Item. Its name was changed in 1885 to
the Evening News, a name it still bears. Mr.
De Lacy came to California in 1862 and went
at work as an engineer at the New Almaden
mines. In 1865 he came to San Jose and was
engaged for several years in the business of
carpenter and c(jntractor. In 1870 he was ap-
pointed deputy sheriff and soon developed
great skill as a detective officer. When his
term expired he was elected constable of the
township. In 1872 he published The Reporter,
but discontinued it in order to devote all his
time to his official business. In 1874 he was
for se\eral months the lessee and manager of
the San Jose C)|)era House. In 1883 he started
the City Item and the success of the venture
was so pronounced that he took in the late
Chas. W\ \A^illiams as a partner. It was a
strong combination and the effect was imme-
diateh' apparent. The business rapidly in-
creased and the paper has been enlarged many
times during the thirt3'-five years of its exist-
ence. In the early '90s Air. De Lacy sold out
his interest, liaving been elected San Jose's
chief of police. In that office Mr. De Lacy
made a reccjrd that any man might be proud.
of. He was both honest and resolute in the
performance of his duties, and he soon made
his name a terror to evil doers. At the expira-
tion of his term he engaged in business, serv-
ing f(jr seA'eral }-ears as business manager of
the Daily Mercury. In 1910 he was appointed
under sheriff, but resigned after three years'
service. In the 1918 election a new sheriff,
George L3de, was elected and his first official
act was to appoint Mr. De Lacy under sheriff,
a position he still holds. He is considered one
(if the most com]ietent and reliable officials
Santa Clara e\er possessed.

Chas. "\A'. Williams continued as sole pro-
jirietor (jf the Evening News until 1917, when
ill-health compelled his retirement from the
ardu(.)us work of the office. He sold his plant
and business to H. L. Baggerly, for many
years sporting editor of the San Francisco
lUilletin. Mr. Baggerly is a live wire and the
News, under his management, has more than
quadrup!e<l in circulation. The editor is R. L.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

P)urg-ess, whose writings ha\e in a few years
given him a national repntation.

The Santa Chira A^alley, a monthly journal
devoted to the horticultural and viticultural
interests of the community and the exploita-
tion of the resources of the county, was started
by Maj. Horace S. Foote in 1884. In 1886 he
sold out the paper to H. A. Brainerd, who
added to its name The Pacific Tree and Vine,
thus enlarging its sphere of usefulness. Brai-
nerd continued the publication until his death
about twent}' years ago.

It was while Major Foote was engaged in
newspaper work that he had an adventure that
he will never forget. In the '60s Charley
Barr, an Englishman, kept a saloon on First
Street opposite El Dorado. The place was
patronized largely by Cornishmen from the
New Almaden and Guadalupe cpiicksilver
mines. The rear of the saloon was arranged
like an English tap room with fireplace, man-
tel, pipes and tobacco and tables for drinking
and playing cards. The miners used to flock
in ever}' Saturday afternoon and usually they
were quiet and inoffensive. But on one Satur-
day soAiething happened that made them boil
with rage. The something was a write-up m
the Independent. The writer was Major Foote
and he had made a sensation out of a flying
rumor of a ghostl}- visitation. The rumor ran
that for some time the old Chapman quicksil-
ver mine bevond the cemetery had been haunt-
ed by the ghost of a murdered miner and
Foote had asserted that on account of the
ghost's nighth' walks about the mine residents
on the Monterey Road were afraid to pass the
mine at night. It was a well-written, creepy
story and Foote w-as proud of it and his pride
was at high-water mark when there entered
his office a delegation of enraged Cornishmen.
One of them held in his hand a copy of the
paper containing the story, and when he ad-
dressed Foote there was blood in his eye.
Foote noticed that the men were in liquor and
it seemed to him that they loomed like giants
in his little office. Then a harsh voice smote
his ear. "Are you the bloomin' beggar who
wrote this piece?" Foote gave an affirmative
answer. "Then," went on the Cornishman,
making no effort to master his rage, "You
have insulted the ghost of my father and I'm
going to do you up." Foote shivered and then
looked out of the open window with the idea
of jumping to the sidewalk. But the distance
appalled him, so he concluded to leave his fate
in the hands of the irate miners. He had
heard of the actions of Cornishmen when
crazed with drink and out for retaliation on
enemv or enemies, and the thought that he
mio-ht be seized, thrown to the floor to have
his'^ribs crushed by hob-nailed boots, was not

a Comforting one. lUit he got a firm grip on
his nerves and replied: "You must be mis-
taken. 1 ha\e not insulted the ghost of your
father. 1 have ne\'er in my life spoken disre-
spectfully of a ghost. In fact it is my rule to
treat ghcjsts with the utmost courtesy. Eet
me read the article to you. 1 am sure you
must have mistaken my meaning." "All right,"
grunted the son of the ghost, "Go ahearl."

Fo(ite braced up, took the jKiper and pre-
pared tc> make a fight for his life. y\s he read
he interlarded the storj' with comments com-
mcndatory both of the ghost's activities and
of the character of the miner before he became
a ghost. The reading linished he noted with
satisfaction that the hands of the son of the
ghost were no longer clinched but were hang-
ing quite naturally by his side. "Perhaps,"
said the spokesman for the Cornishman, "I
was in the wrong, and perhaps you have been

stringing me. If I thought " here Foote

broke in quickly. He wished to cement the
impression the reading had made. "Listen
further," he said. Then he went on in an ex-
temporized speech to extol the virtues of the
men of Cornwall. He expatiated on their hard
work, their love for their wives and children;
their honesty and their generosity. As a law-
yer making a plea for his client he made such
a plea for himself as aroused generous emo-
tions in the breasts of his visitors. He wound
up with an eloquent peroration that quite set-
tled the business, for the Cornishmen patted
him on the back, declared he was a gentleman
and a scholar and invited him over to Charley
Barr's to drink the health of His Honor, the
Spook.

The Scooper, a humorous weekh', came out
in 1885. The prtiprietors were E. T. Sawver
and John T. Wallace. Mr. Wallace, who after-
wards became justice of the peace and held of-
fice until his death a few years ago, sold out
his interest to his partner, after a few months'
experience. The Scooper lived until 1886.

The Santa Clara Index was started in 1870
by a company of printers. W. W. Elliott was
the editor. One day he had an altercation
with W. G. Wilson, the foreman of the com-
|)osing room. Office furniture took the place
of fists and Elliott emerged with a bruised
head and a Ijroken arm. His life reads like a
romance. Erratic, brilliant, nervotis, "his own
"worst enemy," he moved from place to place,
ne\er satisfied but always optimistic. He was
a pioneer resident of the state and in the late
'50s went to Australia. Returning after an ab-
sence of several v'ears, during ^vhich he was
sailor, gold prospector, theatrical agent and
merchant, he enlisted in the L^nion army ana
rose to the rank <if major. A\'hen the assas-
sination of Lincoln occurred he was in San

116

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Francisco and was one of the leaders of the
mob that \\Tecked several offices of newspa-
pers that had published wdiat were considered
disloyal editorials. To escape possible prose-
cution he fled to Mexico, entered the service
of Juarez, the famous Mexican general and
president and was present as a member ot
Juarez' body guard at the execution of Max-
imilian. A prominent position under the Mex-
ican government was offered him, but he had
become tired of Mexican life and longed for
the climate and society of California. He re-
turned to San Francisco in time to take a
prominent part in the gubernatorial election of
1867. Henry H. Haight, the Democratic can-
didate, was elected and Elliott, as a reward
for his services, was appointed assistant adju-
tant general of the state. He resigned after
serving but half his term and came to Santa
Clara and became one of the partners in the
publication of the Index. His row with Fore-
man Wilson terminated his career in Santa
Clara. Removing to San Jose he spent sev-
eral years in doing editorial work for the local
newspapers.

In the early 70s while the State Normal
School was under construction a scandal arose
over the work of the contractor, the Legisla-
ture ordered an investigation, a committee for
the purpose was appointed and the sessions
were held in the court house. Before the tak-
ing of testimony it became necessary to ap-
point a stenographer. There were but few
short-hand writers in those days and there-
fore competition was not lively. One of the
applicants for the position was Elliott and
through Icjcal influence he was chosen for the
position. And now was shown an instance of
monumental nerve. Elliott knew no more,
practically or theoretically of the system of
shorthand writing than an infant in arms. But
he was a rapid writer, had a system of abbre-
viated long hand and a memory that was mar-
velous. He sat in a corner, allowed no one to
look at his hieroglyphics and succeeded in
"pulling the wool" over the eyes of the mem-
bers of the committee and the attorneys pres-
ent, although more than once he found him-
self in an exceedingly tight place. He was
frequently asked during the progress of the
investigation to read certain portions of the
testimony and it more than once happened
that neither his notes nor his memory tallied
with the facts, which were mainly in the line
of statistics. But his unblushing assurance
saved his face and he was permitted to make
the necessary corrections without receiving
other than an admonition to be more careful
in the future. Elliott afterward declared that
he worked harder to earn the few hundred

dollars that his position netted him than he
had at anything before undertaken. He was
required to transcribe each day the notes he
had taken during the session. This work was
done late at night in order that he might have
as assistants to notes and memory the proof
sheets of the fairly full reports given by the
morning paper.

In 1872 Elliott's roving disposition led
him first to Stockton, then to Salinas.
While doing editorial work in the last
named city, the shooting of Mrs. Nicholson
by Matt Tarpey, the politician, followed by
the lynching of Tarpey occurred. Elliott, act-
ing as correspondent of a San Francisco paper,
met the mob half way between Salinas and
Monterey. Tarpey had been taken from the
Monterey jail and his captors were preparing
to hang him to a tree when Elliott arrived. At
Tarpey's request Elliott took down the
doomed man's last will and testament and
then saw the mob carry out its work. Shortly
after this occurrence Elliott was elected city
marshal of Salinas. At the expiration of his
term he engaged in the hotel business in Santa
Rita, but a too strenuous life had undermined
^vhat had been a strong constitution, and so,
after a few years he gave up active business
and resumed the life of a rover. In the early
'90s he reappeared in San Jose, did a few days'
work on one of the daily papers and then dis-
appeared. About a year later he died in the
vSoldiers Home at Yountville.

Another editor with a record was Allen P.
Kelly, who died in Los xAngeles five years
ago. In the late '70s Kelly was the editor of
the San Jose Herald, then under the manage-
ment of genial Nick Bowden, the attorney. In
1880 he collaborated with E. T. Sawyer in the
\\riting of ''Loyal Hearts," a military drama,
founded on incidents of the Civil War. After
the production of the play at Stockton, the
late Governor James H. Budd, playing one of
the principal roles, Kelly went to Virginia
City and worked under Arthur McEwen until
called by William Randolph Hearst to do fea-
ture work for the San Francisco Examiner.
/\fter distinguishing himself by the rescue of
imperiled seamen from a rock in the bay, he
was detailed by Hearst to go south and cap-
ture a grizzly bear. He was allotted three
months in which to do the work. Kelly se-
lected Ventura County as his field of opera-
tion. At the expiration of three months there
was no bear in sight and therefore Hearst or-
dered him to return to San Francisco. But
Kelly refused to leave the hills. The deal was
oft' and his salary had stopped, but still he per-
sisted in scouring the hills for a grizzly. One
day he entered Hearst's office in San Fran-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

17

Cisco and said: 'T have corraled mister bear.
He is at the depot in a cage. He is for sale.
Will you buy him?" Hearst said he would
buy the beast if a price could be agreed upon.
Kelly saw to it that the sum proposed and ac-
cepted would cover his expenses and leave a
comfortable sum for his work. The grizzly
was named Alonarch and for many years was
one of the attractions at Gulden Gate Park.

His long outing in the Ventura hills had
given Kelly a taste for out-door life. He gave
up newspaper work and entered the service of
the state. As state forester he made an en-
viable record and the state was the loser when
he resigned his position to re-enter the news-
paper field. For awhile he published a paper
in Las Vegas, N. M. As it was not a money-
making proposition he sold out and went "to
Philadelphia to fill a position on the North
American. A couple of years before his death
he returned to California and for awhile was
editor of a paper published in Imperial Valley.

The Enterprise, a weekly paper, was pub-
lished in Mayfield by W. H. Clipperton in
1869-70. It was afterward removed to Gilroy
and the name changed to the Gilroy Telegram,
but was discontinued after a few months.

The Gilroy Advocate was established at
Gilroy September 1868 by G. M. Hanson and
C. F. Macy. In 1869 it went into the hands
of Kenyon and Knowlton and in 1873 to Mur-
phy and Knowlton. In the same year H. Cof-
fin became publisher and was succeeded in
1875 by H. C. Burckhart. In January 1876, J.
C. Martin took charge and was succeeded by
Rev. D. A. Dryden in October of the same
year. The paper was soon afterwards leased
to Frank Dryden and J. Vaughn, who con-
ducted it a few months and then turned it over
to F. W. Blake, who continued as proprietor
until his death in 1907, when his son, W. F.
Blake, took charge.

The Gilroy Crescent was established in Jan-
uary, 1888, by R. G. Einfalt. It had a short
existence.

The Gilroy Valley Record was first issued in
May, 1881, E. S. Harrison, publisher. In 1884
it went into the hands of B. A. Wardell who
changed the name to the Gilroy Gazette.
Other publishers of the paper up to 1919, were
E. D. Crawford, John C. Milnes, L. C. Kinney
and R. G. Einfalt. Kirkpatrick and Johnson
are the present proprietors.

The Los Gates Weekly Mail was estab-
lished in 1884 by H. H. Main. After eight
months' experience Main sold the paper to W.
P. Hughes. In 1886 Hughes sold to Walker
and Fellows. Other publishers were D. D.

liowman, W. S. Walker, A. B. Smith and A. E.
Falch. In 1918 the Mail was consolidated witli
the News. The News was started in July,
1881, l)v W. S. Walker, who afterward sold to
W. P.. Trantham, C. C. Suydam and G. Web-
ster. In March, 1886, Welxster sold his inter-
est to his partners. Afterward Suydam with-
drew from the firm. Trantham was sole pro-
prietor when the consolidation of the two
papers took place.

In 1885 a weekly jjaper called the Courier
was published at Mountain View by George
Wagstatif. It lasted but a few months.

The Mountain View W^eekly Register com-
menced publication in April, 1888, with Frank
Bacon (now a noted eastern actor) and Harr}'
Johnston. Afterward came The Leader. In
1904, P. Milton Smith took charge of both
papers and consolidated them under the name
of the Register-Leader.

The Santa Clara Inde.x was established in
1869 by a syndicate of printers. It lived for
a few years and was followed by the Santa
Clara News which had as publishers C. A.
Gage, F. E. Ellis, Mason & Widney, and H. R.
Roth. In 1920 Roth sold a half interest to
Lawrence Lockney.

The Santa Clara Journal was established by
N. H. Downing in 1889. He died in Decem-
ber, 1904, and the paper has since been pub-
lished by his daughter under the firm name of
B. & B. Downing.

The Mayfield News is published by W. F.
Nichols. It came into existence several years
after the removal of the Enterprise.

The Campbell Press is published by Harry
Smith. It was started by E. C. Hurlbert in
1895.

The Morgan Hill Times was established in
1898 by G. K. Estes. He sold to H. V. Pillow
in 1918.

The Saratoga Star is a recent publication.
L. C. Dick is the proprietor.

The Sunnyvale Standard was established in
1903. W. K. Roberts is the publisher.

The Palo Alto Times is published by G. F.
Morell & Co. It has been in e.^cistence for
twenty-eight years, having been started b}-
A\\ H. Simpkins.

The Pacific Poultry Breeder was established
in San Jose in 1885 by Chas. R. Harker. With
one exception it is the only paper of its kind
published in the United States.

Rajr W. Harden started the Sul^urban Citi-
zen in 1914. In 1922 it was changed to pocket
size. It has won success by appealing to the
between town and rural reader.

CHAPTER IX.

Early Days of the Drama in San Jose — The First Theater — Stark's Disgust —
Other Theaters and Interesting Reminiscences of Actors, Professional
and Amateur — A Few of the Old-Time Minstrels.

Those who are left of the pioneers of San
Jose, the sturdy, adventurous men and women
who planted the stakes fur the advanced civili-
zation of tuda}', look back with pride and
pleasure to the early days of the drama in San
Jose. They recall the professional work of
actors and actresses of world-wide fame, whose
performances, if given nowadays would awak-
en the highest interest, and they linger long
and lovingly over favorite names and plays,
peerless productions and delightful dramatic
incidents. Those were the days of stock com-
panies, in which the actor to win a high place
in the profession had to study and strive years
upon years and to appear in such a round of
characters as to establish a i)erfect claim to
dramatic versatility and merit. In the mimic
world of that day lived and flourished Junius
Brutus Booth, Edwin Forrest, Charlotte Cush-
man, Edwin Booth, Julia Dean Ha3me, E. L.
Davenport, James E. Murdoch and James
Stark.

To James Stark is due the credit of estab-
lishing the first theater in San Jose. The year
\vas 1859 and he was then in the height of his
fame, having but recently returned, with his
wife, from a highly successful engagement in
Australia. Of all the tragedians who came
after him, but one bore any resemblance to him
in style, appearance and ability and that one
was John McCullough. It must in justice be
said, however, that Stark had the finer intelli-
gence, and that in the parts calling for deep,
dramatic insight and the interpretation of the
subtler shades of human emotion, he excelled
the genial McCullough, whose forte was not
exactly in the line of the purely intellectual,
but in the delineation of the heroic and the
muscular. Endowed with a splendid physiciue,
an imposing carriage, a deep, resonant, finely-
modulated voice and true c(mception of drama-
tic requirements, added to a rare, personal
magnetism, Stark compelled attention and won
the most enthusiastic plaudits for his perform-
ances. In the summer of 1859 he purchased a
lot on First Street, opposite the site of the
present Victory Theater and upon it erected
vSan Jose's first place of dramatic amusement.
The building, which was of wood, had an ex-
cellent stage and all the appliances of the regu-
lation theaters of those days. The grand open-
ing took place on the tenth of October and the

bill was Richelieu with Stark as the "Cardinal
Duke" and J\Irs. Stark as "Julie de Mortimar."
The price of admission to all the plays was one
dollar, both for dress circle and parquet. Each
program printed by the late C. E. Vates, con-
tained the announcement, "Children in arms
not admitted."

Mrs. Stark was a star, as well as her hus-
band. Her first husband was J. H. Kirby, the
tragedian, who died in San Francisco after
playing an engagement at Maguire's Opera
House. His great specialty was Richard III,
and so powerful was his acting in the death
scene that it became the delight of the gallery
and perpetuated the well-known request,
"Wake me up when Kirby dies."

Belle Devine, the ingenue of Stark's com-
pany was a great favorite and during her stay
in San Jose she was the idol of the male
younger set. After her season at Stark's Thea-
ter she married George Pauncefote, an English
act(jr, who in 1866 engineered a remarkable
polyglot entertainment at the American Thea-
ter in San Francisco. The play was Othello.
The title role was enacted by Pauncefote in
English, "lago" was given in French, "Cassio"
in Danish and "Roderigo" in Spanish. The
audience was large but the play only ran one
night. Afterward Pauncefote went to China
and never returned.

Two very popular members of Stark's com-
pany were Harry Brown, who did the juveniles
and walking gents ; and Nellie Brown, his wife,
who was the soubrette. Brown afterward
joined the stock company at Maguire's Opera
House, San Francisco, and some years after
the death of his wife married Mrs. Harry Jack-
son, an English actress of high reputation,
whose "Lady Macbeth" was considered one of
the finest assumptions in the history of the
American stage.

In building the theater Stark was financially
assisted by the late James R. Lowe, Sr. The
obligation was satisfied out of the proceeds of
the first "five weeks' performances. During
these five weeks, though San Jose then had
less than 5,000 population, the houses were
large and the interest intense. The same
patrons would attend the theater night after
night, so strong and well balanced was the
company, so meritorious the plays and so at-
tractive the personality of Stark and his tal-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUN'lA'

119

ented wife. The leading- man of the conil)ina-
tion was Walter Hray, who, when his enoatje-
ment ended, forsook the sock and Iniskin to
bask in the smiles of Momus. A lew \ears
later he was known as one of the brijjhtes't and
niost successfid Kthiopean comedians on the
Coast. For a time he was associated with Joe
Mvirphy, then more appreciated as a l)one
player than a negro minstrel.

At the conclnsion of the five weeks' season,
Stark took his company to Sacramento \\-here
the San Jose success was repeated. Then
came what tdd San Franciscans will ah\-a_\'s re-
member— the i)henomenal engagement at J\la-
guire's Opera Flouse in which Stark appearing
in his round of Shakespearean characters, was
hailed as one of the few great interpreters of
"Hamlet," "Othello," "Macbeth," "Brutus,"
"Richard HF' and "King Lear."

Fresh from his metropolitan triumphs Stark
returned to San Jose and for three weeks
crowded the benches of the theater, easily re-
peating the success of his opening season.
Now it was that he determined to make the
Garden City his permanent place of residence,
for from the substantial patronage bestowed
upon him in the past he had acquired the faith
to believe that the future was filled with
golden promises. He purchased the propert}^
bounded by Second, Julian and Fourth Streets
and the line of the proposed Western Pacific
railway and upon it erected a handsome dwell-
ing. Subsequently he went to Virginia City,
Nev., to open a theater there and made con-
siderable money. Seats for the first night sold
as high as $500 each and the late Senator W^il-
liam Sharon was credited with ha\'ing paid
$500 a night for a set of seats for his friends
for the entire engagement.

Again returning to San Jose Stark ])egan
his last series of performances in the theater
upon which he had builded so many glowing
hopes. He had advertised a three weeks' sea-
son, but owing to the scarcity of money which
prevailed at that time, the attendance dimin-
ished so that the three weeks were shortened
to two. On the night of the closing perform-
ance there was a "beggarly array of empty
benches." Then the distinguished tragedian
came forth in his wrath and made a speech to
the audience in which he reproached the citi-
zens of San Jose for their lack of appreciation
of his efforts, closing with the announcement
that he should never appear in that theater or
in San Jose again. He was as good as his
word. He sold his theater property to Judge
William T. Wallace and his fine residence
property to Hon. S. O. Houghton.

Shortly before this there had been differ-
ences between Stark and his wife, wdiich after
a time culminated in a divorce. Mrs. Stark re-

mained single for :i lew \ears and then mar-
ried Dr. Gray, of New York, who ])ossessed a
handsome fortune which Ijecame hers when he
died. Her last husband was Charles i\.
Thome, Sr., a \eteran actor and manager and
father of Charles l\. 'Fhorne, Jr., and Fdwin
Tliorne, the actors.

Misfortune overtook Stark in his later years.
I'^or a time he played with Edwin liooth, but
after a stroke of ])aralysis, was forced to aban-
don the stage. His fortune was exhausted in
endeavoring to obtain relief and when in dire
|)ecuniarv extremit}' he was rememl)ered hy
his \\'ife of former daws, wIkj sent him a large
sum of mone}'. Fie died in the East about
forty years ago. Mrs. 'Fhorne passed away in
San Francisco in 1898.

Samuel W. Piercy, who died of small-pox in
Ijoston in 1882, after having reached the top of
his profession as an actor, made his first ap-
pearance on any stage in Stark's Theater in
1865. The theater was also the scene of the
debut of John W. Dunne, who became a popu-
lar actor and manager and is now a resident
of New York City.

After Stark's departure the theater, with
name changed to the San Jose Theater, was
turned over to traveling companies whose en-
gagements were few and far between. The
last performances given within its walls were
on the 15th and 16th of March, 1867, by Robert
Fulfopd's San Francisco Dramatic Company.
The plays were Michael Erie, Don Caesar de
Bazan and The Lady of Lyons. In Michael
Erie the principal characters were taken by
Fulford, Harry Colton, W. M. Martial, E. T.
Sawyer, Miss Teresa Berrie and Belle De
Nure. In April, 1867, the theater was con-
verted into a carriage factory and leased to
Hunt & Add. Alterations for other classes of
business were made as the years rolled on.
The building still stands, but there is nothing
in its appearance to convey the faintest sug-
gestion that it once covered the appurtenances
of a theater.

From 1867 to 1870 San Jose theater-goers
had to content themselves with the meager and
unsatisfactory accommodations of Armory
Hall on Santa Clara Street, near Third. Rol)-
ert Fulford did play "Hamlet" there on an im-
provised stage with a few rickety wings con-
stituting the entire set of scenery and the
ghost arrayed in a horse blanket besprinkled
with small squares of tin to represent a coat
of mail. W^hen "Hamlet," stepped on the end
of a floor board which had not been nailed
down, causing the other end to strike the
"King of Denmark" and knock him against the
wing, there was a cjuick collapse of the whole
stage furniture and an inglorious termination
of the performance.

120

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

In 1870 Gustav Brohaska, the proprietor of
Armory Hall, converted the place into a first-
class theater and named it the San Jose Opera
House. The opening night was August 18,
and London Assurance was given in superb
style by the John T. Raymond Dramatic Com-
panv. Raymond, than whom a neater low
comedian never tickled the risibilities of an
American audience, was "Mark Meddle" and
his wife, handsome and popular Marie Gordon,
was "Lady Gay Spanker." Then followed a sea-
son of prosperity, of fine actors and good
pliys. At this house appeared such popular
favorites as John McCuUough, Barton Hill,
James O'Neill, Robson & Crane, "Billy" Flor-
ence, Thomas \V. Keene, Lawrence Barrett,
James Garden, James A. Heme, Harry Cour-
taine, Joseph Proctor, Joe Murph}-, Sue Robin-
son, Jennie and Alicia Mandeville, Fay Tem-
pleton, Elbe Wilton, Mrs. Sophie Edwin, Mrs.
Judah, Annie Louise Cary, Clara Louise Kel-
logg and Caroline Richings. Proctor's connec-
tion lasted several years as he was then man-
aging a circuit of theaters. He was the crea-
tor of that wonderful character in melodrama,
"The Jibbenainosay," for many years the piece
de resistance of the Bowery.

H. A. De Lacy was the lessee of the theater
in 1874 and one of his first attractions was Fay
Templeton, the charming vocaHst and child
actress. James A. Heme, whose "Shore
Acres," netted him a fortune, \\'as a mentber of
the company. One of his great parts ^vas "Rip
Van Winkle," declared by David Belasco to
be superior to the "Rip" of Joseph Jefl^erson.

It was at this theater that Eleanor Calhoun,
afterward a popular London actress and at
present writing the wife of Prince Lazarovich
of Serbia, made her first appearance on any
stage in E. T. Sawyer's military drama,
"Loyal Hearts." The cast was a local one,
John T. Malone and H. A. De Lacy sustaining
the leading male roles. Malone, who was dep-
uty district attorney at the time, afterwards
adopted the stage as a profession, became an
eastern star and died while officiating as sec-
retary of the Players' Club, founded by Edwin
Booth, in New York City.

On the morning of July 5, 1881, the Opera
House was burned to the ground. But San
Jose was not left without a place of amuse-
ment, for the California Theater on Second
Street near San Fernando, had been running
for several years.

The California Theater \\'as erected by
Hayes & Downer in 1878-79 and was formally
opened on May 12th, 1879, by a company of
amateurs. The play was "Evadne" and the
performers were J. J. Owen, editor of the
Mercury; J. H. Campl^ell, for many years dean
of the law department of the Santa Clara Uni-

versity ; Charles F. Macy, who died in Chel-
sea, Mass., in 1898; Prof. J. G. Kennedy, city
school superintendent, now with the dead ;
Charles M. Shortridge, lawyer, newspaper
publisher and state senator, who passed away
in 1919, and Miss Mattie Patton, who after-
ward became the wife of J. J. Owen. She died
a few years ago. For the occasion a poem
written by the late S. W. De Lacy, then pro-
prietor of the Times, was appropriately re-
cited by Mrs. Ida Benfey, the elocutionist.

During the few years of its existence, the
California was managed most of the time by
the late Chas. J. Martin, who served as mayor
of the city for three terms. He made many
notable engagements. It was at this house
that the famous production of "The Rivals,"
with Joseph Jefiferson and Mrs. John Drew in
the cast, was given. Edwin Booth, W. E.
Sheridan, Laurence Barrett, Thomas W.
Keene, Louis James, Frederic AVarde, W. H.
Crane, Stuart Robson, John E. Owens, E. S.
Willard, Joseph G. Grismer, Nat Goodwin,
Louise Davenport, Minnie Maddern (who
later became Mrs. Fiske), Ada Cavendish and
others appeared.

Like the Opera House the California The-
ater went up in smoke on the night of July
2, 1892. In the same fire the buildings on the
lilock half way to Santa Clara, together with
the South Methodist Church and other build-
ings across the street were burned.

Two months after the destruction of the
California Theater the Auditorium was doing
lousiness under the management of Walter
Morosco, of the San Francisco Grand Opera
House. The building had formerly been
known as Horticultural Hall, but was without
a proper stage or theatrical appointments.
Some of these necessities were furnished when
Morosco took charge, others by Chas. P. Hall
when he came in as Morosco's successor.

Other lessees of the Auditorium Avith its
later name, the Garden City Theater, were
AVebster & Ross, Frank Bacon and a vaude-
ville combination. During its few years of
existence there appeared such attractions a^
Thomas W. Keene, Ward and James, Robert
Downing, John W. Dunne and Mary Marble,
Richard Mansfield, Nat Goodwin, Mme. Mod-
jeska, James A. Heme; De Wolf Hopper,
John- Drew, Henry Miller, The Bostonians,
Herbert Kelsey, Robert Mantell, Maxine El-
liott, Mrs. Leslie Carter and Fannie Daven-
port. Fire destroyed the building in 1918.

The Victory Theater, erected b}^ Senator
James D. Phelan, was opened to the public on
tlie evening of February 2, 1899. An audience
that filled every seat applauded to the echo the
fine acting of the performers in "The School
for Scandal," the play selected for the occa-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA CoUNTY

121

sion. Louis Janios, Frederick W'arde, Marry
Langdoii and Kathr)-n Kidder had the princi-
pal parts, and the performance as a whole was
a clean-cut exhibition of high dramatic art.
Charles P. Hall was the first lessee. He was
succeeded by F. A. Giesea, wdio was in charge
until 1918 when M. B. Haas came in as lessee.
During; the past twenty-two years the Vic-
tory has presented the cream of the eastern
dramatic attractions booked iov the Pacific
Coast. Among them may be named INIaude
Adams, Billie Burke, ]\Irs. Leslie Carter. Mar-
garet Anglin, E. A. Sothern, William Faver-
sham, Otis Skinner, Forbes Robertson, J. E.
Kellerd, Robert Mantell, David Warfield", Sa-
rah Bernhardt, Anna Held, Geo. M. Cohan,
Walker AA'hiteside, Ethel Barrymore, Hilda
Spong, Henry Miller, Julia Marlowe, Louis
James, AY. H. Crane, Nat Goodwin, Blanch
Walsh, Blanche Bates, Annie Russell. AY. H.
Thompson and several opera companies.

The Hippodrome, located on South First
Street, near the corner of San Carlos, was
erected by the Southern Development Com-
pany in 1919 and was leased to Marcus Loew,
a circuit manager. He is represented in San
Jose by Ackerman & Harris : B. B. Levin is
the local manager. The theater has been
used mainly for vaudeville and motion pic-
tures.

The T. & D. Theater, a motion picture
house, on South First Street, near San An-
tonio, was built by the Southern Development
Company in 1913. The lessees are Turner &
Dahnken and the local manager, A. M. Miller.
The Lyric Theater, a small amusement
house for motion pictures, located on North
Second Street, opposite the Evening News of-
fice, has as lessee Geo. S. Jones. Louis Lieber
is the owner of the building.

The Jose Theater on North Second Street,
between Santa Clara and San Fernando
Streets, was built in 1904 by David Jacks, of
Monterey County. It was first leased by No-
lan & Blum. After a few years Nolan retired
and Blum was the lessee until his death in
1920. Tames Beatty is now in charge.

The Liberty (motion picture) Theater is
located on Market Street, between San Fer-
nando and Post, was built in 1914 by James
Beatty, the present proprietor.

The first amateur dramatic company in San
Jose was organized in the fall of 1865 with the
"following members : Charles De Lacy, Sam-
uel W. Piercy, J. A. Leach, Charles A. Cleal,
Thomas L. Cleal, John E. Pillot, Edgar M.
Foster, J. F. McMahon, W. D. J. Hambly,
W. W. "Thomas and E. T. Sawyer, Misses
Mary Yontz, Jessie Gavitt, Ellen and Clara
Skinner. In 1866, A. P. Murgotten, Amherst
J. Hoyt, John W. Dunne, E. M. Skinner, J. W.

Johnson and A. L. Hart joined the company,
se\'eral of the 1865 members having removed
from the city. In the years up to the early
'80s, the members included H. A. De Lacy,
I'. E. York, A. S. York, Charles M. Shortridge,
Frank Bacon, A. \A'. White, Eugene Rosen-
thal, Chas. W. Williams, S. W. De Lacy, W.
H. Sarles, W. G. Lorigan, H. C. Hansbrough,
John T. Malone, Beatrice Lawrey, Mary
A\'estphal, Louis Lieber, Geo. W. Alexander,
Chas. E. Howes, Geo. C. Knapp, George Corn-
stock. James Carson, Henry Beach, Jennie
Weidman, Eleanor Calhoun, Virginia Cal-
houn, Holton Webb, A. Majors Jr., W. G.
Miller, Harrv Botsford. Guy Salisbury, Chas.
W. Oliver, Clyde Frost, F.' G, Flartman and
others wdiose names the historian does not re-
call. Many of the memliers afterwards
achie^'ed eminence on the professional .stage.
Sam W. Piercy was one of the foremost actors
in America when death called him in 1882. He
came to California in the early '50s and the
family home for many years was on Julian
Street near Sixth. He was a student at the
San Jose Institute when he joined the dra-
matic club. In the fall of 1866 he left San
Jose to enter upon the study of law in San
Francisco. In 1870 he was invited to read the
Declaration of Independence at the Fourth of
July celebration. He acquitted himself so well
that Col. AY. H. L. Barnes, a personal friend,
advised him to give up law for acting. Tnc
advice was followed and in November of that
}'ear he made his debut on the professional
stage as "lago" to the "Othello" of John Mc-
Cullough. It was a complete success and Mc-
Cullough said he had never witnessed a more
satisfactory first appearance. After a tour of
the state with Frank AA^ilton's barn-storming
company, he played with Joe Murphy and
other stars for a time and then he left for the
East. For three years he developed his art by
playing with such stars as Clara Morris, John
McCullough and Charlottej Thompson. In
1876 he sailed for London to play the leading
part in The A^irginians. The press notices
were so laudatory and his reputation was so
enhanced that on his return to New York he
was at once engaged as leading man at the
Grand Opera House. The next year he joined
Edwin Booth's company and was with that
great actor until the manager of Niblo's Gar-
den ofifered him the position of stock star in
the company playing regularly at that popular
place of amusement. His best parts during
the engagement were "Lagadere" in "The
Duke's Motto," "Badger" in "The Streets of
New York" and "Claude Melnotte" in the
"Lady of L.yons." There followed an offer
from San Francisco to come and pla)^ the lead-
ing part in "Diplomac}-." The offer was ac-

12:

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

cepted and a prosperous season was the result.

In 1878 Pierc}' opened the San Jose Opera
House, as enlarged and improved, presenting
■■Diplomacy," ■'Craiga Dhiol" and "Othello."
In the last named play he appeared as "lago"
to the "Othello" of John T. ^Malonc, a rising
San Jose actor. In 1881 he rejoined Edwin
Booth's company and the engagement was
still on when he was stricken with small pox
and died. Just before his illness J. H. Haver-
ly, the well-known manager, was negotiating
for his appearance as a star. In 1879 Pierc\'
married the daughter of William Dunphy, the
cattle king. She died in Philadelphia in 1881,
leaving one daughter, who is now a resident of
San Francisco.

Eleanor Calhoun was a Normal School stu-
dent in San Jose when she resolved to make
the stage her profession. This was in the
late '70s. She was pretty and graceful, had a
charming manner and an unconquerable am-
bition to succeed in life. Her father, a nephew
of John C. Calhoun, the South Carolina ora-
tor and statesman, was a justice of the peace
in Fresno County and her mother had removed
to San Jose for the purpose of giving her
daughters an education in the educational cen-
ter of the state. Nellie (she did not call her-
self Eleanor until after her dei)arture from
California) displayed remarkable dramatic
talent at the Normal School and after leaving
there gave elocutionary recitals in a tour of
the coast counties. After this experience she
entered the dramatic school of Mrs. Julia Mel-
ville Snyder, mother of Emilie Melville, the
popular actress and vocalist of the '70s and
'80s. It was while she was studying for the
stage that she was induced to come to San
Jose and play the leading female role in E. T.
Sawyer's military play, "Loyal Hearts." She
gladly consented and made lier first appear-
ance on any stage at the San Jose Opera
House in February, 1880. Hugh A. De Lacy,
John T. Malone, Louis Lieber, the sign paint-
er, and Miss Mary Westphal (now Mrs. Judge
Richards) were in the cast. /Vt the conclusion
of the week's engagement she was tendered a
benefit, as her exceptionally fine acting had
made her a public favorite. The house was
packed to the doors and the young actress in
the glow of her success returned to San
Francisco and arranged to appear at the Cali-
fornia Theater, then under the management
of John McCullough. She made her debut on
the professional stage as '■Juliet" to the
■■Romeo" of John T. Malone. The critics
praised her acting and the engagement was
continued until she had exhausted her small
repertoire. Soon after the engagement she
left for the East and for a year played leading
parts in a stock company which gave per-

formances in middle eastern and southern
cities. London next called her and it was not
long before she had worked herself into a
leading position in one of the high class thea-
ters. Under the auspices of Lady Archibald
Camp1)ell she played "Rosalind" in "As You
Like It" in an al fresco production, to the
warm approbation of the large audience as-
sembled. She was next heard of in Paris,
where she studied French, attaining such a
mastery over the language as to give her con-
fidence to appear before the Paris footlights
in a French play with the great Coquehn as
leading support. About a dozen years ago she
was married to Prince Lazarovich, a claimant
to the throne of Serbia. After her marriage
she made several visits to San Jose. A few
years ago her London and Paris reminiscences
were published in The Century. Written in a
chatty style and directed mainly to a recital
of her social triumphs and of meetings with
the notables of the day, including Alfred Ten-
nyson and James Russell Lowell, they made
interesting reading. One of her sisters (Jes-
sica) is married and lives in Los Angeles. An-
other sister, Virginia, was a teacher in the
Hester school on the Alameda, until she de-
cided to follow in the footsteps of Eleanor and
become an actress. Her first appearance on
any stage was, like her sister's, in "Loyal
Hearts." The performance was given at the
California theater on Second Street in 1882.
In the cast were Frank Bacon, Jennie Weid-
man (afterward Mrs. Bacon), Louis Lieber,
Geo. W. Alexander and other local lights.

John W. Dunne joined the San Jose Ama-
teur Club in 1866. He was a boy of sixteen
when he made his first apparance on the stage.
In preparing for the production of "The Gold-
en Farmer," no woman could be found willing
enough to play the part of "Elizabeth," the
heroine, so Dunne was called in to fill the
breach. He was a handsome fellow in those
days, beardless, peachy-cheeked and with a
voice that was soft, light and clear-almost like
a woman's. When on bended knees, with
clasped hands and streaming eyes he besought
heaven to "save me from a fate far worse than
death," the audience shivered and appealing
eyes were cast on the villain, wdio seemed to
hold the fate of Elizabeth in his hands. And
that villain, who stood over the shrinking
heroine, with his six feet of stature, blood-shot
eyes, gleaming teeth and hands red with gore,
was none other than that mild-mannered, up-
right, progressive citizen, Alex. P. Murgotten.
Dunne's success as an amateur decided his
destiny. He became a real actor. After play-
ing all sorts of parts, from utility to leading
business, he departed for Salt Lake City to ac-
cept a position in the Mormon Theater. There

HISTORY OF SANTA CL^ARA COUNTY

123

he played for a year or more and then set out
on a territorial tour, acting as leading support
to Mrs. Annie Adams, the mother of Maude
Adams, America's foremost actress. Next he
associated himself with the elfin star, Patti
Rosa, soon married her, became her manager
and until the death of his talented wife played
in Hoyt's comedies from one end of the coim-
try to the other. He was next heard of as the
husband of Mary Marble, a worthy successor
to Patti Rosa, and engaged in a similar line of
work. They toured the country until vaude-
ville became the rage, then went into pocket-
edition drama and became public favorites.
He was a San Jose visitor in 1919.

Frank Bacon is (1922) one of the most tal-
ented and popular of the great American act-
ors. He is a former San Josean and the city
was the scene of his first stage experiences.
He was in his early twenties when he arrived
in San Jose. He tried photography, experi-
mented with newspaper work and drifted into
other lines of work, but none of them succeed-
ed in holding his interest. His ambition in
those early days was to become another John
^vlcCullough, Edwin Booth or Lawrence Bar-
rett. He turned up his nose at comedy and so
when "Loyal Hearts" was produced at the
California Theater he was rejoiced when he
was asked to play the part of the Union officer.
The press notices were commendatory. The
allusion to his magnificent voice made him
more than ever determined to become a trage-
dian. Miss Jennie Weidman, a very talented
amateur actress, was one of the performers.
She and Frank became great friends and soon
friendship resolved itself into love. They
were married soon after the performance at
the California.

It was after Frank left San Jose to try his
luck on the professional stage that he stum-
bled upon his proper line of work. The por-
trayal of a "rube" character on the Alcazar
stage in San Francisco, gave the critics a
chance to say all manner of nice words. Frank
took notice and very soon decided to drop
"straight" business for "rube" comedy. He
had everything in his favor. He was a slow
speaker, had a dry way of saying things, and
his deep, flexible voice could at will be used to
evoke either tears or laughter. The years went
by, his art ripened, the coarse, low comedy
"rube" was fashioned into the human country-
man and culmination came in the creation of
"Lightnin' Bill," a lovable shiftless old coot,
in many respects a latter-day "Rip Van
Winkle." The play called "Lightnin' " has
had a run of three years on Broadway,
New York, is now (1922) enjoying a phenom-
enal run in Chicago, and Frank Bacon has been
acclaimed as one of the finest character actors

of the century. He has a charming orchard
home near Mountain View, in Santa Clara
County, and e\'cry year his vacations are
spent there.

John T. Malone, another San Josean, who
made good as a professional actor, was a grad-
uate of Santa Clara College. He studied law,
was admitted to the bar and when the stage
bee buzzed in his ears he was deputy district
attorney of Santa Clara County. After ap-
pearances on the amateur stage he went to
San Francisco, supported Eleanor Calhoun,
during her engagement in that city and after-
ward went east to become a member of Edwin
Booth's company. After Booth's death he
took out a company of his own, playing in
legitimate drama as long as there was any
demand for it and then gave up the stage to
accept the position of secretary of the Play-
ers' Club, New York. He died in New York
several years ago.

The late Charles W. Williams, former pro-
prietor of the Evening News, would have won
fame and fortune on the stage if he had gone
from amateur into professional work. He was
a born comedian and the most talented and
popular laugh-maker who ever appeared be-
fore the footlights in San Jose. He came to
California when a mere boy and for some
years was a clerk in Cassius Morton's music
store on First Street. He was a fine piano
player and his services in the store were very
valuable. From the store he graduated into
newspaper work, starting first as business
manager of Charles M. Shortridge's Times
and winding up as the proprietor and editor of
the Evening News. It was after he became a
newspaper publisher that he dallied with stage
work. His first appearance was a negro boy
in "The Octoroon." He made a hit in the part
and followed up his success by joining Charles
R. Bacon's New York and San Francisco Min-
strels, organized for performance in San Jose
only. He was one of the end men and con-
vulsed the audience by his inimitable dialect
specialties. In 1881 he became the manager
of the California Theater and in April, 1882,
was the recipient of a complimentary benefit.
His songs brought many encores. In the
same year he played an Irish comedy part in
"Loyal Hearts." The press notices spoke of
him as one of the great Irish comedians on the
American stage. Shortly after this appear-
ance Williams resolved to forsake straight the-
atricals for operetta and musical comedy. He
had a fetching singing voice and under his
management were produced "The Mikado,"
"Olivette," "The Mascot," "Patience," and the
popular operettas. His "Ko-Ko" in "The
Mikado" was very artistic and mirth-provok-
ing and so well pleased with the performance

124

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

was a San Francisco manager that he induced
Williams to repeat it at the Tivoli. Williams
consented to go, made a success of the trip,
but could not be induced to give up newspaper
for stage work. San Jose suited him and he
was an actor for the fun of the thing. His
last appearance as manager and performer
was about a year before his death, which oc-
curred in 1917.

Felix G. (better known as Phil) Hartman
was one of the early San Jose amateurs. He
played small parts, sometimes acted as stage
manager but more often as property man and
scene shifter. He was easily excited and in
his excitement would frequently lose his head
and make the most ridiculous blunders. At
an entertainment given in Saratoga, Hugh A.
De Lacy sang "Old Black Joe" in character.
To give a touch of realism to the song and the
acting it was arranged that "Joe" should die
and that the dying should be done to slow
music and red fire. Phil Hartman was the
scene shifter and property man, and in the
hurry of getting his props together he forgot
to provide himself with the fire powder and its
accessories. "Never mind, Hughie," he said
to De Lacy, "I can fake it so the audience
won't know the difference. I'll go out, get
some fire crackers, take out the powder and
light it." De Lacy had his doubts about the
substitution, for he knew Phil's optimism, dis-
played on other occasions, had not always
been vindicated. However, there was nothing
to do but take chances. Phil secured the pow-
der, placed it in a tin plate and stood ready in
the wings to do the lighting. Soon the time
came for him to act and as De Lac)^ sang the
last line of the last Averse, Phil lighted his first
match. The powder wouldn't burn. Then an-
other match was tried. Same result. De Lacy
kept on singing, but with one eye on Phil, who
struck match after match on the seat of his
trousers, the perspiration meanwhile running
in streams down his face. De Lacy, hoping
against hope, sang the last verse over again,
but no fire was forthcoming. At last Phil
gave it up in despair.. Turning an agonized
face on De Lacy, he said in a voice that could
be heard all over the hall, "Go on and die,
Hughie, for I can't make the darned fire burn."
Hughie died in a hurry, for his fingers were
itching to get at Phil's throat.

Still later Phil gave a magician's show at
the San Jose Opera House. As scene shifter
and handy man for the "Fakir of Vishnu" he
had learned many of the tricks of that old
time juggler and illusionist. Phil called him-
self the "Fakir of Ooloo" and what he ex-
pected to be his best act was one of levita-
tion — the suspending in mid-air of a woman
subject. There were steel rods concealed un-

der the clothing of the subject and an upright
rod support was also hidden from view. The
subject was a heavy woman, while Phil was a
lightweight. When all was ready Phil made
his explanatory talk and then l^egan to lift
the woman to a horizontal position in the air.
Once in that position two rods would snap
into place and the suspension would be an
accomplished fact. But Phil, try as he would,
could not raise his subject to the horizontal
line. As he tugged and perspired the machin-
ery squeaked and the audience roared. He
made several attempts, letting down his bur-
den between times in order that he might re-
cover his breath, and finally gave up in disgust
and sat upon the floor. The performance
was as good as a circus and the spectators,
though the advertised program had not been
carried out, felt that they had received their
money's worth and applauded accordingly.

John T. Raymond was California's star
comedian. He made several professional trips
to San Jose and always played to full houses.
His most popular role was of "Col. Mulberry
Sellers," taken from Mark Twain's Gilded
Age. Mark did not like Ra3'mond's interpre-
tation of the character, claiming that it was a
gross exaggeration, almost a burlesque, not at
all like the "Sellers" his brain had conceived.
But Raymond's audiences liked the interpreta-
tion and money always flowed in at the box
office whenever Ra3miond's "Sellers" was the
attraction.

Raymond was very fond of practical jokes
and he played them so often that his fellow
actors grew to be afraid of him, for they could
not guess what was hatching in that queer
brain of his. Such tricks as finding their shoes
nailed to the floor when they were in a hurry
to make ready for a performance, or wigs
grotesquely queered, were always to be ex-
pected. But there were unexpected variations.
On one occasion when a lurid melodrama was
on the boards, there was a scene in which the
victims of the villain appeared before him.
The villain was John McCullough, and Ray-
mond, James A. Heme, Harry Edwards and
Julia Corcoran, were the victims. All except
Raymond were in line on the platform. He
had painted his nose a fiery red and with a
most serious expression pointed both hands
at McCullough. The audience roared, then
hissed and the curtain was rung down.

When Raymond gave "Col. Sellers" in San
Jose the actors who had suft'ered from his
jokes turned the tables on him. The most try-
ing part of his performance was the eating of
raw turnips, for he loathed vegetables and
never ate them except upon compulsion. The
meml)ers of the company knew this and one
night they doctored the turnips. Raymond

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

125

ate them, made a wry face but said nothing.
The next night he called for apples, but when
it came time for the repast he found he was
compelled to eat raw onions covered with
apple skins.

At another engagement Raymond was play-
ing "Polydor" to the "Ingomar" of John Mc-
CuUough. In the striking scene where "Ingo-
mar" orders the barbarians to seize "Polydor,"
l\.a}'mond came around to the front of the
stage and instead of dropping in front of "In-
gomar" and clasping his hands in piteous en-
treaty, dropped, crawled between McCul-
lough's legs, dived back and circled round
"Ingomar," his teeth chattering in terror. Mc-
Cullough laughed, the audience took the cue
and the curtain went down amid a general
roar of laughter.

Some of the old-time minstrels lived in San
Jose. One of them, Johnny Tuers, adopted
the stage as a profession, after he left San Jose.
Charley Rhoades, Fred Sprung and Ned Buck-
ley came to San Jose to reside after they had
g^iven up active work as entertainers. Tuers
was an end man and flat foot dancer. He was
the originator of this style of dancing and the
champion of the Coast. He played in all the
cities and towns from Los Angeles to Salt
Lake but most of his time was spent in San
Francisco. In the late '60s he quarreled with
a man on Washington Street in that city.
Pistols were drawn and an innocent bystander,
James Dowling, a theatrical manager, stopped
Tuers' bullet and ceased to live. Tuers was
tried for murder and acquitted. "Billy" Tuers,
Johnny's brother, stayed in San Jose. He was
never on the professional stage, but appeared
many times as an amateur, acting both as end
man and dancer. In middle life he was stricken
with blindness and died in Santa Cruz scN'eral
years ago.

Charley Rhoades was the pioneer banjo
player of the state. Not long after the discov-
ery of gold his banjo was heard on the streets
of San Francisco and in the northern and east-
ern mining camps. In the early '60s he joined
a minstrel company and as end man and banjo
pla3^er was before the public until his removal
to San Jose in 1874. He was the reputed au-
thor of that popular old song, "The Days of
'49," and up to his retirement it was the favor-
ite song of his repertory. The style of the
song is shown in the following verse :

There was Kentuck Bill, one of the boys,
Who was always in for a game.

No matter whether he lost or won
To him 'twas all the same.

He'd ante up, he'd pass the l:iuck.

He'd go a hatfull blind.
In a game with death Bill lost his breath

In the days of '49.

Another verse refers to Reuben Raines, a
vSacramentan, for whom the late Edward John-
son, a pioneer millhand of San Jose, some-
times acted as assistant. Johnson used to
boast of his connection with the Raines' out-
fit and would recite with gusto the following
\erse ;

There was another chap from New Orleans,

Big Reuben was his name.
On the plaza there, in a sardine box,

He opened a faro game.
He dealt so fair that a millionaire

He became in course of time,
Till death stepped in and called the turn

In the days of '49.

Rhoades was a consumptive and after a few
years' residence in San Jose reinoved to Santa
Clara, where he died about forty years ago.

Fred Sprung and Ned Buckley left min-
strelsy to become ranchers and neighbors.
Their homes were located on McLaughlin
Avenue near the Story road. Sprung was a
bass singer and interlocutor and in the olio
appeared as a negro impersonator. Before he
came to California he was a member of a band
of minstrels organized to give performances
on the Mississippi river boats. The band was
a small one, but each member was advertised
as an artist in his line. On these boats the
gamblers, always in force before the opening
of the Civil War, would frequently postpone
a game to listen to a minstrel performance.
On these occasions they would pick favorites
and the performers thus singled out would re-
ceive donations far in excess of the amounts
of their salaries. Sprung found it a happy,
easy life and was sorry when the war put a
stop to it. Fie died in San Jose about twenty
years ago.

Ned Buckley, endman and comedian, did
not stay all the time on his ranch. He had
business interests in San Francisco which kept
him away from San Jose more than half the
time. Finally he sold his ranch and left San
Jose for good.

Other San Joseans who have won honors,
either on the dramatic stage or in motion pic-
tures, are Edmund Lowe, Howard Hickman,
Ed. Jobson, Frank Stevens, George Hernan-
dez, Vernon Kent and Clarence Geldert.

CHAPTER X.

Distinguished Visitors to San Jose and the Santa Clara Valley — Bayard
Taylor's Day Dream — Political Orators — George Francis Train — Henry
George as a Detective — Bret Harte — Presidents Hayes and Harrison —
The Ovation to General Grant — Beecher, Ingersoll and the Old-Time
Orators — Gen. John C. Fremont — Ned Buntline.

Many distinguished men and Avomen have
visited Santa Clara County. During tlie '50s
Gen. Jcihn C. Fremont, David C. Broderick,
William I\T. Gwin, Gov. Burnett, Bayard Tay-
lor, J. Ross BroA\'ne and others came to San
Jose, sometimes on lousiness, sometimes for
pleasure. Bayard Taylc)r, the famous poet,
storv vriter and traveler, first visited the \'^al-
ley in the early '50s. In his "Pictures of Cali-
fornia" he thus describes what he saw: "How
shall I describe a landscape so unlike any-
thing else in the world? With a beauty so
new and dazzling that all ordinarv compari-
sons are worthless. A A-alleA' ten miles wide
through the center of which winds the dry
bed of a winter stream whose course is marked
with groups of giant sycamores, their trunks
gleaming like silver through masses of giant
foliage. Oyer the lexel floor of this valley
park-like gro\'es of oaks, whose mingled grace
and majesty can onh- be given by the pencil;
in the distance redwoods rising like towers;
westward a mountain chain nearly 4,000 feet
in height, showing through the blue haze dark
green forests on the background of Idazing
gold. Eastward another mountain chain, full-
lighted bv the sun, rose color touched with
violet shadows, shining with marvelous trans-
parenc}- as if the)' were of glass, behind \\-hich
shone another sun. Overhead, finally, a sky
whose blue luster seemed ta fall, mellowed,
through an intervening A'eil of luminous vapor.
No words can describe the fire and force of
the coloring — the daring contrast which the
difference oi half a tint changed from discord
into harmony. Here the great artist seems to
ha\-e taken a ne\\- [talette and painted his cre-
ations with hues unknown elsewhere. DriA'-
ing through these enchanting scenes, I in-
dulged in a day dream. It Avill not 1)e liing,
I thought, — I ma)- li^•e to see it before my
prime is o\'er — until San Jose is liut five days'
journe)' from New ^'ork. Cars, Avhicli shall
Ijc in fact traA'eling liotels, A\'ill sfieed, on an
unkno\\m line of rail, from tlic Mississippi to
the Pacific. Then let nie jjurchase a few acres
on the lo\\'est slope of these mountains cj\'er-
looking the Aalley and ^\-ith a distant \'iew of
the ]")ay ; let me Ijuild a cottage embowered

in acacia and eucalyptus and the tall spires
of the Italian cypress; let me lea\e home
\vhen the Christmas holidays are over and
enjoy the balmy Januarys and Februarys, the
heavenly Marches and Aprils, of my remaining
A-ears here, returning only Avhen May shall
have lirought beauty to the Atlantic shore.
There shall my roses outbloom those of Poes-
tum, there shall my nightingales sing, my or-
ange Idossoms sweeten the air, my children
play and my best poem l)e Avritten. I had
another and a grander dream. C)ne hundred
years had passed and I saw the valley, not
as now. only partially tamed, and reveling in
the Avild magnificence of nature, but from
riAer l)ed to mountain summit, humming Avith
human life. I saw the same oaks and syca-
mores, but their shadows fell on mansions'fair
as temples, gleaming with their Avhite fronts
and long colonnades. I saw gardens refreshed
by gleaming fountains, statues peeping from
the bloom of laurel bowers; palaces built to
enshrine the new art which Avill then have
bhjssomed here; culture, plenty, peace every-
Avhere. I saw a more beautifid race in pos-
session of this paradise — a race in Avhich the
lost symmetry and grace of the Greek Avas
])artially restored; the rough, harsh features
of the Oriental type gone ; milder manners, bet-
ter regulated impulses and a keen appreciation
of the arts Avhich enrich and embellish life.
\\'as it only a dream?"

J. Ross Browne Avas a traveler, who Avrote
descriptive, semi-humorous accounts of his
wanderings for Harper's Monthlv. His home
was m Oakland, but he loved San Jose and
its people.

Political Orators.

The political campaigns of the '70s brought
many distinguished Eastern and Northern or-
ators to California. San Jose Avas not slight-
ed and as spell-binding Avas the main stock
m trade of the stump speaker, the Califor-
nian.s received their full share of lofty periods
and flowery diction. .Vniong the orators Avho
came to San Jose were Hannibal Hamlin, Vice-
President under Lincoln; Julius C. Burroughs,
United States senator and the silver-tontnieci

HISTCJRV OF SANTA CLARA COLINTY

127

orator of INlichig-an; C.eii. W. v"^. ITancock, (^.ar-
field's opponent in the race for the presidency;
John A. Bingham, of Ohio, United States sen-
ator and statesman; Ex-Cio\ernor George L.
Woods, of Oregon, Thomas Fitch, of Ne\'ada,
and several others.

In politics the things done nowadays are any-
thing hnt on all fonrs with the things done
forty, fifty and sixty years agi). In the early
days there \\'as partisanship, |)ure and simple.
The line-np in e\ ery campaign showed the ad-
herents of one party in diametrical opposi-
tion to the adherents of the other. And those
were the days of whoop-'er-np, of intense en-
thnsiasm, of excitement, of deep sustained in-
terest. Street corners were the scenes of ani-
mated discussion. Often the ready fist shot
iiut when word of mouth failed to give force
to the argument. Tkit it Avas all in the play
and ^^dlen the curtain fell villain and hero shook
hands and all was ^\•ell as hefore.

In San lose the ^•erv strenuous political peri-
od began'in 1865 and ended in 1884. In 1868
Grant and Seymour were the opposing candi-
dates. Meetings were held, not in halls, but
on the street where men could congregate and
\vhere the best places conld not be occupied
bv the women, wdio were then non-voters. The
idea in those days was not to gi^'e a theatrical
performance to which one must procure a re-
served seat, but to talk to the people without
any other accessories than an improvised
stand, an American flag and a row of tallow
candles. On one occasion — in 1865 — no stand
was used, but at the intersection f)f Santa
Clara and First streets, mounted on a dry
goods box, the late lamented Thomas H. Laine,
afterwards law partner of John H. Moore, D.
M. Delmas, S. F. Leib and W. A. Johnston,
elociuentlv enunciated the principles of De-
mocrac)", while the yellow torches on the cor-
ners flared, their oftensive residuum permeat-
ing the air.

George C. Gorham, then a recently defeated
candidate for governor, afterwards secretary
- of the United States Senate and author of
■'The Life of Ed\\'in M. Stanton," \\'as Cali-
fornia's most remarkable stump speaker. His
voice was often heard in San Jose. He had
a most remarkable command of vituperative
language and a sledge-hammer style possessed
by no other orator in the State. He was the
first to advocate upon the stump the "Father-
hood of God, Brotherhood of Man" principle.

Citizen George Francis Train was, in his
time the best-known American and the strang-
est man in existence. Lie started forty clipper
ships to California in 1849, organized the
Credit Mobilier which built the LTnion Pacific
Railway, constructed thfe first street railway
in England, organized the French Commune

in 1870, \vas the business ])artner of kings,
cpieens and emperors, w;is in jail eleven times,
and, to wind up, broke the world's aroiind-the-
world record three times, the first time in
eighty days, a feat that gave Jules Verne the
idea for his captivating story.

In the earh' '70s he came to California on a
lecturing tour. San Jose was visited and the
lecture was given in the (')pera House, which
at the time of opening was cro\vded to the
doors. The historian will never forget either
the occasion or the man. His head \vas much
too large for his short, stuutly-built body, but
phvsical ayjpearance ^vas forgotten as one
watched his movements and listened to his
talk. Active as a cat and charged with dy-
namic force, he was never still for a moment,
but mo\'ed from one end of the stage to the
other, waving his chubln' hands and uttering
disconnected, chopp)- sentences in a manner
that compelled interest and admiration. He
was called a mountebank, a poseur and man
^'\•ith a screw loose in his np[)er story, Init he
cared not the snap of a finger for what was
said about him, but seemed to delight in the
caustic criticisms that followed him while he
\\'as in the limelight.

Before beginning his San Jose lecture he
said to the audience: "They say I am inco-
herent and that I wander from my subject.
Ma3'be these gentle critics of mine are right,
but I can talk coherently, and I will give you
something that will be to the point. First, I
^\'ill present a sample of coherent lecturing
and, following that, a sample of what they
call incoherent lecturing. At the finish you
shall say what style you wish me to use to-
night." Now came the samples. The coherent
one was dry and uninteresting and was re-
ceived in silence. But after the sample of in-
coherent the applause shook the building.
When quiet had been restored Train shouted:
"Now, what will you have?" "Incoherent,"
was the unanimous reply. "All right," Train
said, "incoherent it shall be." Then the circus
opened. The lecturer jumped from one sub-
ject to another, bursts of eloquence were fol-
lowed by clownish jokes, points at times were
driven home with sled.ge-hammer force, gems
of poetry were sandwiched in between lines
of exquisite prose and at intervals came epi-
grams charged witli scorn and bitterness, for
in that distempered brain of his burned the
fire of genius. Indeed Train was ^\■onderful
as well as strange, and it was eas)- to under-
stand why he was such a success as a platform
lecturer. After leaving California he returned
to New York, ran as inde]iendent candidate
for the presidency', defended Victoria AVood-
hiill by publishing extracts from the Bible,
an act that landed him in the Tombs ; threw

128

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

away his money, liehaved more extravagantly
than ever, and then one day closed his lips
and for fourteen years never spoke to man or
woman. Every day during this period he
sat on a bench in Madison Square, feeding the
birds and petting little children. At last
speech and activity came back. He made an-
other around-the-world trip, completing it in
sixty days, and then settled down to a hum-
drum existence in the top story of a New
York hotel. While there he defended his po-
sition in the following characteristic style:
"They say I talk as one out of his head. Why
should I not do so? How can a peanut con-
vention kno\v about a cocoanut? The pea-
nuts composing it have never seen a cocoanut.
They don't know what it is. The peanut con-
vention considers the cocoanut, deliberates
wisely and passes a resolution that the cocoa-
nut is a large peanut. And how can a cocoa-
nut find out what it is like until it has seen
another cocoanut like itself? I am a cocoa-
nut." Train died in 1903, at the age of sev-
enty-four years.

Henry George, the formulator and exponent
of the single-tax theory, wrote "Progress and
Poverty" while acting as editor of the San
Francisco Post. In abbreviated form the mat-
ter was first used as meat for a lecture, and
after San Francisco had been favored with the
radical views of the great editor, George came
to San Jose with his manuscript. Patrick W.
Murphy, city editor of the Post, was the busi-
ness manager and the lecture was delivered
in the San Jose Opera House to a small audi-
ence. But the expenses were light and no
monev was lost. George took the situation
good-naturedly, for he was a jovial, big-hearted
man, and declared that he was satisfied with
the sowing of the seed and would serenely
await the verdict of time.

While in San Jose, George was the guest
of J. J. Owen, the veteran editor and philoso-
pher. On the afternoon preceding the lecture
George was in Owen's office. Among other
things they discussed the local sensation,
which was of absorbing interest to Owen, who
was an avowed spiritualist. Strange, unac-
countable manifestations had been re])orted
from a small, one-story house on Fourth Street
near St. John. Spooks, no less, so it was
claimed and generally believed, had repeatedly
broken windows, thrown stones against the
building and cut up other queer and devilish
pranks. The lessee of the house was a well-
known citizen (now deceased), who was ut-
terly unable to understand why he, of all men,
should be singled out for these satanic mani-
festations. His standing in the community
was high, he had led an upright life and he
was not aware that he had any enemies. The
spooks — admitting that malignant spirits from

the other world had been at work — had oper-
ated at all hours, day and night. George
listened to the story, asked a few questions,
and then said : "Let's go down to the house
and investigate. We may stumble upon a
clew. I don't take any stock in this spook
business." Owen smiled but did not express
an)^ opinion. The historian, who was then
doing reportorial work for Owen, accompanied
the two editors to the house of mystery. The
lessee was not at home, but his daughter was
there. She smiled cynically as she bade the
trio enter the living room, which fronted on
the street. It was noticed on entering that
some of the panes in the two front windows
were broken. George examined the breaks
and then addressed himself to the girl, who
sat, sullen and defiant, near the door opening
into the kitchen. The door was closed and
there was no sound to indicate the presence
of any other person in the house. Owen
asked if the mother was at home. The girl
shook her head. She was rather attractive,
with her black hair and eyes, pale cheeks and
tip-tilted nose. P>ut her expression registered
resentment rather than pleasure, over the
coming of the investigators. Her story tallied
with that given by her father. The mysteri-
ous manifestations had occurred at all hours
of the day and night. She had no theory to
achance. The stones might have been thrown
by evil spirits or b}' some human enemy cun-
ning enough to escape detection.

After the inquisition Owen and George, with
this historian at their heels, looked into and
examined every room in the house. Nothing
of value as a clew having been discovered, the
three newspaper men returned to the living
room, the girl following them. She resumed
her former seat and listened with an amused
smile wdiile George and Owen discussed
spooks, politics and religion. At last George,
changing the subject, said to Owen: "Have
you made up your mind?" Owen was about
to answer ^\hen there came a noise as of the
shattering of glass. The investigators, quickly
getting to their feet, saw that another pane
had Ijeen broken. "AVell," ejaculated George,
"his spookship is considerate. That show
was given for our benefit. Thank you. Spooky.
Maybe" — he smiled at the girl, who sat star-
ing at the window with her hands concealed
in her apron — "Maybe this is a case of hoisting
by one's own petard." AValking over to the
^^'indo^v, he examined thoroughly pane, sash
and floor, then opened the front door and
stepped outside. He was gone but a few mo-
ments. Returning, he looked at the girl stead-
ily, accusingly. She stood the scrutiny half
a minute, then cast down her eyes and fum-
bled nervously with her hands, still concealed
under her apron. She did not lift her eyes

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

129

while George was speaking. "Miss ," he

saiil, gravely, "the stone was thrown from this
room, therefore — " Me paused and the girl
burst out: "It's no use trying to fool you.
How did you hud it <iut?" "F.asy enough.
The glass broken hv the smash is on the
ground t>utsi(.le and not in this room." Then
he added. "\\di)' did ^'(>u do it? You must
ha\e '"lad some stro)ig reason." "1 had." was
the low reph'. 1 ler story \\as soon told, Sh'i
hated the house and had been trying for
months to induce her father to move to another
place. Unable to inHuence him, she had hit
upon the device of scaring him into compli-
ance. The scheme might have succeeded but
for Henry George's astuteness.

The story ended, the girl fell to crying. Her
father would never forgive her. She had a
mind to run away and ne\'er come back. Her
life was ruined, and so forth, and so forth.
George \\'as kind and sympathetic. His sooth-
ing words soon dried her tears. There was a
way out of the tangle and he promised to find
it before he left town. He was as_good as his
word. The father was seen and after much
persuasion agreed to take another house, and
also ne^■er to reproach his daughter for wdiat
she had done. That ended the matter. The
manifestations ceased and Henry George left
town in a satisfied frame of mind. He had not
made any money in San Jose, but he had had
a fine time.

Bret Harte made several visits to San Jose
while he was editor of the 0\'erland Monthly.
One visit lasted several days. It was shortly
after the publication of his first book of poems,
"The Lost Galleon." He is remembered as a
small, dapper, elegantly clothed person, with
black mustachios and "liurnsides" and a pock-
marked face.

Mark Twain was in San Jose a few days
before his lecture. This was in 1866. His
controversy with AV. Frank Stewart, the earth-
quake philosopher, has been referred to in an
earlier chapter.

In the Society chapter reference was made
to the visits to San Jose of Presidents Mc-
Kinley and Roosevelt." Other Presidents who
came before them were Hayes, Grant and Har-
rison. Hayes was in the middle of his term
when he made the overland trip to California.
There was not much fuss made over his ar-
rival, though a large crowd gathered to listen
to his address, made from the balcony of the
Auzerais House. He was accompanied by
Gen. AV. T. Sherman.

President Harrison's visit was a flying one.
He alighted from the train at the Market Street
depot was driven rapidly about town and then
back to the train. He made one speech, short
and to the point, like all his public utterances.

9

The great ovation was given to Gen. U. S.
Grant on September 26, 1.S79. In honor of
the event business houses generally were
closed, the courts took a half-holiday, and the
city w;is given an attractive gala-day ajjpear-
ance. Nearly all the public structures and
business blocks were profusely and hand-
somely decorated with flags, shields and fes-
toonings of red, white and blue, while private
dwellings along the line of march were simi-
larly arrayed and bedecked. It was estimated
at the time that more than 20,000 people, in
holiday attire, awaited the coming of the man
who had reflected such honor up(jn his coun-
try. Military and civic organizatiims took
part in the parade, the late W. T. Adel acting
as grand marshal, with Capt. Ira Moore and
A. P. Murgotten as aids. The former resi-
dents of Galena, 111., Grant's old home, were
represented by Judge Chas. G. Thomas, G. J.
Overshiner, C. O. Rogers, O. C. Wells and C.
Bellingall. At the depot Mayor Lawrence
Archer delivered the address of welcome. The
reception committee consisted of W. D. Tis-
dale, T. Ellard Beans, Rev. M. S, Levy, Capt.
C. H. Maddox and J. J. Owen. The torn, tat-
tered and faded l^attle flag carried by D. C.
Vestal, as color-bearer of Phil Sheridan Post,
excited much comment, and its history would
not be out of place here. It belonged in 1864
to the Twenty-first Regiment, South Carolina
Colored Volunteers, commanded by Col. A. G.
Bennett, afterwards of San Jose, and was the
first LTnion flag raised in Charleston after that
city's surrender to and occupation by the Union
forces. Five color-bearers were shot down
\vhile carr3-ing it, and every hole in it was
made by a Confederate bullet.

General Grant and party, wdiich included
Mrs. Grant and Ulysses S. Grant, Jr., received
a pleasant surprise wdien the procession ap-
proached the Court House. Upon the steps
and platform were congregated some 500 chil-
dren, each one tastefully arrayed in white with
red and blue ornamentations and bearing a
small flag and a boucjuet of flowers. The gen-
eral's carriage was driven to the edge of the
sidewalk and halted. Then the children, un-
der the direction of Professor Elwood, struck
up the National anthem, ''America," singing
the four stanzas with such spirit and feeling
as made the ^velkin ring. At the close three
cheers were given to General Grant and then
came a shower of bouquets thrown at the car-
riage. After the procession had disbanded the
general was driven to the Fair Grounds on
the Alameda, where a running horse race,
against time, had been arranged for his benefit.
In the evening a banquet was given at the
Auzerais House. Mayor Archer presided and
Col. J. P. Jackson of San Francisco made the

130

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

response for General Grant. The following
\vere present :

Ladies — Airs. U. S. Grant. Mrs. Mayor Llry-
ant (jf San Francisct), Mrs. Mav(.)r Archer,
Mrs. S. t). Houghton, :\Irs. T. Ellard Beans,
Mrs. B. D. Mur].hy, .Mrs. C. H. Maddox, Mrs.
H. W. Seale, Airs. Knox-Goodrich, Mrs. Ira
Moore, Mrs. G. R. Baker, Mrs. F. E. Spencer,
Mrs. J. J. Owen, Mrs. Gov. Irwin, Mrs. Cole-
man Younger, Airs. L A. Aloultrie. Mrs. J. W.
Cook, Mrs^. \V, T. Adel, Mrs. Johnson, Airs.

A. L. Rhodes, Airs. J. H. Aloore.
Gentlemen — L. Archer, AY D. Tisdale, AA'.

L. Tisdale, T. E. Beans, E. AIcLaughlin, C. T.
Ryland, T- M. Braley, E. AIcLaughlin, H. H.
Hoffmann, H. B. Alvord, C. T. Parks, AA\ Erk-
son, J. J. Burt, L. G. Xesmith, John T. Ala-
lone, H. L. Cutter, C. C. Stephens. Alartin
Alurphy, T. AA'. Spring, D. C. A'estal, AY. S.
Thorne, A. AlcAIahon, AA'. L. Coomlis, L. Ein-
igan, li. AI. Leonard, J. P. Pierce, AI. Bvrne,
Ira Moore, R. E. Peckliam, J. AY. Cook, AY. E.
Ellis, AY. AI. Lovell, S. O." Houghton, C. H.
Maddox, ,S. AA. Boring, S. A. Clark, Levi Good-
rich, J. H. Flickinger, L. Lion, D. Belden, B.

D. Alurphy, P. AA'. Murphy. E. C. Singletary,

E. P. Reed. James A. Clavton, D. C. Bailev,
S. E. Leib, Geo. L. AYoods, G. E. Baker, A.
E. Pomerov, H. AA^ Seale, J. J. Sontheimer, J.
J. Owen. Allies Hills. N. R" Harris, N. B. Ed-
wards, J. N. Hammond, J. R. Lowe, S. A.
Barker, "C. G. Thomas, J. S.Seelv, C. X. Hobbs,

B. B. Thaver, L. J. Hanchett, J. P. Sargent,

C. E. White, AY. S". Clark, AA^ilson Hays, J. B.
Randol, AA-. T. Adel, A. AAHiitton, Coleman
Younger, AI. J. Ashmore, Jesse D. Carr, J. C.
Zuck, F. E. Spencer, C. C. Hayward, A. AA^.
Saxe, A. L. Rhodes, Geo. Rutherford, J. T.
Alurphy and C. G. Harrison.

San Francisco — LT. S. Grant, A. J. Bryant, J.
H. Smith, AY. AY. Dodge, A. M. Scott^ AI. L.
AIcDonald, J. P. Jackson, E. Danforth, AI. D.
Bornck, H. Brickwedel, John Wise and Henry
Pierce.

Lecturers from over the sea who came to
San Jose were T. P. O'Connor, Michael Davitt
and Timothy Healey, Irish patriots. From the
East came Robert G. Ingersoll, Henry AVarcl
Beecher, Theodore Tilton, Col. E. Z. C. Jud-
son, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Dr. Alary
AValker, Anna Howard Shaw, Anna Dickinson
Mrs. Mar_v A. Livermore, Dr. Alary AA^alker
and Oscar AA'ilde. The lectures oi Beecher
and Ingersoll were not far apart, l>ut their
speaking styles ^\•ere as far apart as the
poles. Beecher was ornate, flowery and
serious. He was elo(|uent in a lofty way and
his voice was a volume of musical sound. Fjut
he never thrilled an audience as Ingersoll
thrilled it. Ingersoll i)ossessed a personal mag-
netism more seducti\e than any speaker who
ever visited San Jose. At his first lecture,

gi\"en in Alusic Hall on First Street, the front
Ijench was occupied mainly by ministers of
the local Protestant churches, gathered there
out of curiosit}'. Before and after the lecture
they called Ingersoll a sophist, one who
touched insignificant errors but failed to sound
the depths of Christian philosophy as revealed
in the pages of the Bible. But that night they
\vere so carried away by the great agnostic's
([uips and quirks that their laughter, chuckles
and unconscious movements broke down the
bench upon which they were sitting, thus cre-
ating a diversion that greatly amused the lec-
turer and caused a laughable commotion in
other parts of the hall.

Theodore Tilton was stiff, stilted and self-
conscious. He had a fine command of lan-
guage, but his mannerisms, his posings and
his Conceit combined to create an unfavorable
impression. He came to San Jose just after
the celebrated trial in Brooklyn of the re-
nowned Tabernacle preacher, and his notoriety
— not his fame as a public speaker — had the
effect of dra^^■ing to his lecture a very large
audience.

Airs. Stanton produced an altogether differ-
ent impression. She was easy, graceful and
earnest, spoke without effort and made her
ijoints without artifice. Anna Howard Shaw
and Anna Dickinson were polished speakers.
Aliss Dickinson was the more dramatic.

Of the Irish lecturers, Flealey and Davitt
were serious and impassioned. O'Connor (Tay
Pay) was serious and witty by turns, and his
talk was therefore more entertaining than that
of his fellow-workers in the Irish cause.

In the '80s the annual encampment of the
National (^irand Army of the Republic was
held in California. After the session San Jose
was visited by a large number of delegates,
the number including Gens. John A. Logan,
C. S. Fairchild, and George Stoneman. At the
time Stoneman was Governor of California.
Before this event Gen. AY. S. Hancock had
been in San Jose. Of the warriors, Logan, as
a speaker, was eloquent, impressive and force-
ful. AA'ith his long hair, once raven-black but
now streaked with gray, his flashing black eyes
and handsome features, he made a picture that
was pleasing to look upon. General Hancock
was not an orator. He was over six feet in
height, ponderous and heavy, and moved
slowly, as if he found it an effort to lift .his
feet. He spoke haltingl}', but made a good
impression on account of his transparent hon-
esty and unaffected manner.

In later days came Josh Billings, Opie Read,
James AA'hitcomb Riley, Bill Nye, Geo. AA".
Cable, Geo. Alfred Townsend, Jack London,
Joaquin Miller, Airs. Alary Austen, King Kala-
kaua, of the Hawaiian Islands, Gen. John C.
Fremont, AA'illiam J. Bryan, Booker AA'ash-

HISTC)R^' OF SANTA CF.ARA COUNTY

131

ingtoii, Thomas 1!. Ivccd, and sc\cra1 iitlicr
notables \\hose names cannot ]>v recalled.
Bryan's tirst \isit to San Jose was made in
\S97, the year after he was defeated for the
liresidencA' b^■ \\ illiani McKinle\'. Tliere \vas
cjuite a demonstration when he arrixed xvith
James 0. Maguire, congressman from the San
Francisco district. He spoke at the Fair
Grountls before a large audience and after-
wards held a reception at the Hotel V'endome.
General Fremont visited San Jose a few
years before his death. He was the guest of
the Santa Clara County Pioneers, and after
sightseeing in San Jose the General and his
wife were taken to the Big Trees in Santa
Cruz County, A\here an old-fashioned enter-
tainment was provided.

One whose career was one series of sensa-
tional adventures and wdrose reputation dur-
ing the '50s and '60s was world-wide, stayed
in San Jose for several weeks in 1868. The
man was Col. E. Z. C. Judson (Ned Buntline),
who was the originator in the United States
of the dime novel. He was also the pioneer in
the writing of lurid fiction. He was a grad-
uate of the Annapolis Naval Academy and was
commissioned midshipman for bravery in res-
cuing a boat's crew from drowning in New
York harbor. AVhile in the navy he fought
seven duels. His fellow-middies refused to as-
sociate themselves with him because he had
been a common sailor. To enforce their re-
spect he challenged all of them, thirteen in
number, to mortal combat. Only seven agreed
to fight, and he worsted them all in quick suc-
cession without receiving a scratch himself.
One of his opponents was afterwards an ad-
miral in the navy. He was an active partici-
pant in the Florida (Indian) and Mexican
wars, and in the Civil War w^as the colonel of
a regiment of mountaineers. He was a crack
shot" and in the 70s, in a trial of skill with
Buffalo Bill, Texas Jack and a number of In-
dian chiefs, he easily proved his superiority.

He began to write fiction in the early '40s.
In 1848 he started a paper in New York in
order to further the cause of Know-Nothing-
ism, of which he was an ardent and reckless
supporter. In that same year he was sentenced
to one year's confinement in prison as one of
the leaders in the Astor House riots when the
adherents of Edwin Forrest, the great Ameri-
can tragedian, attempted to mob W. C. Mac-
ready, the English tragedian, as a reprisal for

iusidts hc;iped n])on ' iMirrest I)y A-lacreafly's
hjigiish frit'uds wliile h'orresl was lilhng a
London engagement. He \\'as one of the pio-
neers in waging \var against the pul)lication
and circulation of immoral literature. In 1852,
long 1)efore Anthonv Comstock was in the
field, he made complaint against an ofl^ending
|ud4islier. The ]jlace \vas raided l)y the police
and tons of olijectionable literature were seized
and Ijurned in City Hall Park.

Xed Buntline's first serial story a])peared in
1857, and for over twenty j^ears l^ear and In-
dian stories, war and sea romances, local nov-
els— in fact ever)' variety of sensational fiction
— flmved in constant stream from his pen. In
1868 he came to California as a teinperance
lecturer. He had been a hard drinker, but had
reformed. During his sta}- in San Jose he de-
livered one of his lectures under the auspices
of the local Good Templar lodge. Of the com-
mittee of introduction only one member is
now living (1922), the veteran lawyer. J. C.
Black, who afterwards served as district attor-
ne}' and was special prosecutor in several nota-
ble criminal cases.

After leaving San Jose Buntline started east-
ward, but laid over several months in Laramie,
Wyo., in order to obtain material for a new
series of wild west stories. Here he met Buf-
falo Bill, who had just completed a contract
to supply buffalo meat for the tracklayers of
the Kansas Pacific Railway, and whose repu-
tation then was mainly local. The two men
became fast friends and a short time after their
meeting Buntline sent the first Buffalo Bill
romance to a New York story paper. Other
stories quickly followed, and within a year
Buffalo Bill became the most talked-of person-
age in America. Not content wdth newspaper
exploitation, Buntline wrote a play called
"Buffalo Bill, the King of Scouts," and induced
Bill to appear in the titular role. The first per-
formance was given in a Western city. Other
plays starring Buffalo Bill were written, a
company was formed. Wild Bill and Texas
Jack becoming members, and a tour of the
country was made, San Jose being visited in
1877. After parting with Buffalo Bill, Bunt-
line resumed his temperance crusade, but still
kept up his story-writing. A large portion of
the money he earned was spent in improving
his country place in Westchester County, New^
York. He married late in life and died in 1886.

CHAPTER XL

Santa Clara County During the Civil War — Many Companies Formed —
Confederate Sympathizers Take to Robbery — The Fight on the New
Almaden Road — Excitement Over the Death of Abraham Lincoln.

Santa Clara County was loyal during the
Civil War, which opened in 1861. It furnished
both money and men to the Union cause.
Many thousands of dollars were contri1)uted
and placed at the disposal of the Sanitary Com-
mission, and more volunteer soldiers were ten-
dered than were required. The majority of
the volunteers were either retained in the
state or sent to Arizona and New Mexico.
There was no draft ever ordered in California
to secure her proportion of troops, while there
\\'as always a reserve of ^•olunteers. (jrganized
under the state laws, more than sufficient for
any emergency that might arise. California
was far from the center of government, with
a long line of exposed seacoast which, in case
of foreign complications, was subject to attack.
For this reason it was necessary that the great
bulk of the population should remain at home
for self-protection. Many men went to San
Francisc(.} and citJier cities, not being able to
enlist at home on account of the filling of the
quota. Some enlisted in the California Bat-
talion. Two San Joseans, W. H. Lawrence and
George W. Lee, joined the battalion and were
prisoners in Anclersonville. Mr. Lawrence is
still a resident of the city. ^Ir. I^ee removed
to Santa Cruz in 1919. (Jther meml)ers from
Santa Clara County were Abe W'ithrow and
Warren Wood of Santa Clara, and James
Hacket of San Jose.

Of those who enlisted in San Jose, there is
record of the following :

San Jose N'olunteers, afterwarrls Company
C, First Regiment, Infantry. Organized in vSan
lose, June 21, 1861, as folkjws : J I. A. Gorley,
captain; John Martin, first lieutenant; D. C.
Vestal, second lieutenant ; S. C. Thomas, third
lieutenant; M. Pulaski, first sergeant; J. H.
Murphy, second sergeant; Edgar Pomeroy,
third sergeant; T. J. Cuiston, third sergeant;
John Mulholland, first corporal ; W. M. Owen,
second corporal ; David Downer, third cor-
poral; Randolph Lea\enworth, fourth corporal.
The celebration of the Fourth of Jul}' in that
year was marred by a painful accident where-
j)y Gorle\', Martin and Ed Morton were injured
while firing a national salute. The company
was reorganized as veterans at Las Cruces,
N. M., Novem1)er 29, 1864. During the war
there were many desperate engagements with
Indians. Lieutenant Vestal, with his com-

pany, assisted in the capture of the notorious
Showalter and his band. The company, while
in the desert, marched o\'er 2,000 miles.

Second Regiment, Infantr}' — Organized No-
\-ember 29, 1861. The Santa Clara County men
in this regiment were generally credited to
Mayfield. T. C. Winchell was adjutant; Mont-
gomery Maze (afterwards a searcher of rec-
ords in San Jose), was second lieutenant of
Company A and C. P. Fairfield was first lieu-
tenant of Company I.

Third Regiment, Infantr}- — Organized in
1861. Served in Utah and Colorado. J. C.
Merrill was captain of Company B. There
were Santa Clara County men in Companies
D, E and G. W'illiam J. Colahan, deceased,
^vas in Company G.

Eighth Regiment, Infantry — Company C
was organized in San Jose in 1864. After be-
ing mustered in, the regiment \vas stationed at
Fort Point, California.

First Battalion of Mountaineers — Organized
in 1862. Served in the mountain campaigns
against the hostile Indians in California and
Nevada. George W. Owsley was captain of
Company B.

First Ca\alr},' Regiment — Compan}- E organ-
ized in August, 1861. Served in Arizona, New
Mexico and Texas. Engaged against the
Kiowa, Comanche, Navajo and Apache In-
dians. There were also Santa Clara men in
Companies I and L of this regiment.

First Battalion of Native Ca\'alry — Company
j\ was organized in 1863 by Captain J. R. Pico.
Ser\ ed in California and Arizona. The bat-
talion was composed mainly of native Cali-
fornians.

In addition to the foregoing troops, the fol-
lowing organizations were held for state
service :

F'irst Regiment, Cavalry — Company E: H.
M. Le(mard, captain; E. Vandyne, first lieuten-
ant; D. J. Burnett, second lieutenant; H. C.
Morrell, Jr., third lieutenant. Sixty men in
the com]jany, all armed.

Company I, Burnett Light Horse Guard — J.
K. Hall, captain; P. Henry, first lieutenant; j.
Chrisman, senior second lieutenant; A. J. Fow-
ler, junior second lieutenant. Fifty men in the
company, all armed.

Company K, New Almaden Cavalry — L. F.
Parker, captain; J. P. Dudley, first lieutenant;

^IIST()R^' OF SANTA CI.AKA COUNTY

133

H. H. Curtis, senior second lieutenant; A. V.
Foster, junior second lieutenant. l'\)rty men
in the conipan)-, all armed.

National Ivigiit .Vrtillery — S. ( ). TIon,L;hton,
captain: C. T. Henley, first lieutenant; jacol)
W'eiS'ant, junior first lieutenant; N, l'>. Ed-
wards, senior second lieutenant; F"<l\var(l l^add,
junior second lieutenant.

Fifth Regiment, Infantry — .\. Jones Jackson,
colonel; A. B. Rowley, lieutenant-colonel; J.
Porter, major; J. O. \\'anzer, adjutant; Chas.
X. Senter, regimental quartermaster ; A, J.
Cor}', surgeon.

Company A, Union Guard — Chas. P. Crit-
tenden, captain; E. J. Morton, first Heutenant;
George Evans, senior second lieutenant; N.
Klein, junior second lieutenant. Sixt)' men.
armed with rifles.

Company B, San Jose Zouaves — A. W.
White, captain; M. Campbell, first lieutenant;
F. B. Fuller, senior second lieutenant; AV. T.
Adel, junior second lieutenant. Eighty men,
armed with rifle muskets.

Company C. Alviso Rifles — Thatcher F.
Barnes, captain; John Root, first lieutenant;
Edward W. Williams, senior second lieuten-
ant; Charles E. Morrison, junior second lieu-
tenant. Sixty men, armed with rifle muskets.

Company E. Gilroy Guards — John H. Ad-
ams, captain; William O. Barker, first lieuten-
ant; W^illiam Van Gundy, junior second lieu-
tenant. Forty men. armed with rifle muskets.

Company H, Santa Clara Guard — William
H. Swope, first lieutenant; W. H. Menton,
senior second lieutenant; A. F. Harlow, junior
second lieutenant. Sixty men, armed with
rifle muskets.

Johnson Guard, unattached — John M. Mur-
phy, captain ; N. B. Edwards, first lieutenant ;
J. F. Faulkner, senior second lieutenant ; P. W.
Riordan, junior second lieutenant. Fifty men,
armed with muskets.

In 1864 a company of men, representing the
Confederate government, was organized for
the purpose of raising money for the Confed-
erate cause by robbing stages and banks in
California. Several recruits were obtained in
Santa Clara Count}'. In May of that year two
\A'ells-Fargo stages were stopped near Placer-
ville by this band, then under the command of
Ralph Henry, alias Ingraham. He gave a re-
ceipt for the several hundred pounds of bul-
lion taken from the stages, stating that he was
acting for Jefferson Davis. A day or two after
the robbery Deputy Sherifif Staples of El Do-
rado Count}' came upon the gang in a house
in the mountains, and without sufficient assist-
ance attempted to arrest them. He was killed
in the attempt. A man named Poole was
wounded in the fight and captured. The other
members of the band escaped. The captive

made a confession, in wdiich he named the
meml)ers of the .gan.g.

( )n the night of Thursday, July 14, between
nine and ten o'clock, three men called at the
house of a Mr. Hill on the New Almaden road,
a few miles from San Jose, and asked permis-
sion to stay overnight, stating that they were
lookin.g for some friends wdio would pass that
way. Mr. Hill directed them to an unoccupied
building close by, sa}nng that if they crjuld put
tip with such ])r)or accommodation they were
welcome to the use of it. The three men re-
mained in the building all night and all the
next da}-. Thinking that the actions of the
men were rather suspicious. Hill came to San
Jfise and told his story to the officers. Sheriff:
Jfihn H. Adams at once organized a posse, con-
sisting of Deput}' Sheriff's G. W. Reynolds,
Fred Morris and j. M. Brownlee, Marshal Pot-
ter. Constable vScott and Citizens Senter,
AA'iles, l)Owman and Gould, and proceeded to
the Hill ranch. The}' arrived at night. The
building \vas surrounded and Sheriff Adams,
in a loud Aoice. commanded the three men to
come out and surrender. But the men, who
were memliers of the Ingraham gang, had re-
solved to sell their lives dearly. Rushing out,
they commenced firing at the officers. During
the fusillade Jrihn Creal, one of the robbers,
received three bullet wounds, either of which
would have caused his death. He was brought
to vSan Jose and died an hour after his arrival.
Ab. Gillespie, or Glasby, another of the trio,
had the handle of his pistol shot awav, his
clothes were perforated with bullets, but no
"wound was inflicted. He ^vas soon overpoAv-
ered and handculTed. John Clendennin, the
third robber, after firing twice point-blank at
Sheriff Adams, and receiving a settler. in re-
turn, jumped over a fence and fled in the di-
rection of The AVillows, where he was found
about midnight, in a dving condition, bv Un-
der Sheriff R. B. Hall and J. R. Lowe. Jr.. of
another party who had gone in search of the
fugitive. He ^^'as taken to the county jail and
died the next day.

C)ne of the shots from Clendennin's pistol,
aimed at Sheriff Adams' heart, struck a watch
in the pocket of his ^'est and then glanced into
the bod}', inflicting a slight wound. Brownlee
received two flesh wounds in the leg. Creal
fired eight shots before he fell and was at-
tempting to use his pistol after he was down,
but was prevented from doing so by Deputy
Sheriff Reynolds. AMien found in The Wil-
lows, Clendennin had two revolvers and a bag
of gold dust on his person. It was believed
that the object of the three men in stationing
themselves on the New Almaden road was to
rob the stage as it came along with gold to pay
the miners on the hill.

134

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Amither member of the Confederate band
\\-as Jolnn Grant, who. having- had difficulty
with Captain Ingraham. determined to play the
role of a lone high\\'a3'man. In July word
came that he was in San Juan and would
shortly pay a visit to a young- woman who
lived near Forbes' mill, Los Gatos. Under
Sheriff Flail, accompanied by Charles Potter
and John Ward, went to Los Gatos and located
the house ^\-here Grant was staying. He was
in bed and the arrest was easily accomplished.
As the officers and their prisoner were prepar-
ing to leave. Grant, though handcuft'ed, seized
Hall's ,gun and rushed for the door, Hall after
him. Grant tried to use the ,gun, but the hand-
cuffs were in the way and he was seized just
as he reached the outer door. At the moment
of the rearrest someone of Hall's party fired
both barrels of a shotg-un at Grant, severely
wounding- him. He was brought to San Jose
and lodged in jail.

It was during war times that the Methodist
Church at Berryessa was burned to the ground.
The act was attributed to one or more mem-
bers of the Dick Baker gang of Confederates,
whose operations in aid of the Southern cause
\vere mainly in the line of horse-stealing. The
gang was finally scattered, some members go-
ing to the Southern States, others to Arizona
and JNIexico.

When the news of the assassination of Abra-
ham Lincoln reached San Jose there was at
first a stillness as if the population had been
stricken with mental paralysis. Then excite-
ment grew until it reached fever heat. The
residents were composed of two elements, the
northerners and the majority of the western-
ers who upheld the cause of the Union; and
the southerners and southwesterners, who
sympathized with the cause of the Confeder-
acy. Good, honest, substantial men on each ■
side, but divided in opinion by the effect of
early environment. yVmong the Confederate
sympathizers were many of vSan Jose's promi-
nent men. In the country districts the same
conditions prevailed. While the excitement
over the death of Lincoln was at its height
some of the southerners were so indiscreet as
to publicly express their joy over the death of
a man who had been pictured to them as a
human gorilla and a negro lover. The Union
men were in a majority and whenever an anti-

L'nion sentiment found utterance the speaker
was (|uietly ]daced under arrest. Several prom-
inent citizens were conveyed to Alcatraz
prison, San Francisco Bay, but their term of
imjirisonment was short, for after partisan
bitterness had been partially allayed their re-
lease was ordered and the}' came back to their
farms and Inisiness.

It was while arrests were being made that a
tall countryman passed the Auzerais Flouse
shouting, "FInrrah for Jeff." He was promptly
seized by indignant FTnionists and would have
Ijeen hustled off to jail if he had not made vig-
(irous and what seemed to be honest protest.
"Why, I'm no relD," he declared. 'T didn't
mean Jeft" Davis when I hurrahed. I meant
the milkman — George H. Jefferson. I was
having a bit of fun ; had been taking a few
drinks and wasn't at m3'self. That's true.
boys, as true as preaching." His captors looked
at the smiling face, noted the alcoholic condi-
tion of the man, and concluded to give him
the benefit of the doubt.

A short time before Lincoln's death a num-
ber of San Jose young men, born in the South
and filled with the desire to do something for
the Confederate cause, met in secret and con-
cocted a scheme to ride into San Jose some
morning after the stores had opened and there
were few people about, and rob safes and tills,
hoping by this daring operation to secure
enough money to take them out of the state
and into Confederate territory. The plot had
been fully arranged and all was ready for the
raid wdien the news of Lincoln's assassination
arrived. In the excitement over the event the
scheme was dropped. The story of it was told
to the historian years afterwards by one of
the plotters, a man who stood high in the esti-
mation of his fellow-citizens. He seemed to
regard the affair as a joke, though he was
glad that the robbery had not been attempted.
He died many years ago and not one of his
associates is now in the land of the living.

Times have changed since the days of the
Civil War. Nowadays veterans of the South-
ern Confederacy meet, shake hands and ex-
change reminiscences with the veterans of the
Grand Army of the Republic. Not only that,
but their sons and grandsons bunk and fight
together as Americans. This is as it should be.

CHAPTER XIT.

The Fruit Industry of the County— The Largest Prune Producing Section in
the State — History of the Development — Introduction of the French
Prune — The First Fruit Cannery — The Vineyards and Olive Orchards —
When Artesian Water Was First Obtained — Farm Loan Board — Cali-
fornia Prune and Apricot Growers, Inc. — Some Interesting Statistics.

Santa Clara County is the l.taiiner fruit-
producing- count}' of the state. In 1919 there
were 98,152 acres planted in fruit trees and
2,850 acres in vines. The total acreage of ce-
reals, vegetables and berries was 86,695. The
live stock numbers 62,248; value $1,288,175. It
is the prune center of America. More prunes
are grown in this valley than are produced in
the whole United States outside. In 1919 the
number of prune trees was 7,652,000. Apricots
came next with 665.000, peaches third with
482,000, and cherries fourth with 380,000 trees.
In 1919 the orchardists of the county received
about $49,000,000 from the products of their
trees. This was irrespective of the money
made b}' the canners and packers. The grow-
ers might not have obtained high prices had
it not been for the efforts of the California
Prune and Apricot Growers, Inc., an organiza-
tion perfected three years ago for the purpose
of creating stable prices and protecting the
orchardists of California. In 1919 it operated
with 75 per cent of the prune and apricot acre-
age of the state. In Decerriber of that year a
campaign to hold, if not increase, its strength
resulted in the securing of about 80 per cent
of the acreage. The association occupies a
large, handsome and commodious building on
the southeast corner of IMarket and San An-
tonio Streets, employs a large force of men
and women and does business every month
in the year. The officers are : T. S. Mont-
gomery, president ; W. A. Yerxa, vice-presi-
dent; H. G. Coykendall, general manager; H.
C. Dunlap, secretary and treasurer, and J. T.
Brooks, manager of Growers' Information Bu-
reau. T. S. Montgomer3^ H. G. Coykendall,
W. G. Alexander, H. C. Dunlap and A. Kam-
merer form the executive committee. The di-
rectors are AV. A. Yerxa, Princeton ; H. C.
Dunlap, Yountville ; Mark L. McDonald,
Santa Rosa; G. C. Alexander, Healdsburg; T.
S. Montgomery, San Jose ; H. G. Coykendall,
Cupertino; J. O. Hayes, San Jose; A. Kam-
merer, San Jose; Nathan Lester, Santa Clara;
L. E. Mills, Santa Paula; C. G. Hamilton,
Hemet, and W. J. Fulgham, Visalia. In 1921
a campaign resulted in giving the association
control of over 80 per cent of the state acre-

age lor the next se\en years. All the officers
were reelected.

As Santa Clara County is the largest fruit
district in California, it follows as a matter of
Course that it is the largest canning and pack-
ing district in the state. There are (1922)
thirty packing houses owned and oper-
ated by the California Prune and Apricot
Growers, Inc., nine affiliated with that organ-
ization and eighteen independent packers,
most of them operating in San Jose. There
are forty canning factories in the county.
One of these, the Co-operative plant, is the
largest in the world. In 1921 it absorbed
30,000 tons of fruit and employed nearly 1,000
people. In the busy season of that year the
combined county payroll reached over two
million dollars. A number of new canneries
and factories will be built this year, for the
business is increasing by leaps and bounds.
There are se\-eral dehydrating plants in the
county to take care of grapes, strawberries,
prunes and other fruits and berries.

Practically all varieties of fruits and vege-
tables except the tropical ones can be grown
successfully in Santa Clara County. The prox-
imity of the center of population and the ex-
cellent transportation facilities have been great
aids in the development of the valley.

The history of the fruit industry in the
county is an interesting one. The adaptability
of the climate and soil for horticultural pur-
poses became apparent long before the first
Americans visited the valley. The Fathers
who planted the Missions, planted orchards
at the same time, and found a full return for
all their labor. The fertilit}^ of the soil was
supplemented by a peculiarity of climate that
enabled trees to grow many more weeks in the
year than in other countries, while during the
season of rest there was no freezing weather
to chill their sap or delay their progress in the
spring. The result was that a very few seasons
brought orchards to a condition of fruitfulness.
All this was demonstrated by the experience of
the Fathers at the Missions, but even with this
experience before them, the early horticultur-
ists of the valley were astonished by the re-
sults of their work.

136

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

The Missicm orchard at Santa Clara was the
only source of fruit suppl)^ to the valley for
many years. It furnished stock for the few
orchards that were planted in the early years
of the American occupation. These plantings
^\'ere few at first, owino- to the gold excite-
ment, but when people began to return from
the mines the plantings became more numer-
ous. The scarcity of fruit and consequent high
jirices gave a great stimulus to horticulture.
Apples imported from San Francisco sold for
a dollar apiece, and other fruits in proportion.
The first orchards planted after the Ameri-
can occupatit)n, with tlie exception of a few
private trees, were b}' E. W. Case, William
Daniels and Joseph Aram. Case's orchard
was about 350 trees and was on propertj^ front-
ing on the Alviso road. Aram's orchard was
of twenty acres and was situated where the
Woolen Mills were afterwards built. Daniels'
orchard was about one acre and was in the
northern part of town, on a tract lying be-
tween Julian and St. James, Market and First
streets. Part of the trees planted by these
San Joseans were furnished by a man named
Ganz and were brought from Ohio. This was
in 1852. In the succeeding year Case and Aram
imported more trees from tlie nurserv of
Charles Hovey. Cambridge, ^Massachusetts.

One of the popular fall eating apples of Cen-
tral California is the Skinner seedling. It is
a San Jose production and originated from
seeds brought across the plains by the late
Judge Henry C. Skinner. He was one of the
pioneer orchardists of the city and one of the
promoters of the Santa Clara Countv Agricul-
tural Society. He arrived in San Jose in 1850
and purchased the family residence of Harry
l^jee at the northwest corner of lulian and
Nineteenth (then Fifteenth) streets. The
grounds were spacious, extending to Coyote
Creek, and were enlarged bv the purcliase of
!Tlan^• acres in what is now Fast San Jose.

In the spring of 1852 Cfjmmodore Stockton,
who then owned tlie Potreru de Santa Clara
rancho, which lies between San Jose and
Santa Clara, imported from Hovey's Massa-
chusetts nurserv a large numlier of trees for
the purpose of starting a nurser}-. AMtli tliese
trees came a professional botanist named vSliel-
drm, with P. S. Fox and Thomas Fgan as as-
sistants. Sheldon died on tlic Isthmus and
Fox took charge of tlie enter])rise, Fgan as-
sisting. "VA'ith the part}' came also I. F. Ken-
nedy as salesman and cfjmmercial agent. The
nursery was estal)lished in April, 1853, and for
some time "was tine depot for nurserv su])plies
for tJTe \'alley. The trees ciinsisted of apples,
Ijeaches, pears, plums, nectarines and apricots.
A\'ith this importation came also the first
straAvberries grown in the county.

In 1854-55 a Frenchman named Lavalle im-
ported fruit trees and planted them in both
nursery and orchard form on the property ly-
ing north and west of Julian Street and owned
by Peter O. Minor. He planted two acres and
afterwards removed- the trees to the west side
of the Coyote on the pro]3erty of the late Ed-
ward McLaughlin. In 1855-56 he had a very
large collection of trees in his nursery, which
he afterwards sold to H. H. Winchell, China
Smith and W'illiam Smith, and they continued
the nursery business for some years thereafter.
L. A. Gould and P. F. Walkins planted three
orchards and nurseries at Santa Clara at about
the same time. J. .A.. Ballou, who was at that
time employed in the Case orchard, and who
at ninety-fiA^e years of age is still living, says
that from the 300 trees planted then, about
800 pounds, mostly apples, were produced.

During 1856 the State Horticultural Society
held a fair in San Jose, and from the exhibi-
tion the reputation of Santa Clara County
fruit spread and people came hundreds of
miles to see it.

In 1853 a Horticultural Society was formed
in San Jose. The meeting for the organization
was held on the grounds of Louis Prevost un-
der a giant live oak tree. There were present
AVilliam Daniels, Louis Prevost, Louis Pellier,
I. R. Rontemps, B. S. Fox and E. W. Case.
Nearly all the old-time fruit growers became
members. The names of Joseph Aram, R. G.
Moodv, Davis Divine, L. A. Gould and John
Llewelling appear in the list. This pioneer
society afterwards united with the Agricul-
tural Societv. Roth societies ceased to exist
manv years ago.

In 1856 nearly all of these early orchards
had commenced to bear, and the quality of the
fruit and the promise of extraordinary produc-
tion gave these pioneer orchardists an idea of
the remarkable resources of climate and soil.
This }-ear stands out prominently as the date
of the introduction of the French prune to this
county, and in fact, to this coast. The fruit
has become a standard and will always remain
a favorite with orchardists. The history of its
first importation is as follows: Louis Pellier,
a A-ine and fruit grower of France, had come to
California in the winter of 1848-49. After try-
ing his fortune in the mities he journeved to
vSan lose in 1850 and purchased a tract of land
fronting on the west side of San Pedro near
St. lames Street. The tract was for years
known as Pellier's Gardens. Here he planted
a nurserv and orchard and cultivated ilowers
and plants. His brother, Pierre, had come out
a year before and was assisting him at his
work. When Pierre arri\ed he brought with
him the cuttings of some of the finest varieties
of grapes, among them the Black Burgundy,

HISTORY iW SANTA CUARA CoUN'I'Y

137

Chasselas Fontainebleau and Matleleinc. In
1854 Louis Pellier sent Pierre back to France
with instructions to go through l'iurgun(,ly and
other parts of the country and secure the l)est
varieties of fruit grown in each section. Pierre
was assisted liy his brother John, and two
years were spent in gathering stock, ^\'ilen
they returned tt) San Jose they had cuttings
of the Petit prune, Gros prune and many va-
rieties of cherries, pears and pkmis. The i'etit
prune at first \^■as not very popuhar, Ijut it \vas
finally brought to the attention of John Rock,
who recognized its value and soon popular-
ized it.

B. S. Fox in 1853 esta1)lished a nurser\' oi
his own on Milpitas road. He had with him
Thomas Egan and the acreage was soon in-
creased to 200 acres. Fox was not only a pio-
neer fruit gro\\er, Init a man of great scientific
knowledge. A large orchard was developed
from the nursery and to his enthusiasm Santa
Clara County owes much of its early horticul-
tural development. He died in 1881 and his
landed property was left to his nephew, R. D.
Fox, \\ho conducted the nursery successfulh'
for many years and then became connected
with the California Nursery at Niles.

In 1854 came James R. Lowe. He was an
Englishman by hhth and a professional botan-
ist. He had been engaged in some of the most
prominent landscape garden operations of the
English nobility and had come to the United
States to superintend some work for New Eng-
land nurserymen. He came to California at
the request of Major S. J. Hensley, of San
Jose. He laid out the famous Hensley grounds
on North First Street, which up to the time
they were subdivided into lots contained more
rare plants than any similar area in the state.
Mr. Lowe ■>vas in constant communication with
the superintendent of the Duke of Devonshire's
gardens, and hardly a mail was received at the
San Jose postoffice that did not contain some
rare plant, bulb or cuttings from the Duke's
gardens.

J. O. A. Ballon went into the fruit business
on his own account in 1856. At that time he
purchased the place on the Milpitas, after-
\vards occupied liv him as a homestead, and in
February, 1857, he planted about 500 trees,
principally apples and pears. In 1858 he added
1500 more trees. In 1861, he procured from
Louis Pellier grafts for fifty French prune
trees. From these grafts he had his first crop
of prunes in 1867. In 1868 he dried eleven
tons of fruit for tfie Eastern market.

The plantings in the celebrated Willo^^■ Glen
•district were commenced as early as 1868,
when W. C. Geiger set out a portion of his
cherry orchard on wdiat is now Willow Street.
In 1862 C. T. Settle planted an orchard of ap-

]>Ies and |)ears on what is now tlie northeast
C(irner of Lincoln and Minnesota avenues. At
that time this district was covered Ijy a dense
growth of willows anrl the hiwer portion was
subject to oxerfiow by the Guadalupe River.
The onl_\- road was I'd Aljra, since called Lin-
coln .\venue, and the main central j^ortion of
the district was owned by Settle, Cottle and
Zarilla Valencia. Settle was soon followed by
Royal and Ira Cottle, wdio also planted apples
and pears. Soon afterwards Miles Hills and
a Mr. Sampson purchased the Valencia tract
and subdivided it into ten-acre lots. The first
experiment was with strawdoerries. The ven-
ture was so profitable that it created great ex-
citement and soon everybody in The Willows
^\'as planting strawberries. The industry flour-
ished for some years and then came into com-
petition ^^■ith the strawberr}- growers on the
lowlands near the Iiay. Here the artesian wells
gave a great flow and The AVillows people
could not pump water and successfully com-
pete with their lowland neighbors. They con-
^■erted their berry i)atches into orchards.

C)ne of the earliest orchards of the county
was that of D. C. Vestal, on Twelfth Street
near the Berryessa road. It was started in
1854 and was devoted mainly to apples and
pears. It was on Vestal's place that the Moor-
park apricot was first propagated for market.
George Hobson, who had an orchard and nur-
sery on the tracts afterwards occupied by L.
F. Sanderson and now known as Luna Park,
had two of these trees, but held them in little
estimation on account of their irregularity in
ripening. From these trees Vestal procured
buds. and worked them into a few trees on his
place, \^^^en the fruit appeared he was so
greatly pleased with its size and flavor that,
in 1869, he planted three acres. His experi-
ments attracted attention and the Moorpark
came into universal favor. The Vestal tract is
no longer an orchard. A few 3-ears ago it ^^'as
subdivided into building lots and but few of
the old trees remain.

As there were varieties of fruit which could
not wholly be taken care of by the canners, a
company \\'as formed in July, 1874, to meet
the situation. It was called the "Alden Fruit
and Vegetable Preserving Company," and the
projectors were W. H. Leenian, F. C. Lee-
man, C. T. Settle, Ira Cottle, Roval Cottle,
Oliver Cottle, S. Newhall, W. AV. Cozzens, R.
C. Swan, K. D. Berre, A. D. Colton, Miles
Hills, J. M. Battee, T. B. Keeshng, M. Hale
and Pedro de Saisset. They purchased an
Alden evaporator and placed it at the corner
of the San Salvator Street extension and Jo-
sefa Street. During the few years of its ex-
istence the company turned out some good
fruit, but the machinery was not adapted for

138

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

the work, so the company conchided to retire
from business, W. W. Cozzens and G. A. and

C, F. Fleming afterwards tried evaporating,
witli marked success. The business was dis-
continued about twenty years ago.

At tliis time The Willows was the principal
orchard section of the county. The older
orchards of Ballon, Tarleton, Aram, Vestal
and others were north of San Jose and David
Hobson liad an orchard near Berryessa. The
orchards of Gould and Walkins were at Santa
Clara and there were others in other places,
but The Willows section was nearly all planted
to fruit and it came to be believed by many
that this was the onl}- section in the county
where the fruit industry could be successfully
conducted. There is a record of one man who
owned a fine place in Berryessa, who bought
a tract of ground in The Willows in order to
have an orchard. That same Berryessa farm
is now one of the most promising orchard
places in the valley.

In 1856 Lyman Burrell planted fruit trees
and vines in the mountains above Los Gatos.
This was the first planting in the mountains.
In 1873 an almond orchard, now absorbed by
the town of Los Gatos, was planted, and in
1874 J. F. Kenned}', in the hills east of Los
Gatos, planted a small orchard. In 1876 W.

D. Pollard planted twenty acres two miles
north of Saratoga and the next year the once
famous O'Banion & Kent orchard was started.
William Rice planted an orchard in the same
neighborhood. These men were looked upon
as fools. It was at first predicted that tlie
trees would not grow in such dry, thin soil.
When the trees did grow it was prophesied
that they would never have Adgor enough to
bear a paying crop. At six years old they
yielded about $500 per acre (a large amount
of money for those times), and then came the
predictifin that they would die out in a iew
3'ears. But as time passed and the trees did
not die, the scofl^ers accepted the facts and l)e-
gan to plant for themselves.

The orchard interests of Berryessa are not
of an early date. Following David Hobson,
with his small orchard, came J. H. Flickinger
and the real development of one of the richest
fruit sections of the state really began. The
story of the Berryessa development will be
told in the chapter relating to the prosperous
towns of the county.

In 1856 vSylvester Ne\\hall built a nursery
and planted an orchard in The Willows. In
1863 John Rock established a small mu'sery
on land near Alviso. He soon moved to the
Boots place and in 1865 purchased forty-eight
acres on the Milpitas road near San Jose and
planted a nursery of. fruit and ornamental
trees. In 1879 this place liecame too small for

his operations, so he piu'chased 138 acres. The
rapid strides of the California fruit interests
made such demands on the Santa Clara County
nurseries that in 1884, Rock, with R. D. Fox
and several other nurserymen, organized the
California Nursery Company and purchased
463 acres near Niles, which were planted in
trees and garden stock. The nursery, en-
larged and l)eautified, is still running, though
John Rock has been dead for many years.

The San Tomas orchard, a mile southeast of
Saratoga, was planted b)r T. W. Mitchell in
the early '80s. In 1880 G. A. Gardner pur-
chased the tract on the Los Gatos road on the
northeast corner of what was afterwards called
"Orchard Homes." Newhall's forty-acre
prune orchard was planted in 1883, and about
this time fruit tree planting was carried around
Campbell's Station and along the Infirmary
and Grewell roads. The Bradley prune orch-
ard was planted in 1875. The large plantings
north and west of Santa Clara, together with
those of the Doyle, Cupertino and other dis-
tricts, date from 1880. Following came plant-
ings in and about Evergreen and along the
Monterey road.

There are but few orchards in the immedi-
ate vicinity of Milpitas, but the hillsides to the
east have been utilized by Portuguese garden-
ers for the planting of potatoes, peas, beans
and other vegetables for the midwinter market.

It would hardly he possible to give the
names of the owners and dates of planting of
all the orchards in the county. Among the
biographical sketches in this book will be
found the experiences of very many of the
county's leading fruit growers, and these
sketches are intended to fill up the details of
this general history.

To wander among the great orchards in
summer, when e^■ery tree is bending beneath
its weight of fruit — purple prunes, golden ap-
ricots and yellow peaches tinted with the
crimson hues of wine — is to walk in a terres-
trial paradise like Adam before the Fall. Eves
there are in plenty, bright-eyed, ruddy-cheeked
daughters of California, who will tempt you
to eat your fill of the refreshing fruit, which
you may do without fear, within reasonable
limits.

As the orchards of the valley increased in
number and l)earing capacity, the fruit grow-
ers began to fear that perhaps the crops would
l^e wasted for the reason that no one had yet
attempted to preserve thenj for market. But
the danger was averted liy the enterprise of
Dr. James M. Dawson, the pioneer fruit can-
ner and packer of the valley. He put up th6
first canned fruit for market in 1871. From
observation of the superior quality of fruit
grown in the valley, he foresaw the marvelous

HISTORY OF SANTA OT.ARA COUNTY

139

possibilities of tlie cliniatc and soil for fruit
production as a factor of commerce on the
Pacific Ci>ast, and he also realizetl that for the
fruit inclustry to attain any importance it was
a prime necessity that means should be pro-
\'ided to prepare and preserve the fruits in the
immediate \icinity of the orchards. ActiuL';
upon these convictions and stimulated by the
•wise counsel and hearty co-operation of his
wife, he resohed to start a fruit cannery in
this valley, .Vn ordinary cooking range was
purchased and placed in a 12x16 shed kitchen
in the rear of their residence on the Alameda;
and on this the fruits were all heated before
being placed in the cans. The fruits were ob-
tained from orchards in the neighborhood and
the season's output, consisted of 350 cans
The next year the base of operations was
changed to San Jose, the cannery being lo-
cated in an orchard at the corner of Si-x-
teenth (now Twenty-first) and Julian streets.
AA', N. Stevens, a brother-in-law, was taken in
as partner. The pack that season was double
that of the first.

In 1872 Lendrum & Company, grocers,
joined the firm and a large building was erect-
ed on the corner of Fifth and Julian streets,
in which the pack of that season — nearly 800
cans — was made, A year or two later the
business was incorporated under the title of
the vSan Jose Fruit Packing Company, Dr.
Dawson being made president. The plant \vas
enlarged and the pack increased to 25,000 cans
a year. The business continued until 1878
when Dr, Dawson disposed of his interest and
retired.

In 1879 Dr. Dawson returned to his place
on the Alameda and resumed the business in
a moderate way in a building erected in the
rear of his residence. The following year he
took in his son, E. L. Dawson, as an equal
partner, the firm title being, "The J. M. Daw-
son Packing Company." The plant was en-
larged from year to year. In 1883 Dr, Dawson
retired. He'died in' 1885 and his son contin-
ued the business.

Another pioneer packing company, the
Golden Gate, was incorporated in 1877. Since
then it has grown to be one of the largest
fruit packing establishments on the Pacific
Coast. The plant is on Third and Fourth
streets, between Julian Street and Hensley
Avenue. In 1881 the entire works were de-
stroyed by fire. New and larger buildings im-
mediately succeeded the old ones and the best
and most approved machinery was secured.
Geo. M. Bowman w^as superintendent and
manager for over twenty years and at his
death the management was assumed by Elmer
E. Chase, whose rare business ability was
exhibited in many improvements and a large-
ly increased output. In 1917 the packing house

passed into the hands of the Hunt Bros., who
own packing houses in several sections of
Central California, Mr. Chase joining forces
with the Richmond Company.

The Los Gatos Fruit Packing Cf)mpany was
organized in 1882, with fourteen stockholders
and the following officers : Samuel Temple-
ton, president ; James E. Gordon, secretary ;
J. \V. Eyndon, treasurer; Robert Walker and
Michael Miller, directors. The institution
commenced work in a building 60x80 feet,
\vith machinery capable of handling 5000 cases
in a season. The plant was steadily increased,
new buildings were erected and every means
taken to meet the demands of the trade. But
dull times came, the company became insol-
vent and in 1888 went out of business.

During the eighties the fruit industry in-
creased by leaps and bounds, vineyards, pas-
ture and grain lands were converted into fruit
orchards until the county became one vast
orchard — the largest fruit producing section
in the world. In 1886 the consumers of fruit
in the East became convinced that the prunes
grown in Santa Clara County were superior
in quality to those grown in France. This su-
periority is due to two causes : First, because
the peculiar soil and climate of the county
induces a thriftier growth, a more perfect ripen-
ing of the fruit and complete development of
the sugar; second, because of the method of
curing practiced here. In France the process
through which the prunes are carried results
in cooking the fruit to a greater or less ex-
tent. This renders it soft and pleasant to
eat, but when made into sauce it loses much
of its flavor. In the California process where
the fruit is cured by exposure to the sun, no
cooking results and the fruit retains its full
flavor.

The present main strawberry section of the
county lies north of San Jose and Santa Clara,
toward Milpitas and Alviso, The first per-
son to go into business in this district was
Mr, Cary Peebles, who planted a few acres in
1868 on the place afterward owned by Mr.
Agnew at Agnew's Station. His success in-
duced other plantings and in a short time
the whole belt of country where flowing ar-
tesian water was available was engaged in
this industry. In late years strawberry cul-
ture has been undertaken north of Berryessa
in other sections of the valley. Large tracts
of land have been leased by Japanese and
Chinese and now (1922) the Orientals con-
trol the bulk of the valley's berry output.

The following showes the annual orchard
production of Santa Clara County: Apples,
10,000 tons; apricots, 25,000 tons; cherries,
10,000 tons; grapes, 40,000 tons; peaches, 25,-
000 tons; pears, 18,000 tons; prunes, 60,000
tons ; plums, 37,700 tons ; almonds, 200 tons ;

140

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

walnuts, 300 tons; berries (strawberries,
l)lackberries and loganberries), 65,000 chests,
(_)live industr^' fairh' large, ijroducing both
ripe pickled olives and olive oil.

Soil productions — Sugar beets (for refiner-
ies). 150,000 tons: beans (canning), 500 tons;
peas (canning), 150 tons; spinach (canning),
1,000 tons; tomatoes (canning), 60.000 tons;
potatoes (fall), 1,000 tons; potatoes (early),
1,500 tons; other vegetables (cabbage, cauli-
flower, celerjr, artichokes, lettuce, squash,
corn, onions, etc.), 2,500 tons.

Annual exportations, domestic and for-
eign— Canned fruits, berries and vegetaljles,
100,000 tons; dried fruits, 65,000 tons; green
fruits, 12,000 tons; garden seeds, 1,000 tons;
miscellaneous soil products, 2,000 tons.

Forty per cent of the prunes are sold in
foreign markets and 60 per cent in domestic
Tnarkets ; 20 per cent of the canned fruits find
foreign markets and SO per cent domestic
markets. The forty canneries in San Jose and
Santa Clara County put out approximately
one-third of the entire canned output of Cali-
fornia.

The total acreage of orchards of various
kinds of fruits in Santa Clara County, in
round numbers, is as follows: Apples, 1,200
acres ; apricots, 7,000 acres ; cherries, 4,000
acres ; figs, 40 acres ; olives, 250 acres ; peaches,
5,000 acres; plums, 11,500 acres; prunes, 80,-
000 acres, dried ; pears, 3,500 acres ; lemons,
200 acres ; limes, 10 acres ; oranges, 40 acres ;
pomelos, 10 acres : grapes, 10,000 acres ; al-
monds, 400 acres; walnuts, 1,000 acres; total,
124,150 acres.

There are 2,850 acres of vineyards in Santa
Clara County. The acreage has been larger,
but the rapid growth of the fruit industry
induced man}^ vineyardists to uproot their
vines and plant fruit trees. When the Pro-
hibition law went into effect in 1919 the vine
growers of the state predicted disaster to their
lousiness, but tlie result has shown that they
were mistaken. In 1919 the growers of Santa
Clara County made more money tlian was
made by them in any year while there was
lawful sale for their grapes and wines, the
demand coming from the East and Europe.
Now wine grapes are dried by dehydration,
several plants being in operation Of course
Prohilaition did not affect the sale of ta1)le
grapes. These are grown in the foothills
mostly and are of superior cjuality and size.

Befcjre the American occupation vines were
planted here and tliere through the valley
from cuttings procured from the mission, but
these plantings could hardly l)e called vine-
yards. The first planting of any magnitude
was made by Charles Lefranc at the New
Almaden vineyard in 1852. In 1857 he mar-
ried Miss Adele Thee, whose father Etienne

Thee, owned a half interest in a tract of land
where the New Almaden vineyard was after-
wards located. Mr. Lefranc purchased the
other half in 1851 and afterward came into
ownership of the whole tract.

Thee had planted a few mission vines on
the place liefore Lefranc took charge. The
area was then increased, finer varieties be-
ing added. The early importations were in
1854 and were made through the house of
Henry Schroeder, wdiose agent in France act-
ed for Lefranc in securing cuttings. The
first installment arrived and each succeeding
season saw additions to the varieties. The
Verdal w^as introduced into this country by
]\Irs. Lefranc in 1859. She l^rought the cut-
tings on horseback from the Canada Raymude
ranch and they were presented to her by a
Spanish nobleman who ; had broug'ht them
from the old country.

In 1858 Frank Stock planted a vineyard at
the corner of William and Eighth streets, San
Jose. He imported valuable German varieties,
among which were the Johannisberg Ries-
ling, Franklin Riesling, Tramina, Golden
Chasselas and Zinfandel. AMien the vineyard
was discontinued in 1869 Mr. Stock presented
his vines to Mr. Lefranc, who removed them
to the New Almaden vineyard. In course of
time the glut of French wine at San Francisco
disappeared and there came a demand for
more. Then Lefranc turned his attention to
wine making, his first considerable vintage be-
ing in 1862. He continued his planting until
he had 131 acres in vineyard.

Antonio Delmas, like Louis Pellier, was
an earlv importer of wines, his vineyard be-
ing on part of what is now Delmas Avenue.
Pedro Sainsevain also had some good varie-
ties at an early day. In 1868 Victor Speck-
ens had a vineyard of choice grapes in full
bearing. This vineyard afterward went into
the hands of John Auzerais, of San Jose, who
planted many new varieties.

Other plantings of notable varieties were
made between l868 and 1871. The Stocktons
planted the Gravelly Hill Vineyard, D. M.
Harwood planted the Lone Hill Vineyard,
Frank Richmond in the same neighborhood
followed suit and Ncirman Porter selected the
Cupertin<i district for a new vineyard.

This district, now given over niainl}^ to
orchards of prunes, apricots and cherries, was
once famiius for its vineyards. In 1848 Elisha
Stevens, who was captain of the Murphy party
in 1844, settled on the ranch, afterward known
as "Blackberry F'arm," and gave his name to
Stevens Creek. He planted four acres of Mis-
sion grapes on the creek bottom. He also
planted l)lack1)erries and tliis action gave the
name to Jiis place. Soon after this a Spaniard

1-|1S'IX)R^' OV SANTA CI.ARA COUN'IA'

141

named Novato, who hatl settled in the I'dot-
hills near Permanente Creek, phmted a few
euttini^'s from Captain Ste\ens' xineyard. With
the exception of a few patches here and there
that was all the planting- done until 1870. Much
of the soil was thin and covered with chemisal
anil had no reputation either for fertility or
endurance. Many grain farmers l')ecame poor
in trying to make a li\ing there and it was
considered a pure Avaste of time and money
to endea\or to obtain a li\ing In' grape cid-
ture. In 1870 S. R. Williams came into the
district and took a contract from AVilliam
Hall to clear the ground and plant 100 acres
in ^-ines and care for them for three years.
He did this and as pay received a deed to
fifty acres of the land. Williams was followed
by Portal, who set out the Burgundy vine-
yard and b}" J. F. Thompson who planted
forty acres adjoining. They were followed by
Hall, CTardner, \\Tight, Alontgomery, Bubb,
Farr, Blabon, Hallenbeck, Coomlje and others.
Nearlv all these plantings were made from
1880 to 1885.

Other districts were being developed wdiile
the Cupertino planting was going on. The
Union and Los Gatos districts, Evergreen,
^iladrone and the Collns districts, hills above
Saratoga and on the eastern side of the valley,
toward the Mission San Jose had many spots-
converted into vineyards. Most of the vines
on the San Francisco and Boyter roads, and
the foothills near E.vergreen -were planted aft-
er 1880.

In 1856 Lyman J. Burrell planted grapes in
the .Santa Cruz ]\Iountains near the summit.
He was followed by H. C. Morrell, D. C. Feely
and many others until the Skyland region be-
came famous for its fine output of table grapes.
For years hundreds of tons were annually
shipped to the East.

In 1919 there were 23,000 olive trees in
Santa Clara County. The largest and most
important olive farm is known at home and
abroad as the "Quito Olive and Vine Farm."
It contains eighty-one acres, is eight miles
from San Jose and is situated on the Quito
road near its junction with Saratoga Avenue.
It was formerly a part of the Jose Ramon Ar-
guello rancho and was used by him as a coun-
try homestead, and here, in 1865, he planted
the first of the olives, a small vinej^ard and
a fruit orchard. His death, in 1876, led to a
division of the estate and in December, 1882,
the olive farm passed into the hands of Ed-
ward E. Goodrich, a graduate of Yale and of
the Albany Law School. The development of
the place has been carried on slowly, but
steadily since that date. A few years passed
during wdiich time, the entire place was given
over to olives. The buildings consist of a mill,

with crusher and press arldition, winery, barn,
commodious houses f(jr the force of workmen
and other appurtenances of an up-to-date insti-
tution. In the process of oil making, Mr. Good-
rich So im])roved upon the work of the Ital-
ians that it was not long before his products
can-ie to lie recognized as superior to any sold
in the LTnited States. At the great American
exhibitions he took first prizes, while the sales
were never able to keep pace with the demand.
I'esides the profit of the oli^'e farm, the tree
has certain special attractions. By its almost
unlimited life an olive orchard is ever increas-
ing in value. B}- its hardihood it can oc-
cupy land not adapted to fruit culture and al-
most valueless for general farm uses. Mr.
Goodrich died on April 21, 1920. In August,
1919, he had sold the farm to G. Bruces, wdio
will continue the manufacture of oil.

The growing of seeds is carried on exten-
sivel}- in Santa Clara Count}'. There are sev-
eral companies engaged in this industry, the
principal ones being the Braslan Seed Grow-
ers Company, Inc., the California Seed Grow-
ers Association, Inc., and the Kimberlin Com-
pany. The P>raslan Company started business
in 1Q05, have seed farms covering 400 acres in
Eden\ale and Gilroy, and for years had large
g-o^'ernment contracts. The output of gar-
den seeds is now used mainly by the large
nurseries and seed distributing establishments
of the East, Europe and the Orient. The
warehouse is at Coyote Station, twelve miles
south of San Jose on the Monterey road and
the Gilroy line of the Southern Pacific Rail-
way. C. P. Braslan, who started the business,
died in 1910, and the company is now a family
affair, Mrs. Braslan being the principal owner.
The officers are Dr. E. O. Pieper, president
and manager: W. E. Evans, secretary and
treasurer.

The California Association, an ofTshoot of
the Braslan Company, ^^•as organized in 1912,
with D. G. Fisher, president; J. W. Edmund-
son, vice-president, and Miss Mary Williams,
secretary and treasurer. It has 1,000 acres
in tw'o farms in Santa Clara County and the
warehouse is located in San Jose near the old
narrow gauge depot. The garden seeds har-
vested find their way to all parts of the world.

The Kimberlin Company — C. R., L. M. and
J. L. Kimberlin — controls about 800 acres, the
farms being in Milpitas and Gilroy. Like the
other companies, the seeds grown have the
whole world as a market.

The citrus fruits ha^'e been cultivated in
Santa Clara County for a period antedating
tradition. C)range and lemon trees early
found place in the Mission orchards and many-
were brought to the valley by the early im-
migrants from Mexico. They were common

14^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

in the (Ujoryards and gardens of old Spanish
homesteads and Ijore alntndant fruit, though
not of the liest quality. Orange and lemon
trees of a Ijetter Aariety were, many years
ago, planted on the grounds of W. S. TvIcMur-
try and AA'. H. Rogers in Los Gatos. The>'
grew thriftily and bore well. Christian Field-
sted. on the eastern foothills, had an orchard
of oranges and semi-tropical fruits which
was a source of considerable profit. In 1880
Har\'ey Wilcox planted si.xteen acres to
oranges in the hills overlooking Los Gatos.
At six years of age these trees brought a large
harvest of beautiful fruit. As a rule citrus
fruits were not planted for the market, but as
an ornament and to furnish a home supph^.
For this reason imblic attention A\-as not called
to this branch of horticulture until the winter
of 1886-87. At that time the County Horti-
cultural Society held a citrus fair, at which
oranges and lemons were presented for ex-
hibition from 163 different localities in the
valley. This exhibition was made, not for
the purpose of showing citrus culture as a
leading industry of the valley, but to demon-
strate to Eastern visitors that Santa Clara
County possessed a soil and climate suitable
to the growth of these fruits. But orange
culture will ne\er become a very important
branch of the county's horticulture. This will
not be from lack of adaptability of soil and
climate, but because it does not pay as well
as other lines of fruit growing, nor is it so
sure or capable of being conducted with so
little expense. But orange and lemon culture
still continues on a small scale. In all sec-
tions of San Jose and in many parts of the
county, particularly in the foothills, may be
seen liardy and well-bearing orange and lemon
trees.

In aid of the farmers there was organized
in 1917 the Santa Clara County Farm Loan
Association as a part of District No. 11, which
comprises California, Oregon, Nevada and
Utah. The National Farm Loan Act, under
which the association operates, has for general
purposes the lowering and ec[ualization of in-
terest rates on first mortgage farm loans ; the
providing of long term loans with the privi-
lege of repayment in installments through a
long or short period of years at the borrower's
option; the assembling of the farm credits of
the nation to be used as security for money
to be employed in farm development ; the stim-
ulating of co-operative action among farmers ;
the making easier for the landless to get land
and the provision for safe and sound long-
term investments for the thrifty. The Fed-
eral land banks make the loans and issue their
bonds or debentures to investors. The na-
tional farm loan associations are organizations

of borrowers and through them applications
for loans are made t<i the Federal land banks.
The rate of interest is five and one-half per
cent, but a different rate may ])e charged if
found adA'isable. The secretary-treasurer of
the local farm association is required to col-
lect the installments from the borrowers in
his association and remit them to the Federal
land bank. Both interest and principal are
included in the equal annual or semi-annual in-
stallments throughout the entire period of the
loan. The farmer wdio borrows is required
to Iju}' stock of his local association equal to
fi\'e per cent of his loan. This stock is held
by the association as collateral security until
the farmer has paid off his loan. AVith the
money which the borrower pays for his stock
the association buys stock in the Federal land
bank's capital in order that it may make more
loans. In case of severe losses experienced by
the local loan association wdiich make it un-
able to meet its obligations, each borrower is
personally liable for an amount equal to the
face value of his stock. If loans are conserva-
tively made, it is claimed that no loss can
reasonably occur that would call for this five
per cent liabilit}'. If the banks make a profit
they will pay dividends on all stock except
that held by the government. The Santa Clara
County Association has for officers : L. Wood-
ard, president: F. ]\L Righter, vice-president;
L. P. Edwards, secretary. In the Madrone
district is another association, with Mrs. S.
M. Schofield, Woodard, Righter, R, J. Mayne
and Mrs. Agnes Schroeder as directors. The
count}' is also well represented by Granges of
the Patrons of Husbandry.

In the line of vegetables Santa Clara
County is in the front rank as a producer. In
1919 over a million cases of canned tomatoes,
string beans, peas, cucumbers and other odds
and ends, aggregating over 250,000 cases, were
packed, while as for onions, something like
500 tons were raised. There were also paying
crops of asparagus, lettuce, beets, cauliflower,
celery, corn, cabbage, squash, potatoes, etc.,
raised in the sediment soil along the creeks
and in other favorable localities.

As for poultry, of all the prizes awarded of
late years, ninety-five per cent went to Santa
Clara birds. Including chickens, turkeys,
geese and ducks, there were 17,220 head.

Dairying is also carried on extensively. The
butter output averages 500,000 pounds, and
over that amount in cheese. The southeastern
end of the county, around Gilroy and Morgan
Hill, is well suited to this kind of industry.
Alfalfa can be readily grown on the level land
of the valley, -where the water supply is good,
and as hogs and alfalfa go together, the same
conditions will apply to both.

lllSToUV ul« SAXTA CI.ARA COUNTY

14,5

The orchards of the euunty are irrii^ated,
sometimes from stream (htehes, hut mostly
from artesian wells. These wells were lirst
used in the \alley in 1S54, shallow wells and
water from the creeks sufficini;- for the re-
quirements of the earlier days. In January,
1854, when tlie Merritt brothers built their
l.M'ick house on Fifth Street — it is still stand-
ing— they commenced boring for a U)\\'er
stratum of water, seeking a stream that did
not act as a sewer fcir all the accumulated
tilth on the ground. The}- struck water at a
depth of iiftv feet, Init determined to go
deeper. At eighty feet they tapped a stream
that came rushing to the surface like the erup-
tion of a volcano. The hole was six inches in
diameter and the pressure was sufficient, as
]\Ir. Hall says in his "History of San Jose,"
to run a sawmill. The success met with in
this well induced the boring of others. In
the same month J. S. Shepard had a well sunk
on his place, three miles from town. This
well went through muck and clay to a depth
of seventy-five feet and a stratum of sand.
Five feet in this sand water was struck and,
although the pipe rose sixteen feet above the
surface of the ground, the -water came out of
the top as though forced by powerful machin-
ery. During the next month T. Meyers bored
a 'well and obtained a plentiful supply of
water. But the greatest -well in the history
of the county was bored in August of the
same year by G. A. Dabney, near San Fer-
nando'Street. Mr, Hall thus describes it:
"After boring six feet the auger entered a bed
of clav, through which, a distance of fifty-four
feet, it penetrated, when the water rushed up
with a force unknown here in well-boring. It
flooded the surrounding lands so that it be-
came a serious question how the water should
be disposed of. The City Council declared it
a nuisance and passed an ordinance directing
Dabnev to stop or control the flow of water,
and if' not, he should pay a fine of $50 for
everv day he allowed it thus to run. The
ordinance had no effect on the dynamical
properties of the water, nor any on Dabney ;
for about six weeks it flowed on, rising nine
feet above the surface of the ground, when
other .wells bored in that vicinity lessened
its force and volume. It was a curiosity and
received visitors daily."

After this demonstration of the fact that
artesian water could be had, there was no
more complaint of the lack of this necessary
fluid. The old acequm fell into disuse and
finally disappeared. Wells were sunk in vari-
ous localities and always with good results,
but as the wells accumulated the force of
the flow was somewhat diminished. The first
irrigating was done on the lower land north

of town. At one lime the (.'alifornia Invest-
ment Company, which had ac(juired several
thousand acres of salt marsh land along the
sill ire of the bay, attempted t(i reclaim it by
means of artesian \\'e]ls. The project was to
build lex'ees around their property to shut
out the sea, pump out the salt water and re-
place it with fresh artesian water. They went
so far as to bore many ^ve11s, l)ut abandoned
the project, either because it ^vas im])ractica-
ble or on account of the exjjense. The wells,
howe\er, were a great source of annoyance to
the people li\ing in the north. Being allowed
to flow continually, the water in other wells
was lowered and many ceased to flow at all.
The matter became so disastrous that an act
was passed by the Legislature declaring it a
.nisdemeanor to permit artesian wells to re-
train uncapped wdien not in use. After much
labor this law w-as enforced and the injured
w-ells recovered their vigor.

Many attempts ha^•e been made to trace and
locate the artesian belt, but it is continually-
being struck outside these locations, and no
one cares to risk his reputation by saying
w-here it is not. It was at first thought to lie
exclusively between San Jose and the bay,
following the lower levels of the valley. In
1870 artesian water was supposed to have
been found in the San Felipe tract southeast
of Gilroy. But one night a well, windmill and
tank, house and frame, on the property of Mr,
Buck disappeared from sight and the longest
sounding line w-as unable to discover the
whereabouts of the missing improvements.
This indicated that the supply was a lake and
not an ordinarj' stream. In 1887 flowing arte-
sian w-ater was found at Gilroy and the neigh-
borhood w-as afterw-ard successfully developed.
W^ith all these facts understood, there can be
no doubt that artesian water can be found at
any point in the valley, not excepting the
higher grounds near the foothills.

The Farm Owners and Operators' Associa-
tion was organized in 1919 for the purpose of
becoming a part of a state organization. A
constitution has already been prepared and
when in operation the various branches in the
state will become as units. The object of the
association is to protect the farmers and orch-
ardists and at the same time promote their in-
terests. The officers are : J. J. McDonald,,
chairman; T. D. Landels, vice-chairman; Mary
P. Richter, secretary: B. T. McCurdy, treas-
urer. Board of trustees — Robert Britton, Mor-
gan Hill ; Frank Stevens, Coyote ; Luther Cun-
ningham, Saratoga ; J. H. Harkness, Morgan
Hill ; J. H. Fair, San Jose ; lohn Hassler,
San Jose: A. R. McClay, San Jose; H. F,
Curry, San Jose; Albert M. Foster, San Jose;
John W. Shaw, San Jose ; Arthur P. Free-

144

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

man, Lawrence ; A. \V. Greathead, San Jose ;
T. J. Herndon, CampbeH ; vS. T. Johnson, Cup-
ertino ; E. K. Clendenning, Campbell ; J. K.
Durst, Sunnyvale; E. L. Fellow, Santa Clara;
R. T. Van Orden, Mountain View; Lewis H.
Britton, Morgan Hill; V. T. McCurdy, Santa
Clara ; F. C. Willson, Sunnyvale. Although
organized but three years, the association has
done considerable work. It has l)een instru-
mental in equalizing fruit tree assessments.
It has also materially assisted in the move-
ment for conser\'ing the water of the valley.
In 1920 it took up the county season labor
problem and is now receiving the hearty sup-
port of the canneries and packing houses.

The Fruit Growers of California Associa-
tion, Inc., was organized in 1919 and is a sort
of detached auxiliary of the California Prune
and Apricot Growers, Inc. It handles green
fruit only and sells to canners and ships to
Eastern buyers. It does for the green fruit
what the dried fruit operators do for dried
fruit. R. P. Van Orden of Mountain View is
president, and J. U. Porter is acting secretary.
The directors and I. O. Rhodes, C. C. Spauld-
ing, A. C. Gordon, James Mills, H. N. Schroe-
der, Herman A. Clark, W. E. Moore, L. E.
Walker and E. R. Clendenning. Every fruit
section of the county is represented in the di-
rectorate. Mr. Bone, who was the first sec-
retary, was one of the leaders in the organiza-
tion of the California Prune and Apricot
Growers, Inc., and for two years was its sec-
retary.

The California Prune and Apricot Growers,
Inc., have organized growers', packing and
warehouse associations with plants in Santa
Clara County as follows: Plant No. 1, Camp-
bell; No. 2, Morgan Hill; No. 3, Gilroy; No. 4,
San Jose, Fourth and Lewis streets ; No. 6,
San Jose ; No. 7, Vasona, Los Gatos ; No. 8,
Mountain View ; No. 10, San Jose ; No. 11, San
lose, Cinnebar and Senter streets; No. 13, Los
Gatos; No. 14, Lincoln Avenue, San Jose.
They also have plants in \arious sections of
the state, and the list extended to f(jrty in 1921.
The following packers of the county are af-
filiated with the association: Plant No. 14,
[. W. Chilton c^ Co., San Jose; No. 15, J. B.
Inderrieden Co., San Jose; No. 16, Pacific
Fruit Products Co., San Jose; No. 17, Warren
Dried Fruit Co., San Jose; No. 22, Geo. E.
Hyde & Co., Cani])l)ell ; No. 37, Warren E.
Hyde, S. E. Johnson, Cupertino; No. 38, West
Side Fruit Growers' Association, Cupertino.
In addition to the above, there will be estab-
lished at numerous points in the state receiv-
ing stations. Growers' Packing and Ware-
housing Association, Inc., has already nego-
tiated the purchase of several properties nec-
essary for these plants.

Contracts for handling fruit have been made
with the green fruit buyers of the county. The
independent packers of the county are as fol-
lows : San Jose — C. H. Anderson, J. K. Arms-
hy. Castle liros., California Fruit Canners' As-
sociation, California Packing Corporation
plants Nos. 50, 51 and 52; Earl Fruit Com-
pany, Golden Gate Packing Company, J. C.
Moore, Guggenheim Packing Company, Rich-
mond-Chase Company, Polak Packing Com-
pany, Wayne Packing Company. Campbell —
Ainsley Packing Company. Saratoga — Soro-
sis Fruit Company. Santa Clara — Block &
Company. Sunnyvale — J. K. Armsby.

Following are the fruit and vegetable can-
neries of Santa Clara County: Alviso — Bay-
side Canning Compan}-. Campbell — Ainsley
Canning Company, California Canneries, Geo.
E. Hyde & Company, Gilroy — H. A. Baker
Cannery, Felice & Perelli Canning Company.
Los Gatos — Hunt Brothers. Mayfield — Foon
Canning Compan}'. Milpitas — California Pack-
ing Corporation. Mountain View — Concen-
trated Tomatoes Company, John W. McCar-
thy, Jr., & Co. Santa Clara — Pratt-Low Pre-
serving Company. Sunnyvale — California Sup-
plies Company, Libby, McNeil & I^ibby, Srm-
nyvale Canneries. San Jose — Alba Canning
Company, Beechnut Company of California,
Bisceglia Brothers & Company, California
Growers' /\ssocation, California Prune and
Apricot Growers, Inc. ; California Packing Cor-
poration (two plants), Contadina Canning
Company, Di Fiore Canning Company, Flick-
inger & Company, Greco Canning Company,
Golden Gate Packing Company, Herljert Pack-
ing Company, Italian Canning Company, J. F.
Pyle & Son, Richmond-Chase Company, Sal-
sina Canning Company, San Jose Canning
Company, Shaw Family, Inc. ; Sunlight Pack-
ing Company, Wool Canning Company, De-
hydrating Plant, Spolster & Company; Banks'
Evaporator.

Following are Santa Clara County statistics
up to Decemljer, 1921 :

Area, acres... 867,200

County area, square miles. 1,355

Numlier of farms and orchards 23,900

Number of acres assessed 743,822

Tax Rates

County ta.K rate (outside incor-
porated cities) $ 2.15

San Jose ta.x rate — City, $1.52;
county (inside cities), $1.72;
schools, $1.15; total 4.48

County Assessment

County real estate $ 31,932,740

Improvements on same.. 13,169,670

Imp'ts on property not assessed

to owners 26,795

HIS'r()R\' OF SANTA CUARA C'oUN'IA'

145

City and town lots.._,_ _ _ 18,4,i6,405

hnprovements nn same _ 15,5(y).400

Improvements on propert\- not as-
sessed to owners __ ___. JO, 800

Total \alne _ ,^ 79,155,810

Personal Property

Inside _ _ __ _____,.$ 4.687,550

Outside ...__ _..._ _ _ 4,412,495

Collected liy Assessor, inside 2,713,125

Collected h_\- Assessor, outsiile. . . . o22,230

Money and sohent credits, inside.. 281,160

Money and solvent credits, outside 137,345

Total personal ..$ 12,553,905

Total of all non-operative prop. 91,709,715

Operative Roll

Real estate $ 2.144,060

Imjirovements 297,955

Personal propert^^ mone^^ soKent

credits ...' ' 6.921 .045

Total operative property $ 9,363.060

Grand total of all property 101,072,775

Exempt Property

\'eterans, 605 exemjit; value of

e.xemption $ 533.255

Collc-e .]f Noire Dame 220,860

Cnnersity .,1 Santa Clara..... LSs'sSO

Stanford Cni\ersity __ _, 411,560

Colle.^e of I'acilic 48,400

Total exemptions... _ ___...$ 1„?69,955

Total pro]ierty, non-operative,

operative and exempt.. 102,442,730

Property in Road Districts

Road District Xo. 1 $ 8,295,525

^^'- - -^ - 4,750,410

No. 3....... 6.379,905

No. 4... _. 16,591,460

No. 5... __ 13,796,950

Valuation Incorporated Cities

San Jose __._.$ 27,411,825

(^ilroy _,... 1.064,225

Aiorgan Hill _ __.. 284,495

Santa Clara __.. 2,574,435

Dos Gatos __ 1,343.470

Sunn3-\ale 445 795

Afayfield __.. 4.84,175

.Mountain View 746,905

Palo Alto 4,347,675

Alviso 270,515

CHAPTER XIII.

County Government and Good Roads — The Transportation Facilities of the
Early Days — History of Various Important Road and Railway Enter-
prises— The Rise and Fall of Toll Roads — Early Modes of Transporta-
tion— First Telegraph Line.

There is no better index of the character of
a people than the nature of the laws and the
manner in which they are administered. .As
a rule the California codes cktsely follow the
codes of Xew York. 1:)Ut in matters of state,
anfl especially (jf count}", government there
are many vital differences. .An intelligent ex-
amination will show that all the best experi-
ence of the older states has been end.iodied in
the California legislati\'e laws, for hither came,
in the early days, some of the lirightest minds
in the legal profession at a time when the
law-s were ready to be made on the most ap-
proved plans. It is harrl to budge an estab-
lished s\-stem of government, even wdien its
defects are apparent. California, therefore,
having few laws and no prejudices in early
days, was ready to profit b}' all that had been

learned in the older communities.
10

Down to 1879. the state had mo\-ed along
under the constitution of 1863. l^ut the grow-
ing power of certain strong corporations and
the large influx of Chinese brought aliout a
re^•olution in ])olitics. The working classes
asserted themsehes and in 1879 a new con-
stitution was adojjted that radically changed
not only many of the A'ital principles of the
laws. Init at the same time provided great
clianges in the legislative branches of the gov-
ernment. Some of these changes w^ent into
elifect by the terms of the constitution (such
as the abolition of District. County and Pro-
bate courts and the establishment in their
]dace of the Superior Court). Init others, par-
tictdarly those go^•erning county and munici-
pay le.gislative bodies, recpiired action b_\- the
Legislature. Such actiijn \\'as soon taken, but
working under the new constitution was an

146 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA C(.)UNTY

ex]ieriinental lousiness, and the acts passed for schonl houses are handsome, well-built and

thiise purposes were declared by the Supreme commodious structures, with up-to-date ap-

Ciiurt to he uncdnstitutional. It -was not un- pointments.

til 1SS3 that a law i)roviding for a uniform At tlie head of the administrative depart-

sy^tem of county o-,,vernment was passed that mgnt of the county government stands the

stood the test nf the courts. Since then, sev- board of supervisors. "The county is divided

eral amendments, relating ])rincipally to into five districts on the basis of' population.

County officers and tlieir remuneration, have Hence it follows that some districts are much

been jiassed, hut tlie general system of gov- larger in area than others; some are wholly

ernment has m.t l)een impaired in the valley; others partly in the mountains';

.\s the constitution rec|uires that all laws some inchule the cities of the county, wliich

shall lie unifr)rm in their operation, and as ha\'e separate governments of their o\\'n and

special legislation nf all kinds is prohil^ited, manage their own roads, schools and taxes,

a general s}-stem of county go\'ernment is while others h'dvc tu lie adjusted and managed

provided; Init as some counties are mi;)re in the most s1<illful and intelligent manner so

densel\' populated than others, and as there- that common justice is done and a uniformity

fore tliere had to lie a variation in the number of pulilic interest preser\'ed. The system,

i:if count\' officers, the counties \vere di\'ided tlierefore, is far more complicated than the

into classes, according to ]iopuhition, the only uninfo)-med are aware of.

material difference in the laws for tlie various 'n^g l|.,ai-d is composed of five mendiers, one
classes lieing tlie nnndier of ofiicers provided . f,-,„i, ^..^r]-, district, the districts electing their
for, the law for the administration of the ,,\vn mendiers. These elections are so regu-
county affairs in all the counties being the latd that at least two of the members on any
same. This plan greatly simplified matters in elected board shall already ha\-e been in office
many ways, especially in the determination by two vears, thus securing'a constant quantity
the higher courts of vexatious problems that , ,f cx'iierience. This is a xerr important fea'-
occasionally arise. Nearly every problem of ture. .\ board comjiosed entirely of new mem-
consequence has already been determined, so ],e,-s nn'o-ht easily get into trouble through
that now the Inisiness of all the counties pro- n^istakes. The <luties of the board are intri-
ceeds on estalihshed lines. ^-^^^. \^ ,„j,,^t establish school districts, fix

The judicial branch of the county go\'ern- boundaries and ]iro\-ide money; it must take

iiient is the Suiierior Court. Santa Clara care of the roads, fix the ta.x rate, care for

County, according to class, is provided with ;uid maintain the county l^uildings, almshouse

three judges. They divide the work between and infirinar\- ; |iro\dde for the inspection of

themseh'es, handling jirobate, civil and crim- orcliards, for the care of the county sick, infirm

inal cases. The officers of the Superir)r Court and ]ioor ; make iirovision for every need of

are the county clerk, sheriff and district at- the count}", fill \acancies in county offices, de-

tornev. These. i')f cc]urse, and es]iecialh' the clare the result of county elections, make ap-

clerk. ha\'e multifarious duties ai)art from tliCise propriations for \'arious humanitarian and

appertaining to the court. Santa Clara County other ])urposes, sit as a board of equalization,

is Republican in politics, but in county elec- and perform such other duties as liefit the

tions politics cuts small figure, so that the guardian of the county's welfare. The mainte-

offices are diA'ided Ijetween the Republicans nance and estalilishment of good roads is one

and the Democrats. In 1920 the Republicans of the most important of the board's duties,

held the sherifl^'s, the surveyor's, the treasur- and it may lie said without fear of contradic-

er's, the superintendent of schools' and the tit)n that in no count}- of the state has this

coroner's offices, while the Democrats held work lieen more satisfactorily carried out.

the offices of clerk, tax collector, assessor, dis- The preliminaries for road work are entrusted

trict attorney and auditor. All the officers to the count}- sur\-eyor. During the incum-

hold four years, except the judges, who hold bencv of vSurveyor Irving Ryder ('se\'en years)

si-x A'ears. ninety-eight miles of paved roads have been

The board oi supervisors takes care of the completed and in 1922 contracts were let for

finances of the county schools. The county sixteen additional miles. Before his time the

superintendent is Miss'Agnes E. Howe and the county had lint twenty-two miles of completed

following are the members of the county board paved roads. This does not include the state

of education : Francis Gallimore, Santa Clara ; highway of about seventy-five miles, which

I E. Hancock (president), San jose; Robert runs from Palo Alto on the northwest side of

Loosem..re, Los <',atos; W. P. Cramsie, San the bay to San Jose and on to the southern end

jose: Agnes F. Howe (secretary ) , San Jose, of the count}- at Sargent's Station ; and from a

There are ninetv-one schools and .TSO teachers short distance ])eyond Milpitas on the north to

in the count}-, exclusive of San Jose. The San Jose and on to Los Gatos. The beginning

HISTORV 0\< SANTA ChAUA CoUX'IA' 1-+7

(if Uie yoocl roails iiu)\ enu'ut canu' with tlic llieiicc lo the ri.L;ht of Lucencia Hij^'uera's

advent of the aiitonuibile. At hrst the super- raiicli throii.^h the Mission (jf San Jose to the

\isors made experiments in road paxini;-, but conut\- line, where the road crosses the Ar-

all pro\ed failures until the present concrete ro)ii 1 )elma)'a at Sunol's ranch,

system was tried. Nearly all the roads in the "Second -.Mso a road commencing at the

county are paved with concrete. Other ma- Citv of San fose, at Inrst or Alonterey Street,

terial, oil macadam, is used on some of the and runnim;- where the road now runs to San

orchard roads and excellently answers all pur- )uan, untd it reaches the county line,

poses. Durino- the fiscal year 1919-1')20 the " ■•'phi,-,i_Also a road commencint,^ at the

road and hrulKe improvements of the county ^'■^^. ,,f ^^.„^ j,,^^._ .^^ ^,^„t^^ (^'i^ra Street, and

cost $.-182,000. runnin,i,f where the present road no\v runs, to

The history of road building in Santa Clara tdie Mission of Santa Clara, and from thence,

County shows that the matter of furnishing by the left-hand road, to the old Indian village,

easy and con\enient means of communication thence b}- Pmsard's to S. Ivobles', and from

between the ditTerent sections of the county thence to \\'here the jiresent road runs to the

has been an important cpiestion liefore the cl^unt^■ line.

count}' go\-ernment since its organization. The "l-'ourth — .Also a road commencing at the

demand for good roads has been met, almost City of San Jose, at vSanta Clara Street, and

before it ^\•as expressed, and the result of this tn run where the present road now runs, to

policy, long continued with a liberal spirit, is Santa Cruz, through Fernandez' ranch, by

seen in the liroad, smooth, \\'ell-kept paved Jones' mill to the count)' line." 'J'he Jones'

highways reaching to e\'ery part of the valle>', niill referred to is the |)resent town of Los

winding through the orchards, among the foot- C,atf)S.

hills and e.xtending ci\'er the mountains. These 'Jdie third sjiecihcation in the order above
roads are watered during the summer months, set forth refers to the road to San Francisco,
making them always comfortaljle for tra\-el. S. Jvobles' ranch being the present town of
liefore the Americans came into possession Mountain \'iew. The rtjad includes the Ala-
in Santa Clara Countv, there \vere practicallv meda, famous in song and story. This avenue
no roads. Travel was chiefl^' performed on was laid out by the Fathers of the Mission of
horseliack, and for this a narrow trail was suf- Santa Clara. The trees were planted by
ticient. A\'here the ox-carts ran there were Father Catala, the work being performed by
tracks a little wider, but thev had no legal ex- the Indians under his instruction. There were
istence as roads. There being no fences and originally three rows of trees, one on each
the countrv being used mainlv for grazing, side and one in the center. The ground was
there was no necessitv for the warning to moist and full of adobe, which, when wet,
"keep oti the grass," and in going from' one made traveling troublesome. Ditches were
point to the other, the route was generallv an made for the purpose of drainage, but they
air-line, except where intervening water but impA'fectly accomplished their object,
courses' compelled the traveler to seek an easy The shade of the trees excluded the sunshine
ford or crossing, or where opposing hills re- and prevented e\-aporation. While during the
quired a circuit to be made. Even when summer months the Alame_da was a ^ most
wagons first came into use, this system was charming drive, for four or five mr.nths m the
kept up, and in the ^yinter time,' when the year it was almost impassable for vehicles,
ground was wet and soft, the wagon tracks Travelers passing between Santa Clara and
ran parallel to each other to such an extent San Jose were compelled to seek the side of
that it was a common saving that the road the road and often make a circuit of four or
from San Jose to San Francisco was three five miles. After dark it was not unusual for
miles wide" With the Americans came a dif- people to lose their way and be compelled to
ferent system. About the first order made by pass the night m the open air.
the county government after its organization lo meet this trouble the county government
was in refer^ence to public roads. The order opened another road by way of wdrat is now
is of interest, as it established the first high- known as Lnion Avenue^back 5; ^he Fair
ways in the county. It was made bv the Court Grounds, now Hanchett Paik. This d d not
of Sessions on Tuly 6. 1850, and is as follows: entirely obviate the ditticulties, and m 186^ a
"It IS ordered by the court that the follow- franchise was granted to a company called
in^ roads be, and' they are hereby declared "The Alameda Turnpike Company, granting
, . , •.i-;._ 1 f„^ +1,^ rr„,,-.)-,r r,-f it the nrivi eye ot collectm" toll on tlie Ala-

pull highways within and for the County of it the privilege of collecting toll on the Ala-

Q f, rur. to wit- meda, the company to keep the road in good

^'"ptrst^A road commencing at the City of condition for travel. This company erected

San lose and running where the present road gates, but owing to the nature o the soil

now runs bv lames Murphy's, and from eould never make the road good m all its parts

H8 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

at all seasons. Many complaints were made road and park, a tax was provided for all prob-
and finally, in 1868. the county purchased the erty in the city and all property lying within
franchise of the company and declared the three-cpiarters of a mile on each side of the
road free. The i)rice paid by the county was proposed avenue. This tax was to be ten cents
$17.7,^7.50. In 1870 the report went abroad on the hundred dollars for the first year and
that the road occupied more grcwmd than be- hye cents per year for the next three years, to
longed to it, and that several feet on the south be levied by the city and county as other taxes
side was government land and subject to pre- are levied and collected. With this money
emption. ( )ne night a gang of squatters car- the road was constructed and trees planted,
ried lumber out on the road and enclosed strips At the end of four years, when the special tax
of land on the south side, and in the morning expired, the road was kept up from the road
many of the residents found themselves shut fund of the road districts, in which the avenue
off from the highway. The squatters, how- was situated until 1878, when an act was
e\er, had nothing but their labor for their passed by the Legislature authorizing the
])ains, as they were compelled to abandon their bf)ard of supervisors to pay these expenses
claims unconditionally. To ])re\ ent a recur- from the current expense fund. Today all the
rence of this dispute an Act of Congress was roads leading to the park entrance are main-
])rocured in 1871 granting the county a right- tained by the county, while the roads inside
of-way for the road, 115 feet wide and defining the park are kept up by the city, which also
its location. Accurate official sur\eys were pays for the improvement and maintenance of
made and granite monuments placed so that the park.

the exact lines should always be preserved. Saratoga Avenue was created at the same
The final location was made in 1873. After session of the Legislature, and in the same
this date extraordinary efforts were made to manner as Santa Clara Avenue, except that the
keep the road m repair and maintain its ^^.-^ provided that the road should be 100 feet
beauty. These efforts were measurably - sue- ^..jde and that the special tax should be levied
cessful. One of the greatest obstacles m the ^nd collected by the trustees of the town of
way of improvement was the shade cast by g^nta Clara. The commissioners began work,
the center row of trees, and propositions for i^id out and opened the road, but some of the
their removal were made from time to time, outside property owners protested against pay-
But each proposition was met by a remon- -^^^ ^i^g ^^^ q-[^g objection was that it was an
strance from the people, who looked upon the unconstitutional assessment, inasmuch as it
gnarled willows as a link connecting the past ,,,^^5 ^^ |,g ig^ied and collected by officers not
with the present, and although many of the elected for the purpose. The ccairts decided
trees had died and others were m advanced ^he objection to be valid and the road went
stages of decay, they were retained. Finally, j^j^ t]-,g hj^^ds of the county government as a
in 1887, a proposition was made to construct |,i,blic highway, and all improvements were
an electric railr.,ad along the center of the paid for from the road fund of the district. In
highway. In view of this improvement the ..pj^e ,-,f ^i-,g f^ct that there was no special reve-
people consented to iiart with the trees, and in ,^^^g^ ^i^g hicrhwav has been thoroughly im-
the same year they were removed. Since then proved and now 'it is one of the finest paved
the avenue from San Jose to Santa Clara has ,-oads in the county

been paved with concrete thu.s f..rming a link hi' early days there seemed to be an impres-

in the long c(mcrete-paved road Irom San Jose ,;,,„ that' the'best way to improve the county

to San Francisco. roads was to grant franchises for toll com-

Santa Clara Avenue, or Alum Rock Avenue, panics, who were to keep the roads in repair

as it is generally called, is the beautiful avenue in consideration of the jirivilege of collecting

from San Jose to the , Mum Rock Si)rings m tolls. The argument used was' that the people

the canyon of the I'enetencia, east of town, wlio used the roads ought to ])ay the expense

The original road was established by the ,,f maintaining them. Acting on this proposi-

l.oard of supervisors in June, 1866. In 1872 tion, many such franchises were granted, some

an act was passed by the Legislature authoriz- l,v the board of supervisors and' some by the

ing the city of San Jose to survey and improve Legislature. The tollgate on the Alameda was

a road to be known as "Santa Clara Avenue," the outgrowth r.f this idea.

running from the eastern limits of the city to In 1861 the San jose and .Vlviso Turnpike

the city reservation in the eastern foothills. Company secured a franchise to erect gates

The act provided for a board of commissioners and collect tolls on the road fr(-)ni San Jo'se to

to be appointed by the governor, with power Alviso. In 186,^ the franchise was purchased

to sui)erintend the work (.f construction and by the county for $5,000 and the road declared

select a tract of 400 acres in the canyon for a a public highway. In 1867 the Saratoga and

puldic park. To construct and improve the Rescadero Turnpike Company received a fran-

111S'L\)RV OF SANTA CI.AUA COUNTY

■VJ

chise l\ir a toll road o\cr the ninuiitains tnmi
Saratnt;"a. In 1S80 the franchise was pur-
chased by the county fur $5,000 and the name
changetl to the "Contjress Sprins^s" roatl. Tlie
Ciih'ov and A\ atsonxille mad ^\■as a toll roa<l
in early da)s, hut was declared a puhlic hi,L;h-
way in 1874.

The Santa Ornz road fi'oni Los ('.atos <iver
the mountains was a toll road under a fran-
chise from the state up to 1S7S, wdien it \vas
declared a piuMic hii:;iiwa\' h\- the hoard of su-
per\dsors. The compan}- resisteil the action
of the hoard and attempted to maintain its
.gates. This caused considerahle excitement
and threatened serious trouble. The teamsters
went in a liody and tore the gate down. The
company fought the matter in the courts and
lost. The ]iurehase of the I'acheco Pass road
wiped out the last toll road in the count}'.

The mcist prciminent. if not the most impu-
lar, highway in the county is the Mount Ham-
iltcm road, or Lick A^'enuc. It has a world-
wide fame for the reason that it leads to the
great Lick ( )l)ser^■ator^• and because it is one
cif the best mc>untain roads in the world. In
September. 1875. James Lick addressed the
iioard of supervisors, saying that he ^\•ould
locate his observatory on Mount Hamilton if
the cotmty would construct a first-class road
to the summit, and if the county had not sufli-
cient funds on hand to accomplish the task he
would advance the money and take the coun-
ty's bonds for the same. The ]iroposition was
accepted and on October 4, 1875. a preliminary
survey was ordered. The committee on sur-
^■ev reported that the construction of the road.
including bridges, would costs $43,385. Mr.
Lick then deposited $25,000 in the Commercial
& Savings Bank as a guarant}- that he would
stand by his proposition. A. T. Herrmann
was appointed engineer for the work and on
February 8, 1876, the contract for construction
was let to E. L. Derby. Up to this time the
w-ork had gone on with great expedition, but
now, the people ha\-ing had time to talk the
matter over, considerable doubt was expressed
as to the advisability of the enterprise. It
was argued that the county might .go to great
expense in building the road and. that in the
end Mr. Lick might change his mind in regard
to the location of the observatory. In that
event the county would have a very expensive
road that would be of very little practical use.
The majority of the board had very little
doubt of Mr. Lick's good faith, but in order to
satisfy the popular demand they arranged mat-
ters so that Mr. Lick deposited a further sum
of $25,000, subject to warrants drawn for the
construction of the road, and agreed to take
county bonds therefor, payable wdien the ob-
servatory was completed on the mountain.

Wdien this point was settled an oppositou was
dcNcKiped from another source. VV. N. h ur-
long. as chairman of the board, refused to sign
the contract with IJerb)', but finally consented
under ])rotest. The ])r(]test claime<l that there
was no authorit\' of law f(ir building the road
in this manner, as the statute re(pured all
nionc)' IcN'ied in -.mx ro.id distidct to be ex-
pended in the district pa\'ing the same : that
there was no law compelliirg the count}' at
large to |)ay for a road, and that the county
had no authority to enter into a contract with
i\lr. Lick to ad\';ince the mone\'. The l")oard,
to satisf}' the former ol)jcction, jiassed a reso-
lution that the Legislature would be asked to
])ass an act authorizing the countv to issue
bonds to the amount 'of $120,000,' of which
$50,000 should h<i ap|)lied to the indeljtedness
of the several road districts in the count}', and
the lialance used to i)ay the warrants dra\vn
for the construction of the ])ro])osed road.
Thus this difficult}' was disposed of. There
\\'ere numer(}us minor obstacles to contend
with which caused much troulde and vexation
to the promoters of the enterprise, l)ut they
were finally disposed of. Up to May 21. 1876,
the sum of $45,115.34 had Ijeen ]niid on Derby's
contract. In the meantime there was .great
dissatisfaction with Derb}''s o])erations, and he
had been compelled to assign his contract to
his bondsmen, wdio had established a trust for
their protection, drawing the money on the
contract and paying the contractor's verified
liills. This dissatisfaction caused the board to
ajipoint a coi'nmittee to iuA'estigate the work.
The report showed grave misconduct by the
contractor. In September the contract was de-
clared forfeited and on CJctober 5, 1876, the
board authorized its committee to go on 'with
the work. This the committee did, employing
^lessrs. Drinkwater and Swall as superintend-
ents. C)n Januar}' 9, 1877, the Lick board of
trustees and the supervisors made an official in-
spection of the road, and afterwards the trus-
tees declared officially that the work had been
done in a satisfactor}' manner and that the road
met all of Mr. Lick's requirements. The in-
spection was a general holiday throughout the
count's', there being about 5,000 visitors to the
summit of the mountain on that day. On Jan-
uary 13, 1877, the road was declared to be fully
completed, the total cost being $73,458.88. Of
this amount $27,339.87 was in outstanding war-
rants against the general road fund. An act
was passed in the Legislature of 1878 authoriz-
ing the board of supervisors to issue bonds to
pav these warrants and accrued interest, the
bonds to bear no interest, and to be payable
when the observatory was ]>ractically com-
pleted. The gentlemen composing the board of
supervisors during the time the Mount Hamil-

150

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ton road was in course of construction were:
1S~3 — W. N. Furlong, chairman: J. M. Battee,
I. W. Boulware, A. Chew, Abram'King, H. M.
Leonard, William Paul. 1876— H. M. Leonard,
chairman; S. F. Ayer, J. M. Battee, A, Chew.
A\'. N. Furlong, Abram King, AV. H. Rogers.
1877-78 — Same as in 1876, with the exception
that J. M. Battee was chairman.

L'nder Mexican rule the transportation of
])assengers was almost exclusivelv on horse-
back. Women and children would occasionally
take passage for short distances in the rude
carts of that time, but journeys generally,
\vhether long or short, were performed in the
saddle. As the foreigners came in thev adopted
the same custom, for the reason there was no
other means of conveyance. When affairs be-
came settled after the Mexican war and the
countr)- began to lie settled by immigrants
from the states, other methods of transporta-
tion for passengers and freight were looked for.
Boats to ply bet\\"een San Francisco and Alviso
were secured and connection with them from
San Jose was made with wagons. The cost
for each passenger for this trip was thirty-five
dollars.

In April, 1850, Messrs. Ackley and Morrison
put on a line of stages to run through to San
Francisco, and in the same spring John W.
Whisinan put on a line to run to San ]nst;.
Trips were made tri-weekly l.:)y each line, thus
g'i\-ing a daih' stage each waA'. The fare was
thirt\'-two dollars and the scliedule time was
nine hours. In September of that year Hall &
Crandall jnirchased Whisman's route. The
ro<ads liecame so Ijad in the winter that the
stages were withdrawn and tra\el to San Fran-
cisco went by way of Alviso.

Two stcaml)! lats, the ff m. Robinson and
A'ptc Star, furnished the \\'ater trans]j(jrtatioii.
This \\'as a great improvement o\'er the old
mustang r("iute, but was not quite satisfactory
to the i^eople of the pueblo. Early in January,
1851, a meeting was called for the purpose of
taking steps toward l^uilding a railroad to San
Francisco. The meeting was largely attended
and very enthusiastic. At this time the road to
Santa Clara along the Alameda was impass-
able, and t(j reach that town from San Jose a
circuit of about six miles was recjuired, while
fjassengers to San Francisco Avere compelled to
work their passage for about half the distance.
Under these circumstances it is not surprising
that the meeting should unanimously declare
in faA'or of the railroad. Resolutions t(j this
effect were adopted and books opened for suIj-
scriptions to the capital stock. Some subscrip-
tions were made and W. J. Lewis was ap-
pointed to make the survey and estimate of
cost. The survey was completed in December
and the estimate presented. The total cost to

put the road into operation amounted to $1,-
539,126.17. These figures seemed to have a
depressing eft'ect on the railroad enthusiasm of
the people, for no more was heard of the matter
for several years.

In July, 1851, the stage fare to San Francisco
was reduced to ten dollars and to Monterey to
twenty-five dollars. In March, 1852,. Messrs.
Reed and Kendall organized an express to run
between San Jose and San Francisco by way
of iVlviso. On April 11, 1853, the boiler of the
Jenny Lind, a steamer on the Alviso route, ex-
ploded with disastrous effect. She had left
Alviso with 150 passengers, among them many .
prominent citizens of San Jose. When about
opposite of wdiat is now Redwood City the ex-
])li)sion occurred, killing many and wounding
others. Among those killed were J. D. Hoppe,
Charles AVhite and Bernard Murphy of San
Jose. This accident spread a gloom over the
community. A jjublic meeting was called in
San Jose and resolutions expressing sympathy
with the afflicted were adopted.

In October, 1853, the first telegraph line, con-
necting San Francisco with San Jose, was built.
It was a great mystery to the native popula-
tion, some of whom thought the Americans
had all turned Catholics and were erecting in-
nuinera1)le crosses as a testimony of their faith.
The establishment of telegraphic communica-
tion revived the desire for a railroad, but no
effective steps were taken except an ordinance
])assed 1)y the common council granting St.
lames Park for depot grounds. In 1856 an om-
nilnis line was estal:)lishetl 1)ctween San Jose
and Santa Clara l)y the Crandall brothers, and
in 1857 a weekly express to Sonora was put on
1)y W. FI. FIo}-. The growth of business in
San Jose and the de\-clopinent of the surround-
ing country f)rought the railroad question
again to the front in 1859. A meeting was held
in Feljruar}- to discuss the question of building
a short line to iVlviscj to connect with fast
lioats at that port. Estimates were made and
Ijooks were opened, Init liefore anything was
done in a ])ractical \vay another [)ro])osition
was made and the work oi promotion was sus-
|)ended.

A company- had Ijeen organized in San Fran-
cisco to Ijuild a railroad to San Jose Ada San
Mateo and Redwood City. This company
wanted Santa Clara County to take $200,000
worth of the st(_ick of the enterprise. It was
found impossible to raise this amount Ijy in-
di\idual suljscriptions, ami in 1861 an act was
secured from the Legislature authorizing the
count}', through the lioard of supervisors, to
subscril)e for this amount of stock, provided
that the people, at a regularly called election,
should endorse the measure. The election re-
sulted in a majority of 722 favorable to the

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

151

project. No time was lost and on May 23 the
supervisors made the subscription and ordered
the issuance of bonds for the payment of the
same. These bonds bore interest at the rate
of seven per cent per annum and were pay-
able in fifteen years. The work of l)uildinf,^ the
road commenceil immediately and on January
16, 1864, the road was completed and formally
opened with a grand excursion from San iM'an-
cisco and way towns to San Jose. There was
great rejoicing when the first train arri\ed.
Flags were hoisted and everybod}- took a
holiday.

The county no^^• had a railroad, Init it also
had an indebtedness of $200,000, on which it
was pa}'ing a large interest. The question ^vas
soon mooted as to whether it \\'ould not be
good policy to sell the railroad stock owned
1iv the county and ap])ly the proceeds toward
paying this de1)t. As the stock Avas paving no
di\"idends, an aflirmati\-e conclusion was soon
reached. The Legislature was appealed to and
in April, 1864, an act Avas passed authorizing
the count}- to sell the stock and to apply the
proceeds to the redemption of county bonds.
In November, 1864, R. G. Lathrop offered to
bu}- the stock and pay $200,000 in currenc}'.
As these were Civil War times, the currency-
would be ecpiivalent to $170,000 in gold. The
proposal, howe\'er, \\'as accepted, but Ivathrop
neglected to make his ofifer good and that ^vas
an end of the transaction. In February, 1865,
C. B. Polliemus. Peter Donahue and H. JM.
Newhall, directors of the railroad compan)', of-
fered to buy the stock for $200,000, paying in
either currency or in the lionds of the count}'
issued to pa}- for the stock when the counts-
had sul^scribed fiir it. An agreement svas
made, but having the default of Lathroj) in
mind, the suijers'isors exacted from the |)ur-
chasers a bond for the fulfillment of the con-
tract. As there was no compliance with the
contract, the board lost patience and in 1867
suit was instituted. This brought offers of
compromise and pending negotiations the suit
was dropped. Nothing came of the negotia-
tions and 1869 another suit was instituted. In
the interval Polhemus had disposed of his in-
terest in the railroad. ?vlayne, his successor,
made another proposition — the company would
pay $100,000 in money for the stock and would
extend the line from San Jose to Gilro}-. The
proposition was accepted and its terms com-
plied with. In 1869 the Gilroy road was built.

In 1863 the Western Pacific Company was
constructing that portion of the transcontinen-
tal railroad lying between Sacramento and
C^akland, and offered, if the county would sub-
scribe $150,000 to its capital stock, to con-
struct a branch from Niles to San Jose, thus
placing the city on the through overland line.

< )n .\pril 14, 186,\ an act was passed authoriz-
ing the county to make this sul.)Scrii>tion and
the election in confirmation resulted in a fa\or-
able majority of 522 votes. The stock was si4d
to David Colton for $120,000 in February, 1872.
The agents who negotiated the sale were paid
$9,000, thus leaving a net loss to the county of
$,^9,000. The Western Pacific afterwards be-
came a part of the Southern Pacific system.

As the county to the north of San Jose be-
gan to develop fruit culture, especially straw-
berries, blackberries, etc., a more convenient
and rapid means of transportation to San Fran-
cisco was desired l^y the growers. The two
railroads already constructed just skirted the
liorder of this district, and shippers were com-
pelled to haul their fruit to San Jose, Santa
Clara or Rlilpitas to get it on the cars. Ar-
rived in San Francisco it had to be hauled (m
trucks for a long distance frrim depot to mar-
ket, and this bruised and injured the fruit to
the great loss of the producer. This caused
the matter of a narrow-gauge railroad to con-
nect with fast boats at AU'iso to be re\-i\-ed.
In 1870 a meeting was held and subscription
books opened. Strenuous efforts were made to
get the stock taken. Chief among the pnnnot-
ers of the scheme were John G. Bray, S. A.
I'dshop and Gary Peebels. Pending the floating
of the stock a fast boat was put on the line
lietween Alvis(3 and San Francisco and the
fruit growers hauled to the Alviso wharf in-
stead of shipping by rail. Little progress with
the iiroject was made. Finally, in 1876, a new-
company was formed, called "The South Pa-
cific Coast Railroad Compan}-," Avith .V. E.
Davis as its president. This company asked
no favors. It had money for everything it
needed, including the right-of-way. It built
the road and in April, 1878, the first train came
into San Jose, and in May the road opened for
business. An extension of the line to Santa
Cruz follow-ed. It was completed after much
time and labor spent in tunneling the moun-
tains. The road did a prospermis business from
the start. In 1887 it sold out to the Southern
Pacific Company. In 1886 a narrow-gauge
branch from Campbell to the NeAV Almaden
mine was constructed. Later it was taken
o\-er and standardized by the Southern Pacific.
In the same year the Southern Pacific built a
line to the same point, connecting with the
trunk line at Hillsdale.

In 1885 a railroad to run from IMurphy's on
the Southern Pacific line to Saratoga was pro-
jected and several miles were constructed. No
further progress has ever been made, partly on
account of the lack of money and partly by
the construction of other lines and by the elec-
tric system of railways which reaches every
jx'iint of importance in the valley.

]5_' llISTOkY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

The Southern I'acific has greath- extended takes in Irvington. Warm Springs, Milpitas
its lines since it took cner the original railway and the l>erryessa district. Then it proceeds
from San [use ti) San Francisco. It has ex- around the southerly limits of San Jose, cuts
tended the coast line to Los Angeles, where through the Willows district in a \\-esterl3' di-
ce mnectinn is made with the Eastern states, rection and after curving toward the north
thus jdacing San Jose on two transcontinental ends in a main freight terminus at Hush and
lines. It has increased its orchard service bv AA'ilson Streets on the Alameda. Construc-
Innlding a line from Mavfield to Los Altos and tion of the San Jose branch was started in
from Los Altos along the foothill region to Los l'-''^, was halted by the European war and
Gatos via ^lonte Wsta (near Cupertino), Ouito started again in 1920. The mam passenger
Olive Farm and AYasona Junction. Therefore station is in East San Jose and yards for
the .-.rchardists of the valley have easy access switching, storage, round house facilities, fuel
to railway transportation. ' ' ^^'^'^ "'^ter .su])ply stations, turntable, track

The AVestern l\acif^c Railroad Company's scales and repair tracks are located on William
branch from Niles to San Jose was completed Street. 'Jdiere are several spurs built for the
in the spring of 1922. The main line extends benefit of orchardists. The coming of this
from San Francisco to Salt Lake Citv and railroad induced the Remillard Brick Com-
passes through Niles. The San Jose branch pany to reopen its \\'orks in East San Jose.

CHAPTER XIV.

The Public Buildings of the County — Many Locations of the County Court
House — Changes Made by the Legislature — Futile Attempt to Regain
the State Capital — The County Hospital and Almshouse.

The count)- buildings toda}- are models of The old state house ha\'ing been f)urned. the
beaut\', size and convenience. The e\'olution court htnise ^\■as removed to the adobe liuild-
frcim the primiti\"e structures of the earl\- da}-s ing on I^ightston Street, o^^'ned b}' F^'rank
is l)oth remarkable and interesting. For Li.ghtston, and the ofTicers again began to look
some time after the Americans took ])osses- about for a ])erniaiient location. I^evi (iciod-
siim cif affairs the ol<l Juzgado on Alarket rich \\as apjxiinted as architect and directed
Street, San Jose, "was used as a court house. to jjresent plans and specifications, the idea
If was poorl_v arranged for such a iuir])ose being to rebuild on the old lot on Market
and in 1850, better though tem|)orary fpiarters Plaza. The ])lans ^\•ere drawn and the clerk
were secured in a building on First Street o|)- was directed to call for l)ids, Init before an)--
posite Fountain Alley. Another change, to thing further was done i\. S. Caldwell oft'ered
the ISclla L^nion building, where the Auzerais to sell the county the lot and building at the
flouse now stands, was soon made and court southeast corner of Second and San Fernando
was held here until 1^51 when the rdd state Streets. A committee was appointed and re-
house on Market I'laza was purchased from ported that the building, with a little altera-
the city, the selection ha\ing been made l>y tion, could be made suitable for a court house.
Judge Redman. The building seems to ha\e and the purchase was made. The i;)rice paid
been looked upon by the jjeople as common was $4000. In December, 18.X'?, this building
])ro]ierty and tlie\' were accustomed to hold ^\■as officialh' declared to l>e the county court
all sorts of meetings and entertainments there. house, the same order setting a])art the south
This was considered 1)}' the couiUv gcA'ern- room on the lo\\-er lloor as the district court
ment as an infringement of its dignit_\' and in room. The county sold the state house t)ut-
Juh', 1852, the sheriff' was ordered to "take side lot to a Mr. Piriggs for $500, reserving the
charge of the court house and allow no right to use the jail thereon until a new jail
dances, shows or balls to be held therein." This could be built. The county occupied its ne\\'
order elicited such a cry of indignation from fpiarters for si.xteen years ^^•hen it became ne-
the ])eople that within two days after its issu- cessary to ha\'e enlarged accommodations. ;\n
ance, it was modified so as to allow the use of order was made offering $100 for the best
the building as an assemldy hall and place of i)lan for a new court house.

amusement, but the sheriff' \\-as instructed to Pending this matter the clerk was author-
collect for such uses a siifticient amount to ized to negcitiate with the San b'se Common
pay the fees of a janitor and watchman. Council for the temporary use of the second

inST()R>' OF SANTA C'l.ARA Cnl'N'lA'

13,^

st(ir_\' of tho city hall mi Market Street lAr a
court room. This resulted iu a two \ ears'
lease, iu returu fur \\'hich the eouuty ya\e the
city the use of a portit)U of the lot at the cor-
uer of San lu-rnaudo and Second Streets. The
exehantre was effected in .Vu^ust, 1860. In
the latter part of this year Levi ('■nodrich |)re-
sented i^lans for a ne\\- Imilding. The jdans
were adopted and he recei\ed the ]iremiuni of
$100 ottered therefor. in March, 1861, the
board of supervisors asked lion. A. L. Rhodes,
state senator, to procure the passage of an
act by the Legislature authorizing the county
to issue 1)nnds to jtav for the building. They
also directed I\lr. Goodrich to prej^are work-
ing" drawings.

The lease of the city hall expired in 186^.
At that time ]Martin Murphy was finishing his
1)rick building on ]\larket Street — the pni-
pert\' now mainU' occupied hv Hart's depart-
ment store. He offered to rent to the county
the ujiper floor of these buildings for $1^'0 per
month and finish them m a manner suitalile
for use as county offices, the large hall at the
corner of ^Market and El Dorado Streets to lie
used as a court room. The count;.- acce])ted
the offer and took a five years' lease, A\ith the
prixilege of renewal. This was the last loca-
tion of the court house prior to the construc-
tion of the present liuilding.

Two vears elapsed before anything was
done toward the erection of a new court
house. During that time there grew up a sen-
timent that the old lot at the corner of Second
and San Fernando Streets was not a suitable
location and the supervisors were urged to
purchase another lot. There was some oppo-
sition to this suggestion and heated debates
were held over it at the Ijoard meetings. Two
of the supervisors, ?\Iessrs. (Juinby and Yates,
were opposed to buying another lot and wdien
a resolution to change the location was adopt-
ed, voted in the negative. Among the sites
offered to the board was the one now occu-
pied by the court house. It \vas owned by AV.
H. Hall, wdio offered to sell it to the county
for $5000. The title having been found valid,
the purchase was consummated. The original
tract was 137j/ feet front on First Street by
275 feet deep. Afterward more frontage was
purchased.

Work on the court house was pushed as
rapidly as possible and on January 1, 1868, the
county officers took possession. Originall}'
there was but one court room, the ceiling- of
wdiich extended to the roof. In 1879 a floor
was laid, cutting this apartment into two
rooms as they now are. Another room, which
had been used for a county office, was made
over into a third court room, the new consti-
tution, just adopted, having provided for three

Su]ierior C'ourts for Santa Clara County. The
cost of the building was about $200 000.' Wdien
coni])]eted it was the finest court house in
California. It is of the Roman-Corinthian or-
der of architecture and overlociks vSt. |ames
Park, whose luxuriance lends ])leasure to the
eye. Its foun<lation is of the utmost dural)il-
ity, the walls resting on a substructure (jf con-
crete to a dei)lli of six feet and of a like num-
l)er of feet in thickness. Ponderous brick
arches support the lo\ver floor, Avhile all the
walls are of the same material, the basement
ones Ix-ing four feet in thickness and the
u])per ones twentv-one inches. Aboxe the
liasement the building has two stories and its
dimensicnis are in frontage, 100 feet; in depth,
including the portico, 140 feet. The height t(j
the cornices fifty-six feet, and it is 150 feet
to the top of the dome, the least diameter of
w hich is seventeen and the greatest fifty feet.
Its portico, a magnificent specimen of eolumn-
ated facade, showing in its fine proportions,
richness, strength and lieauty. is se\'enty-si.\;
feet in length, the height of the columns Ix--
ing thirt\-eig'ht and the diameter four feet.
The windows, wdiich are of the finest French
plate glass, are each surmounted with pedi-
ments, those on the lower story being arched.
Each window frame is made of highly orna-
mented cast iron, the wdnole weighing, with
iron shutters, about ,^600 pounds. The roof is
covered with zinc. The tower, from which a
magnificent view of the city and valley can
be obtained, finds light from eleven elliptical
windows, surmounted with an iron railing
forty-two inches in height, and is reached by
a staircase with 172 steps. There are three
landings, so as to- make the ascent compara-
ti\ely easy. This noble structure is di^•ided
into rooms, one fitted up for the board of sup-
er\'isors and the remainder ai)portii>ned to
those of the county officers wht) do not ha\'e
rooms in the Hall of Records building adjoin-
ing on the north. The courts are finely ap-
pointed, that of Department 1 being of noble
proportions, sixty-fi^'e by forty-eight feet.
The entire exterior of the structure is of imi-
tation stone. The main entrance is gained
liy an ascent of thirteen granite steps, and
here, high overhead, stands out in bold relief
the motto, ','Justicia Dedicata."

No sooner was this splendid building com-
pleted than an overpowering sense of magni-
ficence seized upon the board of supervisors,
for they made strenuous efforts to make their
court house the headcpiarters of the State Leg-
islature, the removal of which from Sacra-
mento to some more central position then be-
ing seriously considered. What more natural
than that the first capital of the state shoidd
try to regain its lost honors. (Jn February 4,

154 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

1868, the minutes of the l.)()ard shuwed the connections. The inner face of all the walls

following ; are whitewashed.

"Resolved, That in the event of the General The Hall of Records, adjoining the Court

.Vssemhly of the State of California determin- House at the north and connected with it by

ing to remo\e the State Capital to the Countv a wide covered corridor was erected in 1892

of Santa Clara, the lioard of Supervisors c,i ^it a cost of $200,000. The overcrowded con-

the said Countv of Santa Clara tender to the dition of the Court House rendered the addi-

state, the free' and entire use of the Court tion necessary. It is two stories in height.

House of said Countv for state purposes, un- ''"t is solidly built of granite on lines snnilar

til such time as a Capitol building mav be t" that of the Court House. It is used for of-

erected in said County, provided" that' the fi^'es of the county clerk, county treasurer,

Capitol building shall lie erected in five vears " county auditor, county surveyor, county re-

The next dav another motion, as follows, c-.rder, county superintendent ot_^schools and

was carried: ■'Resolved, That the Honoralde ^'"^"ta Clara County charit.es. The bu.ldmg

the Members of the Legislature an<l attaches ^^•''^■^ occupied m January, 189o.

thereof, one and all, are herebv invited to in- 'T'he Hall of Justice is located on the south-

spect for themselves its eligibil'itv as a seat of <^a-'^t corner of .Market and St. James streets,

government for this state," prior' to anv final ''-"^ck of the Hall of Records. It was ready for

action touching that subject matter; and the occupancy when the earthquake of April 18,

hospitalities of the citv and countv will lie 1906 wrecked it. The material used m the

cordially extended to 'them." These orders construction was stone from Goodrich's

were re'scinded June 1 ,t 1872 (piarrv, near San lose, and the earthquake

A new countv jail was l,uilt in tlie rear of I"'.";'"! ^hat it was not of sufficient stabilit.v to

theConrt House m 1871. The plans of Levi "'thstand the shock. In the reconstruction

Goodrich for a brick structure were adopted. --stronger material was used and m 1908 the

The cost was aliout $60,000. The mam prison, "ork was completed. The building is occu-

120x42 feet an.l 21 feet high, is built on a solid b'^'l ^y the countv assessor, county tax col-

, ■ , ,- , ,- -^1 -i 4. ^11 lector, horticultural commissioner, countv li-

lirick loundation witli o'ranite water tallies. , , ,. ,„ . ^. , ^,

/|M ,, lo ■ 1 ii ■ 1 t 1 ■ , -ii i)rar^', probation office, lustice ot the peace,

iiistables and house of detention.

'idle walls are 18 inches thick, of brick with
four-inch iron liars running through the cen-
ter, four and a half inches apart and riveted ''''i^' ^^st organized eff.irt to care for the in-
firmly together, extending around the entire digent sick was made m 1854, when a com-
building.' Through the central part of the mittee from the common council met a com-
building are two" rows of cells, which are mittee from the board of sujjervisors and
built in the same sulistantial manner as the agreed to act m concert m the matter. By
main walls, being covered overhead with tlie terms of this agreement the county was
solid arches of heavv iron work an<l masonrv. to bear two-thirds of the expense an.l the city
A large corridor extends completelv around one-third. All affairs concerning indigent sick
these cells and a commodious pa.ssage be- "■^'''e to be managed l)y a joint committee
tween them. Adj(.ming the rows of cells, composed of each lioard. The council, h<iw-
but shut off from them bv a heavv wall is t-ver, refused to confirm the action of its com-
what is called the "murderers' tanks." They mittee, alleging that they were able to take
are two m number \vith a corridor around ^'''ire of their indigent sick. (Jn this the su-
them. The entire roof of the jail is of solid pervisors a]. pointed George Peck, R. G.
sheet ir(m, strongly anchored dt.wn to the -Moody and M illiam Daniels as a relief com-
substantial wall with massive couplings. On mittee or board of health. During this year
too of the plate of the roof is a laver .^f lirick, the county received $869.4o as its share of the
finished over with asphaltum. 'The jailer's ^tate relief fund.

apartment adjoins the main building on the '''lie next year, 1855, a county physician
front and is fortv-two feet square and three ^^'=^^ appointed and the city agreed to ])ay $50
stories high, with <,rnainented fronts on the 1'^''' '"""th towar.ls maintenance and me.lical
south and east. This section also contains attendance. About the same time the old
kitchen, store room, office and the heating '^f^'>' Pi-'.'P^'rty ^vas rente.l tor a hospital the
rr^, , ) .1 ■ 1 i • cit\- i")a\-ini;- a monthh^ rent of tort\- dollars,
system. The second and thirfl stones are , ■^,' - , ,■ ^i ' ^i ' ,. i
•^ . , , . , , fill 1, 1 ln-i\ovember ol the same \-ear the county ad-
divided into large an< cointor able cells, and ,,,.,^,,^,1 f,,, pro,.osals for a h,,use and lot for
it IS m this part of the jail that the women ii,,sp,tal ]nirposes. In respomse to this call
jjrisoners are confined. 1 he whole prison is the Alerntt brothers ofl-'ered to sell the old
well-lighted by ample windows and skylights, Sutter house for $5,500. This house was situ-
well secured. The cells are furnished with ated to the northeast of the city and to it was
cast iron sinks and water closets with sewer attached twenty-five acres of ground, 'idie of-

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUN'I'Y 155

tor was accepted and the Cdunty occupied the ino- a(l<htiiiiis and improvements have been
premises until Kehruary, 1S56, when the own- made. The a\eratje numher of patients (hir-
ers fadino- to make a o,,od deed to the prop- ino- l«)p) was about 200. The main hospital
erty, the contract for the ])urchase was re- has five wards and is rejdete with every sani-
scinded. The county then advertised for pro- t;iry requirement. Outside are the tubercu-
posals for takino- eare of the indif,>-ent sick. losis hospital. Old Ladies' Home, with thirtv-
The lirst contract was let to Dr. G. I!. Crane, seven inmates; Old Men's Home, isolati()n
who ao-reed to maintain the patients and fur- hospital, and ])est house, and residences for
msh medical and surgical attendance for the eighteen nurses and the superintendent,
$4,(S00 per year, the nundier of patients not to Pr. 13. R. AA'ilson. Edward Halsey is the sec-
lie more than se\-en a day, or if in excess of retary.

that number, to be paid at that rate. For sev- Up to 1883 there was no almshouse in
eral years the patients were taken eare of m Santa Clara County. Invalids in destitute
this manner. circumstances were cared for at the county
In 1860 the necessity for a hospital liuildin,^^ liospital, while the indigent who were not in-
liecame very apparent and a committee to se- valids were cared for by allowances by the
leet a site was appointed. Many offers were board of supervisors. These allowances were
made but the proposal of lliram Cahill was of money, provisions, clothing, fuel, etc., as
accepted. His tract contained twehe acres of each case might demand. Fctr many years the
land, situated on the south side of South Street, destitute children were cared for b^- the La-
just west of Los Gatos Creek. The jirice paid dies' ].^)enevolent Society, this society recei\--
was $4,000. The buildings on the tract \vere re- ing from the board a monthly allowance of a
paired and enlargetl and a pest hmise was built certain amount per capita. Each super\'isor
near the creek on the south. These premises exercised a su])erA-ision o\'er the destitute of
were occupied until 1871. Before this time, in his district and all allowances were made on
1868, the hospital became tot) small to accom- his recommendation.

modate all the patients. The city had gro\^•n The expense necessaril)- incurred by this

much larger and there Avas considerable o1)- s}'stem of affording relief began to be very

jection to the location of the institution sn burdensome and in 1883 steps were taken to

near the city limits. An effort \\as made to establish a county farm. In March of that

secure another location, but it Avas three years A-ear a committee was appointed to examine

liefore a new site was chosen. The board the matter and the report was in favor of es-

hnally purchased of John S. Conncir 114 acres taldishing an almshouse. The present site —

of land on one of the roads to Los Gatos, on the Oakland road, half a mile south of

three and one-half miles from San Jose. The Alilpitas — \vas selected. A tract of 100 acres

price paid was $12,400. In 1875 the contract Avas purchased from James VjOjA for $25,000.

for the building was awarded to A\'. (_). MreA'- The tract contained the present main liuilding,

fogle for $14,633.70. Messrs. Lenzen and (lash wdiich had been erected as a residence some

were the architects. Before this, the old ^-ears before by John O'Toole at an expense

luiildings from the old grounds had been re- of $21,000. Now nearly all aid to destitute

moved to the r\Q\\- site and the old premises jiersons is extended through this institution,

cut up into lots and sold for $4,518.64. In Persons not residents of the county are not

1884 eight)'-one acres of the new tract were aided at all, but are returned to the counties

Sold to different parties, leaving thirty-three Axdrere the_v belong. For several years indi-

acres to the present grounds. Afterward more gent women were cared for here, but wdien an

land was bought so that now the tract con- < )ld Ladies' Home was built at the county hos-

tains thirty-eight and one-half acres. The pital thev were removed to the new location,

money accruing from the 1884 sales amounted The superintendent is James Carson and the

to $14,727.71, being $2,327.71 more than the number of patients (1920) is 198. Those who

cost of the entire tract. Since the removal of are able to w^ork are emplo3'ed about the

the hospital to its present location many build- grounds, mainly in gardening.

CHAPTER XV.

The Resources and Attractions of San Jose, the Garden Cty of CaHfornia —
Soil, Climate, Productions and Opportunity — What a Man From the
East Learned From an Old Resident.

"San Jose? In CalitVirnia? Xever heard of lation of 800 or 1,000 — will hardly afford tlie

tlie place. Must l:ie some old Spanish village, facilities wlTicl: are essential to the well-lieing

eh? Pnelilo — that's it, ]")iie1ilo. r\-e read Span- of m}' family."

!sh history and when I was a youngster I "l^gt me tell vou something aliout San lose

had a lot of Spanish lingo at my tongue's end. and its environs. Perhaps I mav be al^le to

I ^never heard^ of but one San Jose on the furnish facts that will suit all your require-

Western Continent and that is J-^an Jose de ments."

Costa Rica. Perhaps y,,u were not referring ..j ^^,^^^,1 ,,g pleased to hear vou," The man

to California and vour San Jose is the Costa f,.,,,,, ^^^^ j^^^^^ l,o-hted a cigar, then sinking

Rican city. No? Then where is .vour San Jose j„ ,^j^ ^.j^^^jj. ^y^;^^,i f^^ the promised expo.sition,

and what d,, they raise there, coiTee or pump- ■■y,,^, ^p^^j^.^ ^-,f Spanish villages," began the

old resident," and that reminds me that San

The speaker was a man from the Kast, who Jose was once a Spanish pueblo, where all

had C(nne to California in search of a home the houses were of adol)e, where the seat of

and also a field for the profitable investment education and religious enlightenment was in

of tlie money lie had saved after years of toil the Mission and where wild cattle roamed the

in the cold, cheerless communities of New valley and a tJola- jar nientc ])cople lived lives

England. The scene was the reading room of of ease and dreamed not of the time when

one of San Francisco's palatial hotels and the fair and stateh' homes should dot the lands

person addressed was an old resident of San .riven over to the chapparal and the wild mus-

Jose, who had been introduced t.i the East- tard, and the busy hum of industr_v indicative

erner by a mutual friend. of an advanced civilization should be heard in

"San Jose is of right the fourth city in the ]"ilaces where happy feet kept time to the se-

state and is located in the heart of the rich- ducti^•e strains of the Spanisli guitar, or where

est valley in the A\'orlfl : distance from San the matador and j^icador imperiled their li\'es

Francisco, forty-eight miles. It is — " f<ir lo\'e or ,gold, San Jose \vas settled in 17R7

"Hold on, hold on," was the quick inter- as the result of an exploration made at the

ruption. "Let me get my breath — you cjuite instance of the Spanish authorities in 1769.

took it away by your surprising announcement. Until 1830 no Americans had ever penetrat-

I am a tenderfoot, it is true, but I thought ed California. In that year they began to ar-

I had California sized u]) prett}- well before ri\'e so that when the discovery of gold was

1 Ixaight 111}- ticket in Ijoston. 1 knew there made San Jose was practically dominated bv

were a large number of towns and ^■illages the American population. In February, 1848,

where they dig for gold, Init I had formed the United vStates, by treat\-, acquired title to

the idea that the only two cities worth men- California and the first Legislature held its

tioning were .San Francisco and Los Angeles, first session in .San lose, \vhich for a short

As San PTancisco is hardly the place for a time was the capital of the state. Had ,gen-

hciiue, I had concluded to go to Los ,-Vngeles." eral and not sectional interests been consult-

"Ha\'e you bought }()ur ticket?" "No," was ed, it would be the capital today; 1nit liy a

the reply. "Then before you do so let me series of bargains, governed solely by selfish

suggest that you take a trip to San Jose, ^'ou considerations, the capital was removed first

are looking for a place suitable for a resi- to one point and then another until it reached

dence. San Jose offers the best inducements Sacramento to staA', In 184^ — the year the

of an}' community in the state of California. Argonauts came from all ]>arts of the world —

^'ou have money to iiu'est — in\'est it in the San Jose, as now, was the paradise of the

Santa Clara Valley," homeseeker, its location, climate and other at-

"But I am very particular, I ha\e a family, tractions combining to make it the most fa-
children not yet grown up. There are many vored city in the state. Seekers for the gold,
things to be considered and I am afraid, my which was to be found in the mountainous
good friend that a country town or city — counties to the north and east left their fami-
for I have heard that out here in the West a lies in San Jose, well knowing that wdiile they
town becomes a city when it can show a popu- delved for the yellow metal their loved ones

HISTORN' OF SANTA CI.ARA COLJN'I'Y

157

were surri)utule(l h_\' all the cnntlitinns calcu-
lated to make life wiirth li\in>;-. And if life
were worth livint;- in San J use and the Santa
Clara A'alle}' in 184*:^ wdiat nuist lie said of
the advantages wliich it possesses today? Then
the valley, outside of the puehlo, was practic-
ally an unhrt)ken plain where the wild cattle
roamed at will. Today is presented a trans-
formation that would hardly he looked for out-
side of an Arabian romance. The late Judge
Belden, in a graphic and lieautifully worded
picture of the ^•alley in the vicinity of San
Jose, thus set forth some of the attractions;

" 'To the A'isitor approaching San Jose,
through the upper end of the Santa Clara Val-
ley, each mile traversed ushers in some de-
lightful surprise, introduces a new climate. If
his advent be from the north, the hills of ver-
dure wdiich encircle the bay recede on either
hand and assume a softer contour and a rich-
er garb. The narrow roadway that skirts the
salt marsh has widened to a broad and fer-
tile valley that stretches as far as the eye can
reach in luxuriant fields of grass and grain and
miles upon miles of thrifty orchards. Border-
ing this verdant plain, in hues and splendors
all their own, come the hills and into the re-
cesses of these hills creep the little valleys
and as they steal away hi their festal robes
they whisper of beauties beyond and as yet
unseen. In full keeping with the transformed
landscape is the change of climate. The harsh,
chill winds that pour in through the Golden
Gate, and sweep over the peninsula, have abat-
ed their rough work as they spread over
the valley, and, softened as they mingle with
the currents of the south, met as a zephyr in
the widening plain.

" 'If the approach to San Jose be from the
south, the traveler, wearied with the desert
and its hot, dry air, is conscious of a sud-
den change. The sterile desert has become
a fruitful plain and the air that comes as balm
to the parched lungs is cool and soft and
moist with the tempered lireath of the sea.
If it be spring or early summer, miles upon
mile stretches the verdant plain ; over it
troops sunshine and shadow ; across it ripples
the waves. Summer but changes the hue and
heaps the plains Avith abundant harvest of
grain, vegetables and fruit, while the first rain
brings again the verdure and the beauty of
spring. "An ocean of beauty," exclaims the
charmed beholder.' "

"From that very pretty description I infer
that your climate is not to he sneezed at."

"We are proud of our climate," replied the
old resident, "and with reason. There are all
sorts of climate in California but it is general-
ly conceded by those who have traveled the
state over and are not afraid to express an

honest opinion, tliat the climate of San Jose
and the Sant;i Clara Valley is unsurj)assed in
mildness and sahibrity. It is all owing to
topographical situation. With moderately high
mountains rising on the east and west and
closing in on the south, the valley is pro-
tected from the fog and winds that in cer-
tain seasons envelop more exposed sections
in less faNored locations. Protected from ex-
tremes of heat and cold by the sheltering arms
<if the mountains, the hottest days of summer
are never oppressive on account of the cool
breezes that sweep in from the bay. Climat-
ically considered, San Jose and the Santa Clara
Valley is open to no objection."

"Your climate I admit is all right, but what
about resources?"

"The valley is one of varied resources and
San Jose, as the county seat, enjoys the major
part of the benefit derived from the orchards,
grain fields and berry and vegetable sections.
The shipping facilities are unexcelled. In the
first place San Jose is the terminal point and
therefore growers are not compelled to send
their products to a great distance at local
rates in order to reap the benefits that always
accrue by reason of the rates ofl^ered at ter-
minal points."

The man from the East was becoming vastly
interested. His cigar had gone out and his
eyes w^ere fixed intently on the face of the old
resident. "What kinds of fruit do you raise?"
as asked, and on the moment out came his
notebook.

"Prunes, apricots, cherries, pears, apples,
peaches, quinces, olives, nectarines, plums,
limes, lemons and oranges." "Oranges?" "Yes,
oranges in the section we call the warm belt,
l)ut our prunes, apricots and peaches give such
lietter returns that we do not count on citrus
fruits, leaving that line to the southern coun-
ties. Prunes take the lead and San Jose han-
dles about all of them. There are twenty-three
packing houses and twenty-four canneries in
San Jose alone : outside there are fifteen pack-
ing houses and about the same number of
canneries. The number in city and country
will increase I)efore the year is out.

"Gee Whiz!" ejaculated the man from the
East, "San Jose must handle hundreds of tons
of fruit each year."

"Hundreds of tons? Thousands of tons
would hit the mark. In the shipment of dried
fruit San Jose's contribution is about half of
that of the whole state."

"How about marketing?" was the next in-
quir}' as the Inisiness sense of the man from
the East came to the fore.

'AVe are e.xceptionallv fa\-ored," was the re-
pl\-, "in haA'ing an organization allied with the
packers which controls more than eighty per-

158

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

cent of the prune and apricot output of the
entire state. It is called 'The California Prune
and A])ricot Growers, Inc.' It came into ex-
istence in 1916 and its growth has been such
that it now owns forty packing houses, has
alliances with man)- packers and costly ex-
tensions and impro\'ements have been mapped
out for the near future. By the rules which
govern its conduct it is able to prevent
troublesome fluctuations and the expensive in-
terventions of middlemen and bring security
and good prices to the orchardists. It is a
coml^ine in which the interests of producer,
liuyer and consumer are equital^ly adjusted."

"That's good. I like that. And now another
question. What are fruit lands in the vicinity
of San Jose worth?"

"On account of the large profits, prices have
gone up during the past ten )-ears. Suitable
lands with bearing trees sell all the way from
$800 to $1500 per acre. On some of these lands,
planted to prunes and apricots, the profits per
acre, in 1919, ranged from $500 to $1,000. So '
you see the prices are not high when profits
are considered. ,-\s an instance of money I
^vill cite one case. A San Franciscan in the
spring of 1919 bought a twentv-acre bearing
prune orchard for '$,TO,000. Tlie fall of that
}-ear bniught him a profit of $15,000 on his
fruit. So you see half the A'alue of his prop-
erty was paid for in one year."

The man from tlie East looked at his \vatch.
"t find I lia\'e >'et more than an hour at my
disposal," he said.

"Then I will talk rapidly," replied the old
resident, "though I could put in a week and
not exhaust the su1)ject.

"The soil in and about San Jose offers the
prime rec|uisites ioT the raising of all kinds
(if vegetables and small berries. This with a
climate equally suited, a ready market in San
Jose and a still larger one in San Francisco,
makes the business of production a most prof-
itable one and gives employment to a large
number of people. The seed output will more
than double the amount of other garden prod-
ucts. One of the seed farms located near San
Jose is the largest in the world. In the future
another soil industry may be added — flax cul-
ture. Statistics show that it is very profitable
and in tine opinion of experts the climate and
soil of the valley meet every requirement.

"While San Jose is noted as a horticultural
center its industries along the line of manu-
factures are not unimportant. There are
many luml)ering manufactories in the city and
viciriit}'. 'J'here are flour mills, iron and l)rass
foundries, tanneries, carriage factories, mar-
1de works, cigar factories — but stay, it is l)et-
ter to give you a list ])repared l>y the Chandier
of Commerce, so you see what San Jose can

l.Hiast of: Acme Sheet Metal Manufactory,
Anderson-Barngrover Mfg. Co., manufactures
fruit and canning machiner_v; T. D. Anderson,
awning and tent makers; Banks Corporation,
manufactures Banks' Evaporator ; Bean Spray
Pump Co., manufactures pumps, gas and trac-
tion engines; Beech Nut Co., jams and pre-
serves ; E. Benone, Ravioli and Noodle Mfg.
Co. ; Harry Bobbitt, California Wall Paper
Mills ; Braslan Seed Growers Co. ; Burns ^vlat-
tress Co.; Bvron Jackson Iron A\'orks, cen-
trifugal and turl)ine pumi)s ; California Seed
Growers' Association; Campl)ell iK: Biidlong
r\Iachine Works, pumps and engines ; Chase
Lumljer Co.; Christian Mfg. Co., harvester
teeth ; Cowell Lime and Cement Co. ; Delmas
Paper Co. ; Eagle Bod}' Mfg- Co., auto body
builders and repairers; Farmers' Grain and
Poultry Supply Co. ; Finnett-McEwen Co.,
tractors; Fisk Rubber Co.; Garden City Glass
Co.; Garden City Potter}-; Garden City Ruli-
ber Works; Garden City Implement and Ve-
hicle Co. ; Glenwood Lumber Co. ; James
Graham Mfg. Co., stoves and ranges ; Hart's
Auto Signal Tail Light Co. ; Hubbard & Car-
niichael, lumber and mill work; Kimberlin
Seed Co.; Knapp Plow AA'orks ; San Jose Bot-
tling Co. ; San lose AVire Strapping Co. :
Aloenning & HarA-ard. pumps and engines;
IMussos Outing iv Equipment Co.; I'acific Gas
cS; Electric Co. ; Pacific Mfg. Co. ; Pacific Shin-
gle and Box Co.; Peterson-Kartschoke Brick
Co. ; Pioneer Rubber Co. ; National Axle
Mfg. Co.; San Jose Broom Factory; San Jose
Fk)ur Co. ; San Jose Marble & Granite Works;
San Jose Foundry ; San Jose Lun-ilter ^'ard ;
San Jose Paper Mills; Ravenna Paste Co.;
Schuh & Vertin, granite and marlde works;
Security Cold Storage Co. ; Sperry Flour Co. :
X'acuum System OH Refining Co.; San Jose
Implement Co.; Marvel Compound Co., boiler,
gas engine and radiator compounds; Pitch
Pump & Supply Company, Smith Manufac-
turing Company, and several others. Besides
tliese four Building and Loan Associations,
eighteen dairies and creameries, eight whole-
sale flour and grain houses, nineteen l)utcher
shops, over one hundred grocers, five sani-
tariums and hospitals, a telephone company
with over 14,000 subscribers, and t)ther lines
of Inisiness. ()ne drawl^ack to the proper de-
A'elopn-ient of manufacturing industries was
the lack of cheap fuel, but a factor of the
greatest nnportance \vas furnished in 1901
when the Standard Electrical Power Com-
])an}-, with plant at Blue Lakes, put up poles
and wires in Santa Clara County and fur-
nished 15,000 hf>rsepow-er for every purpose
for which it could l)e used."

"Tell me more aljout San Jose, itself. I
want the details."

HISTORY OF SANTA CF.ARA COUNTY

15'J

"San Jose," said the old resident, with tj^-lis-
tening eyes, "is the garden spot of California,
the Oueen City of the Pacific Coast. It is
lieautifully situatctl in the center of the \aU
lev, snrroinnled by the richest frnit growing
section in the world, and having within its
boundaries all the elements conduci\e to a
happy existence. I ha\e told you of the cli-
mate, you know something respecting the re-
sources of the C(.mtiguous territor\', and "N'ou
will therefore understand that trade must nat-
urally gra\itate to the cit)- by reason of its
location with outl}'ing sections. The con-
stancy and certaint}' of trade enal)Ies the
farmers and orchardists to ])ay cash for su])-
plies and in turn insures the pros|)erit\- of the
merchants. But the fruit industrv and the
manufacturing concerns form 1)ut X\\i> factors
in promoting commercial healthfulness. Hun-
dreds of thousands of dollars flow in annuallv
from the educational and cither public institu-
tions situated in San Jose and its near vicinitv'.

"It is one of the most beautiful residence
cities in the state on account of its charming-
situation, ^ulri^ aled climate, Ijeautiful land-
scape, educational facilities, accessiljilit)- to
the great metropolis <")f the coast, and to the
intelligence, refinement and enterprise of its
people. H is connected ^^•ith San Francisco
with three lines of steam railroads, one line, a
transcontinental one, running from San Fran-
cisco and San Jose along the coast to i^os An-
geles and thence East. There are also elec-
tric lines running to Palo Alto on the north,
Los Altos, Cupertino and Saratoga on the
west and Los Gatcjs and Campbell on the
south. In the near future the electric cars will
convey passengers from San Jose to San Fran-
cisco. A new transcontinental line, started in
1917 and finished in 1922, is the AVestern Pa-
cific. A Ijranch line was built from Niles."

"How al)out auto stages? Do you have
them ?

"Of course." replied the old resident, se-
renely, "for we're up to date in San Jose.
There are hourly auto stages to San Fran-
cisco, Oakland, Stockton, Sacramento, Gilroy,
Los Gates, Saratoga and other points. In
fact }-ou can get an auto to take you any-
where in the state. And talking about autos —
I will inform you that San Jose is the pride
of the automobilists of California, for it has
more roads, better roads, more Ijeautiful
spots — ^•alley or mountain — more orchard
avenues than any other section of the state.
The state highway runs through San Jose
with branches to Santa Cruz, Gilroy and other
towns in the county. Besides there are hun-
dreds of miles of paved roads paid for b}- the
board of supervisors acting for the county."

The man from the l{ast made a movement
in the direction of his watch pocket, Init it
was not comideted. Some restraining influ-
ence was at w(jrk. Presently he said: "You
s])eak of educational facilities. A city or town
may ha\ e climate to burn, the scenic Ijeauties
that ]ioets ra\'e a1)out, l)ut unless it ))ossesses
a full measure of the best of civilizing influ-
ences it fails <jf l)eing the 'one and altogether
Irjx'cly spot' to me."

The old resident listened comidacently. "I
think I can satisfy you," he replied, "for one
of tile strongest appeals that San Jose makes
to the seekers of homes is that it is the center
of the finest system of educatiiJii to be found
on the r\acific Coast. In the city itself are the
public schofils from primary t<"i high, and
many academies and pri\-ate schools. The
high school building, or buildings, for there
are many of them, cover acres of ground, and
with the improvements mapped out for this
}-ear — athletic grounds, new structures and an
increased equipment — makes the cost upwards
of one million dollars. The school has the
highest uni\-ersity rating and the course of
study emljraces almost every department of
cftlture from the rudiments of learning up to
the arts, sciences and classics. The grammar
schools, nine in number, are comparatively
new, are l)uilt in the mission form with spa-
cious grounds, up-to-date sanitary conditions
and all the apjdiances of first-class metropoli-
tan institutions. And there are in the city com-
mercial schools, church schools, and schools of
painting, industrial arts and metaDhysics. In
vSan Jose is located the State Teachers"
College, with an eflicient corps of instruct-
ors for the education of teachers: the College
iif Notre Dame, one of the leading Catholic
institutions of learning and morals in the
United States, devoted particularly to the
training of young girls: and the St. Joseph's
school fcir boys. T\vo miles from the heart of
the city at College Park is the College of the
Pacific, the leading Methodist College of the
Pacific Coast, with a Conservatorv of Music
attached; at Santa Clara, three miles distant,
is the University of Santa Clara, founded bv
the Fathers of the Society of Jesus and hav-
ing commercial, law, scientific and classical
courses, and with a reputation that extends to
e\ery part of the United States. Palo Alto,
nineteen miles distant, about half an hour's
ride from San Jose, boasts of the Leland Stan-
ford Jr. University. It is designed in this
uni\'ersit}' to represent the crown and out-
come of the new education, specialized, how-
ever., on the highest planes in utilitarian di-
rections. This uni\-ersity is really an asset of
San Jose and as such I speak of it.

160

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

"It might l)e well fur you to kiinw that San
Jose is a city of churches, every denomination
of importance beintj represented. The cost of
the l)uildint;s, which in their ornateness add
much to the l)eaut\- of the city, rans^e from
$5,000 to $200,000. ' In the line of charitable
institutions there is the sanitarium built by
the donation of the late Judge M. P. O'Con-
nor and conducted l)y the Sisters of Charity;
the Pratt Home for old ladies, the Sheltering
Arms, and the Orphans' Home, conducted by
the Ladies' Benevolent Society. Resides there
are many other organizations, like the Good
Cheer Club and the Elks which care for the
sick and distressed."

"How about pulilic buildings?" asked the
Easterner. "Do they match the other things
you have been talking about?"

"The}- do and they present much that is
architecturally beautiful and substantial. The
Court House, Hall of Records, Hall of Justice,
Cit)' Hall and Postoffice cost one million and
a half dollars in the aggregate, and each struc-
ture is massive and imposing. The Carnegie
Library, built by a donation from Andrew
Carnegie, is a handsome structure, located in
one corner of Normal Square, and answers the
public needs. The business houses of San
Jose are large, well built and attractive struc-
tures. There are two skyscrapers — the First
National Bank building, nine stories, and the
Garden Citv Bank and Trust Company build-
ing, seven stories. The residences, as a rule,
are in the bungalow style, costing from $2,000
to $75,000. Some of the suburban residences
are veritable palaces and they stand as mon-
uments of art and beauty in the midst of lu.x-
uriant gardens and thrifty orchards. Speak-
ing of gardens, San Jose has well been called
the Garden City of California. Flowers grow
sti easily and al^undantly that e\ery residence
has its flower garden and every month in the
year some \-arieties are in bloom. There is no
snow and the frosts are so light that only the
most delicate plants are affected. There is no
time in the winter when the ground may not
be worked, so that under what are semi-tropical
conditions the growth of flowers has every-
thing in its favor. The facility with \\-hich the
flowers are grown add much to the beauty of
the public parks, of which there are four,
ranging in size from three to thirty acres.

"Are there anv health resorts in the neigh-
borhood of San Jose, any drives or — "

"Enough to beat the band," was the expres-
sive response. "The city owns a natural park
known as Alum Rock, which is one of the most
picturescpie and inviting spots in the state.
It is biit se\-en miles distant, covers an. area
of about 1,000 acres, is under control of the
city government, and is reached by three fine

driveways and an electric railway. There are
bath houses, plunges, a restaurant, swimming
tank, esplanade, a concrete dam for the water
supph', beautiful park-like enclosures for flow-
ers, and lovely walks in every direction. The
fame of the mineral waters has spread far and
wide. There are other mineral springs not
far from San Jt>se, and the fact that they are
located far above the sea level and with most
attractive natural surroundings make them
sought after by both the invalid and the tour-
ist. The roads about San Jose are among the
best in the state, for the reason that they are
not only kept in first class condition the year
round but are sprinkled continuously from the
end of one wet season to the beginning of an-
other. This w(jrk is done under an energetic
and up-to-date board of supervisors.

"While there are charming drives through
the orchard districts, to the quicksilver mines
at New Almaden, to Los Gatos and Saratoga
in the western foothills, to the Big Basin, the
great redwood park in the Santa Cruz Moun-
tains : to Alviso and Milpitas near San Fran-
cisco Bay, along the far-famed Alameda to the
town of Santa Clara and in other directions
where the natural prospect is inviting to the
eye, the one most favored by tourists is the
dri\-e to the Lick Observatory on the summit
of Mt. Hamilton."

"I have heard of the Observatory," inter-
posed the man from the East, "but I never
connected San ]c)se with it."

"It is San Jose's greatest auxiliary attrac-
tion, though the Big Basin is running as a
close second. The road that leads to the Ob-
servatory is twenty-seven miles from San Jose
and was built at the expense of the taxpayers.
It is conceded to be the finest mountain road
in the world and cost upwards of $75,000. It
was upon the condition that Santa Clara
County should l)uild the road that James Lick,
millionaire philanthropist, agreed to construct
the (Jbservatory and equip it with the finest
astronomical appliances in the world. The
important discoveries that have been made
since the astronomers began their work have
gi\-en the Obser^•ator^- a W(jrld-wide fame.
The beautiful scenery of the Coast Range is
seen at its best on the road to the summit, and
the drive up the. mountain is as much an at-
traction as a look at the hea\ens through the
great thirty-si-x inch glass."

"If tourists should ^■isit v^an jose for a
trip to the (Jbservatory \\-hat accommoda-
tions would they find?"

"As good as can be found anvwdierc. There
are twenty-se\'en hotels, liesides dozens of
lodging houses. The finest hotels, metropoli-
tan in ever}' respect, with electric lights, heat-
in.g plants, elevators and the finest of service

niSTC)R\- ()!■ SANTA CI.ARA COUN'J^Y 161

arc the W-ndonie. Hotel .Moul.';Diiicry and '-iw vers, and tliat tluTc are over 100 auto sales-
Hotel St. janios," i';""is, .^ara-es and service stations: that over

"Vou ha\e spoken about the climate, scenic 1-,000 automobiles are (jwned in San Jose and

and other attractimis. IbiNC ) on a system of ''^ least hall that number by residents of out-

se\vera!;-e. and how docs it operate?" ■'^i'lc' districts; that there arc fraternal orders

"San Jose has a system, a perfect one, and ,t;">'il"i'<^' I'csides clubs for men and clubs for

it operates to the satisfaction of the entire """icn, the latter for social culture, educa-

communit\-. The citv, vou must understand, tional and literary advancement, and in the in-

is located' on ;i plain 'which slopes .gently '^Tc'st (.f morality; that there are six banks,

toward the bay. The problem of drainage, ^^'y'hcient police force and fire department, a

therefore, which has in sections less favor- V}^''^'<~' library, fine, costly buildings for the

ably situated involved great expense, \\as in ' .^'^^ ''^- '"i*' "^ ■ ^\'. C. A,, Protestant, and

San Jose easily solved. The fall is about ten \| " , ^[' \" Catholic; a Humane Societv,

feet to the mile, enough to insure a rapid flow '^' ^^fli^~<'^l Society, J'ioneers Society, six thea-

of water and there are now over sixty miles ^"^'"^ (three of them motion picture houses),

of main and branch sewers. The principal '"'''n}' concert and lecture halls, a system of

drainwav is built of brick and is five feet in ''"'''^' delivery that reaches every part of the

diameter." county, thus insuring a daily delivery of mail

"Where do }-ou get your water supply?"

iy earners; that the total valuation of all

-V 4 ' ■ 11 1 j: ii 1 1 uoperty in the citv amounts to $'6^Ufi(^(V

I'rom artesian wells and from the lakes .,, ! ,, ' , ,. - '"'"'"'iis lo ^„u,^o-i-,ouu ,

1 i -i i- 1 1 ■ 1 ■ ii in;a tne population within the leo-al bonndn

and streams situated high up in the moun- ,.;>,;, mnno , \ icj,ai uounaa-

'pi 1-11 1 ■ lies IS over 40,000 and that it would be at

tarns. The supply is ample and can be in- i,.„^. a; nnn ■{ <-\ i , , "'J"iu "e at

11 1 , fni least 0:1,000 it the suburban districts rea h- -i

creased whenever occasion demands. I he ,^^^f „; Vi ■. r i'^ohls, iedu_\ a

pressure to the hydrants from the water '^'^ \ ' "' '° i""' '""''' '^'''' business

brought in pipes from the hills is fifty-five ' "^ o^l ]t ""''' ^■^"'-~"""'' "'^''^^ admitted as a
pounds to the square inch."

"How about taxes?" ■^'"*^ -^■"." t'lrough?" "Nearly. Have vou

"Not high. L'p to May, 1920, the citv rate ''*"-^' questions to ask?" "You seem to have

was$1.19.'"Of this eighty-five cents was for the '^'^-'^t everything worth having down your

support of the city government, fifteen cents "''*>': '^"^ ^ """1^' ^'''n J"se will be found lack-

for the school department, and nineteen cents "''f^'" '^"« respect. '

for the payment of principal and interest on ^he man from the East paused and with a

bonded indebtedness of $659,400. In i\lay, ["^'"^ which said, "I've got you, now," waited

1920, at the regular city election, it was voted ''"' ^he old resident to speak.

to increase the tax rate to thirty-five cents, the "If we haven't got it, it isn't worth having."

increase to last for three years only, t(j .gi\e "f do not agree with you. I like relaxation,

the city a chance to recover from the loss (jf 'All \\-ork and no plav' makes Jack a d'ull bov.'

liquor licenses due to the wiping out of the I require outdcior exercise with some ni'ce

saloons through Prohibition. . ozone thrown in to give me a healthy- ccdor

"In conclusion," sadi the old resident, "1 and take the kinks out of my muscles."
will sa}- that we are working under a com- "Ah. I see. You want a baseball or a cy-
mission form of go\'ernment, Avith a cit)- man- clers' clul). We have both in San lose. \Ve
ager as its principal officer; that we have a ha\e the automobile as well and as for hunt-
Chamber of Commerce, a live, progressive in,g and fishing, no county in the interior of
body of representative men; a Merchants As- the state oilers better inducements."
sociation, the Rotary, Pi(ms, Ci^dc A\'elfare, "They are all right, but you haven't o-ot
a Commercial Clul"), a Progressive Business \\diat I want and that's a golf club."
.Men's Associatifjn, ( )ne Hundred Per Cent The old resident's face fairly beamed:
Club and the Commercial Club for placing San "Haven't got a golf club? Why.' man alive,
Jose in large letters on the map ; that the \ve'\e got the best golf club in Central Cali-
streets of San Jose are lighted by electricit}- ; fornia,"
that car lines operated by electricity traverse "You can't mean it."

the city in every direction and extend to out- "I do. It was organized about twentv" years

lying towns; that fifty-nine railway trains ago, has as fine links as an\- one could \vish,

leave the cit}- daily: that the city has two with an ornate club house, replete with every

daily newspapers, the Mercury (morning) and up-to-date conyenience and costing alxnit

the Nezvs (evening) furnishing the news of $20,000. The links are located on rising

the world by Associated Press and United ground at the foot of the eastern hills about

Press dispatches; that all trades and profes- four miles from the city. A prettier location

sions are represented — there are forty. fi^■e could not be found. The club house has an

dentists, seventy-seven physicians and eighty outlook that takes in the whole valle\-. It goes

162 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

^\■ith(lut saying that the chib is cf)m])osed of hshing- of a real port of entry for vessels. It

men and women who represent the best in was the intention, through G(5vernment aid,

societ\- and business." to dredge the slougli, make it passable for

"AA'hat are }-our [irospects for the future?" transportation craft and thus provide San

"They are ^ er}- bright. Money is easil}- Jose with water as well as railway transporta-

ol)tainable and in a business ^vay San Jose is tion for her products. The war sto]3ped the

prosperous. Its various res<iurces and utili- project, but Sunnyvale, nine miles from San

ties combine to make it so. The Chamber of Jose, has taken it up and a port, near the San

Commerce is rloing wonders in the way of [ose line, will soon he in ojieration. vSo you

promoting business acti\ity, fostering im- ^^^e that in 1*^22 the Citv of San Jose oflfers a

provements and paving the way for all enter- fjj-^^. ^(.p] f, ir the in\'estment of money."
prises looking to the citv's advancement along ..^^.^jj^ climate, production, opportunity,

the best lines. Sexen miles north of San Jose p, p.. .•^-J, "

is the port of ;\h'iso, situated on a slough ' " -^ i i i ^t t,;-

which empties into San Francisco P.av. Be- ^^^ man from the East now looke.l at h.s

fore the European war the citv bought'a strip ^vatch. " I he Los .\ngeles tram has gone,

of land extending along the'Alvis'^o road to he said.^ "Well?';^ "There s the tram for San

Alviso and more'land suitable for the estab- Jose. I'll take it."

CHAPTER XVI.

Additional Events in the History of San Jose— The Advent of Street Cars and
Other Metropolitan Advantages — The Crimes of the Seventies, Eighties
and Nineties — A New Form of Government.

An act to incorporate the city of San Jose which were jjaid for in 1865, thus leaving the

was passed by the Legislature, Alarch 27. city out of debt.

]R50. by which it \\-as directed that the city A new charter was adopted in 1857. Under

government should consist of a mayor and the new s}'Stem the government of the city

seven c(]Uncilmen, \vhi:) were designated a was \ ested in five trustees, a treasurer, a

"body politic and corporate" under the name clerk and assessor, and a collector,

of "the Mayor and Common Council " This j,.j 1353 gambling was licensed, $500 for

name was retained until the city adopted the ^^^.^-^ table.

c.mmission form of government ,11 l<n6. The ,pj^^. Democratic partv in San fose was or-

first city tax was levied July 11, 8d0 and was ^^^^-^^^^^ ;,, 5^33^ y^^. _,^; ^ ^p^ncer was prcsi-

l,,r one per cent_(,n the assessed value <,t all -j^.^^^^ j^^,^^^ ^j^ yiurphy and Samuel Morrison,

I)ror)ert^' 1 he first council AOted tnemselx'es - • . lo^f li r. i- i-

pioi)eiL_\. 1 iiL iii:m ^.wLiiiv^ii ^ secretaries. In 18.^4 the first con\entif)n was

pay at the rate ot six dojlar.s per day. Ihis |^^,,^| .^^ ^,^^ ^^^-^^^^ ^^^ ^,^^ ^^^^^,^_^^ chairman,

ordinance was repealed_ m December ot the ,p|^,„^^,^g , ^y .,^^ . ^ecretarv. P.' K, Woodside.

same year, on motion ot Dr. Ben Cory, ilie ■ . '.,.,„., ,

first o'rder looking to the improvement of the ' he W hig party was organized m bV^3 and

, 1 ^ „ T^a,,..,^1l^u,- 7 l>?mi M^hi.-ln on iil\' \. a con\-ention was lield witli Lole-

streets was made on JJecemljer z, itiov, wnicn .' - • , ,, , . ,..^ „

■ 1 1 i ~',i- .^11-- ;,T ti-,,. i.,,c;npu^ r,nrt , ,f iiiau ^oiingcr, chairman, and rredenc Hall,

|)rovided tor sidevalks m tne Dusiness pan 01 t. •

the city. The income of the city for its first secretary.

>ear of incorporation was $37,359.30; ex]iendi- In 1854 a district school was established,

lures, $37,106.04. The expenses included a Freeman Gates, principal.

debt of $7,500 handed doA\n from the Ayuntia- In 1855 the Know-Nothing jjart)' came into
meiito of 1849. The cit\- was (li\ided into four existence but held no con\ention. Its candi-
wards in April, 1853, and a fire warden ap- dates were nominated b}- primar}-.
pointed for each ward. .\n api)ropriation (jf 'Ph^ Republican jiarty was organized in
$2,000 for fire apparatus was also made. ]S56 and a coinention was held the same year
In 1855 the office of cajjtain of ](olice A\as with J. H. Morgan, chairman; A. C. Erkson
created and the same \'ear the ma}'or and and M. v^awx'er, \ ice-chairmen ; C. (.t. Thomas
council hebl session in the new city hall on and R. Fl utchiiison, secretaries.
^Market Street, north of Santa Clara Street. In In 1857 San Jose was remapped.
1866, by act of the Legislature, the city funded In 1858 the ,\nti-Lecompton (Douglas-
its flcjating debt by the issuance of bonds. Democrat) jiarty conxened at the city hall.

HISTdRV ()F SAXTA CLARA COL'X'I'Y

163

AY. "SI. Lent, chairman, and Freeman Gates,
secretary.

An ordinance authorizint;" the cit^' tn la\'
g"as pipes was passed January 11, 1S38. In
July, 1860, James Hagan secured a franchise
from the cit}' for this purpose. The first lights
were g'i\'en on Januar^' 21, 1861. There were
then (.inh- fight\'-four consumers and seven
street lights.

In 1861 Jasper D. Gunn, city marshal, ab-
sconded, having eml)ezzled $2,700 of the city's
money. Gunn was accpiitted of the criminal
charg"e but his liondsmen ^^•ere sued b)" the
cit^' and judgment obtained against them.

Donald Mackenzie, in May, 1864, was
granted permission to lav water pipjcs in the
streets of the cit\\ This was the lieginning of
the San Jose A\'ater Company.

In 1865 a firidge was budt (")\er Coy(")te
Creek at Santa Clara Street. The same ^•ear
the ]\lansion House, liuilt in 1850, was fnirned.

In April, 1867, Abijah ?vIcCall, countv treas-
urer, absconded, being a defaulter in the large
sum of $2,3,762.41. He \\-as arrested and con-
victed.

A\'illiam Blanch, an Englishman, was mur-
dered on ^la}- 16, 1860, while at labor in a
field he \A'as cultixating about a mile from San
Jose. The murderer was an Indian named
Sal\-ador Garcia, \\ ho had been accused b}' the
deceased of stealing a rope, Garcia was
hanged.

In March, 1868, the Legislature granted to

5. A. Bishop and others a franchise to con-
struct a horse railroad along the Alameda. Un
August 31 work on the road \\-as started and
on XoAcmber 1, the cars made their initial
trip, running from First Street, San Jose, to
Main Street in Santa Clara. In 1869 the line
\\-as extended eastward along Santa Clara
Street to the Co}-ote Creek bridge On Jul\-

6, 1870, the board of supervisors granted the
companv permission to use steam, pf'ti}- or
pneumatic propelling power, and on Novem-
ber 6, 1877, authority was granted to permit
cars to run over the bridge to McLaughlin
A\"enue.

Un AA'ednesday, October 1, 186S, at eight
o'clock in the morning a severe earthcpiake
shook California. San Jose sutiered consid-
erable The hea^•y brick cornice of Murph}-'s
building, corner of Market and El Dorado
Streets, fell to the ground. The Presbyterian
Church on Second Street sustained great
damage. All the brick turrets fell and large
portions of the steeple were precipitated
through the roof to the floor. The large water
tank o\-er the roof of Moody's flour mill fell
through the roof, carr)'ing destruction in its
course. Their wooden storehouse, 100 feet in
length, filled with grain, \\"as totally wrecked.

Two Large chimnews of the San fose Institute
were tlirown down, one of them crashing
through into the rcKims below. A portion of
the rear wall of Welch's livery stable fell.
Otter's unfinished Idock at the corner of First
and St. Jolm Streets was severely dama.ged.
There was not a liricL building in the city that
was not more or less injured.

'Lhe next winter San Jose was visited by a
se\ere flood, 'idle Los Gatos and Guadalupe
Creeks o\-erfio^\-ed their banks, flooding the
lands adjacent thereto. The high grade of the
h.irse railroad track dammed the Water back
south of Santa Clara Street, inundating the
houses and yards. The water broke over the
track flooding the low grounds between the
College of Notre Dame and the Guadalupe.
.\bout a hundred feet of the railroad track was
swe|:it away. The main portion of the city
from Third to Seventh Streets was under
water to the depth rif se\-eral inches.

In 1870 the population of San Jose was 9,118.

In 1871 A\'ashington Square was granted to
the state as_a site for a Normal School. On
April 3, 18/1, .Mayor Adolph Pfister sent a
communication to the council stating that he
had donated his salary for the year ($600) for
the purpose of aiding in the establishment of
a puljlic lilirary.

In December, 1871, another flood, caused
Ij.v overflow from the Guadalupe and Los Ga-
tos Creeks, On the east side of River Street
se\-en small cottages floated down stream for
a distance of a third of a mile. During the
flood all communication \vith the outside
\\'orld was suspended. Since that date the
two creeks have been widened and improved
so that now there is no danger of o\'erflows.

On January 22. 1864, the Santa Clara Val-
le}- & Luml^er Compan}- was incorporated
with a capital stock of $300,000. The directors
were William P. Doughertv, Y\L H. Hall,
Samuel McFarland, E. AV. Haskell, Y'. w'
Pratt, John Aletcalf and G. Y'. McLellan.

(.)n January 5, in the District Court, Judge
Da\-id Belden presiding, Tilnircio Yascjuez,
the notorious bandit and murderer, was placed
on trial for the murder of Leander Davidson,
hotel keeper at Tres Pinos, San Benito
Count}-. This was the most celelirated trial
ever held in San Jose. Attorney General
J(jhn Lord Love, assisted by N. C. Briggs
and Hon. YV E. Lovett, of Llollister and Dis-
trict Attorney Thomas Bodle}' of Santa Clara
Count}-, appeared for the prosecution. The
night l)efore. Judge C. B. Darwin, of San
Francisco, to whijm had been intrusted the
princijial management of the defense, with-
drew fr(jm the case, Liefore the Iieginning of
the trial. Judge Y'. H. Collins anrl Judge J. A.
Moultrie were retainerl to assist P. B. d'ullv.

164

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

I if (lilroy, as attorneys for the prisoner. F.N'ery-
thiny; being' in readiness Vasquez was placed
on trial. AX'hen the conrt adjourned in the
afternoon, the followinj^" residents of Santa
Clara County had been selected t() serve as
jurors: G. W. Reynolds, foreman, Tyler
Brundage, Frank Hamilton, M. Dornlierger,
Noah Parr, ^l. Tobin, G. C. Fitzgerald, |. W.
Moorehead, S. T. Woodson. M. Lubliner,"C. S.
Towle, Flugh O'Rourke. On Saturday, Jan-
uary 9, a verdict of .guilty of murder in the
first degree, was rendered and on Alarch 19,
the execution took place in the jail yard.

Vascjuez' career was one long series of law-
less acts. He was born in Mcmterey in 18,^5.
was a wild, harum-scarum }'oungster, but he
did not give the officers an}' trouble until
just before he reached his si.xtecnth year.
Before an occurrence which launched him into
a career of crime, his associates were Mexi-
can law-breakers, cattle thieves, mainly,
Avhose iiperations l^ecame extensive soon after
the occupation of California by the Ameri-
cans. C)ne night, in company with Anastacio
Garcia, a Mexican desperado, he attended a
fandango. A quarrel over a woman, the fatal
shooting of the constable while trying to
maintain order, the lynching of one of Vas-
quez' associates and the formation of a vigi-
lance committee sent \"asquez into hiding
from which he emerged to ally himself with
a band of horse thicA'CS.

In 1857 he came to grief, but five years'
sequestration in the state prison faided to pro-
duce any change in his morals. (..)ne month
after his discharge he was operating as a
highwav roliber on the San Joaquin plains.
Chased l")y officers into Contra Costa County,
he sought and obtained refuge at the ranch of
a Mexican «'ho was the father of a jirett}' and
impressionable daughter. She easily fell a
victim to the seductive wiles of the handsome,
dashing voung knight of the road. <.)ne morn-
ing Anita and Vas(|uez were missing. With
stern face the father of the girl mounted his
fleetest mustang and started in pursuit. He
overtook the loNcrs in the Li^•ermore \"alley.
The)' were resting under a tree b_y the road-
side' X'asquez saA\' .Anita's father and sprang
to his feet, but made no hostile demonstra-
tion. His code of honor forbade an attack on
the man he had wronged. ;V cpiick under-
standing of the situation sent Anita to her
loA'er's side. "If you kill him you must also
kill me," she screamed. The lather frowned.
Vasquez, with hands folded, stood Avaiting.
After some consideralum the ranch owner
said if Anita \\'ould return home her lover
might go free. The girl consented and Vas-
quez shrugged his shoulders as father and
daughter rode away.

Transferring his field of operations to So-
noma County, Vasquez prospered for awhile,
but one day in attempting to dri\e off a band
of stolen cattle, he was arrested and for the
offense spent four years in San Quentin prison.
Immediately upon his discharge in June, 1870,
he laid plans for robbery on a much larger
scale than he had before attempted. Selecting
as his base the Cantua Canyon, a wild and al-
most inaccessible retreat in the Mt. Diablo
Range, formerly the camp and shelter of Joa-
quin Murietta, he gathered about him a band
of choice spirits and for four years carried on
a warfare against organized society, the like
of which California had never before experi-
enced. Stages, stores, teams and individuals
were held up in the counties of Central and
Southern California, and though posse after
posse took the field against him he succeeded
in eluding capture. In the hills he was safe.
Vliite settlers were scarce and the Mexican
population aided and befriended him, princi-
])ally through fear. Besides, his sweethearts,
as he called them, were scattered throughout
the hills of the Coast Range, from San Jose
to Los Angeles. They kept him posted re-
garding the movement of the officers and more
than once he escaped capture through their
vigilance and actiA'it}'.

In the fall r)f 1871, after a daring stage rob-
bery in San Benito Count}', Vasquez got
word that one of his sweethearts would be at
a dance in llollister that night. He resolved
to be in attendance. The dancing \\'as at its
height A\'hen he appeared. Becoming flushed
with wine his caution deserted him and he re-
mained until near the break of day. He was
not molested and emboldened b\' a sense of
securit}' he went into the barroom and en-
gaged in a game of cards Avith one of the
women. Llere he A\'as seen and recognized
bv a law and order Mexican. The constable
was notified, a posse was organized and a plan
laid to pot Vas(|uez at the moment i")f his ap-
pearance at either of the diiors. A woman
ga\"e X'asquez warning nf his danger, and dis-
guised with her mantilla and skirt, the bandit
\\'ent (lut of the dance hall, crossed m front of
the approaching posse, found his horse,
mounted it and Avas beyond the danger limit
before the deception was discovered.

.V few days later he stopped the stage from
the New Idria mines. A woman's head
showed at the door as A^as(|uez covered the
drix'er with a ride. She was the wife of one
of the mine bosses, a man who had once be-
friended the outlaw. "Don't do it, Tiburcio,"
she entreated. V^asquez looked at the grim
faces of his foIloAvers, hesitated a moment,
then liiwered his rifle. "Drive on," was his
curt command. The stage lumbered away and

HISTORY n\< SANTA CLAUA CoUN'IA'

165

(he hainlit loader faeed a situation that de-
nianiled all his skill and nei"\ e. '[diat he sne-
eeetled in plaeatini;" his follnwers nui}- he taken
tor granted tor that same da}- the hand roM)ed
a store and then rode toward a hiding ]daee
in the Santa Cruz Range.

AAdiile the rolthers rested, the sherilTs of
three eounties \\-ere searehing for them. A
few miles al)0\"e v'^anta Cruz the oHieers and
the outlaws met. In the fight that ensued
two of \ asquez's men were killed outright
and \"as(|ucz was shot in the hreast. ddroui;h
desperateK' wounded, he stood his ground, put
tlie ofrieers tei rout and then rode sixt^• miles
liefore he halted for friendh' ministration.
When aide to stand on his feet he rode to the
Cantua Canvon, where he found the remnant
of his hand.

There he planned a sensational fall eam-
]iaign wdiieh opene<l by a raid on Firelmugh's
Ferrv on the San Joaquin plains. The story
of what oeeurred ^Yas afterward told to the
Inisttirian by Vasquez, wdio said: "1 took a
wateh from a man they ealled the captain. His
wife saw the act, and running up to me thre\\-
her arms around m\ neck and liegged me to
return the wateh to her husliand, as he had
gixen it to her during their eourtship. I ga^'e
it back and then she went into another room
and from behind a chimney took out another
watch. 'Take it,' she said, but I wouldn't. 1
just kissed her and told her to kec]) the Ax'atch
as a memento of our meeting."

Then came the robbery of the Twenty-One
Mile House, in Santa Clara County, wdiich
\vas followed by a descent on Tres Pinos (now
Paieines), a little village twelve miles south
of Hollister, in San Benito Count}-. This raid,
liecause it resulted in a triple murder, aroused
the entire state. Rewards for the capture of
\'asquez, dead or alive, brought hundreds of
man hunters into the field, but for nearly a
\'ear the cunning outlaw successfully defied
his pursuers.

The I'res Pinos affair was the boldest Vas-
cpiez had yet attempted. With four men —
Abdon Leiva, Clodovio Cha^'ez, Romulo
Gonzalez and Teodoro Moreno — he rode into
the village, robbed the store, the hotel, private
houses and individuals, securing booty which
required eight pack horses, stolen from the
hfitel stable, to carry away. The raid lasted
three hours and the men killed ^^•ere Bernard
Bihury, a sheepherder : George Redford, a
teamster, and Leander Davidson, the propriet-
or of the hotel. Bihury came to the store
while the robbery was going on and was or-
dered to lie down. Not understanding either
English or Spanish, he started to run and was
shot and killed. While the robbers were at
work Redford drove up to the hotel with a

load of ])ickets. lie was atten(ling to his
horses when \'as(piez ap]>roac]ied and ordered
liim to lie down. Redford was afflicted wdth
lU-afnt'ss and not understanding the order, but
l)elie\iiig tli.-it his lifi' was threatened, start-
ed ou a run lor the stables. Ide had just
reached th.e door when a jjullet from Vasipiez'
rille jiassed tln-ough his heart, killing him in-
stantly.

All this time tlie front door of the hotel
was open and l)a\idson Avas in the doorway.
Lei\a sa\\' him and shouted. "Shut the door
and kee]i inside and \ou AN^on't be hurt." Da-
\ idsoii stepjied fiaek and A\as in the act oi
closing the door wdien X'asipicz fired a rifle
shot, the bullet passing through the door and
|iiercing I)a\idson's heart. He fell l)ack into
the arms of his \\-ife and died in a short time.

,V short distance from Tres Pinos the bandits
dixided the bootv, each man being counseled
l)_\- \'asqucz to look out for himself. Teiva
had left his \v\ie at a friend's ranch, near
Elizabeth I^ake, Los Angeles County. Thither
he rode to fmd that \"asquez had ])receded
him. As the da}-s passed Lei\a began to sus-
pect that his chief had more than a ]-)latonic
interest in the attractive Rosaria. He called
Vasquez to account suggesting a duel. But
\''asc|uez refused to draw a weapon against
the man he had A\-ronged. After some hot
w(-)rds matters were allowed to drop and for
a few (lavs all went smoothly. Then Vasquez
asked Leiva to go to Elizabeth Lake for pro-
visions. Lei\a consented, but instead of car-
rving out instructions he hunted up Sheriff
Adams, of Santa Clara County, and surrend-
ered, at the same time offering to appear as
state's AA-itness in the event of \*asquez' cap-
ture and trial. Adams started at once for
the bandit's retreat, but Vasquez was not
there. He had Ineen gone man}- hours and ^Irs.
Leiva had gone with him.

A month later Vascpiez deserted the woman
and fled northward. This step w-as induced
b^- the number and acti\-it}- of the officers. The
ijegislature had met and' authorized the ex-
penditure of $15,000 for a campaign against
the daring and desperate fugiti\-e. One sheriff
(Harrv ?*Iorse, of Alameda County) organ-
ized a picked company of fifteen men and
wuth provisions for a two months' outing
started to explore thoroughl}- the mountain
fastnesses of Southern and Central California.
But so efficient w-as Wasquez' system of in-
formation that every move made by the of-
ficers became know-n to him. At last Morse
gave up the hunt. 'Then the irrepressible
Tiburcio made up for lost time. Robbery after
robbery followed in quick succession. After
holding up a number of stages, Vasquez en-
tered the tow-n of Kingston, Fresno County,

166

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

and there made a rich hauL Stores were phm-
dered, safes broken into, houses looted and
])rovisions, clothing, nionev and jewelry taken
away. The news of the raid spurred the of-
ficers into renewed action. Soon there was a
rush of determined men into Fresno Count^'.
But Y'asquez could not be found. He had re-
treated southward. Of his band of followers
onh- Chavez was left. Conzalez had Med to
Mexico, Leiva was in jail and Moreno was
in San Ouentin, having been tried and given
a life sentence.

,-\ month after the Kingston raid, Vasquez
and Chevez made a descent upon Co3rote
Holes, a station on the Los Angeles and ( )wens
Lake stage rciad. The few residents were tied
to trees, the station was robbed and the two
bandits were about to depart when the stage
a|)peared. After the ])assengers had been
robbed and a goodly treasure taken from
Wells-Fargo cS; Co.'s strong box. the horses
^vere unharnessed, four more taken from the
stables, and with bullion, money, jewelry and
horses the lawless pair departed for the hills.
On the following day Vascpiez and Chavez
stopped the Los Angeles stage near Soledad
and then dissolved partnership, Chavez to ride
for the Mexican border, his California career
forever closed, Vasquez to seek a fa\x>rite hid-
ing place in the Sierra Madre hills. Here, se-
cure from molestation, he remained two
mcjnths, when word was brought to him that
one ijf his sweethearts was staying at the
house of Greek George, not many miles from
Lris Angeles. The place was in the zone of
danger, but Vasquez resoK-ed to go there.
His intention in some way l^ecame known and
word was sent to Sheriff Rf)wland at Los
Angeles. A posse was quickl)- organized, and
placed under charge of Under Sheriff John-
son and the rendez\'ous was soon reachetl.
\'asquez was there and in attempting to es-
cape received eight bullets in his body. It was
thought at first that he could not sur\'i\-e,
l)ut a strong constitution enabled him to ])ull
through.

On May 25. 1874, ele\en days after his cap-
ture Vasquez was transferred to the countv
jail at Salinas, Monterey County. There he
was closely guarded until Jul}' 26. when a
court order was made transferring the trial
to San Benito County. A seconrl (jrder sent
Vasquez to tiie county jail at San Jose for
safe keeping. On the afternoon of the same
day Vasquez reached San Jose, to find himself
in the custody of his olcl adversary, vSherifif
Adams. Afterward the case ^\•as re-trans-
ferred to Santa Clara County and in San Jose
the trial took place, as has l)een stated. Lei\a
was the state's witness. The op])ortunity to
square accounts with the man wdio had

wronged him had come at last. He swore
that X'asquez not only fired the shot which
killed Davidson, but also was responsible for
the other murders committed during the Tres
Pinos raid. His was the only positive testi-
mony, but other and thoroughly reliable wit-
nesses gave sufficient circumstantial corrober-
ation to enable the jury to reach a verdict.
The fatal day came and California's star bandit
walked calmly to the scaiTold and died with
a smile upon his lips. After the execution
Leiva went to Chile, remained there a few
vears, then returned to California. He died
m Sacramento several years ago. Chavez was
killed in Arizona in the fall of 1875 by an
old enemy. The head was severed from the
body and brought to San Juan.

On February 11, 1876, a franchise was grant-
ed to C. T. BiVd, Charles B. Hensley and oth-
ers for a street railroad from Julian and Mar-
ket Streets to Willow Street. Afterwards the
road was extended along First street to the
Southern Pacific Railroad depot and along
Willow street to Lincoln avenue.

In 1877 one of the most remarkable cases
of mistaken identity had its origin in San Jose.
Although there came a revelation on a most
essential point when no revelation was expect-
ed, one mystery remained and that mystery
has never "been solved. John C. Arnold was
a playwright for one of the variety theatres
of San Francisco. He was well connected and
a man of education but he had one beset-
ting fault and that fault was overindulgence
in strong drink. In the summer of 1877 his
condition became such that grave fears for
his reason were entertained by members of his
family. A suggestion was made that a few
months in the country would probably
straighten him out, and as Fred Sprung, a
pioneer minstrel and an old friend, ^^'as re-
siding near San Jose, it was resolved to pack
him olT to the Santa Clara Valley.

Arnold reached San Jose in a shaky con-
dition, but a few days of ozone breathing
seemed to make a ne\\- man of him. ( )ne
morning he left the Sprung residence on Mc-
Laughlin .\venue and came to town. Here
he met a Mexican and the twain hired a rig
from the City Stables, now used as the Santa
Clara Street I^^xtension of Hart's Emjiorium.
and drove in the direction of Los Gatos. The
next morning in Neff's alnnmd orchard, near
the Gem City, a ghastly discovery was made.
Lying under a tree, with a bullet hole in his
tem])le, was the l)ody of a dead man. The
body was I^rought to San Jose and for twenty-
four hours remained unidentified. Then a
newspaper description brought to the city
Frefl Sprung, Mrs. Ned Buckley and Lockhart,
an undertaker from San Francisco. Each posi-

11IS'I^)RV ol'^ SANTA Cl,AkA CoL'N'lA'

167

ti\ely identified the luidy as tliat of idhn
C. Arnold, 'rile features were not disfis^nred
and Spruns;- deelared that without other e\ i-
denee he was ready to swear that the Ixxly
was that i)f his old friend. While visiting at
the Sprung raneh Arnold wore shoes of eer-
tain marked peeuliarities. These shoes were
on the feet of the ilead man. Arnold wore
a hlaek hroatlcloth suit, mueh the worse for
wear, one lapel ha\ing distinguishing marks.
This suit covered the hotl)- of the eorpse.
Arnold carried a gold-headed cane. This cane
was found a short distance from the tree, un-
der wdiich the body was found. Upon one of
the fingers oi the dead man was a ring. When
Mrs. Buckley saw it she declared that it was
one she had presented to Arnold and that an
inscription which she ga\ e would he found on
the inner side. The ring was remo\ed and
the inscription was there as described. At
the inquest two physicians swore that it was
a case of murder and the jury returned a \er-
dict setting forth that John C. Arnidd had
met his death at the hands of some person
unknown to them.

The body was taken to San Francisco and
interred in the Arnold lot in I^one Hill Ceme-
tery. Three months later John C. Arnold in
the flesh and the picture of health reappeared
in San Francisco. He had come by steamer
from Santa Barbara and was amazed when
he learned that he had been kjoked upon as
dead. Although put through a gruelling ex^
amination of Capt. I. W. Lees, then San Fran-
cisco's chief of detecti\'es. he could gi\e no
explanation of the mystery that surrounded
the crime of the almond orchard. All he could
say that he had gone toward Los Gatos, had
had a number of drinks near that town and
that he remembered nothing more until he
awoke in a stage coach going toward Santa
Barbara. Fie knew' that he had changed clothes
with someone and was sure he had been robbed
but as to the identity of the man wdio looked
like him and wdio wore his clothes, he had
not the faintest notion. The Mexican wdio had
accompanied Arnold to Los Gatos was never
fotmd and the name of the man buried in the
Arnold plot has never been discovered. On
account of his striking resemblance to the
playwright Captain Lees thought he ought to
1)6 a relative but investigation on this line
came to nothing. Arnold lived for several
years after his reappearance in San Francisco.

In 1879 the Legislature passed an act au-
thorizing the city to open Market Street
through the Plaza, close San Jose and Guada-
lupe Streets and sell the vacant lands adjoin-
ing Market Street. There was so much op-
position to this that the street commissioner
saw fit to do his work in the dark. The peo-

ple awoke one tnorning to lind the trees and
shrulibery in the line of the street cut down
and destroyed. The scpiare remained in a di-
lapidated con<lition for several years. In 1887
it was selected as the site for the city hall.

In 1870 former Sheriff John H. Adams antl
former Count)' Clerk Cornelius Finley were
murdered by bandits in Arizona. They were
on their way to Tucson from their mine when
the\' were shot and killed from ambush by
Mexican bandits. Both of the murdered men
held office at the court house in San Jose when
Vas(|uez \vas tried. Adams was one of the
l)ra\'est officers in the state and Finley was
extremely ])opnlar on account of his courtesy
and generosit}'.

In January, 1879, J. C. Keane was appoint-
ed city clerk to fill -the vacancjr caused by the
disapi^earance of A\\ N. Castle, a defaulter.
Castle fled to Oregcm and there ended his
life with a pistol bullet.

In Februarv, 1878, the citv library was
turned o\-er to the city.

A systematic system for the improvement
of St. James Scpiare was adopted in 1869. The
grcmnds \\'ere laid out with walks, grass, was
planted and a superintendent was employed.
The system was imp^o^■ed in the winter of
1887-88 and after a few years it was brought
to its present beautiful ccmdition.

In May, 1879, the new constitution was
adopted and in the fall of that year a Work-
ingmen's party was organized. It was in ex-
istence for two years.

San Jose had a sensation in 1881 when
Dick Fellows, the champicm lone-hand high-
wayman of California, came to San Jose to
put the officers on their mettle and furnish
columns of scare-head matter for the daily
newspapers. Fellows, wdiose real name was
Geo. B. Lytle, was a school teacher and lec-
turer before he became a lawdDreaker. It was
claimed in his behalf that he fell from grace
in order that he might assist a near relative,
a poverty-stricken widow. About forty years
ago he robbed eleven stages within a space of
three weeks, his operations extending from
Santa Barbara to San Jose. When he en-
tered Santa Clara County, the sheriffs of half
a dozen cotinties and Wells-Fargo & Co.'s
large force of detectives were at his heels. He
was captured near Mayfield by Cornelius Van
Buren, foreman of the Coutts ranch, a former
constable and justice of the peace, and turned
over to Constable E. E. Burke, of Santa Clara,
so that he could be taken to the county jail
at San Jose. On the way to the jail from
the Market Street depot Fellows asked if he
might be permitted to have a drink l^efore
becoming the inmate of a cell. Burke made
a mistake in consenting to the request. They

16S HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

passed the court house and entered a saloon and he was lound j^"uilt\" and sentenced to he
at the southwest corner of First and St. John hano'ed. At tlie execution a novel feature was
Streets. introduced in making a hair from the head
Fellows -Mt his drink and then made a break "t the murdered Avoman act as the last in-
fer liberty, (dut oi the door he went and strument in the hanging-. In former hangings
dashed up St. [..hn Street toward ^larket. Aft- ■' I'iccc (if chalk line attached to the rope was
er he turned tlie corner he was lost sight of. always used, Init Slieriff I'.ranham had tested
The escajie occurred after dark and therefore ^lie hair, found that it Avould work and this
the search Avas conrlucted under unfavoralde hair stood lietween Wasielewski and death un-
cr.nditions. A few days passed and. then Feb ^'1 't was se\ered by the knife of the e.xe-
loA\-s was recaptured in a cabin near the Guada- cutioner.

lupe mine by Chief-of-Police Dan Flaskell and In 1SS2 the Democratic State Convention
juan E. Edson, a local detecti^-e iifficer. 7de Awas held in the California Theater on Second
was taken to Santa liarbara for trial on ime Street. The leading candidates for Governor
of man}' charges. CouAiction frilloAA'cd and a A\-ere Gen. George Stoneman. a noted cavalry
life sentence Awas im])osed. After the trial he commanfler during the Civil War. and George
triecl to escape, reached the street, TU(Tunted Hearst, father of William Randolph Hearst,
a horse and might ha^-e dieen successful in prriprietor of man}' ncAvspapers in California
getting a\A-a}- if the horse had not bucked and and the East. Stoneman Avas nominated and
thrown him from the sarldle. After ser\dng elected. At this cinvention "\A'. A. January,
as a couA-ict frir tAA'entA' A'eai's he A\'as released of vSan Jose, A\'as noiuinated for state treasurer,
on parole. In ]'■>]/ luan F.dson A\'as first tor- bTe also Avas elected. Another nomination A\-as
tured and then killed at his ranch near Tepic, that of James H. Rudd for congressman from
^Mexico, by a liand of marauding Ridians. Hon- the San Joaf|uin district. He Avas elected,
est, brave and fearless Dan Haskell became serA-ed one term at AA'ashington and AA-as after-
shot gun messenger for A'\'ells-Fargo &- Co. in A\'ard elected governor of the state. In the
Shasta County after his ternr of chief of police nominating convention he Avas opposed by
had expired. In October, 1905, Ayhile in the Hon. R. D. Murphy, of San Jose. The con-
pierformance of his dut}- he Avas shot and killed test Avas very close.

lyA- a highwayman, A\dir) awis attempting to hold One of the most sensational murders e\-er
up the Redding stage, committed in California occurred in June,
In 1882, Jan WasieleAvski, a Pole, murdered 1883. It brought into vicious prominence one
his AA'ife at Los Gatos. He had been but a Lloyd L. Majors, the most dangerous crimi-
short time out cif prison A\diere he had serx-ed nal ever harbored Iia' Santa Clara County, He
a sentence for cattle stealing. In 1877 he mar- had no love for neA\-spapermen, though he t(d-
ried a pretty Mexican girl. After his con\-ic- erated them Avhen he thought he could use
tirin on the cattle stealing charge he told his them. AAdien he could not use them and
Avife that he Avould kill her if she obtained a found their pencils turned against him, he
diAorce. The threat Avas unheeded and Avhen hated them A\dth the hate of a coarse, lying,
AA'asielewski came iiut of prison he found that re\-engeful brute. During his life of forty-
she not onl}- secured a (liA'ijrce but had mar- tAvo }'ears, much of it spent in San Jose, he
ried again. Then he planned to kill her. In had been Avagon-maker, lumber dealer, laAVA'er,
June, 1882, he Avent to her home in Los Gatos, temperance lecturer and saloon keeper. He
met his Avife out rjf doors and stabbed her was not a handsome man : in truth he Ayas
thirteen times. Leaving her (hdng on the jiositiA'elv ugh^ He had a hideous disfigure-
ground the murderer fled, to be captured in mcnt f)f the loAver lip, his forehead Avas Ioaa',
Alarch, 1884, La' Juan Edson and Sheriff R>en his e}'es cold and snaky, and his face Avore an
E. R.ranham, of Santa Clara Count}'. Rjefore haljitual scoavI. In the late '70s, Avhile he lived
he reached the county jail in San Jose the in San Jose, scA'eral buildings oAvned and oc-
prisriner feigned insanity. He Avould not speak cupied I)a' him at different tiines, AA'ere Iiurned.
and Ayi')uld not eat only enough to keep him 'bhe public prejudice against him, caused by
alive. After his trial he sent out a bulletin these burnings, caused him to lea\'e the city
giA'ing notice that a great meeting of the and settle in Los Gatos. At this place he
angels A\'ould come off in a few daA's, that oj-iened a saloon and to it caiue one Joseph
it Avould last tAvo A\'eeks and that in all that Jewell, a good looking jiainter anrl grainer and
time he wcmld he "immortal to the Avorld." recent arri\'al from the East. Majors quickly
The meeting carue off, according to his state- sized him up and A\'hen he suggested to Jewell
ment, and for two Aveeks not a morsel of food a plan to rob and if necessary kill \'V, P. Re-
passed Ins lips. He Avas tried in Ma}', 1884, noAvden, an aged rancher living in the Santa
and his defense Avas insanity. ,\ commission Cruz hills, A\'ho Avas reported to have $20,000
of medical ex]jerts refused t(V> uphold this plea hidden on his ranch, JeAvell readily agreed to

lllS'^OR^' OF SANTA CLARA CoUN'lA'

undertake the icb. As assistant in |e\\ell
Majovs snj^-s^-ested Julm v^howers, an illiterate-
ne'cr-dii-well, wdm had been deiins;- udd jobs
ahiint tnwn and wdinse hn'orile lonnn'inL;" place
was i\la)iirs' salnon. l'rn\ided \vith imple-
ments cif torlnre to be used il Reno^-den ini-
der murdernus jiressure should refuse In dis-
close the hiding;- jilace of his money, the ]iair
left Los Gatos one night and proceeded to the
raiich. Arri\ed there thev found that Renow-
den had a \isitor, a friend from (^lenwood
named Archie Alclntyre. Reno^^'den Avas shot
In- Jewell and Showers killed Mclnt\re.
Though mtirtall)- \\-c)unded Renowden refused
to tell \\here his mone}- could be found and
was then subjected to a nameless torture.
E\"en A\hen suttering the keenest agon\' the
old man stubltornly held his tongue. -\ sec-
ond bullet ended his life and the murderers re-
turned to Los Gatos and infc)rmed Majors
that their mission of roldjery had failed. The\-
\\ere suiiplied A\'ith monc}' and h(.")rses and
quickl}- rode out of town to escape arrest,
^lajors, fearing that he might be suspected of
compHcit}- in the mrn-ders, saddled a horse
and rode to the Renowden ranch to cover up,
if pcissil)le, all traces of the crime. At the time
he supposed that both dead bodies Avere with-
in the house, wdiile, as a matter of fact, Ive-
nowden had lieen killed on the outside and at
some distance frcmi the luiilding. Hurriedh-,
Majors applied the match and wdien he sa\v
the flames leap up he remounted his horse and
rode like the wind to his Los Gatos home. The
ranch house burned to the ground and the
next day the charred remains of ^Iclnt_vre
AA'ere found in the ashes and outside, un-
touched by the fire, was the bod}- of Re-
nowden.

When ^lajors learned that his night ride
had availed him nothing he tried, by lies and
e\-asions to keep the officers from suspecting
that he was the principal in the doid^le crime.
He talked freely to the historian and other
press representatiA-es, nt)t thinking that much
of what he said w-ould be used against him at
his trial. Sho\\'ers was arrested at Gilroy and
made a full confession. Then the hand of the
law reached out and gathered in Majors. A
few- da}-s later Je\\-ell A\'as arrested in I'resno
County.

The three prisoners were lodged in the
county jail at San Jose. In due time Jewell
was tried, convicted and hanged. Showers,
who -was used as a state's w-itness, pleaded
guilty to murder in the second degree, was
given a life sentence. A few- years later he
was killed by a fellow- convict. Majors was
tried in San Jose for the murder of Renowden,
convicted of murder in the second degree and
sentenced to life imprisonment. District At-

torney C'ampbell was not satisfied wilh the
\erdict and st i h;id Majijrs indicted for the
murder of Mclnt\re. A change of venue to
Alameda l'ount\- wris taken and after a
lengthy tri:d Alajors was convicted cjf murder
in the lirst degrt'c and sentenced to lie hanged.
The sentence \\;is executed in May. 1X84.

In 1X86 a most in-iportant prtjpcjsition \\-as
])resented to the \ oters of vSan Jc'ise. The rapid
growth o! the eit\- created a demand f(jr extra-
orihnary ex]}enses, which could not Ije i-tiet
without a l:ii-ge increase in the rate of taxa-
tion. The channels of the streams needed t(-)
be impro\-ed S(] as to prevent ON'erfirnv. A sa's-
tem ol ni)-to-date sew-erage Avas necessary arid
there \\as a rapi<lh- grow-mg demand for in-
creased school facilities. ^V tax sufficient to
meet the requirements \\-ciuld haxe been a bur-
den against w-hich the people \\-ould ha\-e pro-
tested. _\n attempt Avas made in 1874 to
break the charter rule which fcirbade the
Council to create any debt. A resolution was
adopted b}- the council directing the drafting
of a bill to be |)resented to the Legislature,
authorizing the city to issue l.)onds to the
amount of $40,000, the proceeds tcj be used in
the building of school houses. The bonds
w-ere to run tw-enty }-ears and to bear eight
[)er cent interest. Nothing further w-as done
in the matter and it rested until 1880. At the
citv election held that }-ear the matter of issu-
ing bonds, in connection with other proposi-
tions, was subn-iitted to the peojde The re-
sult of the A-ote \\-as as follows : To incur a
delit to build a new city hall — for, 842 ;
against, 1096. To open Second Street through
St. James Square — for, 192; against. 1649. To
establish a free public librar\- — fcir, 1232;
against, 605.

This disposed of the question of a city debt
for another six years. In 1886 a proposition
w-as submitted to the people at a special elec-
tion, asking for the issuance of l.)onds in the
sui-n of $300,000 for jiublic sewers, new citv
ball, iron bridges, improvement of squares and
improA-ement of streets. It required a two-
thirds vote to carry any of these propositions
and they were all lost. Within twelve months
the people experienced a change of heart. The
great tide of immigration that w-as flow-ing
into the southern counties had attracted the
attention oi the board of trade and strenuous
efforts to turn the stream in the direction of
San Jose w-ere being made. Public meetings
were held and the council was petitioned to
call an election asking the people to vote for
or against the issuance of bonds for the fol-
low-ing purposes: Completing main sewer,
$150,C)00; branch sewers, $135,000; building
new city hall, $150,000; cross w-alks and parks,
$50,000; wooden bridges, $15,000. Total,

170

MISTORV OF SANTA CLARA Cr)UNTY

SSOO.OOO. The \-ote was in the affirmative on
all these propositions. The l)onfls were is-
sued payable in twenty years and hearing in-
terest at five per cent. They were sold to A.
Sutro, of San Francisco, who paid one-eighth
of one per cent premium.

Early in 1888 it was discovered that the
election which authorized the issuance of these
bonds was not held strictly in accordance with
the statutes. The irregularity claimed was
that the notice was one day short of the time
required h}- law. There was some difference
of opinion as to whether or not this was a
fatal error, but the purchaser of the bonds did
not wish t(i lea\e the matter undecided, and
asked that it be definitely settled. There was
a proposition to make u]) an agreed case and
submit it to the courts for adjudicatiitn, and
another proposition to call a new election, is-
sue new bonds and cancel the old ones. The
latter method was considered somewhat haz-
ardous, as the peojde had on three occasions
rejected the proposal to create a debt against
the city and there was a chance that the nec-
essary two-thirds \'ote might not again Ije ob-
tained. Ijut the chance was taken, a new
electi(jn was called and the proposition to is-
sue new bonds was carried by a practically
unanimous vote. The new bonds were issued
and the t)ld ones burned in the presence of the
mayor and common council and a large gath-
ering of citizens.

In April, 1888, a Ijoard of fifteen freehold-
ers, to frame a new charter for the city, was
elected as follows: L. Archer, C. W. Brev-
fogle, J, H. Campl)ell, A. W. Crandall, G. E.
Gra\es, A. Greeninger, V. Koch, E. Lion. li.
D. Murphy, D. B. Moody, H. Mcssig, C. E.
Metzger, John Reynolds, John A\". Ryland. D.
G. Vestal. The charter was prei)ared and sub-
mitted July 6, 1888. It was defeated.

In 1886 the Democratic state convention
was held in the Auditorium (m San Fernando
Street. E. E. Fond of San Francisco was
nominated for go\-ernor. During the session
Hon, Stephen M. White made a speech in
which he asked the convention not to indorse
him as a candidate for the United States
Senate.

In 1886 B. F. Branham, sheriff:' of the county,
was beaten for reelecticm on accr)unt of the
action of the Mexican voters, who resented the
killing of Pedro Pacheco, a gaml)ler. In the
early part of 1886 he committed his first crime.
While out walking (m North Sixth Street with
a pretty Mexican girl a stop was made in
front of The Villa, a notorious res(.)rt near
Washington Street. Pacheco asked the girl
to come inside and have some refreshments.
The girl refused and then, as he afterward
testified, he seized her in his arms and car-

ried her into the house. Some hours later the
girl escaped and told her story to Police Of-
ficer Richard Stewart, who had seen her ap-
proach The Villa. Upon her mother's com-
])laint Pacheco was arrested for a statutory
oft'ense. At the trial District Attorney Camp-
liell made out a strong case and Pacheco was
convicted and sentenced to ten years' confine-
ment in the state prison. (Jn the eve of his
departure from San Jose, to serve liis sentence,
he asked permission to go to Concord, Contra
Costa County, his former home, to settle some
business afTairs and bid goodbye to his rela-
tives, pioneers of the state and for one of
whom the town of Pacheco, in the same
county, was named. 'Fhe district attorney
ga\e his consent and Pacheco left the county
jail with Deputy Sheriffs Healy and Biane as
his guards. They were instructed to keep con-
tinually bv Pacheco's side and to take him to
San Ouentin after he had concluded his busi-
ness in Concord.

Arri\'ed at the Contra Costa town the trio
stopped at a hotel for refreshments. As soon
as he entered the door Pacheco made a dash
for the rear, \\-here a h(]rse, saddled and bri-
dled, \vas awaiting him. Healy hurried after
him but Pacheco was beyond shooting dis-
tance when the deputy reached the street. In
the Mt. Diablo Range the fugitive found
friends Avdio advised him to get U> Mexico as
soon as possible. The acEice \\'as followed
and a place of safety might have been reached
but for Sheriff Branham's activity. Believing
that Pacheco would ride south, Branham
started out l)y way of one of the movintain
passes to intercept him. ,Vt Bakersfield the
sheriff learned that Pacheco was quartered at
a Mexican ranch some miles a\va\'. He com-
mandeered a farmer's wagon, obtained the as-
sistance of a local officer, and, concealed in
the bed of the wagon, the twain were driven
to the ranch. They were near the house when
they saw Pacheco and a companion in the
yard, a short distance from their horses. Now
was the time for action. The officers were
dri\en for^vard and two rifles covered Pa-
checo to enforce the command to surrender.
Instead of ct)m|dying, Pacheco ran to his
horse, mounted it and was in the act of draw-
ing his pistol wdien the rifles spat out bullets
that found lodgment in Pacheco's body. He
fell oyer, mortally wounded and died in a
short time.

The news of the shooting' created a sensa-
tion in Central California. In San Jose the
Mexican element denounced Branham as a
murderer and threats to get even with him
\vere freely made. The way to reprisal was
shown when Branham entered the fall cam-
paign for reelection. Before the Pacheco epi-

HISTORY OI' SANTA CI,\R\ COUNTY

171

socle ho had been cunsidcvod invincihle. I'ut
this year he met his Waterhxi. 'I'o arouse pub-
lic seutiuient against him a fund was raised
and the county \vas thoroughly canvassed, tlic
late luan E. Edson' taking the most active ]iart
ni the campaign of vengeance. As a result
of the opposition I'ranham was defeated h\-
Jonathan Sweigert. Shortly after his defeat
llranham left San Jose to engage in mining
in the northern part of the state.

( liie of the notalile trials \vas that of the
Dixon- .\llen case. It excited nearly as much
ititerest as that of the famous trial of Ti-
Imrcio \'asc|uez, the bandit. The plaintiff was
.\nna E. Di.xon, late Normal School student,
nineteen years of age, and the defendant was
Prof. Charles H. Allen, principal of the school.
Miss Dixon was a buxom demi-blonde, as
pretty as a picture and chuck full of animal
spirits. She had strong lungs and she chose
occasions to make annoying use of them. Her
love of mischief made her, wdiile a student, the
despair of her teachers and a source of grief
to Professor Allen. Nothing against her char-
acter was ever alleged, but her jiranks, ac-
cording to Allen's allegations, interfered seri-
ously with the discipline of the school. Once
he wrote her mother asking her to withdraw
her daughter from the school, saying that the
girl's deportment had not been such as to sat-
isfy the faculty that she was a suitable per-
son to enter the work of teaching. As the
mother declined to act, a meeting of the fac-
ulty was held and Miss Dixon was dismissed
from the school. The charges against her
were made up of small things. It was al-
leged that she sneezed with a ^^hoop and in
unexpected places; that she was in the habit
of screaming without provocation and in such
a manner as to nearly raise the roof of the
school building ; that she went out sometimes
without a chaperon : that she sent in mislead-
ing boarding house reports; that she was bois-
terous and paid scant attention to the rules of
the school and as .a crowning delinquency was
the propounder of conundrums, one of which
had shocked Professor Allen and excited the
risibilities of man)- of the teachers.

After the dismissal a series of communica-
tions appeared in the columns of the Mercury
They ridiculed Professor Allen and declared
Miss Dixon had l)een dismissed Ijecause she
sneezed. Allen replied by asserting that the
girl's conduct in her classes and around the
building had been such as to show she \\'as
full of tricks and almost destitute of those
womanly and honorable characteristics that
should be the prime requisites of a teacher.
This article was made the basis of a libel suit.
Miss Dixon sued Professor Allen for $10,000
damages for defamation of character. D. M.

Delmas, now of Los Angeles was her attor-
ney and Thomas H. Eaine and W. .^. John-
ston were engaged bv Professor Alien to con-
duct the defense. The case came to trial in
No\eml)er, IJ^cSl. and ran for over, a week.
Eacli (L'U' tile court room was crowded to the
doors, it was a battle of legal giants. Del-
mas was in the height <(f his power, while
Laine and Johnston were looked upon as two
of the shining lights of the San Jose bar. Del-
mas, in his closing argument, was at his best,
and a more powerful and eloquent address
was never heard in a San Jose court room. He
said, among other things, that he was not
trving the case to get damages — he did not
want them — Ijut he did want a \-erdict that
would be a \'indication for his client. Laine.
suave, dignified, eloquent and persuasi\-e, held
the close attention of court, jury and specta-
tors in a masterly j^lea for Professor Allen,
while Johnston, precise, clear and logical and
with tlie law at the tip of his tongue, gave
Laine alile support. The judge, in his charge,
held that the article written by the defendant
contained terms of disparagement and that
these terms were actionable in law. If, how-
ever, the jury should find that Professor Al-
len acted in good faith and for the protection
of the school, then these circumstances were
to be considered as mitigating the damages
and that no other than compensatory dam-
ages should 1)e allowed. The jury brought in
a verdict in favor of Miss Dixon and assessing
the damages at one thousand dollars.

At the first meeting of the Board of Normal
School Trustees, after the trial, Professor Al-
len tendered his resignation. The board re-
fused to accept it and reelected him as princi-
pal for another term. Miss Dixon returned
to her home and after a time married and set-
tled down to domestic life.

In 1881 an electric tower was erected at the
crossing of Santa Clara and Market Streets.
The plan originated with J. J. Owen, publisher
of the Mercury, and the architect was John
Gash. It stood 208 feet above the street, was
constructed of tubular iron and supported a
number of lamps aggregating 24,000 candle-
power, making it the largest light in the
United States and the third largest in the
world. Besides this there were in other por-
tions of the city twelve masts 150 feet high
sup])orting in all ninety lamps for lighting
the streets. The tower was known all over
the world, and before its destruction in 1917
it had small lights running from the ground
along all the supports. Lighted at night it
presented a beautiful spectacle. A high wind
toppled it down so that its removal became
necessarv as a measure of safety.

172 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

( )n ?\Iay 4, 1887. Chinatown, liicated on the of Coslaw, this time for murder. He was tried
,t,^r(iund at the southeast corner of Market and in the Superior Court at San Jose and, having
San hArnandn Streets, was destro}"ed ])y tire. no attorney, the court appointed a young man
Tile Chinese occupied cpiarters on v^an Fer- wdio had just been admitted to the Ijar. Thus
nan<lo Street, belnw Market, until there was handicapped, Goslaw had slim chance of es-
secured a lease of the Fleinlen property, be- cajiing con\'ictiou under testimony adduced b)'
tween Fifth and Se\'enth Streets and |ackson the prosecution, sup]deniented b}' the ])o\\'er-
;ind Taylor Streets. Shorth" after its estab- ful argtnnents made 1)}' the district attorney
lishment in this section a rival Chinatown, and his aids. The jury found (joshuv guilt_\-
under the management of "Big jini," a noto- of murder in the lirst degree and the deatli
rious Chinese ]")olitician and gambler, was sentence was im|)osed. \\ ithiiut niiine}" and
started on the banks of the Guadalupe nearly lacking ])owerful friends, Coslaw A^-as unalde
on a Hue with the Ileinlen town. It Avas kept to take further steps tliat might have sa\-eil
u]) a few }'ears and then went out of ex- his neck. FTis ne\\'S])a]")er friends did A\diat
istence. they could, but no headway against the tide
In 1887 inflamed i.ublic sentiment operated of inflamed public opinion could be made. lUit
disastrously m the case of Charles C.oslaw, of thev resolved that when the tunc came ior
Los Gatos' The murders committed m and marchmg him to the scallobl he should not be
about that prettv foothill tiwvn. now one of in a condition to realize his ix.sition. 1 iiere-
the most peaceful and law-abidm- ..n the fore some of these friend,-; stayed m the death
Coast, had aroused the people, and the latest ^'ell all of the night ]. receding the execution,
had l-)rought them t.. a white heat of indigna- They plied (..k-slaw with lupior which he was
tion and resentment. This one had b.een com- quite willing to drink so that \vhen the sheiitt
mitted on the main street of the citv. Two came to take him to the scaliold he was so
Alexieans quarreled and one of them, iuicarna- far gone m liquor that he could neithet stand
cion (larcia, killed the other. A mob of citi- "^ his feet nor understand what the sheritt
zens gathered, the slaver was seized an<l with- wanted. In that maudlin condition he met lis
out ceremonv han-ed from the brid-e over death and the persons who were resji. -nsihle
Los Gatos Creek. It was reported at the time t'.r this condition have ncNer regretted their
that Goslaw threw the loop of the rope over w'-rk. They felt at the time that a judicial
the murderer's neck. Not long after the trag- murder was about to be committed and that
edv, Goslaw, Avho was a house-mover, went it was a humane act to ameliorate if they
to'San lose, leaving in charge of his house- could not deaden the victims mental agony,
moxing "tools an old man named H. A. (kant. In their opinion Goslaw should have been en-
He returned in an intoxicated eomlition to victed of manslaughter and it was atterward.s
fin.l that Grant, without permission to do so, their belief that had the trial been postponed
harl moved the to,ds t,j another part of town. t'^ six months such a verdict would have been
(joslaw became furiously angry. He swore rendered.

that he would find Grant and give him a sound On July 2, 1892, San Jose was visited with
drubliing. AfteV taking a few more drinks to the most disastrous fire in its history. Half
brace him u]), he went to Grant's cabin and the l)lock — the southern half — between San
assaulted the old man. His fists Avere his Fernandij and Santa Clara Streets and First
only weapons, but as Grant was ])hysically and Second Streets was burned. Among the
his inferior there is no doubt that finfling his fine Imildings destroyed were the Lick House,
task an easy one he allowed his rage to carry the South Methodist Church, the California
him further than he had intended. Leaving Theater and Krumb's l-!re\\'ery.
Grant bruised and helpless on the floor, Gos- j^ ^1-,^ e^rly '90s a mvstery case Iiattled the
law went downtown, found the constalde and ingenuity of' the city' and' county oflicers.
asked to be arrested for battery. There was Henry Planz was a b'ookkee])er at 'the Fred-
clear proof that he never intended murder and erickslnirg Brewery on the Alameda. As far
that he had no thought that the beating would as anyone knew he \\-as without enemies. He
result m death. He was arrested for battery ^^as a tall, strai^'ht felbwv, twentv-five years
and allowed to g(-:) on his own recognizance. of age, single and lived the ordinarv li'fe of
A few days later Grant died. Then it was the young 'men of his time. On the" evening
that outraged Los (^atos cried for vengeance. ,-,f Novemljer 10, ]S^->2, he came to San Jose
The carnival of crime that had given a black ^nd next morning his dead l)ody was found
eye to the town must ])e stopped and the only hanging from the limb of a pepper tree on the
way to stop it was to have the extreme pen- northern side of Julian Street, not far from
alt\' visited upon c\'er}- person in Los Gatos the bridge over the (aiadalupe. AAdien the of-
and vicinit}- wdio should take the life of his fleers arri\'ed it was at first supposed that
fellow man. Grant's death caused the rearrest I'lanz had committed suicide, but in\-estiga-

MISTORV OF SANTA CLARA C(JUNTY

173

titins made alter the luxly bad l)een cut down
soiin dispelled this theory, it \\as a case of
murder lun'oiul the shadc)\\- of a douht. An
cxaminatinn of the contents of the stomach of
the dead man showed that he had l.ieen pois-
oned and there were e\'idences about the
clothing- \\ hich denoted that the liody had
been drag'ged for some distance before it was
suspended from the limb of the tree. The
heels of the shoes, seat of the trousers and
back of the coat were abraded and dust}' and
there was ground-in dust on the back of the
head. W'hen the bod_\' was cut down a scarf
tied over the face was found. At the inquest
the conclusion was reached that I'lanz was
dead before the hanging and that the mur-
derer or murderers had driven along the street
in a wagon containing the dead body and that
the bocly had l^een dragged over the dusty
street to the pepper tree. A verdict of wilful
murder against sonre person or persons un-
known w as rendered.

The mvstery became a state-wide sensation.
Detectives came from San Francisco to assist
the local officers m trying to ferret out the
truth, but nothing came of then- efforts. A
number of years afterward the pepper tree
was cut down, but while it remained on Julian
Street is was one of the sight-seeing (?) at-
tractions of San Jose.

In 1896 a still greater sensation agitated
San Jose and Central California. It was a
sextuple murder committed by James C. Dun-
ham, a young man who had heretofore borne
an unblemished reputation. A few years be-
fore he had married the stepdaughter of Colo-
nel ]\IcGlincv, an orchardist, whose homewas
on the Los Gatos road about six miles from
San Jose. After their baby was born they
separated on account of Dunham's cruelty,
the Avife taking refuge in the home of her
mother, Airs. M^cGhncy. The other inmates of
the household, besides father, mother and
daughter were James AVells, Airs. Dunham's
brotlier, a ser\ant and two hired men. One
mght Dunham came to the house, for the pur-
pose It Avas supposed, to induce his wife to
again live with him. \Mien he arrived late in
the evening, AIcGlincy and Wells were gone,
having left on hour or so earlier to attend a
meeting at Campbell. IJunham entered the
house, took oi^ his shoes and ascended the
stairs' to the second story, where his wife's
bedroom was located. What transpired in
that room between husband and wife will
never be known, lint the fact remains that
the woman was choked to death, although the
babe was not harmed. There must have been
a struggle for the servant coming out of her
room adjoining was met Ijy Dunham and
killed. The double murderer then ascended

the stairs to Hnd Mrs. McCdincy (ju the first
lloor. She had heard tile noise upstairs and
had come (nit to investigate. Dunham killed
her and then calmly waited for the return of
McCdincy and AWdls. At last the)- came and
as the_\' entercil the front door Dunham shot
and killed McCdincy. Wells then rushed for-
ward, was shot, 1)ut despite his wound, grap-
pled \\'ith Dunham and threw him to the
lloor. biut the murderer \vas :the stronger
and soon Wells was a corpse.

x-Vcross the back yard was the l)arn where
the two hired men ^^-ere. One of them heard
the shots and rushed out to ascertain the
cause. A bullet from Dunham's pistol enrled
his Ife. The other hired man, fearing for his
own life, retreated to the loft of the barn and
coA'ered himself up in the hay. Dunham
rushed over to the liarn for the purpcjse of
making a clean sweep, but failed to find his
man. Flis murderous work o\'er, he mounted
a horse, and still in his stocking feet, rode
toward San Jose. Next day he was seen on
v^mith Creek by Elmer Snell and C)scar
Parker, the last named the keeper for the
Morrow ranch. Dunham appeared on horse-
back at Parker's cabin, aljout a mile south of
the hotel, asked for something to eat and hav-
ing been accommodated rode on up the can-
yon t()ward Indian Gulch. Next da)- Sheriff
Lyndon of Santa Clara Count}', Sheriff Phil-
lips of Santa Barbara County, a force of dep-
uties and a large body of citizens, arrived at
vSmith Creek. Phillips brought two blood-
hounds and near Indian Gulch, pieces of sack-
ing which had been used to cover Dunham's
feet, Avere found. Nearby the horse he had
ridden \\-as also found. Nothing else was e\-er
disco\-ered. The ofticers spent da}'s in the
search Ax-ithout result. As Dunham was with-
out mone}- and without food, had no shoes
and had left his horse, the oliicers concluded
that he had found some wild place in the hills
and had there committed suicide. For years
after\\'ards the papers chronicled the arrest of
suspects, but in e\-ery case the man arrested
proved not to be the AIcGlinc}' murderer.

In 1S97 a new charter for the city was
adopted. Py a concerted resolution of the
Legislature it became the organic law of the
citA- on March 2 of that year. Under the old
charter the ma}-or held ofiice for one year.
The new charter extended his term to two
}-ears. The first election for city officers took
place on the second jMonday in April, 1898.
The charter provided that all elections subse-
ijuent to the first should be held bienniall}- on
the third Monday in Alay. Ma}-or Koch. \\-h(.i
had been elected' in 1896, held over until 1898.
In 1897 a Grand Army veteran named Scho-
field was killed at his ranch on the Llagas, a

174 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

few miles west of Madrone. His wife and tliat destruetion had e\-er \isited the Garden

Dan Dutcher. a hired man, were arrested for City.

the crime. Before his trial Dutcher confessed In 1906 there \\'as verv little street or other
that he had killed vSchofield to protect Mrs. municipal improvement, except to make re-
Schofield, who was being threatened with a pairs in fire houses and furnish new appliances
shotgun when the fatal shot was fired. There and do the city's work in repairing the dam-
was an acquittal in each case. ages done l)v the earthquake. In 1908 a pro-
On April 18, 1906, a severe earthquake nounced street paving movement was inau-
shook up Central California. San Jose suf- gurated l\v Mayor Davison. During his in-
fered considerahlv. A numlier of frame cuml)ency miles upon miles of paving work
houses in the business section were wrecked, was done and the program he had laid out
but the real center oi destruction was reached '^"t "ot finished during his term was afterward
in the business district. The big three-storv carried out by his successors, Monahan and
Phelan building, corner of First and Post Husted. From 1908 to 1912, l)onds for $,^55,-
Streets, fell flat'and three persons were buried 000 were used for sewers, bridges, creek alter-
in the ruins. At the comer of Santa Clara ations and Alum Rock Park improvements.
Street and Lightston Alley, the large three In December, 1911, the city, by special elec-
story building" occupied bv stores and the tion, took in as new territory East San Jose,
Elks' Hall became a shapeless pile of brick Gardner and West San Jose,
and mortar. Outside of the Inisiness district In 1912 and 1913, under Mayor Monahan's
several large edifices sutTered. The handsome administration, the horses were taken out of
and massive brick Catholic Church of St. Pat- the fire department and motor-drawn trucks,
rick at the corner of North and Santa Clara engines and carts were put in.
Streets was a picturesque ruin, its solid tower In 1914-15, wliile Husted was mayor, the
and front wall hdng across the street, its rear Cancjas Creek bypath was diverted so that in
and side walls thrown down into the audito- the rainy season the waters would not flood
rium. The fine high school on Normal Square Cottage Grove and adjoining sections,
crumbled and the large wooden Grant school (jn October 30. 1917, the Coyt)te bridge col-
on Empire Street was twisted out of shape to lapsed Iseneath the weight of three heavy cars
fall a mass of ruins a few days after the quake. lt)aded with prunes. A Ixiv riding on" a bi-
Further down town the tower and spire of the cvcle was on the bridge at 'the tinie and was
First Presbyterian Church on Second Street, instantlv killed. In the spring of 1918, a spe-
near St. John, lay across the thoroughfare, its cial election gave the citv the pcnver to use
shattered walls telling the stcjry of ruin. Im- $65,000 remaining in the 'sewer fund for the
mediately after the earthcpiake fire liroke out erection of a new ctmcrete, steel-reinforced
on Second Stret near San I'ernando. The bridge. A contract was awarded and the
three-story brick Martin building had been work was completed in the spring of 1919.

hurled to the ground and instantlv flames r„ iqi:: tin,. f,-,ii,,„,:,nr^ f^^^u ii ' i

, ^ c ^11 n^i I ■ r 1-11 ^''' tne toUowing freeholders prepared

burst from the wreckage. 1 he Eieber build- ^ „ew charter giving San Inse a comm,ssi,,n

ing next north was on fire m a tew minutes f,,r„, „f ..overnment: Elmer E. Chase, R.'.bert

and then the conflagra ion enveloped the five- j.. Sver, W. E. Atkinson, E E Petree Rov

story Dougherty building, spreading thence Newberrv, G. M. Fontaine, lohn D Crum'-

to the three-story Louise building on the cor- ,,,,3., ^y.'j. Close, Walter L. Chnsman, H. J

ner o San hernando Street Ijere was but p. ^y,,^,,^,^ y^^^^^^ challen, Chas. M. O'Brien,

one other fire. It broke out m the E iMonte j,,,^„ y yu,!^.,.^ ^^^.j ^ j, ,^ ^, ■

lodging house on Locus Street and .seven y^^^ ^.j^^.^^,^^ ^^.^^^ ^j-j Februarv 15 IQls'

people were roasted t., death. Material in- ^^^, ^ ^^ -^^ ^,^^,^j,,^^ ^ ^ ^

jury was done to he new Hall -' /-'cords ,,tified bv the Legislature, R av 4, 1915 The

the Dougherty resHlence, a wing of the Ho el ,,,,,,^.,. ^- ^.,^^ j^^,, ^,^- • ' ^

Vendome, the I'lrst Methodist Church, the ;„„,,,vtn,Tt ,,-,;.; i-i ,■ 0-

i--r.i o.. 4- 1 ('- 1 1 I- t ■ .\ impditant pioMsmns were: bdectn'e officers,

tifth Street and Golden (,ate canneries, the ^li,- .-it^. ',,1,10 ,- , r ■ 1 1

, 1 -1 r- Oi IT • TM I 1 tile eit\ ciunitoi, police nu px- and se^•en coun-

Rucker building, St. Marv s Church, and manv ,.;i, ,,,,,". fu ;„;•,(• ^1 r ^^y^'^"

, i . r 11 ' • ii 1 ' i-inuen, the imtiatne am reteren( um bv

other structures. iMjllowmg the quake mar- „.i,;,.i, ,1, , 1 , ,, V ,-

■ , , 11 1 1 1 <- ■ " f r \\nnli the people reser\e to themse ves the

tial law was declared and kei)t m force tor ,,,,.,., 1 , ■ , ,• '^'^'='- >■ "-

several davs. The total loss bv earthquake p ,/," "'^".^>\]'' ^'.''.'^'t "refinances at the

and fire was $,^,000,000. Killed, .Sixteen. polls m.lepemlentlv ot the council; the recall,

. ,,,.,... I'> "Inch anv eleclne ofiicer mav be removed

Ihe recovery tr.,m the dreadlul visitation from ofiice b'v the electors : the election by the

was rapid. Inside of a week repairs were be- council of a city manager, who shall be th

e

mg started and so.m the debris (hsap])eare<-l ,,nicial head <,f t'he city 'with ]).,\ver to appoint
and building o])erations were commenced. a city treasurer, citv engineer, city attorne^',
o years later there was mithiiig t(j indicate board of health, health officer, chief of polic'e.

w

MIS'P()K\' Ol' SAN'IW Ol.ARA COUNTY 175

chief of the fire department, board of ethiea- dreii hearint^ flatus, wlio after mareliint^ tliron,[,^h

tion, hoard of hhrarv trustees, superinten<lent the streets, massed in front of tlie city liall

of parks: the election liy the council of a city and sant,"- p;itri(itic s(inL,''s. The activities of

clerk, ci\il serxice C(miniission and city ]dan- San Jose during the war |)eriod — 1''17-1H — will

ning' commission; the remo\al nf the city he fmind in another chapter,

manag'er at anv time bv a majority \i>te of In March, l')2(), the city voted bonds in the

the council. .\t the first election lUmer E. sum of $700,001) for imi)rovements in the high

Chase, W. Iv. .\tkinson. Chas. M. O'Erien, and grammar scliools. The permanent prop-

and Elton Shaw x\'ere chosen as cnuncilmen, erties of the city as shown in the first repfirt

the tw'cT first nametl to ser\e lor six years, the (if the city manager are as follows: Lands,

two last named for four vears. I'en Sellers, S62S,250 : buildings, structures and impro\'e-

J. F. IMcLaurin and A. C. jayet were the hold- mehts, $2,307,142.50: equipment, $140,08,5.45:

(.ner councilmen under the old charter, fn total, $3, 075,475. **5.

'918 Sellers and Mcl^aurin went out and Afatt In May, 1920, at the regular city election

Arnerich and E. S. Williams were elected \n a proposition to increase the tax rate by adding

their places. In 1918 A\'illiams resignerl on ,i5 cents on each $100 valuation for three years,

account of remoxal from town and Dr. E. (.). as a temporary ex])edient, was carried. The

Pieper was chosen to fill the \acanc>'. At the withdrawal of li(|uor license mone\- caused b-\-

May election in 1920, Joseph lirooks, D. M. the prohibition law shortened the city finances

Denegri antl AN'illiatn J^dgger were elected, so that an additional tax for a short jieriod

Pieper, Shaw and O'Brien retiring. became necessary in order to place the citv

AVhen the new council organized in Jul)-, government in proper working order.
1916, Thomas H. Reed was chosen manager. The mayors of the city from 1850 down are:
He served for three years and was succeeded 1850, bjsiah l^.elden : 1851-2-3-4, Thomas W.
bv Dr. AW C. P.ailev. ' The other officers of the Wdiite': 1855, S. ( ). Houghton, 1856, Lawrence
ci'ty in 1920 were j. Lynch, city clerk: Ro\- .\rcher: 1857, R. C.. Moody: 1858, I'. (J. Minor:
Walter, city auditor: Louis Lightston, tax 1859, Thomas Fallon: 1860, R. B. Buckner :
collector: C. B. Goodwin, city engineer: X. 1861-2, loseph W. |ohnson: 1863-4-5-6-7, J. A.
Bell, acting health officer: John C. Black, chief Ouinb}": 1868-9, Mark Leavenworth: 1870-71-
of police: H. Hobson, chief of the fire depart- 72. A. Pfister, 1873-4-5-6-7, B. D. Murphy:
tnent. Dr. Bailey resigned after a three years' 1878-9, I^awrence Archer: 1880-1, B. D. Mur-
service and was succeeded by C. B. Goodwin. ])hy : 1882-3, Chas. [. Martin: 1884-6, C. T.
AVilliam Popp was appointed city engineer. Settle: 1886-7, C. AV. Brevfogle : 1888-9, S.
In 1917 immediately following the declara- \\'. P,oring: 1890-92, S. N.' Rucker : 189i-94,
tion of war the city manager appointed a II. E. Schilling, 1894-96, Paul P. .Austin : 1896-
committee to prepare a Loyalty Day celebra- l)8. A'. Koch: 1898-1902, Chas j. Martin; 1902-
tion wdiich resulted in the most stirring parade 1906, Geo. D. AA'orswick ; 1906-8, H. D. Mat-
ever seen in San Jose. 'Jdie most striking thews: 1908-12, C. A\'. Davison; 1912-14,
feature of it was thousands of school chil- Thomas Monahan ; 1914-16, F. R. Husted.

CHAPTER XVII.

San Jose and Santa Clara Activities During the Great European War —
Liberty Loan, Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., Belgian Relief and Other
Noteworthy Drives — The Men and Women Who Did the Work.

The part played by San Jose and the other is realistically and finely told by Airs. Edith

towns in Santa Clara County in the Great Daley m her pamphlet written for the Santa

liuropean AA'ar was both patriotic and self- Clara County Historical Society. Emm that

sacrificing. During the hurry and stress of labor of love the historian has coiupiled the

the grave and arduous respt)nsibilities of the lollc)wing interesting facts :

occasion, wdien even the average, easy-going ( )n April 6, 1917, President AA'ilson signed
citizen was called upon to bear unusual bur- the resolution of Congress declaring the "ex-
dens, no one realized that the activities in istence of a state of war" and asking that all
which they were engaged constituted the mak- the resources of the United States be "directed
ing of history. AA'hat the city and county did to prosecute hostilities against the German

176

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Ciixernment to a successful ci inclusion." On
.\])nl 12, 1917, San Jose inaugurated the loy-
alt\- movement in California. C)n that day more
than 10,000 lo},-al citizens led by City ^lanager
Thomas II. Reed, marched throngdi the cit_v's
streets \\diile the Stars and Stripes \\'a\ed
al)o\e them and the liands played "Dixie" and
"America" — and the thrilling "Marseillaise."
That niglit in a great mass meeting in the
high school auditorium hundreds unanimously
pledged hearts and hands to the country's
cause.

On May ?>. 1917, the announcement \vas
made that tlie first ofTering of l^onds under
the fmance law would l)e $2,000,000,000. Lib-
erty Loan issue. o])en to ]iopular suI>scription
at par: subscriptions to lie received until June
5; l^onds to 1)e dated July 1 and ready for
deliyer\- then. Santa Clara County's quota
was about $2,000,000.

On May 14, 1917, the details of the Liberty
Loan yere telegra])]ied all oyer the country.
Officers' training camps oiiened. Men flocked
to fill them, Pacifists were al)road in the land,
their \oices raised in protest against the coun-
try's war policy. The es])ionage measure was
])assed Ma\- 14. ( )ne liegan to hear the oiuin-
ous \\'(irds "slacker," "dislo}'alt}'," and "sedi-
tion." The old easy settled routine of things
\\-as sadly disturbed at the time of the lie-
ginning of the first Liberty Lnan drive.

California \\'as divided intii two districts
y^ith the Tehachapi the dividing line and Los
Angeles and San Francisco headquarters. The
northern district was di^•ided into sixteen sub-
districts with a conifietent bond seller in
charge of each. Hefore the real campaign
started \-oluntarA' hical bond subscriptions be-
gan to come in. The Knights Templar and
( )l)ser\•ator^• I'arlor of the Nati\-e Sons were
the first fraternal i irganizations to buy bunds.
Senator Frank H. l-lensun and Judge LTrban
;\. Sonlheimer are nn record as ha\-ing ad\-o-
cated the earl}' purchase of Liberty Honds by
the Native Suns.

Ma\' 2,1, I'M 7, ]>v telegrajihic designation, the
Secretary of the Treasury and ,\. Kains, C.ov-
criior (if the Federal Reser\'e Bank of San
Franciscii, appointed a local committee for
handling the cam])aign in vSanta Clara Count)-,
])articularl}' tn recei\e bond subscriptions. The
following men were named: John Brddke
vice-president Safe Deposit I!ank, chairman
W. K. IJeans, president of Lank of San Juse
W. E. Iilaner, manager local branch nf l!anl
(if Italy; W. S. Clayton, president First Na-
tional I'.ank : T. S. Mdntgnmery, jjresident C,ar-
den Cit\' Bank and Trust Company; Wilbur
Ldwards, president Security vSavings Bank.

The opening of the Second Oflicers' Train-
ing Camp preceded the first bond drive. Very

few San (oseans e\"er kne\\' that the work of
interviewing and examining all the applicants
for shoulder straps and military titles was
d..)ne l)y a \\'orking \'olunteer committee of
three. 'W. S. Clayton, A. B. Post and V. J,
LaMotte did this patriotic service, rejecting
the men the\' considered unfit and sending the
others to vSan Francisco for acceptance or re-
jectidu by the "higher powers."

The little old oak table in room 401 in the
I'trst National Bank building could unfold an
interesting tale if it had a \'oice. lieside it the
committee of three met the embryo officers
and here alsn the real ^\•ork of the first Liberty
I'ond dri\-e had its beginning. On the evening
of May 24, 1917, a few San Jose men gath-
ered in this room to talk over the task that
confronted the nation and the task that await-
ed them.

It was a poorly attended meeting. No extra
chairs had to be brought in. Around the
\\'orn old table were W. S. Clayton, Dr. W. C.
Bailey, John Kuster, E. K. Johnston, LI. L.
l^aggerly, J. D. Farwell and perhaps one or
t\\'o others ydiose names are forgotten. No
records were ke])t. Only the little room and
the oak table can tell the whole story. It
was an earnest gathering and the ptiwer .gen-
erated here won a smashing victory in bonds
\\-ith wdiich to back up the bo\'S.

This office had nv telephone so on May
26 these \'olunteers nu^-ed into rooms 701-
702. This was IL N. Richmond's office and
he donated its use during the entire period of
the first and second bond dri\'es. In the new
headquarters there was another small but sig-
nificant meeting on the evening of "moving
day," May 26, 1917. At this memorable time
a complete working committee was named.
John D. Kuster, manager of the Pacific Gas
and l<;iectric Company was made county
chairman and Dr. \V. C. Bailey secretary. The
l.iank committee jireviously named by Beans
and -McAddo was su]iplemented by other ap-
pointments, makmg the personnel of the or-
iginal l:)ond workers as fnlldws : Jdhn D. Kus-
ter, Dr. W. C. Bailey, John F. Brooks, E. N.
Richmond, J. D. Farwell, Plowell D. Melvin,
II. L. Baggerly, Elton R. Shaw, Ceo. N. Her-
bert, .\lfred B'. Pdst, Wm. E. Blauer, E. K.
Jdhnslon, Walter Mathews(-)n, \'. ]. La Motte,
\\'. S. Clayton, C. R. Parkinson, Herbert Rob-
inson, H. C,. Coykendall, Ckas. R. Parkinson
and. Wilbur J. Edwards.

AX'iirk began in earnest. Telephones and
autduiobiles were recpiisitioned. The commit-
tee forgot to look at the clock. ( )n May 25,
Senator James 1). Phclan telegraphed from
Washington "W'e are fighting for our liberty
with the weapon nearest our hand. The Lib-
erty ISond is such a weapon." Sunday, May

HISTORN' i)l' SAN'IW L'l,Ak.\ I'oUNTN' 177

m San Joso cluirclics, lis- ,,| palrii.tic mass nu'ctin.i^s. That evening at

tened to eloquent appeals to then- l,.yalty and the hi,-h seh(.,,l inenil.ers' ,.l the eonimittee ad-

patnotism. In one church the pastor ehanged dresse.l the student Ixidy nuuil)erin,t,>- 1 SOO

•'Jerusalem" to ■'Amenea" with telling- effect, l,,,nis C'ampit^lia, R,,tanan president 'heartily

his text roadmo: ••If 1 foro-et thee, () America, sanctidued the "Sh,,e Leather Canipai>'-n '"

let my rioht hand foroet its cnnmno-." Folh.uini^- the meetin- 100 hiyh schrnd hcys

The committee on ])ublic nieetint^s consist- under the direction nf John L}'nch, president

ed of Elton R. Shaw, E. K. Johnston and Iv nf^ the student Ixidy, formed a special commit-

N. Richmond. On May 29, the first hii;- lunch- tee to can\ass the residential district. 'I'here

eon was hekl at the St. James hotel. The were committees appointed to inter\ie\v all

speech of the hour was made by Max Kuhl lawyers and, indirectly, their clients. This

and the spirit of the gatherino- w'as President committee consisted of F. If. lUoomingdale,

Wilson's message : '"Fhe supreme test of the David M. Burnett, L. I'etree and I^. I:!, .\rch-

nation has come. We must all act and ser\e cr. .\11 lines of business \vere segregated and

together." a committee appointed for each list. ''No busi-

On Decoration Day hundreds gathered in "^^^ house was forgotten. For instance: El-
St. James Park to hear Rev. J. W. Kramer's "i^'' J-- Chase was given canneries; Dr. David
wonderful tribute to his country and his ^ Reattie, doctors^ and nurses; .A. G. Du-
dramatic appeal for everv loyal citizen's loyal P'mtz, plumbers ; Ferdinand G, Canelo, dry-
support in the hour of America's need. "Old goods and department stores; Robert F. Ren-
Glorv," said the speaker, "Alav it wave and '^^n, automobiles and accessories. Barber
wave and never be furled until it is folded shops fell to the lot of AVm. L. Prussia. Jay
over the grave ef dethroned Prussianism ! May McCabe, being known for his ^'ersatility, was
it wave and wave until war shall onlv be a fit handed a list wdiich designated priests, and
inscription for the gates of hell! And wave Chinese and Japanese settlements. For Jay's
and wave until alfsuffering humanitv shall assistance leaflets were printed in Japanese,
feel the warmth of its loving embrace'!" On Chinese and Italian.

this Decoration Day, C. F. Ivratt, the first The speed was increased and nobody shirk-
pharmacist to enlist, left San Jose to join the ed. In competition with the high school sol-
colors, and J. D. Chase, Jr., secretary of the icitors Capt. Charles Parkinson of the Rotar-
County Council of Defense since its organi- 'ans worked his bunch of live business men to
zation, enlisted as a private in the National the limit. Among the speakers at the meet-
Guard, ings held in the various schoolhouses were

Everv bank in the countv was alive to the !?• ^'- '^"''"^"^ ^^(^ge Urban A. Sontheimer,
need and subscribing liberal)- c)n the night {j- W' ^'^'^^hmond, Chas, M. O'Brien, Chauncey
of lune 6, Citv Manager Tbomas H. Reed and f.- Iramatolo, Dr. F. H. Patterson, George
Cvrus Peirce, of San P ancisco, addressed a f.- , '"'f''^' -Arthur M. Free, A. G. DuP.rutz,
mass meeting at the V .torv Theater at wdiich ^^ ■ ^- Atkinson, Elton R. Shaw, W. S. Clav-
[udge W. .A. Beaslv presided. E. N. Rich- *'-"^ ''"'' City Manager Thomas H. Reed,
mond acted as bond seller and $44,650 was Everylu.dy was working and working hard,
subscribed on the spot. Onlv about 1000 at- Y?*^.;*'^,^'^: ^'"^ secretary was no sinecure. Dr.
tended this first mass meeting, but each of the ^^ • C; I-ailey was a whole battery of big guns,
1000 men and women went away fullv deter- ''"^' Chairman John D. Kuster a regular vital-
mined that San Jose should do i'ts fufl duty. '^mg current of energy.

Music for this meeting was furnished b\' About this time the "four minute men"
W. E. Johnson, assisted by Dr. Charles M". made their entrance, s])eakmg in the theaters.
Richards and the following cjuartet : Mrs. The men \vho won applause and bond sub-
Charles Braslan, Mrs. J. " C. Elder, Roy scriptions m four minutes were City Manager
Thompson and Warren French. A\'hen W. E. Peed, Councilman A\'. E. Atkinson and De-
Johnson sang "The Battle Hymn of the Re- P"ty District Attorney Fred L. Thomas,
public," and "The Star Spangled Banner" that A unicjue break in the routine of probate
night in June he little thought how many proceeding occurred in |udge P. E. Gosbev's
times his appealing voice \\'ould wake San court room wdien he ga\e permission to trus-
Jose audiences to heights of patriotism in the tees of ^•arious estates to use funds for the
days to come — da}-s that \vere to bring him purchase of Eiberty bonds. Thousands of
heart-breaking news in the casualty lists from dollars, otherwise unaxailalile, were loaned to
his "Mother England." L'ncle Sam by this order which the |udge

( )n June 8, 1917, led by Charles R. Parkin- expressed himself as ".glad to make."

Son, the Rotarians started a "Shoe Leather B_\- Wednesda\', [une 13, 1917, the San

Campaign" of the residential and business dis- Josean wdio appeared without a Eibert\' Loan

tricts with an accompanying "boost" program button was not popular, lianks remainerl open

1 •> l

I'S HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

in the e\'enin!^ frcini seven to ei,t,'ht f(]i- the cient to sh(iw that this loan knew no territor-

l")enefit (it snl^scrilu-rs. U]) to this time only ial di\-isions, no financial cliques, no racial

361 out of 1628 suliscribers had bought bonds factions. ])ut that it was a grand outpouring

direct!}- from the banks. The banks were sulv nf the gold of the ^^d^ole countr}' by the rich

scril)ing hea\'ily. a large percentage of the en- and ])oor for united American democracy.

tire loan being taken Ijy them. Many signi- We are proud of our local participation and we

ficant subscri])tii ins were made. The scholar- take this tipportunity t() congratulate all those

ship fund at the high school piurchased a $1000 whn helped in an)- way to make this first in-

l:)ond. The First ^lethodist Church purchased stallment nf the Liberty Loan so splenrlidly

bonds after hearing an address by Rev. AY. L. successful.

Stidger. the ]iastiir, in \\-hich he said; 'A\'e are 'A\\ C. R.-MLh^Y.

fighting toda_\- for the sanie thing that Jesus "SecretarA- Liberty Loan Comn-iittee."

Christ died fnr— the cmservation of human Senator Frank'lL Renson is the man who

hberty and freedom. introduced the original state conned of de-

I^ittle Chester ( tlson. a twelve-year-.dd fense emergenc\- measure requested by Gov-

newsboy. read a flaming poster that said: ernor William'!). Stephens, to the senate.

"Those that stay at home must feed the l)oys 'phig ^^-as done on March 28, 1917, the measure

at the front." Chester was patriotic— he had passing without a dissenting vote. This pro-

$10 in the bank. He asked father and mother |,r,st-d "state council of defense, to be com-

for something. They agreed to bel]) bim. jMised of three members appointed Ijy the

Rroudly Chester went to the First National o,,vernor. was to be em|->o\vere(l to investi-

l!ank and negotiated for the inu'chase of a $50 [^.^^^ ;(,-,, | ,-e|)ort on all of California's resources

bond — SIO do\\-n and $2.50 a month. He .^^y\ niibtary needs.

made $1.43 in three day.s ISusiness was good ,^,,^,.^, ,„;.,„,,,,,, ,,{ ^j,^ council appointed

and Uncle Sam needed the mone.v. Later |,^, ^,,^. ^.,, pernor Nvere judge P. F. Gosbev,

Chester s older brother donned a uniform and chairman: Henr\- M. Aver, chairman b.-ard of

the Httle newsie was gladder than ever to be ,i,j,erv,sors : Art'hur IL'Langford, sherifT. Ar-

a bond owner! ^1-jj,,. -\p p,.^,^.^ district attorne\-. Later I3erol

'idle first Lilx-rly loan went through with | Cdiase was made secretary, ' and C,eoro-e E.

a whoo].. For San Jose the nundx-r of sub- llamilt.m, of Santa Clara, and 11. L. Haehl,

scril)ers was 4774: for the county 222>^, mak- ,,f (.^1,, .\lto. were added to the council's

ing a total of 7002. The amount ol the loan meiuliershi]!.

subscribed by San Jose was $1,611,300, aver- Derol Chace made an unselfishly jtatriotic
aging per capita ^i.^7. For the county the secretar\-, gi\ing not onlv his entire time, but
subscription was $707,050; per capita average, th,. „se 'of his automobife t,, the work of the
$317. The total bond subscription for the city council. Not evcrA- ,:,ne was ipute clear just
and county was $2,318,350, with a i)er capita what duties l)elon,L;-'ed to tliis 1:)ody of men,' for
average of $331, and only six and one half per ,hc reason that their work was of such a na-
cent of the entire population snl)scril)ing, u,,-e that much of it was a secret shared only
ln\-aluable aid during this and the second Li- ^jth their Uncle Sam. The objects for which
berty Loan drive Avas given by Fred Lewis the nation-wide councils were formed were to
Foster, the able and patriotic assistant secre- safeguard the welfare of the people during
tary of the Chamber of Commerce. He Avas the ^^'ar, to increase food production and prc^-
combination patriotic assistant secretary, niote conservation: to co-operate in carrying
counselor, solicitor and puldicity luan and ,,n business and industrial ])ursuits in a man-
working quietly but efficiently he did a tre- ner as near normal as possible : to classify all
mendous service, unofficial military organizations and super-

(")n June 20, 1917, after the "smoke of l)at- \ise their actiA-ities. In short, this council

tie" had cleared a\va}-, Dr. A\\ C. Railey. pre- was to co-ordinate patriotic effort. There was

sident of the Chamber of Commerce and sec- one camp at Sixth and Santa Clara Streets,

retar\- of the Liberty Loan committee, issued where companies ]', and M and a sanitary

the fcdlowing letter, addressing it to "The Ci- detachment were awaiting orders. Lieut. L.

tizens;" "Noav that the first installment of AL b'arrell commanded the real fighting con-

thc Liberty loan has passed into history," lingents. Alaj. V. H. I'aterson headed the

wrote Dr. Railey, "as vSecretar\- of the Liberty sanitar)- detachment and called for A'olunteers.

Loan Committee, and in behalf of the commit- Telegraphic reports grew discpiieting and the

tee, I ^vish to congratulate }'ou ujion tlie ^von- vSixth Street camp was \-erA- real. It began

derful success of the issue and to rejoice with to disturb mothers ami sisters, sVveethearts

you in this great exhiljition of solid financial and wi\es. Tlien, unexiiectedly, that corner

assistance to the go\'ernment in time of need, lot camp \vas jiroken u]). Companies R and

We simply could not fail. Returns are sufii- AI left April 2, 1917, under orders.

lUSToRN' ol' SANTA CKAUA e'( jUNTV

17'J

noininic Hil^'iovc, L'ni\ crsit\- n\ SaiUa lMar:i
graduate, enlisted in the axiation corps and
said giindlnx'. Uneal reg'inients were lurniing".
Maj. Herbert 1.. I'artridge, retired, was aet-
mg' eolunel of one reg'inient. Cai>t. Russell
I'i. Trip]!, N. t";. C, retired, aeted as adjut.ant,
and Capt. 1\. !!. Leland, lornierh' of the Na-
tional taiard vi Lowa, serxed as qnarternias-
ter. l""(.nn' local coni])anies were headed res-
pectixely liy l.ient. Arg'yll Catnpliell. iaeut.
Wdlliaui 1,. lioxve, i.ieut. 15_\ron \\'. C.vdy, all
formerly of the N. (".. C, and Capt. Clyde A.
llostwiek, formerly of the Missouri National
(".uard.

Then City ^Manager Reed began the organi-
zation of the Home tluard \\diich was to take
the jilace of departed comiianies I', and M. A
committee of patriotic citizens met at the
chamlier of commerce — just elexen men — and
decided to ha\'e a cit_\- Lo}'alty Demonstra-
tion. Ten Spanish War ^•eterans, led b)y Capt.
P>. B. Kax-anaugdi, presented themselves at
this meeting and offered themseh-es as a nuc-
leus for the Home luiard.

San Jcise's part in the great AA'orld A\'ar was
realh" started at this meeting. The following
Tuesday there was a meeting of the Chamber
t>f Commerce. Dr. A\'. "\A . Cam])l:iell came
doxvn friim Alt. Hamilton to tell about the
stars. There came a time \\hen three blue
stars shone in the window <j1 his mountain
hcime — Kenneth, dri\a'ng an amlndance on the
fighting line in Italy; Douglas, Captain Doug-
las Campbell, later with the Aviation Corps m
France : and AA'allace, with the fighting en-
gineers. The local Knights of Columbus and
manv other org'anizations adopted patriotic
resolutions and the Sons of \'eterans offered
their loval services.

Xot e\'eryone knew there were two Coun-
cils of Defense in the city. (_)n Saturday, .Vp-
ril 7, the North Ninth vStreet Council paraded.
Led by Capt. Harry \'ance, aged thirteen,
came a guard of fourteen. The contmgent
consisted of a hospital corjjs of Red Cross
nurses. Capt. Claire Declaire, seven }'ears
old, led them. The fighting squad, besides
the captain, was officered by three first ser-
geants, Ernest Declaire, Ralph Cuther and
ililton Dampier.

At the time of the first registration. County
Clerk H, A. Pfister took his place on the
Council with a plan for handling the big task.
'Tt's a big job." he said, "but I can do it and
want to do it for the cause." June 17 was
named b}' the President as Registration Dayr,
for all men between the ages of 21 and 31.
Foreign speaking residents were reached
through the officers of their societies and a
speaking committee. Sheriff Langford, assist-
ed by Dan J. Flannery, covered Chinatown.

finally a h;ilt came. Postage stamps cost
money. Down in their pockets went the
members of the Council to tlie depth of $5 per
member. I )f,-ol L'hace was electe.l treasurer
b\- ,-iccl;im;ition. On Ala\- M. 1917. he resign-
ed trom the Council, shouldered a real gam
.and m.arched awa\-.

W. C. Short, of the firm oi Short cK; Ryan
was .-ippointed to fill the vacancy left by Derol
ehaces enhstnient. The Council ' almost
went down for the third tnne m the struggle
o\er registr.ation and naming exemption
lio.ards and \Nar gardens and so forth Plans
change.l. It was decide.l that County Clerk
I lister should have charge of all registration
outside of San Jose and City Manager Reed
and City Clerk Rouis liailey all that within
the city limits.

< 'ne patriotic endeavor for which great cre-
dit IS due the Council was the launching and
helping to bring to success the 1917 war gar-
den campaign. The Council's eiTorts were
successful 111 obtaining l,,wer water rates and
tree water for many vacant lot gardens m or-
der to promote food production. Meetings
Avere held from time to tune wdienever mat-
ters of grave importance had to be discussed
new members were added until at the Novem-
ber 16th meeting the personnel of the Council
\\'as as follows: xMrs. J. P. Shambau, chairman
of the Women's Committee; iMrs. W. H.
Shockley, chairman of women's committee on
food conservation; :\lrs. John G. jury, chair-
man largest group of women's" activities;
treorge E. Hamilton, chairman committee on
commercial econom_y; Miss Stella Hunting-
ton, chairman collection of liooks and period-
icals^; H. Al. Aver, chairman fire protection;
PI. P. Alartin, food administrator; tP W. Mc-
Comas, four-minute men; Byron Alillard, city
fuel administrator; E. A. Wilcox, county' food
administrator; D. J. Flannery, general speak-
ers' bureau; J. M. Parker, Liberty loans;
Judge H. D. I'uttle, non-war construction; E.
A. Richmond, chairman Red Cross ; Fred' L.
P'ehren, Stanislaus plan; W. S. Clayton^
chairman war donations; Joseph IL Hancock^
war gardens; Prof. H. B. Leland, chairman
war history; Dr. James B. Bullitt, chairman
war sa\-inos stamps; C. S. Allen, war seryice
league, and Mrs. L. T. Smith, women's mobil-
ized army. The name of the Council was now
changed to the Santa Clara County Division
of the State Council of Defense.

On May 5, 1917, the Vc.ung Men's Christian
Association started work on a national cam-
paign for $3,000,000 for war work. Of this
amount, Santa Clara's quota was .^5000. This
fund was raised at the request of Uncle Sam
and was to lie used for \\drk among the sol-
diers and sailors of the Lhiited States. The

180

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

request included a call for 1000 of the Asso-
ciation's Ijest trained secretaries to work with
the soldiers. For this drive California was
dixided into nine sections \\'ith nine execu-
ti^■e secretaries in full charge of the financial
features. The Santa Clara County di\ision,
with San Jose as headcjuarters, included San-
ta Clara, Monterey, Santa Cruz and San ISenito
Counties.

R, H. Gossom, a well known "V." worker,
had complete charge of the district, and John
R. ^lott. General Secretary, was at the head
of the National Campaign. The San Jose
campaign received the hearty endorsement
of the focal "Y." directors on iviay 9, 1917, at
which time R. H. Gt)ssom was ])resent at
the meeting. Hiram A. Blanchard, president
of the San Jose Association, was delegated
to select a district committee to operate the
"dri\'e," with the able assistance of John U.
Crumme}', vice-president, and Geo. C. Wilson,
secretary. At a dinner on May 11, State Sen-
ator Herbert C. Jones explained the Associa-
tion's objective. It was stated that the plan
of mobilizing 1000 secretaries included extra
equipment, educational and for amuseinents,
for the benefit of the soldiers at e\ery army
post. This equipment was to include 200
pianos, 200 buildings, 200 nKjving-picture ma-
chines, 200 phonographs, 40,000 pounds of ice
per day, 1000 [)ens and fiarrels of ink for the
home letters. There were tt) be added 95
trucks and tons and tons of reading matter.
Plans were comjdeted and at a "Y." dinner on
May 22, Senator Herbert C. Jones presiding,
two "Generals" were chosen to head friendly
opposing teams in the campaign for the $5000.
These generals were District Attorne}' Arthur
AI. Free and Senator Frank H. Benson, who
was also general chairman.

At Grace Baptist Church on Sunday, May
20, Frank D. Keene, who had left the College
of the Pacific to join the colors under the
standard of the Marines, and Hector Sawyer,
local high school boy, also a "soldier of the
sea," told an interested congregation of wdiat
the "Y." means to the enlisted men. These
San Jose boys were h<jme on their first shore
leave and gladly enlisted their tune in the
cause of the "V."

On the evening of May 12, the generals,
captains and enthusiastic workers gathered
for dinner at the V. Jd . C. A. and the follow-
ing morning, May li, the campaign for
"$5000. in two days" began with a rush. The
two teams, headed respectively Ijy District
Attorney Arthur I\L Free and Senator P'rank
H. Benson, had ten sub-teams, each with a
captain and two workers. (Jthers were to be
added as nee<led. The captains of the Free
team were: E. N. Richmond, Judge F. B.

Brown, .\. S. Bacon, Rev. J. A. Sutherland,
L. D. Bohnett, J. D, Crider, C. E. Kelsey,
Prof. C. M. Osenbaugh and \A'. G. Rambo.
Benson's team was captained as follows: E.
R. A\'agner, D. J, Denhart, H, M. P)arngro\-er,
L. P. Edwards, Rev. George I. Long, J. D.
Crummey, W. L. Atkinsim, H. A. Blanchard,
A. G. Wilkins, and C. F. Crothers.

The dollars rolled into headquarters in a
steady steady stream and in two days vSan
Jose went "over the top." This did not end
San Jose's gift to the Y. M. C. A. During the
dark days overseas and the time of dread and
waiting here eight Y, M. C. A. secretaries left
San Jose to minister to their soldier brothers.
They were George C. Wilson, local Y. AI. C.
A. secretary; Rev. W'^illiam L. Stidger, [)astor
of the First Methodist Church; Rev. O. P.
Bell, former pastor of the United Presbyterian
Church ; Senator Frank H, Benson, John H.
Tupper, Jesse H. Pledger, Fred Evans. Char-
les A. Miller, and Rev. E. A. King. The inti-
mate experiences of these unarmed crusaders
for human liberty are chapters of history writ-
ten by the wdiite light of unselfish service.

Other men came intti the work particularly
for overseas service, but in the person of
George C. AVilson. San Jose's W M. C. A.
sent a real secretary to the front. This was
his life work, the great endeavor that held
his heart in its keeping and to him came the
gravest experience. For more than seven
months in the St, Mihiel and other salients,
he was constantly under airplane and shell
fire. One night on an errand of mercy to the
lioys at the front, the truck in which he was
riding through the blackness ui the unlighted
night abmg a ])erilously shell-pitted road, col-
lided with another machine. In the terrific
smash AN'ilson was \-ery seriously injured.
Wandering awa}- in a delirious condition he
stum1)led and fell into a shell hole and was
gassed. Some time passed before he was res-
cued. ln\-alided to the south (jf France he re-
fused to lie an in\-alid and soon returned to
the horror of actual fighting scenes to minis-
ter to "his l)o3\s."

Jesse Hedger, ])re\iously in active "A'." ser-
\-ice at home, just "had to go." When the
call came, Ivev. O. P. Bell went to France and
found his work among the Russian soldiers.
Rew E. A. Iving went to France after the
signing of the Armistice to carry out an edu-
cational campaign among the soldiers, Karl
Ivennedy, a former San Jose lawyer, \\-ent
from San Francsco as athletic instructor
about the same time.

With its members nnnd^ering 100, the first
Red Cross membership drive in April, PJ17,
was conducted b}' Mrs. .V. A. I'owler. The
Red Cross Christmas Roll Call that com-

111ST()R\' oK SANTA CLAkA CoUN'I'Y 181

menced December 11, U)17, under the diree- Maude I'. JMiviUdU, eliairman ; r,len I'.yrie

ti(in (_if the AX'oinan's Arni_\- added more tlian \\'. C. T. U. circle. Mrs. A. C. Saunders, eliair-

17,3UO names. ]\arl\' in .Vpi'il came the idea man.

fur funds with which to purchase malenal fnr 'phj,, pioneer vear in war work was hlled

the makm- of hospital --arments. These ap- ,vith diniculties, 'init it i.erfected an or-aniza^

peals alternated with the ones lor ohl hiieii, (i,,„^ .„i,i ...p,.,! ^p,. ,.^.p,,rt came in for the lirst

old mushn, l>edspreads, anil turkish towels. vear's work, under the g-uidance of M rs. W. B.

1 hree rooms m the New Century luiddm-- at | |,,Ps,,n. it was a tlocument to he ]iroud of. In

the corner ol ^ccond and Santa Clara streets, ].)]7 ^p,. t,,!.^! receipts, $20,401.6,S; dishurse-

were donated by the De Saisset estate for the hkmUs, $<)Zh.M). Total mind.er of articles coin-

surg-ical dressm- department of the l<e<l Cross. pletedbvSan [ose Chapter, 22.2^7. From

^ On June 12 the o-arment rooms opened at 41 ]\]ay, ]g'l7, to JMav, VrHH, the sewin-- rooms

South Second street, their use bein-- kin.lly completed SI .'xS paiVs of pajamas ; knitted t,'-ar-

d^onated by the I'helan estate tinou-h Mr. .V. ments, 190,025. For the same period the pro-

L. i.Jai h} . (hiction in the surgical dressing rooms

On June 19 came the hrst call for comfort amounted to 228,264 articles. Refugee work
l.iags for the boys of Companies Jl and M, comjirised 30,^2 garments. For ](.)cal use the
then stationed in Xewada. The W. C. T. V. production nxjms completed 266 pneumonia
assisted in prei-iaring 123 comfort liags. jackets and 2800 masks. F'rom Ala_\-, 1917, to
Though shipi)ed immediatel}' through some May, 1'-'18, the garments and surgical dress-
inad\'ertence they failed to reach the boys un- ings numbered 152,487. Frtjm May, 191S, to
til almost a year later wdien a letter of thanks ?ilay, 1919, the ])roduction totaled 153,338.
arri\-ed. It came from Captain U. Fa line, and For the entire period the dressings and gar-
was written before sailing lor h'rance. ments numl.)ered 2f'^7.823. The Junior Ived

The first work under the direction of .Mrs. Cross produced 2316 garments.

Hoijson was prepared by .Mrs. l)a\i(.l I-lurnett, The Home Ser\-ice De])artment of the Red

Mrs. S. Van Dalsem, ]\Irs. W. R. Wilson, Mrs Cross assisted 1452 families from Ma\- 18,

Fillipello, Mrs. R. S.yer, Mrs. A. D. DuBrutz, 1918, to April 30, 1919. The money expended

the Alisses Doroth\- AMiite, Ida A\'ehner, S}djil amounted to $6,488.88, and of this disburse-

Hay'es, IMiriam Hayes, Cecille Brooke and ment, $2,178.33 came back.

^liss Chapman. The first cutting of garments From May, 1917, to Ma)-, 1918, the sewing

was done by Mesdames W". Gross, A\'. \'an rooms completed 8133 pairs of pajamas. Of

Dalsem, P. F. Gosbe}\ S. W. Gilchrist, Arthur knitted garments: socks, s«-eaters, wristlets,

Dangford, Charles A\'a}dand, A\'alter Murra}-, helmets, mufflers, shawls and stockings — a

W. G. Alexander, George ^luirson, F'rnest total of 190,025. There were in this ciuota

Conant, L. Blackford and other willing volun- 12,806 socks and 3662 sweaters. For the same

teers whose names failed to be recorded. period the production of the surgical dressing

The first societ}- to volunteer as a societ}- rooms amounted to 228,264 articles, including

\\'as the P. E. O. organization. These ladies 5-yard rolls, pads, pneumonia jackets, masks,

offered their services through ^Irs. AA'. C. compresses, drains, tampons, bandages, front

Bailey and worked through the entire war pe- line parcels, heel rings and sponges. Of ccmi-

ri(.)d later taking charge of the knitting rooms presses alone there were 183,723 made. Refu-

at the Theatre building. Late in the fall of gee work comprised 3032 garments. Of mis-

1917 the production and garment rooms were cellaneous garments there were 26,305 com-

moved from South Second street to a suite of pleted. This list included aviators jackets, pil-

fi\'e rooms in the Theatre building. Inw cases, bed socks, helpless case shirts,

San Jose had many bus)- Red Cro-^s circles, pajama trousers, bo)rs' suit, boys' trousers,

each doing its best under a capable chairman drawers, undershirts, underdrawers, bed shirts,

to keep us up with the quotas alloted. Among ambulance covers, ambulance pillows, ice hag

those circles were St. Vincent's circle, Mrs. W. covers, convalescent covers, bed jackets, hot

P. Dougherty, chairman; Eastern Star circle, water bag co^■ers, girls' petticoats, girls'

Mrs. A. B. Langford, chairman; College Park dresses, napkins, scrub cloths, wash cloths,

circle, Mrs. M. Candee, chairman; Moreland handkerchiefs, tray cloths, cjuilts, comfort

circle, Mrs. LeRoy Anderson, chairman; Hes- bags, operating leggins, sheets, unhemmed

ter circle, Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, chairman ; Y. squares.

W. C. A. circle, Mrs. Mary Bolan, chairman; From May, 1917, to May, 1918, the g^ar-
Normal Training school, Aliss Margaret Glea- ments and surgical dressings numbered 152,-
son, chairman; School Women's clul). Miss 487. From May, 1918, to May, 1919, the pro-
Edith O'Brien, chairman; Ladies of Macca- duction totaled 153,338. For the entire p__eriod
bees, Mrs. Nellie Thompson, chairman; Ra- dressings and garments numbered 287,825.
chael Fox Union circle at Burbank. Mrs. Nor was the Junior Red Cross doing "junior"

182 HISTORY OF SANTA CT.ARA COUNTY

work along the lines of production. With a L. Bag-g'erly, Buel Anderston; stunts, Jay Mc-

juni.ir membership of 13,120 the garments pro- Cabe, R. O. Bell, Alvin Long: outside press,

duced were 2316. " Alvin Long; pulpits, Arthur M. Free; theat-

Bv the President's i.roclamation Line 18-25, ers. Gene Rosenthal; schools, J. E. Hancock,

1Q17, was Red Cross week, and a nati.m-wide ^'- M._ Osenbaugh, M. E. Dadey, Alexander

cam])aign opened. San Jose did her part Sherifts.

noblv. \'\t the time of the "opening oi the Red Then the publicity committee worked over-
Cross campaign the officers of the local Chap- time. Full page ads appeared m all the pap-
ter were Dr. M. E. Dailev (since deceased), ^'i"S- No one will ever forget the immense
chairman; Mrs. W. P. Doughertv, vice-chair- l<ed Cross poster that lifted against the sky
man; W. T. Rambo, secretary ; V. 1 La^fotte "" top of the First National Bank Building.
treasurer. One of the first Re<l Cross benefits ^^ith its statue of Liberty and pertinent ques-
was a dance and Red Cross d.riU given ^fav tion 'AViU you fight or give? no one could
2+ bv the G. C. Review, No. 4, Ladies of the escape it. It veritably "shouted from the
Maccabees, Captain Amv Thompson. A. 1). housetf.ps!" Then team captains were chos-
Ferrari, of the Italian-American Progressive ^u. Those selected for the- work c^ raising
club, came forward with a suggestion for co- the mercy fund were D. M. Bn'-nett, Henry U.
,,peration HiH. I'-''"^ I'- Fitzgerald. Dr. Charles M. Rich-

A-,,' m' ,7 T-^ Ai t: ta -r ■ i ards, "Charles M. O'Brien, S. W. Waterhouse,

( >n Mav 2/ Dr. M. L. Dailev received a ,,.,,t-. -ti tt tj -a- -d

, 1 ., r" T 1 I m r -t i *i Richard Bressani, John . ones, udge r. a.

telegram from i)hn ]. Ch'mer, rhrector ot the , , -t i . t ' -' o

ri '■ c ^^■ ■ ■ " I- ii" i>' 1 r^ ■ ^- \>vc\wn auf Herbert ones,

i'acihc Division ot the Red Cross, appointing -'

a meeting in San Francisco. Dr. Dailey, Dr. S'l'^ J"se had $100,000 to raise and^OO
W. C. Bailev, ]. O. Hayes and W. C. Andrews workers for the job. Karl Stull chalked re-
attended this" meeting. The result of this turns on his blackboard and the first days el-
conference was a meeting of the local chapter '"'"t went down as $U,600. Just then Jack
on lune 6. At this tune'Samuel C. Tompkms <".raham's war song, 'AX e 11 iMght l,.r Yankee
was appointed chairman for the Santa Clara l>o<i<lle," ma.le its appearance and became a
County campaign and Arthur Ak Free was feature during the Red Cr.iss drive, being
made campaign' manager. Karl Stub as chair- "sed b)- theater orchestras and bands all
man headed '" the activities ol the followiui^ "^"er the country. Lodges contribute Iiber-
publicitv committee: Alvin Lono-, (. Q. Haves. '-^"y : there were all kinds ot benehts lor the
lay Mc'Cabe, H. L. Baggerlv, \V.' L. Pru.ssia, ^^ed Cross. Mrs. B. E. Laughlm wrote and
"S.'R. Walls, R. O. Belk'" Bulge AY. A. Measly, personally superNised the beautiful presenta-
E. M. Rosenthal, ]. E. "Hancock, Alexander tion ot a children's cantata, "An Evening m
Sherilis, C. M. Osenbaugh, Dr. M. E. Dailev Dreamland." The charms ..f the dreamland
and [ohn 1) Kuster ' were enhanced I)y pui)ils of Aliss Hughes and

Tlie executive committee included Samuel Hell'ert Hitching, who gave a program of

G. Tompkms, chairman: Arthv- AI. Free, dances, and the pupils of Airs. Theresa Par-

cami;.aign manager: S. W. Waterhouse, Hen- '^'er and Prof. De Lorenz.), who gave voices

ry M. Ayer, D. J. fi'lannery. Karl Stub, W. "* ^""§' t" fairyland.

T. Rambo, Alexander Sheriffs, Judge W. A. The ne\er-to-be forgotten pageant was a

Beasly and A. P. ALirgotten, secretary. gigantic Red Cross benefit, staged by 1500

()n'May 0, 1917, the San Jose chapter of jierformers and witnes'sed by more than 5000
the Red Cross met at the Chamlier of Com- jieople on June 1. The pageant of history and
merce to arrange for the ccuning driA'e. The allegor)- was A\-ritten ):)y Miss Helen Stock-
Chamber of Commerce, b_\- Joseph T. lirnoks, ing, with music by Miss Ruth Cornell, and
secretary, offered the use of a room in the song ^■erse 1)}' Clarence Lrmy. Joseph E.
Iniilding for headfjuarters and the ser\"ices of Hancock, president of the Drama Association,
the office force was res])onsible for the pageant, wdiich A\'as

Hiram A. Blanchard, with the .assistance i^f gi\en under the directing genius of (lariiet

15(1 girls, compiled a roster of 1(J,000 names Kolme.

for the assistance of the cam])aigners. A ciulj Alexander P. Murgotten, secretar)' of the

Women's committee under the directujii of committee, donated needed office supplies and

Mrs. A\''. B. Irisli was ap|iointed and Mrs. the Argall brothers (piartet \olunteered their

Stub, puljbcit)'; ^Vrthur bb.ilmes, round u]) ; serx'ices for the entire Red Cr(jss cam])a!gn.

Mrs. AV. I:'.. Irish, musical entertainment; D. I'rank Sabatelb's gift for the cause of human-

[. ITannery, waste ]iaper; H. A. Blanchard, it-i' should not be forgotten. His subscription

cards, etc.; L. AI. vSimonson, treasurer and was $100, and he Avas only earning $2 a day

cashier; committee on lodges and societies, as a common laborer. The largest single eon-

AA'. G. Alexander, A\A I'". Curry, IvI Distel ; tribution was secured by 1). AI. lUirnett's

newspapers, Sheldon AA'ills, J. (_). Hayes, H. team — $2500 gnen by the estate of E. Ale-

HISTORY OI' SAMTA CLARA CoUN'I'V 183

Uaughlin. The waste i)aper campaign, vn- K.lcanor Brown, ];)iccy liaiiqh, Mar,t;-uerite
S'ineerecl by Dan Klanncry, \\as a \'ahial)le as- Vella and Mrs. ). P\ Charles,
set m the final eonipntation ..I funds. The Tlie ne.xt was the bouk drive, started in the
women s team under Mrs. l,dian ,\rnold War Service Committee of the Ameriean Lib-
turned m over -i^JOOO. llundre.ls ol .lobars ,-,.„-,, Assoe.atn.n. Not with howitzers and
were given at a mass meeting at the \ letory .shrapnel was the tedium of camp life to be
I heater. 1 he speaker was Lieutenant Cohls- .lestroved, Init by books, papers and maga-
worthy, a wounded soldier. y_,„^.^ ' 'pi.,g ^.^^n ^;,.^g j^,^ $1,000,000 for reading

On the night of June 27. San joseans were matter, the l)iggest movement of the kind eVcr
astonished to see the lights in the cross on contemplated. At five cents per capita, San
the tower of the First Methodist Church turn Jose's quota was $1750. Airs. John E. Rich-
from white to red. Rev. W. L. Stidger, the ards, president of the board of library trus-
pastor, gave the following exi)l-uiation : "1 tees, ])resided at a preliminary meeting held
consider that lighted er.jss turning its face at the city librar)- t("> arrange the campaign,
north,. east, south and west as the s)-mbol not Senator Frank II. Pjenson drew the secretary-
only of that Christ wdio died for liljerty and shi]). Charles F. Woods, recently appointed
freedom, but I also feel that it symbolizes in librarian, explained the purjioses of the drive,
an especial wa}- the li.ght that the whole Red The acti\'e campaign commenced September
Cross movement i.s, spreading in the dark 24, l')17, with Librarian W'oods in charge.
places of the earth in these cruel w^ar times." He was ably assisted by Miss Stella Flunting-
Paul D. Cambiuo, whose serxices for the ton, eountv librarian.

changing of these lights were lent liy the (Jver 200 posters m red, w^iite and blue pla-

Blake Electrical Company, did his •dut" m carded the town. Each donation of $1.00 or

this unique transformation. CamlMUo had more entitled the gi\-er to an engraved name

never climlied a tower. The wind was blow- plate in ,-)ne ..f the books inirchased. "Send

mg. too, but he swalk.wed his fear, climbed your name to the front if vou can't go" was

to the top and made the change. j, drive slogan. Day by day the amount m-

Sunday morning, June 24, the final appeal creased. Then came Saturday, September
of the eampaign was made, v^pontaneously, 27. 1917, — the last dav of the week's dri^-e.
[latriotically, wdiole-hearteclly, the appeal was It was a great "Tag F)a\-." A l^evy ni San
answered and all da)' Motida}- the dollars Jose's pretty .girls, under the direction of a
rolled in. Alonday afternoon and e\-eiiing committee headed b}' Mrs. A. A. Fo\vler,
Manager Clover, of the T. ^: I), ddieater, ,ga\-e pla}-ed "tag" all day. The members at this
the entire proceeds to the Red Cross. A\ . H. committee A\'ere Mrs. A, A. Fowler, Airs. I. E.
Johnson and the Argalls sang; Flelbert Hit- Richards. Airs. Chas. F. Woods, Mrs. G. A\'.
ehing presented an attractive program of llomniedieu and Mrs. Nina Abjon. Tag Day
dances: an orchestra composed of members brought $300 and the end of the drive for
of local union No. 15.1, under the direction of funds. Librarians A\ oods and Huntingt(jn
Carl Fitzgerald, ^'Cllunteered their ser\'ices ; with the assistance of the interested commit-
Joseph Blum, manager of the Jose Theater, tees and \-olunteer workers had "put it
lent tw'o of his best acts; Judge E. AI. Rosen- across." Other l.njok drixes followed. The
thai acted as stage director. Jay AlcCabe's cr)- from overseas was answered li_y San Jose,
able committee sold candy. The onl)- thing On Alay 1, 1917, San Jose high school stu-
the}- were not able to do was to make change! dents heard the Avar garden program outlined
These patriotically energetic salesmen who b_\- Lrof. H. L. Crocheroii, of the Department
forgot' their arithmetic under Jay's direction (if .Agriculture, LMiiversit}- of California. Fle
were: W. L. Prussia, Ernest" Lion, Henry held the official appointment made by Dean
Hirsch Lerov Parkinson, Dr. lames Kramer, FInnt, of the College of Agriculture, to enlist
Dan F'lannery, R. < '. Stewari, F. (). Reel. the help ot bovs too young to enlist l.n- otlier
Karl Stub and Arthur Holmes. The drive -;erv.ce. At the time ot his visit to San
,,, ., ,,,,, . . , , , lose he found that the high school agricultural
Avas a siiccess Chas. M. O Lnen s team led '^ ,„^^^, i^^.j 154 jig interested in prac-
Avith $10,229.61. and the sought tor .SlOO.OOO ^^^^j f^,^,.„^ production. These student-farmers
became $13^,000. (.enerous assistance was constituted an agricultural club, under the dir-
given by Nellie Farliepp, Belle Gallagher and cction of Prof. J. R. Case, Jr. This first meet-
Mrs. Floy Johnson, of the court house. One j^g resulted in the enlistment of 350 high
of the hea\dest burdens fell ui)on Louis Sim- school bovs who pledged themsehes to crop
onson, expert accountant and under sherift'. ]iroduction and to assist whh the }-ear's liar-
He devoted all his time to the work and the \est.

sheriff's office was transformed into a Red I'ood production plans occupied the earnest

Cross headquarters. His assistants were attention of the council of defense. A eiti-

184 HIS'I'ORY OF SANTA CLARA CoUX'JA^

zen's Cdinniittee under the leadcrshi]-) of E. E. The Rntarians did mure than make sjieeehes
Chase 1)eeame interested. The Kotar}- Chd) and eheer. Tlie}- (hi,y; in their in(H\ifhial tjar-
stood scihdly heliind the eampaign. l'>\- Ma^• dens and thev chig- down deep in their pockets
2, 1917, j)lans A\'ere well under way tn super- and put up several hundreds of dollars to fin-
vise intensi\'e gTirdeniny-. E\'er\' man. woman anee the \\'ork of g'ettino- the vacant lot i^ar-
and child whu o\\-ned or could Ijorrow a 1)it dens readA- to plant. They secured the ser-
of land made uji a committee "of the wdiole." \ices of C. H. A^'aterman, who t(iok charge of
Cam]jiglia adxised the Rotarians of the cam- their planting camjiaign for M] days. It was
l)aign ])rogress in other sections — and San a uni([ue campaign, for it ^\'as the first time
Jose just rrdled up its slee\-es and went to in the liistory of the city tliat its grivernment
farming. tiumed gardener! Eiremen to do the flooding,

The response to the ajipeal for vacant lots police department volunteering to transport

was an avalanche ! All scho, ,1s received visits the hose from place to place, and the city's

from the committee. F'.y j\Iay ?i the Horace teams to do tlie plowing!

Mann children had taken 30 lots, each ha\'ing Tlie firemen had the worst of it. Tlieir
more than 4000 scpiare feet. 'I'he C^rant and \\-orl^ ^\-as done I)et^\'een the lioiU'S of eiglit in
Longfellow children planned to cultivate their tlie e\-ening and foiu" the next morning — hut
own back varrls. School jieads agreed to farm not one of them complained. There was diffi-
lots themseh'es or in co-o])eration v\-ith the ciilt\' in finding the lots. Erequently instead
children. Rotarians graldjed a piece of land of one vacant lot the\' found four and the mid-
some distance from town and ];)lanted 50 acres die of the niglit was a mighty incon\"enient
of corn. Thev Slso ofl'ered S])ecial induce- time to find cjut \vhich lot to flood! All night,
ments to school children in the form of prizes. night after night, the fire bov's worked. 'iMiey
Then work liegan in earnest. AVeeds and dvv "dyked" the lots until each one looked like a
grass tremliled and tin cans kne\\- their hour miniature Holland — then turned on the water,
of doom had come. Eirst of all, the vacant A conference of all the localfood production
lots must be \vell "soaked" or tlie ground experts was held at the high school cafeteria
would be lumpy at the phnving. This water- ,-,n .Mav 10, 1917, E. E. Chase, chairman of the
ing was undertaken by the Rotarians, The original food supplv committee, presiding,
council of defense and other interested organ- p;arl Morris, countv horticultural cf.mmission-
izations found the San Jose Water Coni|)any er, was made chairman of the campaign coni-
eager to hel]) by reducing rates for home gar- mittee and the i)ersonnel of those attending
dens and donating water for vacant lots. The the conference were: E. E. Chase, W, L. At-
San Jose fire department, under Chief Edward kinson, representing the Rotary Cluli : Alex-
Haley and Assistant Chief Herman Hobson, ^^^f-\^.^ SheriiTs, city superintendent of schools;
volunteered to do the flooding of the lots. Idle Arthur M. Free and J. D. Chace, Ir., of the
street department, directed by Chief Engineer Council of Defense: Rrof, ]. R. Case, Ir., of
Walter H, Hunt, were to furnish teams and hjg-h school agricultural department; C H
a plow and do the needed work on as many W'aterman, general enmpaign supervisor-
lots as possible. The liean Spray company Karl Hazeltine and Ernst L. Conant Arthur
ofl:"ered a tractor f...r ])lowing the larger lots pree toured the schools of the county, [, |.
and groups of kits. ^ AlcDonald donated a plow, teams were loaned

Then the 100 Hoy Scouts of the Eirst Me- by John R. Chace and the Standard Oil Com-

thodist Church, under the leadership of Rev. ]>any, and over 500 high school and normal

F'rank AIcLain, each pledged himself to "feed school students enlisted for the work, ( )ver

a soldier," They ]iromised to forget vacation 200 lots were cultivated. Andrew P.' Hill's

— and they kept that ]5romise. The>- put on back yard \vas an incentive for greater garden

an unexpected and no\'el program. (.)ne even- effort, for nothing was ^\■asted there, not

ing in May, headed Ijy two stalwart policemen c\'en space,

and armed with rakes and lu.es for weajjons, The winners of the first and second jirizes
they marched through the down town streets. offered by the Rotary Club in the scluxds
The Scouts bul)bled over with patriotism. (Jne were: Gardner School — Herliert Hver, lack
little laddie said : "Maylie I'm too little to car- Hewitt, Lowell School — AA'illie JurV, Harris
ry a gun, but _ I can make a garden!" F'or Willson, Washington School— Frank C.uer-
months Rev, Frank .McLain, Mr. Farrier, of ra, Emilio Gagliardo, Hawthorne School —
the First National Lank, George Norris and Mario and Frank Duino, first, and George
Donald Argnello had workefl on the Loy Straight, second. Grant School-^Louis Ar-
Scout movement in San Jose and their efforts none, 'first, and Denward and Fred Davis, sec-
found recognition in the cheers that greeted ,,nd. Horace .Mann School— Albert Hachlen
this patriotic ])arade of volunteer food pro- and George L.liss, first ,and A^ivian Thornton,
ducers, Thelma Lanz, Alvis Davis, Rubv Withers.

lllS'r()l^:^' ol'' SAN'IW CI.MvA Cul'N'IA' 185

Tlielina Mc("lar^^ C'anil Aiucs, sccimd. Kohl;- Jiisr|ili Al. I'arl^cr's ci iiiimittcc incl Stniday

fellow Schdul — r>\-riin and 'riichna liunt, I'li'st, al the W'ikIihiu' I idle! ami fur rarli (jf tlic six

and Waller IVmle)', I'jnile Kieea and I'eeil preeinels in llie Ifrst ward a eliairinan and liis

Moreheatl, seednd. f^incciln Sehoul — Ra)' Nicli- aids were named. i'l-ecinel Nn. 1 — lienry

olas and laek Gilleran. A\ ei", chairman; William WalSMii, Joseph

Xo storv of this l'M7 .i^arden aeti\it\- wonld llartnian, William 1. (ieoffroy, W. 1'. Cnrry,

he complete w-ithont special mention oi" ke\ . |. ^i^d I )r. A. A. Ca\a,L;-nara. rreemct N'o. 2—

H. Wythe, who, durin.t;- the entire ])eriod, \\ ;'is Joseph i\la;_;isU-elti, chairman; 1). M. 1 )ene,<,';ri,

deeply interested in the nioxemcnt and w\u< J. Caillean, lui.pene 1 'ezolo, 1<\ W. Ilo-an.

aided its snccess in e\er>- \va\-, not onl\- he- I'recinct Xo. .'^ — John \'. Sla\icli. chairman;

eanse of his government appointment on this A. I'. LeiK'sh, .\ngust P. Minjoulel, (nis

commission Imt because of his love of gardens. "Wendt, X. .\. I'ellerano. I'recinct No. 4 —

During l'M8 Prof. Joseiih E. Hancock was J. J. ^1 cLaurin. chairman ; Matt Hlennoii, W.

given the chairmanship of war garden actn- I'- Isham. .\. U. Kenned}'. I 'recinct^Xo. .5 —

itie.s by C. C. Moore, chairman of the state ^^'• l^- Atkinson, chairman; Dan J. Flannery,

council of defense. Professor Hancock h,ad Oeorge IT. .Anderson, (leorge M cb)onald, J. R.

an e.xtensi\e campaign jilanned when the ar- Kocher, James ('.illon, A. X. Posse. Precinct

mistice removed the pressing necessity for No- C' — .Mexander Sheriffs, chairman; Harry

increased food production. " Alorris, f. F. < )'[veefe. Miss T,\nch. Mrs. P'red

AVednesday, September 26, 1917. San Jose ^Y]1^'J' ^'l^S- I'.ennett, Mrs. J. J. Conniff, Rtr.s.

bade goodb}-e to Companies P and M, Califm-- ''<i.^J^"tP

nia volunte'ers, trained at P'ort .Alason, wdio < 'ther war leaders hastened to perfect their
passed through on then- wax- to ■'somewdiere \vorking force. Free learned that Al Huliliard
in France." That same da\''[. D. Ixuster. \A'. "'^s coming o\'er in his ward to appropriate
S. Clavton, A'. T- T^aAIotte, 'A^'ictor Palmer and some of the liest workers. Hubbard made
Dr, AA'. C. Pjailev went to San Francisco to approaches to liilly F'russia, wdio was count-
consult with the general executive committee. C'^l <-'" by Fr^-'e as a soliciting prize winner.
Friday the local meeting Avas held to arrange That would never do. Pree called a meeting
for the opening of the loan campaign (.)ctober at the Chamber of Commerce. Hubbard called
1. The committee personnel remained the a meeting at the same time and place ! They
same as in the first loan, P)hn I). Kuster, compromised! H Avas the best compromise
chairman, and I3r. AA'. C. Pailey, secretary. m the world. They simply agreed to combine

The citv was dnnded into four district's. io''^~es and fight side by side to a victorious

each with'well defined street boundaries, and '""^h ^;'>th the folk.wmg committeemen;

a competent executive head named for each Free's workers — S. AA'. AA'aterhouse, James

district. Joseph M, Parker was made chair- Finley, C. A. Hall, AA'alter Lillick, Juanita

man of ward one ; Arthur AP Free, ward two; PPalsey, Jennie Sheriffs, R. R. Syer, PI I\P

A. L. Hubbard, ward three ; and H. A. Harms, Rosenthal, S. Trapani, Jese Pevy. Alexander

ward four. Each chairman appointed a work- Plart, Joe Millard. Pert Gassett. Judge P. F.

ing committee of from 50 to 100 in his district Gosbey, Elmer E. Chase, Tom Bodley, Fannie

wkh captains and lieutenants so as to cjuickly Morrison, Mrs. C. A. AA'ayland, Dr. AA'illiam

organize eft'ectiye work. ' Simpson, Dr. J. J. Miller, Gus Pion, Frank

At this time the Eighth regiment, compris- O'Connell, Alfred lAfadsen, Karl Stull, Afrs.

ing over a thousand men, Colonel George M. Fosgate, Dr. David A. Peattie. Tom AA'atson,

Weeks commanding, arrived at Camp" Ere- ^R's. T. L. Blanchard. AA'alter Chrisman, L.

mont after a two inonths' trip from the Phil- Alaggini, Sam E. Smith. Samuel Tompkins.

ippine Islands. The famous California Griz- R. C. McComish. Captain Bailey, Captain

zlies were forming and camped at Tanforan, Campbell, Mrs. lAPae FauiP Mrs. Henry Lion,

I)rominent among them being Major Rt)bert P ^Irs. S. Ogier. Robert Borchers, A. C. Kuhns,

Bentley, Captain Cedric R. Richmond, Cap- Ralph Lowe.

tain Ellsworth E. Chase and Lieutenant AA'il- In ward four H. A. Harms, chairman, put
mer Gross. The cross above the hallowed his sign and seal on the following gentleman-
grave of Lieutenant AA'ilmer Gross "some- ly solicitors, each to name other able assis-
where in France" casts its shadow on the tants ; C. AA'. Da\ison, Judge PTrban A. South-
hearts of the home-folks for the continuance eimer, E. P. Bonar, J. B. Chiappe, F. A.
of whose lil.)erty he made the supreme sacri- Gunn, J. M. McKiernan, C. H. James, Mrs. D.
fice. H. Roberts.

Sunday, September 30, 1917, the Argall AA'ord came that on the following Friday,

Brothers quartet made their last appearance October 5, more than 700 lH)ys would pass

as a singing group at the Methodist Church. through San Jose on their way; to Camp

Charles was soon to leave for France. Lewis. The reception and supper given them

186 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

in St. James Street next to the Park, followed an eloquent and stirring address. Deputy

the eit_y's g-ot)dliye to 126 of the loeal Ixivs, Distriet Attorney Griffith addressed the crowd

Avho left that dav for army camps. ' from an auto near the Park, again from the

(A-toher 6, I<,hn D, Knster received a tele- -^teps <.f the Garden City Bank, and a tliird

gram from Airs. E. R. 15rainard, chairman of

time at the corner of St. James and First

the Woman's T^iberty Loan committee for Streets

California, asking that women l:(e appointed

The men who gave their time and energy

for conntv work." Mrs. C. A. Wavland was to make this parade an unforgettcdDle event

given the honor of the first appointment as \vere Joseph M. Parker, Chas. R. Parkinson,

chairman and immediatelv began to perfect an Thomas H. Reed. John U. Kuster, A. L.

organization. The woinen entered into the H"lmes, Karl Stnll, Howell D. Alelvin. Dr.

campaign with as much fervor as the men. ^V. C. Bailey, Henry M. Ayer and Arthur h.

Tvr c^i 1 r^ w 1 !• -ii c Lano'ford.

Mrs. Charles C. W a_yland s committee of '^

women was co-operating with the men's libcr- At the last moment the Boy Scouts were

ty loan committee and the women's council of '^'-'"^■'l "P'-n and they enlisted full of enthus-

defense. ''a^'"- 1'he second Liberty loan campaign

' ~ ' ,,..-,. V n , , 1 1 ., I ended Saturdav night, October 27, with a sub-

Judge A\ Uham A. Beasl.y headed the speak- ^^,,., j,,,^ ,_,^- $3:365; 100~another over subscrip-

ers committee- and secured Charles K. field, ^.^^^ ^^^ ^^^,^ ^^^^^^^1^^^ ^^ .subscribers was

editor of the Sunset Magazine, who address- ^-,,, ^,^.^^^^^:|. g^^,,g,j.i,,e,5_ 3250, making a total

ed an immense audience m the First I, a,, 1st ^^. -„-_,^ ^^^ 'mcrease of 970 over the first loan.

Church the next .-unday evening. (.)ther ,,^,^_^- ,^^ subscrii.tion was $2,305,650. The

s,-,eakers who gave their services during die ^^^^^^ subscription ,)er capita was $488.
campaign under |udge l.easl\" s direction \\-ere '^ ■ , a- ir r^ \ 1 ■

I. S. Williams, br.'T. W. Dinsmore, .\rthur >^ow came the second \. Al. C. A. drive.

e

J-ree, Victor LaMot'te. Senator Herl.ert H. I he Natioiial_ AVar Council recoininended th

lones A C. Kuhn, Fred L. Thomas, .M . F. '''"^'nK "f a t""'! "t $.v5 000,000, to serve the

Griffiths, \-ictMr Palmer, F. Al. Coleman and soldiers_ and sadnrs nt the allies and all pris-

Senator Frank H. IJens, ,n. ' "^'^•'■■^ ' '^ ^var. 1 he plan tr,r .Santa Llara C, ,un-

H W McC.mas was made chairman nf the Lv ^vas outlined m San Jose on N.-vember 19,
four minute men— Arthur M. Free, Senator ''^1'. at a dinner m the l.Al. C. A Auditor-
Jones, Grant ISennett, Dr. James B. Bullitt. '"'"■ f I'^i' ' w Y'?, ^^nat,,,- Herbert C.

Friday October 1') 1<-)17, saw a won.lerful- J' 'ues and Judge W. A. Beasly. 1 hen church

Iv insprri'n- para.le of sch,.ol children. Mure "i^-ctings and school meetings, the high school

than ^OOO'were m line. The parade, filleen l>"ys being enthusiastic Avorkers. 1 hey sub-

l)locks long, was led bv Citv Alana-'er Ree.l scribed $970. Nine San Jose girls, Alalva

and Charles I'arkinson." Aluch of its success IF'atty, Grace Limerick, Julia Holdridge,

Nvas due tn the efforts of Dr. M. E. Dailev, Hazel Dickinson, Georgme hmk, P.eth Cruin-

'Vgnes F Houx- and Alexander Sheriffs. ' "i^')'' Lilah Seiley and Lola l',ur<lick, made

The President's proclamation had desio- "'^■a™ and give" pledges of $10 each. The

nated Octnber 2-1 as Lil)ertv Dav, and biseph chddren in the kindergarten wanted to help,

\1 Parker Chas. R. Parkinson,' Henry Aver and a special fund tciok care of their pennies

and Joseph T. Brooks went to Camp F'rem.'int and dimes. Alore than 350 committeemen

to cf.nfer Avith the officers there aliout having lieli)ed to carry on the second "Y." drive,

the troops take part in the day's demonstra- These men constituted more than twenty

tion Dr. James B. Bullitt, [. S. Williams and teams. On November 20, Senator Jones an-

X'ictor Palmer did valiant "work and s,, did nounced that the drn-e was "over the to]),"

fiilly Emerson, San Jose's veteran newsie. having $.-i000 more than the $2.-i,000 quota.

On Lil»ert\' Day \\'ith its jostling crowds 'fhe Women's Alubilized xVrin\- jirox'ed its

liniu'-'' the streets, there passed such a spec- abilit}' as a power for accom]dishment through

tacular parade numljering more than 15,000 ( am])aigii after campaign for war funds and

persons as had ncA'er liefcu'e thrilled the hearts strenuous jjond dri\es. Mrs. L. 'I\ vSmith be-

of San b'^cans. The fjghth Regiment came ianie colonel fur the Santa Clara County

from Camp frer.iont, S(JU strong, 'fhere \vere Army, and Airs. I). A.^Beattie, as licutcnaiU-

se\'en Ijands, besides numerous drum corps, all C'lfinel, fjoked after San Jose. ]{L'\-en other

tlie schooL, and fraternal and ci\'ic organiza- workers were apiiointed to lead the acti\ities

tioiis. Chief of Pidice Black led the ])arade ul the \arious districts of the county. These

Avith City Manager Reed as grand marshal were: Mrs. W. \'>. .\llen, Palo Alt(j ; Mrs. S.
and Sheriff Arthur fi. f^angford as chief aid. L. Berry, Alountain \'iew ; Mrs. James Glen-

.\t St. James Park, following the parade, re- denning, Santa Clara; Mrs. .\. A. Halsey,

freshments were ser\'ed to the Eighth Regi- Cupertino; Mrs. Geo. Parso, Campbell; Mrs.

nient, after which Arthur M. Free delivered W. (\. Tomlinson, Saratoga; Mrs. Z. L. Riggs,

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA CoHN'IA' 187

Los Gatos : Mrs. (.\ H. Ivirnhart, Morgan r>a1<cr iiiailc iid oliani^-cs in the jji-rsonnel of
Hill; }vlrs. W. V>. ilolschaw, ' (lilroy ; Mrs. j. licr wi irkcrs dnriiiL; tlio entire war period. The
r. Shaniho. lAcrgreen, and Miss Nellie Kvans, faitliful enteric nf wninen were: Mrs. I{. H.
Milpitas. This permanent orijanization el- liaker, .Mrs. 1,. I,. Lamar, Mrs. C. 11. Parsons,
feeted for the period of the war, ineluded 1.ie- Miss AL lili midi ihl, .Mrs. C O. Neale and Mrs.
side the eolonel and twelve lieutenant-eolon- F,. I'erkins. 'Jdie nther instance of valiant
els, a major for each school district. Each ser\ice \\'as that of Mrs. J. M. Church Walk-
major ap]>ointed ca]itains and under each cap- er, in charge of the nKJuntain district abo\'e
tain \\-ere se\eral lieutenants. hi San Jc>se Los Gatos. 'Jdiis little woman ha\-ing- no
the majors named b)- Mrs. D. .V. iSeattie were other Avay to du her wnrk walked e\"er\- step
Mrs. F. F. (."ioshev, Mrs. N. TL P)Ooker, ]\frs. of the necessar\- sixteen miles to (Mrganize her
\. }. Byl, Mrs. J. E. Hancock, .Ahs. F. A. Von district.

Dnrston, Mrs. C. C. Little, Miss W'ehner, }ilrs. The latter part of 1017 was a great sueces-

Xicholas r.owden, ^vlrs. Willis Clayton, Mrs. sion of drives. The first week 'in December

,\. B. Brown, IMrs. George 1!. Seeley, ^Mrs. the National War Council of the ^'oung Wo-

Charles Parkinson and Afrs. S. D. Farrington. men's Christian ,\ssi iciation issued a call for

This magnificent organization, nerfected m $4,000,000 for the pnrpi.se of establishing soc-

a short time, numbered 1400 women liandetl '^il 'i"<l '^est centers f<.r heroic nurses at the

together to answer with unselfish service ev- front. Santa Clara County's qn.ita was

erv appeal made to them. Nine tremendous $16,000. At a meeting <in December .t, Mrs.

war activities called for their best endeavor. L. T. Smith made her appointments f.ir the

The December, 1917, I^Led Cross membership c.nnty, and .Mrs. D. A. Beattie named the

drive was the Mobilized Army's initial ser- following team cajUains for San Jose: Mrs.

Nice. Airs. A. A. Fowler was chairman of this Pobert Syer, Miss Maud Blackforrl, Mrs

activitv. The second campaign came in 1918, I'^'t^'i' Dunn, AIiss Lertlia Fair, Airs. C. C. Lit-

when 'thev hel])e>l to carry nut th.e success- tie. Airs. Ste].hen Alaynard. Each captain

ful Thrift' and War Savings Stamp drive un- selected ten to tweh'e women for patriotic

der the- chairmanship of AL'S. F. AL Elev. serxice. San Jnse responded, as it always

The third Libertv Inan, April, 1918, proved <1"1. with an oversubscription. N.jt only San

the quality of women's service under the guid- jose but the County. The quota Avas reached

ance of Airs. C. A. \A\ayland, chairman. "The ^v'tF $4000 to spare.

Red Cross campaign in May, P-'18, AA'ar Sa\-- During the summer of 1918 the bjcal Y. W.

ings Stamp dri\"e in June, 1918, and the regis- C. A. made a gift ])eyond price to the cause

tration of all children under six }"ears of age, nf suilering humanity when ]\Iiss Alary Helen

alsi.i in June, \yere directed by memliers of J'nst offered herself through the Association

the Women's ArmA\ In October, 1918, came fnr o\"erseas work.

the fourth Lil->ert>^ loan, and n(.i one aviII ever 'fhe Knights of Columbus and the Y. AP

f.n-get the Volunteer Day preceding it on Sep- 0. A. received appointments at the same time

tember 7. On this day members of the Wom- f,-,,m J^resident AA'ilsnn. The big task before

en's Mobihzed Army served in the regular these organizations was to raise funds for

polling places throughout the country, more the special needs of the soldiers. The Knights

than 850 volunteering for this Avnrk m San umlertook to raise $50,000 for the entire coun-

Jnse. The result of efficient organization be- tv. San Jose's share being $10,000. It was to

came apparent when a "check up" nf the dav's p^ a fund for all, a work "for all, regardless of

returns showed that ab(.>ut 65 per cent of creed or fraternal affiliation. Plans for the

Santa Clara count_\-'s quota had lieen volun- campaign were made in December, 1917, at a

teered in one day. The Llnited AA'ar AA'ork luncheon at the Hntel A'endome, at Avhich

campaign in November, 1918, and the Liberty time Rev. Edward J. Hanna, the guest of

loan drive closed the book of the AVomen's h,,nnr, expressed his pleasure in the eo-opera-

Alobilized Army history. No tabulation of tion of different organizations. "For the first

campaign returns or bare record (if work can time in its history," said Bishop Hanna, "the

ever tell the story in its entirety. The mem- cnuntry has placed its moral and physical wel-

bers of this army made every sacrifice, some fare in the hands nf the religious men of the

<ii them even the sacrifice of health m the pat- nation. The best wav to make good soldiers

riotic endeavor to leave nothing undone that is to educate men tn "high ideals/"

would speed the coming of the day when 'phe drive, scheduled originally for Decem-

peace should dawn on a war-worn world. 1,^1- IQ, opened at that time in the residential

Among the thousands of appealing inci- districts only, the business district not to be

dents during the work of the AA'omen's Arm}- canvassed until after Christmas. Charles AL

are two particularly worthy of special men- ( )'l-!rien led the K. of C. forces as chairman of

tion. In San Jose Precinct Nc;. 10, Mrs. E. H. a committee consisting of J. F. Brooke, D. M.

188 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Burnett, Jay McCabe, F. G. Canelo, F. J. tives of the Chamber of Commerce, the Rot-

Somers, Koliert Benson, W. F. Eienson, ]. S. ar^• Chib, the Red Cross, \". W. C. A., Y. M. C.

Williams. John J. Jones, Dr. P>. L. Wise, .\.', and the A\'oman's Club and other orsjani-

Frank Martin, F. J. Reidy, R. l^ressani, N. A. zations to make phins and perfect some kind

Pellerano, M. F. C.riffith' and D. J. Flannery. of Avorkin;:: committee. J. J. McDonald Avas

Peter Dunne A\-as assit^ned to the Alameda; made eliairman and Luita Arnold secretary.

Joseph A. r.ilm and James Hancock led the (;)ther ])resent were Mrs. Charles Osenbau.q:h,

campaigners in the "\A'illoA\'s ; J. v"^. Cunan, E. Bro\vnie Schilling-slnu-g. Mrs. \\ . B. Irisli,

S., Sanjose, Joseph Solari and C. <"). Wcndt Mrs. Arthur Langford, IMrs. Claude Winan.s,

were committeemen to cover "the city." Dr. :\r. F. Dailey, Charles R. Parkinson, W.

Christmas time, several other drives in ])ro- T. Rambo, and Joseph T. lirooks. The mten-

gres.s— and $10,000 to raise! 'Idiat meant tion was just to lovmgly send to each lioy m

$1000 every dav f.ir ten davs! The vaudeville trench or rami), a Christmas remembrance

show for the Camp Fremont l.ovs had just "from the folks at home." Committee leaders

been given bv the Knights of Co'luml)us and "'fre quickly selected, hmance, Fleanor

stimulated interest in 'the drive. Then the Brown; publicity, Mrs. A. B. Langford ; to

war fund received a Christmas gift from },fan- secure the names of the boys, Mrs. W. B. Ir-

ager James lleattv of the Liliertv Theater. is'i : supplies, Mrs. Claude A. \\:nans; box

This gift Avas 2000 theater tickets 'to lie sold packing committee, :\Irs. N. J. Gray. Later

for the benefit of the campaign. >M'-s- !'■ J- Loel. Mrs. S. L. Cunningham, Mrs.

The dav after Christmas the drive began in ^'- ^i- ^^^-^ ]^''\l- h ^^^Donald Judge W.

earnest. 'Puk^e AX'. A. Beaslv, C. C. Coolidge '^^ l-'^^asly and jay McCabe were added to the

1 T 1 " 1 't 11 1 " 11 ii ii o-eneral committee Abire and more were add-

and L)hn ). Jones called upon all the attor- ,-,eiicicii loiuiiullc^.. ^ .

nevs.- Doctors an.l dentists received visits ed until San Jose simply became a committee

frcnn Lrs. Philip Wise, Arthur T. McGinty ot the whole to .see to it that not one- b,.v from

„„,! n,- vi,,,-,-n,- I'll,, tr Ti,- 1 T p p home was fort;-otten. Mrs. Claude ,A. Wmans
and l.)i. yiniia\. ohn i' . Ijiocjke. . K. Ivy- , , , ' . , , . -^i ^r 7> ^

land and David' Burnett visited all fri.it can- ^^'f .\'' c,.mmitteesh,p w. h ^Irs. Bert

ners. Frank ]. Somers, AVill Prussia and F. Goldsmith „ Mrs. J. E. Hancock Mrs. D. L.

L McHenrv claimed the territory on the east ^""^h and Mrs. A. D. Grant. Ihat gave he

side ..f First Street from Santa Clara. The ^V<->mans Club a place of prominence in the

west side of the street was canvassed by F. supply department and the clnb recognized its

G. Canelo, Lay AlcCabe and Henry Hoff. Christmas honors by offering to pack the

Santa Clara Street was assigned to Charles L. utixes.
Barrington, P. [. Foley ancfPL [. Dou.gherty ; The Boy Scouts accompli.shed wonders rais-

Second Street between San Antonio and San -ing in one day $1175.80. The original plan

Fernando was claimed by Lie Solari, Frank called for 500 lioxes. There were at least 900

Reidv and \\'. J. Benson, "[ohn S. AX'illiams, that went as Christmas cheer to the boys at

N. A. Pellerano and Richard Bressani cover- the front. In addition to the liox oOO pounds

ed Alarket Street. iT candy were sent. The boxes contained

Daily luncheons with encouraging reports ''''^'«'""' P''""^'^- »"ts candy cakes, toilet

spurred to .greater endeavor and ,m December aj't'cles, k.ca papers, jack ( .raham s song.s and

,^0, when Chairman Charles M. O'Brien an- San Jose s Christmas greeting, i he first thing

nounced that the (|uota had been reached with ^o catch the recipient s attentmn would be the

a generous margin there was a burst of en- "^y s greeting. its warni-hearte.lness must

tlnisiasm ' have seemed like a handclasp across the ihs-

The^gift of $10,000 to the war fund did not tance— the handclasp of a friend!
end the local oft'er of Catholic helpfulness. "San Jose bids her soldier l>o)'s, wherever
Father Walsh and Father Cox, of Santa Clara they may be, a Merry Christinas. We would
College, followed the flag overseas, and like to ha\e you think of San jose not as a col-
Father T. C. r)'Connell, pastor of St. Patrick's lection of houses and stores, a mere hn-e of
Church, spent more than a year (m the fight- '^I's.V people, but as a Ining personality whose
ing front, offering his chaplaincy in the ser- heart warms to you who have left home to de-
\ice of the bo"\'S. ' fend our beloN'ed country in this time of dan-

The first id'ea of Christmas cheer came to ger. We would convey to you a bright reflee-

Fleanor A. Brown, and she talked it over with tion of our Christinas cheer. A\'e miss you

five other San Jose girls— Marion Goldsmith, fi""™ '>"r fii'esides and amid the rejoicing of

Marion Cassin, Maud Thomas, lA-elyn John- the holiday season we are at^ once sad and

s<in and Luita Arinjld. ' " proud that you are absent. A\'e call upon you

.^t the Chamber of Commerce on November the blessing of Him in \vh(]se name the Christ-

1, 1917, there was a meeting. Eleanor Brown mas feast is spread. Christ was liorn to bring

and her fi\'e girl friends met with representa- peace and goo»lwill unto all the world. You

HISTORY oK SANTA Cl.ARA COUNTY

189

haw.- giNcn yourselves tn the same eause ; lor
peaeeand goodwill eannol thrive in the same
world with Kaisorism. As on Christmas day
your thovights turn loviui^ly toward home, our
hearts' best wishes go forth to \i)U. Thomas
H. Reed, City Manager of San Jose."

In preparation for the third I^iberty loan.
Dr. \\'. C. Hailev was made ehairman for Santa
Clara County, John IX Kuster deelining to
serve again." Dr. Bullitt, Judge Gosbey and
joe Brooks, a ehorus of Normal Sehool girls,
forty voices strong, and numbers of patriotic
citizens carried out an educational campaign
that coyered the county. H. D. Melvin visited
all lodges and patriotic pledges were secured
with the assistance of J. E. Hancock, Judge
Gosbev, S. G. Tompkins, Arthur M. Free and
Alexander Sheriffs, speakers of powerful con-
viction. Dan I. Flannery's Speakers' Commit-
tee consisted of A. V. Shubert, Victor Challen,
Arthur Curtner and Judge Urban A. Sonth-
eimer.

H. \V. McComas, chairman of the Four Min-
ute :Men marshaled his force of t\venty-fiye
speakers early in the campaign. The Woman's
Mobihzed Army, with its powerful organiza-
tion of more than 1400 under the colonel, Mrs.
L. T. Smith, the lieut. -colonel, ^Mrs. D^ A.
Beattie and Liberty loan chairman Mrs. C. A.
Wayland combined with the War Work
Council.

Saturday, April 6, 1918. designated "Liberty
Day." opened the third Liberty Loan drive
with one of the grandest educational military
demonstrations in Luna Park ever staged in
Santa Clara Countv. As a result almost $1,-
000,000 of Santa Clara County's quota of $2,-
605,000 ^yas raised. The committee in charge
of the Luna Park spectacle was a bank com-
mittee, consisting of Geo. B. Campbell, cashier
of the Security State Bank, chairman; J. H.
Russell, R. D. Pearce, D. S. Glendenmng, C.
A. Baronne, Bank of Italy; A. D. Baker, W.
E. Dre^y, First National ISank; Waldo E.
Lowe and M. B. Davis, Bank of San Jose;
Lester Hyde and Percy Thompson, Garden
City Bank; Harold Ahlman, George Pierson,
Security State Bank.

The burden of the campaign fell to the lot of
the ten committeemen under the Liberty loan
leaders. These committeemen were John D.
Crummey, Alexander Shentts, A. D. Curtner,
Louis Campiglia. Henry M. Ayer, Chas. M.
O'Brien, Chas. R. Parkinson, Elton R. Shaw,
E. A. Richmond, Alexander Hart, Walter G.
Matthewson, Howell D. Melvin. Henry
Hirsch became special inspector for the San
Jose district to see that the plans were car-
ried out.

Not every one purchased bonds voluntarily.
Everywhere workers met concrete evidence of

insidious (.lerman ])ropaganda. The list of
those refusing to Iniy bonds increased to such
ail extent that the Santa Clara County investi-
gating and educational committee, with John
I). Kuster as chairman, came into the cam-
paign. ( Uher members of this organizati(.)n
were f. A\'. Grimes, Albert Kavser, V. H.
Wylie", A. A. Halsey, A. M. Free, F. J. Mc-
llenry, Fred L. Fehren, A. G. Du Brutz. Judge
P. F. Gosbey, Sam G. Tompkins, Herbert C.
Jones. These men did not shirk their unwel-
come task. (_)\'er 900 cases were in\'estigated
and the members' ser\-ices were inx'aluable.

On April 16, 1918, San Jose was electrified
b\' the news that Lieut. Douglas Campbell
had won the French War Cross by bringing
down a German plane and capturing the pilot.
Shortly before noon on Liberty Day, April
26, the message came that San Jose and the
county had gone "over the top." It was a
great campaign that ended officially on May
4, 1918. with not only the full quota of bonds
subscribed and the population recjuirements
met. but an amount credited to Santa Clara
County for more than $800,000 above the allot-
ment and 12,136 more investors than during
the second loan. The most sanguine hopes
that came into existence with the organiza-
tion of the War Work Council in March, 1918,
had been realized. Each member of the Coun-
cil gave to the members of the AVomen's
Mobilized Army the fullest credit for the splen-
did results.

During the strenuous campaign an advisory
committee met every da}- at the War Work
Council head(|uarters to "talk things over and
devise ways and means." Of the following
faithful members of this committee many gave
at least fifty per cent of their time to the work
and others, finding that liusiness interfered
with their patriotism simply gave up their
business, devoting all their time and energy to
the interests of "backing up the bovs" : Byron
Millard, A. B. Post, Judge W. A. ^Beasly, Dr.
James B. Bullitt, S. G. Tompkins, W. S. Clap-
ton, A\'. E. liauer, \'. J. La Alotte, Louis Cam-
piglia, Arthur M. Free, H. L. Baggerly, \\'il-
Inir J. Edv\-ards, E. K. Johnston, H. G. Coy-
kendall, \\\ G. Alexander, Frank J. Somers.
George N. Flerbert, John D. Kuster and D. T.
Bateman.

Special committeemen were Thomas Fl.
Reed, Karl M. Stull, Victor Palmer, Alvin
Long. Sheldon R. Wills, F. A. Nikirk, Frank
L. Baker, D. J. Flannery, Victor Challen,
Judge Urban A. Sontheimer, Arthur B. Lang-
ford, Brooks Tompkins, F. F. Chapin and
Wilson E. Albee.

Preparations ^^'ere now made for the fourth
Liberty loan dri\e. One or two changes al-
tered the \var work council chart. Dr. W. C.

190

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

llailey became chairman of the Santa Clara
Cuunt}- War AWirk council; Joseph Al. Par-
ker, chairman of the Santa Clara Count\-
fuurth Lihert\- Ician cnmmittee; Louis Cam-
]>ig'lia, chairman San Jose A\\ar AX'ork Cduncil ;
E. H. F(jster, secretar)- ; Arthur H. Curtner,
treasurer; I3r. James B. Bullitt, statistician.

The campaign did not o])en olhcialh' until
September 28, 1918, but long Ijefore the "Ijig
da}'" evervdiie was at work. The 750 men of
the war work Cduncil and the 1400 \viirkers of
the Women's arm\' comprised the A'olunteer
da}' fiirce to take charge of the "\oting l]ooths"
in ex'ery pireciiict and ptdling place throughout
the count}-. Arthur Curtner ga\"e a "get ac-
quainted" dinner to all <listrict leaders at the
jMontgomerA- Hotel on the cNciiing of Septem-
bev 20th, J. Al. Parker nial<ing the jirincipal
speech, lilind Al Herr, newsfio}-, lH">ught the
first l)ond on Alonda^', September 25. His cane
guided hnn to headc|uarters. Some throats
choked a Int when Blind Al held out fifty d.)b
lars for some unseen hand to take.

Volunteer day, SeptemlDer 27. 1918, will go
doAX'ii in histor}- as one of the greatest da}-s in
the chronicles of the count\'. < )n that dav,
practical!}' without an}' solicitation, the count}'
subscribed $3,258,650 to the fourth Liliert}'
loan bonds, $1,701,250 of that amount Ijelong-
ing tci San ]ose. The h(;)nor flag oilered for
the largest niimljcr of suljscriptious in a pre-
cinct in ])roportion tC) the population went to
precinct Nij. 57 in charge of I'\ A. \^an 1 )orsten,
director, and Charles 'SI. OTirien, A'ice chair-
man. Out of ,373 registered \'oters 62 per cent
made l)ond subscriptions, ddiis precinct at
Wilson's garage, 899 South Fifteenth street,
listed among its workers Josei)h T. Brooks,
Edward (ohnson, Ben Brown, H. Trephagen,
Airs. W.G. Alexander, May Hoffman, Hattie
Hoft'man, Miss Jones, Mrs. H. H. Aladsen,
Mrs. L. P. Edwards, Airs. P. D. During, Mrs.
C. !!. Mason and Airs. J. R. Baile}'.

The honor flag for the largest amount of
subscriptions totaling $68,850, was proudl}'
carried away Y)y Crandallville ])recinct No. 2
in charge of Alexander Sherriffs, ^•ice chair-
man, and AW J. Lean, director. ( )ther workers
were W. B. Irish, Daisy Cozzens, Reta .\ngus,
Hattie Prindi\'ille, Mrs. R. H. Tojjham, Anna
Mathews and Bessie Crowfo(.)t. D. M. Dene-
gri did }'eoman ser\'ice among the Italian-
speaking populati(m, ol>taining notable results
from the emplo}'ees of the C,reco canner\'. .VII
canners and their hundreds of workers stood
sc)lidlv behind the loan. William Halla cov-
ered Chinatown and founrl bond suljscriptii ms
piling ui) after the neA\'s came that young Sing
Kee, son of Chung Kee, had been awarded the
Distinguished Ser\-ice Cross. Sing Kee. the
only Chinese soldier in Compan}' (). Three

Hundred and Sixth Infantry, (leser\'ed that
(lect)ration and the Croix de C,uerre \\'hich
came to him later. He stcjod for 48 hotirs at
an advance post with ^\'ireless apparatus send-
ing messages l)ack to his commander after the
j'lost had lieen aliandoned b}' the entire com-
pany. Sing Lee fought in man}' battles and
spent a month in the hospital at Tours follow-
ing a sexere experience with mustard gas dur-
ing a Hun attack. A letter of congratulation
went to Sing Kee from his felhn\' townsmen of
the War AV'ork Council. The Jajianese sub-
scribed $50,000. The service flag dedicated at
St. Joseph's on (Jet. 6, 1918, held almost one-
third of the San Jose stars. ( )n Saturday. ( )ct.
19, 1918, bells, horns and whistles annrjunced
victor}-, v^anta Ckira Cciunt}- was credited
\\'ith an ox'ersubscription of $826,650.

Judge P. F. Gosl)e}' of the Council of De-
fense made tlie following acknowledgment of
Parker's aide leadershi]) : "1 wish to e.x|")ress
the aiJiJreciation of the vSanta Clara couni\- di-
vision of the Council of Defense for the excel-
lent AX'ork dciiie !:>}' J. M. Parker during the
fourth Lil)ert\- loan campaign. It ^\■as large-
ly due to his efl:orts and to those of his aide
assistants that the campaig'n was carried
through in this cit}' and count}' to such great
success. The result wdll alwax's stand as a
monument to Josejih M. Parker's al)ilitA' and
li:i}'alty." In the fourth loan San Jose had 20,-
075 suljscribers. 'Idte total bond subscri]ition
was $3,595,000, per capita a\erage of $179.
loir tile county, sniiscriliers 11,662, amount
$1,8'W,700, per cajjita $163. Cit}- and county
suliscribers, 31,735; amount $5,4*34,700, iier
capita $173. In this loan 29.4 per cent of
the populatioi-i su))scri])ed as against 19 per
cent sul)scril)ing for the third loan.

"Wdiile priest and Protestant clerg}'men min-
istered to the men of all nationalities and
creeds on the liattlefieids v\-here all differences
\\'ere forgotten in a common cause, in the
homeland there developed a new bond of
l)rotherhoocl. 'A splendid demonstration of
this l)roader understanding v\-as the "Seven in
< )ne" campaign in Novemlier, 1918, when
se^-en great war work organizations united un-
der one l)anner. Santa Clara County sounded
an unanimous call for .\rthur D. Curtner to be
its dri\-e leader. This intensel}- patriotic
American was an outstanding figure liecause
of his magnificent service in all war work un-
dertaken by the community. The assisting
Committee represented each l(.:)cal organization.
Y. M. C. A., Herl,ert C. Jones; Nati^onal Cath-
olic \\'ar Council, including Knights of Co-
luml)US, M. h;. Griflith ; War Camp Community
Serxice, E. N. Richmond; V'. A\'. C. A., Mrs. L.
T. Smith ; Jewish Welfare Board, U. S. army
and navy, J. H. Levy; Salvation Army, J. Al.

HISTORY ol'^ SANTA CM.AI'JA CoUNTV 191

Parker; American l,il)rar\' Assneiatinn, Stella ihe (ln\e for Iniicls was eii,L;iiU'ere(l entire]}' 1)\

Huntingtem. Santa Clara Cnunty's (|Uiita was the Chaniljer of Connneree with Fred 1^. h'os-

raised with an o\ ersnhseription of $J5,(MM). ter as the capable and enerj_;-etie publicity

The fifth \'ictor\- loan drive was carried to a.^ent. The real or,^■anlzatlon was perfected in

success ag-ainst ,>;-rJat handicajis. The war was l'"-' 1:^11 <'f 1''15, aiid headquarters established

over and^there was indiiTerence in the ].ublic in a room in the Chamber of Commerce

mind. j. M. I'arker was the dri\e leader ])ar budding.

excellence, lie stirred up the vx'orkers and all 'bhe first work under the new organization,
went ^\"ell. W. S. Clayton and John K. Chacc with Mrs. J. W. l)a\\' chairman, was the rais-
brcike their own records liy securing $,iKS,UOi' ing (jf a v'ohintar\- subscription of $2400 for
in bond subscri]itions in four davs. A uni(jue the pin-chase of new clothing. After the big
stunt ^\■as the X'olunteer 1 )ay air circus staged mass meeting v\iiich resulted in the shipment
bv James 1'.. Leaman, I''. II. Chapin and A. b'... of warm new clothing, the mcinthl)' pledges
Hcilmes. Airplanes from Alather Field circled became a feature cif the relief. These pledges,
above the eonnt^•, drcipping 1 5,000 \'ictor\- loan Nuluntarih- signed, were the means (jf send-
dodgers. On Ma)- Day, F'19, came the big I'e- ing from San Jose $400 a month in the begin-
ception and parade to honor the bo}-s who ha>l ning; that increased to $600 and the last
gone to the front and had come back heroes. month's gift amounted to $1,^00. Appro.-\i-
bn the night of May 10, 1919, the drive jiassed niately $15,000 totaled the local subscriptions
into history — an oversubscription, as usual. to this relief fund and that amount does not
\A'ith the estaldishment of Camp I'remoin "nlude the first funds of $2600 for foodstulTs
only twenty miles awa^■, and soldiers coming ^'"'l $--^^0 for new clothing, which were for-
to San Jose bv hundreds, a place had to be \varded through the Stanford Fund before the
provided w-here they might rest, rea.l and San Jose organization was com|dete.
w-rite and eat. The Chan-ibier of Commerce In all there were four dri\-es for clothiu'r
lost no time. Its ]n-esident. Dr. A\'. C. llaile>-, T\\-o of them \\-ere made in conjunction with
immediately appointed Chas. R. Parkinson the National Red Cross. Afore than 25 tons
ehairn-ian i_)f a committee to proxide a soldiers' of clothing were shii)]>ed o\-erseas as the result
recreatic>n fund. An old fund left o\'er from a of appeals made during these four drives. One
rose carnival auKjunting to several hnn<lred remarkable record of hel])fulness was made 1))-
dollars, with accrued interest, w-as in the hands the Comforts Forwarding Committee of the
of Alexander llart, the earni\-al treasurer. Christian Science Chnrcli, who gathered at
This amount was turned over to the commit- their North First street headcpiarters one-tenth
tee as a starter and made possible the oi)ening of all the clothing sent to Belgium during the
of rooms in the Chaml.-ier of Con-inrerce build- last drne. From the Home of Truth on
ing. Help was needed, as the boys kejit com- North Fifth street there has been issued no
ing, and accordinglv- a committee of eight was record of the unlimited auKjunt of mone}- and
appointed l:)y the \\'omen's National Council clothing they have sent across the sea. W'ork-
of Defense to co-operate A\-ith the Chamber of ing independentl}- the_\- forwarded hundreds of
Commerce. The members were }>Irs. Nicholas dollars and box after hox of clothing directl}-
Bow-den, Mrs. I). .\. Beattie, Mrs. Fester to Aladame de Fleni|)tine, a Belgian woman
Morse, Airs. [. \V. Da\}', Mrs. W. L. A\'ood- who conducted a refugee house at Calais,
row-, Mrs. J. E. Hanci.ick, Mrs. Louis Sonnik- From first to last no money was used for ad-
sen, Mrs. R. R. [ohnston and Mrs. C. R. Bark- ministration of this great mercv' fund. ' E\-ery
inson, chairman. There was a reception and cent collected for Belgian Relief went to Bel-
200 soldiers attended. Forty w-omen matle ,gium, sent by Jack Russell, of the Bank of
themselves responsible for the club. Mrs. W. Italy, w-ho acted as treasurer.
L. AVoodrowr was appointed chairman of the The committee w-ho served with Airs. J. \V.
canteen; Mrs. Frank Leib, secretary; Airs. S. Da\-v' in this great humanitarian work w-ere
A. Appleton, treasurer; Mrs. C. R. Parkinson, Miss Ida Wehner, Mrs. W. A. Beasly, Airs. S.
director of ser\-ice. L'pon the aband(U-iing of C. Tompkins, Mrs. Charles R. Parkinson, Airs.
Camp Fremont the club w-as closed. 4d-ie Thomas Blanchard, Airs. Edwin A. Wilcox,
dishes and furnishings were given to worth)- Airs. Everett Bailey, Airs. D. A. Beattie, Airs.
charities and to the center for women in indns- J. E. Bell, Airs. AV. A. Johnson, Airs. A. P.
try established by the Y. W. C. A. Post, Airs. W. P. Lyon, Airs. H. L. Baggerly,,
To help the Belgians San Jose did her ])art Airs. George Herbert, Mrs. Nicholas Bowden,
from first to last. In January, 1915, at the call Airs. David Burnett, Airs. Edward Sterling,
of Herbert Hoover, Dr. W. C. Bailey, presi- Airs. Paul Clark, Airs. Louis Sonniksen, Airs.
dent of the Chamber of Commerce, called an Willard C. Bailey, Mrs. Leonard Stocking,
important meeting, which resulted in $2,600 Mrs. Robert Syer, Airs. F. C. Singletary, Airs,
worth of foodstuffs being sent to Belgium. George B. McKee, Airs, (ilendennmg, Mrs. E..

192

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

C. Richmond. .Mrs. Jay Elder, Mrs. M. E.
Eaull, Mrs. Charles R. Wavland, Mrs. Arthur
Eield, Mrs. T. H. Reed, Mrs. W. L. Woudrow,
Mrs. W. P. Doiighert.v, Mrs. W. A. Water-
house and Mrs. \\". AY. Campljell. In the
schools Miss Mary Helen Post was in char^'e
of the work at the Normal, Mrs. Mary Smith,
V\'ashington School, and Miss Elizabeth Alc-
Swain at the high school.

Thousands of dollars went frt)m San Jose for
Armenian and Serl:iian Relief. During two in-
tensive drives for the suffering and starving
people across the sea the local response
amounted to more than $38,000.00.

When the appealing needs of the Armenians
became urgent, a meeting at the Y. \V. C. .V.,
on March 11. 1918, started the first Ing drive.
Judge F. B. Brown led this campaign and J. D.
Crummey took the treasurership. The amount
apportioned locally was $12,000 with $3000 to
come from the county outside of San Jose.
The one fact of this relief fund Ijeing adminis-
tered by a New York man who paid all ex-
pense so that ever}- cent collected might go to
Armenia was a feature of the drive. The en-
tire quota was met under the efficient leader-
ship of Judge Brown and Mr. Crummey aided
by the following executive committee, Cap-
tains and assistants at headquarters :

Executive committee: Judge F. B. Brcnvn,
Mrs. W. A. Alexander, Rev. R. S. Emrich,
Rev. E. A. King, Hon. H. Jones and Mrs. D.
A. Beattie. At headc[uarters : Mrs. Flickinger,
Mrs. Hull and Miss Bishop who re|)resented
Mr. Crumme\". Captains: Mrs. F. M. Eley,
iMrs. D. W. Gilchrist, Mrs. J. \\". Lewis, Air's.
M. Y. McCurdy, Mrs. Charles Crothers, Mrs.
A. T. Hermann, Mrs. E. A. Wilcox, Mrs. E.
Richards, E. Y. P.usch, A. C. Wilkins and
George N. Herbert.

James Beatt}-, manager of the Liberty HMica-
ter, jjresented the committee through George
N. Herbert's team with 200 theater tickets for
each month of the year, a gift that supported
10 children for the entire period. The crest of
giving came on Saturday, March 6, 1918, with
a respimse of $4,222.00 vSan Jt)se's entire
Armenian subscri])ticin during this "Judge
Brown drive" took care of 1598 children' 1000
men and 1000 women in the destitute country
that looked to California for help and did not
look in vain.

The second drive for allied relief, headed b)-
Charles M. (J'Brien. chairman, and carried r)ut
with the machiner}- of the War Work Council,
began Januar}- 14, PM9. With a (|ur)ta of
$22,000, asked over $23,000 was given. The
armistice silenced the guns and out of that
silence the cry for help came. From the l)e-
ginning the Jofifre Club, Club La France, the
San Jose branch of civil and military relief

under the direction of Mrs. Victor Cauhape
sent hundreds of dollars and tons and tons of
supplies, while societies and individuals
adopted French orphans.

The county members of the War Work
Council did their part nobly during the war.
They were :

Alviso — Geo. E. Nicholson, chairman : W. F.
Rtjl^ideaux, D. IL Wade. W. F. Zankors, A.
Standish, J. M. Fords, Geo. T. Gallagher, H. J.
Richards, committeemen.

Cupertino — W. 15. Calvert, chairman ; John
1-vudy, Paul Goodhue, Chas. Lowe, Dr. A. M.
Coleman, Antcm Pichetti, C. L. Rich, vice-
chairman. Committeemen — G. ^V. Blair, C. D
Bambauer, W. A. Buick, Grant Barton,
A. McDonald, L A. Ball, F. A. Ball, Paul
Coolidge, M. L. Dow, K. A. Friednch, C. R.
Forge, E. H. Freeman, J. Frost, Paul Jones,
\Y. Jellyman, H. H. Mosher, E. J. Parrish, W.
Paslv, )as. Patterson, E. N. Pettit, F. M. Pfei-
fer, Ch'as. Rostand, F. A. Taft, O. B. Woods,
C. E. Warren.

Campbell — J. C. Ainsley, chairman ; W.
Eckles, J. E. Weisendanger, W. T. Hobson,
John F. Duncan, Geo. L. Parso, Earl Knapp.
vice-chairmen; J. L. Hagelin, Hiram Hutton,
A, C. Keesling, W. H. Llo_yd, Geo. Payne, S.
G. Rodeck, Harry H. Smith, C. H. Whitman,
H. E. Brandenberg, B. (J. Curry. Dr. C. M.
Cooper, William Coupland. E. A. Colby,
Frank Dunucan, C. E. Hanger.

Evergreen — J. P. Shaml)eau, chairman ; com-
mitteemen— Albert A. Anderson. Peter Ben-
nett, A. H. Burk, R. H. Beck, H. L. Coates,
W. L. Edwards, John A. Fair, L Cover, Fred
Hassler, Henry 1. Hart, M. J. Haley, John S.
Hensell, J. O. Flansen, Henry Krehe, W. A.
Kammerer, Clem A. Kettman, Frank H.
Kampfen, Theo. Klein, A. L. Leal, Fred May,
Fred Martin, N. Macher, L. Monferino, A. K.
McClay, August Nelson, F. W. Osterman,
Manuel Pereira, Wm. Provan, Francis Smith,
Michael Tierney, Fred Weld. E. B. Williams'

Gilroy — E. D. Crawford, chairman ; commit-
teemen—John Abincino, A. S. Pjaldwin. Dan
Burr, A. W. Cox, H. Carl, Pcrcv Dexter, C H
Emlen, W. G. Fitzgerald, H.'Hecker. H. S.
Hersman, Chas. Lester, Tracv Learned, A. A.
Martin. R. M. Martin, Fay McOuilkin,' H. E.
Roliinson, Wm. Sawyer, G. A. Wentz.

Los Gatos— J. D. Farwell, chairman ; | A
Case, J. W. Crider, L. E. Johns. H. L. ijoyd
Ed Howes, J. C. Walker, C. F. }lainsher, Z. s'
Riggo, C. H. Squire, Dr. H. E. Smith, J. B.
Stewart.

Morgan Hill — C. F. Drcwrv, chairman; |ohn
Acton. W^m. PL Adams. J.'C. Ahern, Robt.
Britton, ]i. Bosqui, Chas. P,eck. D. H. Bechis,
Luther Cunningham, F. V. Edwards, E. F.

HISTORY Ol' SANTA CI,AKA CoUiNTV

193

Eastman, R. H. L'atcholl, Irwin ]•.. I'a\ne, II.
A. I'epen, C. 1'. Simpson.

Burnett — L'cter Ra^oio, chairman; I'. II.
Kirby. P. A. Walsh, K.' I,. Norton.

Encinal — Frank Ste\cns, chairman; H. A.
Peppin, Burt Ste\ ens. Peter Ramelli.

Llag-as — T. A. Hester, chairman; \V. H.
Adams, Harry Wright, C. I'. Simpson.

Maehado — R. K. Patehell, chairman; Rob-
ert Britton, D. \\. Strickenl)erg.

San Martin — R. S. Robinson, chairman;
Chas. Beck, H. Robinson, M. T. Gwiiin.

Uvas — Giles Bradley, chairman; lien Bos-
qui, Ed Eastman.

jNlilpitas — E. P. Giacomazzi, chairman ; G.
A. Abell, Lawrena Barker, A. L,. Crabb, Law-
rence Hansen, Dr. R. j. Smith, A. M. Silva, Jr.

Mountain \'ie\v — \V. L. Camp, chairman ;
Dr. C. E. Adams. F. B. Abbott. W. E. Bubb.
A. M. Crittenden. Geo. Chickonch, C. H.
Clark, H. G. Childs, H. G. Copeland, E. Drake,
T. 1. Evans, Edwin Earl, Hans Ehlers, M.
Farrell, Chas. A. Gray, Fred P. Hauck. \V. E.
Hyde. B. W. HoUman, Barney J0I3. A. Jurian.
Frank Jackson, W. N. Jess. P. Klem! J. E.
Johnson, Jas. Logue, Chas. N. Lake. V. Alar-
cov, J. S. Mockb'ee. Chas. E. Marcum. P. D.
Newman, F. S. C)liver, Geo. S. Parkinson, j\.
S. Robinson, H, A. Rengstroff, P. Al. Smith,
Geo. Swall, Gu}- Shoup, J. J. Taylor. L. H.
Watson. O. A\'. AX'haley, R. (J. Winnegar,
S. A. Winnegar, Chas. W. A\'right. W'm. P.
Wright. R. H. Walker.

Berryessa — Harry Curr}-. chairman ; Albert
Foster, Floyd Lundy. W. E. Aloore, Joe Rod-
rigues, J. A\'. Smith.

Eagle — L. E. Graham, chairman; C. A. Bur-
chers, James T. ]\lurph}-, John P. \'ennum.

( )rchard — J. J. (J'P>rien, chairman; W. B.
Clark, Frank A. Leis, Richard McCarth}-.

Alt. Hamilton — Dr. W'm. W. Campbell,
chairman; Dr. R. C. Aitken. Air. Beach, R. H.
Tucker, J. Ploover. Dr. J. II. Aloore, E. H.
Robinson, Lester Hubbard, Paul (icrber, F.
Knobloch.

Palo Alto — G. R. I'arkinson, chairman ; B. G.
Allen, W'. H. Adams, J. R. Andrus, L. E. Bas-
sett, Jas. Basye, A\'. J. Biehl. L. S. Bean. Ira G.
Betts". J. H. Borden. 'AI. A. I'.uchan. L. L. Bur-
lingame. J. D. By.xliee. Jr.. Geo. F. Brown,
Geo. J. Carey, Ed Cashel, A. Al. Cathcart. C.
E. Childs, A. B. Clark, B. W. Crandall, H. F.
Congdon, C. P. Cooley, W, A. Cooper, D. C.
Craig, William Transton, [. L. Dixon, |. Dud-
field, L J. Dollmgo, Rev. David Evans, O. M.
Easterday, Chas. Ellett, Alfred Englc, J. F.
Farrell, R. S. Faxson, Airs. I'red Fo\\der. Airs.
Alarion H. Fowler, James Frazer, Dr. D. Chas.
Gardner, C. H. Gilbert, Rev. |. Al. Gleason, J.
E. Greene. R. L. Green, N. W. Gleaser, F. W^
Heckett, V. V. Harrier, Theo. J. Hoover, T.

Hopkins, Rev. Walter Hays, \\. :\. Hettinger,
J. I{. Ilcsston, C. A. Huston, W. ( ). llorabin,
A. Al. Hackett, |. |urv, Iv K. Kasson, W. H.
Kelly, Aliss Alary \. Lockey. Kee Leung. ]'. AI,
Eansdale, Egerlon Lakin. (. B. Larkin. (j.
Laumeisler, George Lillie, R. N. Alalone, Aliss
Aland Alanaton, C. D. Alarx, W. R. Alenden-
hall, G. E. Alercer, F. |. Al. Aides, f. P. Alit-
chell, W. E. Aliller, H."|. Aloule, A. L. Alurrv,

A. K. .Macoon, J. E. AIcDowell, W. H. Nichols,
Louis ( )lsen, E. T. Pennock. Prof. (j. F.
Pierce, Capt. S. Al. Parker, G. C. Price, W. W.
Price, J. F. Pryor, Robt. C. Ray, (). U. Rhodes,
Roger AI. Roberts, F, Schneider, A. Seale, PL
W. Simkins, J. R. Slonaker, N. B. Smith, J, O.
Snyder. W. E. Southwood, Mrs. Maud A. Strat-
ton, R. E. S\\ain E. C. Thoits. Ray Saylor. T.
Goshida. J. C. Thiele. AI. H. Tichnor. Monroe
Thomas. S. D. Townley, Louis Taylor. T.
Uchizono. S. Al. Vander\'oort. D. S. Watson.
R. J. Wells. Ray Lyman A\'ilbur. Geo. Wil-
liams. IL 1. Ir\-ing, Herbert A\'iIson, Chas.
AA'eeks, W. K. Woolerv, A. E. Worthy, R H
Wile>-.

Pala — Charles Turner, chairman ; ]. W. An-
derson, Edward I. Field, J. P. Lacerda, An-
drew Patton, J. F. Pyle.

Saratoga — Dr. L G. Hogg, chairman ; Rev.

B. Z. Bazata, L. C. Dick, S. P. Patterson, J. L.
Richards.

Sunnyvale — C. C. Spaulding, chairman ; F.
X. Boden, J. M. Brown, F. E. Cornell, Frank
Earry, F. B. Hughes, W. A. Larman, Rev. C
G. Alarshall, Rev. H. P Roberts, W. R. R.jb-
erts, C. W. Shepard, C. W. Spalding,' Leo, H.
Vishoot, J. H. Hendy, F. C. Wilson, J. C.
Sutherland, J. F. Holthouse, A. P. Freeman.

A'alley View — J. L. Mosher, chairman; Nel-
son Barton, Oscar Benson, Jerr)' Cannon, Fred
P. Hauck, Plarry Johnson, Jack Alayne.

Santa Clara — Dr. A. E. Osborne, chairman;
P. A. Brangier, Alfred L. Brown, A\'. T.
Brown, Jos. Boschken, Robert Fatjo, Chas.
Grimmer, P. Hayes, Geo. Hamilton, Ralph
Alartin, J. B. O'P'rien, I. A. Pomeroy, Geo, A.
Penniman, Robert Porter, Henr\- R. Roth,
Chas. D. South ,F. R. Shafter, A\'.' S. Sulli\an,
Dr. L. Stockton, F, A. Wilcox, B. F. Weston,
I. A, Wilcox.

Franklin — S. W. Pfeifle, chairman; John
Barry, F. H. Buck, J. Jepson, Fred G. Wool.

Oak Grove — (J. Christofer, chairman ; C. W.
Aby, Chas. Frost, Jr., A. C. Robertson, J. H.
Swickard.

Santa Clara County sent to the front nearly
3000 soldiers. Following are the names of our
men ^\d^o made the supreme sacrifice:

Elias Ananstasion. Joseph E. Andrade, Har-
vey C. Barnes, Joseph Basseile, Robert J. Ben-
nett, Barnard M. Bustard, Antonio Camastro,
Joseph L. Cancilla, Louis \\ Castro, Hugh L.

194 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Carney, Harrisdn J. Cleaver, Charles C. Crews. Nichols, Frank H. Nichols, Frank J. Nunes,
Arthnr C. Chiles, Charles C. Cook, William Mervin Neugrass, Charles H. Pappassi, An-
Couch, AA'illiani F. Co\ill, Thomas J. Clnnie, tone Parades, Joe Prader, John E. Pashote,
A\'illiam M. de la Rochelle. Frank "Devoney. Albert G. Perkins, Manuel" O. Perry, A. E.
John J. Dorsey, Rolibecole Disappa, Ray F. Preston, John F. Pereira, Paul J. Pinnola, An-
Dugdale, Norman Dunbar. Elmer IT. Flagg, gelo R. Pinto, John Pourroy, John Regan, Ern-
Elmer L. Fresher, James G. Ferguson, Hiram est R, Rines, Leon Rolx'rts, Joseph L. Rose,
B. Fisher, Ben Garcia. Tonev P. Gomes. Lome Alanuel R. Rose. J. S. Rumsey, Seeley T.
A. (70t)de, Wilmer J. Gross, Fred A. Hall, Carl Shaw, Fredrick E. Sanders, Elvyn B. Sedam,
J. Hagel, Frank ]. Hagen, Jr., Walter Hart- Gilbert Spencer, Harry N. vSchneider, Law-
man, A\'alter A. Hilden, ]\Ier\ vn J. Hoadlev, rence \A'. Schrier, Ira M. Smith, Anton Sigurd,
Maltria Huge1)ack, jarvis J. Johnson, Iose]ih Sidnev W. Simpson, Thomas Short, John G.
F. Kelly, Arthur C. Kimlier. Ralph V. heg- Sturlo, Joseph V. Spingola, Verne I. Taylor,
gctt, AA'alter Logan, Leo T. r^lcCanlev. Maurice John L. Timosci. I^'rank B. Tost, Nick J, Vac-
F. ^lanha, Lester J. Mclvinley, David E. Mc- carello, IManuel J. Vargas, John J. Voss, Clark
Comel, Bruno Montorosso, Frank J. Murrin, B. AA^aterhouse, Harold \A'oolf, .Mbert F.
Sahatore Muro, Daniel J. Narvies. Allan H. Wooley, h'arl C. ^'oung.

CHAPTER XVIII.

History of the Lick Observatory on the Summit of Mt. Hamilton — The
Eccentricities of James Lick, the Philanthropist — What He Did for
San Jose.

The greatest \\(irk nf man in vSanta Clara Coast Range is seen as the last climb up is
County and San Jose's greatest asset is the made. The road winds in and out through
Lick 6bser\-atory on the summit of Mt. Ham- shad}- nooks, around liold promontories and
ilton, which is provided with the liest and most up and up, often doubling upon itself, while the
complete astronomical a])pliances in the ^\'orld. higher (tne climbs, the grander the majestic
The distance from San Jose to the summit of panorama of mountains and \'alleys that
the mountain is twenty-se\'en miles, Init in an s])reads out on e\-ery hand, and soon tile great
air line it is much shr.rter. so that if one stands \'alle>- of Santa Clara, with San Jose 1)ut a
in the streets of the cit^• anrl Icioks at the Coast sliady spot, pee])s oNcr the two intervening-
Range mountains he wlW see, a little south of ridges. The crookedness of the road may be
east, the great \\diite dome glittering in the imagined from the fact that tliere are ,i65 turns
sunshine and looking benignly on the ^■alle^'. between the base at Smith Creek and the ob-
The drive to the summit is entrancing. The serxatory on the summit.

visitor motors out on Santa Clara Street and The Lick Olxservatory was the donation to

across Coyote Creek enters Alum Rock the LIniversity of California by James Lick.

Avenue, a continuation of Santa Clara Street, ^\■ho became immensely \\'ealthy through min-

and the broad, fine highway to the baths, min- ing and real estate \-entures. The ]irominence

eral springs and scenic ])eauties of the City \\hich he achieved by his princely gift to sci-

Reservation. -\ little over three miles from encc caused people from all o\-er the county to

San Jose the visitor turns to the right and be- recall incidents of his life, and these have been

gins to ascend the first ridge of mountains, .gathered and wt)ven into a connected narrative.

The road is winding, but broad and safe, and w hich is herewith ]iresented.

the grade is eas)-. The beautiful valley, A\dth James Lick was b(jrn in Fredericksburg, Pa.,

San Jose in the center, spreads out before him. August 25, 1796. His ancestors were of Ger-

He passes f)\-er tliis ridge and plunges into man extraction and spelled the famih- name
Hall's Vallc}' ; crossing udiich, \\-ith its lo\-ely "Liik." His gran<lfatlier had come to .'Vmerica
homes and ranches, he begins to ascend another earh- in the centur\- and had ser\ed in the
ridge. This is soon crossed and the ^•^sitor army of Washington during the Revolutionary
descends again into a little valley through AVar. Nothing is known of the life of Lame's
which runs Smith Creek, a fa\-(jrite trout Lick until he arri\ed at the age of twenty-
stream. Here he finds a large hotel and garage, seven and entered himself as an apprentice to
and before him looms Mt. Hamilton, seven an (jrgan maker at Hanover, Pa. He worked
miles up the hill. The beautiful scenery of the here for a short time and in 1819 took a posi-

H1S'1^)RV ( »K SANTA CLARA CoUNTV

195

tion in the em|)l(iy of juseph Hiskey, a ])rom-
inent piann inamilacturfr of Haltii'nore, Md.
An incident of his experience there has l)een
recalled.

One day a penniless youth named Conrad
Meyer applied at the factory for employment.
He attracted the fanc}' of James Rick, who
took the stranger in charge, provided him with
food and proper clothing and secured for him
a place in the estahlishment. The friendsliip
thus formed lasted through life. In 1854 the
])ianos of Conrad Meyer ti)ok first prize in the
London International Exhibition, their maker
possessing an immense factor}- in Philadeliihia
and ranking as one of the most eminent piano
makers in the United States.

in 1820 James Lick left the employ of His-
key and went to New York, expecting to start
in Inisiness on his own account. This Acnture
was restricted l)y his lack of capital, and, if
attempted at all, was brief, for in the following
year he left the United States for Buenos
Ayres, South America, with the intention of
devoting himself there to his trade. He found
the Buenos A^reans of tliat periled a singularlv
handsome and reiined race of almost purely
Spanish extraction, and attaining by their mode
of life in that fine climate a remarkable ph\-s-
ical development. B_\- careful attention to Inisi-
ness he prospered among them, accumulating a
competence during the first ten years of his
stay. "In 1832," writes his friend, Conrad
Meyer, m the Philadelphia Bulletin, "I was in
business on Fifth Street, when I was suddenly
surprised one day at seeing James Lick walk
in. He had just arrived from South America
and had brought with him hides and nutria
skins to the amount of $40,000, which he was
then disposing of. Nutria skins are obtained
from a species c>f otter found along the River
La Plata. He said that he intended settling
in Philadelphia, but in a few days left for New
York, and from there sailed to Buenos Ayres.
There he filled several piano orders, settled his
afifairs and sailed for Valparaiso, Chile, \vhere
for four years he pursued his vocation. His
next ^•enture was in Callao, L'eru, where he
li\ed for eleven years, occup}"ing himself in
manufacturing pianos and making occasional
investments in commercial enterprises. That
he was successful is shown in the statement
made by himself that in 1845 he was worth
$59,000.' Resolving to try California, he sold
his stock for $30,000. This mone}', wdiich was
in Spanish doubloons, he secured in a large
iron safe wdiich he l)rought with him to Cali-
fornia. Among the odd articles which James
Lick brought from Peru was the work-l)ench
he had used in his trade. It was not an elal:>-
orate affair and the object of its deportation to
■ California, the land of timber, hardly appears,
unless he had acquired an affection for this

comjianion of his daily lalxjrs. He retained
this bench tiirougli all his California experi-
ences."

\\r. Ij'ck ;irri\ed in San iM-ancisco late in
1847. ,\t that time there was httle to indi-
cate tile future prosperity of tlie Pacific Coast.
Cahfornia Street was its southern lioundary,
^ylllIe Sansome Street was on the water front.
Sand (hiiies stretched out to the h(jrizrm on
the south and east, an occasional shanty break-
ing the monotony of the landscape. Mr. Lick
quietly invested nnmey in these sand hills,
paying dollars for lots that ^vere not consid-
ered 1>)- the inhabitants to be ^vorth cents. He
came to Santa Clara Count}- at an early day
and purchased the property north of San Jose,
on the Guadalupe, wdiich Avas afterwards
known as the Lick's Mills property. He also
bought the tract of land just inside the present
southern cit}- limits wdiich was afterwards
named the Lick Homestead. All these lands
were then vacant and unimproved.

During seven years after his arri\al in Cali-
fornia ^Ir. Lick did no business other than
the inxestment of his money. The first im-
proNcment cjf his property \\'as made on the
Lick Mill Tract. An old flour mill had stood
niKiii the propert}- \vhen he bought it in 1852,
and this fact ma}- lia\e influenced him in his
decision to build his own mill on the site of
the old one. In 1853 he began to la}' plans
and gather material for the construction. In
1855 the work started and to those wdio saw
the structure rise, it was the wonder of the
time. The wood composing the interior finish
was of the finest mahogany, finished and inlaid
in the most elegant and expensive st^de. The
machiner}- imported for the works ^\-as of a
qualit}' ne\-er before sent out to the Pacific
Coast. The entire cost of the mill was $200,-
000. AAdien put in operation it turned out the
finest brand of flour in the state.

There is a romantic legend ])reser\-ed in the
memory of the old acquaintances of fames
Lick wdiich explains the origin of this mill.
The tale runs that \vhen Lick was a boy he
was apprenticed to a miller, wdio. besides be-
ing ])ossessed of a competency and a flourish-
ing business, had also an exceedingly ])rettv
daughter. Strange as the assertion ma}- seem
to those who were accpiainted onlv w-ith the
unlovely old age of this strange character,
James Lick was a coniel}- }-oung man, and
upon him the miller's daughter cast approving
eyes. Lick met her more than half wa}- and a
warm attachment sjirang up between the ap-
jirentice and the heiress. The old miller, how-
ever, soon saw the drift of matters and inter-
posed his parental authorit}- to break the
course of true lo\"e. Young Lick declared he
loved the girl and wished to marrv her. There-
upon the miller became indignant and, point-

196 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

\ng to his mill, exclaimed: "Out, j'ou heg-.g-ar ! space had not Lick sold the Post Street corner

Dare you cast your eyes upon my daugfliter, to the Masons. At the time of its construction

who will inherit my riches? Have you a mill the hotel was the finest on the Pacific Coast,

like this? Have you a single penny in your Its interior finish was, in the main, designed

purse?" To this tirade Lick replied that he by Lick himself, who took special pride in the

had nothmo; as yet, but one day he would have selection of fine materials and in their combi-

a mill beside which this one would be a pigsty, nation in artistic and eft'ective forms. The

Lick at once departed and after a time drifted dining^ room floor was a marvel of beautiful

to California, seeking the fortune he deter- woodwork, made (jut of many thousand pieces

mined to possess, a determination that never and all polished like a table,

afterwards for a moment left him. Nor did That part of the history of James Lick which

he forget his last words to the miller. When ligg between the years 1861 and 1873 is full of

he was a rich man he built this mill, and when interest to those who desire to form a correct

he had finished there had been nothing left un- estimate of the man. The course of affairs

done which could have added to the ])erfection h^d amply justified his early judgment of the

of Its appointments. Its machinery was per- f^,ture values of California rearestate. His

feet and its walls, floors anrl ceilings were of sand-hill lots, bought for a song^ in 1848, grew

costly woods. Not being able to firing the

to be golden islands of wealth in the rising

miller to view the realization of his boyish streams of California trade. The inyestments

declaration. Lick had the mill photographed jn Santa Clara County all yielded rich returns,

within and without, and although his sweet- By the very bulldog tenacity with which he

heart had long since been married, he sent her hung to his transactions, he became during the

father the pictures and recalled to him the day ■60s one of the wealthiest men on the Pacific

he boasted of his Pennsylvania mill. Coast. His reputation, too, was state-wide.

Although the mahogany mill gratified Lick's made so not only by his wealth but also by the

pride in its construction and in the brand of rumor of his eccentricities.

his product, it was not a financial success. The ^ -^ ..g^^ probable that the advancing age of

periodical floods of the Guadalupe River m- j.^^.,^^ lj^,]^ ^^^,^^^1 ^,p,„., ^jg nature in develop-

undated the land about it, destroyed his orch- j^g „.,(,, ^^.^-^^.^ eccentricities the natural pecu-

ards and roads and interfered with the opera- Harities of his disposition. Most of the pio-

tion of the mill. neers who remember him during ithe first

In the year 1873 he surprised everybody by decade of his California career, describe him

the gift of the whole property to the Thomas as a close, careful, self-contained man, cold and

Paine Memorial Association of IJoston. For somewhat crabbed of dispositum, going his

some years he had been a close student and ,,^y^j lonely way in business and in life. Those

great admirer of the writings of Paine, and he ^vho knew him between 1861 and 1873 inten-

took this means of proving the faith that was m ^jfy t^j.^^, characteristics and declare him to

him. On January 16, 1873, he made a formal ^ayg been miserly, irascible, selfish, solitary;

transfer of the property to certain named trus- ,,„£ ^y]^,-, cherished little affection for his race

tees of the association, imi.osing upon them ^„- i^-,„_ ^nd whose chief delight appeared to lie

the trust h, sell the property and donate one- jn the indulgence of the whims of a thorny

half of the proceeds to the building of a me- ^nd unfragrant old age. Others who knew

morial hall m Boston, and so invest the other ^m, ^^y that beneath "the ice of his outward

half that a lecture course could be maintained nature flowed the warm currents of a philan-

out of the income. The association sent an thropic heart.

ag"ent to California to look over the acquisi- 'pi,„ + ■ c t ■ ^ ■ ^ ■

:=■ ., .11 -.1 ■, AwA . J "e stones of Lick s eccentric career are

tion, with po\ver to deal witli it. Without „ , ,. „ i • nr t xi ■ .■ r*

', . ' , • 1 ,1 , , , ,1 numerous and amusing. Most of his time after

consulting Air. l^ick, the agent sold the i)rop- .i,„ , ,„ i <-• t i ■ i ^ i . • i

r t .,N,orw,^ 4 '? ■ 1 1- 1 t'le Completion ot his hotel was spent in and

ertv for about il8, UUU, at which proceeding the ^i ,,. o' t \<. t; <- i r i i-

, • 1- ,1 4i i 1 1 . r. • aljout San Jose. At first he lived upon his

donor was scj disgusted that lie lost all interest ,„:ii ,, „ / ^ ■, : i i ^

, , 4 r ,1 4i • 1- ,1 r "ii" property, and uijon it he began early to

m the ad\-ancement ot the tlieones ot the fa- ,^. ,,, , ' .■ ■ i ■ i i ..i r I- -i

. ^, , set out trees ot various kinds, both tor trnit

mous 1 .e . ^j^jI ,,rnament. He held some curious theories

The next scheme of improvement to which about tree-])lanting and believed in the eft^cacy

Lick turned his attention was the erection of ,,f a bone deposit about the roots of everV

the Lick Hotel m San Francisco. He had young tree. Many are the yarns told bv old

bought the property for an ounce of gold dust residents about his action. It was a frequent

.soon after his arrival m California, and until sight to see him going along the highway in

1861 it had lain idle and unimproved. The lot an old rattle-trap, rope-tied wagon, with a

originally extended the entire length of the bearskin robe for a seat cushion, stopjiing

block on Montgomery Street from Sutter to every now and then to gather in the l.tones of

Post, and the hotel would ha\e covered this Some dead animal. There is a storv extant,

lllSTdin' ()1' SANTA CLARA t'OL^NTN' 197

and pruhahly well fdumlcd. \\liicli illuslratcs which he [Kissessed. For nian\- \eai-s preced-

the odd means he employed Id seenre hired ini;- the lie(piest he had been a wide reader. Me

hel]> at (ince trnstworthy and dl.edient. ( )ne studied ever)liiino- written In' and df Thdinas

day while he was planting- his .irehard a man I'aine and made his own ^vdrks cdnform t(i

applied td him for work, l.ick directed Inni I'aine's opinions. It is related that while he

ti. take the trees he indicated to a certain part was eni;-a,i;-ed m the imprdvenient n\ the hick

of the i;-roimds and there to ])lant them with 1 loniestead jiroperty he hecame involved in an

the tdps ill the soil and the rdots in the air. ar.o-unient ^\■ith the late Adoljih 1 Mister, win.

The man oheyed the directions to the letter served several terms as iiiavor of the citv, o\'er

and reported in the evenino- for further orders. some reli,i,nous suhject, when Plister sugi^ested

Lick went out, xiewed the work with aiijiarent that Lick put td practical proof the merits of

satisfaction, and then ordered the man to plant I'aineism as ccmtrasted \\-ith other moral agen-

the trees the ])ro]-)er wa}-, and thereafter to cies, hy the erection of a grand college on his

continue m his employ. ])roper'ty for the educatid'n of y(-iung men in

.Another story, similar to this, is handed the Paine doctrine. Lick was impressed ^\'ith

down and is entireh' authentic. Lick at one the idea and it is not imprtihahle that it found

time A\"as the owner of what is now- the Iviiox form in the gift of the mill ])rdperty to the

block, on the northwest corner of h'irst and 1 'aine .Vssociation of l)ost(jn.

Santa Clara streets. A hre having destroyed ( )n February 13, 1873, Lick executed two

the btiildings, much deln-is df burnt and broken gift deeds, one to the California Academy of

brick was scattered alxiut the lot. ( )ne da\- Science, the other to the Sdciety rif California

while Lick was viewing the ruins a young l'i(-)neers. To the first named he granted a

man applied to him for work and was in- lot of forty feet frontage on Market Street,

structed to collect a certain quantity of bricks near L'ourth, San Francisco, and to the last

and pile them neatly in a Corner. This he did, named a lot of like dimensions on Fourth

and on reporting was told to take the same Street near .Market. 'Lhese gifts he clogged

bricks back and pile them neatly in another with certain conditions which were deemed

corner. AA'ithout protest the Vdung man exe- irksome b}- the trustees. The matter was at

cuted this singular order, and was at once reg- issue ^\d^en Lick died, but after his death a

ularly employed. compromise satisfactorv tij the donees was

AMien Lick found that the floods interfered effected.

^vith the impro^'ement of his mill projierty, he The trust deed 1>\' v\dn'ch Lick ga\-e all his

transferred his operations to the tract of land remaining propertv- to charitaljle and educa-

south of San Jose, for a long time known as tional objects was dated June 2, 1874. Among

the Lick Homestead Addition. I'resentlv the the pro\isions of this instrimient was one giv-

residents of San Jose witnessed a strange spec- ing to San Jose $23,000 for the purpose of es-

tacle. Day after day long trains of carts anrl taldishing an orphan asyhnn, and another ap-

wagons passed slowdy through the cit\-, carr^'- ])ropriating $700,000 for establishing an ob-

ing tall trees and full-grown shrubberv from servatory on land belonging to L^ick, near Lake

the cdd to the new location. \\'inter and sum- Tahoe. An investigation of the appropriate-

mer alike the work went on, the old man su- ness of the site Avas at once set on foot. It

perintending it all in his old rattle-trap w^agon was soon ascertained that the severity of the

anrl bearskin robe. He imported from Aus- climate in winter about the chosen location

tralia some rare trees and had brought with would seriously interfere with the effective op-

them wh(de shiploads of their nati\e earth, erations of the telescopes and with the com-

C)nce he conceived the idea of building con- fort of the visiting pul)lic. Lick then deter-

ser\-atories superior tci any on the Coast, and mined to make a change of site and looked

for that purpose he had imported from England fa\-orably toward Mt. St. Helena, in Napa

the materials for two large conser\atories after Count}-. He visited St. Helena and ascended

the model of those in Kew Gardens, London, part ^va^■ to its summit, but before he had pur-

His death occurred before he could have these sued his investigations far enough to reach a

constructed and they remained on the hands conclusion his mind was directed to Santa

of his trustees until a body of San Francisco Clara Count}'.

gentlemen contributed funds for their jnirchase Although out of the large amount of prop-
and donation to the use of the public in Golden erty distributed bv Lick, San Lise received but
Gate Park, wdiere in full construction they now ,$25,000, the people of the city'were very grate-
stand, to the wonder and delight of all who ful and acknowledged their gratitude in a well-
visit this beautiful resort. worded series of resolutions prepared by Judge

It was in the year 187,^, when James Lick Eelden and adopted by the mayor and common
was seventv-seven years cdd. that he ])egan to council. The resolutions were beautifully en-
make those donations of the then vast estate graved and officialh' transmitted to Mr. Lick

198

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

in San Francisco. Other recipients of the mil-
honaire's benefactions had either responded
coldly or had made no response at all. There-
fore the action of San Jose greatly pleased
Lick and caused him to think that he had not
done as much as he should for the county that
had long been his home. The resolutions
reached him at a time when he was in d()ul)t
as to the location of the observatory, and he
consulted his confidential agent, Thomas E.
Fraser, as to the availability of the mountain
summits east and west of San Jose. Fraser
referred Lick to Alt. Hamilton "and was in-
structed to ascend the mountain's top and
make thorough investigations. In ; August,
1875, Fraser, accompanied l:>y Mayor B. D.
ATurphy, went to the summit, found it free
from fog, ef|uable of climate and generally
suitable for the oljservatory's location. Mr.
I^ick then addressed a communication to the
board of supervisors offering to locate the ob-
ser\atory on Mt. Hamilton if the county would
construct a road to the summit. The facts con-
cerning the building of the road will be found
in the chapter on County (nivernment and
(x>od Roads.

In the meantime. Lick had found that his
deed of trust did not express his intentions;
tliat a strict construction of its terms would
postpone the carrjang into effect of his bene-
factions until after his death. He wanted the
^vork U) he pushed for\\-ard during his life-
time. After duly considering these matters, he
addressed a communication to his trustees, set-
ting forth his conclusions and intentions, re-
\oking the deed and asking them to resign.
The trustees consulted a lawyer and upon his
advice declined to resign, for the alleged rea-
son that they had already cnn\ erted about a
million dollars of the real estate into monev
and could not be relie\'ed from respijusiliility
l)y the dictum of Mr. Lick. This lirought
aliout a C()ntro\■crs^■ "with the trustees wdiich
at first threatened disaster to the I)eneficiaries.
)ohn B. Felton was Lick's att(jrne\', and in-
stead of precipitating his client into a lawsuit
he used the c(jlumns of the newspapers so vig-
orously that the trustees became disgusted and
made up an agreed case by which the courts
relieved them of res])onsil)ility and annulled the
deed.

On Seplem1)er 21, IH7S. a new and final deed
was executed, \\-ith Richard S. Floyd, Iiernard
D. Murphy, Foxan D. Atherton, John H. Lick
and John Nightingale as trustees. The clause
in the deed in reference to tlie observatory is
as follows :

"Tliird — To expend the sum of seven hun-
dred thousand dollars ($700,000) for the pur-
pose of purchasing land and constructing and
jnitting upon such land as shall Ije designated

by the party of the first part, a powerful tele-
scope, superior to and more powerful than any
telescope yet made, with all the machinery ap-
pertaining thereto and appropriately connected
therewith, or that is necessary and convenient
to the most powerful telescope now in use, or
suited to one more powerful than any yet con-
structed ; and also a suitable observatory con-
nected therewith. The parties of the second
part hereto, and their successors shall, as soon
as said telescope and o1xser\'atory are con-
structed, convey the land wdiereupon the same
may be situated, and the telescope and ob-
servatory and all the machinery and apparatus
c(mnected therewith to tjie corporation known
as 'The Regents of the University of Cali-
fornia"; and if, after the construction of said
telescope and observatory, there shall remain
of said seven hundred thousand dollars in gold
coin any surplus, the said parties of the sec-
ond part shall turn over such surplus to said
corporation, to be invested l)y it in bonds of
the United States, or of the city and county
of San Francisco, or other good and safe in-
terest-bearing lionds, and the income thereof
shall be devoted to the maintenance of said
telescope and the observator}- connected
therewith, and shall he made useful in promot-
ing science; and the said telescope and ob-
ser\atory are to be known as 'The Lick Astro-
nomical Department of the University of Cal-
ifornia.' "

In making the new deed Lick selected Mt.
Hamilton as the site for the oljservatory, and
the trustees, acting with the Regents of the
v^tate University, secured an Act of Congress
setting apart the public land at the summit for
this purpose. This tract contains 500 acres
and is so situated as to prevent settlement in
tlie immediate vicinity of the observator)-, or
the inauguratidu of any enterprise in that
neighl")orhood that \\(iuld Ije inimical to the in-
terests of the institution.

John B. Felton charged $100,000 for his legal
services in annulling the first deed, and ])re-
sented the bill to the new trustees. They re-
fused to allow the claim until Lick \\'ould sign
a written authorization. Felton and Trustee
.Mur|)hy called on Lick and asked him to sign.
"Air. Felton," said the old philanthropist,
"w hen we made a C(mtract on which that claim
is leased, we supposed that to cancel my first
trust deed would l)e an arduous matter, in-
Mihing much expense, a long delay and years
of the most elaborate and expensive litigation.
The whole entanglement, however, was ad-
justed in a few months without any difficulty,
with little outlay and with only a formal liti-
gation. 1 think, under the changed circum-
stances, you ought to diminish the amount of
vour fee."

HlSToin' OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

199

"Your proposition, Mr. Lick," replied Feltoii,
"reminds me of a story 1 once heard about a
countryman who had a had toothache and
went to a rustic dentist to ha\e the offender
extracted. 'IMie tlentist protlnced a rusty set
of instruments, seated the patient in a ricketv
chair and went at work. After some hours of
hard labor for himself, and the most extreme
agon}- to the ci_iuntryman, the to(.)th was ex-
tracted and the dentist charged a dollar i^>v
his work. A few months later the countryman
had another attack of toothache and this tune
thought best to procure a metropolitan dentist.
He went to the city, found the best dentist in
it and oiTered his swollen jaw for operation.
The expert dentist passed his hand soothingly
o\er the man's face, located the tooth with
painless delicacy, produced a splendid set of
instruments, and before the countryman knew
it, had the tooth out. His charge \\as five dol-
lars. 'Fi\'e dollars!' exclaimed the country-
man. 'When Jones, down at the. village, pulled
my last tooth it took three hours, during which
time he broke his chair, broke my jaw, broke
his tools and mopped the whole Hour with me
several times, and he charged me onlv a dollar.
You ought to diminish your bill.' " Lick saw
the point, signed the anthorizatinn and Felton
got his money.

In 1876 Lick had trouble with his trustees.
One of the duties Lick wished first performed
was the erection of his family monument in
Fredericksburg, Pa. During the arrangement
for this work the causes for the retirement of
the second board of trustees arose. (Jne of the
members of the board was John H. Lick. Al-
though James Lick had ne\'er been married,
John H. was his son. He was born in Penn-
sylvania in 1818, about the time James Lick
made a hurried departure to New York, thence
to South America. Some years after Lick
came to California he sent for his son, then
grown to manhood, and kept him for se\'eral
years at work in the mahogan}- mill. Plere
John H. remained until August, 1871, when he
returned to his Pennsyh'ania home. A\'hen
James Lick made his first deed of trust he di-
rected the pa}'ment to his S(jn of $3,000. With
this pittance John H. was naturally dissatisfied,
and therefore in the second deed he \vas gi\ en
the sum of $150,000 and made one of the trus-
tees. To him, as trustee, was delegated the
power to contract for the Frederickslnirg mon-
ument, but for some reason he failed or refused
to sign the contract. When this fact was made
known to James Lick he became \'ery much
incensed against his son, and in the weakness
of old age he included the \vhoIe board in his
ill-humor and suddenly demanded the resigna-
tion of the whole body. The trustees were
acquiescent and a new board was appointed.

l^'aptain F^h^yd, ha\ing been in Europe during
this last trouljle, was not included in the old
man's wrath, and therefore was made a mem-
ber ot the new board.

James Lick died October 1, 1876, before the
new board had fully organized. He was eighty
years of age. His body la^^ in state in I'icmeer
Hall, v^an Francisco, and was followed by an
immense concourse to I^one Mountain Ceme-
ter}-, there to rest until a more fitting burial
place might lie ready for its recepti(jn. Some
months before his death, in a conversation with
the late B. D. Murphy of San Jose, Lick ex-
pressed the desire to lie l.)uried (jn Mt. Hamil-
ton, either within or at one side of the pro-
loosed observator}', after the manner of Sir
Christopher W'ren, the architect of St. Paul's
Cathedral, who was buried in the crypt in 1723.

Immediately after the death of his father,
John H. Lick returned from the East and se-
cured letters of administration upon the estate.
This was understood to be the beginning of
an attempt to annul the trust deed. ;Vfter
testing se\eral points in the courts, the trus-
tees finally eft'ected a compromise by which
the}' were to i)a}- John H. Lick $535,000 in full
of all claims against the estate. The Society
of Pioneers and the Academy of Science had
been made residuary le.gatees b}- the deed and
their trustees insisted that this payment to
John H. Lick should be made pro rata from
each of the bequests. After nearly a year of lit-
igation the courts decided that the special be-
(|uests could not be disturbed and that the com-
|)romise money must come from the shares of
the residuary legatees.

As socm as possible after the completion of
the road to the summit, \york on the buildings
\\'as commenced. Early in 1887 the work had
progressed sufficiently to permit the recpiest
of James Lick in regard to a burial place to be
complied with, and on the ninth uf lanuarv
the body was brought to San Jose, whence,
fnlhAved b}- a procession of officials and citi-
zens, it was conve}'ed to the mcjuntain. A
tomb had been prepared in the foundation of
tlie pier wdiich was to support the great tele-
scope, and in this, with imposing ceremonies,
the coffin was deposited. The following docu-
ment, signed by the trustees and representa-
ti\'es of the State L'ni\-ersit}-, Acadeni}- of Sci-
ence, and Pioneers, and the ^Mayor of San lose,
was sealed up with the casket :

"This is the body of James Lick, who was
born in Fredericksburg, Penns}d\ania, August
25, 1796, and wdio died in San Francisco, Cali-
fornia, October 1, 1876.

"It has been identified by us, and in our
])resence has been sealed up and deposited in
this foundation pier of the great equatorial
telescope, this ninth of January, 1887.

200 HIST(.)RY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

"In the year 1875 he executed a deed of trust twelve-inch e(|uaturial telescopes; of detached

of his entire estate, b}- wdiich he provided for l)uildinL';s to shelter the Crossle}' reflector, the

the comfort and culture <it the citizens of Call- meridian cu'cle, and other instruments, and to

fornia; for the advancement of handcraft and ]iro\ide safe dejiosit rooms and photographic

redecraft among the youth of San Franciscu dark rooms; of instrument sho])s ; of dwelling

and of the state ; for the development of scien- houses; and of other buildings, reservoirs,

tilic research and the diftusion of knuwledge pumping stations, etc.

among men, and frir founding in the State of 'pJTc iirincipal c(|uii)ment i)r(jvided by the

California an astri)n(imical ol)ser\atiir}-, to sur- I^ick trustees consisted of: A 36dnch ecpia-

pass all others existing in the ^\-orld at this torial refractor, objective bv Ah-an Clark t\;

epoch. Sons, mounting liy AVarner & S^\'asey. This

"This observatory lias been erected l)v the instrument has also a photographic correcting

trustees of his estate and has been named The lens of thirty-three inches aperture, figured liy

Lick Astronomical Dejiartment (if the Univer- .\lvan G. Clark, liy idacing the latter lens in

sity of California in memory of the founder. front of the 36-inch objective, the telescf)pe be-

The refracting telescope is the largest which comes a photogra])hic instrument. A 12-inch

has ever lieen constructed, and the astronomers ecpiatorial refractor, objective anrl mounting by

^vho have tested it declare that, its perform- Alvan Clark & Sons. A ej/^-inch meridian cir-

ance surjjasses that of all other telescopes. cle instrument, objecti^■e by Ahan Clark iS:

"The two disks of glass for the objective '"^-'"s, mounting by Repsold. Afany smaller

were cast by M. Fell," of France, and were telescopes and other jneces of auxdiary appa-

brought to a true figure by Al\'an Clark & ratus.

Sons, of Massachusetts. Their diameter is ( )ther imfxirtant instruments were ])resented
thirty-six inches and their focal length is fifty- to the Lick Observatory in later years, as fol-
six feet, two inches. LTpon the completion of 1oa\-s : A 3654-inch reflecting telescope, ]"ire-
this structure the Regents of the University of sented to the I^ick Observatory in 18'^'5 by Ed-
California became the trustees of this Astro- ward Crosslev, Escp, of Halifax, England. The
nomical Observatory.'' mirror ^\■as constructed hx vSir Howard (.irubb.

The members of the third lioard of trustees and the mounting by Dr. A. A. Common. The

were Richard S. Floyd, president ; ^^■'illiam cost of a building to receive this instrument

Sherman, vice-president; E. B. Mastick, treas- and the expense of transporting the instrument

urer ; Charles M. Plum, C.eorge Schoenwald. and iron dome frrxm England were met by snb-

The contract for the great lens was made scriptions from prominent citizens of Califor-
with Alvan Clark & Sons, of Cambridge, Mass. nia. A 6'2-inch comet-seeker, objective by
In 1882 the flint glass was cast by M. Fed & John A. P>rashear, the gift of Miss Catharine
Sons, of Paris, but it was not until 1885 that a Bruce. A 6-incli photographic telescope, with
perfect crown glass could be obtained. The c-)bjecti\'e by Willard and mounting by John A.
Clarks succeeded in obtaining a true figure in Brashear, all the gift of Regent Charles F.
1886, and on Ihe 27th of 13ecend")er of that ^■ear Crocker. A 5-inch telescope, with interchange-
the gteat glass reached Mt. Tdamilton. The aide photographic and visual olijecti\e, by Al-
mounting of the instrument and other details van Clark & Sons, the gift of Miss Fl(.)yd,
of construction occupied eighteen months more daughter of Captain Flovd. The Mills three-
time, and in June, 1888, the whole A\'ork was prism spectrograph, the gift of D. O. Mills.
completed. The transfer of the obserx-ator}' Delicate seismogra[)hs, the gift of William
from the trustees to the reg'"ents of the uni\er- Randol])h Hearst.

sit}- took i)lace on June 1, 1888, being fourteen In order that the program of determining

years from the date of James Lick's first deed, the radial velocities ni the brighter stars might

The total expense of construction was $610,000. be extended over the entire sky, D. < ). Mills

A balance of $'-'0,000 remained as the nucleus provided funds in the vear 1000 for a well-

of an endowment fund. Profs. Simon New- ecpiipped ex])edition to the southern hemi-

comb and Edward S. 1 lolden were the scientific s])here. The equipment included a 37'/4-inch

advisers of the three boards. In 1885 Professor Cassegrain reflecting telescope, with modern

Holden was appointed president of the LTnixer- dome ; a three-prism spectrograph ; a two-]irism

sity of California anrl directfir of the Lick Ob- s]5ectrogra]ih ; a one-prism spectrograph; an

servatory <in the understanding that he would instrument sho]), and other accessories. The

fill the former riffice until the completion of D. O. Mills Observatorv, administered h\ the

the obser\'atory and thereafter the latter office. Director of the Lick ( )1)servator\', is located

The observatory consists of a main building on the stimmit of Cerro San Cristobal, at an

containing offices, comiiutiiii.'' I'ooms, library altitude of about 2900 feet abo\e sea-level, in

fof 8,000 bof)ks and 5,000 i)am|ihlets ), and the the northeasterly suburbs of v'^iantiago, Chile,

domes of the thirt}--six-inch equatorial and the This important ol)servatory was su]>ported by

HlSToRN' ()1'' SANTA Cl<.\l<\ 0( >! 'X'lA' 201

Mills until his dcalh in UUO, and tin- su|i])()rl l(iry ; thr tcacluT is siipiiliL-d 1)\' Santa Clara

has been continued 1i\' his son, ( Ji^den Mills. Coinit\-.

Many auxiliary instruments, such as sjieetro- The directors of the J^ick ( )hsei-\atorv lia\ e

graphs, seismoi^raphs, clocks, chrono_!:^-ra]ihs, keen: Ivlward Sinti'leton Holden, June 1, ISSS,

photometers, etc., ha\e keen jiurchaseil from to I )ecemker ,il, 1S97; James Ed\\'ard Keeler,

time to time. June 1, kS9.S t,, .\u.-ust ]'2, 1900: William Wal-

The mas;-nifvin,^- power of the S"i-eat telescoiie l^^i-'e Cami.liell, January 1, 1«01 to . Other

mav ke chano-ed' from akoul 270 to .^,000 k\' astronomers on the stall" ha\'e keen: S. W.

chang-ino- the eve-pieces, in \er\' much the same l-Uirnham, 1XXX-!8'J2: J. M. Schaeherle, IX.'-iS-

wav that the magnifying power of a microscope '■'^^X; ]. K. Keeler, 18,SS-1R91 : E. E. Barnard,

mav ke changed. 'The power emploved <le- 1 '^>"^'^- k^' b : A\'. W. Campkell, 1X91-: Henry

pends upon the okject under obser\ation and

Cre\v, lXQl-lX<-)2: R. H. Tucker, 1S93-: C. D.

upon the state of the atmosphere. Pernne, ]Xq,M9nQ; R. C. Aitken, 1S95-: VV. J.

\,, , . , , . ,, , '. , ,, • Hussev. kS')6-k)(i3: \V. H. Wright, 1X97- : H.

I he hei""nt ot the markle floor of tlie mam ,-^ ,< ' ■ i,„i) 'm i- , r • , ^

,.,,•; 11- I i,^o r , /, J'- k urtrs, VnjJ- [lie list ol assrstant astrr)n-

btiilding ahove mean sea-level is 4_0^' teet. < )n ■ii.tr / \ i r^ o t

, .^^ , , 1 , ,r -1 i ,1 . omers includes tne names ot .A. I,. (_olton, .

a closelv connected iieak halt a mile to the east tt m o i *■ \n i i i> i^ ^^r■]

, ^, - , ^ ' , ^r^ i i 1 • 1 kl. .Moore, Sekastian All)recht, K. E. Wilson,

ot the observator^•, and htt\' feet hnjiier, are i, i- o : ^

, . r - , . , - - , , , , K. r . Santord.

the reser^•olrs irom which \\-ater tor househohl ,, , -r i i -i i

and photographic purposes is distrikuted. -Mend.ers of the staff have keen detailed

Sprino-s on' the north and south slopes of the ^o take charge of the D. < ). ATills ( )ksc-^^-vatory

'7- , . -1 ., t iiU^nu- nt - m Chi e, as foows: W. k AVnght, 903-1906;

mountain, akout a mile east ot the (.)nser\ator\- ■ . in-^,- in^o r tt ivr 1000

1 1 ^ .-.^ r ^ 1 r^n r . .- 1 ' kt. n. Curtis, l^Oe-WO*^: [. H. Moore, 1909-

and about ,xiO teet and 60(1 teet, respectneh", ,,-11 ^ i> t- -v\--i 101 ^

, 1 ■, 1 11 i , \ li '1 191,1 : R. E. \\ ilson, I'M.v.

helo^^• it, su]iph- excellent \\'ater. Another peak

seven-eighths of a mile to the east is the sum- ^Z^'"-' •'^"entific staff has averaged: at Mount

mit of Mount Hamilton: it is 1X0 feet higher Hamilton, hve astronomers, one assistant as-

than the Okservatorv, and supports the reser- tronomer ami t^v,, a.ssistants : and m Chile,

voirs supplying power for raising the movakle ''" ^''«= V' foundation, one astron-

floor in the dome of the great telescope. This o'^^r and two assistants.

i he Regents maintain three salaried Uni-

system receives its su)i]5lv from the winter rains

falling on the roofs, the water keing pumped to ^'7":'^'|y fellowships in the Lick Okservatory,
the reservoirs on the higher peak. The mov- '"'^''f' are open to we 1-prepared graduate
„i,i„ n „ ■ , ii 1 - „„ ' , ii, ' e..-,^ i Ti,„ i-;„,i Students who have decided to make astron-

omy or some of the closely related sciences

akle floor in tke dome was the first of the kind

to ke constructed. It is 60 feet in diameter, , , . . ...

, , . , , , ^, , ,. the basis ot iirotessional careers,

and can be raised or lowered throu£?h a dis- ,r^ ivr 4.- t- n t^ n 1 • • .1 t ■ 1

. r irr/ r i -^ 1 • . 1 ■ Ike Martin Ivellogg kellowship m tke Lick

tance of 16^2 feet, its purpose kemg to krmg ,-,, . 1 r 1 i\t t ■ i-i' tt

,, , - . , . ■ . 1 r .1 ( )kser\-atory, endowed kv Mrs. Louise W. B.

the okserver ^yithin convenient reack of the
eye end of the telescope

Kellogg, widow of President Martin Kellogg,

provides opportunity to one holder each year

The Okservatory is open to daytime visitors f^^ advanced study and research under likeral

every day of the year, kut \'isitors are expect- conditions.

ed to leave the premises at or kefore sunset. m ra ■ i j-i r ■ 1 ru t 1 ,

m, ^^, ^- 0^1 J- ke etTlClenc^• ot the Lick Okservatory has

1 he Observatorv is open e\ery Saturday even- , ,, - , , „■;. ,■

' . , 1 ■ - 1 i Q ' been greatly increased ky generous gifts ot

ing to visitors wdio arrive kefore 9 p. m., op

funds for special purposes from Regent Phoeke

portunity kemg atf.irded <m clear nights to ^ Hearst. Regent Charles F. Crocker, Regent

loo.k through the 06-inch retractor and the 12- William H. Crocker, D. O. ^lills, Ogden Mills,

mch retractor usually. ^^^1 ^t^ers : and kv grants of funds from the

Visitors wdio come in the daytime are usual- Carnegie Institution of Washington, the Na-

ly conducted through the kuilding and have tionarAcademy of Sciences, and'the .American

the uses of the instruments explained to them. .Academy of .\rts and Sciences.

On Saturday evenings the scientific .staff is .^j^^ investigational work of the Okserva-

on pukhc duty. The annual nurnker ot visit- ^^j.^, ^^^^ keen^exceedingly fruitful. The great

ors to the Okservatory exceeds five thousand, telescope has surpassed the e.xpectations of

While the Okservatory has no financial inter-, ^j^.^^ ^^.^^ planned it: and its energetic use

est m the commg of visitors, yet no pains arc throughout the whole of everv good'^iight in

spared to make the time spent here interest- ^j.^^ quarter century of its existence has en-

ing and profitable to them. 1 here are no ho- ^.j^^i^^^i astronomical science in unexpected

tel accommodations at the summit. ,,.n,-c

The average population of Mount Hamil- 'fhe leading discoveries that have been made

ton during the past five years has keen fifty, emiirace the following : Eour satellites of Jupi-

There is a public school on the mountain: the ter : t^venty-nine comets: akout 4400 doukle

schoolhouse is the property of the Okserva- star systems: 250 spectroscopic kinary stars:

202 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUN'JA^

a ciimpanion sun to the first magnitude star. In the early days of Santa Clara County
Proryon: spectrographic ol)servations showing Mt. Hamilton was called La Sierra de Santa
that the sun with its system of planets is Vsabel. The name Ysabel applies now to
traveling through space, with reference to the the creek that rises to the east of Mt. Hamil-
general stellar s}"stem, at a speed of about ton and that passes along its northern and
twelve miles an hour; that the velocity of the western base and then makes its way north-
stars increase with their effective ages ; that Avard to the liay of San Francisco. At the
the planetary nelndae are traveling through confluence with Smith Creek, Ysabel Creek
space with average speeds even higher than ^hano-es its name to Arroyo Honda and still
the average speeds ot the stars; the North t\„.ti"er north Arroyo Honcia becomes Calavei-
Pole Star tound to be a riple star m 189^; ,^^ ^^_^^^ ^j^^ ^,^lj ^j^^^^ j^ ^^.^^-^^^^ Ysabel
an extensive series of photographs ot the ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ Hamilton, ,s
minor idanet, /ircf, and surrounding stars, with ,, , , -vr ,, m ^ ■
.1 r- 1 T_i ii 4- 114- I cal ed ^ sabel Valley. The mountain was
the Crossley Retlector, led to a new and accu- i-aiicu j_ai<ci y.

rate determination of the distance from the known as Santa Isabel down to l«bl or i«0-

earth to the sun. when Rev. Leander Hamilton, an able and elo-

The following total solar eclipses have been quent Presbyterian preacher, climbed the

successfully observed by expeditions wdiose ex- mountain as a member of a camping party.

penses were defraj'ed by the friends \vhose The striking lieauty of the scenery inspired

names are recorded: 1889, January, in north- his ready pen and he wrote a number of articles

ern California, by the L-niversity of Califor- describing the mountain and its surroundings

uia. 1S8'-', Decemljer, in French Guiana, by ^^hich after publication were extensively quot-

Regent Charles F. Crocker. 1893, in Chile, by ^^j rpj-^g ^ampino- party of which he had been

Regent Phoebe A. Hearst. 1898 ,n India, by ^ ,„g„,,^g,^ „^^t o"f compliment to him renamed

Regent Charles h. Crocker. 1900, m Georgia, „,„„„t,in Mt. Hamilt.,n and it soon be-

by William H. Crocker. 1901, in Sumatra, by , , t <- +i, TT,,;t«.i

WiUiam H. Crocker. 1905, in Spain and Egypt, ^'a-ne the popular name. Later, the United

by William H. Crocker. 1908, in Flint Island, States Government surveyors put down the

South Pacific Ocean, bv Regent AVilliam H. official name as Mt. Hamilton and at once

Crocker. ' " the name Ysabel became but a memory.

CHAPTER XIX.

The Story of Alum Rock, San Jose's Beautiful Reservation of One Thousand
Acres — Judge Richards' Description of Its Beauties and Attractions —
The Claim of J. O. Stratton.

The fi")lloAving beautiful description of one corded to it under an Act of Congress pro-
of San Jose's greatest assets is from the pen \-iding for the settlement of land claims in
of that artist in words. Judge |ohn E. Rich- California, passed in 1851. The allotment and
ards. It was written several years ago fr)r survey of these pueblo lands under the act
the board of ]jark commissioners, a ci\ic bod_\' extended the eastern line thereof to the sum-
that went out of existence \vhen the new mit of the first range of mountains wdiich
charter oi 1916 went into effect. form the eastern boundary of the Santa Clara

'■ The major ])ortion of wdiat is now Alum Valley, and thus included the tract of land
Rock Park was originally a part of the puJjlic which now comprises Alum Rock Park,
lands to wdiich San Jose became entitled b}' "That tlie canA'on wdiich emliraces the Park-
virtue of its pueblo origin under the old contained Aaluable mineral and medicinal
Spanish regime, i!}' an ordinance of King Phil- .springs and that nature had there been lav-
iij II of S]5ain, each pueblo, upon its estal)- isli in her display of picturesque landscapes,
lishment, was entitled to four leagues of land, in enchanting vistas of a mountain landscape
'fhis law A\'as in effect when the jjueblo of and in the variety, beauty and luxuriance of
San Jrjse de Guadalupe was founded in 1777. tree and ])lant life, was early known to pio-
Its terms were not, however, talvcn ad\'antage neer settlers in the vSanta Clara Valle}'. The
of until the pueblo had passed from the old desire and attenq^t of private persons to ac-
dominion intcj American control. It then laid rpu're this fa\'ored spot awakened a deter-
claim to its ])uel)lo rights and these were ac- mined effort in the direction of its appropria-

HISTORY OK SANTA OI.ARA COUNTY

203

tion for public uses, which led to its offu-ial
survey in 1866, and to the definite reserva-
tion of ahout 4H0 acres therein as a public
park, by an Act of the California Le.iiiisla-
ture passed in 1872. l!y another fvet^isiative
act of the same },ear a board of coniniis-
sioners was created for the control of the
park, and for the constructii)n of a highway
intei it from the Cit_\- of San Jose. The lieau-
tiful highwa>- which now bears the name of
Alum Rock A\'enue was laid out and con-
structed b)- this first board of park commis-
sioners, which was composed of Gen. Henr\-
Al. Naglee, Edward McLaughlin and Dr. jV.
J. Spencer; and to these and other of our
public-spirited citizens who thus earl_y persist-
ed in making the park available for the use
and enjoyiuent of the ]ieople, a lasting delit
of public gratitude is due.

"The original surve_\' of the park gixes its
area as about 400 acres. To this was added
in 1872 a donation of se\eral acres, including
'Buena \"ista,' a point of grand outlook, l}'ing
just south of the park proper, by Gen. Giles
A. Smith, Cyrus Jones and Lewis A. Hicks,
three liberal-minded citizens, wdio then owned
a large tract of adjoining lands. About fiftv-
hve acres more haxe been atlded b}- subse-
quent purchases in order to control the streams
and springs which constitute its water sup-
ply. The present area of the park is about
460 acres and the distance from San Jose
to its center is seven miles. Two excellent
high«-a}-s and also an electric railway, \\ith
cars lea\'ing the park and San Jose every half
hour, connect the cit}- with the park. The
rails are now on the ground for the construc-
tion of a thorougdil}' up-to-date broad gauge,
rapid service railroad into the park by war of
Berryessa.

".-Mum Rock Park derives its name from the
striking monolith wdiich stands about the cen-
ter of the park at a point wdiere Alum Rock
Avenue reaches the creek in its descent into
the canyon. Rug.ged and scarred by its a-oI-
canic origin and chemical constituents, it rises
a sheer 200 feet abo\e the stream. Doulile
sulphates of aluminum and sodium enter
largely into its composition and furnish the
residuum of alum dust found along its sides
and in its crevices and from the presence of
which it derives its name. Around the base
and sides of the rock issue several mineral
springs strongly impregnated Avith salt and
other chemical properties. One of these pours
its clear, cold waters into a stcme basin just
east of the rock. It is labeled 'Salt Condi-
ment' and is said b}- physicians to possess
excellent tonic and curatiye properties |for
those dyspeptically inclined. The original In-
dian name of the creek and canon was 'Shes-
tuc' Later the Spanish settlers named the

stream '.\guaje,' which means a 'watering
place for cattle.' A portion oi the creek, out
in the valley and between San Jose and Mil-
pitas became known in Mission days as 'Pene-
tencia Creek' from the fact that the pious pad-
res of Santa Clara Mission and the Mission
ot San Jose were wont Ui make penitential
pilgrimages at stated seasons, to a grove of
oaks which bordered the stream at that point
and the naiue ' I'enetencia' came thus to l)e er-
roneously apfdied l)y the early American oc-
cupants to the entire stream. The lands oc-
cupied by the ])ark were also formerly known
as 'The City Reservation,' but the appella-
tion, 'Alum Rock,' has supplanted these early
names and become the fixed and official desig-
nation of the park, creek and canon.

"Nature has arranged the topography of the
])ark in three diyisi()ns, each possessing its
own scenic attractions and each adapted to a
]>articular use. The first of these embraces
that ])ortion of its area lying below Alum
Rock and extending to the mouth of the can-
yon. This, by A-irtue of its level spaces and
the picturesrpie meandering of its rivulet
forms the ample and natural camping grounds
of the ])ark. Here gather annuall}- an increas-
ing- numlier of lo\-ers of outdoor life to pitch
their tents beneath the shad}- oaks and syca-
mores along the winding stream; to enjoy the
l)erfect climate of the park and to drink and
bathe in its healthful and refreshing waters.
The three chief natural features of this por-
ti(m of the park are Eagle Rock, the Meteor
and Ins])iration Point. Eagle Rock is that bold
and lofty escarpment wdiich rises abruptly
many hundred feet above the level floor of
the park and forms a portion of its northern
boundary. For many vears successive fami-
lies of eagles made their home among its
crags and could be seen daily sweeping their
majestic circles abo\'e Eagle Rock. From this
lofty outlook thirt}' cities, towns and villages
encircling the Bay of San Francisco and dot-
ting the Santa Clara Valle}' may, upon any
clear day, be discerned. Another natural
curiosity of this park is the meteor. This
immense black boulder of manganese stands
half buried in the hillside a short w-ay al)ove
the entrance to the park. Tradition will have
it that this is a real aerolite wdiich fell to
earth within remembered time, but science in-
sists that tradition is wrong in this regard
and the oldest inhabitant declares that the
meteor has been there from his earliest recol-
lection. Which exer is right there can be no
doubt that the meteor is a most interesting
natural curiosit}", wdiich e\'ery A-isitor to the
|)ark should see.

"Overlooking this portion of the park also
rises the w^ooded height which aptly bears
the name of 'Inspiration Point.' From the

!(J4

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

kidsk upon its suinniit the ^vhole central por-
tidii (if the ])ark is visil.ile and the ^•iew of
its A'aried l)eaut>- and of the hay and the A'al-
le\' 1)e\"on(k is indeed grand and inspiring. A
l)_\-\vay wdiicli \vinds in and ont among the
iiaks (if the Sdutliern hillside leads to this ele-
\ation and the loA'er of natnre wdio follo^vs it
to the snnimit v\'\]\ he fulh" repaid.

"The next and most important section of
the jiark is that lyin.g aboA-e Alum Rock
and up to and including the liaths and de-
veloped si^rings. The chief improvements of
the park in the way of buildings, lawns, lake,
dri\-e\\a}-s, deer jiadddcks, restaurant, gardens,
bath houses and other iacilities fdr the con-
ser^"ation and use of the mineral waters, are
\\'ithin this area, the cultiwatcd jidrtion (if wdiich
Cdntains abdut twent}--fi^'e acres. Ecre are
the a\"iaries, \\diere all S(irts df birds, frdui the
stateh" pieacdck td.the prett\" Califurnia canary,
furnish endless enjoyment td children. Here
also are the deer paddocks, \\diere several spe-
cies of these shv and graceful creatures ma}^
be seen. Across the A\'ay a liig, ample and
Cdinfortable den in the mountain side is the
home df a great, good-natured bro\\'n bear,
wdiilc from the Udoks of an enckised SN-canmre
some large gra)' squirrels and a family of chip-
munks jieer and chatter at \vhoever will offer
th.em nuts to crack or hide for their winter
store. A vine-emljoAvered restaurant, with its
\\-idc and shaded pdrches in\ites to refresh-
ment; and yonder the children's pla^-ground
with all its accessories, and the dancing pa-
\ilion, resound through all the su.mmer, \\'ith
merr\- laughter and the rhythm df dancing feet.
There are no 'keep off the grass' signs u])on
the lawns (if Alum Rdck Park and the one
rec|uest \vhich the commissirmers make of the
puiilic is that the}' will pluck no flowers.

"The baths and offices are grduped near
the mineral springs ; and while nijt yet as elab-
(irate in architectural ur permanent in fdrm
as might be desired, the tul) and plunge baths
are capable of ministering to the comfort of
a cdusiderable number of visitors daily. The
time will come, and that pjrobably soon, when
the pe(Mple df San Jose will awaken to the
real value of the ])ark and es|:)eciallv of its
mineral s[)rings as features of public attrac-
tion worth)' (T "\\'(jrld-\\'ide fame, and will ex-
pend sufficient mune)" in their im])rd\'ement
and dex'elopment to put tliem on a par -with
other resorts of far less varied excellence to
which man_\- thdusands of the "Wdrld's seek-
ers after healtli, rest and i^leasure annuall)'
find their wa}'.

'AVhile the scenic attractions of Alum Rock
I 'ark are surpassing, its chief element of use
and value consists in its mineral s])rings. No
other j)lace in California, or hardly elsewhere,

possesses within a like area, such a variety
of ])leasing and healthful chemical waters. In
the nnmediate vicinity of the park center and
within a few hundred feet of the depot there
are ei.ghteen developed mineral springs be-
sides a large number of other springs not
vet developed and anal>zed. An analysis of
se\"eral springs, made SdUie years agd li}' A\'il-
liam Ireland, state mineralogist, shows the pre-
vailing presence df soda, white sulphur, black
sulphur and irdU in tlie composition of their
waters. He says: 'Sulphates are practical-
ly alisent fr(-im these sijrings, which are high-
I'v charged with suli)huretted hydrogen. The
absence of an}' notable quantities of carbonate
(if lime anfl cdmi)arati\-e abundance dl sul-
phuretted hydrdgcn gi\-e m.ire than ordinar}'
A-alue' td these AX-aters frdm a medical stanch
pdint.' Ildth lidt and Cdld spirings are to l>e
found issuing in ckise ]-)r( iximit}' to each oth-
er. The soda sjjrings are es])ecially agree-
alile to the palate, Avhile the sulphur springs
are capalde of furnishing an abundance of
A\'ater for the tub and plunge Iiaths. The ])ark
CdUimission is ]n-(iceeding as rapidly as possible
Avith the development df these sjirings and
their inclosurc in artistic and substantial drink-
ing fdunts composed of native sandstone, of
AA-inich the park has an inexhausti])le supjily.

"Travelers from all parts df the AA'cjrld, Avho
ha\'e A'isited the jiark, agree in the statement
that the mdst famous and pdi)ular resorts
of Europe have not the eipial nf these min-
eral s]iring'S in numlier and in Aariet}' and
]deasing and health-giving pro])erties of their
AA'aters ; all that is needed is their develo]i-
ment to .give them and the beautiful park,
A\diicli contains them, Avorld-AA'ide fame and
jiatronage.

"Just above the springs the A'isitor enters
the picnickers' paradise. -V Japanese tea gar-
den stands inA'iting'h' at its entrance, and be-
A'ond the cauA'on A\'idens sufficiently to pro-
A'ide a secluded little A'ale coA'ered AA-ith spread-
ing oaks, alders, ma])les and sycamores
through Avhich the creek makes its rippling
Avay, and among Avhich maA' be seen on every
pleasant daA', [larties df picnickers enjoying
their luncheon or reclining" in shadA' n(.)oks
aldug the Avhispering stream, P)e}'(ind the ])ic-
nic grounds a Avinrling path foUoAvs the creek
to its forks, about a <piarter oi a mile above
the springs ; and thence u]) either branch of
the (hAnded riAulet one ma}' Avander along
shad}- and romantic trails to 'The Falls',

"These beautiful cascades ma}' be found a
little way up either fork of the creek and Avill
ampl}' repa}' the effort to reach them, Tumli-
ling doAvn oser moss-co\ered rocks into deep,
fern-embowered pddls, the}' present artistic
visions of nature in her most entrancing

HISTORY (_)1' SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

205

iiuhhIs. The ]i:irk extends smiie ilistaiiec be-
yond The Falls. Init (mly the persistent elinih-
er or the oceasiemal disciple ol A\ alton ^vill
venture to follow the stream beyond The Falls
and up into the \\'ilder fastnesses of the canyi_)n
to their source.

"Aside from the axiaries and animal enclos-
ures and from the area of eulti\'ated i^ardens
and grounds, ^Alum Rock Fark is the abiding-
place of a considerable \ariety of wild birds
and animals and displays a great luxuriance
of native trees, plants antl flowers. The dainty
California canar}-, the cheery Imnet, the sh)-
wood-thrush and the bustling little \vren in-
habit every bower, while the quail's piping-
note or rapid whij-r, and the yellowhammer's
loud, clear call, are frecjuently heard among
the wooded hills. The loiterer along cjuiet by-
paths often hears the scramble of a startled
coon or sees the graceful form of a silver
fox outlined against the green hillsides, or
even catches a glimpse of a wild deer gliding
through the undergrowth ; while the camper
or picnicker can strike up friendship any hour
with whole families of Ijrown squirrels with
which the canyon abounds and which through
long immunity have lost their fear of man
and will come and frisk around the feet of
children or even eat from out their hands.

"The flora of the park is also of great and,
fact, of almost infinite variety. Practically
all of the trees, shrubbery and flowers, which
are distinctively Californian, flourish here.
During spring and summer, the California pop-
pv, the golden rod, the yellow buttercup and
the manposa lily glorify its banks and brown
uplands, while within the canyon's shaded
dells bright Indian pinks, fragrant Solomon's
seal, dainty bluebells, tall, wild tulips, lusty
lupins, the blue and scarlet columbine, the
delicate and aromatic shooting star and a hun-
dred other N'arieties of wild flowers, abound.
All winter the toyon bushes and the madrone
trees fhng the glory of their red clusters of
berries along the hills and stream where the
abundant brown Inilbs of the buckeye tell of a
springtime of fragrant blooming. Thus at
every season of the year the park is beautiful.
"The foregoing sketch gives but glimpses
of the attractions of Alum Rock Park. It must
be seen to be appreciated and those who once
visit it for even a hasty hour, carry away im-
pressions of its variety and beauty wdiich re-
main with them a pleasing memory forever.

" 'The quaint madrone, the laurel trees
And countless shrubs that cover
The mountain sides : the soft, warm air
The blue sk-y bending o\er ;

"'Make it a spot, when weary-worn,
^'ou seek with lo\'ed companion,
And find the gods of rest and peace
I )\vell in this matchless cam-on.'"

Since the abo\e sketch by Juflge Richards
was written the park has undergone many ar-
tistic changes and im]ir(i\enients strictly up-to-
date. More land was accpiired until now the
park com]irises about 1000 acres. The broad
gauge railroad over a newl}' C( instructed road
now enters the can\'on, ^\'hile automobiles,
pro^-ided with pro])er parking grounds, come
b\' the thousands e\er\' \veek. Ele\'en years
ago the park commissiim began to carry out
a s^'stem of permanent iiuprovements. The tea
garden -was removed and a first-class cafe
has taken its place. Instead of two roads to
the park in the old days there are now three,
the third leaving the main road at the sum-
mit and half-circling the park along a beau-
tiful winding way hi.gh up in the hills to the
heart of the park. A new bath house has
been constructed at a cost of $78,000. The
cafe cost $4500. The springs have been en-
cased with cement walls and the creek has
1-)een walled up to protect the park from the
occasional ^yinter floods. More improvements
are contemplated. Since the adoption of San
Jose's new charter in 1916, the park has been
under the control of the city engineer, C. B.
Goodwin.

An interesting story concerning the park
was furnished in the experiences of J. O. Strat-
ton. For man}- years he \\-as the proprietor and
manager of a hotel in the park. This hotel
had been built by \\'oolsey Shaw, who in the
late fifties had acquired by preemption and
])urchase over 700 acres of what was then
called the Alum Rock ranch. This tract ex-
tended some distance beyond the tract after-
w-ards claimed by the city of San Jose. While
Shaw was in possession of large portions of
the i>ark (then called the City Reservation)
suit against him was brought by the city
under the claim that about 450 acres held by
Shaw was part of the pueblo lands belonging
to the city. Before the suit ended vStratton
had liought from Shaw that section of the
Alum Rock ranch that took in the hotel, bath
houses and se\-eral outliuildings. All three
imprfivements had been made by Shaw short-
Iv after he had entered into possession of the
land. The suit was decided in favor of the
city and imn-iediately thereafter Shaw and
Stratton were dispossessed. This was in the
'70s. While the suit was pending Stratton
ofTered to give up the land he had bought
from Shaw if the city \vould pa}- him $3000
for the impro^-ements. 'Fhe petition was re-
ferred to the Alum Rock Commissioners, and

206 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

after the court decision thev presented a re- should pay him for liis improvements, first

port awarding Stratton $1000, the actual value because the city was then using them^ and

of the lumber purchased for the erection of secondly because he had bought from Shaw

the iHiildings. Stratton accepted the award, in good' faith, believing that Shaw had law-

but when he asked the council to confirm the furtitle to the lands. Year after year Strat-

commissioners' report, he met with a refusal. ton presented his claim for reimbursement

The council claimed that it had no jurisdic- and vear after year the council refused to

tion. In other words it could not deal with grant it. At last Stratton gave up in despair,

matters of equity. Stratton admitted that he He died many years ago and his heirs have

had no legal claim for reimbursement but never made any attempt to have the decision

thought it no more than just that the city of the council reversed.

CHAPTER XX.

The Attractions of the Big Basin, or California Redwood Park — How It
Was Preserved by the Efforts of a San Josean — The Annual Forest
Play in a Natural Setting.

San Jose points with pride to its great sub- he would do his own advertising of them,

sidiary attraction, the California l^edwood \\'or(ls followed: blo\\'s might have, l)ut what

Park, or liig Basin, as it is more popularly did happen was a firm determination on the

known. It consists of 14,000 acres of sequoia part of Mr. Hill that those trees should be-

sempervneiis trees and is the oldest living long^ to the people.

o-rove in the world. It is about twenty-five "This was in March, 1900. Prior tt) that

miles from San lose in the heart of the Santa time Mr. Hill had taken numerous pictures (.if

Cruz Alountains" and is reached by fine high- the trees, spending days among them alone

wavs from San fose and Santa Cruz. The his- ^\■ith his thoughts and his camera. Perhaps it

tor'v of its preservation is grajihically told in was this association with the big things of

the" follo^\■ing article written by AN'ilsnn E. the forest ^\•hich added (le5)th and lireath and

Albee and publishetl in the San [ose Mercury height to the idea \\'hich first came to him

of April 12. 1917: during the argument \\\t\\ Mr. Welch. Per-

"Giant redwoods, mighty witli the strength haps some ])art of that great strength of the
which had withstood the ravages of centuries, forest ^\'as im])arted to him, adding its ]iow-
qua^■ered at the menacing snarl of the saw er to his, that he might the better fight his
mill; tremliled \vith the throb of its engines; battle of preservation, and perhaps it \\'as from
moaned with the scream of the ripping, tearing the ^■astness of the forest that he drew some
steel teeth, cutting through the heart of the of that determination which withstood hun-
fcjrest. nearer and e\er nearer, and from their ger and ])rivation while the fight was on, en-
towering height beckoned across the moun- abled him to surmauut iibstacles, accomplish
tains for rescue: beckuned to those who were the impossible and carry the Redwood bill
that those vet to cume might feast on their through the state senate and assembly in spite
grandeur. And there was one to answer. of the determined opposition of the controU-

"Across the range alxne Wright's station, ing element and the go\'ernor of the state,

a spark smouldered and burst into flame. "It was following his argument with Mr.

Whipped into fury by the mountain breezes, Welch at the hotel near Felton that Mr. Hill

it spread, eating its way swiftly and licking met h:)hn \i. Richards, then an attorney, now

clean the forest fiehind it. sending up a ])all judge i)f the .'Vppellate Court, on the train,

of smoke seen 'round the world. From Fng- Mr. Hill told of his determination to get the

land came the call frir the story and pictures, big trees for a public park. Mr. Richards was

showing not only the fire, but the Ifig trees impressed. That night Mr. Hill wrote out

which it menaced. .Vndrew P. Hill, with cam- his idea in a letter to Mrs. Josephine Clif-

era and ])lates, ])lied his art ])reser\ ati\e for ford McCrackin, whose home had been burned

a day among the Santa Cruz Trees near Fel- along with twenty-three others in the recent

ton, meeting, at the end of his expedition, ^vitl^ forest fire. Mrs. McCrackin forwarded the let-

the unalterable (ii)])(isition of Mr. W'elch, ])ro- ter with lier a|ipro\-al to the Santa Cruz

prietor of the hotel, who stated that the trees Sentinel and it appeared in that ])uldication in

were a ])er(pusite nf his hostelry and that the nidrning, the first article e\'er published

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.ARA COLTNTY

207

ach-ocating- public ownership of the trees. On
the evening of that same day there appeared
an article by Mr. Richards upon the same sub-
ject in the San Jose Herald.

"IMr. Hill, uiHin his rettu'n to >^an Jose,
called upon Judge IM. H^. Hyland and Judge
A. L. Rhotles. Both were taken with the idea
and Judge Rhodes urgetl that Mr. Hill should
make the preservation of the trees his life
work. In replv to a letter sent the Santa
Cruz Chamber of Commerce, a resolution fa-
voring the project \\-as passed and Mr. Hill
was asked by J. F. Coppe, secretary of that
bodv, to have a like resolution jiassed b}- the
San Jose Chamber of Commerce. This was
done, Air. Hill appearing before that l)ody and
was appointed chairman of a committee to
work for the preservation of the trees.

"After some communication with Mr. Cop)ie
of ,Santa Cruz, it was decided to thro\v the
project into line with the educational institu-
tions of the state so as to keep it out of poli-
tics as much as possible and the first meeting
was called to be held at Stanford University
in April, 1900. Arrangements were made with
Dr. David Starr Jordan, then president of the
universitv, who lent his hearty co-operation to
the movement. At this meeting there were
present delegations from the Academy of Sci-
ence, the University of California, University
of Stanford, Sierra Club, San Jose and Santa
Cruz Chambers of Commerce, Santa Clara
College, San Jose State Normal School, dele-
gates from the University of the Pacific be-
ing invited but unalile to attend.

"Up to this time those interested in line
with the first idea of Mr. Hill, had been think-
ing only of the Santa Cruz grove. Just at
this tim'e Air. Hill received a letter from Mr.
Coppe stating that Dr. Anderson, of Santa
Cruz, a prominent botanist, had asked that the
attention of the committee be called to the
Big Basin trees saying: 'As your enthusiasm
is for these smaller trees, so will it grow in
proportion to the size, the grandeur and the
vastness of those in the Big Basin.'

"The proposal was taken up with Dr. Jor-
dan and it was learned that Professor William
R. Dudley, of the Stanford botanical depart-
ment, and Charles B. Wing, a young teacher
of the institution, had made a complete survey
of the Big Basin and that for seven or eight
months attempts had been made to purchase
the land for the university. The land belonged
to a number of lumbermen, however, and the
figure for purchase was too high. Professor
Dudley, when informed of the proposition of
public ownership hailed it with joy and en-
tered with great zeal and enthusiasm into the
proposed work.

"In order to learn more of the Big Basin
[xissibilities a committee was appointed by
Mr. Hill composed of W. W. Richards, Carrie
Stevens Walter, Rollie S. Kooser, Mrs. Steph-
en A. Jones and Andrew P. Hill. This com-
mittee was joined in Boulder Creek on May
I?, 1900, Ijy a delegation from the Santa Cruz
Chamber of Commerce, among whom were
J. F. Ciippe, secretary ; J. Q. Packard of the
smelter trust; H. L. Middleton, representing
some of the lumber interests and Charles Wes-
le_\' Reed, a member of the San Francisco
board of supervisors. The next morning the
party went U> the tie camp where they were
cutting trees from fi\e to twelve feet in diam-
eter. About 300 acres of the Iiasin had been
cut in the three previous years during which
a mill had lieen operating. Passing the camp
they proceeded to Slippery Rock ^\dlere they
made a permanent camp and it was on May
18, 1900, -wdiile the committee was seated
about the campfire that Mr. Hill suggested the
organization of a club, the oljject of which
would lie the preserA-ation of the trees. The
club, kno\\'n as the Semper\-irens, was organ-
ized and Charles Wesley Reed elected its first
president and Mrs. Carrie Stevens A'Valter.
secretar}-. The camp where the organization
was ai^ected, \\'as named for the club.

"The committee traversed the basin in all
directions and took numerous photographs.
It was ^vhile they were driving along the China
Grade road beyond the property owned by
Air. Tray, that Mr. Hill noted the ridge be-
t-ween the San Lorenzo and Boulder Creek on
one side and the waters of the Pescadero on
the other. Pointing to this, he stood up in
the carry-all and said : "We will build a road
over that ridge from the Santa Clara Coun-
ts'." Some olijection was raised immediately
b}^ some of the Santa Cruz members, but
Soon the)' saw that the construction of such
a road would be of value to them and they
liecame supporters of the proposal.

"Se\'eral months previous to this time a
committee had been appointed to get a price
on the land. No action had been reported by
them. A railroad had already sur^'eyed a wa}-
into the basin and preparations were being
made to cut the whole area of 15,000 acres.
Action must be taken quickly if the trees
were to be saved. In the face of some op-
position Mr. Hill took the upper hand, met
with Mr. Middleton, conferred with Dr. David
Starr Jordan and Professor Dudley and the
head of the Stanford law department and an
option on the land was executed at Stanford.

"Up to this time ever3'thiiig had proceeded
niceh^. Steps were taken to have a bill in-
troduced in congress for the purchase of the
Big Basin, but, o^\'ing to the fact that there

208 HISTORY OF SAN'JW CLARA COUNTY

was another big- tree ImII l^efore tliat Ijody, g-u before the legislature and speak for the
the action was withdrawn. Air. Reed was bill. His address, made after a visit to the
appointed at a meetmg held in the Palace Ijig Basin, was one of the most powerful ever
Hotel in San Francisco as a committee of dehvered upon a public project, and created
one to draw u]) a ];)ill to present to the State a strong sentiment for the bill.
Legislature. It was presented In- Assembly- "Hope for the ])assage of the bill was strong
man George H. Fisk of San Francisco, but be- at this time. Then came word that the gov-
fore long it was reported liack by the as- ernor was opposed to having the bill come
semlily committee on ways and means with ^p ^o him because of the size of the appro-
the recommendation that it 'do not j)ass.' The propriation. New conditions were imposed
senate finance committee returned a like rec- ^yhich at first seemed impossible to meet. It
ommendation and another meeting was called ^vas hoped that the conditions would prove
at the Palace Hotel where it was reported ^n insurmountable obstacle to the advocates
that the bill was 'dead.' Mr. Hill refused ,,f the bill, but the opposition failed utterly in
to understand what the word 'dead' in this in- t|-,ei(- estimation of Andrew P. Hill. They re-
stance meant. He insisted that the bill could quired a new contract on the land. Although
be passed no matter how 'dead' it was, and |,is funds furnished by the Sempervirens Club
because of his enthusiasm and determination ^^as growing low Mr. Hill left immediately
he was unanimously elected to go to Sacra- f,,r San Francisco. Opponents watched him
mento and take charge of the bill. „o They did not expect him to return.

"Hardly had Mr. Flill reached Sacramento "in San Francisco he met Mr. Middleton

when he found that it would be a stiff fight and asked for a new contract on the land. 'You

to get the bill approjjriating the needed $250,- cannot get it,' answered Mr. Middleton. 'It

000 passed. He went to Alden Anderson, for- jg not a question of wdiether or not I can

merly of San Jose, then lieutenant governor. „et the contract,' replied Mr. Hill. 'The only

Mr. Anderson suggested that changes be made thing is that I must have it. What are your

in the bill in order t(j get it through the com- conditions?'

mittee and that the support of Grover L. ..^he conditions named were that Mr. Hill

Johnson be obtained. Mr. Johnson became a ^^^.^^^^ ^ guarantor who would pav the sum of

friend of the measure immediately "Pon its ^50,000 in case the state should decide to

presentation to him by Mr. Hill and called ,rchase the propertv and not be in a posi-

the bill frc)iri the table onto the floor of the

tion to make an immediate first payment, Mr.

h.,use and ha<l it reported back to the com- jjjjj hggjtated but a moment. 'I will have that

mittee. Mr. H, 11 was given a hearing and ^^^^^^ o-uaranteed to vou before 12 o'clock to-

the lull was re-wntten and returned with the nio-ht'' he said

recommendation that it 'do pass,' ?. s ,! o 20 • i 1 ^i * ■ at -lt-h n 1

. , ., jj.,, At 8:30 o clock that evening Mr. Hill called

"Phis was encouras'iny', hut Mr. riill soon -p^ y , 4- Ci r ' 1 r^ t 1

Liiib \\a^ cin-i'uicif.,11 ,,,, u -1 4-1 i upon Dr. Jordan at Stanford, Dr. Jordan

discovered breakers ahead. He learned that
a certain controlling 'push' would not let the

could not make the guarantee. Telephoning
diead that he was coming, Mr. Hill started

-}i11 nass an( that it won k cost iiim $:iOOO to r o * r^i i i 4-r j ^.i

nil pa^j uii ILL , ,1 \ ,, for Santa Clara, where he outlined the situ

■j-et it throu"'h He determined that there .■ ^ -n- t- i 4. i 4.1 i. -r i

^cL iL oiniLi_,ii. 1 ^ y ■,. • ation to rr. Kenna and suggested that if he

was Vnit one wav to swing this opposition m ,■ 1 4. 1 4.1 -4- 4 ■ ii ^

\\a^ ijui ijin, >xa_v ,^ ^ •' , , did not have the monev it was certain that

fa\'or ot the measure and immediately took .r- ■ ■ 01 i 1 • " ■ 4. nr o n-

ia\iii Liiv '">- .' Iimmie Phelan or his sister, Mrs. buUivan,

train tor ^^anta G ara. rt ere he called ui)on ■ 1 1 r ■ ^ ■ ^ r> 4- » r tt-h

odiu 101 viaiii-ci v^iaia. - V j coukI turuish it. For some time Mr. Hill ar-

Fr. Robert E. Kenna, then president ot Santa ^^^^., ^^^^^ ,^^^^^^, ^,^^j ^^,^^jj ^^j^,^ ^ j^^

Clara College, and atter -utlming the situa- p^ ^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^ Immediatelv Mr. Midcfle-

tion to him asked that tlie Latholic church , • 4 1 -ii '
'-' " '' . , , , .,, ,, ,, , ton was communicated with,
be committed to the Inll. hr. kenna made , 1 1 1, , , ■ , at
a trip to Sacramento with Mr. Hill to .see The cars had all st,,pped running and Mr
for himself the actual cmditions. Cpon their l^''^ walked to San Jose, reaching the office of
return Mr Hill spoke at a meeting of the the San jnse J\ I erci^ry at one o clock m the
Jesuits, gained their support and p'ersuaded '"'.'V;'"'"\ * ■""}"' ^^ ,^^'^ ''.'^'^ ','' ^^"J ^■
them to 'send a committee into the l^asin to ^^ ^^'l^"^- then editor, he said. Air. Wells, I
evunine the trees and report back whetlier or "'"'"^t you t,, write ^the greatest editorial you
not thev were \vorth saving. Uiion the re- '^''^'^ ^x-er written. \ ou are to., late,' re-
turn of 'the committee action was taken with- turned Air. W'ells, 'the iia])er is already on the
out delay and practically the whole ])ower of l^-ess.' Air. Hill persisted, outlining his plan
the church was placed behind the measure for f'"' laying a copy of the Mercury with the
saving the trees. Mr. Hill returned to Sac- editorial on the desk of every senator and as-
ramento with a new courage. Through a re- semblyman that morning. The request was
finest of Fr. Kenna, D. A1. r-)elmas consented to granted. Air. Hill writing the editorial, and

HlSTOkN' ol' SANTA i.M,\UA CoUN'IA' 209

150 copies were run off, Mr. Mill taking' them the I'alilMrnia I'ionecrs. 'IMiere were many

em the 4 :oO o'clock nuiriiiiii; train. (jthers makini; a ilelerniined starul for the

"The appearance of the editi)rials on e\ery measure,

tlesk at 8 o'clock in the mornint;' created a stir "Then, as a master stroke, a thint;- which

in the les'ishitnre, l)ecanse they showeil that In'tliertn had l)een done upon l)ut a small scale,

the 'impossilde' conditions imposed for the .Mr. 1 Hll sent uut his prepared tele.t^'rams to

passage of the bill hatl been met in e\ery detaik all parts of the state. Nearly all one day

Nor was this all of the plan of campai^-n une man in the tele,t;"ra])h ofiice ■ worked on

worked out by Mr. Hill. \t 11 o'clock that tliese. .\11 the ne.xt day he receixed hun-

moruing Fr. Kenna himself arrived in v^acra- dreils nf telegrams from organizations and in-

tnento. -\fter \'isiting the church he went to di\idnals 'directed to the governor, urging

the capit(d building and was assigned a room him to sign the bill.

in the Hoard of lulucation. For the greater -'fhe plans were a success. (Governor Gage

part of the day Mr. Hill brought uidividual signe.l the bdl and in March, 1902, oXOO acres

members of the senate and assemldy to hnu jn t],^; |;i„- p,;^sin, one of the most \vonderful

for conference. .\ poll had been taken and it i,-i-„vt.s of trees in the world, passed into the

was found that there were only seven senators ii^mds of the people of California; a ])ark in

willing to vote for the bill. which they might find refuge from the rush

"[rist at adijournment time Senator Short- and dust of the cities; wdiere the\' might rest

ridge, upon request of Mr. Hill, asked that the from their toil and where tlie\' might find

legislators remain to hear Fr. Kenna s])eak. themseh'es among the truly .great things of

The^• all remained and F'r. Kenna was ushered nature — the mighty redwoods of the forest,

to the speaker's chair to address theiu. His .\nd lor this the people ha\'e, m(.)re than anv-

plea for the bill was simide, lieautilully one else, to think Andrei' P. Hill."

worded, but determined. Uut of the thirty- After .Mr. .Mbee's article was written, more

three senators there were eighteen Cath.dics. land was secured, so that now the park consists

AMien the vote was taken on the bill, which ,,f UjjOO acres. The Sempervirens Club also

had alread\- passed the assembl}', there w-ere .secured a state a]-)pro])riation of $70,000 for

thirty-two favorable votes, the onl\- one in op- buildiuo^ a road into the park. The road vcas

position being that of the chairman of the h- ]n,iij ^^^,\ ^ow thousands of |)e(jple visit the

nance committee who stated that he hoped it o-reat redwood forest every year. A hotel has

would carry but that it would not be consist- \,^.q„ erected and also many cottages and there

ent tor him to \^^te lor it. are fine tentin.g acci;immodations for campers.

"There remained but one thiiig more; the In l":*!'', as a fitting climax to their efforts,

securing of the signature of GoN'ernor Cage the memljers of the Semper\irens Club pre-

\\ho had stron.g objections to si,gning. Mr. sented a lieautiful forest pki}- wdiich will live

Hill worked ceaselessh'. The money .gi^■en in history a monument to the artistic, literary

him by the Sempervirens Club had long been and musical talent of Don W . Richards and

exhausted. His own personal funds were .gone Thomas \'. Cator, the author and composer

with the excepti(m (.if mone>" he had care- of the play. ( )\-er 5,000 people were present

fully saved for the last liig play of his cam- at the ])roduction. There ^\'as a natural audi-

pai.gn, that of telegraphing to organizations torium and the talent was amon.g the Ijest

in all parts of the state to brin.g pressure on in San jose and yicinit}-. \^)calists from oth-

the governor. er i>arts of the state also participated. The

"For days he had been li\-in,g in a dingy theme of the play, "The Soul of Sequoia,"
l:)ack room with no running water cir other was carried on liy aesthetic dances, vocal num-
conveniences. Da}- after day he ate 15 cent liers and spoken words. The unique features
meals, some days only one of them and upon were memorable. The play consisted of a pro-
one occasion his only food during the day was lugue, four episodes, each presenting a differ-
an orange someone gave him. _ ent form of dramatic expressicm ; and an epi-

"Mr. Hill arranged with the .governor for a log^e. The first episode was in the form of

date upon which a public hearing was to be ^ dance pantomime typifying the awakening

granted when reasons why he should sign ^^^ jj^-^^ ,j,j^g second was in the cantata foriu,

the bill could be ])resented. I he date ot the ,]^o,^.„^„. ^j^^ sowing of the seed of forest

hearing was flashed over the state and the ^^^^^ ^.^^^^ ^ ^;^^^ ^^^^ third-Indian in

meeting was crowi ed with interested advo- , • . ,. i i r o , o ,- o

"^^ *> , , T-, ,- A\r-ii-,„, t) theme — \yhich told ot the death ot Sequina,

cates. Among them were Prot. William K. . . '

„ ,, r Oi j: 1 t:> +' '^or,n-«r rJ t1iP stntp the si)irit ot the forest. 1 he last \\-as the

Dudley of Stantord ; Prot. Senger ol the state . '

university the grand president of the Native ■'having ot the trees from the axe ot the woods-
Daughters and the .grand president of the Na- man. Among the leading actors was one of
tive^Sons, with J. Z. Anderson representing the mountain deer, which, lured by the calls

210 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

of the assistant park \\ar(len, had been tamed re\erent liearts, draw near to the Father of

sufficiently for the appearance in the ])lay. the Forest.

The production of 1920, held on July 3, out- "So ^ve came wanderino- here in these Cathe-

nvaled that of 1919, both as to performance dral aisles, adventurin.o-, "seeking the Spirit of

and numlier of spectators. This out-of-door R,,mance, with wistful ear striving- to catch

spectacle, which will be given annually, will the echo of some mvstic melody from out the

make San Jose the (Iberammergau of Amer- past. Here in this ()eaceful spot where dreams

ica. At tile 1920 performance Dean Han- are burn, strange fancies hovered to us. It

son was the musical composer, },\v. Cator ha\-- seeme<l as if the spirit of the woodland whis-

ing retired. pered tales of immemorial lore. Perhaps it

The officers of the Sempervirens Cluli are was the west wind sighing low in the branches,

as follows: President, Andrew P. Hill; hon- the stream weeping for days that are gone, the

orary presidents, Chas. \\'esley Reed, Mrs. \V. rustle of wood-folk in the thicket, Init we

C. Kennedv: vice-])resident, fudge I. R. heard —

Welch; secretary-treasurer, Dr. Charles Pease; 'AVe shall try to lift the curtain for you, to

consulting attorney, Herbert C. Jones; de- l)eo])le the woodland with nymphs and elves,

positorv, "First National Bank. Directors— to wake the Wild God and draw from hun the

[udee 'f. R. Welch, H. L. .Middleton, Rev. ethereal strains that j.iped the dancers to Syl-

Z. Mailer, Mrs. A. T. Herrmann, A. P. van rcAclrv. h'or you we ha\'e mvoked the

Murgotten, A. P. Hill, Judge J. E. Richards, elements to reveal that solemn festival, the

Herbert C. Jones, W. R. Flint", Dr. James P,. R'tual ..f tlie Sowers. Fr..m her lung sleep

Bullitt. Mrs. S. A. Jones, Col. C. B. Wing, \\"a..na ernes with Seipi.)ia, her brave lover,

Judge Isaiah Hartman. her xoice thrills through the forest but dies

The following exceri)t is taken from the pre- away in sadness o'er Sec|uoia's slam liody.

hide to "The "Smil of Sequoia," written bv The Padres, intoning the Misericordia, enter

Don W. Richards: "Through countless ages in time to save the Indian Maid from self-

these redwood trees have stood, sublime, mag- inlhctcd death. And last, Brundel, the woods-

nificcnt. their utmost branches sweeping the "i-'in. nieets his master, the destroying axe is

very sk\', their feet carpeted bv the virgin br.,ken and the forest is iireserved for ages

soil' from which in long-dead centuries they vet unborn. The spirits of the horest gather

sprang. Thev rise like pillars of a majestic to pay homage to the trees, and m

temple, dedicated to the worshij) of their Cre- song and in dancing U> rejoice m their

ator ; a sacred grove, where mortals may, with deli\"cr}- Ironi destruction."

CHAPTER XXI.

The Public and Private Schools of San Jose — The Growth of the High
School — The State Normal School — College of Notre Dame — College of
the Pacific — St. Joseph's School.

The first record of the establishment of pub- thirtieth of last Septemlier, in which he obli-

lic schools in San lose is a document found gated himself to teach the children of this

among the old archives of the pueblo and ])ueblo and \-icinity to read, write and the

purporting to be a contract made in 1811, be- doctrine, and to l:)e ])aid therefor at the rate

tween the" commissioners of the puelilo tin be- of eighteen reals jier annum, by e\ery head

half of the families thereof, and Rafael Villa- of a family, in grain or flour. .-\s in this obli-

\-icencio, inv the instruction of the children of gation of both jiarties the conditions are not

the puelilo. Ha^dng lieen sent to the com- ex]iressed, wl'ich I consider ought to l^e, I

mander at ?\I(intere\-, it was returned with ha\e thought ])ro]ier to dictate them, that you

additions and modifications, and the document may make it known to both parties in public,

thus amended became the first school law of witli their consent, and that it be signed by

the citv of San b'Se. Following is tlie text: }-ou, the .Mcalde, the Regidores and the

"I return tri vou, that the same may lie ])laced teacher, and registered in the archi\-es. First,

in the archives, the obligation which the in- the pa)', annually, of eighteen reals l)y each

habitants f>f the nei,ghborho()d have made with and e\ery head of a family, 1 think is quite

the infirm corporal, Rafael Villavicencio, who sufficient for the teacher, and as it is all they

transmitted it to me by official letter on the can give, in virtue of which the commissioners

HISTORY ol' SANTA CI.AKA C(.)UNTY ill

\\\\l he uhlio-atei-l to collect the same at the At the ))resent day tlie parish schcjols of

pniper time in (irder td (leli\'er it tn the teacher, one hundred }ears as^o have dexeloped into

The teacher, in \irtue of the ])a_v that is to he such institutions as the Collec,^' of Notre Dame

made to him, will also lie oblis^ed to perform and St. joseidi's School, jiresided ovev I.)y men

his obligation with the greatest vigilance and and ANomen wlio have abandoned the world

strictness, without .giNing his attention to any- to de\(]te their li\es to this work.

thing else but the teaching. .\s the hours are The first American school teacher was Mrs.

not expressed in which the attendance of the ( )live M. Isbell. In February, 1847, she taught

children ought to be at school, they will 1)e the children of families at the Santa Clara

these: Six in a dav — three in the morning Mission.

and three in the afternoon; in the morning Tlie first Protestant school <if wdiich there

from eight o'clock until ele\en, and in the is any record was opened b\- Re\'. E. Rannis-

afternoon from two until i'we. it being the ter in 1851 , and was called The San fose Acad-

tluty of the commissioner to compel the fathers em\'. In it were taught not onh- the Englisli

to make their children attend, and to see tliat branches, 1)ut the classics. At first it was a

the teacher in no instance fails. l{\erv 'Iduirs- ]>ri\ate enterprise, but in the same }'ear it

day and Saturday afternoon the children \\-ill was incorporated with a board of nine trustees,

not write or read, but explanations will lie In 185.3 a school for }-oung ladies, called the

given them these two afternoons, of the doc- Piascom Institute, was opened. It ^\■as under

trine (faith), at wdiich the commissioner ^vill the auspices of the Pacific Conference of the

attend and ad\'ise the teacher that he must ^1. E. Church and was managed \>\' nine trus-

answer for the much or little explanation tees. ^Irs. R. C. Hammond was the first prin-

which he may make. AA'hen the teacher ob- cijial. She \\as succeeded b^• Samuel Lea,

serves the absence C)f any of the scholars at with ( irrin Hinds as assistant. The institu-

the school, he will notify their fathers, \\ho tion prosj^ered until 1859.

will give some satisfactory reason wh\- they The first common sclio(d was organized bv
were absent on that morning or afternoon; ^ committee of citizens in March, 185,1 and
and if they should be absent a second time, ^vas taught bv Rev. Horace Richardson. In
then he Avill notify the commissioner, who will y^ne of the same vear the committee opened
compel the fathers to send their children, with- another school in the Baptist Church and em-
out receiving any excuse or pretexts, partic- pk.ved Orrin Hinds as teacher,
ularly from the mothers, because they will all (jf those wdiom the discovery of gold
be frivolous, since the children have sufficient lirought to this coast, a large jjroportion were
time to do all that they are recpured to do. men 'of liberal education, many of them col-
Lastly, during the time m wdiiclrthe children iggians and fit to take the highest rank in the
are at school, their fathers will be exempt from various professions. P,v reason of their in-
bemg responsible to God for them, and the telligence and mental culture these men were
teacher will be the one who is thus resix.nsi- p^t to the front m public afifairs. Thev deter-
ble, as he will also, m consideration of his mined that the new state should have everv
pay. be responsible for the education and facibtv for popular education that could be
teaching of the holy dogmas of the religion; aft'orded. Legislation on the subject coni-
and the teacher is he who must be resjjonsi- nienced earlv and was characterized bv a spirit
ble to God, the parish priest, and to their an- ^^f Hberality which was met with enthusiasm
thority. ])y the people at large. .Vs a result of this
"It is also understood that the fathers are le'o-i.skition Santa Clara Countv was, in 1855,
obliged to examine their children at home as fij^jded into sixteen school districts. Having
to the advancement which they may make, ^ i^^.^^ number of educated men to draw upon
and to complain to the commissioner when j,-,^ a'supplv of teachers, the schools from the
they see no advancement, m order that he ^^^^^ became wonderfully efficient. The lib-

may remedy the matter, if necessary. As the

eral salaries paid teachers attracted the best

teacher is responsible in the divme ]M-esence educational talent from the older states, and
for the education and good examples of his almost from the beginning the ct.mmon
scholars, and as he must answer to the state schools of California toV.k rank with the ver\-

for the fulfillment of his obligations, he has

best in the Pinion. Especially was this the

the right to correct and punish his scholars ^ase in Santa Clara County, 'where the lib
with advice, warning and lashes, m ca,se of ^^^^ appropriations of the state were supple-
necessity; and particularly he ought to do it i^ented bv equally lil-)eral ones from the county
for any failure to learn the doctrine, for which t\,njs

he ought not to accept any excuse, nor to par- ^^ ^^^ g^^ ^^^^^^^

don anyone from punishment who tails to . . ,

learn it,' or who does not commit to memory From an interesting history of the San Jose

the lesson which may be given him." high school written by Judge Perley F. Gos-

212 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUN'LA^

lie}', himself a foriiier teacher and president the following: Reading, spelling, English

(if the board of education, the following ex- grammar, physical geogra])hy, arithmetic, al-

cerpts are taken: gebra, physiology, U. S. history, natural phil-

The first mention of a high school in the "sophy, bookkeeping, rhetoric and astronomy,

citv of San lose appears in the minutes of the There were then but two years m the high

1)oard of education under date of December school course, and in 1873 the first formal

12, 1865, when the superintendent of schools graduating exercises took place, diplomas be-

xvas instructed bv the board to purchase five ing awarded the graduates. In this class there

chairs for the use of the high school. At this were eight who received diplomas. 1 heir

time the public schools of 'the citv were held names were: Kate Tower, Mary Bowman,

in various parts of the citv, in small houses. J'elle Churchill, Frances Freeman, Rf. C. Har-

Thev were located in St. James Square, A'ash- ris, Angelo Hemlen, William Lucky and

ington Square, on Thirteenth Street, and on Charles Moore. In 18// the course of study

Market Street. There was also a one-room "'^--^ increased from t\v(-) to three years, and m

building. The school which gradually grew ^^^^ it ^^as extended to four years,
into and was finally named a high school, was In 18'-'7 a new school 1)uilding was erected

located on the Fourth Street side of A\'ash- on A\'ashington Square to meet the demands

ington Square, where the Normal grounds now and requirements which were so urgent at

are, and faced San Antunio Street. It con- that time. This was a three-story building,

sisted of one room, but there were no certifi- constructed of brick and stone, which was

cates of graduation or diplomas issued to those shaken down and demolished by the earth-

who completed the course of study. There <|uake of April 18, 1906. The destruction of

was another school, consisting of two rooms, the building made it necessary to accommo-

located in the secoiyl storv of a block on the date the high school in the Lincf>ln school

north sifle of Santa Clara Street, lietwecn Sec- Iniilding, which was done by holding half-day

ond and Third streets, in what was known as sessions for the grammar and primary school

■\rinor\- Hall and a half-dav session for the high school.

" The'earlv records sh,,w that the bnard of l'><>m f'";! after the destruction of the high

education was composed of six ineml>ers, who sch.,ol building ,n 1906 to the end ot the school

were elected from two districts. District No. year 190/ -08, work m the high school was ar-

1 was located in the southern part of the citv, "'"""« ^"'1 nnsatistactory, both on the part of

while District No. 2 ^vas in the n,,rthern part. ^''^ teachers and students, but by hard, per-

Kach .listrict elected three trustees. ^''^tent and patient labor, the school was kept

, , m.-- 11 1 1 1 r well together, and lor the vear r'0/-08 the

In anuarA", 1S6/, the xiart took the hrst , ^ A ■ ■ j-i i ■ * '* ti i i „

- , . . , , , ■ 1 largest class m the history ot the school was

steijs tor purcfiasm"- six ots on the nrirth side A j. i r ■<-

'. ,, ' ,,, ,,^ , ,,. , , Graduated trom it.

of Santa Clara Street, l)et\\'een Sixth and, ,,.,,. , , ,

Seventh streets, for the locati,m <,f a new Alter the high schoo building hadbeen

schoolhouse, and during that vear the mayor wrecked by the earthquake the board ot e<lu-

and comm,,n council, t.'.gether 'with the boar<l cation immediately began to make its plans

of education, purchased' tlie site an<l adopted '"[ building a better and more up-to-date high

plans for luiilding the Santa Clara Street sch.K.l to meet the clemand.s and needs of the

schoolhouse. which was subsequently called '""^.s. 1 hey resorted to a bond election and

the Horace Mann Scliool. This building was the citizens of San Jose by an overwhelming

occupied by both the high and grammar Y"te bonded the scho.-l district ot San Jose

sch.-)ols, and on August 18, 1868, the board of ''"" ^'^r^O'-'O '" ^^ '^-^t '^f'l*^ *V^lnnao '""

education prescribed the first course of study l^e building, and an additional $20,000 for

for the high school, which was as lollow.s': turmshmg an<l equipping said building as well

Wilson's Fifth Reader, Russell and Murdoch's ^'^ ^'Tymg out the grounds and sidewa ks. .Phe

Vocal Culture, Robinson's High Arithmetic, ''.'"■''"'' .^'V Pf/ticularly tortunate m the selec-

Robinson's Elementary .\lgebra, Korles'

tiou of Mr. F. S. Allen of Pasadena as archi-

Grammar, Warren's Physical (Geography, tect ot this new building. T he plans, arrange-

Onackenbote' Philosophy, '( )uackenl,os' His- '"'-'"t^ ^^"^^ equipment are very elaliorate and

torv L. S., Wilson's Large'r Speller, Cutler's complete, and the citizens of San Jose may

Anatomy Wood's Rotanv, Porter's Chemis- rightfully boast of now having one ot the

try Rof.inson's Elementary Geometry, Pay- ^est high schools m Calif,,rnia. (.)n Thursday,

s,m anrl Dutton's Bookkeeping. Tlie high J""^ 18, 1908, the first exercises were held m

school course of study was for two years. On the new building, when a class of one hundred

lanuary 17, 1870, the board of education au- students were graduated from the high school,

thorizecl the teaching of Latin in the high the exercises being held in the new auditorium,

school. In 1871 the board of education pre- During the summer months the finishing

scribed as a course of study for the high school touches were put upon the building; furni-

inSTOkV ol' SANTA CLARA CoUNTV 213

ttire. apparatus ami appliances were inslallnl, pruxidcd \\-ith reference reading' tables and

and cm the uiienini^- of the school in St']itt-ni- chairs. The 200 ceilint^ lamps are S(j arranj^'-ed

her, U108, there \\as a hnel)- e(|nip|)ed hi^T next to the arches as to shed a soft, Tnellow

schoiil for the education of the ho}'s and L;"irls li,L;iit toward the sta.L;"e, ])ermittin,L;- no li.tfht to

of the city of San Jose. shine directly in the eyes of the audience. The

Within the last decade the people of Call- 'l'""' "' this room, as well as of all the other

fornia have come to recoi;-ni/.e the e\iiedienc\- rooms in the first story, is a peculiar kind of

of perpetuatino' this early style of ,archilecture a.sphaltum ini])(-irted from Germany, and is

and to see in it man>- advanta,L;-es not found in Ij'iil ni""! a heavy concrete l>ase. It is water,

the types of construction re<|nisite in more se- *i''f •■i"<i A-erniin proof, is easier to walk upon

vere climates. Many hnihlino-s, hoth ]iuhlic than wood or concrete, and emhodies the hi^-h-

and pri\ate, are now'iiatterne<i after the ideas "^'^t points of sanitation. The rooms of the sec-

of the ^lission Fathers. This is iiarticularh" '""1 story are floored with polished Michigan

true of the public schools, which, with their bard' maple.

large rooms and the necessit\' of wide and ex- In the principal's office stands a large, esjie-

tensive passages, lend themscKes most admir- cially designed Frick master clock", wdiich au-

ably to this manner of building. tomaticalh' rings the bells for class changes

The San lose high school is jierhaps the '"^"f' operates the secondary clocks in tlie vari-

first high school building constructed on the "'"* rooms, aiiording synchronized time

universitv plan. It consists of five separate throughout all buildings. This clock auto-

and distinct buildings, s.-. t^Toujied and cmv "latically silences all Ijells from Fridav even-

neeted as to form one general wdiole. The '"S' until :\Ionday morning and controls the

administration building, with its massive t(Wv- current for charging the storage Ijattery from

ers, is the central feature; on either side are \vhich the energy is obtamed for operating the

the classical and science buildings; at the rear clocks and bells. The storage battery is

of these are the domestic science and manual charged from the 110-volt alternating lighting

arts buildings. Thev are all of the same type ^eryice by means of a Sirch rectifier, and is the

of architecture, with" rough cement plaster 'ex- ^^'St installation of this kind ever used for this

teriors and red tile roofs, and are connected pm-pose.

by three cloisters. One of these runs through This building, though only one story in
the towers between the east and \\-est en- height at first, was so pjlanned that a second
trances and is crossed by the other two which story was added, thus giying six additional
extend from the classical and science build- class rooms. It crintains the sewing and cook-
ings to the rear end of the .group. ]{ach of ing rooms, with their special furniture;
these two side cloisters leading to the side en- kitchen, pantry, storeroom, a .girls' dining-
trances of the assembly hall in the main build- room fitted with tables and chairs, a girls'
ing. The east cloister also passes an open locker room fitted with steel lockers, and toi-
court around wdiich are located the various lets, also a shower liath room witli. seven show--
departments of the manual arts building. ers and ten dressing rooms. The walls and

Beyond the front gateway is a patio' about ceilings of these rooms are all finished in white

150 feet square, with broad concrete walks enamel.

leading to the front buildings. The three great Besides numerous recitation rooms, the
arches between the towers form an entrance classical building contains the wximen teach-
to the main cloister, wdiich stretches aw-ay to ers' room, the girls' rest room and the offices
the right and left, nearly 150 feet in either of the principal. The two stairways are of re-
direction. From this cloister a stairway inforced concrete, wdiile the interior walls are
ascends to the offices of the department of ed- of steel studding, metal lath and plaster, thus
ucation in the west tower. The location of making the building practically fireproof,
these offices is so arranged that they in no However, at numerous places in the hallways
way connect with the high school proper. are located fire hydrants and a fifty-foot length

From the main entrance three large double of fire hose. They are connected with the ar-

doors open into the assembly room. This tesian well and an electric pump. All class

room is 112 feet in length and 97 feet in ex- rooms are provided with closets for books and

treme vyidth ; it has a slanting floor one-half ^^^j^^^ necessaries, while the special rooms have

its length and is capable of seating 1200 peo- , i - t^ .,„,i ,,+ ,■<>,- , ,,iv-

, . *= , . i _ , *= . ' r many supply closets and stoieiooins.

pie m opera chairs. It has seven pairs of ^,' , , . . , .^, ,

outside double doors, two exits from the ends The laboratories are equipped with chests

of the stage and one through the library con- of thirty-two small drawers for sundry sup-

necting on the right through a large archway, plies, and each instructors laboratory and the

Five hundred of the opera chairs have tablet principal's office has a sectional filing case for

arm rests for study purposes and the room is students' papers, letters, catalogues, etc.

214 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

The manual arts building is located in the school is a large two-story building, located
rear of the science l:)uilding, and, like the do- on the southwest corner of the square, east of
mestic science building, was at first one story the main Ijuilding, which is used for the com-
in height, but was raised an additional story, mercial department and the gymnasium,
adding nine more class rooms. It contains an P,esides the high school there are nine gram-
oiTice for the department, a bench and lathe mar schools in "San Jose. The buildings are
room for wood working, metal and machine practically all new, those not new having been
room for metal working, two recitation rooms modernized in every particular. Three-fourths
and a supply room; also the l^oys' locker and ,,f the school rooms of the city schools are
bicycle room, with toilets, and a shower bath ,,f convertilile open-air design, having open-
room with twelve showers and twenty dress- air windows from the floor to the ceiling on
ing rooms, which, like those of the girls' side, ,,ne side of the room and French doors en-
have their Avails and ceiHngs done in white closing the entire opposite wall of the room,
enamel. Here also is located a small office for Practically every elementary school owns the
the use of the school jiaper pul)lislied by the entire l)l('ick upon wdiich the school is situ-
student body, and a boys' lunch room with a ated. The lioard of education adds $10,000
long lunch counter running from end to end. worth of playgrounds into the department

The science lecture hall, the four science each year regularly. Teachers are selected ])y

class rooms, the large assembly hall and the an examination conducted b}- four principals

class rooms for historj' and English literature and the superintendent in the elementary

are all equipped with currents for lantern use; schools, and in the high school upon the rec-

the Avindows of these rooms are darkened with ommendation of the ])rincipal of the high

opaque black shades. school, the head of the department concerned,

In the principal's outer office is located the anfl the city superintendent of schools. The

central office of a modern telephone exchange maximum salary paid m the grades amounts

which connects with all rooms of the five to $1 ,560, and in the high school $1,900, with

Iniiklings and was the gift of the architect. $-.100 for elementary school supervisors and

There are also intercommunicating phones l)e- $2,400 for elementary principals,

tween the science de|)artment, stage and 1)oiler Physical education has been developed to a

room, that can he used wdien the central ex- considerable extent, ha\ing four teachers of

change is closed. ])hysical education in the high school and at

The electric plant which supplies liglits and least one teacher in each elementary school

the different kinds of power for pumps, fans, especially equipped to lead in this work,

air compressor and experimental work at the Thirty minutes have been added to the ele-

instructors' and students' tallies in the eight mentary school day in order to give sufficient

science lalioratories and science lecture hall, time to physical education. The high school

is believed to be one of the most complete of has a gymnasium and swimming pool, which

its kind ev»r built. The power is obtained are used by three thousand different students

from a 2300-volt alternating three-phase cur- each week, including day high school students

rent and runs from the street through an un- and evening high school students, and elemen-

derground iron conduit to a strictly fireproof tary pupils on Saturdays.

transff)rmer rcjom adjoining the boiler room. The schools have had medical examination

Here it passes through three large transform- for ten years, with a school physician and med-

ers and enters the house as 110 and 220-A'olt ical and dental clinic. The board of education

alternating and three-phase current. has purchased free eyeglasses for those who

The fireprorff boiler house. A\-ith white en- needed them, and in some cases it is furnish-

amel walls and ceilings, is located in the rear ing free milk for those suffering from malnu-

of the main building and contains tA\'o large trition. Clothes and shoes are furnished to

oil-l)urning lioilers tliat supply steam through those who need them in order that they may

an eight-inch main to the 8.000 feet of steam attend school. Stammering and stuttering

coils that stand in front of the two great steel jnipils are given special attention. Cafeterias

ventilating fans, which liy the aid of two ten- are operated in the high school and in one ele-

horse electric motors, supply tlie l)uildings mentary school.

AA'ith nearly 4,000,000 cubic feet of moderately There is a kindergarten in each elementary

heated fresh air per hour. There are o\ er 500 school, and in 1921 there was added an extra

feet of electric lighted cimcrete air tunnels kindergarten in each school where foreign

leading away from the fans. The ventilating children predominate. The school system has

of the toilet rooms, shower batji rooms and a school lil^-arian ccmducting her work along

chemical laboratory is independent of the main the lines adopted by the county librarian,

system. Practical education is carried on to a consider-

One of the late im]>rovements to the high aide extent ])oth in the grades and the day

HlS'r()R^■ Ol' SANTA CI.ARA COL'N'rV

215

and e\eniiig- hii^h scluuils. .\lHmt (inc-hall' of
the teachers engat^ed in this hne nf work come
from the trades, and the other half are school
men and women prepareil to do this work.
Thirty-three hundred and ninety-six students
were enrolled in the evenintj high school in
1921 with an averag'e night attendance of 700.
This work will be nearly doubled for the com-
mg- year, according to present plans. In the
classes of Americanization the foreign-born
purchased $65,000 of lionds and thrift stamps,
wdiich was, on the average, more than the reg-
ular American citizen purchased. Sixty-two
of the foreign-born of this class entered the
army, not because they were drafted, but be-
cause of a desire to fight for American ideals.
There are twelve teachers, Airs. Nellie Chope
is principal.

The school department on March 9, 1820,
submitted to the voters a proposition to Ixmd
the city for $400,000 for high schot)! purposes
and $300,000 for the elementary schools. The
bond issue was carried li}" a se\ en-to-one vote.
It was necessitated by the fact that the board
of education desired to largely extend tech-
nical and physical education, and because the
number of pupils had increased from ,^639 to
9557 during the past twelve years, while the
number of teachers had increased from 116
to 251.

Twent^'-li^ e large class rooms, a studv hall
and eight immense concrete shops were built
at the high school in 1921, while a whole square
block was purchased for playground pttrposes.
The following lines of work are taught in the
Polytechnic high school, which occupies half a
block on San Fernando Street bet\\-een v^ev-
enth and Eighth : Woodwork, electrical work,
auto construction and repairing, carpentry and
building, lumber and planing-mill work, sheet
metal work, and oxygen and acetylene welding
and cutting. At each elementary school a
large addition, comprising in most cases eight
rooms, has been built. Over $100,000 worth
of elementary school playground have been
added. Lunch rooms and indoor gymnasiums
have been provided at each school. All new
rooms that have been btiilt are convertible
open air in type.

The appraised value of the high schoid ]>lant
in the spring of 1920 was $600,000. The ex-
penditure of the $400,000 raised by bond issue
increased the valuation to $1,000,000. The
grammar schof>l buildings and lands are ^■al-
ued at $736,000.

The average high school attendance in 1922
was 1934. R. B. Leland is the principal.
There are twenty-four regular and thirty-five
special teachers. The grammar school, kin-
dergarten and special teachers number 168.

Following are the names of the city super-
intendents of schools since 1860: R. P.

Thompson, Rev. L. Hamilton, W. Tonner, D.
S. Payne, W. C. Hart, J. M. Littlefield, Chas.
Silent, W. P.. Hardy, E. A. Clark, J. O. Haw-
kins, L. J. Chipman, |. G. Kennedy, J. B.
Finch, A. W. Oliver, J. G Kennedy, L. F. Cur-
tis, F. P. Russell, A. E. Shumate, Alex, Sher-
iffs, W. L. Bachrodt.

The State Teachers' College

The State Normal School, now the State
Teachers' College, was established by an act
of the Legislature, May 2, 1862. It was lo-
cated in San Francisco and opened its doors
with thirty-one pupils. Its usefulness in
providing efficient teachers for the public
schools of the state was at once recognized,
and in 1876 an appropriation was made for
the erection of suitable buildings. One of the
most memorable battles ever witnessed in the
legislation of the state took place (m the ques-
tion of selecting a location for this institution.
Xearlv e\erv county in the state off'ered a site
and some of them large subsidies in money.
San Jose offered Washington Square, contain-
ing twenty-five acres, for the use of the state,
and the offer was accepted. A large and fine
\vooden l^uilding was erected under the super-
intendency of Theodore Lenzen, the architect.
This building, with all its contents, including
furniture, library, apparatus, museum and
charts, ^^•as Ijurned to the ground, Feliruary
11, 1880. The Legislature was then in ses-
sion and a bill was immediately introduced
lor an appropriation to rebuild, the school in
the meantime occupying rooms in the high
school building. An effort was made to change
the location of the institution and the fight of
1870 was renewed. But San Jose was again
successful and an appropriation was made
with which another and stronger building was
constructed. This building was used until
the earthquake of 1906, when it was so greatly
damaged that its demolition became a ne-
cessity.

The new Iniilding was completed in 1910.
It is situated on the Fourth Street side of the
Normal campus, \\-ith its entrance opposite
San Antonio Street. The structure is two-
storied and is laid out in the form of a quadran-
gle. The building is an adaptation of the Mis-
sion style of architecture and is made of re-
inforced concrete, co^'ered with gray plaster,
trimmed with brick and roofed with red tile.
The quadrangle, whose extreme length is over
400 feet and whose extreme width is about
250 feet, is composed of three main di\'isions,
united by continuous open arcades, an upper
and a lower. To the right, on the approach
from the gates, is the science wing of the
budding: to the left is the library. The two
sides of the quadrangle are connected at the
rear by the administration building, and in

216 HIST()RY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

front Ijy a sin[;-le arcade, (ipen un Ijoth sides, grew frdin a small number of liooks to a col-

In the center (jf this are three arches, a little lection of o\er 18,000. She was succeeded by

higher than those of the rest of the arcade, Helen Evans, whose competency was quickly

which form th.e entrance to the Ijuilding. recognized. The arrangement of books in the

Passing under the central arch, one enters library is known as classification. There are
the great" court. On either side rise the cen- muny kinds, but here the decimal classification
tral'arches of the upper and lower arcades, "i Melvil Dewey is used. This classification
The latter are plain concrete archwa^-s, Avhile 'bvides all kn.wvledge into ten parts— general
the former arc supj.orted by pillars of stained "'"i"k. philosophy, religion, sociology, mclud-
Oregon pine. Directly in front, a little to the in.^"" economics, education, etc.: philology, nat-
left of the entrance to'the administration build- "nil science, useful arts, including agriculture,
ing, rises a tall Gothic tower. The lower iloor domestic science, etc.: fine arts, literature,
is "a locker room for the girl students, while history, including geography, travel and biog-
the up])er is occupied Ijy the jireceptress. raphy. .Vll books of the history of San Jose
AA'here the library wing meets the adminis- ^re found together on the shelves. There is
tration building is a large ro,,m de\-oted to a collection of standard books for children and
the first and second grades of the Training also a department for the Training school.
scho()l. Abo\e the hllrar^" are large reception .Vnother noteworthy department is the kin-
rooms and special roc)ms of \'arious kinds. In dergarten, directed fiy Miss Lsfiel ( ). Macken-
the center is one of the most beautiful rooms zie. It jirejiares teachers for the kindergarten
in the building. It has great arched \vindows and first grade. The rooms are located in the
wdiich, on the n("irth side, fcirm a bav. This is e.xtreme south end of the main liuilding, af-
the music rr)r)in. Then there are the societ^• fording a southeasterly exjjosure. Plenty of
rooms and the drawing rooms. In the science light, air and sunshine make an attracti\-e and
wing are recitation and lecture rooms, with -wdiolesome setting for the ftftv or more little
seats arranged in tiers. < )n the lower flo(]r is ones ^vho spend three and a half hours of their
the kindergarten. In the basement are en- dnx here, to afliord the would-be teachers an
gine rooms and store rooms. i")pprirtunit}' for practice teaching. The furni-

As adjuncts of the teaching departments ture and decorations conform to sanitary

are the Short Story Chili, organized in 1904 standards. Growing plants and flowers ar-

by Dr. Henry Meade Bland: the Men's Club, ranged and cared f<jr biy the children give a

the Psychology Round Table, the Art Club, standard to the students which is worthy of

the Dailean Society, the Mandolin Club, the being emulated by the kindergartens of the

Newman Club, the'Y. W. C. A. and the Ras- state. The magnificent school grounds,

ket Ball Association, Sappho Club, Athenian planned in 1870, seemed to have been designed

Socitety. Eurosophian Society, and Browning by men of yision for the future generations of

Club. Basket liall and tennis courts are on children. The kindergarten teachers, as well

the campus. as the students, gather under the trees for

The Training school has a faculty including recreation and work. Another kindergarten is

eight department supervisors, four' assistants. ^" experimental school of the most approved

librarian and special supervision of domestic type and is conducted m a building of its own.

science and penmanship. About 600 children ""'as stoves and dinmg room equipment in one

are in attendance. In addition to the regular "*" ^he rooms .give opportunity for the re-hvmg

subjects there are classes in typcAvriting, ^.f home activities. Social instincts are

printing, home problems, household science stressed throu.gh self-organized groups in the

and decoration, cooking, sewing, manual train- arrangement of the luncheon and through the

ing, physical training,' including folk dancing cooperative work done in the various com-

and military drill, and primary handwork. munity problems. The large materials afford

Classes in the violin and piano give children opportunity for the physical and social devel-

further opportunities, and the Training school opment of the child. Individuality is expressed

orchestra adds its part. A minimum of one '" ^he choice of materials. The Stanford-

year's teaching of one period a da}- is rec|uired

Riinet tests arc given to obtain the mental age

of all except experienced teacher.s and univer- "f the child, and daily charts are kept on file
sity graduates. The minimum for exjierienced f"i" each child. Concentration and initiative
teachers is one term of twelve weeks, and for are emidiasized at all times. In Miss Mac-
university students, two terms. kenzie, a teacher of long e.xperience and broad
One of the important departments of the sympathy and understanding the kindergarten
Normal School is the library, which for the has as (lirector one of the ablest in the State
most part was the wrirk of ?\fiss Ruth Ro}'ce, "' *- alifornia.

who for thirty-five \ears was the librarian. The state branch school has as ]5resident

leaving f)ffice in 1918. In her hands the library Dr. William West Kemp, wdio assumed of-

11IST()R\' ()!•' SANTA OI.AKA C' )VX'V\

\7

fice on Julv 1, I'^-'O. Me succceilod l)i-. Mnr-
ris Elmer Dail>', who ilied July 3, Ull'*, after
ha\ ing" ser\ eil as jiresident \or nineteen \ears.
Between July, l^U', and July, ' 1920, L. 1'..
Wilson, the \ice-president, acted as president
pro tern. A tenlporar^• assemlih' and gN'ni-
nasinni and a cafeteria are aniony tlie lati-st
improvements. 'I'he course of stud}- em1)races
everything;- necessary for the instruction nf
students who desire to lie teachers. It eni-
hraees, art, mathematics, music, Kmdish,
physical training, histor}', hookkeeping, Imn.st'-
hold arts, kindergarten, drawing, agriculture,
geography, zoology, physinlogy. industrial
arts, expression, psvchohigv. civics, pcttery
and manual arts. The teaching fiirce nundiers
sixtv-six. The axerage attendance of students
for the year IQIQ and 1^20 Avas 500.

The conversion of the Normal School into
a State Teachers' College took place in 1921.
The first term in October showed an attend-
ance of 800. the largest of any similar institu-
tion in the state. The institution haxing at-
tained college status oi?ers in addition to the
regular courses, junior college courses. Plans
for a new building have been adopted and the
conditions for the hoine economics and manual
arts departments will soon be bettered. The
last named department will havre courses in
auto construction and repair, electrical wiring,
plumbing, tinning, machine shop practice,
foundry work, pattern making, cabinet mak-
ing, carpentering, printing and mechanical
drawing. The new building will face Seventh
Street.

College of Notre Dame

The massive buildings and beautiful grounds
of the College of Xotre Dame, standing in the
heart of vSan Jose, in no Ava}- indicates the
small beginning from wdiich they sprung. In
IS-M a band of devout Sisters established a
mission school in the Willamette A^allev. Ore-
gon. In 1851 other Sisters of the order start-
ed from Cincinnati to join in the work on the
Willamette. Thev Avere to come b^' waj' of
the Isthmus and Sister Lo3'ola of Nouvain
and Sister iJary of Nismes, came down from
Oregon to San b'rancisco to meet them. Find-
ing they v.'ould be cfjmpelled to wait some
lime for the arrival of the vessel from Panama,
these Sisters accepted the hospitality of Mar-
tin Murph}-. of Mfiuntain View. They looked
through the vallev rif Santa Clara and \vere
charmed with its natural beauties and ad-
vantages. At this time Father Nobili was lay-
ing the foundations of Santa Clara College.
He suggested that the Sisters establish an edu-
cational institution in San Jose and the sug-
gestion was supplemented by the urgent en-
treaty of Martin Murphy and other citizens.
The Sisters were easily persuaded. They

chiisc the present site fur theii' Imilding, pur-
chasing at first a tract nf ground 101 -i^ by
l.v'j feet. 'I'here was nn Santa Clara Street
then and no ini])r(i\cments near the tract. San
Jose had but t\\'ent\--si.\- houses andi they were
neaid)- all on Market Street or further east.
The ground was grown up w\\\\ mustard and
weeds, through \\diich an ;icef|uia, or water
ditch, flowed sluggishl)'. lla\'ing made their
choice of location the vSisters did not dela)-
their \\'ork. ^,(t\\ Goodrich, the architect, was
emploA-e<l, and in Au.gust, 18.^1, the school was
in operati("in. From this small beginning has
arisen one of the great Catholic educational in-
stitutions in the L'nited States. Th.c founda-
tions for the present main liuilding' were laid in
1854. Air. Kerwin was the architect, but hai.--
ing buildings under his direction in course (if
construction in other jilaces, awis not al)le to
giA'e proper attention to the San Jcise build-
ing. In consequence the chajiel Aving- of the
structure would ha\-e been a failure, had not
Sister Lovola come to the rescue, and as archi-
tect and overseer, calculated all the details.
In 1S55 the college was incor]iorated Iiy the
State Le.gislature and subsequently the same
bodA' so extended the original charter as to
confer all the ri.ghts and iiri\'ileges of C(t1-
legiate institutions in the United States. In
1862-63 the main building and the eastern
wing were comjileted. The latter runs bad:
to a depth of 250 feet. The west ^^■ing is 10.^
feet deep.

In 1866 Levi Cioodrich erected tlie select
school. In 1869 Theodore Lenzen continued
the building and in 1876 Mr. Readney made
the last addition and erected the clav schr)ol.
In 1900 the secondar\- department vras accred-
ited to the UniA-ersity of California, which
privilege entitles its certified graduates to ad-
mission without matriculation examinations,
to the State and Stanford Universities, to any
W^estern college and to the State Normal
schools.

The grounds of the eolle.ge are spacious,
artistically laid out and ornamented by choice
shade trees, shrubbery, flowers and lawns. It
is generally conceded that the college offers
ideal conditions to the earnest student and is
a paradise of opportunities for the lover of
nature. The calm atmosphere in which the
students dwell, in the midst of beautiful en-
vircinment, the harmony of regularly recurring-
duties, the beaut}' and sublimit}' of the liturg-
ical year, all are potent factors in deepening,
rounding and refining character.

The aim of the college is that of Christian
education, as understood by the Catholic
Church, not only in intellectual but in moral
development. W'hile maintaining a high stand-
ard of study, the formation of character is the
main object of the teaching given.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

The ciilleg-e has a farm house and orchard
on the Los Gatos road. Thus suppHes of
e?;ss, vesjetahles and frnit, are daily avaiL
a1)Ie. Notre Dame Yilla, a charming estate,
comprising 100 acres on the picturesque hills
of Saratoga, adds a delightful recreation re-
sort, health factor and natural hotanical gar-
den, to the resources of the college.

The health of the students is an object of
constant solicitude. Plain and wh()lesome fare,
beautiful and extensive grounds, \vhich af-
ford opportunity for frequent exercise, fre-
quent \valks and excursions to points of inter-
est— all conduce to develop and preserve
health and strength. The students are also
pro\'ided vdth out-door games, including ten-
nis, basketball, volleyball and other athletic
amusements. Daily open air drills in ph)-sical
culture are gi\en, and no student is relieved
from physical trainitig unless by written re-
quest from her physician. In case of sickness
the students are gi\'en the best medical at-
tendance and care in well-kei^t infirmaries.

To \ve!l-eiiuipped buildings, laboratories, li-
braries, etc., the college adds the advantages
accruing from ojiportunities to hear lectures
in literary and scientific subjects by notable
lecturers, as \vell as season concerts b)- world-
famous artists. For class instruction and reci-
tation the stereopticon and the baloptic(m are
employed \\'ith most satisfactory results. As
before ncited the estate at Saratoga offers in-
\aluable opportunities for field work in the
natural sciences. Fxcursions of this nature
are likewise made to points of scientific in-
terest in the valle}-.

The government is mild but firm, as the
happiness and mental development of the
students are closely connected with good or-
der. As the Catholic religion is prcjfessed by
the members of the college, the exercises of
religious worship are Catholic, but students
of auA' denomination are admitted, pro\'id-
ed the}' are willing to conform to the general
regulaticins of the school.

The instituticjn embraces the folkjwing de-
partments : The Collegiate, consisting of the
College of Letters and Social Science and the
College of Music; the Secondary, including
four years of work preparatory to the Col-
legiate course. Graduating honors are award-
ed to students completing the work of this
department; the Preparatory, including the
work of the grades. Students completing this
department receive certificates ; the Commer-
cial department includes thorough courses in
bookkeeping, commercial law, C(jmmercial
arithmetic and correspondence, typewriting,
stenography and stenotypy ; diplomas are
awarded.

The Ncitre Dame College of Music — a de-

partment of the college — has, from its com-
mencement up to the present time, maintained
the highest standard of effort in this special
educational field. The most distinguished art-
ists of the season for concerts in the commo-
dious Notre Dame Hall, are secured yearly.

College of the Pacific

The College of the Pacific is the oldest in-
corporated educational institution in Califor-
nia. It was granted a charter b}- the Supreme
Court July 10, 1851, under the name of the
"California Wesleyan College." The board
of trustees at its first meeting, August 15,
1851, voted to change the name to "The Uni-
\ersity of the Pacific," and the Legislature
sanctioned the change in a new charter granted
Alarch 29, 1852. The institution was known
b_v this name until Jnly 24, 1911, when, in ac-
cordance with the changes in its plans and pur-
poses, the name was again changed by court
proceedings to the College of the Pacific.
Until 1871, when it was removed to its pres-
ent site, the University of the Pacific was lo-
cated in Santa Clara.

In the late '50s the LTniversity founded the
first medical school in the state. This was
afterwards incorporated as the Cooper Med-
ical School of San Francisco. The school,
was later acquired b}- the trustees of the Le-
land Stanford Jr. University and now forms
its medical de[)artment. In 1896 Na])a Col-
lege, situated at Napa, Cal., \\-as consolidated
\\'ith the Uni\ersity of the Pacific and its grad-
uates are now enrolled among the ahunni of
the C(dlegc of the Pacific.

The college was founded upon coeduca-
tional ])rinciples and women are admitted on
])recisely the same footing as men. In equip-
ment and teaching force the colle.ge is pre-
])ared to give thorough instruction of colle-
giate grade, to maintain high standards of
sch(jlarship, and in e\-ery way to carry out its
aim to be a college of first rank, limited in its
attendance to 500 students. It is located at
College I'ark, a suburb of San Jose, on the
main line of the Southern Pacific Railway and
about ten minutes' ride by electric car from
either ,San Jose or Santa Clara. The campus
is two blocks from the old Mission road, the
-Vlameda, now a part of the State Highway
between San Francisco and Lc)S Angeles, one
of the most fieautiful residence avenues in the
state.

The beauty and fertility of the famous Santa
Clara X'alley, with its invigorating climate,
gi\e the surroundings of the college a pleas-
ing and attracti\e aspect. The campus com-
mands a view of both the Santa Cruz and Mt.
Diablo ranges, which lie on ether side of the
\alley. Twenty-eight miles away is Mt. Ham-

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

219

ikon, on the summit of which, reached by one
of the finest and most i)ictures(|ue drives in
the state, stands Lick Observatory.

In the spring- oi V>\0 the college trustees
purchased a tract of seven acres on the Ala-
meda, two Iilocks distant from the old cam]nis.
Additional land, adjacent to this property, was
later acquired. The president's home is now
located on the new campus. Plans have lieen
made to erect additional liuildings there as
need mav recpiire.

There are seven buildings on the college
grounds. East Hall is a three-story brick
building. The east wing of the third iloor is
used as a dormitor)- for men. The remainder
of the building contains class rooms, lal)ora-
tories and library. South Hall was once used
entirely as a dormitory for women. 0\\'ing to
the growing needs of the conservatory, it is
now partiall}- adapted for the use of conser\a-
tory teachers and students. The Conservatory
of Music is a large and well-appointed build-
ing erected in 1891. It contains an auditorium
with a seating capacity- of 1.000, the offices
of administration, teaching and practice
rt)oms. and also the well-situated and pleas-
ingly furnished rooms of the two of the wom-
en's literary societies, Emendia and Sopho-
lectia. Helen Guth Hall is a beautiful dormi-
tory for women. The building is modern, well
equipped and furnished, and pro\'ides a C(.)m-
fortable home for the women living on the
campus. The gymnasium is constructed in the
same style of architecture as the dormitor}- for
women. It is situated in a eucalyptus grove
and has a floor of standard size for athletic
contests. It has well-appointed rooms and
shower baths and is fully equipped for phys-
ical training work. It also has an excellent
stage for student productions. The Jackson-
Goostall Observatory houses the astronomical
instruments, the college safety vault and the
office of the Pacific Ji'eekly. Seaton Hall is a
new building erected in 1915 to replace Cen-
tral Hall, which was destroyed by tire. It con-
tains the kitchen, an attractive dining room,
and a spacious and beautiful social room for
the use of all the students. The president's
house is a fine structure on the Alameda at
Emory Street.

The equipment is up-to-date and extensive.
The burning of West Hall in June. 1914, de-
stroyed practically the entire library of the
college. But the insurance funds, supplemented
by additional appropriations and generous
gifts from many friends, have furnished the
college with a new and up-to-date library. It
contains over 9,000 volumes and valuable ac-
cessions are being constantly received. It is
now housed in the second floor of East Hall.

The entire ground flofir of East Hall is oc-
cupied by the science departments. The phys-
ics laboratory occupies a well-lighted room
litted with necessary tables, and furnished
with gas and electricity. There is a good
equipment in mechanics, heat, electricity,
light, and sound for the general course in ex-
perimental physics. The chemical laborato-
ries ha\-e been rearranged and considerably
enlarged. The fume hoods have been re-
placed by a commodious outdoor laboratory
having long tables furnished with gas and
water. There are three laboratories, a balance
room, a store ro()m and a dark room. The
biological laboratories are provided with the
most modern student equipment to be ob-
tained and are ])articularly well lf)cated for
ready access to fresh and living material in
great Aariety and abundance. The geological
lal)oratories are well equipped. They offer
for study a collection of fossils, a complete set
of the Ward series of casts, and a good supply
of minerals, rocks, topographic maps, and lan-
tern slides.

The (Jbser\'atorv is furnished with a six-
inch equatorial telescope, a four-inch portable
telescope with altitude and asimuth mounting,
a transit and zenith telescope, sextants, and
other necessary equipment. The six-inch tele-
scope was manufactured by Alvan Clark &
Sons, and is furnished with all necessary ac-
cessories, such as a dri\'ing clock, finely di-
^'ided circles, filar micrometer. The transit
and zenith telescope, manufactured by Messrs.
Fauth & Company, is of the pattern exten-
si\'ely used on the U. S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey. These instruments afford ample fa-
cilities for the study of practical astronomy.

During the summer of 1910, a new pipe or-
gan of exceptionally fine concert type, of three
manuals, with all the latest improved mechan-
ical attachments and combinations, was built
for the Conservator}' of Music by the W. W.
Kimball Company of Chicago. It is the larg-
est pijie organ in anv Conservatory of Music
\\'est of Chicago and one of the largest pipe
organs in California. To meet the needs of
the increasing pipe organ classes, a two man-
ual pipe organ, formerly belonging to the First
Methodist Church in San Jose, and given to
the college by that church, was entirely re-
Ijuilt, and is installed in the College Park
Church adjacent to the campus.

The college stands for moral culture and
the growth of character. Its government rests
upon the principle that self-control is the cen-
tral power in a highh' developed life. Rules
are few and simple and are designed to protect
and assist the students in making the most of
their college life. The social life of the col-
lege is pleasant and helpful. Friendship is

220

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUN'JA^

fostered between the faculty and the students.
In general the students are gi\'en such free-
dom as will not interfere with their class work
or allow them to lose sio;ht of the fact that the
primary object of attendino- college is studv.

Students are admitted to the college with-
out condition as to religious fxdiet or church
membership. Hut all patrons, whatever their
views Concerning religious doctrines and social
usages, are expected to recognize the spirit
and purpose of the college as indicated in its
histor}-, and to cooperate in promoting its en-
deavors in the field of education. Unless ex-
cused for good reasons, students are required
to attend assembly exercises, not cmlv because
these exercises consider the spiritual needs of
the college communit}', l.nit also liecause they
conser\-e the unit}' of student life, and gi\'e an
opportimit}- for announcing college events and
promoting college interests. Students are ex-
pected to attend church at least once each
Sunday and t<i observe the day in a projjcr
manner.

The courses of instruction include ancient
languages. ])hilosophy, history, religion, poet-
rv, astr()nomv, biologv, zoology, ph^'siology,
botany, emliryology, neurology, bacteriology,
chemistry, assaying, economics, geography,
commerce, psychology, pedagog}-, engineer-
ing and applied mathematics, geometry, Eng-
lish, Germai'i. French, geolog}", graphic arts,
music, physics, public speaking, C)ld Testa-
ment history, Spanish and lectures.

An adjunct of the college is the College
Park Acadein}', J. W'illiam Fl arris, principal, a
preparatory' or high school dei)artment of the
college. It fits for college entrance in the
classical, scientific and engineering depart-
ments.

The number (jf students, accredited to the
college in 1922 is as follows: College of Lib-
eral Arts, 350; Conservatory of Music, 173;
School of Art, 41; School of Expression,, 52;
Academy, 7i\ repeated names, 211. Tullv
Cleon Knoles. A. ^1., D. D., is the i)resident of
the college and under him are forty-five
instructors.

In 1921 an offer from Stockton for the re-
moval of the College to that city was accepted.
It \x\\\ be some time, however, before the new
buildings for the College can be erected.

Other Institutions

Prior to the earthf|uake of April 18, 1906,
vSt. Joseph's grammar school was maintainerl
in a building at the rear of St. Joseph's
Church on the northeast corner of Alarket and
San Fernando Streets. Thu 'rjuake did such
damage to the building that a remo^'al to an-
other place became necessary. A site was pur-
chased at the northeast corner of Park Ave-
nue and Vine Street, the grounds running to
the corner of Locust Street. (Jn the tract two
large buildings, one fcjr ])ovs and one for girls,
were erected. The schocd is now conducted
by the P)rothers of St. Mary and Re^•. Father
Adam. S. M., is in charge as principal. In ad-
dition to the regular high scho(4l and gram-
mar courses, with their moral and religious
influences, there are fine ])laygrounds. two
moving ])icture outfits, a wireless SA'stem of
telegraphy and a spacious auditorium. It is
the intention to pro\ide in the near future a
wireless telephone station. There are fifteen
rooms in each school \vith laboratories, dor-
mitories, etc. The pupils of both schools
number 700. In the girls' grammar school
the eighth grade graduates are entitled to ad-
mission to the College of Notre Dame.

The Church of the Floly Family (Catholic)
maintains a conxent at 136 Vine vStreet. Here
the Italian contingent finfl everything neces-
sary for religious and scholastic work.

In the matter of private schools San Jose
is provided with Heald's P.usiness College, the
Garden Cit}' Business College, several Con-
servatories of Music, the International Corre-
spondence School, and many small schools of
music, dancing, elocution and dramatic ex-
pression. There are ninety-one public schools
in the county, outside of San Jose. Miss
Agnes Howe is the County Superintendent.

CHAPTER XXII.

The Public Utilities of San Jose — The Early Service of the Gas and Electric
Companies — The San Jose Water Company and Its Sure and Steady Pro-
gress— The Street Railways In and Out of the City — The Post Office.

In 1860 San Jose was large enoui;]! to war-
rant the introdiictiiin of illuinitiatint; ,t;as. On
October 6 of that }'ear James K. Pritir,
Thomas Anderson and James Ha,^■an formed
the San Jose Gas Company. This corporation
had a capital stock of $21,000 and the period
of existence «as fixed at forty years from
the date c>f the tiling- of the certificate. Gas
was first lig-hted in the cit}" on January 21.
IS61. It was supplied to eig'ht\'-four custom-
ers. There were seven street lights. The
price of gas \\-as ten dollars per 1000 culiic
feet. The sales of gas for tlie first }-ear
amounted to 165.000 culiic feet. Railroad com-
munication between San Francisco and San
fose was not established until 1864. Before
that date coal \\as 1>ronght to .VKiso in sailing-
vessels or in liarges and from .Vh'iso landing
tci San Jose, a distance of nine miles, over
roads which were in liad condition at all seas-
ons of the }'ear and during wet \veather were
impassalile o\\'ing- to the overflow of streams
\\-hich enter the l-)a}' at or near .VUiso. Dur-
ing the periods of overflow the coal used for
gas making was carried from Ahiso on pack
mules. It is recorded that often these mules
with their Inirden of coal would be swept
awa^• hv the tt)rrent ^\■hile fording some
stream and both mule and coal lost beyond
recovery. So there is pro1)al)l}- (piite a de-
posit of coal and mules somewhere in the
Alviso flats.

The first gas holder built in San Jose
had a capacity of 8000 cubic feet. The mater-
ial used in the construction of its tank was
redwood planks three inches thick. This gas
holder was in continuous use for twenty-eight
years, \\nien torn out in 1888 the redwood
tank was found to be in as good condition as
when it was built. Some of these very red-
wood planks were used in the construction of
buildings about the gas works.

In 1865 a special committee of the city
council made an investigation of the business
and profits of the San Jose Gas Company. The
report showed that the original investment in
1860 was $21,000; that during the first five
years of its existence the total e.xpenditure for
betterments, materials and labor was $5,3,637.-
93; that the receipts from gas sales during
that period amounted to $75,617; that the
founders of the Company had divided in divi-

dends $19,979.52, or about the ef|uivalent of
the original investment. Amended certificate
of the inccjrporation of the San Jose (",as Cinn-
pany was filed Februar\' 25, 1879. The cap-
ital'stock was increased to $600,000, divided
into 6000 shares of $10 each. The company
had no liabilities.

On February 25, 1882, the San Jose Ilrush
Flectric Light Compan\- was organized.
Term, fifty years; capital stock, $100,000.
Directors, James .\. Cla\'ton, Pedro de Saisset,
Thomas Rea, T. S. A\'hipple. vSan Jose; (.ico.
H. Roe. San Francisco.

The articles of incorporation of the San
Jose Brush Electric Light Company were
amended May 16, 1887. Power was given to
purchase, lease and sell lands, tenen-ients and
hereditaments.

The incorporation of the Electric Improve-
n-ient Compan)- took place on March 30, 1887.
Place of lousiness, San Francisco; capital
stock, $5,000,000, divided into 50,000 shares of
$100 each. Directors, Frank Butterworth,
August J. Bowie, Jr., Louis T. Flaggin, San
Francisco; AA\ PI. Howard, San ^lateo ; Fred-
eric Sharon, Behnont ; Plenry C. Dreger. .\s
an offshoot of the allo^■e named company, the
Electric lmpro\ement Company of San Jose
■was incorporated, March 29, 1889, with a cap-
ital stock of $100,000, divided into 5000 shares
of $20 each. The ■ directors were C. W. Mc-
Afie, T. C. Van Xess, .A.. J. Bowie, San Fran-
cisco ; and H. J. Edwards and James A\'. Rea.
of San Jose.

1d-ie San Jose Li.g-ht & Power Company
\\-as incorporated June 20, 1889. Term, fifty
vears; capital stock, $1,000,000, divided into
10,000 shares of $100 each. Directors, Chas.
Otter, H. H. Kooser, E. W. Clayton, Chas. A.
Hagan, Pt. J. Edwards, C. T, Ryland, Amasa
Eaton.

The San Jose Lighting Companv was incor-
porated June 3, 18'-)5. Term, fiftv ^'ears ; cap-
ital stock, $250,000. Directors, Chas. F. Wil-
cox, Joseph R. Patton, W. H. Sumner. R. L.
Stock and J. J. Sontheimer. On Fel)ruary 1,
1904, the place of l;>usiness was changerl from
San Jose to San Francisco.

July 1, 1902, the Electric Improvement Com-
pany and the San Jose Light and Power Com-
pany were accjuired by Ihe United Gas and
Electric Company. In merging- these two

222 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA C(3UNTY

companies, a lease of the building on IVlarket growing wants of the comniunit}-, therefore

Street, formerly occupied by the Evening the right to use the water of Los Gatos Creek

Herald. \\'as acf|uired. There was also a con- was obtained. A new company was formed

centration of all the gas interests of the ne\v in 1868 with the capital increased to $300,000.

corporation on San Augustin Street on the The officers were; N. H. A. Mason, president;

former site of the San Jose Li.ght and Power D. Mackenzie, vice-president; \V. B. Rankin,

Company. At that time the intention was to secretary; C. X. Hobbs, superintendent, and

build a high-pressure jMpe line up the penin- E. McLaughlin, treasurer.

sula as far as San Mateo, 1)ut the project was On the formation of the ne^\' company, work

ne^ er undertaken. to bring the waters of Los Catos Creek to San

Many names familiar to the gas men of the Jose was begun. Reservoirs were made and

Pacific" slope were connected with the busi- pipes laid throughout the city, thus affording,

ness of gas lighting in San Jose. The late for those times, a generous su])ply of water.

Chas. AV. QuiUy, who was the second vice- Since that time other water rights have been

]5resi(lent <(f the Pacific Coast Gas Association, accjuired.

was for many years president of th.e San Jose The ecjuipment consists of the water from

Light and Power Cijinpany ; and the late Los Gatos Creek and its tributaries, and

Harry J. Edwards, affectionately spoken of Camp1:>ell Creek, besides a number of reser-

h\ his friends as "genial Harry Edwards," ^■oirs, and is placed in divisions. The main

was intimately connected with the lighting in- surface supply of Los Gatos Creek is used for

terests of San Rise almost from the inception the San Jose division. The Los Gatos town

of the l:)usiness. He was the manager of the system derives its main surface supply from

Electric Improvement Conipan}' and after- Beardsle)- Creek and Cavanagh Creek. The

wards manager of the LTnited Gas and Im- Saratoga system depends on the high-line

provement Compan}-, and the district manager S}'stem operating on the hill sides between

of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company until Los Gatos and Saratoga. In case of enier-

his death in 1909. James K. Prior remained in gency Saratoga can draw on lieckwith vSprings

the gas business in San Jose until March, fc)r surface supply. The stored water consists

1899. of the Lake Ranch reservoir, Howell reser-

After a few years of business the United voirs (2) for San Jose and Los Gatos; for

Gas and Electric changed its name to that supplementary supply to San Jose there are

of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. In five ]niniping stations as follows: main station

1909 the company mo\ed into new and more in the rear of the local office on Santa Clara

commodious quarters at the southwest cor- Street, Ijetween the two bridges, with a capa-

ner of Second and San Antonio Streets. city of from 6,000,000 to 9,000,000 gallons per

In February, 1917, the lones improved oil ^I'^X ^ station No. 2 on Monte Vista Avenue,
generator, a 'vast improvement on the old near the O Connor Sanitarium, with a capa-
equipment of generators was installed at the ^-^'^y of from 3,000,000 to 7,000,000 gallons per
gas works. The superintendent of the gas '^'^y ^ station No. 3, at Seventeenth and Santa
works is Robert E. Hargreaves, who has oc- Clara Streets, with a capacity of fr(,in 3,000,000
cupied that position since 1904. John D. Kus- to 5,000,000 galkms per day; station No. 4, on
ter, a man of force and an extremely popular Lascom Avenue, with a capacity of from
citizen, succeeded Harry Edwards as manager 2.000,000 to 3,000,000 gallons per day, and sta-
of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. He ^lon No. 5, at Cottage Grove, with a capacity
was formerly manager of the Pacific Gas and "f 1,500,000 gallons per day. The supplement-
Electric Company's branch at Fresno. ary su])ply of Los Gatos consists of two pump-
ing stations, one at the Tisdale residence, ca-
San Jose Water Works p^city 800,000 gallons per day, and the other.

The San Jose A\'ater Company, afterwards called the hill well, with a capacity of 100,000
the San Jose Water Works, was organized gallons per day. There is also the Mmn Rock
November 26, 1866, by IJonald .Mackenzie and station, \vhich has a capacity of 100,000 gal-
John Ronner, of San Jose, and R. Chabot, of Ions per day.

(Jakland, with a cajdtal st(ick of $100,000. The company has about 14,000 subscribers.

The city (jf San Juse and the town of Santa .\11 the surface water is filtered through sand,

Clara granted the company exclusive jjrivil- then treated t(j a weak solution of chlorine—

so

eges for the term of twenty-five years. Tu two ])arts to a millidu gallons of water

carry out the plan of the owners, tanks \vere as to kill ty])hoi(l and other disease germs

constructed, engines built, and the city of San No case of 'typhoid or other contagums di-

Jose was supplied with water from artesian sease has ever been caused by water" supplied

wells. At the end of two 3ears the supply liy the San Jose Water Company. The water,

thus oljtained was found insufficient f(jr the therefore, which is used by the consumers.

HISTORY 0\' SANTA CI.ARA CCJUNTY

223

is absolutely pure. The comi^any maintains
its own laborator)' and after tests ha\'e been
made, samples of the water are sent tn the
State Uni\ersity as a eheek upon the San jose
analysis.

The annual report of the president for 1<'19
shows that the }'ear elosed with a siu'ijIus (if
re^ enue mer ex]ienses and di\idends of
$11,950.60. In addition to this inerease there
was earried to the reser\e known as premium
on capital stock, $7,725,000, thus makinij- a
total of $19,675.60 increase in these accnunts.
As on December 31, 1919, the company had
no accounts payable on its l.inoks, and as all
outstanding notes had lieen paid from sales
of stock, the San Jose AA'ater AA'orks was then
and now is, out of debt. The present offic-
ers are : Joseph R. Ryland, president ; Paul v"^.
Williams, vice-president; H. S. Kittredge, sec-
retar^■, and J. 1!. Harmon, assistant secretary.

During 1919 the total revenue amounted to
$256,460T6; total expense, $134,841.09. _^ Profit
for the vear from operation, $121,619.07; di\i-
dends for year, $111,276.00; interest, $6,162.-
75; total, $117,438.75. Increase in surplus
from operation, $4,180.32. The assets and
liabilities for the vear were: assets, $2,243.-
626.61; liabilities, '$2,243,626.61. Under the
head of lialiilities is placed the capital stuck,
$1,009,100.00. The net assets are given as
$2,089,810.34, showing that surplus of assets
over par \ alue of stock, is $80,710.34.

The Street Railroads

The Legislature of California in March,
1868, granted a franchise to S. A. Piishop,
Charles Silent, Daniel Murphy, D. B. Moody
and their associates to construct a horse rail-
road along the Alameda from San Jose to
Santa Clara. Messrs. Moody and Alurph}-,
having declined to avail themseK'es of the
franchise a new directorate was organized.
vS. A. Bishop was elected president, John H.
]\loore, treasurer, and Charles Silent, secre-
tary. Work was first started August 31, and
the cars made their initial trip on November
1. In 1869 the line was extended eastward
along Santa Clara Street to the Coyote bridge
and afterward across the bridge to McLaugh-
lin Avenue. In 1887 the company obtained a
franchise from the city and constructed San
Jose's first electric road.

The First Street Railroad was built in 1S70
by S. A. Bishop, and was the first narrow
gauge street railroad track laid in the United
States. Its original route was from the San
Pedro Street depot, along San Pedro, Julian
and First Streets, to Reed Street. Pjishop
sold his interest to F. C. Bethel, who sold to
Geo. F. Baker, and he to Jacob Rich. Under
Rich's management the route was changed to

Conform to the general system of street rail-
roads so as to run from the Market Street de-
])ot along First Street, Willow Street and
Lincoln and Minnesota Avenues in The Wil-
lows.

( )n ]'\d)ruary 1 1, 1876, the l)oard of supervis-
ors and the mayor and cfimmon council of San
J<ise granted a franchise to C. T. Bird, Chas.
P). Hensley, John .Auzerais, F. f. vSaufifrignon,
J. C. Bland" ( )liver Cottle, I'saac Bird, 1".
Pirassy, '1\ W. S])ring, James R. Lo\\e, R. C.
Si\an and S. Newhall, to estaldish a street
railroad. The enterprise developed into the
Market and A\'illow Glen Railroad Company
and was incorporated February 23. 1876, witli
J. J. Denn}-, John Auzerais, Isaac Bird, F. J.
SauiTrignon and C. T. Bird as directors. C. T.
Bird was president, John Auzerais, treasurer,
and F. Brass}', secretary. The route origin-
ally authorized was from the intersection of
Juhan and Market Streets, along Market. vSan
Fernando, San Sah'ador and Bird Avenue to
Willow Street. AVhen the First vStreet Rail-
road extended its line down Willow Street,
the road «'as discontinued from the ccjrncr of
Delmas southerl}'. The route was afterwards
changed so that it ran from the depot at Mar-
ket Street along Market, San Fernando anrl
Delmas Avenues. This action was taken af-
ter the road had [lassed to the control of Jacol:)
Rich.

The mayor and common council of the city
of San Jose granted to the Southeast Side
Horse Railroad Company on Feliruary 26,
1877, a franchise for a narrow gauge road, tci
Jacob Rich, C. G. Harrison, W. S. McMurtrv.
j. G. McMillan and S. \\L Boring. The offic-
ers were: Jaco1:i Rich, president, and S. W.
Boring-, secretary. The same parties after-
wards procured a franchise for a narrow
gauge rt)ad, taking for its starting point the
corner of Second and San Fernando Streets
and running thence t(.i Market and Santa Clara
Streets ; on Santa Clara street to the Alameda,
and thence to the town of Santa Clara. The
Southeast Side Company deeded all its fran-
chises to the new corporation, named the
People's Horse Railroad Compau}-, The road
is no longer in operation as original!}- laid out.
After a short service it was taken over l:)}'
Jacol) Rich.

In the '90s all the roads in San Jose and
running out of it were controlled l:iv lacolj
Rich and J. H. Henry, the latter succeeding
S. A. Bishop, who had passed from earth.
Bishop was a man \\'i'thout enemies. Every-
body liked and respected him. He radiated
good humor and was greeted with smiles
^vhenever his sh(jrt, roly poly figure waddled
up Santa Clara Street. Before coming to
San Jose he had been manager of the great

224 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

l!eale ranch, \vith hca<ic|uarters at Fort Tejon. holders also purchased the out-of-town inter-
Iinh'ans were numerous and hostile durins^ ests of all the street railway companies, in-
the last few }-ears of his management, and he corporating under the name of the Reninsular
had man}- exciting ex])eriences with tliem. Railroad Company, with Frank E. Chapin as
One stor\- of thrilling adventure he was never superintendent. Now, San Jose has street rail-
tired of telhng. As the historian rememljers wa^-s in every direction and country railways
it, he said that while he was one da}' louking running tcj Berryessa and Alum Rock Park,
fur stray cattle, a l:iand of Indians suddenly and along Santa Clara Avenue, and an inter-
apjieared un the trail in front of him. In at- secting street to Toyon station, on the east;
tempting to escape, his horse was shut and to the Willo\vs, Los Gatos, Campliell and
killed. "I ha<l a ride," he went on, "hut after Saratoga on the south: to Cupertino on the
I had dropped a dozen of the redskins ni)- am- west, and to Santa Clara, Los Altos, Palo
munition gave out. I cast aside the rifle and Alto, Mayfield and Stanford University on the
occupied m\-self in dddging arrows until a northwest.

section of m}' ear was nijiped off. Then 1 San Jose is connected with practically every

turned tail and ran like a wdiitehead. .I'.ut 1 to\vn and resort in the count\- with railway'

didn't start running until 1 had picked from scr\-ice. The Santa Clara A'alley has a net-

the grciund the section of ear clip])ed off liy work of railway tracks, lines radiating from

an arrow. 1 had the presence of mind to do San Jose in every direction. The San Jose

that, for if 1 came out of the rumpus alu'e 1 Railroads System has nearly one hundred

knew [ could get one of the ]io}'s at the fort miles of track,

to sew the piece on again. Well, I hot-footed The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Com-

it for a riear 1>y cany(!n, hoping to find there a pany has its offices in a new two-story con-

ca\'e or some rocky shelter. No such luck, crete building on Market vStreet, near San Fer-

for I soon Ijumped u]) against a wall and found nando. It has over 14,000 subscribers and

myself in a regular cul-de-sac. No thorough- its \\-ires reach e\-ery cit)^ town and village

fare hevon<l, liigli rock_\' wall in front and on in the count}-. H. A\'inkle is the manager,
one side, anjl on the other side a vertical ])reci-
|iice half a mile in <lepth. I knew 1 was uj)

San Jose Post Office

igainst it, so 1 ]>roceeded to sa}' my pra}'ers. The first mail communication estal)lished in
As 1 i)r,-i}-ed tile Indians ajiproached can- the United States between San Jose and the
tiousl}-, but when the}' saw how 1 was fixed outside world was in April, 1847, when As-
they let out a series of }-ells that actually froze sistant nuartermaster-General |. L. Folsom
the blood in my N'cins. Then the}' made a established a weekly mail Ijetween San Fran-
rush for me, each Indian with a big car\-ing ciscci and Montere}' by way of San ]ose. Prior
knife in his hand. 1 belie^"ed I was looking to this time, under Mexican and Spanish rule,
death in the face, so I shut my eyes and wait- the onl}- means of communication had been
ed for the end. Yes, 1 shut ni}' e}'es — " by nnjunted messenger.

Bishop would always stop at this point and Under the postal system established by the

shiver. ■AA'ell," an excited listener would military authorities, ' Jacob D. Hopi)e acted

ask, "how did y<Hi escajje? What did the In- as postmaster. Mr. Hoppe was a native of

dians chj?" "They killed me," would come yfaryland, and came to San |ose from Mis-

the calm reply and then Bishop would laugh sonri m 1846. He was a member of the firm

until the tears came. ^ of Hoppe, Hawkins & Company, wdio kept a

.Vfter operating his road for many years, general merchandise store in a small frame

Jacob Rich got into financial difficulties. The building on South Market Street. In 1850 the

German Savings I5ank of San Francisco took firm built a new two-story adobe buildino- on

over the First Street and Willows road and the northeast corner of 'Market and Santa

J. H. Harmon for a time tried to operate the Clara Streets. The post office was moved to

liorse railwa}' in the second ward. Finally a room on North Market, in the rear of the

L. J. Hanchett secured control of all the city store. John R. W^ilson, S. A. Clark, V. Staley

roads, uniting them under the Peninsular sys- and Judge R, B. Buckner ^\'ere emplo^'ed in

tern. In the meantime^ the old horse railway the store and assisted with the mails. Hoppe

line which ran along Fifth Street to Empire, was a prominent figure in the early history

along Empire to Fourteenth and thence to of San Jt)se, and his place of business was

Mission Street was disccjntinued and standard headcpiarters for the local politicians. Be-

gauge electric roads had been extended along sides being postmaster he held the office of

Julian Street to the Coyote. Hanchett sold t<.) town councilman before San Jose had arisen

the stockholders of the Southern Pacific Rail- to the dignity of a city government. He was

road Company, and they named the San Jose als(j a member of the'Constitutional Conven-

system, the San Jose Railroads. These stock- tion and of the second city council in 1851. It

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

225

is said that he decided the destiny of San jose.
When he was about to Iniild his new adol)e
block he totik a fifty-cent piece frotn his pock-
et, threw it m the air, and said: "Heads, v^an
Jose : tails, Santa Clara." The coin came
down heads and the block was bnilt in San
Jose. So great was his popularity that an old
pioneer said that the whole town would ha\'e
followed him to Santa Clara if the coin had
shown tails. He was killed in April, 1853, in
the explosion of the steamboat Jenny Lind,
aliout four miles from Alviso.

John R. A\'ilson was the second postmaster
of San lose, having been appointed by Presi-
dent Fillmore, August 7, 1851. S. A. Clark
\^-as AA'ilson's deput>". At the time of Wilson's
appointment postage was fort_y cents per half
ounce, prepayment being optional with the
sender. Sht)rtly after his appointment the
pony express \\'as established and overland
postage \\as reduced to ten cents. Wilson
resigned in 1852, and removed to Alviso,
where he was engaged for several years in the
warehouse business. Then he returned to
San Jose, his death occurring a number of
vears ago.

In the latter part of 1852 Arthur Shearer
was appointed postmaster, holding the office
about one }'ear. The oflice ^^'as removed to a
building on Santa Clara Street, where the
Auzerais House now stands. At this time
there was a monthly overland mail and a
weekly mail from San Francisco and Mon-
terey. The next postmaster was IMajor John
Patrick, a native of Arkansas and a veteran
of the Mexican AVar. He died in 1869. Dur-
ing his term the office was moved to South
First Street, opposite El Dorado Street.

Gen. Charles E. Allen was appointed post-
master Jul}- 15, 1856, and chose Ralph L^owe
as his deput_y. The office was again moved,
this time to West Santa Clara Street, near
Market. Allen was a pioneer of 1849. He
was the first county assessor, afterwards
county judge, and in 1855 was commissioned
brigader general of the First Brigade, Second
Division of the California Militia. He declin-
ed the reappointriient as postmaster tendered
him by President Buchanan, but remained in
charge of the oflice until his successor was ap-
pointed by President Lincoln in 1861.

Simon M. Cutler succeeded General Allen
in July, 1861. He was the first postmaster of
the new Republican party. He removed the
post office to South Market Street. He died
in 1868 and his brother, James M. Cutler,
acted as postmaster until 1869. Judge^ Chas.
G. Thomas was the next appointee. The of-
fice was moved to South First Street, opposite
El Dorado Street. The business of the office
increased until it became necessary to employ

four clerks. Judge Thomas, wliu had been
justice of the ])eace prior to liis a|)pointinent
as postmaster, died in 1875.

President Grant appointed Dr. E. A. Clark
postmaster in May, 1873. The increase in the
lousiness of the oflice made it necessary to se-
cure more commodious quarters. The office
was niuyed to the corner of Santa Clara and
Market Streets, in the Hensley, afterward the
Rea, building, where it remained until July,
1888. Dr. Clark was a nati\e of Ohio and
came to California in 1850, settling in Santa
Clara County. He had served as deputy as-
sessor of internal revenue, deputy county re-
corder and city superintendent of schools, re-
signing the last ])osition to become postmas-
ter. He died in 1894.

S. B. Anderson was appointed postmaster
by President Hayes April 4, 1877. He had
served as deputy postmaster for ten years.
A\'hen the office was removed to the Hensley
block, the merchants of that vicinity subscrib-
ed a sufficient sum to pa)- the rent of the build-
ing. The money appropriated by the govern-
ment for rent was used entirely in the pay-
ment of clerk hire and incidental expenses.
The department did not approve of the post-
master's action, and he was removed from of-
fice. Anderson was a veteran of the Ciyil
A\'ar, and has been dead for more than
twenty years.

Daniel C. Bailey succeeded Anderson, tak-
ing office in April, 1878. He was reappointed
by President Arthur, August 1, 1882, and
served until July 1, 1886. After repeated at-
tempts Bailey succeeded in having a free de-
livery established October 1, 1885^ The prin-
cipal objection of the department to the estab-
lishing of free deliver)^ was the poor system of
street numbering then in vogue. Bailey imme-
diately took steps to have the houses and bu-
siness buildings renumbered, and finally se-
cured the adoption of the present system. The
carriers were then granted him. Bailey was a
native of Maine and came to California in
1851. He was in the grain lousiness untl 1871
\^'hen he was elected county recorder. He
died several years ago.

Samuel H. Wagener came after Bailey, his
appointment b}' President Cleveland being
made in April, 1886. He had never taken an
active part in politics and his appointment dis-
pleased the politicians and bettered the ser-
vice. He retained efficient clerks and car-
riers and all his appointments were made on
merit. During his term the office was remov-
ed to the corner of First and San Antonio
Streets. Wagener was a druggist. He came
to San Jose in 1877, after ha\'ing served as
treasurer and mayor of Muskegon, Mich. He
has been dead many years.

226

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Dr. Thomas Kelh' was commissioned as
postmaster liy President Harrison Mav' 1,
18*^'0. Durinij; his term the office 1iecame first
class and the civil ser\"ice rules A\'erc extend-
ed to all free deliver)- offices. Dr. Kelly was
a veteran of the Ci^'il War, and died a few
^'ears after the e-x]Mration of his term of of-
fice.

Jiihn W. Ryland, apjiointed postmaster
August 24, 18*54, died in 1922. He was a na-
tive San josean, was educated in Santa Cdara
Cdllege and Hastings I^a^- Schoiil, and \\'as
admitted to the bar in 1879. He was a Demo-
crat and \\'as a candidate fnr state senator in
1886, running in a ]\e]iu])lican district and
losing h^' (inl\- six \-(itcs. In 1892 he was de-
feated fur Congress, although he carried his
cnvn count\' against a usual Repuljlican ma-
jorit}' of li\"e hundred. The ai")])ointnient as
j)ostmaster came to him without solicitation.
Few postmasters ha\'e met \\-ith so many
tlifhculties as did Mr. R}dand. Before his time
nuudi of the clerical \\'ork had been done by
carriers. wdiile the eight-hour law go\-erning
carriers' time, had ne\'er been strictly en-
forced. The I'ost ( )rlice Department issued
orders that this law must be enforced; also
that carriers must not iierform an_\- clerical
work. To ])ro\-ide for the ])erformance of tins
^v^)rk and at the same time maintain the efti-
ciencv of the local service, Air. R\]and found
it necessarv to reorganize his oihce and also
rearrange his carrier routes. In doing this he
made man\- improx'ements, the most import-
ant of which wa.s the deli\-er}- of the afternoon
mails frour San Francisco nearl_\- an hour ear-
lier than had lieen the custom.

!\laj. W. C. Ha\\de_\- was the next postmas-
ter. He recei\-ed his appointment from Presi-
dent McKinley in 1898 and served until his
death, Sejiteridier 4, l')12. From that date un-
til < )ctober 16, 1^)12, I. A. I'.all Avas the acting
postmaster. On October 16 John R. Chace
recei\ed a recess appointment, which lasted

until Juh', 1913, when I-»yron Millard, post-
master until June, l'-*22, receixed a re,gular
a]ipointment irom President Wilson. Mr,
.Millard made a most efficient officer. He
carried through man}- improvements and the
oflice for nine }'ears \\-as one r)f the Iiest ap-
]Kiinted and liest managed in the state. The
receipts for the calendar year 1Q21 were $2,13,-
048/0 In 1920 the recei])ts for the "S'ear were
,$21-I,r>47.44: in 1890, $49,201.57. 1. A. Ball, a
\-eteran in the serA'ice, is the assistant post-
master. In A|)ril, V>22. Millard was succeeded
])v |ohn R. Chace, wdio took- charge in June.

The prist office is now located at the south-
east corner of Market and San Fernando
vStreets. on the site of old Chinatown, destroy-
ed liA- fire in 1887. During the congressional
cam|iaign of 1888 Hon. Thomas J. Clunie ])ro-
mised the \'oters of San Jose that if they
would send Iiim to Congress he would secure
an apprcipriation for a post office building for
the cit}-. He xxas elected and kept his ]-)ro-
mise, securing Axith the aid of Senator Hearst
and Hon. \A'. M. Alarkham, an ap]iropriation
of $200,000. The ground cr.st $39,4.S4.67.
The cost of the building, which is built of
sandstone, was $138,852.21, leaving a balance
of $21,603.12.

Idle l:<asement of the Ijuilding is used for
the heating and ventilating apparatus. In the
south end is a room wdiere the bulky articles
of the ]iarcels post are routed and distributed.
The fu'st floor is used entirely b_v the ]")ost of-
fice and consists of one large room, money or-
der and registr\- rooms and departments for
general deiixery and parcels post. The two
large rooms on the second floor are for the
use of the internal revenue olficers and the
Government Weather Bureau, the latter di-
rected for many x-ears by Maurice Connell,
one of the survivors of the Greely Arctic Ex-
Ijedition. He died in 1921 and was succeeded
bv E. S. Nichols.

CHAPTER XXTII.

The Clubs of San Jose's Men and Women — Daughters of the Revohition —
The Carnegie Library and the Free County Library — The American
Legion — The County Pioneers — Sainte Claire Club, etc.

San Ti'se can shiiw as lart^x' a ninnber of Clara. It \\'a,s alsd (liirins^ tliis period tliat an

AWmien's Clulvs as an)- cit}- of its size in the au.xiliary to the clul) \\'as formed. This con-

I'nion. for the women of the cit\- are intelli- sisted of the daui^'liters of the members, wlio

gent. culti\ated and refined, and if lliev do not were permitted to use the chib house for their

arrogate S(.i much to themselves as do tlieir meetings. .-Vliout fifty }'oung ladies resi)onded

sisters in Boston or Philadel])hia the}' are and tlieir clul\ wdiich later ^vas named Tri Ko-

found as eagerl}- pressing on in the paths of Ian, came into being. In appreciation of her

art. literature and music. lal)ors, Mrs. Keimed\', upon retiring from of-

The San lose AWunan's Club is the largest fice, was elected an honorarx' member,
of these organizations, its object being to iiro- Mrs. .Vle.x. T'. Mungotten served as presi-
mote acquaintance, gv.od-fellowship and coo]v dent, 1904-06; ?ilrs. W. B. Hill, 1906-OS; Mrs.
eration among the \\-omen of the cit}' and ^■i- Viola I'rice Franklin, 1908-00; ^Irs. A. A.
cinity, and to ftirnish a ci^•ic center where Fowder, 1909-11. It was during Mrs. Fowler's
questions of impi^rtance to the communitv administraton that the clid? took up the mat-
may l^e freel}' discussed and acted upon in the ter of incorpcirating as a bod_\-, the (original in-
hopie of iiromoting the interests and A\-elfare corporation of a part of the clul) as a "Clnli
of all Concerned. The c\uh \\'as ])orn in 1804, Hfiuse Association," not ha\dng pro\-ed satis-
and the work is done in dei^artments. The factory. The b}--laws were amended and the
charter list of membership) awis, at the start. wdiole did) was reincorporated under the name
left open for one month. At the e.vpiration of of "The San Jose Woman's Clulj."
that tnue the enrollment showed forty names. From 1911 to 1912. Mrs. J. V. Haley served
The number steadilv increased until the mem- as president. The following came in turn ;
bership- reached 200'. During the great Euro- ^Irs. C. E. Randall, 1912-1,'^; Mrs. C). P.
pean war. the number dwindled to one hun- Shrout, 19LV14; .Mrs. J. E. Hancock, 1914-15;
dred and fiftv, but after hostilities had ceased ^Irs. Fred Schumacher, 1915-16; Mrs. Paul
there was a steadv gain in membership. The Clark, 1016-17; iMrs. X. J. Crey, 1917-18; }ilrs.
club has ne\-er lost" sight of the ideals upon S. Wills and ?>Irs. .\. D, Grant, 1918-19; Mrs.
which it was founded and is recognized as a F. H. Easty, 1919-20; Mrs. Eva E. Stahl,
jiower for good in the communit}'. Its motto 1920-21.

is: "All for one and one for all." 'I'hc clubs in the County Alliance are as fol-
In 1897 the club joined the General Federa- lows; :\lanzanita Club, founded in 1884, Mrs.
tion of Clubs and in 1900 became affiliated Milo P. Phelps, president ; The Mt)nday Club,
with the State Federation. During the first founded in 1904, Mrs. Fred Fehren, president;
three vears of its existence the directors serv- (Jut-Door Art League, founded in 1904, Mrs.
ed in turn as president, and in 1898, :\Irs. Ste- J. A\'. Davy, jjresident; The Art History,
phen A. Jones was elected as its first regular founded in 188,^, Mrs. Nicholas Bowden, pres-
president". She served two years, and was fol- ident ; To Kolan Club, organized in 1902,
lowed by Mrs. E. O. Smith, the founder of the president, Mrs. Willard Hayden ; Willows
club, in 'whose fertile lirain was conceived the Reading and Study Club, organized in 1897,
plan for a club house and the division of the ^Irs. J. R. Henwo(jd, president; Short Story
work into departments of civics, music, art, Clulj, a branch of the Pacific Short Story
literature, travel and social and household Club, organized in 1911, Mrs. W. C. Kennedy,
economics. This arrangement has continued president ; Santa Clara A¥oman's Club, found-
to the present time. At the beginning of Mrs. ed in 1904, Mrs. A. E. Osborne, president;
Smith's second term of office her health failed, The Shakespeare^ Club, of Santa Clara, ?iliss
and the vice-president, Mrs. \A'. C. Kenned}', Laura Mills, president ; ^Mountain A'iewWom-
was obliged to carry on the work For the an's Club, Miss Emma vStevens, president;
two years following, Mrs. Kennedy was the County Woman's Club, Campbell,' Mrs. J.
president, and it was during her incumbency Fred Smith, president; Morgan Hill AA'om-
that the money ($4000) was raised by enter- an's Club, Mrs. Giles Bradley, president; Sun-
tainments for the building of the present club nyvale Woman's Clul), Mrs. Sophie Durst,
house on South Third Street, now Santa president; Palo Alto Woman's Club, Mrs.

228

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Emily S. Dixon, president; Gilroy W'oman's
Cluli, A[rs. Catherine T. Ryan, president.

rSesides the County :VUiance there is a
Co^lnt^' Federation of CUil_is, composed of the
follo^ving : ^lanzanita Ckil), San Jose Wom-
an's Clul), Santa Clara Woman's Club, Palo
Alto Woman's Club, ^fountain \'iew AA'om-
an's Club, To Kolan, I'erdita Circle, Los Ca-
tos ; Flistor}' CluV).

( )ther clubs not affiliated with the San Jose
A\'oman's Club or the Count\- Federation are
The Fortnightly, founded in"l899, Mrs. J. IX
T. Tuthill. president; Sempervirens Club, A.
P. Hill, president, and ^Irs. W. C. Kennedy
and Chas. Wesley Reed, honorary presidents;
the Chautauqua Circle, Miss Lulu Blanchard,
president; The Art History Club, Mrs. Nich-
olas Bowden. president; The Eastern Star,
Mrs. A. E. Dickenson, worthy matron; the
different circles, .guilds, societies and alliances
of the churches; the Parent-Teachers' Asso-
ciation of the pulilic schools; the V. M. C. A.,
Y. W. C. A., the Y. Al. 1. and Y. L. L; the
difTerent courts, the difl'erent Parlors of the
Native Sons and Daughters, the Women's
Relief Corps and the Congress of Mothers, and
many others.

Newman Hall and Club

In 1904 Archliishop I'iiordan furnished the
money for building Newman Hall for the
Catholic girls attending the State Normal
vSchool. 1'he location is on South Fifth vStrect
near the corner of San Fernandcj Street and
close to the Normal grounds. It is a hand-
some, imposing structure, an adaptation of the
Roman-Corinthian stNde (jf architecture, and is
admirably arranged for the purposes for which
it was constructed. It was Archbishoj) Rior-
flan's idea to provide a place where the Cath-
olic Normal girls might meet to be further
instructed in the Catholic doctrine and at the
same time have a rest and club room. A
chaplain was furnished and when not engaged
in religic)us services the girls (jf the clulj —
for a clul) was formed — give entertainments,
hear lectures anrl ha\'e the l)enefit of the well-
stocked club library. There are eighty mem-
l)ers of the club and the finances are looked
after by the Catholic members of the Normal
alumni. Mrs. R. Johnson is president of the
student body. The upkeep of the institution is
in the hands of the Cathcdic women of the
city of San Jose.

Sainte Claire Club

There is no finer nor more i)icturesf|ue
building in San Jose than the one occupied by
the Sainte Claire Club. It is situated on St.
John Street at the corner of Second, and was
built b}' Senat(jr James D. Phelan in 1894.
The club \\-as organized November 15, 1888,

and for fi\e years occupied rooms in the
Rucker block. Dr. Pierce was the first presi-
dent and C. i\l. AA'oostcr, secretary. In 1906
the new building was shattered by the earth-
quake, causing the club to seek quarters else-
where. In 1907, repairs having Iieeh made,
the club moved back to the old stand. The
membership at present is 100. Luncheon is
served every day. There are nine living and
l)ath rooms on the third floor, card room and
library on the second floor and social hall,
dining room and kitchen on the first floor.
The officers for 1920 were J. M. Parker, presi-
dent; K. H. Plate, vice-president; Chas. A.
Barker, secretary. ( )tlier directors, A. E.
Holmes, H. A. Pfister. James W. Findlay,
F. A. A\'ilder. Follo\\'ing are some of the
names of the deceased memfiers : Hon. B. D.
Murphy, W. P. Doughert)', Judge James R.
Lewis, Col. A. K. Whitton, Ralph Lowe,
Peter Etchebarne, Isaac Lc)eb, Gabriel Loeb,
J. Naglee Burke, D. W. Burchard, James M.
Rucker, Dr. G. \X . Seifert, Elarry Edwards,
Peter C. Colomliet, O. A. Hale, Judge Bond,
J. R. Patton. L. A. Sage, Capt." N, D'r)yly,
James H. Lyndon, A\'. J. Wilcox, Chas. Chap-
man, Hon. C. T. Ryland and J. F. Green,

Two of the above nametl, Hon. C. T. Ry-
land and Hon. P. D. Murphy-, were able law-
yers and orators. In the late '70s the Denn)-
crats controlled the State Legislature, hold-
ing 83 out of a total of 120 votes, A LTnited
States senator \\as to Iie elected that year and
the candidates were C. T. Ryland, James T.
Farley, Mark McDonald and Niles Searles.
Ryland was easily the ablest of the candidates.
He as a San Josean of lofty intelligence and
scru]Hilous honesty, A native of Missouri, he
came to California \\dien a bo}- of nineteen.
He drove a mule team across the ])lains and
arrived in California with onlv a few dollars
in his pocket, but his laudable ambition and
strong character soon led him into one good
position after another. He was clerk of the
Board of First Instance in San Francisco and
afterwards was private secretary to Peter H.
Burnett, first governor of California. He mar-
ried the governor's daughter, was admitted
to the bar and in time rose to be one of the
leading business and ])olitical factors of the
state. His career as a lawyer opened in vSan
Jose, and after }'ears of success he gave up
the law to enter the banking business. It
was thought liy his many friends in San Jose
that he would have a walkover in the race for
the LInited States senatorship, but these
friends failed to take into account the fact that
he was not a wire puller and that he had pitted
against him some of the seasoned politicians
of the state. But he made a game fight and

HISTORY OK SANTA CLARA COUNTY

229

it took t\venty-fi\o ballots to decide the issue,
Farley winnino- ^\■ithollt a ^dte to spare.

Hon. 1). D. ]\lurpli}', of San Jose, was then
a member of the State Senate, lie was not
a candidate for ITnited vStates senator, hut one
of his staunch friends, lion. Tom I'owler,
who represented several counties in the San
Joat|uin A'alle_\-, resohcd to tj'ive Barnc}' a
complimentary \dte. Tom, a big, bluff \\'est-
erner, dealt in horses and talked "horse" from
morning until night. His nominating speech
was impromptu and Hon. John A, Hicks, the
San lose realty dealer, who ^^•as then a mem-
ber of the Legislature and heard the si)eech,
says it was about the richest thing that e\-er
came out of the mouth of a California solon.
Fowder first likened Barney to a horse and, as
Hicks remembers it, he spoke somewhat after
this fashion :

"It gives me great pleasure on lliis momen-
tous occasion to place in nomination a thor-
oughbred wdicT never had the blind staggers.
He sees straight and goes straight for w hat he
sees. He is gentle wdien handled right and if
she haxe the courage a ladv can drive him. He
is neither wind-galled, spavined nor has the
heaves unless he is heaving some Repulilican
maverick out of his way. True, he will kick
up his heels wdien he feels good, but you may
bet your bottom dollar that he will never kick
ON-er the traces. He is all wool and a yard
wide thoroughbred and he can trace his lin-
eage back to old Brian Born who assisted St.
Patrick in driving the snakes out of Milpitas.
And, gentlemen, he is not a crib sucker, al-
though if he lands in the senatorial crib he
will make suckers out of all wdio oppose the
principles of our noble party. Look at him
and note that he measures up to the standard
set by those matchless steeds that have been
world beaters since the days of Alexander
Yoell. Moreover, and don't let the fact escape
your memory, he has horse sense, and that is
saying a good deal in these days of wind}-
rhetoric. And he'll stand without tying and
doesn't need any sugar to make him good, be-
cause he's good' all through and all the time.
He doesn't need a cinch, though it's a cinch
that he'll make good, even if he has to take the
bit between his teeth. Take him, don't pet him,
for he'll do his work without petting, feed
him three times a day, and between meals if
you feel like it, for he is a good feeder and
will come a-running to the manger, and you'll
get more than your money's worth. Gentle-
men, I am proud to place in nomination the
Honorable Barney Murphy, of San Jose."

At the conclusion of the speech the great
chamber resounded to the laughter and ap-
plause of the assembled legislators.

Columbia Circle, C. L. S. C.

Chautauqua is represented in ,S;in Juse by
Columbia Circle, ^vhich was organized in
18X8. .Mrs. Harriet M. Newell was the lirst
]iresident. (")ther ])residents were .Mrs. Addie
C.arrigus, 1894-1900: Mrs. Louisa George,
1900-06; Mrs. Mattie Hcrrington, 1906-07:
.Mrs. Marv Ha^-warcls, 1907-08: Mrs. ]\L-iria
Morse, ]9b8-09:' Mrs. Ida W'adams, 1909-10:
.Mrs. Sarah Baker, 1910-11 : Mrs. Mabel With-
row, 1911-12: Mrs. Lulu Blanchard, 1912-20.
.Mrs. Blanchard was reelected fur ancither
year in 1920.

It has been the pleasant cust(jm of the circle
to hold recognition exercises at the close of
each year and graduate the class linishin<^- the
cotu-se acct)rding to the plan fdllnwed at Chau-
taucjua headquarters. This marks the conclu-
sion of four }-ears' reading laid down b)- the
|>rogram of Chautauqua, and each year Ccilum-
bia Circle enjoys a day that leaves the final
hoin-s cif its study a ]3leasant memor}- to each
member. (.)n Monday, June 14, 1920, the class
of that }'ear, the eighth to |)ass through the
"tiolclen Gate" of Mrs. Blanchard's leadership,
was g'raduated. This class was one of the
largest, number eight — Mrs. Flora Bates, Mrs.
.\nna Candee, Mrs. Blanche Graham, Mrs.
Fdith Jensen, Mrs. Kate McChesney, Mrs.
Edna AkTntyre, Mrs. Eltha Parner, Mrs. Calla
Sherman, .\fter a program of songs, recita-
tions and reading of "The Year Book," Mrs.
Blanchard, made her usual address, telling
how much Chautauqua should mean to read-
ers and students and how much it had done
fen' her. She announced that fi\'e new readers
had been enrolled for the ne.xt }ear, the Euro-
pean year, and narrated some of the history
and aims of the organization.

Lecticonian Society

San Jose's first duh' organized debating so-
cietv was the San lose Lvceum. It was in
existence during the early part t)f the '70s and
\\'as succeeded bv the Lecticonian Societ}'.
There are manv San Joseans todav ^vho are
proud of the fact that they were once Lecti-
conians, for the organization which kept its
head above water for twenty-odd years, did
noble work as an educator. It turned out ora-
tors, statesmen and divines, and gave to busi-
ness and professional men the ability and con-
fidence to speak fluently and entertainingly in
public. Some of the old members \vere J. C.
Black, C. C. Stephens, J. M. Young. T. E." and
I. G. Kennedy, J. R. King, ]. L. Crittenden,
M. H. Hyland, "L. F. Curti's, C. M. Short-
ridge, Chris Bergstrom, H. 1). Burnett, A. C.
Blane, Geo. D. Smith, .-\lex. Underwood,
C. W. Quilty, J. J. McLauren, Tom C. Barry,
Dr. J. L. York, E."T. Sawyer, W. Finley, H. C.

230

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

and C. E. Gunn, John McNaught, John E.
Richards, R. J. Stevens, Holton'Webb, E. J.
ATcCntcheDn, E. K. Diinla]5 and J, E. R^'mal.
Of these Barry, Ouilt_\-, Shrtrtridg-e, the Gunns,
Dr. Yurk are dead Oi the living, J. E. Rich-
ards is judge (")f the Appellate Court: Black is
the dean oi the San Jose l:>ar : Stejihens is a
leading lawyer i")f Eos Angeles : Bane is one of
the big oratorical guns of the Eirst M. ]{.
Church: Underwood is a A\-ealthy business
man of Abmterey: Smith is a San Jose lawver
of fine attainments: Webb was justice of the
peace at Ri\-erside in Riverside Countv, and
died o\-er a year after being shot by an Italian
whn hafl been defeated in a law suit. Hyland,
once Superior Judge is now a San Francisco
capitalist. The majority of the Lecticonians
had had little or no experience as speakers or
debaters when they joined the society, but con-
stant attendance and stud\- made of them
speakers and debaters such as an}' county
would lie proud to own. The society dis-
l)ande<l in the earlv '^Os.

The Country Club

The Ciiuntry Club, first knoAvn as the Crolf
Clul). was org-anized twent}' )-ears ago b^- a
numfier of business men who realized that
out-of-door sports should go hand in hand
with indoor amusement. A tract of land com-
])rising eighty acres ^\■as secured near the
Linda \'ista links on the Alum Rock road anrl
the Linda \'ista Sanitarium was used as a
did:) house. The charter had the f(jllo\ving
as charter meml)ers: T. lUlar<l I'eans, (ico.
Al. Bowman. 1). M. Burnett, W. S. Clayton.
K. C. Flagg. Thrjmas A. Graham. A. 13. (irant,
O. A. Hale, Cx. W. Henderson, Ralph \\'.
Hersey, A. C. Kulin. S. F. Leib, J. C. Lewis,
L. L. Miirse, L. Cr. Nesmith, Josepli R. Pat-
ton, Hotel X'endome, Gu>- Vachell, .V. K.
Wdiitton, Lhilii llerse}' and William AWdiner.

In 1913 the club mo\-ed their quarters b^■
purchasing 61 '< acres on exce|)tionally grjod
ground near the eastern fnothills. .\lter\vards
31/2 acres wx-re leased from Mrs. Gordon.
This tract adjoined the Country Clul)'s land,
and the comliined acreage and splendid situa-
tion made the golf links one of the finest on
the Coast, permitting a full eigliteen-hok-
course. '.)n cine of the Idlls. the most com-
manding one, a did) house, u|)-lo-date in e\-er)'
particular was built at a C)>sl of al.)out $15,000.
The cost would have l.)een much gi'eater if the
lumber had not ])een purchased from J. A.
Chase, a lumber dealer and a dub member.
Air. Chase alsi.) designed the Ijuilding. The
pipes were laid in two da}'s by fifty club mem-
bers in o\'eralls and jumpers. After their
work had been finished they were treated to
a fine lunch prepared by the lady members

and ser^'ed on tables unfler spreading oak
trees. The present oflicers of the club are
\'. J. LaMotte, ])resident : J. R. Chace, secre-
tar\- : First National Bank, treasurer : William
Hirst, manager of the club house. The mem-
bers number 350.

The Pioneers' Society

The California F'ioneers' vSociety of Santa
Clara Countv ^\'as organized June 22, 1875,
\\-ith 274 charter memliers. The first officers
were Judge A. L. Rhodes, president: John M.
Murphy and Peter O. Minor, vice-presidents:
.\le-x. P. Murgotten, secretary: John H. Moore,
treasurer: directors. Coleman Younger, Cary
Peebels, Da\is Divine, A. Pfister and B. D.
Aliirph)-. Of the diarter members the secre-
tary is the only sur\-iving memlier. The first
annual meeting was held in P)'Donneirs Gar-
dens on June 22, 1876. At its first quarterly
meeting, held in Septemlier, 1876, in Music
Hall, Hon. David Belden delivered an address,
replete with droll humor and beautiful senti-
ment. Hon. C. T. Ryland was the speaker at
the ne.Kt (|uarterly, Decendier 20, 1876, and
English \\'ords were woven into a splendid
tribute to the pioneers.

Tavo memoral)le social events mark the his-
tory of the old-timers. The first was given
on September 8, 1877, to celelirate the admis-
sion of California into the LTnion. The Cali-
fornia Pioneers of San Francisco, Native Sons
and Ale.xican A'eterans were inA'ited guests.
The parade A\'as one of the largest ever seen
in San Jose. It consisted r)f the Native Sons,
San Francisco Pioneers, and Santa Clara
Countv Pioneers. There were floats represent-
ing ]")ioneer times, such as, "( )n an Emigrant
Train," and "The Steamer California," manned
1)A' men who came c)U that \'essel. .V local ox
carried a ytnvk of an old emigrant's outfit,
ddiere was also a mining scene. "AVorking the
Claim." wdiich was very realistic. To make
the i)arade seem real one of the valuable c)xen
hauling the emigrants drc)])ped dead wdiile C)n
the march. .Vt O'Donnell's Gardens, one of
the largest fiarbecues in the history of the
state was carried (")Ut successfull}'. In a trench
200 feet long, three feet deep and three feet
wide there were spitted twenty-seven hogs,
twentv-fi\'e sheep and sixteen beeves. 0\'er
10.000 jieople \\'ere introduced to one of the
finest meals they had e\-er tasted. -\n English
guest said he had eaten the roast Ijeef of old
luigland for forty years, but he felt that he
had ne\'er ])artakcn real roast I)eef until that
Saturday. Uncle Ike l.kanham was the chief
cook and his assistants were A. Legarde, S.
(J. liroiighton, Henry Lux, D. A. Laddy, A. L.
ISascom, J. H. M. Ti")wnsend, Geo. Cross and
R. T. OTIanlon. The next srreat event was

HISTORY Ol' SANTA CI.AKA CUUNTY

231

tlie State 1 inauguration Day, celeltrated on De-
cember 20, 18'T-l and here the success ol an
earher da>- was repeated. It was the .i^rand-
est celebration San Jose had e\er had. Mayor
C. J. Martin was president; Alex. P. Murtjot-
ten, secretary ; Mrs. E. O. Smith, program <br-
ector, and C.us Lion, financial director; S. W.
Boring, grand marshal. The old capitol was
reproduced and there were three da\s of joy-
making.

Man}- of the early picmeers ha\e gone o\er
the range, Init a few are left in the society.
In order to keep up the interest the meml)er-
ship now includes all those who have resided
fifty or more years in California. At the last
annual meeting hel<l at Alum Rock Park on
June 5. l'^2l. officers for the ensuing- term
were elected as follows : President, William E.
Gage ; first vice-president, H. C. Morrell ; sec-
ond vice-president, F. B. Kennedy; third vice-
president. J. J. Sontheimer; secretary, A. P.
Murgotten"; treasurer, Mrs. A. P. H'il'l ; aud-
itors, ;Mrs. Al. PI. Hermann. J. G. Glendenning,
C. C. Smith, A\'. D. Hampman, W. H. Law-
rence. Following is the list of active mem-
bers: "W. C. Andrews, Chas. L. Adams, Airs.
J. Appleton. H. W. Arbogast. J. O. A. Ballon,
Mrs. E. D. B. Bradley, Mrs. Lulu Blanchard.
J. C. Black. L. A. Booksin. M. A. Boulware,
"Miss L. A. Brimblecom, J- B. Burrell, Mrs. E.
C. Best. W. K. Beans, 'Otis Blabon, Dr. J.
M. Bowen, \\'. S. Clayton, Chas, Cable, Mrs.
T. R. Cornell, Geo. O. Comstock, J. B. Collins,
Harry AV. Coe, Mrs. M. T. Daunes, H. A. De
Lacy, "W'. D. Dam])man, Airs. AA'. D. Damp-
man, Chas. Doerr, Mrs. C. Dicks(-jn, Peter J.
Dunne, Mrs. L. -A. Erkson, Airs. Alar\- /V.
Estes, Airs. L. -V. Fowler. Chas. Frost, Airs.
Chas. Frost. Perley F. Gosliey. J. D. Guerraz.
Chas. T. Gi^-ens, J. W. Gould. H. Guerraz,
Aliss Al. E. Gordon, J. E. G-ordon. J. G. (jlen-
denning. Phil Herolfl, S. N. Herring, Airs. v^.
H. Herring, Airs. Al. Fl. Herrmann, J. H.
Hamon, Airs. J. Fl. Hamon, Andrew P. Hill,
Airs. A. P. Hill, Airs. Eliza Isom, Mrs. A. C.
Joseph, Airs. N. A. Jennings, Airs. Alarv H.
January, A. A\'. Kennedy, F. B. Kenned)-,
Frank Kenyon. J. A. Lcjvell, Airs. Alattie R.
Lewis, A. B. Langfijrd, Alex. P. Alurgotten,
Airs. A. P. Alurgotten, H. C. Alorrell, Airs. Id.
C. Alorrell, Antone Matty, Airs. Riley Alontr}-,
Thos. Alonahan, K C. Alunn, Airs. E. C.
Alunn, E. L. Mood\-, N. E. Manning. Archie
AIcDonald, Airs. A' AlcDonald, Airs. A. AV.
AIcDaniels, H. S. AlcClay, Airs. E. AlcCrack-
en, Mrs. R. T. ()'Hanlon, Jacob Overton,
John F. Pvle, H. T. Pvle, Airs. Mary J. Pvle,
F. G. Pyle, Airs. Al. Palmer, Airs. E. H. Pot-
ter, N. A. Pellerano, Henry A. Pfister, Leon-
ora Rider, John E. Richards, L. D. Stephens,
Albert Schroeder, Fred Al. Stern, Chas. D.

S\kes, S. P. Sitton, Mrs. |. IC. Saulsbury, C.

C. Smith, Mrs. ). C. Sell)v,"Mrs. Al. E. Searles,
Mrs. S. Al. Smi'th, Mrs. K. Travis, Mrs. J. M.
Tarleton, Airs. C. Al. Tennant, Otto F. Van
Dorsten, Airs. Frances Verser, Mrs. L. J.
AVatkins, E. H. \Vem]de, Airs. |. C. Wool,
Airs. (;. F. AA'illiams, 11. J. Wallace, Mrs.
Chas. Doerr, Jasper S. vSe(-itt, Airs. Frank Ful-
ler, W. J. Gartner, Gustave Nelson, Mildred
Al. Overfelt, Irving P. Flenning, Edward God-
frey, Alatilda Godfrey, Alary '"E. Flatch, Nils
Anderson, Emily Al. Flanson, Airs. J. P. FIU-
dreth. Airs. Alary Stone, Airs. Otto Van Dor-
sten, Airs. Sue J. Seybolt, Eugene Knicker-
bocker, Airs. Flora 1. Saxe, Chas. W. Kenvon,
Airs. E. J. Kell, H. G. Dodds, Airs. AL E.
Pvle, Airs. Alar}- 0\-erfelt, (_). F. Gohranson,
\V. F. Chipman, J. G. Reid, John AA'idney, \\^.
E. Gage, Ed. Halc)', Airs. Emma Laird, Airs.
Luvena Selfridge, Airs. Louise Collins, Geo.
Brav, C). F. Gohranson. Jr., Airs. B. F. Lirt-
zinger. Airs. Al. J. Ashmore, Airs. J. D. Guer-
raz, Alar)- Z. CJakes, E. T. Sawyer. Charles

D. Svkes, former president, died on July 7,
lQ20,'at Boulder Creek.

The objects of the societ)- are to culti\-ate
Social intercourse: to lorm a more perfect
union among its memliers ; to create a fund
ior charitable purposes; to assist in burying
the dead and assisting the afilicted ; to create
a bond of regard and friendship among the
memliers of the societ)-; to establish a -lib-
rar\-. collect minerals, relics, heirkioms, cur-
iosities and articles of intrinsic and historical
A-alue of pioneer da)-s ; to collect and pre-
ser\"e information concerning its members,
and other pioneers; statistics and data of the
liioneer history of the county and state; to
recei\-e donations and becjuests, to hold and
use the same so as best to transmit to future
generations a faithful and cr)rrect histor^- of
the i)ast, so as to maintain, as far as possilde,
a continuit)- of historic narrative for the fu-
ture.

Harr)- Jubilee Bee, ^vhose career has been
sketched in an earlier chapter, died in San
Luis Obispo in 1898. He was the oldest pio-
neer in California and he furnished much in-
teresting material to .V. P. Alurgotten ^\-hile
that gentleman was publishing and editing
T'/ic Pioneer. Bee took a prominent part in
the first hanging of Americans in California.
In Jul)-. 1849, Bee and a number of San Jose-
ans ^vere at work in the mines of Dry Creek,
near the upper fork of the American River.
The adjoining camp ^vas occupied by a com-
panv of miners composed of Peter Haggerty,
of San Jose, a man named Griffin, and fi^-e de-
serters from Stevenson's regiment. Three of
the deserters were named Campbell, Freers
and Davis.

23-' HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Haggerty's party had good luck at the dig- short time liefore, having left the wounded
gings and one day, about the middle of July, German at Livermore's. Dr. Ben Cory was
a large bag of gold dust was exhibited to Bee sent out to attend t(] him. B.ce was informed
as a result of their labors. Haggerty was the of the robbery and from the description con-
treasurer and on that same da_\- Griffin came eluded that the Dr)- Diggings miners were the
to him and stated that the five deserters culprits. A search for them was at once in-
had concocted a scheme to steal the dust, and slituted and Campbell, Freers and Davis were
advised him to change the place of burial. traced to the house of Woods, the alguazil.
This ad\-ice was followed, but it afterwards on Santa Clara Street. I'.ee suspected Woods
appeared that the i\ve men were watching of complicitv in the hiding of the deserters
him while he ^\■as making the change. The and upon his statement Woods was removed
next day the deserters came to Haggerty and from liis official jxisition by the alcalde, and
demanded a settlement and a division of the l'>ee, who had liefore held the office, was
dust. Maggerty \\-ent out to obtain the bag appointed in his place.

and was alarmed and surprised to find that ]>ee at (-)nce went at work. That night he
it had lieen stolen. When he came back and rai.sed a posse of men, among them" Peter
announced the loss the five men began to Ouincv, Uncle Ike Branham, Charles White
laugh. As evidence to convict was lacking ajid Sanuud ^"oung. A sh(]rt time afterwards
the deserters were allowed to leave cam]). Camiibell and h'reers were decoyed into klee's
They were followed next day by Pjce and sh(je stnre in the old Lightston' building-, and
Haggerty, who arrived in San Jose early in arrested. A little later Davis was caught out-
August. ^i(]e tiie building. Three days afterwards the

The fi\'e deserters were there and in a short three men were brought before the alcalde for
time they had gambled away the stolen mon- trial, and mainh' through the testimony of the
ey. In ( )ctober the^• started fiack to the sailor, wdio ga\-e state's e\-idence and thus es-
mines. C)n the road from the Liverniore called punishment, the deserters wevQ convict-
ranch, in Alameda County, to the San Joacpnn ed and sentenced to be hanged. The same
Valley they fell in with a sailor, ^^■ho was also day — for the law mo\ed s-wiftly in these times
on his way to the mines, and he was induced — the men were taken to .Market ."-^ciuare and
to 1)ecome one of their party. When the San summarily executed. John Yontz acted as
Joacpiin was reached the i.iart}- of six came master of ceremonies. Bee ha\'ing been re-
upon t\\'o men — an .American and a German. leased frcjm that duty for the reason that he
It was customary in those claws, \\dien one had just baptized the men and thus became
man met another on the road to exchange their godfather. After life was extinct the
courtesies as follows: "Where ha\e you bodies were taken to Santa Clara and buried
been?" The answer \\ould jierhaps be : "r\e in the Catholic Cemeterv.

been to the mines." Then the cpiestion would Lorenzo D. Stephens, a member of the Pio-

be : "How have you made it?" The mterro- neers and the last surviving member of the

gated party ^vould open his shirt and disclose famous Jayhawkers' party of gold seekers,

his pile, if he had anv. It was so in the whose terrible suffering in Death Valley in

case of the German. He was asked the usual 1849 forms a thrilling chapter in the history

question and the bag of dust was disclosed. "f the California gold rush, died mi an < )akland

The American had no monev. hospital in February, 1922, at the age of 93.

That night the two parties camped near ^^'^ residence was in San Jose and for over

each other. In the evening Campbell pro- se^'enty years he was a picturesque figure m

posed to rob the German and his companions ^^'"' ^'^'^ "^ ^^'''"t'' ^lara County. His wife died

except the sailor, assented at once. -Xfter m January, 1922. He is survived by a daugh-

some argument the sailor was induced to go ^'=''' ^^'''- ^'-mma Falconer, of Berkeley, and a

along. At midnight, Campbell, Freers and """•,'■''■ ^- V' ^J^^l''^*^"/' '"* '^e'-^ttle. Wash.

Davis relieved the V.trnum of his earnings , ^^"^ records of the Jayhawkers shows that

the sailor acting as guard, after which the' ^Y^j 'l''^ ^^'' first people with the exception

victim was shot in the arm "for fun." The '/ T T' ' ^et foot in Death \ alley ; the

robbers then started back in the direction of ^*^*° chscover silver m Nevada and the first

San Jose. At a Mexican ranch near where *", .'Ij^Y'''"" ^ "f f '?'"'''', ^^P°t;!^

tin„ t, ,.,,n .{ 7>i^n^.,„t „ „ ( 1 ji ^ T which fiavc provcd of such great value to the

the town ot J leasanton now stands, thev st(jle • i i, n -n- i- • .1

1 /pi r ,, , ,, - ,, commercial world. Unwilling discoveries they

six horses. I he t>wner f(jllowe(l them to San i • rr^ . , '^r • ^ -^u

T 1 jTt 1 ■ ii ^ ^1 1 , , were, during hftv-two days of existence with

ose, and after learning that they ha( camue* 1 ^ Ti'ici j- u-u

■■ ., , , u 1 1 -r ,, ,^ L almost no food, and five days during which

m the mustard, on the banks of the Guac a- <i ■*!, <- 1 c ' 4.

, , ■, r , , , , thev were -without a drop of water,

lupe about two miles from the pueblo, he came The party originally numbered thirty-five

to town and no^tified Harry Bee of his loss men and included one woman, the wife of a

and discovery. The Air,erican had come in a i^reacher, and several children. They set out

HISTOID' Ol' SANTA CLARA CoUN'PY

2^.^

with nx teams fr<mi dalfshurt;, 111., ci \p -i 5,
1849, and passed safely thrdU.i^h Sail Lake City
late in July. The season \\'as late when they
arrived at the MUrnion eapital and repcirls
were reeeixed tellinu' of the awful experienees
of the Donner party on the northern route to
the ijold fields — experienees which forced some
members of that party into cannibalism to
prolong- life. Other wagons joined with the
Jayhawkers in forming a train of 107 wagons
at Salt T.ake City \\'ith the idea of retuhing
California from Salt T^ake by a southern route.

All went well until 250 miles south of Salt
Lake, when, disregarding the adxiee of their
guide, they started due westward in an effort
to cut off several hundred miles. The distance
by the map looked short and easy.

The train proceeded ^vitho^lt incident until
they came to a sheer precipice of a thousand
feet or more in the Wasatch Mountains. Since
progress seemed impossible the majority of
the train resoKed to follow the advice of their
guide and turn southward again to the Santa
Fe trail. The Jayhawkers, ho\\e\er, explored
for a descent and found it. .Not realizing what
they were doing they then embarked on a
journe}- across the C^ireat American desert.
Four months were required in traversing- about
800 miles of this desolate region, fifty-two days
of which they were without food, except as
thev killed their starving cattle. The little
water found was mostl)- alkaline and unfit to
drink. One member of the party, crazed by
suffering, wandered away and was lost. Three
other members of the part}- lay down on the
trail and died.

The one woman of the part was forced to
listen to her suffering little ones plead for a
drink. Sometimes as man>- as five fla}-s would
pass before they could plunge their swollen
tongues in the alkaline springs. The wagons
were cut to carts and the carts in turn gave
wav to pack saddles in an effort to facilitate
progress through the sands.

The imprint of death was on the faces of
the members of the party when two men form-
ing an advance party sighted the ranch of Don
Juan Salazar in the Santa Clara Valley. The
plight of the party was made known anfl
vaqueros went to their assistance. This rescue
occurred on February 4, 1850, a date always
observed in the reunions of the members of
the Jayhawkers, which were held annually
until three years ago, then ceased, as Lorenzo
Dow Stephens was the sole survivor.

American Legion

The American Legion is a fraternal club. It
was organized on October 4. 1919. The plat-
form, as set forth in the constitution, is as
follows :

"For God and country, we associate our-
selves together for the following purposes :

"To ui)hold and defend the constitution of
the fTnited Slates of .America; to maintain
law and order; to foster and per|)etuate a one-
hundred per cent An-iericanisn-i ; to ])reser\'e
the memories and incidents of our associalioi-i
in the ('.reat War; to iiiculc;ile a sense of
individual obligation to the community, slate
and nation; to combat the autocracy of both
the classes and the masses; to m;ike right the
master of might; to pron-iote ])eace and good
will on earth; to safegtuird and transmit to
jdisteritv the principles of justice, freedon-i
and democrac}- ; to consecrate and sanctify
our comradeshii) bv our devotion to mutual
helpfulness."

"The American Le.gion is to be commended
in its efforts to enlist the n-ien-ibership of
e\ery honcirably discharged soldier, sailor and
marine \\-ho served his country in the late
war. This organization has before it a great
work if it is to accon-iplish its ideals in creat-
ing a true spirit (jf patriotisn-i among the Am-
erican citizens, which shall be as energetic
and powerful in tin-ies of peace as was that
spirit in the dark days of war. The Grand
.\rmy of the Republic has done a great work
and has stood as a magnificent example be-
fore the American youth since the days of the
Civil War, ever instilling in our ])eople, by
precept and example, love of country and en-
forcement of law and order. We cannot mea-
sure the benefits of this great organization
nor ever pay the defjt of gratitude which we
owe it. But the ranks of the Grand Army of
the Republic have become so diminished dur-
ing the past few- years that but a handful of
the grand old veterans still remain. It is for
this new organization, made up of the ^'et-
erans of the \\'orld War, to assume the toga
of its similarly patriotic predecessor, and car-
ry forward its cherished ideals. There is no
organization like the Legion, made up as it
IS "of a million and one-half men and women
who answered the call of home and country,
which has forsworn any policy of a partisan
or political nature, and whose whole endeav-
or is to furnish our country with protection,
both from its enemies within as well as those
without. It is an organization which caters
to neither class nor mass, but stands for the
enforcement of the will of the sovereign maj-
ority."

The Legion is open to army nurses as well
as to former soldiers. The membership is
1045, mainly from Santa Clara County. The
officers are : Archer Bowden, president ; Frank
V. Campbell, secretary. An employment bu-
reau is maintained ancl the finding of seventy-
five places per month has been the average.

234

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Law Library and Bar Association

The San Jtise Law Library was started in
1874 in the Knox Block. Its growth has been
steady and now there are over 6000 books on
the shelves. The Hbrarian is Louisa J. Spen-
cer, who has held the p<")sition for many years.
The directors are O. D. Richardson (chair-
man), Judge S. F. Leilj, N. Bowden, Judge
John E. Ricliards and Judge H. D. Tuttle.

The Bar .Association was formed in l';M5.
The ol'ficers are: John W. Sulli\an, president;
Matthew Mulcahy, secretary, and L. F. l*e-
tree, treasurer. The o])jects of the assricia-
tion are to advance the standard of the mem-
l)crs in moraLs and professional duties, to
prosecute memliers who are derehct in con-
duct, and to create a fraternal feeling among
the members. John W. Sullivari is chairman
of the committee on in\-esligation.

Housewives' League

To comljat the high cost of Hving by mak-
ing war on the profiteers, the San Jose House-
\\'ives' League was organized in Novemlier,
1919. There Ax-ere over 200 memijers on ]n\\
1, 1920. The officers are: Mrs. Paul Clark.
])residcnt; Mrs. M. \A'. Capp, secretar}-, and
Mrs. R. J. Lanford, treasurer. Mrs. J. F.
Hancock is butt'")n and membership superin-
tendent. The business of tlie League is to
gather and puljlish recipes for sugarless and
other cheap eataliles : to in\-estigate ca;-es of
])rofiteeriiig and ascertain wdiy the grr)cers
have to 'charge so much when the i)ro<huers
receive s<j little; and to Ioi")k into all matierh
connected with the high cost of li\ing. .\b
read}' much has been accomj^lished. Facls
have been gathered regarding profiteering
and when a case has been made the proper
officials kaxc lieen notified.

Daughters of the American Revolution

The Santa Ysabel Chapter of the Daughters
of the American Revolution was organizeil in
San Jose Xo\-einber 10, 1896. The charter
members xvere Mrs. Sutt(jn Palmer, Mrs.
William B. Gan(j, Miss M. Polhemus, Mrs.
\V. K. hieans, Mrs. M. 0. C.ates, .Miss ivlna
Leib, Mrs. T. Ellard Beans, Aliss I'Vances
Beans, Mrs. Pedro ^lerlin Lusson, Mrs. Paul
Furst, Miss Bessie Moore, Miss R(jwena
Beans. Miss Lida Leilj. 'idle regent, Mrs.
Samuel l^Tanklin Leib, \>.'as a])j)ointed ]>y the
then state regent, Afrs. X'irginia Kno.x Mad-
dox. Since then the list has l)een extended.
The cha]")ter meetings are held at the resi-
flences of the members. The geitealogie.'il
standing of all the mend)ers i,^ as follows:

Armstrong — Lida Campbell Leib, wife of
Charles Dorsey Armstrong; descendant of
Gen. William Russell; daughter of Judge

Samuel Franklin Leib and Lida Campbell
Leili, his \\ife. General Russell assisted in
establishing American Independence while
acting in the capacity of colonel from 1776
to 178,3; afterwards was brigadier-general.

Austin, Gertrude May, wife of Paul Page
-Vustin; descendant of Hezekiah Hutchins,
who \\-as a captain in Colonel Reed's regiment
of New Hampshire volunteers, at the Battle
of Bunker Plill, and who received his commis-
sion on the da)- of the battle. In 1776 he was
ca[)tain of the fourth company of Lieut. -Col-
onel AATlch's regiment and was present at the
l)attles around Saratoga and at the surrender
of Burgoyne.

Ballon, Katherine Jane Kiinl)all, wife of
fohn Ouincy Adams Pjallou, and descendant
of Edward Ainsworth, a physician and farm-
er, who was a private in Colonel Bellows' re-
giment, raised in 1776 to reinforce the army
in Canada. His name is on the payroll of
Colonel Bellows' regiment of militia in New
Hampshire, ^\d^ich went to reinforce the gar-
rison at Ticonderoga vdien besieged by the
British in June, 1777. Edward Ainsworth
was called "Lieutenant."

Barkau, Ella Plate, wife of Fritz Barkau,
'lescendant of Anthon\' Rutgers, who assisted
in establishing .Vmerican Independence while
acting as chafdain in the seci")nd c(nnpany of
artillery in New "^'ork Cit}'.

■Sarslow, r^lari,' Rhodes, wife of Alfred Bar-
stow, and descendant of Anthony Rhodes.
A\ ho -was a pri\'ate of the Fifth Company,
irommanded l)y Captain Carlisle, in Cidonel
Elliott's regiment. He also served as corporal
in Captain Randall's companv. Cidonel Wat-
terman's regiment.

iSarstow, Grace (Miss), descendant of
.Anthonv l-'hodes.

Ijcans, Charlotte I'.ray, wife of T. Ellard
Beans, anrl descendant of Dr. John Forman
G.randin, C S. N.. wdio served as surgeon in
the na\y during the latter [lart of the Revolu-
tionary A'ar.

I'eans, Rowena (Miss), desceitdant of Dr.
fohn Forman ('irandin.

P.eans, Frances (Miss), descendant of Dr.
( '.randin.

Ijeans, Gertriule INIoore. \\'ife of A\'illiam
!\no:; lieans, and flesccndant of Lieutenant
AVilliam ^loore, wdio xvas sergeant in the
'idnrd Virginia Regiment in 1776; ensign in
August, 1777; second lieutenant in 1777, and
iirst lieutenant in 17S0. In consideration of
his services in the Continental Army he was
given a grant of land — 2,6667^ acres.

Beans, Alildred Elizabeth (Miss), descend-
ant of Lieut. \\'illiam Moore.

ISeans, Alice Adelaide Waite (IMiss), des-
cendant of Capt. Joseph Jewett.

HISTORY (U' SANTA CLARA COUNTY

235

Bradford, Alice P>al1(ni, widow of Washer
Bradford ; descendant of Edward Ainsworth.

Connell, Nettie L. P)ast, wife of Manrice
Connell. and descendant of Capt. Jacob Clader,
who enlisted March 1, 1776, in the compan)-
commanded hv Rudolph Bernise. Second 15at-
talion of the Men of '76. He liecame corporal
July 1. 1776; captain. 1781. Also served sixty
da_\'s' fightini^- Indians (^n the frontier,

Kustace, Pessie Moore, wife of Herbert
Eustace, and descendant of Lieut. William
Moore.

Furst, E\^elyn IMoore Grissini, \\'idow of
Paul Furst. descendant of Gen, A\'illiam Rus-
sell.

Furst, Hannah Moore (Miss), descendant
of Gen. William Russell.

Gano, Jeanette Lafayette Grissim, wife of
AVilliam B. Gano, and descendant of Gen,
A\'illiam Russell.

Gates, -Vdaline At., widow of Freeman
Gates, and descendant of Jonathan Palmer,
who assisted in estaldishing American Inde-
pendence while ser\ino- as first lieutenant in
the Fifth Compan}- of Colonel Selden's regi-
ment of Connecticut volunteers.

Greenleaf, Mary Page Hathaway, widow of
George Ra^'enscroft Greenleaf, and' descendant
of Capt. Philip Hathaway, Jr., ^\•ho ^\-as cap-
tain in Col, Josiah Whitney's regiment.
Served in Rhode Island in 1777,

Guppy. Lucia Sophia Chase, ^\■ife of Ed-
ward H, Guppy, and descendant of Capt. Cor-
nelius Russell and Capt. Solomon Chase,
Captain Russell was corporal in the Lexing-
ton alarm of May, 1775. Enlisted as private
in 1775; advanced to first lieutenant and
served as such until 1783. Was AA'ashington's
secretary and was with Washington at Valley
Forge. Was oflicer of the day when Major
Andre Avas hanged. Capt. Solomon Chase
serA'ed in the regiment of his brother. General
Jonathan Chase, and also as surg'eon in an-
other regiment.

Kittredge, Martha Shale Kirk, widow of
-Ashbel S. Kittredge, and -descendant of
Thomas Bedford, Jr., who was a captain in
the Revolutionary Ami}'. Fie se\eral times
refused promotion as he would not be se])ar-
ated from the boys of his company, who had
been placed in his charge by their mothers.

Jordan, Jessie Knight, wife of David Starr
Jordan, and descendant of Phineas Knight,
who served as private in Capt. John Durkee's
company, Col. Israel Putnam's regiment, from
Alay to December, 1775. In Capt. Jonathan
Brewster's company in 1776: in Col. Benijahs
Leppingwell's regiment. 1777, and in Capt.
John Rile3''s company, February, 1781, to De-
cember 31, 1781.

Led)ard, Mary h'orman (Miss), descendant
of Benjamin Ledyard, who was captain oi the
First Ciintinental Infantry and distinguished
himself at tlie battles of Monmouth and White
Plains. . Fie A\as also one of the founders of
the Societ)' of the Cincinnati. Miss Ledyard
was also the great-great-granddaughter of
Youngs Led3rard. who was first lieutenant of
the Matross Artillery Comi)an)' at Groton.

Leib. Lida Campbell Grissim, wife of Jud.ge
Samuel Franklin Leib, and descendant of
General William Russell, Colonel of the Thir-
teenth Virginia. December, 1776; transferred
to Fifth Virginia, Septeml^er, 1778; taken pris-
oner at Charleston, May, 1780; exchanged,
November, 1780; served until Novemljer 3.
1783, ydien he was made brigadier-general.
Mrs. Leib was also the great-great-grand-
daughter of William Campliell, who was first
lieutenant of the First Virginia State Regi-
ment, and who was made captain January 16,
1779, and served until January, 1782.

Lusson, Elizalieth Stanley Xewton, \yife of
Pierre Merlin Lusson, and descendant of Col.
Thomas Newton, who was a meml^er of the
Constitutional Virginia Con\'ention ; Col. John
Baylor, aide to Washington ; John Wright
Stanley, who melted his family silver and
contriljuted $100,000 to Gen, Greene for arms
and ammunition ; Richard Cogdell, of North
Carolina, meml^er of the Provincial Congress
and secretary of the Committee of Safety,
Airs, Lusson died in San Jose August 2, 1903,

May, Ehza Reed, wife of Alpha Child :\Iay,
and descendant of Hezekiah Hutchins, Avho
was a captain in Colonel Reed's New Hamp-
shire regiment at the battle of Bunker Hill,
and was present at the surrenrler c)f Burgoyne,
He \\-as in the Cijntinental Arm}- in 1778.

May, Cornelia Alice (Miss), daughter of
Alpha C, May and Eliza Reed, his wife, and
descendant of Stephen May, a soldier in the
Continental Arm}-, who ser\-ed at Bunker Hill,
Co\\-pens and Trenton, ^Vlso, a lineal descend-
ant of Hezekiah Hutchins,

Maynard, Adele Merlin Lusson, wife of Blay-
ney Easterly Maynard, daughter of Mr. and
Ailrs. P. M. Lusson and descendant of Col. John
Armestead, Col, Thr)mas Newton, Col. b^hn
F]a}dor, John Wright, Stanley anfl Richard
Cogdell, all of wdiom rendered valuable serv-
ice during the Revolutionar\- "War.

Alaynard, Sue Davis, wife of Dr. Steidien C,
Maynard and descendant of Jacob ^'ount, who
served under General Greene during the mem-
orable campaign of 1781, until the enemy evac-
uated Charleston and General Greene's arm}-
disbanded ; also of George C. Yonnt, was a
lieutenant under General Boone in the War
of 1812,

236

HIST(1RY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Palmer, Maud IMoorc, wife of H. Sutton
Palmer and descendant of I^ieut, William
Moore.

Parkinson, lulith A'allette, wife of Charles
Roseberry Parkinson and descendant of Sam-
uel Dinsmore, ^xliri \\-as a pri^•ate, Januarv.
1776, in Capt. Nathan AA'atkins' company. Col.
Edward Phinney's regiment. f)n the march
to Ticonderoga he died of small-pox.

Pierce, Elise Furst, wife of Lester Pierce
and descendant of Gen. AA'illiam Russell ;
daughter of Paul Furst and Evelyn Moore
Grissim, his wife.

Pierce, ^larian Percey Thurston, wife of
James Henry Pierce and descendant of Rich-
ard Thurston, who was captain of Second
Company of Infantry of Rowley, now George-
town. Mass., in 1757. In 1770 he was member
of a committee tn pre\'ent llritish im])orta-
tions. His son, Da\-id, served at ^•arious times
as a private during the Revolutionary "\A^ar.

Plate, Mary Mizner, first wife of Karl H.
Plate and descendant fif Anthony Rutgers,
who was captain of Second Company of Ar-
tillery in New York Citv. :Mrs. Plate died in
August, 1900.

Plate, Elizabeth Everett Groves, second
wife of Karl H. Plate and descendant of Rob-
ert Clark, captain of Virginia troops in 1778:
also (if Capt. John Trigg, another captain of
Virginia troops in 1778.

Polhemus, Margaret (Miss), descendant of
Major John Polhemus, who, at se\'enteen
years of age served in the |)rovincial forces in
the disastrcius march against Fort Duquesne.
In 1759 he was one of the volunteers who
marched into Canada and did good service
under General Wolfe. Fie received a captain's
commission in 1775 in the First Battalion of
Jersey regulars under Lord v^terling. His
com])any, raised by him, was armed and
equipped at his own expense. He fought in
the battles of Ticonderoga, Long Island,
Princeton, (jermantown, Monmouth, Quebec,
Brandywine and Valley Forge. At Valley
Forge he \vas appointed major of his regi-
ment, the Jersey Blues. He died in Philadel-
[jhia on his ninety-fourth birthday and was
l)uried with military honors. He entered the
war affluent and left it with but a ])ittance.
Miss Polhemus is also a descendant of John
Hart, one of the signers of the Declaration of
Independence.

Reed, Julia Russell, wife of Thomas Harri-
son Reecl and descendant of John Da\'is, who
served as substitute for his father in the Am-
]:(oy expedition. In 1777 he enlisted in Cap-
tain Butler's company and \vas afterwards
transferred to Cajjtain McClelland's company.
He was at Trenton and Princeton and crossed
the Delaware with Washington. Took part

in the battle of Brandywine. Was in the bat-
tle of Germantown, of Monmouth, Valley
Forge and all the impijrtant events of 1778.
He partici])ated in the campaign of 1729 and
was with Wayne in the attack on Stony Point.
A\'as wounded in the attack on the block house
at Bergin Point. Was one of the guards at
the execution of Major Andre and went south
with part of the Pennsylvania line in 1781.
V^as ])resent at Yorktowm when Cornwallis
surrendered. Was honorably discharged in
1781. holding the rank of ensign.

Smith, Harriet Louise Corwin, wife of Pn^f.
Leigh Richmond Smith, descendant of Capt.
Thomas Lucas, who was first lieutenant in
the regiment of Colonel IVIorgan in 1777. Was
after\\'ards made captain.

Singletar^', Florence Grigsb}', widow of
Emor\- Curtis Singletary, descendant of Mas-
sev Thomas, ^vho ser^•ed as a private in the
company of Ca])tain Gillson. Sixth Virginia
Regiment, commanded by Col. John Green.
He enlisted December 31, 1776, and ser\-ed
three years.

Thompson, l^lizal)eth Whitne^■ liland,
^vidow of Col. Henry E. Thompson and de-
scendant of Josiah I-tallard, a private in 1777
in the company of Capt. John Trask, Col. Da-
\'k1 Leonard's regiment. Marched to Ticon-
deroga. He was also in the company of Capt.
Ebenezer Goodale. Col. Samuel Williams'
re.giment in the same year, and marched to
join the n<irthern arm^'.

AVaite, Alice C, wife of Melville M. AVaite
and descendant of Capt. Joseph Jewett, who
was ca])tain in Colonel Huntington's Conti-
nental Regiment. After the siege of Boston
they marched, under General W^ashington, to
New York and remained in that vicinity until
the close of the }ear 1776. He was at the
B>attle of Long Island. During the engage-
ment Colonel Huntington's regiment was com-
pelled to surrender, after an exhibition of great
bra\'er}', having been surrounded by the
enemy. After the surrender Captain Jewett
recei\'ed several bayonet wounds from a das-
tardly foe, from the effects of which he died.
He was of elegant and commanding a])pear-
ance, of unquestioned Ijravery and much re-
spected and beloved.

AA'eston, Abbie May Bunker, wife of Benja-
min F, Weston and descendant of Jcinathan
Puinker, who enlisted in the Continental Army
for the term of the war. He died in 1796. He
ser\'ed for three years and was in most of the
big battles. B>unker Hill was named after his
ancestor, George Bunker, who came to Amer-
ica in 1640. Mrs. Weston claims lineal de-
scent from eight ancestors who served the
country during the Revolutionar)- War.

lllSTokN' ol' SANTA CLAl-JA CoUN'IA'

27^7

^\'^io-ht, Susie Haxis, wife of iM'ank X'ineent
Wright, deseemlant nf lienjaniiii liiitteriieUl,
who was a heutenaiit in C'ol. v^eth \Varner's
regiment of "Green Mountain llnxs" in 1777.
He served until 1780.

A\'right, Etlna Warren l.cil). wife of \\'illi;ini
Hammond Wright, descendant of ('.eneral
W'illiam Russell.

W yatt, Camille Talmer. wife of lien Harri-
son AX'yatt and descendant of Lieut. W'illiam
Aloore.

The present officers of the chapter are Mrs.
Samuel Franklin Leib, regent; Mrs. P)la^■ne\-
]\laynard, ^ ice regent; Mrs. Maurice Connell,
registrar; }ilrs. Charles R. Parkinson, treas-
urer; }vlrs. Elizalieth R\erett Plate, corre-
sponding secretary.

Musical Clubs and Record

Up to the '60s music in v^an jose hail not
reached be}-ond the stage of ^■er\■ amateur
performances. Puit \\hen musical courses
were placed on the list of studies at the College
of Xotre Dame. Santa Clara College and Prof.
Freman Gates' San Jose Institute, the musical
tone of the community was both strengthened
and improved. Soon teachers of ability and
eminence began to come in, the first of wdiich
were Mr. and Mrs, A, N, Hamm, They arri^■ed
in the '60s and sc)on made their work and in-
fluence felt. Airs, Hamm. with her clear, bird-
like soprano, had 1)een an operatic singer in
the East and Mr. Hamm, a 1)ass(), had ap-
peared often in concerts. They opened a
school, secured many pupils and gave man\-
public entertainments. Among the local sing-
ers of those davs were Ella Bassett (Mrs.
Goodsell), Ella 'Cook (Mrs. Stark), Mary
Rhodes (Mrs. Barstinv), Beatrice Lawrey
(Mrs. Hollenbeck), Alar_\" Youngberg, (icorge
Pomeroy, D. B. Moody, Ben Caswell, Charles

F. Alacy, Elliott Reed, H. A. Keinath and C.
C. Cook. Later came R. B. Crichton, A\'. A.
Parkhurst, (jrace Greene, Mrs. W'. .V. Mc-
Leod. Delia Marvin, [ennie McLeod. Lois
Singletary, Will Her\'ey, Elmer Chase, Henry
C. Alurgotten, and se^'eral others.

J. H. Ellwood arrived in the early se\enties
and in September, 1875, organized the Handel
and Haydn Society with the following charter
members: V>. F. Caswell, J. H. Ellwood, George
Pomeroy, A\'. A. Parkhurst, A. P. iMurgotten,

G. E. L'ighthall, R. B. Crichton, Elliott" Reed,
Alfred Barstow, W'. D. St. Claire, Charles
E. Schroeder, E. Rousseau, J. W. Pembroke,
C. T. Bird and Mesdames J. H. Ellwood, A.
Barstow, B. E. Hollenbeck, E. P. Reed, Elliott
Reed, L. A. Tuck, A. E. Pomeroy, H. S. Foote,
A. M. Crichton, W. D. St. Clair, E. Rousseau
and Miss Delia Marvin, Allie ALirvin, Eillie
Johnson, Nora Willey, Mary W'illey, Fannie

Williams, Ivnma Pend>roke, Sallie Webb. The
original officers were: IClliott Reed, president;
.Mrs. I'l. L. I lollenbeck, \ ice-])resident ; (ieorge
I'omerow secretary; ('.. \\. Lighthall, treasur-
er; W, I). St. Clai'r. librarian; J. H. I^lwood,
conductor; Miss Lucy Washburn, pianist.
The society was in existence for several years.
It was succeeded l)y the Philharmonic Society,
which also was short li\ed.

In 188,^ Prof. \. \\, l^ainev and Clarence T
Lrmy arrived in San fose to add strength and
artistic ability to the local musical coterie
I.etore them had come Pfenrv L. Schemmel
luanist and vocalist .and Miss'Fre.lerika Hoff-
man, a lover and interpreter of Chopin. Prof
kainey was for many vears a teacher of v,,cai
music, while Mr. Crmv, after a l.,ng peri,,d ,,f
taithtui and distinguishe<l work is n,,w a mem-
ber ot the taculty of the State Xormal Schind
a power for good in the musical dei^artment'
He IS also one ot America's popular poets, his
puldished verse having been in evidence f,,r
twenty-odd years.

In the nineties a new artist appeared upon
the scene m the person of Frank Loui King, a
liorn musician, composer and leader He' es-
tablished the King Conservatory of Mnsic and
was for several years dean of the Conservatory
ot Music at the College of the Pacific He
died several years ago. FIis familv inherited
his tastes, his son Frank Giorza King taking
charge of the Conser^•atorv of Music, while
his daughter. Miss Luena King, won laurels
Ijoth as a performer and comi)oser The air
was charged with music with Ellwood and
King m town. Several musical clubs and
quartets were formed and nianv entertain-
ments were given. The D'Ablaing brothers,
Fritz and George, were the next arrivals. ( )ne
was a violinist, the other a cellist, and their
orchestra furnished San (t.se some of the best
music It had ever listened to,
^ Other teachers and performers were Prof.
G. M. Schuck, Prof. Everett Ponierov, I'roL
Z. M. Parvin and Miss Finilv PeelnV. The
Burrows Musical Kindergarten and the Fael-
ton Fundamental System "were first introduced
to San Jose by :\Iiss Peelor.

In later years San Jose has listened to the
peerless singing of Mrs. Hillman-Smith, Mrs.
13. J. Gairaud, Mrs. .-V. S. Bacon, Miss Lulu
Pieper, Mrs. Mary Weaver McCauley, Miss
Mary Webster, Georgia Ryder, .Mrs. Mil-
dreth Spencer Hartman, and the fine instru-
mental work of Clarence Urmv, Mrs. H. B.
Worcester, (;, C. Puichrer, Mrs,' Lames |. Con-
nell, Mrs. William J. Leet, Fred' C. lirohaska,
Tilhe Brohaska, Miss ]\Lay D'Oyley, Miss Isa-
bel Longdon, Miss Augusta Schroeder, Miss
i\Imee Auzerais and many others. Miss Grace
Barstow makes vitdins artistically and plays

238 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

them exquisitely. Before her marriage to women took hold \\-ith a will, and by their

Prof. Joseph E. llancoek, prineijial of the gifts, their vision of the needs of girls and

Grant School, Airs. Hancock, then Lessie young womanhood, and by their indefatigable

Rainey, was an accomplished mistress of the energy, made its constructicm possible. The

violin. Since her marriage she has ceased initial gift of $25,000 ^vas made by Mrs. Maria

playing that instrument in public, though she P. Schofield, ^^ho, without girls of her own,

has not gi\en up her musical studies. She is reached out to the needs of all girls, and was

a musical com])oscr of surpassing ability and quickly followed b}' contributions ranging

her efforts in this line have been heard and from fift\" cents to $2000.

appreciated in the se\"eral operettas produced The e.xj^ert work of the National Y. '\\\ C.

at the Grant School. A. secretaries was a re\'elation to the workers

The singing and acting cif the late Charles in San Jose, who had not before realized that

W. Williams vastly entertained San joseans women could l)e so efficient and far-seeing,

for many }-ears. Under his management there The efforts of Miss Schoole}', Miss Jaynes,

were prochiced at the \'ictor}- and California Miss Lee and Miss Ristine \\\\\ long be held

theaters those la\-orite light operas, "f)li\'ette," in grateful memor}- b}- those who A\-ere ]n'i\'i-

"The Mikado," "Patience," "Pirates of Pen- leged to share in them.

zance," and "The ^ilasccit." He \vas a singing Mrs. D. A. Pjcattie \vas the first president
comedian and would have made a fortune on and opened the first year's ^\-(lrk ^\'ith the fol-
the professional stage had he not elected to re- lowing board of directors: Mrs. (rcorge Gil-
main in San Jose and de\'ote himself tfj ncAX's- man, Mrs. J. P. J. Tuthill, Mrs. J. A\\ Crider,
paper AA'ork. He was the founrler and for ATrs. A\'. C. Curtner, Mrs. T. A. Manning,
manv years the ]niblisher of the Evening Neius. Mrs. S. B. vSquires, Mrs. Arthur AA'ashburn,

C)f the singers in San Jose at the present ^I'ss ALarv Helen Post, Miss Ruth Laird Kim-
time, there are Chester Tderold. .\mos A\'il- l^-'iH. ^H-'^s Frances Schallenberger, Mrs. Dr.
liams, Rov Thompson, Frank Towner, Dr. Charles T-Iare, Miss Elizabeth AVoodhams, Miss
C. Al. Richards, Dr. M. F. Jlopkins, A\'. E. Carlotta \\'ood. Through the courtesy of
Johnson, Miss Olga Braslan, Miss Lulu Piep- "t'le national board, the Associatir.n was able
cr, Airs. Hillman-Smith, Mrs. A. S. Bacon, t(-) have the services of ATiss Julia T. Lee in
Airs. D. J. Gairaud, Alary Webster and oth- following up the campaign work and later the
ers. Among the teachers are Airs. Hillman- directors secured for the general management.
Smith, Airs. Gairaud, Aliss AA'ebster, Afiss Miss Ada B. Hillman and an able corps of de-
Louisa Simpson, Airs. Kerwin, F. E. Blick- partment secretaries. Aliss Plillman served
felt, Iva Brown, (^,. H. D'.Milaing, lilanche efficiently for three }'ears and was succeeded
Fox, J. L. AlcPJonnell, Airs. E. B. AlcDowell, ''y ^'^i?^ Emma Palmer, an inrlustrial expert.
Bertha Scmple, Aliss Aland Caldwell, AA'alter ^h^-' '» the present general secretary.
P.. Kennerly, Airs. Daisie L. Brinker, Airs. P'lla The beginning of an endowment fund was
Cook Stark, L. V. Brant. in a bequest of $500 from the late Airs. Crum-

The Y. W. C. A.

mey. Other wills ha^'e been made, bearing the
Association in mind, in bequests which wdll
A matter of ^dtal interest to Santa Clara increase this fund. /

Cfiunty during recent years has been the erec- Nothing short of a detailed description of

tion and equipment of a structure for the the various departments of Association work
\oung AA'omeis Christian Association. The ^ould give any adequate idea of what is now
idea of having an up-to-date plant, fitted m i,eing done for girls and voung women in this
every way to aid in supplying the ])hysical, i.uikling. It is impossible to estimate the
social and spiritual needs of the girls and ^.ai„e of this preventive and constructive work
young women in San Jose and vicinity, was ,n the communitv, and so notable a beginning
conceived m Jime. 1914 and carried out dur- ^,,--,^^^ ^^ly ^o enlargement and greater use^-
ing 1915 and 1916, until its realization at the fulness

dedication of the building on Alay 14, 1916.
Its cost in round numbers was $78,000, and the

The officers for 1922 are A/Trs. D. A. Beattie,

1 LS LOSL 111 ] OllUU 1IHIUI;C1 n Wtt.-!, ,p/ 0,000, ailU L e ,-,,-„c.;,lcv,4- . AT' T TA 1 i 1-

■ ■ cjoooo 4*1 4-1-1 1 • .• president; Aliss Lucy Tarleton, recordme sec-

remaming $30,000, ot the total subscription L+^v,. • at,-- r ^ ■ -d <.<- I-

rcMOQom „ }( c ■ 1- 1- letarv, i\iis. Lassie Burnett, corresponding

of $108,000, was used for furnishing and equip- ^.^.-n-t-,,-,- . ^,-,,1 <\u- j 'r c t-u ^

. r ■, ■ , . ,^ ' ' setretai}', and Airs. L. I. Smith, treasurer,

ment for its ^'arlous departments. , v .^n ^ .

It was the result of months of careful plan- Club La France

ning and thought on the part of the Avomen 'plie Clul) La France of San jose was or-

whose idealism, concurring with the ])o\ver of ganized on October 26 1902 The object was

the moment, served to produce it— a lasting to get all the French-Americans together for

monument to the vreion and enterprise of the benevolent, patriotic and social purpo'ses. Ever

good people of San Jose. Alen as well as since the organization the club has yearly

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

239

arranged for and carried imt the celebration oi^
the Fall of the Bastile on jnly 14. In IQJO the
affair was held at Eastside Park. In addition
to dancing, the singing- of the IMarseillaise and
the Star Spangled Piai^ner, Dr. A. C. Jayet de-
livered a stirring atldress, first in French and
then in English. The clnli is caring for six
orphans, made so by the Enropean war, and
a part of the proceeds of the celebration will
go toward the maintenance of the orphatis,
the rest for the benefit of the F'rench section
of the pnblic library. The officers of the so-
cietv are: lean Costere, presitlent; Josepli Sa-
batte, Nice-i^residcnt ; Justin Easalle. secre-
tary: directors, Frank Ouement, Jean Verdier,
P. Sal)atte. I3uring the \\'ar the clnli gaA-e
balls to raise fnnds for French and P)elgian re-
fugees, liought Liberty bonds, hcl]")ed the Red
Cross, and spent mone^• freelv for other things
. in aid of the American cause.

The Boy Scouts

The Bov Scouts of America were organized
in 1910. 'in 1916 Rev. Frank J. Rlcl'.ain in-
inaugurated the movement in San Jose by the
formation of a troop of school boA's. The
public encouragement given induced the for-
mation of other troops so that at the end of
four 3-ears there were nine troops and one pat-
rol in San Jose and six troops in the country.
The oath is as follows: "On my honor I will
do mv best to do my duty to God and m}-
countrv and olie}- the Scout law ; to help others
at all times, to keep myself physically strong.

nientally awake, and morally strai.ght." The
Scout law imi)oses these rules: Be trust-
^vorth)', loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous,
kmd, (il)e(lient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean
and reverent.

In 1917 and 1918, while America was at war
with Cerman)' the Boy Scouts of the city and
county did valiant work for the various com-
mittees, in planting war gardens, selling thrift
and war sa\-ing stamps, Libert)- bonds. Red
Cross stami-)s, and m acting as distril)utors of
l)atriotic literature. In fact thev did every-
thing that was required of them and more.
J. II. Rainwater is the executi\-e officer.

Loyal Italo-American Club

The L'lyal Italo-American Club was organ-
ized in ]9l9 with a membership of Aa'c. In
1922 the roll showed over 603 names. The
organizers ^vere 1). Rl. Denegn, j^rtsident ;
I). Can-ipisi, F. Ivuiz, Frairk Cavallaro ar.d C.
D. Ca\-allaro. It is the purpose of the club
to bring Italians together and b\- cooperation
instill into their minds a respect and admira-
tion for American institutions. Love for Amer-
ican ideals should, according to one of their
orators, be theirs always. The officers in 1920
-were: D. M. Denegri, president: Joseph Spin-
elli, yice-president : R. C). Maino, secretar-s',
and Paul Cavala, treasurer. On Juh^ 11, 1920,
more than a thousanrl people attended the
annual picnic at Eastside Park. The pro-
ceeds were used in fitting up the club rooms.

CHAPTER XXIV.

The Civic and Kindred Associations of San Jose — The Work of the Chamber
of Commerce and Merchants' Association — One Hundred Per Cent Club
and the Labor Organizations — Rotary and Civic Welfare Clubs.

The San Jose Chamber of Commerce is the
successor in interest of the old San Jose
Board of Trade. There was a board in 1874
but it was organized purely for commercial
purposes. George B. McKee was president
and E. H. Swarthout, secretary. The .great-
est problem with which it had to wrestle was
the adjustment of the ditiference between gold
and silver coin. In those times silver was at
a discount of from one-cjuarter to three per
cent, and to retail dealers this was a matter
of considerable importance. They were prac-
tically compelled to receive silver from their
customers and to settle with the wholesalers
on a gold basis. At this time, too, the trade

dollar came into circulation and tended tO'
complicate matters. The board succeeded in
putting all transactions on a gold footing. An
attempt was also made to prevent the collec-
tion of the merchandise tax ^^'hich was then
imposed. Money was raised b}' subscription
to contest the collection in the courts. Before
anyone was found willing to act as defendant
in a laftrsuit the board dissolved and the mone)'
was used to assist Edward Martin, a merchant
of Santa Cruz, in a suit iiiA-olving the same
question.

A Board of Trade to treat with matters of
general interest, was organized September 27,
1886, with the following directors : D. B.

240 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Moody, president; A. Friant, first vice-presi- streets, the intention being to erect a four-
dent ; William Osterman, second vice-presi- story block on the entire First Street front-
dent; Frank Stock, treasurer; G. W. James, A. age, from St. John Street to the Court House,
Barker, W. C. Andrews, P, Etchebarne, Jo- Tyler Beach agreeing to turn in the St. James
seph Enright. S. A. Barker was selected as at- Hotel property to assist in the enterprise. In
torney and E. B. Lewis as secretary. examining the title it was found that the prop-
Early m 1888, at the request of manv promi- erty could not be alienated at that time, inas-
nent citizens the Board took in hand the mat- '""^li as it included the interest of certain
ter of inducing immigration to the county. '"m'T lieirs. For this reason the project was
An executive committee, consisting of Dr. C. abandoned, but the movers m the matter did
W. Breyfogle, A. Friant and J. H. Barbour, 'it't abate their efforts. A stock company was
was appointed and for several months they formed and the old homestead property of
gave almost their entire time to the work as- Josiah Belden, on First Street near Empire,
signed to them. Thev sent an agent to Los ^^'as ])urchased. It contained eleven acres
Angeles to meet Eastern people coming into pFmted as a park. The owner at the time of
the state bv the southern route and spent'^much the sale was C. H. Maddox and it required
money m 'advertising the resources of the #60,000 to make the purchase. With this ac-
county, both in California and the East. The (piisition the Hotel A'endome may be said to
room.s of the board in the Bank of San Jose liave originated.

building \yere supplietl with a fine exhibit of The company was organized August 11,

the different products of the soil and excur- 1887, with the fnlkjwing board of directors:

sions from \'ari(jus points were brought to the [. 1!. Randol, Dr. A\\ vS. Thiirne, Dr. J. S.

city. So effectnely \\-as the work done that I^otts, L. Lion, C. A\'. Breyfogle, A. McDonald,

the "boom" came before it was expected. In 'J\ v^. Montgomer}-, F. H. Malniry and Gus

August the rush began and in a week from its Lion. The stock was placed at $10 per share

ccmimencement the sales of real estate ran up in order that all who wished might assist in

to a million dollars and the county recorder this great im])ro\einent. Enough of the shares

\\'as compelled to quadruple his force in order \\-ere soon sold to warrant the commencement

to take care of the instruments presented ftjr of the i)resent magnificent Iniilding. The es-

record. Values doulded before the month was tiniated cost was $250,000. Afterwards addi-

out and hundreds of acres (jf new land in the tions were made, bringing the cost up to over

^■icinity of San Jose ^\'ere subdivided into lots $300,000.

and sold. Country land was cut up into five Jn the spring of 1887, the board presented
and ten acre tracts and during the season these a petition to the mayor and common council,
tracts were planted in trees and vines. The asking that body tt) call a special election to
wild excitement subsided after a time, but decide whether or not the city should issue
there has been a steady increase in values ever bonds to raise money for necessary public im-
since. pro\'ements. Two elections for this j^urpose
One of the first propositions brought be- had been held liefore this, and on each occa-
fore the board was that of building a mam- sion the bond proposition had been defeated.
moth hotel for the accommodaticm of visitors Jt was thought it would meet a similar fate
to the city. It had been advertised among nn^. The call was made, however, and the
tourists that San Jose had no adequate hotel l),,ard, with the assistance of the press, pre-
accominodations for any cf>nsiderable number sented the matter in such an urgent manner
of visitors, and although this was not true, it that the bonds were ordered to be issued,
had the effect of keeping away many desirable Pr,,^ this action came substantial bridges, a
tourists. The Board of Trade could n,.t itself new citv hall, important improvements at
build the hotel, but it could and did, give the Alum Rock and St. Lames parks, a perfected
undertaking its active and moral support, sewerage svstem and convenient crosswalks.
Public opinion was practically unanimous in 'phg first 'executive committee <if the board
regard to the necessity of the enterprise and resigned in fune, 1887, at which time a new
there were assurances that the capital stock committee, consisting of Henry Phelps, N.
would be promptly supplied. The question of Cadwallader and W^'V. Adel, was appointed,
location was most diflicult to settle. It was This new committee took up the work where
proposed that permission should be asked of the old. committee had laid it down and suc-
the city authorities to place the hotel in the cessfullv carried it forward. .V display of
center of St. James Park, but it was soon as- county products was made at the Mechanics'
certained that the city could not grant this Fair, San Francisco, at the Iowa State Fair,
privilege. Negotiations were then entered into at Columbus, Ohio, at the Chicago World's
for the purchase of the Morrison lots, at the Fair in 1893, and at the San Francisco Mid-
northwest corner of First and St. John winter Fair.

H1S'P(>R^■ Ol' SAX'LW CLARA CcjUNTV

241

In I'-IOO the hoard C(>nchi(U'il to t;o out of
business and let a new hody, Ihe |n-esent
Chamber of Coninierce, continue the n'lnid
work. Much was done by the new l>ody in
the first \'ears of its existence. New rooms
in the old Music Hall buildint^- were taken
and a renewed campait;!! of achertisini;" was
undertaken. 'IMie chamber was instrumental
in securing- appropriations for the State Nor-
mal and the ]niblic schoids, and in inducini;
easterners to settle here, it had a fine exhibit
of count\' products both at tlie St. Lc>uis Ex-
positiini in 1''04 and at the Panama-Pacific
Exposition in pil3. Rut it could have done
more if it had not been handicapped by lack
of mone}'.

In 1919 it \vas resolved to undertake a de-
termined campaig'n for money and new mem-
bers. To make the ^■enture certain of success
there was in (,.)ctober of that year a reori^-ani-
zation and the election of the following- offi-
cers: President, Joseph M. Parker; A'ice-
presidents, John D. Crummey, E. X. Rich-
mond : manager and secretary, Roscoe D.
\\'vatt; assistant secretary, Fred Eewis Fos-
ter: treasurer, W. S. Clayton. Directors — \\'.
G. Alexander, Earle L. Bothwell, F. P.. Brown,
Jas. R. Bullitt, E. E. Chase. AV. S. Clayton,
John D. Crummey, A. D. Curtner, Arthur ^l .
Free, Arthur E. Holmes, John D. Kuster, J.
P.. Leaman, T. S. Alontgomery, Chas. ;\1.
O'Brien, Joseph ]\I. Parker, E. N. Richmond.
Alembers' Forum — Archer Bowden, chairman :
]\lrs. D. A. Beattie, Warren B. Reilly, Henry
AL Ayer, Walter G. Alatthewson, E. O. R.ill-
willer. vice-chairman. In 1921 President
Parker resigned and Dr. E. O. Pieper was
elected in his place.

There A\-as a continuous campaign for mem-
bers and by July, 1920, there were 1500 mem-
bers on the roll. The result of the work of
the new organization is seen in the number of
important tasks it has undertaken and car-
ried to success. It has induced two new ni-
dustrial organizations to locate here ; it has
induced the mayor and council to order the
purchase of an automobile park on North First
Street, and it has placed the water conserva-
tion scheme on a working basis. It has also
lent its active support to increasing the mu-
nicipal revenues, so that San Jose will be en-
abled to do the needed things the citizens so
constantly demand.

Its program for the near future includes the
adoption "and carrying out of a comprehen-
sive paving plan: the building of an intermedi-
ate bridge to assist in the development of
East San Jose; co-operation with the board of
education "to maintain the highest standard of
educational facilities, night courses, vocational
classes and Americanization, and assist in

biingmg about polytechnic higii scIkjoI facih-
ties : the further deveIo])ment of ;\lum Rock
and the ad\ ertisement of the superior medici-
nal (pialities of its mineral springs: the crea-
tion ol public sentiment in Ijehalf of a central
athletic field lor \aried sjxirts and ample space
for safe and comfortable ascending and alight-
nig of air]>lanes : a mo\e for the early construc-
tion of the Sk_\line Roulevard and iov con-
necting highwa)'s, to gam for vSanta Clara
County a further attraction f(.)r the tourist and
to o]ien u]) homesites of a type to invite the
building of beautiful homes; the encourage-
ment of home Ijuying, the study of the indus-
trial situation in vSan Jose and the selecticjn of
methods to induce new industries to locate
in this Adcinit\-.

Ill conclusion, it ma}' be said that the ])res-
ent Chamber of Commerce, managed l:iy "live
wires," is kjoked upon, both m the community
and outside of it, as one of the important, pro-
gressi\'e ci\'ic liodies in California.

The Merchants Association

The Alerchants Association was organized
in 1901, with Chas. M. O'Brien as president.
Its inlluence began to be felt after its removal
to its new and commodious quarters at 74
North First Street, on Ncjvember 8, 1915. It
ttudv o\'er the entire upper floor of the San
Jose Abstract Company building. The rooms
are used })y the Merchants Credit Bureau for
ofiices of the superintendent of the credit bu-
reau, and the merchants' patrol, for a meeting
place of the board of directors and for the sec-
retary of the Retail Grocers' Association,
There is also a tastefully furnished reception
room for visitors.

The credit bureau is a model of efficiency
and is being copied by other cities of the state.
It is in a position today to giyt an almost in-
stantaneous rating of every buyer in the
county Iiy means of a card index svstem.
A\dien a new buA'er appears in a store and asks
for credit the merchant gets into touch by
telephone with the credit bureau, obtains a
rating on the customer and almost immedi-
ately knows wdiether it will be advisable to
extend credit.

The idea of this institution \\'as first worked
out b}' private enterprise. The system was
so meritorious that it was finally purchased
by the Merchants Association, then reorgan-
ized and (le^■eloped into its present efficient
basis Ijy the capable superintendent, Capt. E.
R. Bailey, a former member of the San Jose
police department. It is stated that over 1,000
ratings are given 1:)y the bureau to its patrons
ever}' month. Captain Raile}', besides super-
intending the department, is also in charge of
the mercliants' patrol system. Two patrol-

242 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

men are empl()}-ed b}- the merchants to look habits as well as to his business conduct. The

after patrons' Inisiness places between sun- Rotar^''s slogan is "Service, not self. He

ddwn and sunrise. These men walk beats and ]irofits most who serves best.'' The Rotary

rinsj; in at rejiular inter\als to the night police lias a distinct field of its own and is mainly

captain. The}- are subject to the discipline of educational in character. It is different from

regular police dflicers, although they may l)e other organizations by its limited membership

discharged only b}- the patrol committee of and hv its acti^■e concern in the individual

the Merchants Association. These men try memlier and in the individual member's busi-

the locks of business houses, look after lights, ness and by placing on the members the re-

and are a protection against fires and burglars, sponsibility of awaking the respective crafts

The efficiency of their work is revealed by and professions to higher standards. At a

interesting reports which are submitted at meeting held on June 2," 1920, the following of-

regular intervals. fleers were elected: President, .\. G. Du Brutz ;

The association has found that the exjieri- secretar}'. Krank Baker: Arthur E. Holmes,

ence obtained l^y Captain P)aile\' has lieen verv treasurer. ( )ther directors — Arthur Curtner,

effective in guarding against e.xtensi\'e o])era- Geo. Parkinson, John D. Kuster, Seymour

tions In- liogus check men in .San Jose. .\s Kittredge. During the past year twenty new

soon as a bad check is discovered Captain members have been added to the roll. In 1922

Fiailey is instantly notified and all the mer- the oflicers were Dr. C. M. Richards, presi-

chants are then warned to be on the lookout, dent: E. O. Billwiller, secretary: Arthur

I-lad check men, as a rule, attempt to pass sev- Holmes, treasurer.

cral checks in a town liefore getting out. The The Lions Clul), ^vhose objects are similar

association is growing ra])idl}- and now has a to those of the Rotary Clul), was organized

membership of 2,^1. The officers are: AA"ar- March 24, 1920, liy the election of the follow-

ren Iveilly, president: Karl Stull, \ice-presi- ing r)fficers : F. B. Brown, president : \\'arren

dent; Ivoliert R. Ayer. secretary, and liarl Reill)-, vice-president: T. S. Montgomer}',

liothwell, treasurer. The directors are AA'. B. treasurer, and L. M. Simonson, secretary.

Reilh\ Henrv Hirsch, Henry PTofl', Jay i\lc- Both the Lions and the Rotarians are lending

Cafie, A\'. C. .Andrew's, J. S. A\'illiams, H. Mel- eflicient assistance to the Chamber of Com-

^-in, Earl Bothwell, Karl Stull, Geo. Osen, G. nierce.

H. Borchers, AA'alter Trinkler, J. Desimone, The Civic Welfare Club

A. S. Appleton, X. A. Pellerano, Geo. Howes, 'p|,^, (^^j,,-;^ A\'elfare Club, of San lose, was

-\. 1:1. Canelo, F. L. Foster, A. j, Plart. organized in November, 1919. The 'following

The Rotary and Lions Clubs officers were^elected for the first term: Presi-
dent, I, D, Crumme^': vice-president, Rev, A,

The Rotary Clul.) of San Jose, a branch ot ^y^ >^t-,^j p„,-ter : secretarv, jt.sephine Rand-

the national organization, was organized on i,^,,crers: treasurer T M ' AVriHit ' executive

Alay 22. 1914, with Henry Hofl;- as president committee, C, S. Allen, L. D. Bohnett, Dr. N.

and Alex. Sheriffs secretary. It consists ,,t H. l^,„llock, Chas. F, Crothers, f. D, Crummev,

men selected trom each district, business or Herbert C. lones. Rev. A AV Noel Porter,

])rofession and the aims are for the moral and Josephine Rand-Kogers, Clara H Smith Mrs.

financial lietterment of the individual mem- E. E, Stahl, (k-o S AValker Bert R Ward F

ber, both m a practical way an.l a moral way: yy ^y,,]f^._ .p ^y Wright. The constitution

tlie betterment ot tlie members crafts or pro- ^|^^^^ declares the olu'ect-

fessions as a whole: the betterment of the -p,^^. ^^^-^^.^ ,,f ^^y^^ organization will be to
member's home, his town county and state, .^,,j^t j„ „i;,i„taining the^highest moral stand-
and ot the society m which he lives. For its ^^.^^ „^ ^^^^ political, sociafand industrial life
members the Rotary provides activity which „f ^^^^ communitv. It declares for a vigorous
will extend their horizon of business e.x])eri- enforcement of all laws that are essential to
ence, stimulate their mind.s to travel m unfre- ^he promotion of the general welfare, and it
quented channels of thought : arouse them to ,,,;„ act upon this declaration whenever the
service lor others: hel]) them to attain their „,easion arises. It will lovallv support the
greatest possibihties : make them leaders earnest efl'orts ,,f all ofliciafs to' execute .such
among men. On the practical side the Rotary ,^^^^.^ j,^ primaries an<l elections it will en-
actl^•lt^■ proMdes an or)i)ortunitv tor increased ,i,.„,. ,.<.„, . ■ ,, ,.•, , i ^ i
" , - ' , '; , -, , I- , , ,- 'lea\oi to ascertain the attitudes and stand-
business t iriroiignness \)\- the establishment oi .,,.,i^, r ,^,^,i- !.,<- , c er ti ■ i <

,. , . . '^ , . ,-, , ^. , ^ >ti(ls (it candiflates tor offices, the incumbents

cordial, intimate, Inendly re ations between ,,f ^^.i^;^,,^ ^^^^^.j^^, p^.,^^.^^,^ affecting the public

members. ( ;n the ideal si.le the Rotary activ- .welfare, and will give such inform^ation to the

ities provide members with codes of correct electors, 1 ts method in all activities will be so

practices and high standards m Inismess, The far as possible constructive. It will always

ideals are equally applicable to his jiersonal co-operate to the end that the community

H1ST(_)RY uK SANTA Cl.ARA C(_)UNTY

243

nia}- hecome united in the support of meas-
ures affecting- the inihlic interest. In its po-
htical activities it will he strictly nonpartisan.
It will not use its influence to a<l\ance party
or individual interest. It will strive to he an
organ oi intelligent, disinterested and ])rogTes-
sive pulilic opinion.

"No candidate at a primary or election shall
he endorsetl hy this organization until a refer-
endum vote has heen taken, and the returns
show a majorit_\' in fa\'or of such endorsement.
The e-xecutive committee may also order a ref-
erendum for its guidance on an_v matter, and
ten per cent of the ^•oting members (jf the
organization ma}- on written petition recpiire
the e.xecuti^ e committee to direct a referendum
on any proposeil measure or action, and to
abide by the result of such ^■ote."

During the iew months of its existence the
society has directed its efforts toward the sup-
pression of gaml)ling and "blind pigs."

The 100 Per Cent Club

In the fall of 1918 the 100 Per Cent Club of
San Jose ^^■as organized. It is composed of
business and professional men and its objects
are to promote business, advertise San Jose
and Santa Clara County and boost exery proj-
ect looking toward city and count}' advance-
ment. The memliers consist of one man in
each line of business cir i.)rofession and the
club follows in many respects the ])rogram
outlined by the Rotary Club. Every year it
gives in San Jose a grand industrial exposi-
tion, which attracts visitors from all parts of
Central California. The opening exposition
was held from JMay 29 to June 5, inclusive,
and there \\-as offered one of the most worth-
while programs e\er prepared in California.
There were daily axiation races and stunt con-
tests in which lift}' fliers competed ; fireworks
were turned loose from airplanes ; three bands
provided music and famous entertainers irom
the East appeared. In addition, there was a
"Joy Zone," patterned after the famous ave-
nue at the Panama-Pacific Exposition. The
educational and business phases of the affair
were the industrial exhibits, the machinery
exhibits, the autom'obile and air shows and the
government demonstrations of recruiting
work." The officers of the club are : President,
Paul Rudolph ; secretary, Alvin Long ; exec-
utive committee, Z. O. Field, W. A. Mc-
Donald, F. M. Ely, Claude Stutsman, William
Horwarth, J. F. Stover, E. L. Simpkins, L. H.
Elmer, L. Austin, Alvin Long, William Horst-
man. The last named acted as manager of
the exposition.

Labor Organizations

The free employment service in San Jose
started up during the winter of 1915, when

there was an .acute i)eriod of unemployment.
.\ coinmiUee ol citizens representing ci\ic,
fraternal and lal)or bodies, solicited the neces-
sary funds and established a Rest Mouse for
the iinem])l(jyed at a building on the .'Vlameda
and started ser\ice in the cit}- hall to su]jple-
ment the work done at the Pest House. The
experiment worked satisfactorily and practic-
all) eliminated the liack-door solicitor and
tramp. ,\t the end of the winter the cit}' au-
tfiorities were induced to take over the work
and under the new auspices it was continued
wh\\ go(jd results until April 15, 1918. No
recorrl was made of the calls and placements
made during that period.

( )n Ajiril 15, 1018, the state estaldished in
San Jose, at 176 South Market Street, a
1>ranch ol its regidar emplo}-ment service, un-
der the direction of the State Labor Commis-
sioner. This \\'as in co-operation with the
Lnitecl v^tates Emi)lo}-ment Serx'ice, and the
\\-ork' was carried on as a state federal bureau
until April 1, 1919, when the Government dis-
continued all free bureau service e.xcept in the
large industrial centers of the Eastern states.

Since that date the San Jose bureau has been
oT)erated as a state institution, ha\'ing nf) con-
nection x\'ith the Oovernment except that it is
allowed the franking privilege on all return
postal cards and official correspondence. Since
its establishment more than 20,000 employers
have been served and more than 40,000 men
and xvomen ha\-e been placed in earning posi-
tions. The manager of the State Public Em-
plo}-ment Hureau is George Moody; assistant,
Thomas .-V. Graham. The manag'ers of the
municipal bureau from 1916 to 1918 were M.
Chestnutt and Dana Thomas. A. J. Rhein had
charge of the bureau during that period, and
during 1915-1916 Walter Henderson had
charge of the Rest House.

The labor unions of San Jose are represented
by the Building Trades Council, the Central
Labor Council, and the Labor Temple Asso-
ciation. The Building Trades Council, for
building trades only, was organized in 1901,
with Ed W'hite as president and C. H. Harri-
son as secretary. (Jther presidents were F. N.
Smith, M'ood James, Ed Lundy and T. A.
Graham, \\dio held office for seven years, and
Fred Arberg. The present officers are Bert
Rose, president, and J. F. Cambiano, secretary.

A short time after the Building Trades
Council was organized the Federated Trades.
afterwards the Central Labor Council, came
into legal existence. It represents all the
trades not covered by the other council. Be-
fore its organization there were a number of
labor unions, and the amalgamation came
about through a desire for co-operation and
concerted action. The officers of the Central

144

HISTORY OF SAXTA CLARA COUNTY

Cuuticil are W. A. AA'ilson, president, /and
Creorge liachelder, secretary. When the Y.
]\[. C. A. got into financial difficulties and \vas
forced to gi\-e up its fine two-story liuilding
near the northeast corner of Second and St.
John streets, the two labor councils became
the }nn"chasers, ]'>a}'ing $13,500 for l.niilding
and lot. At the time of the purchase the La-
bor Temple Association was formed. It con-
sists of one mend.ier from each council. Louis
Yates is secretary and manager. The affairs
of the tem|)le haxe been so well looked after
during the eight }'ears' o\\'nership of the two
councils that the original debt incurred has
been practicall}' Avijied out. The l)usiness u\
the two Councils is to see that labor receives
its just compensation and that the interests
of its meml")ers are properl}- taken care of.

The Progressive Business Men's Club was
organized April 1, 1920. The objects are the
same as the Rotary Club. The officers are:
A. A. Zolezzi, president; J. P,. Hiatt, secretary,
and F. W. Sinclair, treasurer. There are
se^'enty-ninc members on the roll.

Commercial Club

The San Jose Commercial Club, dedicated
to the up1)uilding of Santa Clara Cc)iint_\', \vas
organized in (;)ctober, 1921. The objects and
purposes, in detail, are to promote the ci\ic,
liusiness and industrial welfare of the com-
munity, to liring together u])on common
ground all existing organizations, to aild the
"personal touch" to Inisiness and i)rofessional
relations, to ,~u])plement and ain])lif}- tlie wnrk
of existing organizations, to ]-)roinote a closer
business, professional and social relationsliip
between San Jose and oiitl}'ing communities
and finalK- to de\-elop 1)road equalities of lead-
ership to insure stead}', uninterru])ted com-
munity progress. The officers arc: Dr. Ra_\--
UKjnd T. A\'ayland, i)resident : .Vlex. J. Hart,
\'ice-i)resident ; W. J. Cross, honorarx' secre-
tary. The directorate represents the Chamber
of Commerce, Merchants Association, ,\uto
Trades Association, Hundred Per Cent Clul),
Progressive Ijusiness Men's Club, Lions Club,
Professions, Rotar_\' Club, Press, Prune and
Apricot Association, Packers, Realty Poard,
outlying sections.

In December, 1921, articles of incorporation
of the Commercial Building Cimipany, organ-
'ized to erect a modern class "A" office build-
ing which will house the Commercial Club,
were filed. The building will be located on
the old Music Hall projterty on North First
Street and Avill cost about $400,000.

Pen Women Branch

The San Jose Pranch of the League of
,A.merican Pen Women was organized March
23, 1922. The objects lA the League are

mutual benefit in creative work, betterment of
literar}- and artistic production. The Edwin
Markham Home was chosen as a fitting meet-
ing-place. To further interest in books and
Pacific Coast writers, the League will give an
annual book fair. The officers are : Mrs. Kath-
erine D. Cather, president; Mrs. Edith Daley,
vice-president ; Miss Mildred Hamilton, treas-
urer ; Mrs. EP-a vS. Cureton, secretary; Aliss
Ruth .Vmet, historian. Those eligible are ar-
tists, writers and musical composers.
The Plotwrights
On June 8, 1921, the Plotwrights, an asso-
ciation of countv fiction writers, was organ-
ized in San Jose. The following officers were
elected: Idomer Ec)n Flindt, president; Oscar
L. 01i\-er, secretar)- ; luigene T. Sawyer, treas-
urer. The objects are sociability, the discus-
sion of the technique of the salable manu-
script, the giving of entertainments, the boost-
ing of the beautiful valley of Santa Clara, and
the reception and entertainment of visiting
authors. 'Idle membership consists of the
follc]A\'ing ^vriters: H. E. Flint, Austin Plall,
h pj. Frisljie, James Hanson, Ray Plardin, Ray
Hicks, A. Jamison .-Vrroll, E. T. Sawyer.

The 'Western Aero Club

.\n Aero Club to promote aeronautics in
the Santa Clara \'alle_\' was formed at a meet-
ing of local aviation enthusiasts on July 12,
1920. The charter members were Johnny
(ohnston (instructor), Louis Xormandin, Ar-
thur Prittoii, Sanborn Young, Frank Puck,
Paul Stephany, Fred GurA'ine, J. R. Penning-
ton, Clyde ;\rl)uckle, J. R. Knutzen (vice-
]iresident), Roscoe Russell, William Brud-
wein, Charles Newman, C. H. Odell (secre-
tar>- and treasurer), R. M. Scherf, W. G. Har-
ton, Mrs. W. G. Harton, S. Metzgar, K. Rog-
ers (|)resident ), R. A. Burgess, Mrs. Newbre,
Frank Rose (aerial acroLiat), W\ Lidley, H.
Coleman and Dr. Morris.

The name selected is The W'estern Aero
Club and the headc|uarters will be the old site
r)f the Garden City aviation field on Capitol
Avenue, near Santa Clara iVvenue. The club
has shi])s and more are to be added in the
near future. In Santa Clj;ra is another club
and the Pennington-l'odd training field on the
San Francisco road.

Aviation in San Jose took its first real start
during the European \var. The Garden City
field was selected as a base of operations, and
wdien not aiding the lf)cal \var committees of
vSan Jose in distributing Red Cross, Liberty
Bond and other circulars, the aviators carried
passengers for a ten to fifteen minutes' flight
o\'er the citA'. During this period many ex-
cursions from Camp Mather ^\'ere nia<le and
hundreds of airships passed o\"er the valley on
their way to southern ])oints.

HISTORN' ()l<^ SANTA CI.ARA CoUX'IA' 245

The San juse squadnm was (.ryaiiized dii ciiltics in the wa}^ of having an annv itlane

December 1. 1021. ()n Fel.rnary 18, 1922. it alldlted immediately for use at San (ose.

appealed to CongTessman Free to assist its Mr. Free therefore appealed to the post(-f-

members in securing a plane for training pur- 'n-e de|iartment, having heard that a JN plane

poses. ^Ir. Free, upon receipt of this re(|uest, i'\\'ne(I by that department was at Crissey

called at the war department and presented the ,''>''''• >^'"'' I'^rancisco, and might be asailable.

matter to the hea.ls of the air service Tlirdugh the S3'mpathetic co. .],rralioii .il"

Although the war department plans to co- ' ',""• ^^- 7'- ^^"^- '^^^=^f °^ ^'^'^ ""''"^'f «*-7^;^:<^'

,^.=..„ + , ■+! +1 o T 1 • ^^'i" l""k up the matter mimediateh- at Mr.

operate ^Mth the San Jose squadron m every ,r,,,e-s request, the plane was secured and or-

possd.de way and to include it in its future .i^red to be delivered without charge and fully

plans tor the development of aviation on the equipped for use to a representative of the

Pacific Coast, theer were certain technical dilii- San Jose air reserve squadron on April 3,

CHAPTER XXV.

Charitable and Humanitarian Organizations of San Jose — The Good Cheer

Club. County Charities, Home of Benevolence — Pratt Home, Salvation
Army, Notre Dame Institute, and Young Men's Christian Association.

1 he Associated Charities was organized in tidiis and aims were about the same as those

1894, and while in existence met witli t1ie gen- of tlie Associated Charities, the latter organi-

erous co-operation of the pulilic. The direc- zation concluded to disorganize and then tn

tors represented the churches of e\'erv faith reorganize under the name of the v^ocial Ser\-

in San Jose, as \\'ell as other e.xisting charita- ice -AgencA'. This action was tak'en after it

ble bodies. The aims were to make investi- had turned over all its data to the Countv

gation and keep a record of all cases of distress Charities. As the vSocial Serxice Agency it

reported; to give temporary relief in emerg- allied itself with the Good Cheer Club, and

enc}- cases and then report them to the char- for se\-eral years assisted in the chili's cam-

italjle organizations under the jurisdiction of paign A\-ork.

A\diich the}- belonged: to expose fraud and Miss Cora I^d. Bethel, former superintendent
prevent duplicate giving; and to secure work of the Associated Charities, is the in\'estigator
for needy women and men. Annual entertain- or superintendent of the Count\- Charities,
ments were gi^-en, which always netted the Ray P>. NeA\'man is the secretar}-. and fine
societ}' a suilicient sum to tide it o\'er until oflices have been fitted up in the countv court
the next year. The officers for the first }'ear house. The board of superAdsors has discon-
were : Alfred C. Bean, j^resident ; Mrs. T. tinned its alms-giA'ing system and has turned
Ellard Bean, A-ice-president ; Mrs. A\\ B. Hill, o\-er all that business to the Count\- Charities
secretary; James Bean, treasurer, and Miss for iuA'estigation and action. The CountA-
Cora I\I. Bethel, superintendent; board (if di- Charities presents claims of ap|)licants for re-
rectors, Mrs. S. B. Flawkins, Mrs. T. Ellard lief to the lioard and the lioard makes the
Beans, Mrs. A. T. Herrmann, Re\". H. M. allowances. The state aid for the six months
Tennev, Mrs. H. Branham, lames liean, Mrs. ending December 31, 1919, amounted to $16,-
W. L.'AVoodrow, Mrs. AV. B. Hill, Mrs. F. C. 723.16; supplementary, $1,012.03; total, $17,-
A^'illiams, Airs. Anna Taber, Mrs. Alfred C. 735.19. Total of all aid for the six months.
Bean; honorary directors, 0. D. Worswick, $23,173.02.

Mrs. S. C. Winchester, Rev. Father Gleeson, In addition to its other A\-ork, the County

Mrs. Geo. M. Bowman, J. H. Campbell, iMrs. Charities dispenses the Widows' Aid Pension.

E. O. Smith, Mrs. H. Levy, Mrs. C. D. Blaney. Nearly all the claims of applicants for aid are

Mrs. E. McLaughlin, Mrs. B. Cochrane, Mrs. for groceries, clothing aufl other necessaries.

Jackson Hatch, T. E. Knoche, James Rhodes, r,,, ^^ , ^, ^, ,

Mrs. W. P. Dougherty, Mrs. S. A. Jones, E. ^^ ^ ^^^ ^°°d ^^^^' Club

A. Hayes. The Good Cheer Club, started in 1^04. is

The association continued its lieneficent the health organization of Santa Clara Count}',

work until 1917, wdien the Santa Clara County The olijects are to promote health and eiF-

Charities was organized under the state law ciency in the community, to give systematic

and with state and county aick As its opera- relief to the sick, poor and needy, and to es-

246 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

tahlish a fund for these purposes. Annual The social hygiene department was estab-

mein1)ership fee, five dollars; life membership, lished on February 1, 1919, with the assist-

twenty-five dollars. The officers are: Presi- ance of the State Board of Health. There are

dent, De Lancey I^ewis : vice-presidents, Airs. nt)w 200 patients being treated. In San Jose

Chas. Allen, Mrs. John E. Richards; secretary, there are clinics conducted daily in all depart-

Miss Emma Philln-ick. It is supported by the ments. P,ranches of the club have been es-

Santa Clara County Welfare Association,' con- tablished in Eos Gatos, Campbell, Mountain

sisting of the Florence Crittenden Home, the View and Santa Clara.

Anti-Tuberculosis Society and the Social Serv- The nationalities of the new cases treated
ice Agency. It recei\-es state and county aid for one month in 1920 were as follow: Amer-
and fees from patients. The a\erage nn)nthlv ican, 213; Italian-American, 86; Italian, 18;
cases e.xceed 1,000. The departments include Spanish-American, 29; Japanese, 2; Swedish,
mental, medical and dental clinics and social 3; Portuguese, I; German. 3; Spanish, 2; Jew-
hygiene. There are nineteen physicians on ish-American, 4; Sla^'onian-American, 1. To-

9

the consulting list. tal, 362

The Work of the cluli is done by no other
organization in San lose, \'et it is in close

Home of Benevolence

.- ■,, ,, ,, ,11 ■. ■ The Home of Benevolence owes its exist-

co-operation \\'ith all the other humanitarian , ,,- r ,i t i- > -n ^ ^

■ - . *i 1 , 11 1^ ence to the ettorts of the Ladies Benevolent

agencies ana at the least imssilde expense. It ,, . „,, . . ^ • i ■ 10^7

*^ 1 . 1 ^1 1 t-t t 1 1 c Society. 1 his society was organizefl m 186/,

reaches not unh' the \erA- destitute and den- >- ^ ^ .> • .» r ?,■ , i c

, , ^ .,1 i' \ ■■ -,11 1 • as a result of a meeting of Richard Savage,

cient, luit the large .American middle class m . , -^ ,- , „ ,."

1 ,- ■ , 'ri ■ ■ , .1 11 interna re\'enue assessor; . . Owen, editor

need ot assistance. 1 his assistance the cluh . , ,, _ ,. , ,, -.-^-, -r r .,

1 , ■ . 1 1 •, ot the iMercurx: Mrs. A. M. dates, wife of the

.T organized to gi\ e, not so much as a charlt^■ ..,.,-', , , . ,r r ,-^

. ' 1 r 'i iti ■ \T- -J-- ' r)rincinal ot the San ose institute; Mrs. . C.

)ut as a public health service. Visiting nurs- L , , ' , . ,-' . , . -' .

,11 , t 1 • 100 1 '" 1 i Cobb, and a tew others. At the organization

,ng in the homes was started m 1904 and tur .' , ., , , ^ , ^ ,

1 ti t J--* t 1 i-i 1., t- ,,,(- meetin"-, on April 16 ot the same vear, the

se\"eral vears that constituted the largest part . ,, .'^' ,,,, ' , , , t^ ■ ,

IS

111

of the Avork ; luit at last it became necessary-

following officers were elected: President,

to estaldish an office and dispensary, where ^l'-^- J- ^- ^'"''^'^- vice-president, Mrs. A. Pom-
applicants could be received, medicmes an<l "'■'>' ^'n'^^c '''"'' -^[h,^' ^-'''' ' .^reasu^er.
sick-room supplies <listributed, surgical dress- }l}-\^- ^V Spaw At he same meeting Mrs.
ings made and sterilized, patients met by ap- \\- ^- ^^1""""- ^'^s. G. Evans, Mrs. F. F
pmntment, doctors consulted, etc. Each -^'^^'"'^ ^'^'^ ^, '■*■ E- J, A\ ^Icux were app...inted
l,ranch ,,f work undertaken has been the di- "V'''}'*^"^'''^-. "^^ constitution stated the object
rect result .,f a real need. One of these was "' ^^'^, ^"''^^y ^" '^^ the rendering ot assistance

ii r ■ I 1 -1 1 ^„ --.,1,1 1,^,-,, . ,it:,n,,Q 1 to sick and dei)enclent persons residing in the

the clinic where children could na\e continued . . ' ' '^

treatment. Doctors cheerfully cared for pa- '"'*>' "* ^^a" J''""^-

tients through acute attacks. It seemed im- "L'pon the acceptance of the constitution the
possible at first for the club to successfully following ladies were elected as a visiting coin-
follow up these attacks, as each child had a niittee: Airs. R. Ik Hall, Mrs. E. Alban, Mrs.
different doctor and a diff^erent hour of ap- ^'lii"'i Smith, Mrs. Joseph Ingham, Mrs. D. L.
pointment. But at last the clul) succeeded in Shead, Mrs. .\. L. Rhodes, Mrs. D. T. Adams,
opening a medical clinic through which chil- ^f''^- Wesley Tonner, Mrs. J. R. Whitney,
dren l>elow par mentallv and ph\-sicallv have ^fi'S- '!'■ liHard Beans, Mrs. Josiah Belden,
been treated with w.mderful results. 'l-A-erv Mi'S- P. T. McCabe, Mrs. J. C. Smith; auxil-
child is given a thorough examination, the iary committee, J. A. yumby, J. J. Oiven, D.
case is i)roi)erlv diagnosed, often hv means of ^- Payne, E. J. Wilcox, Richard SaA-age and
X-rav pictures' and various tests. 'Treatment A.B.Hamilton. The amount of fees collected
is tlien prescribed, medicine furnished, and through enrollment was thirty-nine dollars,
when necessarv the case is <Hsmissed, contin- 'I'lnis was launched upon the tide of human
ued or referred to other treatment. Man\- woes and human blessings one of the most
children have received expensive surgical cor- beneficent, yet unostentatious, of local forces;
rective treatment and hosi-ital care, with no ^ P"^^-er that for over fifty years ha.s steadily

1 , 4-4-1 .t 'I'l 1 and fiuietly sjone about doing good. I here

exriense wliatexer to the parents. I hrough , ' - -^ , , '^ i

,, ^- r ^, 1- 1 1- ■ : ' I have been no emoluments or lioiiors connected

the operation ot the medical clinic was tound .,, ., ,-,- i n i n^

,' , , r 1 i 1 ,• ■ T) r with its oHices, no A\-orldh' benefits accruing

an absolute need tor a dental clinic. Iietore , c ■. u '

to any of its members.

In May, 1867, Mrs. Spaw tendered her res-

this, onlv emergenc}' A\'ork had 1)een ])ro\'ided

through the generosity of first one dentist and io-,iatiym,'' which' was' acTeptedrancf Mrs." N.

then another, but it Avas found that nearly Hayes, afterwards Mrs. Chas. J. Martin, was

every child coming to the medical clinic needed elected treasurer pro tern, and the names of

dental care, hence the establishment of a den- i\Irs. Norman Porter, Mrs. L. Archer, Mrs. R.

tal clinic. - B. Buckner and Mrs. R. T. O'Hanlon were

HISTORY OF SANTA CI^ARA COUNTY 247

added to the list of members. Durini;- the sec- sition to have a course of scientific lectures

ond month, Mrs. James Hart, Mrs. J. Manly. 1)\' some of the savants of San Jose. About

Mrs. R. Savage, Mrs. Chas. Allen, Mrs. C. S. this time ('.eo. W. Fentress, city librarian, was

Crydenwise, Miss Sarah Severance. Mrs. K. authorized to oiTer prizes for the best jx^em

Patterson, Mrs. S. A. liarker, Mrs. .V. N. and the best story by San Jose authors. That

Hamm, ]\Irs. John Rouse and Miss Anna Cobl) for the 1)est poem, "An Arboreal Song of the

enrolled themselves as members. In August, Alameda," was unanimously awarded, by in

Mrs. j. l-A^wis. Mrs. J. Cutler, Mrs. Stephen telligcnt judges and critics, to its author, Mr;

s.

Thome and Mrs. S. 1. Churchill join^^d. ^lar}" FI. Field. The poem purports to be —

In 187J the soc^et^- incorporated under the

laws of the state. At the same tune T. Ellard "The song of an ancient tree.

Beans, T. W. Spring, A. C. Erkson and Mr. AVhich it softly crooned to me

Rhodes were appointed as trustees, in addi- As I walked on an autumn day

tion to the presiding officers and board of man- In the Alameda— the beautiful way—

agers. The event of the year ^vas an appro- The pride and glory of San Jose."
priation of $500 from the state.

The Home of Benevolence was established ^^ tells in musical rhyme the history of the

bv the society in 1877. and the same vear the century s years, dating from the time when-

constitution was so amended as to -provide ^ ^ '^^ gray old Mission Fathers mne

rules and regulatitnis for a home for destitute ''^ t , i r in

u -u "i 1 \ ■ c '1^1 In the lonp' reiectorv nalJ,

children an<l aged and iiihrm persons. i he . . . ^ , - , ,

, i; 4. 7 i 1 ■ < 1 1 1 r Linuerins; over bread and wine,

home was hrst located m a rented Inulding on y •

the corner of Third and Martha streets, Mrs. '''"'' Pj,anning.

, TT \ 1 ■ t- o • I For the glorv ot Cjod and the good of

A. H. Anderson ser\-ing as matron, biiecial -^ - '^

1 1 r .1 1 I) ■ man,
laws \\'ere made tor the place. \>y permission

of the board of trustees children under pe- ''^ r,, ^ ^ i

,■ ■ ^ 1 , , 1 vt 1 1 Plant Some trees whose greenerv

culiar circumstances could be admitted, and . r ^i i ■

\ ,•,-»- ^. .', IT + T- . > m + H £1 \ 1 1 T- ri 1 tT IT Clin i

all mothers who earn their li\'ing were a

V screen from the Ijurning sun shall be.

tin lllOLilel^ \\ iiu Cell 11 iiicii ii\iii_t; \\ ci (; ai- . 111

lowed to place their children at the home by After much opposition from the brother

the day, paying a small compensation for the hriars, who thought the plan ot planting a

accommodation. Independent of the home- "league ot torest" too large to come within

less children and helpless women who found their compassing, it was done and when the

shelter and care m the home during the first originator ot the plan, the benevolent and

vear of its existence, twenty-five tmmps re- ^veary Father de Catala. slept one night a

ceived "square meals." ' I'right yision hovered o er him.

An Authors' Carnival to raise money to- And he saw, as m a magical glass,

ward the Iniilding nf a home that ^\•ould an- that , . , . ,

swer all requirements was given at Music The trees ot his planting so stately

Hall on February 26, 187R. The oftfcers at grew, . • , .,

this time consisted of Mrs. Nellie Evster. ihey leaned their tops gainst the

president : Mrs. M. X. McKee and Mrs. L. W. sky s sott blue,

Moultrie, vice-presidents; Mrs. Louisa King, \\hile intertwining on every side,

secretary, and Mrs. Frances D. Williams, 'Ihe giant branches swept ar and wide,

treasure'r : board of managers, Mesdames 1. C. Neath the lovely l.ymg arches span

Cobb C R Span, T. W.\Spring, A. .M. Gates, The broad, smooth highway level ran,

Ben Cory, P. D. Hale, Dr. Stone, E. Coombs, i^s verduous vist^as stretching on

T E Beans S \ Clark, C. H. Allen, H. ]. Till the power ot the raptured eye

Haskell, Jackson Lewis, P. T. McCabe, .\. t. . . wa,s gone.

Herrmann, M. Dimond. Tl^^ ^lSlon shifted many times ""til thei e

The carniyal was a success, the sum of came to the Fnars view some ot the scene, ot

$2,987.85 being netted to the society. In Sep- today:

tember. 1878. the home was removed to the A surging crowd of an unknown name-
old Schroede'r place at the junction of First An endless, hurrying, jostling throng,
and Market streets. Flere, with a family of Full of laughter, ancl jest, and song-
nine children and two invalid women, the so- The ceaseless tide of a city's street,
ciety took temporary possession, Mrs. A. R. The stately coach and the lumbering
Ransom as matron. The house being large warn,

and unfurnished, the draught upon the treas- Which came with rumble, and rush,

ury to make it both habitable and comfort- and roar, " , .

able was heavy. Various means to raise funds Swarming with people, behind, betore,

were discussed, among wdiich was the propo- Above, within, and under, too.

248 HISTORY oF SANTA CLARA C(JL'XTV

For aught the puzzled I'riar knew. at a cost of $.iOO,000. There are eighty-two

Whose luing monument stands today acres in the tract. In 1920 there were 174 in-

In the -Vlameda — the beautiful \\'av. mates, l'ift\" of them heing w(jmen. The main

liuilding contains a ladies' ])arlor. lil:)rar)', as-

Alrs. Field presented the manuscript of the senddy hall, reception room and rooms for the

poem to the society and an illustrated edition officers. .\ large part of tlie tract is planted

of 1.000 cojues \\-as printed, the sale of which '" l''iiit trees and in VH') fruit to the amount

produced a modest re\'enue "l" S3. 000 was sold. 'Jdie home maintains hog

It hemg found necessary 'to incorporate the '^"'1 ^■'"^■1**^" ^'"^^ ''''"^. '' ^•'-^Set^^l'le .garden, and

Home of' Renevolence as 'an institution sepa- '" "^ ''^'^^"'^ measure is sell-su].porting. Lhe

^f. -»•,-,., IT tinnf ,.( +i,„ 7 ^,i;,...,' p„„„,.„i„„+ c- mana"-ement is m the hands of a board of

rate trom that of the Ladies' BeneA'olent So-

trustees consisting of |ohn llazlett, San Fran-

cietA", a meeting to take the necessary step.- , ,.•-,■,,, i t^ , n-

was' called on October 21, IS/A an election ^■'^^'"■^^- -}■ ^^>"cla.r, < ''ak and ; Fred Pierce,

of ..flicers tAllowed and an application for a '-"^ -)"-f>''-, , c ^''l^^''"^'- ,^;'^<-'™mento ;'

charter was ina<le. In 1S80, a house for the ^<'™ E. .Morelaml. San Jose. fhe supenn-

home was Innlt on the Ab.rey land on the cor- '^^"''^"^ '-^..P''' ^- ^- Arnold and his wife is

ner of Martha and Fleventli streets. It con- '"^tron. i he a-, erage age of the inmates is

sisted of eleven large rooms an<l two bath- seventy-si.x years and the cost ol maintenance

rooms. It was ai.propriately dedicated on l'^''' """'^^e is ^_.r.A) per month.

September 5. 1880. it ^vas then reported that The Pratt Home

there "was not a dollar of indebtedness. „, ,, .,, .. - ,, T,r ,,,

The Pratt Home, a gift trom Airs. A\' . \V .

, ^l^^, event, ,t the summer ot 1S,S2 was the p,.^^^^_ j,,^,_.^^g^i ,„^ ^,,^^^i^ j-^.^^ ^^^.^^^ „^.,j. ^,^^

turmshing ol the t^vo dormitories with thirty- ^^^,.^^^ ^s^reet junction, was organized m

SIX iron bedsteads, wire springs and hair mat- j^^q,^ ^i,^^,^, ^|^^.,, ^^^.,, ,.,„„,.^es have'been Innlt.

tresses, at a cost of .>6U0. lhe children, irre- j^ ,^^^^ ,.,^,^.,^ ^,^^,., ^-,,,. ^j^^, ^^.^-^^ ,,f ho,„,i,s,

sp.ectiye of .sex. were now taught^ to do their ,pi,,i,^.„ ^„.-i ^ ]^ ,,f p,,tH sexes. The

own bed-makint'. ( )n aiuiar\- _1, ISN.s. the ■ i -ir '■ ■ i ii , .-, ■„+„,i

,^ ,,-'.- . , mam riui!din!j' is spacious ami well aitpointed

society acceiitefl the < eed (it coii\-evance ot the i - ' i i i i i , „,i, +1,.,+

, • ' . , ..,-, . - , and is surrounded by handsome grounds that

A'earlv re\"enue trom the C ontiiip'ent ames 1 1 -o / 11^11 \ *

V . , -^ ^ _ ,,, r,-->-noor o 1 n^ L arc adorned with trees and shrubbery. At

Lick Trust Fund ot $2.s.0O0 tor the benetrt of . ., ,- ,-, ■ , m-, > ,,

, jr - 1, 1 Mi, ,- i)resent there are iilt\- inmates. the tollow-

tlie Home ot j)enevolence. there Avere h\'e • .1 ,-.■ ' 1 + 1 ■ ^i„ imA

, . . , , , . , iim' are tlie olticers elected m l\lav, lyzO :

acres in the orig;ma home tract, but six and n ■ 1 j ai -sx- t v\- 1 -' t„

, ,. '^ ,- , 1, 1 , I resident, Mrs. W . L. W ooUrow ; secretary,

one-half acres were afterwards added; alscj a t, 1 /n ,t , „ ^r , r t>

, . , , , .... ,,.,,. Airs. A. i. Herrmann; treasurer, Airs. |. F.

hrjspital anc a lary'e ai U ition to the hui dmtr. 1,1 , r ■ 1 . ^r r^ -cj "i_r

' '^ '^ Richards; hnancial secretary. Airs. L. H. Her-

:\fter the Santa Clara County Charities and ^-^.^. . assistant treasurer, j\'liss Mayo Hayes;

the Good Cheer Club began to do city and fi./pt vice-president. Airs. Itrnest Lion; other

county work, the mcnilx-rs of the Ladies' Be- directors. Airs. AVilliam Rogen, Airs. B. Langh-

nevolent Society dcA-oted their tune mainly to hn. Airs. W. G. Alexander and Aliss Do'ck-

the care and maintenance of the home, which stader

at i)resent has seyent^' inmates (children).

The matriiii is Airs. Skidmiire. The officers

of the society are: Airs. Geo. IL AIcKee. '''lie ()'Conn(jr Notre Dame Institute, lo-

jiresident; Air's. J. A'. Blauer and Airs. A'. S. cated at the corner of Second and Reed streets,

Clayton, vice-presidents; Airs. .\. G. Field, re- "^^as formerl)- the residence of Judge and Airs.

cording secretary; Mrs. Louis Sonniksen, ^^ ■ !'■ '''Connor. ( )n July 16, 1883, they do-

fmancial secretary; Airs. IC IT. Jordan, corre- nated the residence to the Sisters of Notre

sponding secretary; Airs. IL B." S. AAdlliams. Dame for use as an orphanage for girls. At

treasurer; trustees other than officers. Ales- liresent there are twenty-five inmates, though

dames AV. C. R.ailey, F. O. Read, FT. Center, there are acconniioflations for fifty. The in-

[. P. Kocher, P. F. Gosl:)e^', G. AA". Ijorchers, mates are cared for and given a thorough ed-

"Cr. I). F'arrington. W. S. A"an D.alsem, V. AV. ucation. Those who wish can afterwards en-

Aloore, G. .A. Aluirson, C. R. Parkinson, S. A. ter the College of Xotre Dame high school.

f),gier, Joseph Rash, C. ,A. AA'a\dand, f. A\'. < >thers are ]ilaced in good situations after hav-

Hamilt<jn, J. A\'. FTaull. C,. .A. Sweigert, and ing been thoroughly inducted into the myster-

Aliss C. Beile F.aton. ies of domestic science.

The Odd Fellows' Home The Salvation Army and 'Volunteers

One of the finest institutions of the kind is The Salvation .Army has lieen a hnmani-

the CRld Fellows' Home, located on Fruitvale tarian force in San Jose for o\'er forty years.

A\'enue about a mile srmth ot Saratoga. It is It carries a message of relief and hope to the

a cftncrete building and was erected in 1912 jioor and sick ami its ser\ices Iioth in war and

Notre Dame Institute

IIISTOKV Ol' SANTA (,'LARA CUUN'IA'

lA')

]ieace lia\ e l>ecn iin])iirtaiit and lar-rcachiiiL;.
'IMie imlustnal ilc]iai"liiu'iit m San \^tr.v. al 37. >
South ^larkct .^trccl. is coniluclcil In Ailju-
tant \\". luiyd. wlnlc the hall on I'usi Stirr;
tor nieetmtjs is in iIk' hands of I'aptain W.
I'lamtortl.

1 he \ oluntccrs ol AiiUTica ori^ani/cd in
lS/0, just after l'iallini;ton I'.ooth had sexcreil
his Connection willi the Salxalioii Arnn and
had ftirnied the national or^a.nizatii in nf \'iil-
unteers. _V home (or men is lucated (Ci Xhirth
Fourth Street and an industrial deiiarlmenl
does husiuess at 477 Xi.rlh h'irst Street. i'.olh
of these places .are administered In- Staff Ca|i-
taiii Rose (hith.

The work of the Sahation Ann\- is illus-
trated in the story of did Ihih liennett. h'lsh-
ennen and hunters in the Mt. Hamiltccn re.Lta.m
will remember the cdd man, who lived the life
of a hermit in a little cahin hi_t;h up in a ;^ulch
that debouches intd the Canyon nf the Santa
Ysabel. (did I'.ol) is dead and the cnynle yi]is
and barks and the wildcat snarls and cries r,i
the little tlat wdiere once was heard the jilain-
tive strains of ( )ld I'.nb's \ iolin. ddie idd fel-
low \\"as a curious character, lie was an lui.t,-;-
lishman, unmarried, and hail no relati\es in
America. Wdule a Manyt;- man he f. ilhiwed the
sea as a ship's carpenter. In middle life he
came to San J use and was eni])lo_\"ed fnr a
number of >'ears as a cabinet-maker in one of
the eit}-'s lar^^e furniture stores. He had one
besetting fault — i ixerindulgence in strong
drink — and inability U\ control the a].)petite
sent him to the eastern hills for recu]")eration
and reformatiim. lUit the haliit of }-ears was
toc> strong tci lie easih- thrown dii. Snme men
in his situation might ha\"e fought the boDze
devil to a finish, Imt pour liob was not a man
of stamina. He was kind-hearted, hcmest and
a hard worker, but he lacked the will-])ower
to fight resoluteh' against his enem^•. Fur a
wdiile he cho|)ped wootl, Init ceased to manipu-
late the axe when the late A\'. T. Adel ]>ur-
ehased Campoodie, a large flat belo\\' the Kin-
caid ranch, and engaged him to stay on the
place and keep an e}-e on the improvements —
an old log cabin and a recently built shack of
two rooms. Bob stayed at Campoodie for a
while, emplo^'ing his spare time — which was
about all his time — in making commercial use
of the wood of the manzanita trees which
grew in profusion al)ove the fiat. He was a
cunning artisan, and having as his belongings
a lathe and a full set of carpenter's tools, \\'as
able to fashion out of the seasoned manzanita
all sorts of useful articles, from napkin rings
to canes.

After he left Aclel's place he located in a
gulch across the Ysabel Creek. The spot had
a fine spring, and near the water he erected a

cabin and a workshop, and while he li\ed he
Itirncd out manzanita work thai found a rea<lv
■■"■'de. llis best patrons were llie astronomers
al the hitk < )bser\atory. l!ob was a natural
musician, though he could not read a note of
music. lie played the \i(jlin ;ind banjo with
c(pial lacility, .and during (he camping season
he Would entertain tin- \'sabel camiiers with
his music. All tlie time (he drink liabit lield
him in a \-ise. ( >nce a month he woidd send
to San Jose for ])ro\isions and a demijcdm of
whiskey. I'he \\hisk-ey would last about a
week and dindng that time Hob would indulge
himself to the limit. As the _\ears ].)assed the
h.abit grew- stronger, W(juld not be denied. He
found that he could not wait for the monthly
suppl}-. So lie tried shellac to tide him o\-er
the sliak-}- time, (due da}- his shellac gave out.
Ihit he had a Ijottle of wood ;ilcohol. I^erhaps
he did not kniw\' that sudden death lurked in
llic liottle. Terhaps he did know, and \\'as
reckless of consequences. At anA- rate, he
drank deeply of the jirjisoii and twenty^-four
liours later a rancher found him dead in bed.
Some time ijefore his death, ne\\-s of his un-
fortunate habit reached the lassies of the Sal-
Nation Army in San Jose. dA\-o of them re-
solved to ride up to the ])lace and use argu-
ments and pra^-ers to induce him to cut loose
trom John Barleycorn. Mob was sh-yf and em-
barrassed in the presence of women, and wdien
the Salvation Army lassies arri\-ed he was
shyer than CA'er, for he was just recovering
from one of his periodical clebauches. f-Je
.greeted his visitors aw-kwardh- and listened
shamefacedly A\'hile they argued and pleaded.
-Vll the time he \vas fingering nervously the
strings of his banjo. Argument was followed
by prayers. The lassies ,knelt with heads
flowed and prayed earnestly for the redemp-
tion of the man who stood abo\-e them. And
wdrile they prayed P.ob, hardl}- knowing Avhat
he was doing, kept on with his banjo playing.
He ,gave them as accompaniment to the prayer,
"Old Dan Tucker" and "Theredl Be a Hot
Time in the Old Town Tonight," and other
livel}' tunes. Once a lassie looked up, a smile
on her face, but when she noted the rapt ex-
pression on C)ld hiob's face the smile fled and
the eyes dropped.

Juvenile Court and Probation Office

In 1908 Judge ^I. H. Hyland of the Superior
Court became con\'inced from observation and
exjierience that the law- was unfair in its treat-
ment of oiTenders under the age of tv.rent}--
one. In his opinion they should not be treated
with the same severity that marked the treat-
ment of adult oft'enders. He -was therefore
instrumental in the estaldishing of a juvenile
court. To carry out his idea it was necessary

250

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

that a probation officer should be appointed.
There was no authority in law for the pay-
ment of a salary to this officer and for a time
he had to rely on the enterprise and good sense
of the board of supervisors. This bodv al-
lowed his claim for expenses, but could j2;o no
farther in the matter. The first probation offi-
cer was Frank R. Shatter, \vln> for some time
had l^een actively connected with the Humane
Society. He was succeeded by Geo. W. Lee.
a Civil War veteran, and it was during- Air.
Lee's incumbency that the State I^egislature
established the juvenile court and fi.xed a sal-
ary for the probation officer. From this time
on the court waxed in influence and the proba-
tion officer found all the work he could do.
iVlr. Lee was succeeded by J. L. Alontgomer)-,
who held office until appointed as the head
of the Preston Reform School at lone. After
him came C. LL Waterman and Airs. Catherine
Iirattan, the present officer. vShe has as assist-
ant E. A. Ivaymond. At the start the object
of the profiation office was to look after the
interests of juvenile offenders, but latterly it
has taken charge of state adult criminals who
have been released from prison on ])robation.
These offenders li\dng in Santa Clara County
are obliged to report to the prol)ation office at
stated times. Employment is found for them
and they are given e\-ery opportunity to be-
come good citizens. Of the 117 looked after
in 1919, eighty-se\-en per cent ha\"e made good.
In respect of the jux'eniles the ]")robation offi-
cer, re])resenting the ju\"enile court, hunts up
cases (jf minors whose home life is not what it
should be, or who ha^■e been regarded as bad
boys or girls, made so liy evil association and
home surroundings, and as far as possible so
improve the conditions as to give the subjects
opportunity to lead moral lives. Alan}- cases
which might have come into court ha\-e been
satisfactorily settled b}- the probation ("ilhce.
The juvenile court holds ^veekly sessions and
offenders avIhj are not released on probati(->n
are sent, ni-)t to ])rison, but to a reform school,
cou\-ent or (jrphanage. Airs. Brattan has been
in office for seven years and has made a fine
record for efficiency. From her last annual re-
port the following statistics are taken :

New cases in which court action was taken
— Alale, IIS: female, 44; total, 162. Cases set-
tled informally — Alale, ?>27 : female, 97; total,
424. Wards jdaced on j-jrobation since iami-
ary 1, 1019, U, January 1, 1920— Alale. .iS ; fe-
male, 2; total, 40. Free homes found. 30 since
January 1, 1919, to January 1, 1920. Positions
found, 60 since January 1, l')19, to January- 1.
1920. Families reconciled, 26 since pinuai-\-
1, 1919, t(j January 1, V>20. \Msits to' li,,ine.s,
242 since January 1, 1919, to January 1, 1920.

Investigations, 571 since January 1, 1919, to
January 1, 1920.

The Coffee Club

The San Jose Coffee Club Association is a
semi-philanthropic, co-operative membership
association, organized for the purpose of es-
tablishing rest and reading rooms which are
maintained by the proceeds of the lunch de-
partment conducted in connection. The idea
was originated about twenty years ago by
Ernest Fox, now of Stockton, who received
his inspiration from the old English coffee
houses and tea rooms. These places were, and
in some places still are, the social centers of
their respective communities, operated as they
are along temperance lines, but partaking of
the c<invi\-iality of the ancient taverns. The
club has fine rocjms in a l.)uilding on South
Second Street near the corner of San Fernando
Street. Almost any da}- one mav see in the
cluIir(joms the well-to-do man of atfairs rub-
bing elbows with the "down-and-outer," to
their mutual profit. Thus the club has become
the melting pot of the community, enabling all
s(.)rts and conditions of men to meet as equals,
fur all are treated with courtes_\- and respect.
It was started ^\-ith membershi]) fees and do-
nations amounting to about ,$600 and has
grown to its present ^vorth through the re-
ca]>italization of the accumulated profits, there
being no dividends or disbursements among
the members or directors, all accumulations
remaining in the business to be used for im-
])rovements and extension work.

AVith a growth from $600 to $15,000 in cash
\alue, of floor space from 900 to 12,000 square
feet, wages paid annually from $1,000 to $12,-
000, foodstuffs bought from $3,000 to $27,000,
and from 300 to 1800 people accommodated
dail}-, it may be seen that the Cotfee Club fills
a need and meets with public appr(-)val. The
officers and direct(jrs ()f the C(-iifee Clul) Asso-
ciation are: Charles F. Crothers, president;
L. P. Edwards, vice-president; Airs. Maud A.
lacks, secretary; Dr. E. R. Wagner, Dr. Ed-
ward Newell, Prof. C. B. Cleason, Airs. E. H.
Baker, Aliss -Alice Winans, A. D. Campbell
,-ind J-^. D. Alathews is the manager.

The Woman's Exchange

The AA^oman's ICxch;inge was started in
1899 from money gathered by Mrs. A. T. Herr-
mann and Mrs. Collins. The main object of
the exchange w;is to give to need\' women un-
alde on account of famih- ties to do work on
the outside, the op])ortunity to make a living
in their own homes ]'>\ baking bread, cakes,
l')ies, etc., to be sold at a A'crv small ])r(-)fit by
the exchange. The sale sho]) is in Central
Alarket, with Aliss Alice M}ers as manager.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA CoUN'IA'

^51

Mrs. Herrmann lias been treasurer e\ er since
the organization. Slie now acts as |)residcnt
also. The other officers are Mrs. M. \' . Nve,
vice-president; Mrs. Waihice, secretary The
only salaried oflicer is the inanat^er.

Humane Societies

The Santa Clara County Humane Society
came into existence o\er twenty 3'ears ago,
but for a time no business was done, in June,
1909. a reorganization was eti'ected. with Dr.
John W. Da\}- as jiresident. The original ob-
ject was to pre\ ent cruelty to animals and
children, but when the probation otftce was es-
tablished the society ceased to work for the
children and ga\e its whole attention to dumb
animals. In June, 1919, Dr. Davy resigned
the presidenc}' and was succeeded by Geo. F.
Wakefield. At the election in June, 1920, the
following oflicers were elected: President, G.
F. \A'akefield ; \ice-presidents, Dr. J. W. Dav}-,
F. R. Shatter, ;\lrs. .V. M. Olinder ; secretary,
Mrs. E. R. Croft: treasurer. Miss F. Urv : di-
rectors. :\Irs. E. R. Croft, Mrs. G. F. VVake-
field, ^Irs. E. H. McCarthy, Mrs. E. A. Guil-
l.iault.

In December, 1919, the Humane Educational
Committee was organized as an offshoot of the
Humane Society by Mrs. G. F. Wakefield. It
has twenty-one members and the object is to
educate the young to being kind to animals
by talks and lectures. These talks are given
mainly in the public schools. On June 2,\
1920, under the auspices of the committee,
Mrs. ^Minnie ]\Iaddern Fiske, the distinguished
actress, spoke at the Hotel \'endome on the
conservation of food animals and the abolish-
ment of the trap. She was introduced b}' Airs.
Wakefield. ]\Irs. Fiske first made fetching-
apology for her appearance, stating that she
had hoped to arri\'e in time to put on "her
beautiful dress," but as she looked very lovely
in her satin tra^'eling cloak with its corsage
of orchid-tinged sweet peas, her appearance
was delightfull)- satisfying and proved that a
lecture may be t\\'ice as interesting when the
lecturer retains her femininity.

Touching briefl}- on a recent moment of dis-
couragement when after twenty years of in-
cessant labor a small body of humanitarians
found that conditions were no better but even
worse, Airs. Fiske told of the renewed cour-
age that came to them with a suggestion from
a man in Denver who had devoted the best
years of his life to their particular stud}^ It
is no longer necessary, she explained, to apolo-
gize or ofifer explanation for the inental atti-
tude of those who feel a very great responsi-
bility toward the dumb creation, although
fifty years ago anyone interested in it was
laughed at, and the old criticism that such

people were insensilde to human need should
be extinct 1)_\' this time, for it is stupid and
wicked. Nor are humanitarians sentimental-
ists. Booth Tarkington, the creator of Pen-
rod, and James Metcalf, edit(jr of "Eife," b(jth
acti\e humane workers, were cited as exam-
ples and no one would consider them senti-
mentalists.

The Jack London Societ}' was formed in
May, 1920. It is a national organization with
headcjuarters in Lioston. There are no officers
and no dues. Each member, by his signature,
agrees to leave any motion picture or other
performance where trained animals appear,
and to inform the manager (jf the reason for
the departure. The nnnement was started
after the publication of Jack London's two
dog stories, "Michael" and "Jerry."

Young Men's Christian Association

The Young Men's Christian ^Vssociation of
San Jose was formed in 1867. For several
\ears it had a precaritjus existence. In 1873
it "ceased to function" and its books and other
furnishings \\'ere sold to the San Jose Library
Association. A few vears later it was on its
feet again and in 1890 a fine two-story mod-
ern wooden building was erected for its use.
The location was on North Second Street near
St. John. For several years the association
had its ups and downs, but as debts began to
accumulate it was found necessary to sell the
building and lot. The Labor Temple Associa-
tion was the purchaser. {J\> to 1912 the Y. M.
C. A. occupied rented quarters. In Alay, 1911,
with new blood in its \eins, the association
started a campaign fur funds for a new build-
ing and equipment. The first gift \\'as that of
Chas. D. Blaney for $5,000. This was followed
by one from Mrs. Maria P. Schofield for $25,-
000. In all, in ten da}'s' work, the sum of
$160,000 was subscribed. A large lot on the
southeast corner of Third and Santa Clara
streets was purchased and ground for the new
building was broken on April 18, 1912. The
cornerstone was laid on August 20 of that
year. The building is a credit to the city. It
is of the modern renaissance design. The
building is 132^2 feet i)n the Third street side
and S7y2 feet on the Santa Clara street side.
At the rear the gymnasium, which has a width
of -10 feet, forms an L extending to the east
75 feet. The building is five stories and base-
ment. It is of entire concrete construction
with concrete stairwaj'S.

The basement has four first-class bowling
alleys. Electric and steam dri^■en pumps sup-
ply water from the artesian well and circulate
the hot and cold water supjily to the liaths
and different parts of the Iniilding. The ven-
tilating and indirect heating svstem is in-

252

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

stalled and there is also the Rotex vactium
system of cleaninfj-. The reading room is a
portion of the west side of lnliln- and provides
a \"ery C(in\-enient place for the reading of
the many jieriodicals. books and newspapers
on file. Here is a correspondence talde in-
\iting the stranger to write the delayed let-
ter. C)n the east side oi the hjbby are the
l)illiard and ])ocket billiard taljles. -\11 the fnr-
niture here, as A^-ell as in all parts of the
building, is of solid fumed oak construction.
The gymnasium is 40 feet A\"ide and 75 feet
long. The floor is of \\diite maple. It is pro-
vided with a running track 6 feet wide, the
track being twenty-eight laps to the mile. The
s\vimming pool is 20 by 60 feet. The fhior of
the pool is laid with ^'itrified tile and its walls
are lined \vith glazed white tile. The edge of
the floor around the entire pcxil, as well as
the oA-erflow edge which continues entirelv
ariiund tlie iioijl, is constructed so as to keej)
the pool in the most sanitary condition and
also pro^•ides good hand holds. The water is
cr}-stal clear, the pool haAdne a capacitv of
over fifty thousand gallons. The twentA'-two
shciwer baths are constructed of marble and
tile and nickel fittings throughout. The boys'
department is located on the \\-est ]iortion of
the second floor, with separate game and read-
ing rooms, equipped to delight every active
biiy. The assembly room has a seating capac-
it}' of 250. A kitchen adjoins this room, pro-
viding means of scr\dng lianquets and sujipers.
The dormitories occujiv the third, fourth and
fifth floors. There are seventA'-fi\-e rooms in
all. Each floor is e<;|uipped Avith ample la\'a-
tories, shower l.)aths, linen closets and trunk
room.

Chas. D. Pd.anex' was chairman (")f the build-
ing cominittce and his assistants were E. N.
Richmond, Prof. J. E. Hancock, H. A. Blanch-
ard and Cien. C. \\'ilson. Blanchard, then
I>resident of the board of directors. The Citi-
zens Campaign Committee to raise the funds
for the building had as chairman Henry C.
Murgotten, who was assisted b_v Chas. .V.
Titus, special secretary, Y. ^l. C. A., and the
following g'"ron|i leaders business men: J. S.
\A'illiams, C. H. "Waterman, bVcd M. Stern,
\V. L. Prussia, \'. Koch, E. K. Johnston, J.
\V. Chilt.m, G. AY. Borchers, H. ]\I. Barn-
groN'er, L. B. Ax'ery. Young men: W. E.
Spearman, E. D. Shepherd, E. N. Richmond,
E. H. Patterson, M. I)., ]. W. Nixon, Ed.
Newell, M. D., C. A\\ Jane.s, Geo. N, Herbert,
J. D. Crumme}', C. D. CaAallaro.

Tlie ne\\' building was o]>ened on ]\Pn' 2*^,
191,1 Tlie association is conducted Ii}' the fol-
lowing business men of San Jose: Board of di-
rectors— A. S. Bacon, Frank H. B>enson, Pf. A.
Blanchard, Geo. 13. Campbell, C. D. Ca\allaro,

lohn I). Crummey, D. J. Denhart, Geo. D.
C.ilman, J. Iv Hancock, J. E. Hoblit, Dale Hol-
land, Stanlev 1). Mathews, V. T. AlcCurdv, Dr.
Edward Newell, Y'. P.. Reillv, H. T. Reynolds,
\V. H. Stray, i:)r. E. R. Y'agner, C. Id. Water-
man, P)r. A, K. Dickinson ; lioard of trustees^
Y". (;. .\lexandcr. Dr. D. A. Beattie, H. A.
Pdanchard, C. IP Blane>', I^. C. Crummey.
Chas. F. Crotliers, W. S. (')rvis. Dr. E. R. Y'ag-
ner, Dr. C. i\l. Richards: the acti\'ities of the
association are directed b}' these secretaries:
R. C. Smedle\-, E. A. Saxton, G. F,. Atkinson,
H. \'. Pucas.'C. G. ^MatheAvs.

It is the business of the association to keep
men c)n their feet: tci help them to be physical-
ly strong, \\-el! and elficient. The trital attend-
ance at the g\-ninasium fi">r the last }^ear Avas
24.7'),P Shower baths to the nundier'of 29,000
were taken and 21,600 swdms AA'cre enjoA'ed in
the big, crA'stal pond: .^136 different men oc-
cu]")ied rooms in the dormitor}-, some for one
night, some for months, finding a clean, safe
place awaA' from home. P)\er 1,400 serA'ice
men were heliieil since June 1, 1'-'19. Fx-serv-
ice men, numbering 427, A\-ere helped to find
positions and 5S2 were ^"i\"en temporary helj)
wdien thcA' were without iiione}'. Hundreds
were gT-en counsel and a<K ice on jiersonal and
business matters. Through lectures, entertain-
ments, socials and ])ersonal service hundreds
ha\'e found help at piiint of need. The as-
sociation is distincth- a Christian Associa-
tion. It d(")es not force religion cm anvone.
l)ut conducts a AA'ork intended to present
Christian ])rinci])les in a practical AX'aA'. Geo.
I). Gilman is president of the association, lohn
D. Crummey is vice-president, R. C. Smedley
is secretarv, and Fred Saxtcm is physical dir-
ector.

Boys' Outing Farm

After the earthipiake of .\pril 18, 1^06, :\Irs.
liertha M. Rice, a philanthropic woman of
San Jose, Adsited vSan Francisco and A\diat she
saw enlisted her sA'm])athies in behalf of the
boys who roamed the streets in the Potrero
district. Her sympathy soon found ])ractical
form aiifl a few months after her A'isit she se-
cured contr(d of a large tract of ndling land
in the foothills above Saratoga. The tract
commands a fine view of the Santa Clara Yal-
ley and is in ever)- respect admirabp' suited
to the purpose she had in mind — to proAude a
place for boys' outing in A'acation or other
times. Her plans met the approval of many
charitable and well-to-do Avomen of San Fran-
cisco and funds were secured for the launch-
ing (if the laudable undertaking. EA'ery year
since L'06 the boys of vSan Francisco and oth-
er cities of Central California have flocked to
the ])lace, finding there not only a healthful
climate and beautiful surroundings, but all the

IIIS'I'ORY OK SANTA CLARA CoL'N'IA'

253

ai^pliances for oiildnor sjiorts and recrcalinii.
The farm is supplied with a lar<_;e cement
swimmino- ixk.I, a ('.reek Theater and mam-
tents. The I'xiy Scimts ha\e Imnul I lie farm
an ideal eampinj;- place and tlie\- come in num-
bers to the place every summer. Last ^ear
(1921) was the fourteenth annual encampment
of the Scouts. Sunda)' evening- services -were
held around a hug'e camp lire and many noted
speakers came down to address the children.
.A number of San b'rancisco si-hool teachers
and scientists from the nni\ersities are as-
sisting Mrs. Rice and her son. Ridand, \\-hii
is her riglit-hand man, in a cour-^e nf nature
study trips and lectures \\'liich ha^■e been in^
augurated for the benelit of the children. Vis-
its are made to the Lick Observatory at
Mt. Hamilton, the State Redwood Park and
other points i>f interest.

Red Cross Society

The San Jose Chapter of the Red Cross So-
ciet}- was organized in 1898 and the work it
has done forms one of the brightest pages of
histor}-. The first thought of this might}-
philanthropy that set the ionise of the wIktIc
world throbbing- in sympath}-, ori.ginated with
Henry Dunant, an humble but nol^le-hearted
Swiss, \\-ho while wandering- over the battle-
field of Solferino, in the capacity of a reporter,
was so forcibly impressed with the necessity
of immediate liel]) for the multitude of man-
gled soldiers he saA\' lying there with their
li\-id faces turned to the sky, crying out wdtli
their dying breath for a drop of water, that
he determined to make an appeal to the world
at large to relie\-e. if possible, the misery of
those who risk their lives on the battlefield
for their countr\-. He wrote ni-it r)f the g'lory
i-)f war, or in praise of its heroes, but on the
horror of the sacrifice and suffering it involved,
stirring the very heartstrings of the people
and creating such enthusiasm for the cause
that he was requested to appear before the
public and e.xplain his A-iews. The meeting
was held and Dunant set forth his plan of or-
ganized and s}-stemati7,ed relief, in time of
war, irrespecti\-e of friend or foe. At this
meeting a call \vas issued for an international
convention to l-)e composed (-)f those in sym-
pathy with the noble design of its founder.
The con\-ention met in Crene\-a in 1863, held a
four days' session and issued a call for a .gen-
eral convention in 186-1-. This second conven-
tion lasted tA\-o weeks and resulted in the adop-
tion of a code of nine articles which after-
wards became the basis of wdiat is known as
the Geneva Treaty. This code, which has been
accepted and adopted by e\-ery^ civilized nation
of the world, is the basis of the Red Cross
Society.

The C,ene\a Trc.-it)- firo\-ided for the neu-
tr.-ilizatioii in time n\ w,-ir nf the wounded, of
pers(jns and material for their care, of hos-
liil;il nurses and hdspilal supplies. A flag as
a coiiiinon sign for Imspitals, and an arm badge
lor con\-o_vs and attaches, was agreed u))(-m.
1 he Hag adopted was ;i red cross on a wdiite
ground in honor of the country in which the
charity originated. AVliere\er 'this little flag,
blazoned \\-ith its red i-ross, is unfurled, it an-
nounces no idle d.reani of material glory, but
re.gardless i-)f cmintry or creed, touches the
heart of every soldier with the spirit of broth-
erly love. It is even on the liattleiield "the
touch of nature which makes the world akin."
It g-i\es place, t(jii, fur wniiian, \\-itIi her tender
and humanizing influences, e\-en on the "bat-
tle's bloody marge." She need no longer sit
with tearful e)-es and folded hands, awaiting
the dread issue of the conflict — she can serve
under the flag of the Red Cross as an angel of
mercy.

The organization of the Red Cross in Amer-
ica is mainl}' due to that noble woman, Clara
|-!arton. The formation (-)f the International
Sdciety came too late f(-)r its utilization in the
,\nierican Civil A\'ar of 1861-65, in which }iliss
l'>art(m took an honorable and active part.
During the Franco-German war of 1870 she
went to Europe, carrying on her deeds ("if
mercy under the sheltering folds of the Red
Cross. r)n her return to the United States
she tried to have the American GoA-ernment
adopt the Geneva Treaty and ])ersisted in her
efforts during the administratim-is of Presi-
dents Hayes, Garfield and Arthur. It was
finalh- adopted by Congress (in March 2.
1882. ^liss Barton, wli(-) had previously or-
ganized a Red Cross Associati(]n, was made
its first president, and the exceeding glory of
ha\-ing first planted this beneficent society on
American soil belongs to her. After the ac-
ceptance of the Gene\a Treat}-, the National
Association at \\'ashington was formed, and
that was cpiickly f(-illowe(l by state associa-
tions. No societ}-, however, was formed in
California until the breaking out of the Amer-
ican-Spanish AA'ar in 18*^8. During that war
and through the strenuous days that follow-ed
the earthquake of 1906, the San Jose Chapter
|)erforined nol^le ser^-ice. But its crowning
efforts were exhibited during the European
w-ar of 1914-1918, ]5articularly during the two
}-ears that witnessed .Vmerica's participation
in the struggle. 'I'he stor}- of the self-sacrific-
ing work of the chapter, ^\■hicll was organized
in 1917, is told in an(}tlier chapter of this his-
tory. It was the first chapter on the Coast to
manufacture and shi]) garments to the refugees
of France and Belgium. It has never been
without funds. Overhead expenses were never

254 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

more than two pev cent of the money handled, and winemakers. To aid his cause Sallie Hart

Tlie Society affords reh'ef in times of peace as came down from San Francisco, gathered a

well as (if war. The National Society was the number of temperance women about her and

great reliever of suffering during the floods made several speeches. One of the speakers

at Galveston and Dayton, the fires at Boston hired by the saloonkeepers to bolster up their

and San Francisco, and the earthquake on the fight against Murgotten and his supporter was

Pacific Coast. The organization is semi-mili- Rew J. L. Hatch, whn had succeeded Rev.

tary and always ready for work. The officers Chas. G. Ames as minister of the Unity Con-

c)f the San Jose Chapter are Dr. J. B. liullitt, gregation. Hatch was foot-lo(ise at the time

chairman, and A\'. T. Ramb(.i, secretary. and made quite a stir ^vhile following up the

„ redoubtable Sallie Hart. ()n election day there

was intense excitement, for this was the first

The National Woman's Christian Temper- l("ical option election e\'er held in San Jose,
ance Unicm, which has several branches in Rough measures were employed Ijy adherents
Santa Clara County, the most important one of the licpior-sellers and several attempts to
being in San lose, was organized in Cle\eland, mob the temperance wtjmen ^\■ere made. In
Ohio, in NfAember, 1S74, \\'ith Airs. AA'itte- one, vSallie Hart had a narrow esca|)e, and in
m\"er president anfl Frances A\'illard secre- another Mrs. L. J. AA'atkins and a number of
tary. In 1879 California locals weve formed in her friends ^vere sul)jected to harsh treatment.
Grass Vallev, Sacrament(") and l-'etaluma. .\ There ^vere man}- refreshment booths about
convention \vas held in I'etaluma in that year town and it was afterwards asserted that num-
and the California State AV. C. T. U. Avas then bers of Rlurgotten's supporters, instead of get-
organized. Mrs. G. S. ."-Vbbott of (Oakland was ting into the thick of the fight and doing their
the first president and Mrs. M. E. Congdon of utmost to defeat the saloonkeepers, passed the
Petaluma A\'as the first secretary. The ne.xt greater part of their time about the eating
year she was instrumental in organizing the places. The result A\-as that the temperance
San Jose branch, which had Mrs. Nellie F}-ster people were beaten, the vote standing 1430 for
as its first president. After the outside license and 918 against license,
branches in the county were formed. Mrs. Fortv-one vears elapsed l^efore the temper-
Fannie Woods was elected county president, ance advocates made another attempt through
Ever smce its organization m Santa Clara ],,cal option to close the saloons of San lose
County It has fought for good laws. It se- During this time the temperance cause" had
cured the passage of a bill forbidding the sale everywhere strengthened, and therefore with
of liquor or tobacco to anyone under sixteen confi'dence the issue was sulnnitted for the sec-
years of age. In 1893 a school suffrage lull ,,,-,^1 ti,„e ^,^ t^g voters <m Tuesday, November
championed Iiy the \\ . C. T. U. was vetoed by 7^ jgi;, j^-,-,w there was strong organization
Gr.vernor Markham. The present officers of newspaper support, unlimited funds and a fa-
the local branch are: Mrs. Laura Beal, presi- vorable public sentiment. The proposition
dent; Airs. John G. Jury, vice-president; Miss submitted was not as drastic as that of 1874—
Mary Burkett, corresponding secretary; Mrs. j^ meant the closing of the saloons, but per-
George A\'orley, recording secretary; Mrs. mitted private consumption in hoires and the
Addie L. Johns, treasurer. .^ale of wine and beer at restaurant and hotel

There was a strrmg temperance movement tables. A heavy vote was polled 6,.214 elec-

in San Jose in 1874, and many women, after- tors voting to close the saloons and 4,667 vot-

wards members of the AA'. C. T. U., partici- ing to keep them open as before. In lanuary.

pated. The movement was started by Alex P. 1919, the national prohibition law went into

Murgotten, who obtained the requisite num- effect.
ber of signatures to a petition asking the state

legislature to pass a bill permitting a local Community Shop

option election in California. Other counties In the spring of 1921 the Community Shop

having filed petitions, the necessary act was was started for the purpose of giving assist-

passed Alarch 18, 1874, which permitted every ance to the poor and needy of San Jose by the

township or incorjjorated city in the state to sale of articles donated by charitab'lv disposed

vote on the question of granting or not grant- citizens. It is conducted" in such a" way that

ing licenses to sell intoxicating liquors. The |:>eoide in need of clothing and other neces-

supervisors of Santa Clara County issued the saries may bu}- at a small price to prevent the

call on the third of June of that year and the feeling that they are objects of charity. The

election took place on June 27. Murgotten annual report, made in A])ril, 1922, showed

made a valiant fight to close the saloons, but that during the year the receipts were

he was without a strong organization, wdiile $14,675.46. Disbursements : Good Cheer Club,

opposed to him were the organized, deter- $2,541 ; Santa Clara Tu1:ierculosis Association,

mined and desperate band of saloonkeepers $2,541 ; Day Nursery, $640.25 ; Home of Bene-

HISTORY OK SANTA CKARA COUNTY

255

volence, $640J5 : Sisters of the Holy Family,
$423.50; Catholic Children's Aid, $847. Play-
gronnds, $265; Palo Alto Con\ alescctU Tloiiie,
$415. JMrs. F. A. Nikirk is the president of
the board of directors, and the shop is lo-
cated on San Fernando Street, between Sec-
ond and Third.

Fraternal Orders

San Jose alionnds in fraternal societies, and
among- the great nnmber the following may
be mentioned : Free and Accepted Masons,
including ^'ork Rite and vScottisli Rite; Inde-
pendent Order of ( )d<l Fellows, Red Men,
Woodmen oi the AA'orld, Modern AX'oodmen,
(")rder of Camels, C)r(ler of Amaranth, Crand
Army of the Repnblic, with women's auxil-
iaries, AA'oman's Relief Corps, Radies of the

C. A. R., Royal Workers; Junior Order of
America)! Mechanics, Fraternal Aid Union,,
( )rder of C,o(]d Fellows, Royal Neighbors, R.
R. (). FJks, Order of Moose, Order'of Eagles,
American Yeomen, Daughters of Isabella, Re-
bekah and Eastern Star, Fraternal Brother-
hood, Sons of St. Ceor,ge, Pythian Sisters.
Kni.dUs of Pythias, Pyramid of Sciots, Cheer-
ful A\'orkers, nine troops of Roy Scouts, Span-
ish-American War Veterans, Knights of Co-
lumbus, N'oung Men's Institute, Young Ra-
dies Institute, Ancient Cjrder of Hijjernians,
Nati\-e Sons and Nati\'e Daughters of the
(^lolden West, Daughters of Veterans, Forest-
ers of America, Ancient Order (jf Foresters,
Disabled American VA'terans of the World
War, Veterans of Foreign Wars, National
Reagiie for Women's vService.

CHAPTER XXVI.

The Sanitariums and Hospitals of San Jose — The Splendid Appointments
of the O'Connor Buildings — Columbia Hospital and the Santa Clara
County Medical Society — Dr. Ben Cory.

The O'Connor Sanitarium, on San Carlos
Street, was erected in the 3-ear 1887 by Judge
and Mrs. M. P. O'Connor, with the intention
of proyiding an institution for the care of
the aged, the sick and the afflicted. The Sis-
ters of Charity of St. \'incent de Paul, at the
inyitation of the donors and suggestion of
Archbishop Riordan, took possession of it on
]March 19, 1889. During the thirty years of its
existence it has treated oyer 7000 patients.

It is ad\-antageously situated in the beauti-
ful and healthful vSanta Clara Valley at San
Jose, and within easy access of San Francisco.
Fourteen acres of beautiful grounds surround
the sanitarium and forever prevent the possi-
bility of any adjacent structure crowding close
enough to interfere with the present ideal con-
ditions. The spacious grounds are tastefully
laid out in lawns and orchard, orange plot and
pinery. Traversing these are numerous con-
crete walks and driveways, wdiich afford ideal
opportunity for exercise and recreation.

The general plan of the building arrange-
ment makes the most of the desirable location.
The substantial brick buildings, grouped in
architectural harmony, comprise a main build-
ing, two wings, chapel, kitchen, laundry, pow-
er house and stables. Isolated from these,
stands the Isolation Building for contagious
diseases. Numerous sheltered porches, a sol-
arium, and a garden pavilion enable the con-
valescent to enjoy the benefits of the outdoor

air. All the I)uildings are well lighted and
ventilated.

The different departments are completely-
equipped, each to meet its own special needs,
'l^hey com|)rise the surgical, medical, olistet-
rical. X-ray and electro-therapeutic depart-
ments, a clinical lal^uratory and i)harmacy,
and the isolation building for the care of con-
tagious diseases.

The sanitarium is especially equipped for
the care of surgical cases. The operating
rooms are as complete and up-to-date in ar-
rangement and equipment as it is possible to
make them. The rooms are all sunny and
well lighted. Owing to the favorable location
of the Institution, the ideal climate, and e.x-
tensi\'e grounds, its facilities for the best treat-
ment are ideal. Two large \vards for male and
female patients are maintaned and a smaller
^\'ard for chronic cases. In addition to these
there is also a children's ward. Special atten-
tion has been paid to the needs of these little
suiTerers.

Extensive improvements ha\'e been made in
the obstetrical division of the hospital. In ad-
dition to the private rooms, a newly remodeled
and equipped ward has been arrranged. Ad-
joining this is the deli\'ery room Avith interior
finish, furnishings, and equipment planned to
provide eyer_y convenience for the physician
and safeguard for the patient. The nursery,

256 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

with its row of basket-beds, open grate fire- patients. It belongs to suffering humanity,

place and sanitary tubs, is ideally arrangeil. irrespective of creed. The physicians of ,San

The department of electro-therapeutics and J<-'Se of all approved schools of medicine, pat-
radiography has l)ecn fullv developed and ronize the sanitarium, thus assisting very ma-
equipped with costlv i)ara]-)hernalia and will terially toward its support. It accommodates
prove of the utmost value in facilitating the fr'"" seventy-five to ninety patients daily,
diagnosis and treatment of \-arious diseases In connection \\'ith the sanitarium there is a
and injuries, ddie equipment is of the "x'er)' training school for nurses. This school is in-
highest standard and latest design. The X- corjiorated and is conducted according to the
ra}' department has l)een enlarged and trans- best methods of the dav. The usual curri-
ferred to a suite of rooms in the surgica.i an- culum of the general hos]Mtal training school
nex, wdiere its convenience will be greatly in- has been a(lo])ted. Iwectures are delivered
creased. semi-weekh" hv the training schoc)! staff and

Special apparatus consisting of a Kelly- there are semi-weekly classes conducted by

Koett eye localizer for foreign bodies, a bullet, the superintendent,

or foreign body localizer, a R,,entgen stere..- Columbia Hospital and Branch
scope, and numerous minor accessories, all

tend to enhance the value of this dejiartment. There are two large private hosjjitals in
The electro-therapeutic room has a complete S<'i" jo^e, both conducted by the incorporated
equipment for the use of electrictv as a medi- Columbia Hospital Company, of which Fdlen
cinal agent. An elaljorate Wai>pler calnnct Raiser is president. Dr. F. H. Paterson, vice-
furnishes all \arieties of the electric current. president, and Mrs. F. II. I'aterson, secretary.
A pneumo massage ai:)])aratus is included. ( >ne hospital is located at the corner of Alar-
Special <liagnostic instruments, electricallv il- ^^^^ '^"'1 -"^-'"t Carlos Streets, the other in East
luminated, "of the latest approved model.s', fa- ^San Jose, lioth establishments represent an
cihtate the diagnoss of the diseases of all ac- outlay of $150,000. The Market Street h(js-
cessilde (.rgans and tissues. .V large \'ictor pital is a large, modern building on a fifty-vara
eye magnet for the extraction of foreign l"t. The Fast San Jose hosjiital was purchas-
bodies has also been in.-.talled. ed in 1920 from ])r. F. J. Belknap, wdio had

fpi, , 1, ■ 1 1 ,11-1,1 , Conducted it for twent\'-three A'ears. The

the chemical and i)athological labrirat(-)r\- , -ir ,- i ' i .i . ' ,

1,-, . ,-,,-. ,1 t 1 i 1 1 J *i 1 " luuklings are of wood anfl the tract contains

has pio\'en to l)e ot great \alue to the hos- • , ^ '^ i. o i -^ i • i i -.i

, -(^1 „„ 1 .1, ,, r I ■ ■ \ eight acres, bloth hospitals are provided A\-ith

pital and the a.ttending pliA-sicians. A com- , ^ ^ ■ i n ^i ^ i , ,■

I *- ■ i r li . " i 1 laboratories and all the uii-to-date app lances.

plete eciuipment ot all the apparatus, chem- -.^■.•^ i i i r

• .,, . ^' 1 I ■ 1 ■ 1 r / kitteen nurses are emploA'ed am an a\-erage of

icals, and Inological supi)lies necessar\' lor ■ , ^ r ^- , ' , , i ■,

.„ ,1 It'll * ■ 1 -1 1 " ti eightv-n\-e i)atients are treatec ( aih'.

modern anahtical, l);icteriological and jiatho- .~. . i

logical work"is at the service'of the atti'nding '-''^le Columbia and Fast Columbia hospitals

physicians who desire to avail themselves of ^^'^re eombmed m 1021, the Columbia located

its'advantages for the benefit .)f their patients '" '"^^''t J'-'^'^ .?'""§' ""t "f existence. In April,

or for original research work. ^'^-1- t'le combined hospital went out of the

An isolation building was erected and open- ^''-'^'^ds of Dr. Paterson and hereafter will be

ed for service during the year 1910 All conducted by a group of individuals. The

highly contagious ami infections .hseases— trustees will control the business interests of

measles, scarlet fever, duditheria, erysipelas. the hospital, formulating plans tor extensions

,,tc.-cannot be a.lm.tted or treated ni the '^^d enlarging Jhetacihties ot the instituti<,n

wards and r,,oins of the general hospital, and "'■' ^!^^* the staff will have every pc.ssible facil-

through lack of such a building many persons '*>' ^."^ pi-'f^S'^nal comluct ,,t their w,,rk A

have 'been de],rived of the facilities offered ^'l'^^- '''''''" T*;"'''/'' i''*" '''"'-'"'*"^ ^'''"-

for the scientific conduct and efficient (piaran- thcMmes pursued by the larger cities,

tine of such diseases. The isolation building ^ '^^ ^''^'t Jose Hospital, the iiroperty of a

was erected through the beneficence of Air. corporation of local business men, is now in

and Mrs. C. D. lUaney, and is condmcted by course of construction on Santa Clara Street,

the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Faul ''eteween Fourteenth and khfteenth Streets.

Surrounded by its o'wn grounds it is entirely 't will be a strictly modern, fire-proof struc-

separated from the main hosi)ital building.s. ture throughout and will be equipped to pro-

The interior arrangement is such that no mu- '-'•'F' the greatest possil.)le comfort for ]iatients,

tual exposure of the patients suffering from nurses and physicians and surgeons. The

different contagious or infectious diseases is project is sponsored bv" sixty-six leading phy-

liable. sicians of the county and the management will

The sanitarium is not endowed, the only in- be in the hands of a board of directors of

come being from pay patients. Its ministra- \vhich S. G, Tompkins is president and ]. L.

tions are not reserved for any one class of Haskins, secretary. The total cost of" the

IIJSTORV Ol' SANTA CUARA COUNTY

257

building will be $185,000. All the ninney for
the site and building' has already lieen secured.

County Medical Society

The Santa Clara County Medical vSoeiety
Avas organized in 1870. reorganized in I'MK),
and is still in existence. Its objects are Id
create fraternal feelings among members, to
ad^'ocate a high standard of ethics, to frdw ii
upon illegal practices, to safeguard the pulilic
health, to recei^•e and discuss reports of inter-
esting cases and to keep abreast of the times
in all matters pertaining to the practice nf
medicine and surgery. The officers are: T. L.
Blanchard, president; 1{. F. Holbrciok, first
\ ice-iiresident ; G. P. Hall, second Nice-presi-
dent; R. L. Hogg, third vice-presdent ; H. J.

B. Wright, treasurer; J. L. I-'ritchard, secre-
tarN' ; councillors at large, A. E. Osborne. P. A.
Jordan. J. 1. Miller; admission, M. D. Baker,
T. 1. Miller! L. A\ Saph ; ethics, A. E. Osborne,
j. \\'. Thayer. R. G. Reynolds, E. A. Flipello.
H. C. Brown; executive, Chas. M. Richards. J.

C. l')lair, Frank Paterson, L. S. Moore. F. ^^.
Rvan ; publication and library, C. E. Saunders,
A. E. Dickenson. I^. M. Rose ; finance, P. A.
Jordane, X. H. Bullock. J. I. ISeattie ; public
health. D. A. Beattie. Jonas Clark, S. B. \'an
Dalsem. C. C. Ledyard, Bert Loehr.

It was through the instrumentalit)- of this
society that the city board of health came into
existence. The society, however, has never
left the full burden of the work to the health
office, but by means of special committees has
aided the board in exposing imsanitary condi-
tions which have menaced the pu1:ilic health
and demanded attentions and aliatement.

Dr. Ben Cory was the pioneer ])hysician (if
the city. I-Ie came to San Jose in 1847. He
saw a few adobes scattered about the Plaza
and believing that time would witness a ma-
terial growth in population and business at
once established himself in his profession. He
witnessed a transformation of the valley and
state, and his most extravagant dreams of its
future growth in wealth, in adornment, and
all that accompanies an advanced civilization
were more than realized. Dr. Cory was a na-
tive of Ohio, and was born in 1822. He was
a graduate of Miami University and com-
menced the study of medicine wth his father,
who was a prominent physician. Later he at-
tended the Medical College of Ohi(; and re-
ceived his degree in 1845. For two years he
practised medicine with his father, and then
started across the plains to the Pacific Coast.
He arrived at Portland, Oregon, and from
there came to San Jose. He performed much
public service. He was a member of the
first Legislature of the state, and was also a
councilman and member of the Ijoard of edu-
cation. He died in 1895.

Dr. Cory was very jjojjular, both as a citizen
and as a physician and surgecm. He was
kind-he;irte(l, and generous U> a fault. While
ills ])r()lessi()n was lucrative, he was many
limes low in pock'et on account of his inabil-
ity to say no to the demands upon his ])urse.
He lost many thousands of dollars endorsing
notes hir friends and it was wdiile he was al-
most financially embarrassed on account of
these losses that an old friend living in Sac-
ramento wrote to him that he was in dire need
of $700. if Dr. Cory would endorse a note to
that amount for him he would be eternally ob-
liged. Dr. Cory hated to refuse the request,
l)ut he felt that he must. s(j he answered his
letter giving his reasons for the refusal. The
Sacramentan wrote another letter, a plea so
f(jrcible that the good doctor could not muster
uj) courage to say that he, too, was hard press-
ed and could not oblige his friend. Instead,
he endorsed the note and the Sacramentan was
profuse in his expressions of thankfulness. He
appreciated the favor and would see to it that
the note was paid befrjre maturit\-. Time
passed and Dr. Cory had forgotten about the
afl:'air when one day he received a note from
the liank which had paid over the money,
stating that the note was due, that the Sacra-
mentan had failed to pay even the interest,
and that it was now up to the doctor to step
in and pay the $700 and interest. Dr. Cory
was a very mild-mannered man, but it is pos-
sil)le that he used rather strong language
\\'hen he realized that he had again been taken
in. In his wrath over the duplicity of his
former friend he sat down and wrote the Sac-
ramentan a letter, winding up with the expres-
sive phrase, "You are no gentleman."

A week passed and then a well dressed man
walked into Dr. Cory's office and stated that
he represented the Sacramentan and was the
bearer of a challenge to fight a duel. Dr. Cory
laughed and said he would accept the chal-
lenge. He was then informed that as the chal-
lenged party he had the right to name the
weapons that should be used. "Shot guns at
ten paces," was the reply. The Sacrament-
an's representative demurred at the choice,
but Dr. Cory was not to be moved from the
position he had taken. "Shot guns at ten
paces — take it or leave it," he said, and the
representative went out with a frown on his
face. That night the Sacramentan left v^an
|t)se and no mention of duel or muncN" was
ever afterwards made by him.

Dr. Cory had a large professional practice,
lioth in the city and the country. ( )ne night,
in the late '50s, an urgent case called him to
Alviso. While at the house of his patient he
was presented with a large s\\eet potato as a
sample of what was grown on the marsh lands

-'58 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

near the ha}'. On the road home he kept the it. To him it looked hke a pistol in the hand

potato in his hand and when ahont half way ,)f a man who meant business. With a yell

to San Jose was stopped l.y a hio-hwayman .v^.n't shoot," he left the road, jumped over

with the customary demand to throw out his ^, r-.. r i . r • u. i- ,

monev and other valuables. The doctor reined '^'^ '^'^'^'- ''^"^' "''''' """^ ""^ "* ""'S^^' ^'"' ^'^^

up and then, unccmsciously, lifted the ])otato '"oment Dr. Cory was amazed at the robber's

and began to twiddle it in his hand. The high- action, but a glance at the potato furnished

wayman saw the tuber and did not identify the e.xplanation needed.

CHAPTER XXVII.

The History of San Jose's Fire Department — Primitive Appurtenances of|
the Early Days — Volunteer Department for Twenty-six Years — The

Police Department's Growth and Work.

It was on the eleventh of July, 1850, that aljle fires during the existence of this com-
the mavor and common council took the first [)any \\'cre the burning of the house of Samuel
official actit)n to^'ard the ]irotection rif pmjier- C. ^'(lung, on Third Street, and the destruc-
ty from fire, wdien it established the first fire tion of the old State Hoiise. The latter event
limits as follows: Commencing at the center occurred in March, 185,5, and demonstrated
of Second and St. lames Streets; thence along the im])erati\e necessity of more adequate
Second to San Carlos; then along San Carlos i^rotectiim. Prior to this time the cit}- gov-
to the .^cequia; then along the Acequia to a ernment seemed to think that private enter-
])iiint that would intersect the jirolongation of jirise \\-(iuld take this responsibilitv from the
v^t. fames Street; thence along St. James council, 'idiis ojiinion is based on a clause of
Street to the place of lieginning. .\t the same .Ma_\-or White's message of 1851, in \vhich he
time it was ordered that within these limits sa^'s : "I \vould respectfully urge that a fire de-
there should be erected no edifice comixised partment Ix' immediatel}' organized, and, if
of can\"as, willows, ccjtton, cloth, tules. mus- necessary, that an engine and other apparatus
tard, reeds or other grasses under a ])ena]t\" lie procured, l)ut there is reason to lielieve that
(]f not less than twenty-fi\e nor more than two the [)ul)lic spirit of our citizens will render any
hundred dollars. It was also ordered that outlay b}- the cit_\- in tliis matter unnecessary."
ha\" stacks shuuld nnt be maintained, unless Ha\ing thus relegated the matter to the
suitablv guarded, under a like ]X'nalt}'. "public spirit of the citizens," the matter rest-
Aliout this time a volunteer fire conqjanv ^''' ii"til 1853, when the council jiassed an or-
called Fire l^ngine N(j. 1, was formed. Phi's dinance dividing the city into inur fire wards
was a misnomer, as there was ufi engine or ^md a])])oiiUing the fnlhiwing ])ersons as fire
other apparatus in the county. The company wardens: b'or^District Xo. 1. M. \\". Packard;
seems to have realized its mistake as in the ^-""- -. Alvin C. Campl>ell ; No. ,\ A. S. Wood-
same vear it changed its name to Eureka Fire iord; No. 4, Peter Davidson. .-\t the same
Company, No. 1.' The members made a])pli- f-ii"L' an appropriation of $2000 was made for
cation to the mayor and council for an engine. tl^f purch.ase of a fire engine, with hooks and
But as there was no fire machinery to be had ladders, the ])resident of the council being
on the coast and as the city had no nxmey to authorized to draw warrants and orders in
make the purchase e\'en if the machinery such sums as he should deem ad\'isable and
could be prcicured, the com]jany was forced to pay the same o\-er to the committee of eiti-
work with buckets and such rude appliances zens that should be selected by the people.
as they could find. P.ut what it lacked in ap- As a result ,,f this acti.,n Hook and Ladder
paratus it made up m enthusiasm and there- Cmpany No. 1 was organized in the latter
fore much go(,d was accomplished. The in- part of i85,x and on lanuary 6, 1854, it noti-
tlamniable nature of the materials with which fied the council of its" organization and asked
the Iniildings were constructed rendered it al- for an appropriation for the purchase of appa-
most an impossiljility to extinguish a fire, ratus. The matter was referred t.i a commit-
though this same frailty of constructi(in en- tee, which was instructed to confer with the
abled the firemen to_ destroy connections and foreman and draw up an ordinance covering
prevent the spread of the fire. The nmst not- the matter prcjposed. The committee was al-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY 259

so authorized to somirc the lease ol a suitaMe sion was formed, the prineipal streets were
lot on wliieh to ereet a huildint;' for the ae- taken in, a halt l>ein<_; made at the liriek eliureh
commodation of the eonipanw The eonnnit- on llu' ei>rner of Seeond and San I'T-rnando
tee repeirtetl that I'rank Lij^htslon had agreed Streets. Ilere l\e\. I''.li dirwin, in hehalf of
to lease a lot for the nominal rent ot twent\'- the ladies i>| San |iise, presented kjnjdre Com-
hve eents per annum, if the eonipan)- would lian\ with a beautiful silk hanuer. The de-
ereet suitable building's within twehe mouths. jiartment (hen repaired to the eit\' hall where
The lease was eflected and the old engine a bountilul eollatiou was s]iread, and jjassed
house on Lightstou Street, lor many }'ears a se\eral hours in speeeh-making anfl soeial in-
prominent landmark, was ereeted. terennrse. This was the first parade uf the
At the meeting- of the eouucil held June 26. hrst dejiarment. Afterwards the firemen par-
1854, new fire wardens were elected, and a aded annually on the Fourth of July,
committee was ap]iointed to see it a fire en- ( )n May .il, 1855, a disastrous fire oceur-
gine couUl be jnu'chased in San Francisco. At red in the most populous ])orti(in uf the cit\'.
the next meeting the committee reported that It originated on a short, narrow alkw east of
an engine could be procured for $1800, and Market and south of El Dorado Street. There
that hose would cost $1.50 per foot. 1 he were se\eral buildings on the alley, and im-
committee also reported that four cisterns mediateh- west of these and fronting on Mar-
would be recpured and recommendeil that one ket Street were the stores of Lazarus iv Com-
be located at the intersection of Market and jian\', clothing and dr\- goods merchants; the
Santa Clara Streets and one ni front of Jones' fruit and grocery store of C.io\anni Mulinari ;
store on First Street, about opposite Fountain the \e,getable and grucer)- store of Laptiste
Alley. All the recommendations of the com- Soularis; the jewelry store of F. L A'euye :
mittee were ado]ited and the apparatus was the C(>nfectii)ner\- establishment of Madame
purchased at a cost of $2,546.25. Of this Ahdso, and the extensiye saddlery empurium
amount the citizens contributed $1355 and the df August Schweeb. .\11 of these suffered con-
remainder was paid out of the cit}" treasury. siderable loss. The jirogress of the fire south-
The cisterns were located as recommended ward was checked somewdiat l")y the brick walls
and for more than t\\'ent}' }-ears \\'ere main- of the Auzerais building, and this obstacle
tained and used for fire pur]-)Oses. coupled with the heroic exertions of the little
The engine purchased at this time had an in- fire department, preyented that porti(in of the
teresting'history. It had been used by the city from being entirely destroyed. After the
\'oluntec'r Fire Department of New York as fire had gone out the half-consumed remains
early as 1820 and was known as "r)ld 41," its of a man were found in the ruins,
quarters being at the corner of Delaney and This fire, and the rapid growth of the city.
Liyingston Streets. Leyi C.r)odrich. the archi- showed the necessity of further additions to
tect. and Abe Beaty. the first landlord of the the fire department. Init it was nearly a }-ear
Mansion House, had run wdth the old machme before anything was done. In 1856 James
in New York. Li 1850 it was sent to San Courlay returned from a \'isit to New York.
Francisco and sold to the engine company of bringing with him a hand engine which he
which Senator Da\'id C. Broderick was fore- offered to sell to the city. The council agreed
man. The cit\- of San Jose purchased it from to purchase it if a compan)- to handle it could
the Piroderick Company. When brought to be ft)rmefl. This was no difficult matter a,nd
San lose it was gi\'en into the hands of the in a few days a company rejiorted as ready
Empire Compan^" and became "Empire No. for seryice. This company was called Torrent
1." After it had outli\-ed its usefulness it was No. 2. and went into the department ;\lay 12.
sent to the count}' almshouse. 1856. The old Torrent engine did good ser-

The city had now a yery effectixe fire de- yice for many years.
partment of two companies, manned by prom- These three companies constituted the fire
inent citizens full of that heroic enthusiasin department of San Jose for nearh- ten years,
for wdiich the \-olunteer fire companies of Am- In b865 the city jnirchased a steam engine for
erica were noted. Hook and Ladder Company Empire No. 1. This action made the idd en-
had a fine truck manufactured b}- D. J. I'orter gine used by Torrent No. 2 present a poor ap-
and H. [. Haskell, the wood W(.)rk being done pearance. so the boys cast abt)ut for a better
by C. S." Crydenwise. machine. James Gourlay went to San Fran-
A grand parade of the department took cisco. wdiere he found a fine Hunneman hantl
place on New Year's day of 1855. Both com- engine for sale yery cheap. He spient some
panies assembled at the new engine house on time in testing its capacity, and being fully
Lightston Street, wdiich has just receiyed its satisfied came back and reported. ^ Ajjplica-
finishing coat of paint from the brush of tion was made for its purchase. The price
James Gourlay, a yeteran fireman. A proces- was $1750. cash, and the city had only $1200

260

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

available for fire purposes. It was finally
agreed that if the balance could be raised by
subscription the city would buy the engine.
A meeting of the company was called and the
tenor of the discussion was that it was useless
to try to raise such a large amount. Finally
Gourlay threw $50 on the table, saying that
it \vas about the last dollar he had, but it
should go toward purchasing the new en-
gine. Immediately the coin began to be pour-
ed on the table and in less than twenty min-
utes the required amount A^as raised. The
machine was purchased and remained with the
company until 1873, \\dien the city purchased
a Clapp & Jones steamer fr)r the Torrents,
and the old Hunneman was turned over to
Franklin Company, which had lately l)een
organized. A few years later it was sold to
the town of Turlock.

In 1855 the department, with the consent of
the council, established a Ijoard of delegates,
liy which it was practically go\'erneJ. The
board consisted of a nund:)er of memijers sel-
ected from each compan}- i ne office of chief
engineer had been created and soon loecame a
position of great labor and responsibility. In
1866 the department asked the council t(j pro-
vifle a salar}' for the chief, but the application
was denied on the ground that the charter
would not permit such action. The officers
and members served from 1852 to 1876, with
no compensation, gi\*ing their l)est serA'ice,
and often risking their li\es, for the benefit of
the property owners of the city. In addition
to this much of the money for ecjuipment was
taken from their o«n pockets.

In 1859 a fire occurred in the kitchen of
Judge W. T. Wallace's home, on First Street,
near where the Arcade is now located. The
fire department displayed such skill and ener-
gy that but small damage resulted. In recog-
nition of their services Judge Wallace pre-
sented the department with $5000, A\diich \\'as
placed in a fund for sick and disabled firemen.
This was the beginning of the Firemen's Char-
itable Assocation. In 1869 an act was passed
by the Legislature incorporating the de-
partment and pro\"iding for exemption. 1j)-
its terms a person whtj had served m the de-
partment for five years was entitled to a cer-
tificate exempting him from military ser\ice
or the payment of poll-tax. The fund con-
tinued in existence until the paid fire depart-
ment was organized, \vhen, most of the mem-
bers having withdrawn, it was divided among
the survivors.

Early in 1876 the questitm of organizing a
paid department Ijegan to be agitated. The
city harl been out of debt for many 3'ears, pro-
perty had largely increased in value, and the
city, itself, felt financially able to assume the

burden. At this time the city had two steam-
ers, Empire and Torrent; one hand engine,
Franklin ; two hose companies, Alert and Eur-
eka, and Hook and Ladder Company No. 1.
Each of these machines was housed in build-
ings owned by the city, except Hook and Lad-
der, which occupied a rented room near the
California Theater on Second Street. The
city proposed to take over all this property
and allow the old department to seek other
quarters and apparatus, or disband. The
\olunteers naturally considered this method of
procedure as savoring of ingratitude. They
had given long years of hard service with no
compensation and they objected to Ijeing sum-
marily dismissed. The machinery which the
city proposed to take represented several hun-
dreds of dollars of their own money, which
the}^ had contributed for the general good, and
although the title was undoubtedh' in the city,
they thought they had strong claim for con-
sideration. They could not legally object to
turning over the property and A'acating their
quarters, but they resolved to dislsand rfll their
companies. The paid department was organ-
ized October 3, 1876, and just before midnight
of that day all the companies jiaraded the
streets and when the last stroke of tweh'e
sounded they left their machines in front of the
city hall and on Santa Clara Street. This A\as
the last of the Volunteer Fire Department of
San lose, a.s' intelligent, well-disciplined and
puljlic-spirited body of men as was e\er or-
ganized in any citA' in the LTnitecl States.

In the fall of 1870 A\'ashington Hose Com-
pany was organized and did good service, but
after a few years it disbanded because the city
had failed to provide it with either suitable
([uarters or apparatus. In 1875 the people
in the northeastern part of the city, needing
more adequate protection from fire, organized
Eureka Flose Compan)- and a house was built
for them on Ninth Street near Julian. In
1876, Alert Hose Company was organized.
At first the old hose cart of the disbanded
Washingtons was used, but soon a handsome
carriage was purchased.

Fr(.)m an old and defaced chart a few of the
names of the old members of Hook and Lad-
der Company No. 1, have been deciphered.
They are: Joseph McGill, Joseph H. j\lunn,
Calvin C. Martin, Isidro Braun, John B. New-
son, W. McGill, John C. Emerson, Geo. Hall,
William Cummings, Elihu Allen, J. Y. Aver,
Geo. M. Yoell, S. H. Bohm, S. H." Covert! S.
Waterman, August Schweeb, P. H. Burgman,
D. C. Chadwick, James Gourlay, Joseph Bass-
ler, lames D. Page, John Balbach. Geo. Lehr,
Charles E. Allen^ Charles F. W^illey, lulward
W(jodnut, Frank Lightston, Elliott Reeil, E.
P. Reed, W. A. Murphy, Levi Goodrich, D.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA CoHNTY

261

J. Porter. Samuel ( )rr, Charles Mmxl)-, Josiali
Belden, Le\i V. Peck. C. S. Crxdenwise. Idlin
O. Pearl, Henrv ]. Maskell, S.' ( ), 1 [c.u.<,'-lU(.ii,
f. N. Flickino-er, John M. Muriihv. J. ('). Mc-
Kee, R. G. Roberts, John Yontz, Plartkn- Pan-
ham, Eli Tones, A. A\\ liell. (leo. .Mien,
Thomas Souhlette, A. ]. Eddy, C.. A\'. AYarner,
R. F. Davis, W. A. Munn, j' P. Cliamherlain.
Frank IMcKee, A\'illiam Lowrey, John Mott,
Sam Jacc>bs, John T. Colahan, Chas. JMartin,
L. F. Kidfield, Geo. Pennin.ijton, Julian Smart,
Nareisso Sunol.

Following are the names of the old mem-
bers of Empire No. 1 : F. G. Appleton, A. S
Beaty, J. E. Brown, P.. F. Brown, S PL Bn.wn,
John P)eaty, Thomas Bro^\'n, G. PT, Bodtish,
George Bego, M. P. Parker, ;\. C. Campliell.
P. Carlos. Chas. A. CIa^'ton, J. Cirinskv, C.
Crittenden, C. D. Cheney.' S. Dial, AY. H. bear-
ing, Peter Davidson, N. B. Edwards, A. Eatt)n,
R. Fisher, John Forney, M. Fisher, J. PT. Cre-
gory, Jasper D. Gunn, Levi Goodrich, Geo.
Hale, "D. ay. Herrington, M. Hillman, Adam
Hallowa}'. S. J. Plensley, Geo. PTanna, James
Hartwell, S. N. Johnson, J. AY. Johnson, Geo.
N. Jefferson, Richard Kno\vles, 1\. Panglev,
Frank Lewis, R. PP Leeteh, C. A\'. Landen,
Fred Malech, Herrick Martin, J. McKenzie,
Philander Norton, B. G. Porter, Peter Pon-
goon, C. M. Putney, Peter Ouinev. A\'. Runk,
A. AY. Stone, F. E. Spencer", M. 'Stern, J. M.
Sherwood, F. Stock, M. R. Smith, F. B. Tomp-
kins, Daniel Travis, Francis Thelig, AA'ilHam
Travis, A. M. Thompson, T. AYhaland, T. AYil-
liams, W. Whipple, George AYhitman, F.
Woodward, C. AY. AYright, D. Yoehan, C. T.
Ryland, J. A. Moultrie.

About the time the paid department was
organized the cit)' also adopted an automatic
tire alarm s^'stem, which has been improved
from time to time. The chiefs of the fire de-
partment under the volunteer S3rstem were C.
E. Allen, John B. Hewson, Levi Peck, J. C.
Potter, Dan Ledd}', Adam Halloway, James
\^. Tisdall, AVilliam Petry and J. Chris Gerdes.
The officers un ler the paid department have
been: J. C. Gerdes, AY. D. Brown, James
Brady, Rudolp'.i Hoelbe, Frank Dwyer, Henrv
Ford, Richard Brown, George Hines, Geo.
Tonkin, Ed. Haley and H. AY. Hobson. ^At
the present time (1922) the department con-
sists of eight fire houses and ten companies.
The houses are situated as follows : Market
Street (old city hallj : North Third Street,
North Eighth Street, Seventeenth and Santa
Clara Streets, First and Reed Streets, Spencer
Avenue, Second and Jackson Streets, South
Eighth Street. The equipment consists of
three engines, five combination outfits, one
chemical, one truck, and two hose wagons. In
1915 the horses were displaced by motors.

There are forty-foin" men in the <leparlment.
(ine chief (IP A\'. Plobson), one assisl.'ml ( liief
( 1), \i. C'avallaro), and forty-two ])ri\'ales. The
department has the re])Utatioii of l)eing one
of the most efficient on tlie Pacific Coast.

The Police Department

>S;in Jose's pdbce de])artment dates back t^i
the days of '4'*. Wdien llie Americans came
into ])ower the duties of marshal, constable
and sheriff were all jierformed l)y Harry j-iec,
under the Mexican title of ;\lguazil. In 1851,
a marshal for the city work was selecti'd in the
person of G. N. AYhitman. He served for (jne
year arid ^vas succeeded by (V"o. Hale, who
held office for three years. In 1855 T. E. Sou-
blette ^^•as elected to the ])osition and he served
the ]ieople until 1859, when |. D. Gunn was
chosen marshal. Gunn ser\ed until 1862 and
then gave \vay to A\\ S. Patterson, who served
only one year, a severe injury causing him to
retire to private life. In attempting to ar-
rest an offender he was struck on the head Ijy
a beer bottle ydiich caused a fracture of the
skull. At times he was insane and finally he
was sent to the insane asylum at St(Jckton.
He died there f(\er t\\-enty 3'ears ago. After
Patterson came J. C. Potter, who held office
until 1866. His successor was A B. Hamil-
ton, ^^ho was marshal until 1869. AX'illiam
Sexton \vas his successor, who ser\ed until
1872, and then retired in fa\'or of Hamilton.
In 1874, a ne^\^ charter created the office of
chief of police and aljolished the office of mar-
shal. The first chief was James A'. Tisdall,
and after him came D. N. Haskell. AY. B.
Shoemaker, AA", D. Brown, Richard Stewart,
H. A. De Lacy, James Kidward, Ed Haley, T.
AY. Carroll, Geo. Kidder, Frank Ross, Roy
Hay ward, Da\'e Campbell (acting), Ben Ful-
ler, J. N. Black. The latter is now the incum-
])ent of the office.

In the early days the city prisoners were
confined in the county jail. AAdren the city
hall on North Market was built in the late
fifties, the citv prison (or calaboose, as it was
called) was located in the yard liack of the
police oltice. There were se\'eral sheet iron
tanks, about 7 x 9 in size, and these were used
both for male and female ofTenders. The jus;
tice's court adjoined the police office, so that it
was easy to bring a prisoner into court.

The liest known of all the police tifficers of
the earl}' days was Mitchell Pjelk}w, called by
everybody "i\Iitch Belloo." He was a terror to
evil-doers and old timers will ne\er forget
him. Of medium height, tough as a wildcat,
with snappy black eyes and a ferocious scowl,
he swaggered along the streets, "seeking whom
he might devour." He never wore suspenders,
a leather belt serving to keep up his trousers

-62 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

which wouldn't stay kept up, so that Mitch ers would only have to say, "Now you be

was engao^ed the greater part of his time in good or I'll send Mitch Belloo after you," to

giving them a sailor hitch. He was as cour- com])el instant obedience.

ageous as a crusader, but his methods were !„ 1887 the new city hall on Market Plaza

rough. It a law breaker, petty or otherwise, ...^^ i,^,jit ^nd the police office and prison had

tailed to respond to a command out would ^^^^. ^^^^i „p.to-date quarters. Now, in addi-

come Much s club he kept bus ch,b sttspended ^^ comfortable, well-ventilated and sani-

trom one side ot his l)elt. his pistol on the u -^i ^ ■ i r ^i r

,>tiTe,- ^;r]^\ ^„A i-u^ -ft- 1 ij ■ tary cells with a matron m charge of the fe-

otner side), and the ottender would receive •; . , . . ^. , . ,

a series of whacks, the echoes of which could '"^le prisoners, there is a receiving hospital

be heard a block awav. Sometimes the club ^"^1 ^ l)ureau of identification with Govern-

would fail of effect on account of the thickness m«-'nt connection. The force is equipped with

of the victim's head and then the Initt of the a motor patrol truck, and a motorcycle. Be-

revolver would get into play. So terror-in- sides Chief Black and two captains, there are

spiring was his reputation that San Jose moth- twenty-two patrolmen.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

The Early Churches of San Jose and Their Vicissitudes — History of tht
San Jose Library — Its Growth from Small Beginnings — The County
Free Library and Its 'Work.

The religious environment of vSan Jose is those of kindred sympatliies and c>f like faith

thus described In' the late I\e\-. John W. Dins- and fellowship."

more, D. D., L. L. D. "Among the advantages Following is the list of the San Jose

and attractions which the city possesses there churches and religious denominations: Protes-

is not one which has precedence over its t^nt — Methodist Episcopal Church (2).

churches and religious mstitutir.ns. W e have ^s^. Paul Methodist Episcopal Church South,

here, and at its best, almost every type of re- German Methodist Episcopal Church, Presby-

hgious faith and fellowship— Hel)rew, Catholic ^^.^ian (2). Baptist. Grace Baptist, Trinity

and Protestant. People of every known creed ( Episcopal ), Christian, Grace Lutheran, Sec-

and communion may find here those who share ,„.^^i ^^ay Adventists. Home of Truth, Unitar-

their views and follow their discipline. j^^,^^ p,^t,^^q Pentecostal, Universal Brother-

"The Roman Catholic Church is much the h,,od of Spiritualists, First Spiritual Union,

oldest communicjn in the county. Its piriests Abjrnion (2). Nazarene, A. M. E. (Zion)

and parishes, its schools and convents and its Church, Christ Churr',i Mission, Upper Room

charitalde institutidus are numerous, strongly Mission, Emmanuel Baptist, Swedish Mission,

sustained. Nearly all types of religion classed Congregation Bikur Cholim, First Church of

under the name ..f Protestant are represented Chrtst, Scientist; Bethel, .'\merican Lutheran,

here: Methodists, Presbyterians, Lutherans, United Presbyterian, and Free Methodist.

Congregationalists, Baptists, Christians, E])is- Catholic— St. ' losejih's, St. Patrick's, St.

copalians. Friends, Christian Scientists and Mary's, Holy Family, Sacred Heart, Precious

other denominations of almost e\'er\- name Bloo'd Five' Wounds

and variety. Many congregations are very The' j.ioneer churches of San Jose were St.
stronlj, and some ot them are large and have i.^eph;, (Catholic), Methodist Episcopal
a powertul influence in the c.mimunity. 1 he church, Methodist Episcopal Church, South,
oldest Protestant Church in the c.unty, and pii-gi baptist Church, Trinity Church, Chris-
one of the oldest in the state, is the First Pres- tian Church, Society of Friends. German Me-
l».-terian. It was organized (Jctol)er 12, 1849, thodist Episcopal Church, Unitarian Church,
and has been sustained e\er since. The Me- L'nited Presliyterian Church, Congregation
thodist and Ba])tist assi jciations came in a lit- ISikur Cholim. and First Congregational
tie later. C)thers came rapidly as time ])assed Churches.

l)y. Int(j the economic and social life (jf the St, Joseph's Church dates back to 1803.

county all good and upright people are wel- In 1835 improvements were made, adobe mud

c<imed on precisely eciual terms. Here ]x'0|)le being used in the construction. This building

of almost every religious jjersuasion may find was afterwards encased in brick. It was fin-

ta

CO

o

u

•■J

■Si

■fi

HISTORY OK SANTA CLARA C(_)L1NTY 263

ally destro3'ecl by fire. The present Iniililini^-, the old ehureh, services for awhile were held

a large, handsome and eonmiodions structure, in a room in the second story. Now services

was completed in 1887. Ailditions were after- are held in an ornate Iniildini;- at the corner

wards made, so that now it lacks in nothing;- of vSccond and San Carlos Streets,

essential to the convenience of the jiriests 'phe |.'irst llaptist Church was organized

and their followers. It stantls on the site of May I'J, 1850, hy Rev. (). C. \'Vheeler,'()f San

the original church of 1803. hVanciseo, who was the First llajitist minister

The First Presbyterian Church, as Dr. on the Pacific Coast, it had (Jiily eight mem-

ninsmore has stated, \\as organized in 184Q. bers at the jjeginning. This small member-

Re\'. Air. Douglas, James Mathers and wife, ship could not alTcjrd to engage a ])ermanent

Sarah Warren Button, S. \\ . Hopkins, ()li\'er pastor, so arrangements ^vere made bv which

Crane, Austin Arnold, and I^r. J. C. Col)li monthly meetings, conducted bv Mr. Wheeler,

•were the organizers. The first services were were held. In Nmemlier of that year a lot

held in the Juzgado, or Justice Hail, of the al- was purchased at the corner of Third and

calde's court, on Market Street. The first sac- Santa Clara Streets. Here Re\'. L. (J. Grenell,

rament of the Lord's Supper was administered from the Baptist Home Alissionary Society,

in a blue tent made h\ "Crandma" Pascom. took charge and in the following February

Vp to this time the state house hafl been used, \\'as elected permanent pastor. The place of

in eonjunction with the llaptists, as a ])lace meeting was afterward mo\ed to the corner

■of worship. In the latter part of 1850 a neat of vSecond and vSan Antonio Street, where a

building cif wood was erected on a fift\-\ara brick building for church purposes, had been

lot situated on the east side of Second Street, erected. In 1877 a new and commodious

bet\\-een Santa Clara and St. John Streets. The structure was erected. It was burned in 1882

building cost $3000, and \\-as dedicated Febru- and the i)resent structure took its place,

ary 9, 1851, by Rev. S. H. Wiley. On account Rev. S. S. Ftheridge 1)egan the regular ser-

of damages done by an earthquake, ( )ctober vices of the Trinity (Episcopal) Church in

10, 1868, services for a time were held in the No\ember, 1860, occupying the old city hall.

Young Allen's Christian Association building. 'phe hrst organization of the parish was made

In April 1906, another quake wrecked the in February, 1861. Trinity Church, on the

building. The church then purchased another corner of Second and St. John Streets, was

lot on Third Street, near St. John, and u|)on Jniilt in 1863. Rev. JMr. Ftheridge continued

it erected the present church. in charge of the parish until his death in Feb-

The IMethodist Episcopal Church, organiz- ruary, iS64. In 1876 the church was enlarged

ed in 1849, has met with many vicissitudes. A to nearly double its former capacity. During

church building was constructed in 1850 on T^r. Wakefield's incumbency — he was ap])oint-

Third Street, near the corner of Santa Clara. ed in 188-1 — a tower and a spire and a building

In 1853 the church was moved to the south- for a chapel and guild rooms at the rear of

west corner of Second and Santa Clara Streets. the church, were erected.

On February 22, 1868, the Iniilding was burned The Christian Church, or Disciples of

to the ground. Another building was erected Christ, was first organized in 1870. The mem-

on the site of the old one and for over liers met in a little hall over the Home Mu-

twenty years services were held there. Then tual Fire Insurance Company's olliee on Santa

a new and larger church was erected on North Clara Street, Rev. Cary, minister. Afterwards

Second Street, near the Santa Clara corner. meetings were held for several years in Cham-

This was used until the earthquake of 1906. pjim Hall, Rev. W. D. Pollard, officiating, in

The building did not fall, but was consider- Alarch, 1883, Rev. J. W. Ingram came to San

ably damaged. It was afterward repaired and )ose from Omaha, Nebr., and was appointed

for many }"ears was used as a motion picture minister. The members then moved to the

house. The property was sold by the Metho- California Theater, where they held their

dist corporation and in 1910 a new, up-to-date, meetings until fanuary, 1885, when they moved

reinforced concrete building was erected on into their new church, erected on Second

the northeast corner of Fifth and Santa Clara Street, l)etween San Fernando and San An-

Streets. tonio Streets.

The Methodist Episco])al Church, South, The first religious meeting of the Society of

was organized in May, 1851. The first build- Friends, otherwise known as Quakers, was

ing of brick was erected on the northeast cor- held in June, 1866, in a building on the corner

ner of Second and San Fernando Streets. In of Ninth and St. James Streets. The lot was

1871 the building was removed to give place donated by Jesse and David Hobson. In 1873

to a large wooden structure, which was used these meetings were regularly organized un-

until the fire of 1892 destroyed it. After the der the authority and discipline of the Iowa

erection of a new business block on the site of yearly meeting of the Society of Friends. Jane

264

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

F. M. Canney and Adoiiijah Cre^-drv were the
regfiilarly appointed ministers. In 1886, the
society purchased a lot on Stockton Avenue,
near the Alameda, where services were after-
Avards held.

The German Methodist Episcopal Church
was founded in 1861 by Rev. A. Kellner. The
first regular pastor was Rev. G. K. Pjollinger.
After the lapse (if se\-eral years, ReA". Her-
mann Brueck arrived and preached to the Ger-
man residents in the old city hall. A Sunday
school was organized and Mr. Brueck's term
of service lasted until 1871. He was succeed-
ed b}- Rev. C. H. Afflerbach. During the term
of his administration the valuable church prop-
erty on Third Street between Santa Clara
and San Fernando Streets A\-as acquired.

The First Congregational Church A\'as or-
ganized April 11, 1875. Rev. Theodore T. Mun-
ger, acting pastor, who officiated until the ap-
pointment of Re\-. Al. \Mlliams. The church
Iniilding was first erected on vSan Antonio
Street between Second and Third. In 1887
the building was UKived to the corner of Sec-
ond and San Antonio Streets, and a large ad-
dition built to it. The new l)uilding was dedi-
cated December 27, 1887.

The Unitarian Church was first organized
as Unit)' vSociety in 1867, and the first minis-
ter was Rev. Chag. G. Ames. After him came
I. L. Flatch, D. Cronvn, W. W. McKaig and
Mr. Fowler. In April, 1888, the Unity So-
ciety dissolved and the Unitarian Church was
organized with N. A. Flaskell as minister.
After a few years the society purchased from
Mrs. Martha J. Moody her residence property
on North Third Street, opposite vSt. James
Park. On this lot a large, handsome Iniild-
ing was erected. Re\-. Charles Pease is the
present minister, succeeding Rev. O. P.
Shrout, who died in July, 1920.

The First United Presbyterian Church was
organized November 6, 1874, twenty-eight
members united at the time. Re\'. A. Cal-
houn, by appointment of the General Assem-
bly of the United Presbyterian Church of
North America, commenced missionary \vork
in San Jose in the fall oi 1874 and remained in
charge of the church work until 1879, \\'lien
he was chfjsen pastor and regularh- installed.
The organization occupied a little hall over
the San Jose Savings Bank for four years. In
the fall of 1878 the congregation erected a
church on the corner of Fifth and Santa Clara
Streets, the lot and church costing $12,000.

The synago.gue of the Congregation liikur
Cholim was erected in 1861 at the corner of
Second and San Antonio Streets. Among
the early members were Jacol? Rich, M. Idum-
enthal, H. Rich, Meyer Levy, I^eli.x Feist, R.
Linoberg, i\l. Isaacs, J. Feist, and H. Levy.

'idle congregation organized I)efore the erec-
tion of the synagogue and for a time held serv-
ices in .\rmory Hall on Santa Clara Street,
lictween Second and Third Streets. For sca'-
eral years the congregation had no rabbi,
Init on July 17, 1920, steps were taken for a re-
I .rganization in a meeting of a reorganized
San Jose Independent Order of R'nai B'rith.
The order, according to the ]")reamble of the
constitution, has taken upon itself the mission
of uniting Israelites in the work of promoting
their highest interests and those of humanity;
of developing and elevating the mental and
moral character of the people of the Jewish
faitli ; of inculcating the purest principles of
philanthropy, honor and patriotism ; of sup-
porting science and art; alleviating the wants
of the poor and needy; coming to the rescue
of A'ictims of persecution; providing for, pro-
tecting and assisting the widow and orphan ■
on the broadest principles of humanity. The
present rabln is Har\'ey B. Franklin.

The order started with a roster of over
eiglity members. The officers are : president,
Leon Jacobs ; vice-president, I. Marcus ; sec-
retary, ]Me3'er Brecker; treasurer, L. Rich-
ards: inside guardan, D, LaA'in; outside .guar-
dian. Max Mendahlson; trustees, E. N. Rosen-
thal, Ma.x Blum, L. J. Marymont.

Santa Clara County Free Library

In California the county board of super-
A'isors may establish a county free library for
that part oi the county lying outside of incor-
porated cities and towns having free public
libraries. In this way the people living in the
country may have just as good a library to
draw from as their town cousins. County li-
brary ser\'ice has proved so satisfactory that
forty-three out of the fifty-eight counties in
California now have county libraries. The
county li1)rary serves the people living in the
country and the small towns just as the large
city libraries ser\"e the people of the cities.

The end and aim of the count^' library is to
suppl)- all the people in the county with ])ooks.
To accomplish this branches are started in the
community centers, in the post office or a local
store preferably. A collection (if books is
])Iace(I here and the)- are changed often. The
size of the collection depends wholly on the
demand, as man)' books are sent as can be
used.

The Santa Clara Count)- Free Library Ije-
gan work July 1, 1914, in the Hall of Justice,
corner Market and St. James Streets, San
Jose. Beginning \\'ith three rooms the li-
lirary now uses se\'en rtKiins in the sanie build-
ing and is still asking for more room.

During the six years since the library was
started twenty-four community branches have

HIf;T()RY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUN'IA'

265

been opened at: Ai^tiew, Alma, AKisn, l!en-\'-
essa. Burhank. Cani]il)ell. Collcs^e <>i tlir I'aci-
fie. Coyote. Cupertino, I".\ er^ieen. ('.ilrM\. i/is
Altos. Ma}t'ielil, Mil])itas, Aliirelatid. Murijan
Hill, Moimt llamilton. New Alniaden, Santa
Clara Connt\' llranch. Sarati>,L;a, Sliannon,
Stanford. Sunny\ale, Wrights.

In 1915 it was found neeessar\' to i)])cn a
hraneh at the Mall of Jnstiee tn ser\e tlie
people \\dio lixed jnst ontside the eit\- limits
of San Jose. The hraneh lie.L;an with one
small room, Init has L;'ro\vn to se\en riMims.
There is a pleasant reading rnom with maga-
zines and a good supply of books.

The State rjl)rary supplements the ser\ice
of the Count)- L^ibrary, If a 1hii>1< is wanted
that is not in the Count\- IJ1)rar\' and the de-
mand will not justfy its purehas(.' it is bor-
rowed from the State Librar)-. and the ser\-
iee is free to the Iiorrower.

Under the County T^il_1rar^' law of California
the sehool districts mav join the Count\- Li-
brary and receive library service. This means
that the district transfers its library fund for
the year t(j the County Ldirary. The advan-
tages are many: the sehool rccei\es in books
many times the ^■alue of the mone\' in\-ested,
an expert buys the books and better jirices are
secured, the sehool has access to all the books
on the shelves of the County Librar\-.

The service to the schools began in 1914
when four districts joined. Now se\'enty-une
of the se^"enty-eight public schools of the
county ha\e joined the County Library, also
two of the high schools. About 35,000 1)noks
were sent out to the schools this year. If a
school has a phonograph music records are
also sent to the schools and these are ex-
changed just the same wa}' as books.

Beginning with nothing at all in the way of
equipment in 1914 the library now has o\er
48,000 books and over 14,000 borrowers. With
twenty-five community branches, seventy-one
school branches and two high schools, there
are ninety-eight branch libraries in the count)-
where the people may draw- books. Many of
the school branches serve the growm people as
well as the children. Miss Stella Huntington
is the county librarian.

The Carnegie Library

The honor cjf being the father oi the San
Jose Public Librar)- belongs by right to I. F.
Thomas, a carriage maker, w-ho tried to arouse
public interest in the project in the spring of
1872. He did not succeed, but after he had
ceased agitation, another effort was made by
a number of prominent citizens, this time with
success. In the summer of 1872 an organiza-
tion wras perfected in the office of Judge D. S.
Payne and incorporation soon followed, the

n;ime chosen being "The San Jose Library
Assoi'i.'ition." The following officers were (d-
ected lor one ^-ears : I). S. I'a\-ne, |)resiilenl;
.\. (Mister, ^ ice-])resiilent : C. D. Wright, re-
cording secretari,- ; C. C. Ste])hens, corresjiond-
ing secretar\-. and Henry Phili]), treasurer.
The object of the association was llie estab-
lishment of a library and reading riMjin : the
collection of a cabinet, scientific a])paralus,
works of art, etc. The constitution provided
tliat the associati<]n should not be conducted
or ciintndled in the interest of or b)-. an)- rle-
noininational, sectarian or political parts', but
sliould be controlled and managed in I'le same
broad and liberal spirit that actuated the
fotniding. By this wise provision the coop-
eration of all classes, sects and creeds, was se-
cured, and success \\-as achieved almost at the
outset. Mayor I^fister set the bal' rolling by
ilonating $1612.62, his salar)-, and citizens fol-
lowed him on a smaller scale. The old books
of the Y. M. C. A., which jiractiealb,- ceased
to exist some time prior to this incorporation
of the Librar)^ Association, were purchased at
a nominal rate and on September 1, the rooms
were formally opened. Twenty life members
(fee $25) were secured and also over 300 an-
nual and monthly members. In a few years,
the librar)' had a fine museum and l:)^'er 2000
books. The first rooms were in the second
stor)' of the Knox Block, corner of First and
vSanta Clara Streets, and at first Avere suppos-
ed to be of sufficient size to meet all require-
ments ; but the grov\'ing popularit)' of the in-
stitution and the rapid increase of member-
ship, necessitated an addition, and in order
that the sai"ne niight be made as soon as pos-
sible the ladies of San Jrjse rallied in countless
numbers and inade arrangements for two j)ub-
lic entertainments in Music Hall in aid of the
library. The first was a tea party and the
second a character and fancy dress party. They
were successful and cpiite a large sum was
netted and turned over to the Librar)' Asso-
ciation.

The library continued as a priA'ate institu-
tion imtil February, 1878, wdien it was turned
over to the city and became a free institution.
The r(H')ms were then changed to the new city
hall building on Market Plaza, and were used
until 1903. when the Carnegie Librar)- build-
ing of brick and sandstone at the southeast
corner of Washington Square \vas comjileted.
In 1892 Andre^^- Carnegie, the multi-milli'in-
aire, offered to donate $50,000 for the erection
of a library building in San Jose, if the city
would agree to maintain the librar)- in the
new quarters. The offer was accepted and
the agreement made.

The names of the librarians from the organ-
ization to the present time are : Geo. A\'. Fon-

-66 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

tress, AX'illiani Redding, Miss A. Barry, Miss Mr. Woods became librarian July 1, 1917. His
Nellie Egan. Miss Mary Barmby, Miss Nell library experience was gained in the library of
McGinley, Chas. F. Woods. After the instal- the State University and the Mechanics Li-
lation of the hbrary in the new building, the b,-arv, or Institute, San Francisco. During his
name Avas changed to The Carnegie Library. incumbency he has done much to popularize
I here are tour rooms upstairs and fiye in the , ■ ^-^ '■ , ,■ ., n i
basement. There are 30,000 books in the ^^'"^ institution by readings, talks and news-
library and the average monthly circulation is P^P^r articles. In 1908 a Carnegie Library,
8000. Since Mr. Woods' administraton, regis- was erected at an e.\pediture of S6,893.7I in
tration and circulation have both increased. East San Jose.

CHAPTER XXIX.

The Santa Clara County Historical Society and Its Objects — Spanish Names
for Natural Objects — The Interesting Career of Judge Augustus L.
Rhodes, a Nonagenarian.

The Santa Clara Count}- Historical Society 1772. He came to California with his mother,

has been in existence o\'er twent}' years. Its sisters and 1)rothers under the leadershij) of

objects are to g'ather and preserve data relat- .Vnza. Ahisij was a ma]or domo. or foreman

ing to the early clays of the cit}- and county. at the Santa Clara Mission for several years

The data has usually come in the shape of and in that capacity Avas acti\ely engaged in

papers read by memljers at meetings of the So- construction \\-ork for the Mission at the

ciety. In this way valual)le material, much of time the buildings were moved to their last

which has been used in this history-, has l^een site. He helped to construct and for several

gathered and will be preserved for the lienefit }'ears li\'ed at the California Hotel. His wife's

of future generations. The president of the maiden name was Maria Margaret Bernal. He

society is Alex. I'. Murgcjtten, and the secre- died in 1845, leax'ing a large estate,
tary is Miss Agnes Howe, county superinten- Alilpitas is the interesting name of a thriv-

dent of schools. Dr. H. J. II. Wright, who ing town on the road from San Jose to A\'arm

held the office for many years, died December Si)rings. The word, 'Milpitas' is a compound

_/, 19-1. iif nijip a thousand, and pitas, Avhich means

vS]")an.ish names have Ijcen gi\'en Uj nearly agases, American aloes or century ])lants ; and

all natural ol)jects in Santa Clara Count}-. the filirous threads of a ]dant. Alilpitas got

This is ])articularl}- true of the land grants. its name from the Rancho Milpitas, one C(-)r-

Al)out half the county to\\-ns, man}- of tin- iier of which encloses the town. Inasmuch as

higlTwa}-s and a few homes have Spanish there were no agaves growing in that ])art of

names, and e\'en at this late date the ])eople the A'alley and that there may have been many

continue to manifest a lo\e for the nanic-s of small flowering vines along the Penetencia

old Spain, as is shown I)}- the recent nan-iing of Creek which runs through Milpitas, it is safe

Monte \'ista and Los .\ltos. .\t one of the to assume that the \vord, Alilpitas, was used

meetini^s (jf the Historical Societ\- I3r. 11. |. as meaning a thousand thread-like A'ines.
L. Wright read a pai)er on "Spanish Names Hacienda means landed estate, fortune,

in Santa Clara County," from which the fol- domestic work. It is also used to indicate

lowing compilation is made: Los \ltos is do- headcpiarters. This name was given to the

ing ser\ice as the .lanic of an eight-year-old reduction works of the New- Almaden rpiick-

town on the Peninsular Railway. Los Altos siher mines. This i)lace is about twelve miles

means "The Lleights." and the town site ])eing from San fose in a shallow canyon at the foot

considerably above the common level of that of the imiuntain out of which" cinnabar has

region, the name is (|U!te ap])ro])riate. l,een taken since 1847. A village has grown

About sixt}- }-ears ago the \-illage standing up at this jjoint and it bears the naiue llaci-

at the head of the navigable slough which ex- enda. One of the |)rincii)al tributaries of the

tends southward from the Bay of San h'ran- Cuadalupe River runs through this village. It

Cisco, was given the name Alviso This is a is called the .-\rroyo de los Alamitos, the rivu-

I)roper name, given in honor of Don Ignacio let of the little ])oplar trees, poplar trees hav-

Alviso, \vho was born in Sonora, ^Mexico in ing grown along this stream for many years.

H1S'I\)K\' Ol' SANTA CI.ARA CollNTY 267

Thf Centur}' I )ictiuiiary ddiiK's the wcud vSicna Azulc apiicars on tlu- ina|) in Hall's

Alameda as follows: "A shaded ]nil>lic \\alk, llist(ir3' as a ixjitioii of tlie nioiinlains now

especially one planted with poplar trees." 'I'he ealled vSanta Cvuz. The word Sierra means

word Alameda, ho\\e\er, is used in the I'nited roui;"h mountains an<l Azule means l)lue. Tiie

States, Cuba and Mexico as the name of a dark, bluish color of the mountains as seen

shaded way or walk without reference to the from an\ point in the \alley justihes the use

kind of trees planted on it. It may be proper of the name Sierra .\zule. In the foothills of

to add that the .Vlanieda, between vSan Jose these mountains, on land formerly owned l)y

arid Santa Clara, has long" hatl a hit;'h aesthetic the late L. A. S])itzer, on the Mount Ivlen

value. In 183,^ CoNcrnor iMgueroa took co,t^'- road, are some S])rint;"s of water be.arint^ the

nizance of it as one of the assets of Alta Cali- name Azule, and the blueness of the water as

fornia, and learning- that some of the trees it runs away from the springs, being like the

which had been planted on it were being cut unclouded sk_\', makes the name ^■ery apjiro-

down for firewood, ordered the \antlalism to ]iriate.

cease immediately. Loma I'rieta is the Spanish equivalent of

San Tomas .Aquina, a pid)lic highwa_\- blackish hill or blackish ])oint. This is the
which runs southward from the Payne road, name of a mountain peak situated south of
has been natned oltlcialh' San Tomas Aquina. San lose, near the line separating the counties
The English equivalent of this Spanish name of Santa Clara and Santa Cruz. Tt has an al-
ls Saint Thomas Aquinas. This Saint must titude of 3790 feet. This peak stands out
not be confounded with the Saint Thomas w ho ])rominently and is easily seen from any \iew-
was one of the twehe ajiostles. The father point in the valley. Even Mt. Hamilton does
of the Atjuinas was ealled Count Aquinas, not offer as large a range of \'isi(m as does
Ijecause of his pjolitical connection with a Iwoma Prieta. Standing on the top of this
province vi Italy named Acjuina. His son re- peak one can see nearly e\'ery ol)iect wdnich
seived the name of Thomas Acpiinas and was can l)e seen from Mt. Hamilton and in addi-
canonized under that name. The road re- tion he can sec much of Santa Cruz County
ceived its name from its relation to the San and the ocean beyond. At night from Loma
Tomas Ac[uinas Creek, \vhich rises in the Prieta can be seen the lights in San Jose and
Santa Cruz ^fountains and flows into Camp- Santa Cruz,
bell Creek. 'phe English equivalent of Santa Clara is

The Saint John the Baptist Hills (San Juan Saint Clear or Saint Bright. Clara is the fem-
Bautista) rise up from the south side of Oak jnine form of the Si)anish word, Claro. cl^ar.
Hill Cemetery. Sometime in the '60s Thomas Santa Clara was the first Franciscan nun and
Kell convened twehe acres of land on these the founder of the ( )rder of Santa Clara, She
hills tt) pjishop Riordan for a burial place. is called Santa Clara de Assisi, 'Virgin, Abbess
For manv years a large Roman cross out- and Matriarch of her famous religion. Re-
stretched its arms over these hills. Near this membering that Santa Clara \\as con\erted
cross was a small, neglected gra\eyard. From under the teaching of Saint Francis and that
the top of these hills one may see. m ( )ak Hill Franciscan Alissionaries founded Jie Mission,
Cemeter^^ the gra\es of many thousands of is it any wonder they gave to it the name
San Jose's pioneer citizens, Santa Clara?

Calabaza is the name of a winter stream of The Spanish land grants are a prolific source

water which rises in the foothills of the Santa of Spanish names. EI Rancho Rincon de los

Cruz Mountains and flows into the Guada- Estera is Spanish for the Salt Marsh ranch,

lupe River near the Bay of San h'rancisco. The This name is ai)])roi)riate because the north-

orchardists living near the stream pronounce erly line of this grant runs from the Guada-

the name as though it were spelled Calaliasis. lupe River across the salt marsh lands of the

The name means small, young, tender pump- ]!ay of San Francisco to the Penetencia Creek,

kins, and is more fanciful than significant. The northwest corner is near but does not in-

EI Arroyo Tulares de los Canoas is the rec- elude Alviso.
ognized name of a stream which runs along Rancho Potrero de Santa Clara means the
the west side of the Monterey road to the cor- ])asture ranch of Santa Clara. This land made
ner of Almaden Avenue and South First Street an acceptable pasture for the people living
and then turns to the west and angles across about the ?\Iission liecause it lies between
the Fourth Ward of San Jose to discharge into Santa Clara and the Guadalupe River. C.ar-
the Guadalupe River. The literal English den seeds are now grown on much of this
equivalent of the name is the rivulet of the land. J, Alexander P'orbes was the first Brit-
tules for canoes. In use the name is reduced ish consul stationed on the ranch. He mar-
to Canoas Creek, which means a creek for ried Senorita Anita Galindo, who l)rought_ to
canoes.

him as a marriage dower much of this fine

268

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

tract of land. Forbes sold it to Commodore
Stockton, after whom Stockton A^•emle was
named.

Rancho Agiia Caliente, hot water ranch.
The land lies partly in Alameda County and
partly in Santa Clara County. It includes
what is no\v known as Warm Spring's.

Rancho Pastoria de los Rorregas, when
translated into English, means sheep pasture
ranch. It lies about the quite modern town
of Sunnyvale.

The name Embarcadero de Santa Clara
was given t(_) a small body of land bordering
on what is now callerl .-Vlviso Slough. It means
the embarking place or port of Santa Clara.
The person ^^d^o named this piece nf land
must have had a rank imagination.

San Francisco de las Llagas is the name of
a grant of land that lies south of San Jose
along both sides of Llagas Creek. The word
Llagas means sores or \\'ounds. Some knowl-
edge of the history of Saint Francis is neces-
sary to understand the name. John Gilmary
Shea, L.L.D.. has edited a book entitled "The
Lives of the Saints." The book had the ap-
proval of Pope Leo XIII. In it is set forth
among other things that Saint I'rancis, after
visiting the East in Aain quest of martvrdom,
spent his life, like his Di\'ine Master, in
preaching to the multitudes and in fasting and
contemplation amid desert solitudes. During
one of these retreats he received on his hands,
feet and side the print of the five bleeding
wounds of Jesus. Whether this statement is
true and worthy of credit or whether it only
transmits a tradition is of little importance in
this connection. Certainl_y whoever named the
ranch was familiar with the biography of Saint
Francis. In giving the name to the tract of
land in Santa Clara Count}' he tried to perpet-
uate the name of St. Francis and also to indi-
cate a significant event in the Saint's religious
life. Wounds of Saint Francis is probably a
literal translation of San Francisco de los
Llagas. Near the south line of Santa Clara
County is a postoflice named Llagas. It is
neither euphonious nor significant.

El Rancho Rinconada de los Gatos means
the ranch of the inclosed angle of the cats.
The southern angle of this tract of land rests
in the great canyon south of the city of Los
Gatos, and the diverging boundary lines, as
they extend northward, inclose this beautiful
place. Assuming that there were man\' wild
cats in the canyon at the time the first sur-
vey was made, the name El Rancho Rinconada
de los Gatos is rational and appropriate.

Rancho Tularcitos is equivalent to the ranch
of the little tules. This ranch extends from
the town of Milpitas into the mountains. Lit-
tle tules may yet be seen growing there.

Yerba Buena means good herb. This plant
is delightfully aromatic and makes a verv
pleasant tea. It grows in neglected places,
especially in the moderately well-shaded foot-
hills. It can be found growing in the eastern
side of the county, where the ranch, called
Yerba Buena, is situated.

El Monte Del Diablo has the follo\\-ing his-
tory. During the session of the first Legisla-
ture of California the Senate appointed a com-
mittee to report on the derivation anrl defini-
tion of various names. Vallejo was chairman
of this committee and he brought in a report
vdiich had reference to the name Monte
Diablo, in wdiich he stated that in 1806 a mili-
tary expedition marched against a tribe of In-
dians called Ik>lognes, wdio were encamped on
the western base of the mountain, and that in
the course of a fight which took place there,
an unknown personage, decorated with extra-
ordinary plumage, appeared among the In-
dians : and that \^dien the battle which resulted
in favor of the Indians, was finished, the un-
known departed up the mountain. The de-
feated soldiers, Vallejo's report went on. sup-
posed him to be an evil spirit, called by In-
dians "Ruy" and by the soldiers, a devil, so
they named the mountain El Monte del Diablo,
or the Devil's Mountain. During the session
of the Legislature in 1866 an eiTort was made
to change the name of the mountain, l3ut noth-
ing came of it. The Government has run a
line due south from the top of this mountain
and named it the Mount Diablo Meridian.
This line runs down the center of the Merid-
ian Road just west of the O'Connor San-
itarium.

El Pueblo de San Jose de Cuiadalupe is the
original name of San Jose. The name was
given in 1877 by Lieutenant Moraga. A few
years later he could have designated his new
town as being in the Santa Clara Valley, but
that would have been indefinite because the
Santa Clara Valley included a vast but uncer-
tain territory. It is thus seen that he had
good reason for using the name El Pueblo de
San Jose de Guadalupe, or the town of San
Jose on the W^olf Ri^•er. This name has never
been changed into another, but is has been
abridged to two words — San Jose.

Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe, C)ur Lady of
the Guadalupe, is the name of the river which
passes through San Jose and empties into San
Francisco Bay. This word, Guadalupe, is
made by combining the Arabic word, guada,
a river, and the Latin word, lupus, a wolf.
Guadalupe, therefore, means Wolf Ri\er. In-
asmuch as nothing was noted by the explor-
ers about wolves being found along this river,
it is fair to assume that wolves did not sug-
gest the word. Now, the history of Nuestra

H1S'LX)RY OF SANTA Ol.ARA COUNTY

269

Senora de Guadalupe l)ei;"iiis in the laud oi
Palestine and jiasses over to Spain; from
Spain it comes to Mexico and then attaches
to the principal stream in Santa Clara Count}',
In 1597, Gahriel dc TaKera wrote the history
of Nuestra Senora dc (Uiadalupe. From that
histor_\' it is learned that the town of taiada-
lupe in Spain certainly hat! its car\ed image
of Jesus l.iefore the concjuest of Mexico by
Cortes. It is therefore a fact that the name
Guadalupe with its sacred associations was
familiar to all the Catholics who emij^rated
from Spain to Mexico after the conc|uest ot
that country.

There is a town near the City of Mexico
wdiich is named Guadalupe-Hidalgo, that
which is usually called Guadalupe. It is the
most sacred and the most po])ular shrine in
the republic of Mexico. It is the focus of the
most fervent and powerful religious cult in
that country. The shrine of the Virgin, wdiich
can lie seen any day in the Cathedral located
there, has lieen to the Mexicans for centuries
what the Ganges is to the Hindus and Mecca
to the Mohammedans. Saturday, December
9, 1531, ten years after Cortes' conquest of
Mexico, an Indian of low birth, wdio had re-
ceived baptism and been christened Juan
Diego (John fames) is said to have been met
bv the \'irgin Alarv on the barren hillside,
some three miles from the City of Mexico. She
directed the Indian to gather flowers on wdiat
he knew was barren ground. He followed the
direction of the Virgin and soon returned to
her with a large quantity of fragrant roses.
The Virgin then directed him to carry the
flowers to Bishop Gummarago in the City of
Mexico. When the confiding Indian opened
his crude tilma or Ijlanket to pour out the
roses, the Bishop saw the image of the Blessed
V^irgin painted on the inside of the blanket.
That crude cloth with the image of the Virgin
on it has long been enshrined and may now be
seen in a cathedral in the little city of Guada-
lupe, which was built on the hillside wdiere the
Indian met the Virgin. This enshrined pic-
ture is the Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe. Is it
any wonder that the pious Father Font com-
mg from ^lexico to the Santa Clara Valley
gave the name of Nuestra Senora de Guada-
lupe to San lose's principal river?

Judge A. L. Rhodes was one of the promi-
nent members of the Historical Society. He
died on October 23. 1918, at the age of ninety-
seven. After the funeral the following com-
mittee was appointed by the judges of the
Superior Court to prepare and submit a me-
morial on the life and character of the de-
ceased jurist: S. F. Leib, J. C. Black, C. L.
Witten, Nicholas Bowden and C. C. Coolidge.
The committee presented the report on No-

vember 27. 191S, and it was read by C. L.
Witten before Judges Gosljey and Welch, sit-
ting en banc. It is as follows:

"Augustus Foring ivhodes was born in 1821
near Ctica, ( )ncida Count}-, New ^^)rk, where
his grandfather, a |)ioneer, established his
home in 1796. Judge Rhodes received his first
education at an academ_\' and then graduated
from Hamilton College in Clinton in 1841.
After completing his college course he trav-
eled through some of the southern states as a
private tutor. His spare time after leaving
college was de\'oted to the study of the law,
wdiich soon became his life occupation. He
commenced active practice in the state of In-
diana. At Bloomfield, Illinois, he married
Elizabeth Cavins, wdiose father was then a
judge in that state.

"In 1854 Judge Rhodes came to California,
and from that year to the time of his death,
(Jctober 23, 1918, a period of sixty-four years,
he was continuously a resident of Santa Clara
County. In 1856 he opened a law office in
San Jose and soon became prominent in pro-
fessional and pul)lic life.

"In 1859 he was elected district attorney of
Santa Clara Count}', and in 1860 was chosen
liy the voters to represent Santa Clara and
Alameda Counties in the State Senate. In
1863 he was elected a Justice of the Supreme
Court and was a member of that tribunal
until 1880. After his retirement from the Su-
preme Bench he practiced law, with offices
in San Francisco, until September 22, 1899,
w hen he was appointed Judge of the Superior
Court of Santa Clara County to fill the va-
canc}' occasioned by the death of Judge A. S.
Kittredge. He presided over one of the de-
partments until September, 1907, when he
voluntarily retired to ]jrivate life. His retire-
ment was not, liowe\'er, that of a recluse, but
meant that more of his time was given to en-
joyment of the society of his family and
friends.

"In measuring the life of Judge Rhodes it
would be difficult to determine whether as
lawyer and judge, or as man and friend, he
\vas the greatest, for he combined the ele-
ments that went to make him great in all
these capacities. It is unnecessary to detail
the qualifications which went to make Judge
Rhodes an eminent lawyer in his earlier life
and in the interim between his respective pe-
riods upon the bench ; that he w as an able
lawyer of the highest repute sums up his ca-
reer at the l^ar ; nor is it necessar}' in order to
estal)lish or perpetuate his worth as a judge
by a recital of his judicial accomplishments,
for that is alread}" set forth in the long line of
decisions which in jiermanent form consti-

-'70 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

tute a record Avhich rec|uires no words of ours and memory with its rich fund of reminis-

to enlarge. cences and anecdotes relating to the pioneers

"It IS not out of place, however, to perpetu- of Santa Clara County's liench and bar.

ate, 1)\' this record, the many charmine per- .. r i i>i i i- i r i i 4-1 n i* 1
, -^ . . ., . .r 1 , Tii" 1 ^1 11 udge Rhodes lived far Ijcyond the allotted
sonal attributes ot judge Rhodes; the well- . ? , . , ' ,-r r r ,
proportioned frame which to the last carried ^ime of man and it was a long life of useful-
erect the burden of alnK)St a centurv of vears ; "ess and honor. As in life he was loved and
the intellectual countenance which liespoke venerated Ijy us all, so in death will his mem-
the strong mentality of the man: the cheery ory be cherished by the liench and bar of this
greeting to his friends; the unimjiairecl mind county."

CHAPTER XXX.

The Banks and Industries of San Jose — An Incident in the Life of
E. McLaughlin — New Corporations Help to Build Up the City — Some •
of the Leaders of Industry.

The oldest lianking institution in San Jose is for a time and then went into mercantile 1)usi-

the Bank of San Jose, now located at the ness in Ne\-ada City. He nearly lost his life

northeast cnrner of First and Santa Clara in the great fire in that place in 1856. Ten

Streets. It was o])encd for lousiness in the \-ears later he removed to San Jose. His

Knox Block in March, 1866, by AX'illiam J. death was generally regretted for he was one

Knox and T. Ellard Beans under the firm of the city's most relia1)le and competent busi-

name of Kno.x iS: Pieans and was conducted as ness men. tlis son, William Knox Beans, en-

a private banking house until January ?>l, 1868, tered the Ijank in 1878 and was vice-president

on which date it was incorporated as a state liefore he took the higher oftice so long held

bank. It was the first 1:)ank incorporated in 1)y his lather.

Bank of Italy

Central Califurnia. The first officers were
John G. Bra}-, president : T. Hllard Beans,
cashier and manager; C. \\ . I'omeroy, secre- The I'.ank of Italy, a branch of the main in-
tar}'. In 1880 |ohn T. Colahan, former city stitutioii in vSan PTancisco occupies the three-
clerk, ^vas appointed assistant cashier. In story liuilding formerly the home of the vSan
1870 Mr. Bray died and T. Ellard Beans l3e- Jose I3eposit Bank of Savings, presided over
came president, a position he held until his by the late E. McLaughlin, -wdio founded
death in 1905. Henr}- Philip succeeded Mr. the 1)ank in 1885. When the Piank of Italy took
Beans as cashier, acting in that capacity until possession the oi)erating space on the lower
1875, when he was succeeded bv Clement T. floor was greatly enlarged and remodeled.
Park. \\'. y. Dinsmore was Park's successor. Capital paid in $9,000,000; surplus, $1,500,000;
He resigned in 1912 and V. J. La Motte took ^ndi^■ided profits, $1,924,959.37. A. P. Gian-
his place. < )n the death of T: Ellard Beans, nini is president and W. R. \A^illiams is cash-
his son, William Knox Beans, became presi- ier. San Jose officers are N. R. Pellerano, vice-
dent. In 1871 the Bank of San Jose l^lock, at president and AV. E. Blauer, manager,
its present location, was begun. It was com- n ^^as while the Safe Deposit Bank of Sav-
pleted in 1872. In 1906 the Iniilding was dam- j^gs was in existence with E. McLaughlin as
aged by the earthquake and m 1907 it was president and John E. Auzerais as cashier that
torn down and a new five story, reinforced jt was the scene of one of the most daring
concrete building was erected on the site. The roblieries ever perpetrated in California. It
present officers are William Knox Beans, pres- wa.s over thirty years ago and at that time the
ident; Victor J. LaMotte, vice-president and l^anks of the city and state had inside ap-
manager ; A. B. Post, cashier. The capital proaches like grocery and dry goods stores.
stock is $300,000; surplus and reserve. There were no cages, nol separate depart-
$358,000. ments with either wooden or steel divisions.
T. Ellard Beans, (jne of the founders of the 'J'he gold was stacked generally at the end of
I)ank, was born in Salem, (jhio, and his early a long counter and could easil}- be reached or
life was spent in mercantile and banking pur- handled by any customer. But the day came
suits. He came to California in 1S49, mined when the banks ceased to keep "open liouse."

HISTCM>;Y of SANTA CI.ARA COUN'I'Y

271

HMie cages and the steel safeguards came in
to prevent any attempt on the ]Kirt of the
evilly inclined to steal the gold. 'I'he change
was made after the robl^er}- at the Safe De-
posit Bank.

The rol^liery, shrewdly conceived, was the
work of three men. ( )ne was detailed to en-
ter the bank and engage the cashier in con-
versation while a second man was to do the
actnal stealing. The third man was to sta-
tion himself on the ontside near the door to
pre\ent. if possible, any bank customer from
going inside, and if not possible to do this, to
gi\e confederates warning that there was dan-
ger in the air. A moment for action was to 1>e
selected while the bank was free of custom-
ers and while the cashier (who was alst> the
teller") \\-as at some distance from the stack of
money \\hich reposed on a mahogany tra\-
near the street end of tlie ct)unter. Luck fa-
vored the robbers. \\'ith one man on guard
at the door, the other two men entered the
bank and successfullv carried out the pro-
gram agreed upon. AX'hile ncT unfriendly e}e
was upon liim and while the cashier's atten-
tion was lieing diverted li)' rolilier numlier
one. the second roblier qnickl)- seized the
tray with the money — $10,000 in gold twen-
ties, carefully stacked — concealed it under his
overcoat and substituted for the tray of mone_\'
a tray of gilded dummies. It was the expecta-
tion of the lawless trio that the substitution
would not be discovered until the cashier had
occasion to go to the tray to get gold for a
customer.

Ha\-ing- performed the most dililcult part of
the ])rogTani. the second robber, with his haul,
passed out of the door. Following closely
upon his heels went ro1)lier numlier one, his
talk with the cashier ha\-ing abrupt!}- come to
an end. Then the last memlier of the trio
left his station at the door and joined his con-
federates. It was some time before the rob-
bery was discovered. As soon as discovery
was made there was a hurry call for the ])o-
lice, but wdien the oflicers arrived there ^vas
no trace of the robbers. The city was comljed
but nothing had been left behind to serve as a
workable clue. Not one cent of the money
was ever reco\'ered.

Garden City Bank and Trust Company

The Garden City Bank and Trust Compan}-,
formerly the Garden City Natitjnal Bank, is
located on the lower floor of a seven-story con-
crete building on the southwest corner of First
and San Fernando Streets. The National
Bank was chartered and organized in 1887
with Dr. C. AV. Breyfogle as president and
Thomas F. Morrison as cashier. In 189,^ it
ceased to be a national bank and became a

state bank. Until the erection of the new
building in 1Q06. it occupied (piarters on the
northwest corner of First and San bA'rnando
Streets. S. B. llunkins became president after
the dcalh of Dr. Breyfogle and held office until
death claimed him in 1914. Then Thomas S.
JMontgomery took the presidency. Mr. Mont-
gomery is the only one lixing of the original
directors and stockholders. The capital stock
is $500,000; surplus, $625,000; deposits, $8,-
005,984.59. The present officers are T. S.
.Montgomery, president; Dr. J. J. Miller, John
F. Duncan, vice-president; V\'. G. Alexander,
secretary; C. (. Tri|)p; cashier. The Ijank has
branches at Campbell. Gilro), Santa Clara
and Saratoga.

Dr. I'reyfogle, the founder, was a native of
Columbus. Ohio, and a graduate of the ( )hio
W'esleyan Cni\ersity. The same year he left
college he entered the U. S. Army, rose to the
rank of captain and was compelled to resign
on account of failing eyesight. After a par-
tial recoN'cr)- from his affliction he stucbed law
until his e}-es again failed. Homeopathic treat-
ment cm-ed him and then he resoh'ed to lie-
come a homeo]Kithie physician. Entering a
medical college, he graduated in 1865 and in
1870 came to San Jose. In May, 1886, he was
elected ma)-or of the city. In 1885 he organ-
ized the San Jose liuilding and Foan Asso-
ciation.

Security State and Savings Bank

The Security State Bank and Securit)- Sa\'-
ings I'.ank occu|)y cos}' rooms in a concrete
building on First Street, op]iosite Post v^treet.
It was organized as a sa\"ings l)ank in |uly.
1891. with Frank Stock as ]-)resident, L. G.
Nesmith, \ice-presi(lent, and Paul P. .\ustin.
cashier and manager, in the rooms adjoining
the First National B.ank. In 1900 W. S. Rich-
ards obtained control of the stock and moved
the business to Fast Santa Clara Street, be-
t\\-een First and Second Streets. In 1902 the
Security State Bank was organized as an ad-
junct of the' savings institution. In March,
1909, the business was remo\'ed to its jires-
ent quarters. E. T. Sterling ^\•as cashier un-
der Richards until his resignation in 1907. He
was succeeded l)y Wilbur J. Edwards. Mr.
Richards died in 1915 and Mr. Fxbvards suc-
ceeded to the office of president, and George
B. Campbell ])ecame cashier. The ^'ice-J)resi-
dents were C. M. Richards and A\'. A. John-
ston. The combined statement of the condition
of the two banks, issued June 20, 1920, shows
the following: Resources, $4,687,924.59; cap-
ital, $100,000; cajjital, surplus and ])rofits,
$492,646.81 ; comliined deposits. $4,175,277.78.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

First National Bank

The First National Bank uf San Jose was
organized July 11, 1874, with a paid up capi-
tal" of $500",006, with John W. Hinds as presi-
dent; AY. L. Tisdale, \'ice-president, and G. P.
Sparks, cashier. (!)n July 6, 1875, the office of
assistant cashier was created and L. G. Nes-
mith elected to the position. In 1880 W. D.
Tisdale became president and L. G. Nesmith
cashier. Tisdale was succeeded liy George M.
Bowman, who held office until 190,\ On his
death the presidency fell to J. D. Radford. In
1907 he resigned and Y". S. Clayton \\'as his
successor and is still in office. In 1910 a new,
up-to-date finely appointed concrete building
of nine stories, the tallest Iniilding in San Jose,
^vas erected on the site of the old building on
the southwest corner of First and Santa Clara
Streets. The capital stock of the bank is
$500,000; surplus. $200,000; deposits, $7,108,-
100.83; undivided profits, $171,742.62. The
present oflicers are W. S. Clayton, president;
S. F. Leib, vice-])resident ; Paul Rudolph,
cashier.

The Growers' Bank

The Growers' Bank, a new institution, Avas
organized in May, 1920, and ojiened for busi-
ness in July of that year, in the Rea l)uilding,
on the northwest corner of Santa Clara and
Market Streets. It is purely a county bank,
with its stock l^roadly owned within the dis-
trict. The ca])ital stock has been placed at
$300,000; surplus, $60,000. The officers are;
V. T. JMcCurdy, president; S. E. Johnson, vice-
president; Fred W. Sinclair, cashier and
manager.

The banks have a Clearing House Associa-
tion and weekly reports are made. The offic-
ers are W. R. Beans, president; Paul Ruflolph,
secretary.

The Leading Industries

Chief amijng the leading industries of San
Jose are the canneries and packing houses.
They cover thousands of acres of ground and
are mainly in the suburbs. ^Mention of their
importance and acti\'ities has been made in
the chapter covering the fruit industries of
the city and county.

San Jose Foundry

(Jf the other industries — and the}' are many
and are well sustained — the San Jose Foundry
is the pioneer. It was first established in
1852 by Pomeroy and Mackenzie on the cor-
ner of First and San Antonio Streets, where it
remained until 1871, when a larger building
was erected liy Donald Mackenzie, then the
sole proprietor. Here, in addition to a general

moulding and casting business, machines of
many kinds were made and repared, the fa-
cilities for such work l)eing complete. The
iron work for the court house, county jail and
other prominent buildings of San Jose was
supplied by the San Jose Foundry. After the
death of Donald Mackenzie the management
passed into the hands of Andrew Mackenzie
and was continued until his death in 1918. In
1905 the lot on which the foundry stood was
sold and the plant was removed to Vine Street,
near Santa Clara Street. The business is now
in the hands of the Misses Mackenzie, Frank
Cavallaro and Oscar Promis. Cavallaro is the
superintendent and O. Promis is the secretary.
The lot where the old fotmdry once stood is
now occu{)ied b)' the Montgomery Hotel and
the building of the California Prune and Apri-
cot Growers, incorjjorated.

The Bean Spray Company

John Bean, the inventor of the Bean Spray
Pump, began his work in the early '50s and
enjoyed the distinction of being the inventor
and patentee of the first double-acting force
pump for well purposes. (Jn account of ill
health Mr. Bean moved to California in 1883.
He bought an orchard and soon found that it
^vas infested with scale. Only little scjuirt
gun jiuinps were then on the market, so he
put his ingenious mind at work and soon had
Iniilt the first high-pressure spray pump with
air pressure ever made. This pump ^^■as ex-
hibited in the California fairs of 1884 and cre-
atefl such a demand that Mr. Bean formed a
company and started a factory. D. C. Crum-
mey, son-in-law of Mr. Bean, has been presi-
dent of the company since 1888. Mr. Bean's
fertile mind continued its work of inventing
and perfecting spray pumps and spray noz-
zles until his death in 1908. Members of the
third generation of the family are now actively
engaged in the business and they, together
with several of the trained experts who now
form a part of the larger organization, have
actively continued the work. The first factory
was located in Los Gatos. It was moved to
San Jose in 1903 and in 1908 there \vas built
(jn Julian Street the largest exclusi\'e spray
pump factory in the world. Since that year
several important additions ha^ e been made.
In 1909 the company established a factorv in
Berea, Ohio, with branch offices at Cleveland.
The business grew rapidly and in 1914 the
Berea factory was discontinued and a new and
up-to-date factory was built at Lansing, Mich-
igan. The outfits of the ct)inpany can be pur-
chased anywhere in America. In San lose,
\vhere the largest plant is located, the com-
j)any not only makes everything for spraying,
from hand spray pumps, power sprayer, light

HIS'IXIRV OF SANTA CLARA CoLIN'I'Y

273

weight tidzzles anil accessories, his;h-|)ressure
spray huse and spray ,t;uns. Iml alsn a deep
well turbine pump for wliich the claim is
made that there is an absence of all valve and
priming- trouljles, that there are sanitary pre-
cautions and that it is adaptable to direct con-
nection with vertical motors. J- D- Crumme\-
is general manager of the compan\-.

The company started a new industry in
\'^22 in the manufacture of single cylinder en-
gines, this representing an expenditure of
$100,000. It is the first" factory of its kind to
lie estafilished west of the Mississippi.

Anderson-Barngrover Manufacturing
Company

T\vent}'-fi\e }ears ago A\'. C. Anderson
started in business as a manufacturer of can-
ning machinery. About the same time the
Cunningham factory \vas established. A few
years afterwards the Anderson Prune Dip-
ping Comi>any w as organized. The Cunning-
ham factor}- consolidated with Barngrover
and the Enterprise Foundry under the firm
name of liarngrover, Hull & Cunningham. An-
derson and the 1!. H. & C. Company were riv-
als for a few years and then came together as
one company under the name of the Anderson-
BarngTO\"er Manufacturing Company. The
first factory was on Santa Clara Street, but
for over ten years it has been located on Jul-
ian Street, near the Guadalupe River. The
buildings coA'er fi\'e acres of ground close to
the tracks of the Southern Pacific Railroad
and \\'ith patented devices it turns out a line
of high-grade automatic canning machinery
which indues exhaust boxes, graders, peelers,
\\'ashers, sheers, canning- tables, scalders,
washers, blanchers, syrupers and fillers for
fruit ; sorters, pan and bucket tables, peeling
tables, pulpers, finishers and fillers for toma-
toes, cap markers, fish canning machinery,
green prune dipping and grading machinery,
grape scalders and dippers, continuous agitat-
ing cookers, and man}- other useful and labor-
saving devices. The plant is one of the larg-
est of the kind in the world. Most of the larg-
er plants and practically all the smaller plants
on the Pacific Coast have been equipped by
the Anderson-Barngrover Company. The
largest and finest fruit canning plant in Aus-
tralia, owned and operated by the Govern-
ment, is equipped throughout \vith the com-
pany's line of machinery. The business has
been developed solely by local men, and ship-
ments to all parts of the world are made.
Three plants in Australia 'were supplied dur-
ing 1919. Three hundred men are employed
and the sales for 1919-20 amounted to over
$2,000,000. The officers are W. C. Anderson,
president: F. L. Burrell, vice-president and

manager : P,. 1 ). Hull, secretary, M B. Weaver,
treasurer. Directors — W. C. Anders(m, F. I^.
Burrell, F. M Weaver, G. II. Pyle. H. C.
J\l inker, T. C. TSarnett.

Smith Manufacturing Company

The .Smith Manufacturing Company, c(m-
sisting of father and son — J. S. Smith and
Clias. ( ). Smitli — the former the president, the
latter the manager, was formed in 1902 and
has a large plant on Stockton Avenue, near
the ^Alameda. The company makes exclusive-
1}- fruit machinery for the fruit grower, canner
and dried fruit packer. The implements turn-
ed out are a combined dipper, grader and auto-
matic spreader : a ])ow-er cylinder spreader ; a
combined dipper and spreader; a combined dip-
per, rinser and spreader ; steel tanks, dip]:)er
basket, field car, transfer car, turn table, dried
fruit grader, dried fruit receiving car, stan-
dard fruit barrow and box truck. The com-
pany does not claim any special dexterity (jr
secret methods, but it does claim that its ma-
chiner}- is made with that care and hunestx- of
purpose which produces a uniform f|ualit\- un-
excelled l-iy other makers.

Sperry Flour Company

The first flour mill in San Jose was erected
by I-l. G. Moody in 185-1 on the banks of Coy-
ote Creek about the spot where Empire Street
ends. Here the propelling po\yer was water,
procured from an artesian w-ell. The Ijusiness
was transferred to Third Street, near the cor-
ner of Santa Clara Street, in 1858, where steam
instead of water was used to drive the machin-
er}-. The improvements consisted of a mill
and warehouse, the latter with a capacity for
the storage of 40,000 sacks of flour. The mill
fronted on Third Street, the warehouse on
Fourth Street. Mr. Moody put in porcelain
rollers soon after their introduction to this
Coast and manufactured the once celebrated
"Lily White Flour." He retired from busi-
ness in the early '60s, and was succeeded by
his sons, Charles, Volney and David B. Afoody.
After a few years Volney Moody sold out his
interest, removed to Oakland and became a
banker.

In 1887 the Afoody brothers sold out to the
Central Milling Company, wdiich soon took in
all the mills in Central California. C, L. Ding-
ley was president, and D. B. Moody secretary.
For a number of years the company used for
manufacturing purposes the mill in San Jose,
Init the time came when the Santa Clara Val-
ley ceased to be the grain center of the state.
Grain fields everywhere had been converted
into fruit orchards, and fruit culture became
the great industry of the valley. In 1892
the Sperr}' Fk)ur Coinpan\- absorfied the Cen-

274

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

tral Milling Companj' and W. G. Alexander
was appointed manager. Through his activ-
ity and sonnd business sense the c(jinpany ex-
tended its operations until it had practically
covered the entire state. Now its tentacles
ha\'e reached out to include Oregon, Washing-
ton, Nevada and Utah. Mr. Alexander con-
tinued in office for twenty-three years — until
he went into bu.siness for himself. He ^\'as
succeeded b\ his brother, ITo\\'ard Alexander,
who died in 1912. E. 1!. Devine is the
])resent manager. The main office of the com-
pany is in vSan hVancisco. Da^id B. Moody
retired from the secretarvship many years
ago. He is now one of the directors of the vSan
fose Keystone Company, of which W. C^i. Alex-
ander is president.

The Globe Mills

The Cdobe Mills opened m June, 1920, a
branch office and warehouse in vSan Jose to
care for their rapidly growing business in San-
ta Clara County. The oiiening of this enter-
prise indicates the belief on the part of one
of the largest manufacturers on the coast that
San fcise is destined to 1)ecome an important
factor in the commercial and industrial de\'el-
opment of California. The Glo1)c Alills is an
old California concern with mills and ^vare-
houses in many cities on the coast and in
Nevada and Utah. The local branch is
under the management of J. A\'. HoUister, for-
merlv of San I-^rancisco. A complete line of
the Glolie Mills products is carried, and
sales in San Icjse, on the peninsula and on the
coast north of and including Santa Cruz, are
handled b\' this ofiicer. A deli\'cry system
\\-ill be inaugurated operating as far north as
Palo Alto.

The American Can Company

The American Can Company, a Ijranch of
the great New Jersey Company, has a plant
on Martha Street, ^vhich takes in an entire
l)lock. This company is ncjw emi)lo)dng 450
men and women. Foreseeing difficulty in ob-
taining the amount of help they needed should
other industries locate in vSan Jose and give
regular employment throughout the _vear, and
also anticipating the continued growth of the
canning industry in this section of the state,
the com])any early in 1919 completed plans
for enlarging its business.

These plans have been de\'eloped so far that
warehouse facilities to store 32,000,000 cans
and track facilities for loading and unloading
50 freight cars at a time are the result. This
storage cajjacity is now l)eing adfled to the
present plant in a warehouse 200 1)y 600 feet
being 1)uilt adjoining their original plant of
225 l)y 500 feet, making a plant covering an en-

tire city black bounded by Martha, Keyes and
Fifth Streets, with the Southern Pacific rail-
road on the Fourth Street side.

In making these additions to its plant the
company intends to start year-round work for
its employees. None but adult help will be
employed and except in case of emergency all
night and overtime work will be done away
with. With the greatly increased storage ca-
])acity there will be enough room to care for
the needs of the compan3''s customers with the
constant shi]mient of those concerns operating
throughout the greater portion of the year.
The plant \vas located in San Jose in 1912. In
1919 the company's output was over 10,000,000
cans. John S. Reed is the superintendent.

Security Warehouse and Cold Storajje
Company

The spacious mansion occupied first by Mrs.
Sarah L. Kno.x-Goodrich and afterwards by
Capt. C. H. Aladdo.x and family on First
Street, op])osite the Southern Pacific depot,
has l.ieen remo\'ed and now the grounds cover-
ing nearly an acre and extending from First
to vSecond Streets, holds the large and costly
concrete buildings of the Security Warehouse
and Cold Storage Company. The improve-
ments were started in the spring of 1920.

The enterprise is the result of a determin-
ation on the part of local business men who
decided that the time had come when the San-
ta Clara Valle}' would support such a ])lant.
They organized a $500,000 corporati(.)n, all
local ca])ital, secured the desired site and
started operati(]n. The building is of con-
crete, except a small portion of the roof over
some dry storage rooms, and is the most mod-
ern in e\ ery particular that the directors could
find in visits to like plants throughout the
country. There are in realit}' four distinct
iDuildings, each accessible to the <ither and se])-
arated b\- doul4e fire])roof doors. Floors are
all of concrete as are the supports in all the
main parts.

The location of the plant is ideal, facing
both First and Second .Streets, and adjoining
the main line of the Southern Pacific. 'i4iere
are two side tracks at the railroad site with a
storage capacit}" cjf tweh'e cars for either load-
ing or unloading. The fourth side is a very
\vide dri\-e for the use of teams and unloading
auto trucks.

The fniilding is 145x275 feet, of two-story
and l)asement design, and is equipped with an
ele\ator of great ca])acity for the purp(.)se of
getting goods to the upper stor}- and tcT the
1)asement, all goods being unloaded on the
main floor, to wliicli the platform from either
dri\e or railroad .give direct access. Also
there is a drive\\ay for trucks or teams leading

TnST(~)RY (IF SANTA CI.ARA C()UN'rY

onto this floor that full loads intcndcf] for
storas^c aho\o or hclow may he ])laceil ilirt'Ctlv
on the ek'\ator without truckiui;-.

There are three distin storaj^'e s\steui he-
ing- installed to care for tne different classes of
,i,''oods expected to be handled: llirect eoid air
for the care i_if fresh fruit; a brine storaj^^e
system for egg-keeping: and a direct expan-
sion of ammonia S}'stem for the freezing of
fresh fruits and meats. By the latter means
it is said fruit may be frozen and kept f(jr a
l^eriod cif several years, coming out with all
the appearance and taste as if freshly picked.

The fresh fruit storage will be invaluable to
growers and canners of this \alle\' in case (jf
an abundance of fruit ripening at once or in
case of railroad trouble in shipping, as it can
be placed here and ke])t until conditions for
its use are right.

The ciimpanv is also installing an ice-mak-
ing plant and already has contracted for a
])art of the capacity of the plant to local con-
cerns. This plant will be ecpiipped with the
latest apparatus for purifying the water be-
fore it is frozen and for the sanitary handling
of the prciduct.

The whole plant has a capacity of about
10.000 tons of storage besides the room l.ieing
given up to storage of heavy vehicles, such as
autos, tractors, and the like, of which there are
many already in the building. This latter
space is easih' convertible into the other var-
ieties if it is found there is demand enough to
warrant such an alteration. E. E. Chase is
president of the company, and J. O. Patton is
secretary.

Garden City Manufactory

This concern, started in 1919 at the corner
of Willard and San Carlos Streets, specializes
in women's and children's garments. Thirty
competent women are employed and great
bolts of muslin, percale, gingham, crepe, flan-
nellette, satin and silk dominate the shop,
housed in a large, modern cement building.
The electric cutting machcine cuts 600 gar-
ments at once and there has been a rush of
orders ever since the opening. S- C. Kimball
is the proprietor.

Tile Company

The S. ct S. Tile Company, located at
Fourth and Lewis Streets, began operations in
1920. The claim is made that it is the only
place in the United States where tiles are
made by hand. The company's specialty is the
manufacture of mosaics and the tiles of the
ancient Moors, reproduction of the work done
by the hands of skillful potters. A. L. Solon
is the president of the company.

Spray Manufacturing Company

.\ new enterprise entailing the in\'cstment
of $50,000 in perfecting the frnil spray was
i'emo\ed t(i San ](ise from Idood River, and
started in l''Jl with a line factor\ at Stockton
and lunery Streets. The name is the San Jose
S])ray Manufacturing Compan}-. J. C. Ijut-
cher, head of the firm known as the Ijutcher
Compan\- of Flood River, is the rlirector of
the research dei)artment, and D. L. Currier,
entomologist, is the director of field work. At
all times throughout the year the service de-
jjartment will be open for ad^•ice and consul-
tation.

Artificial Leather Factory

In the winter of 1921-22 a company, con-
sisting of local men, was organized to take up
the manufacture of certain chemical ])roducts,
the principal one to be that of artificial leather,
of Avhich the coast uses upwards of 200,000
lineal yards per month for automobile tops
and upholstery, fiu'nitnre uphcjlstery, book-
binding and no\-elties. This proiluct \vill fje
tollowed bv an e-xceptionalh- beautiful silk
manufactured under a i)atented process owned
1)\- the companv. (Jther i)roducts will include
non-inflammable mo\ing picture films, lae-
c|uers, enamels and celluloid materials. An
ideal factory site has already been secured
just north of San Jose. The oflicers are: Pre-
sident, I). T- Conant : Zeno < )stenberg, \ice-
president and chief chemist : secretarv-treas-
urer, J. A. Naismith; auditor, J. G. Shaw.

Manufactured Products

Figures received from the bureau of census
1)}- the local Chamber of Commerce in 1921
show San Jose to have produced in 1920 manu-
factured products \-alued at $25,000,000, nearl}-
a five-fold increase over the 1910 total. The
a\'erage number of wage earners employed is
shhown by the new censtts at 3,100, while in
1910 only about 1,340 were employed. The
margin Ijetween raw material and finished
products is placed at $10,628,000 over a total
t.f $2,368,000 in 1910.

The canners do an annual lousiness of
$49,236,750; gross annual payroll. $4,837,102.
In San Jose there are 7i pureh" industrial
concerns.

Wholesale Grocers

The "\A'alsh-Col Company is the pioneer
wdiolesale grocery firm in San Jose. In
1898 P. M. XValsh and P. E. Col formed a co-
partnership and started the business in a small
store at 20 North Market Street. Business
rapidlv increased, and in 1901 the AA'alsh-Col
Com])any \vas incorporated. In 1906 the pre-
sent large and comuKidious building on North
Market Street, near the Southern Pacific de-

176

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

pcit, was erected. It covers 400.000 square
feet of grounrl. The Ijuilding is of brick anQ
concrete with entrances on Market and San
Pedro Streets. The compan}- deals in staple
groceries, s])ices. extracts, and tea and coffee
and the Inisiness extends from South San
Francisco ^m the north to Paso Robles on the
south. Forty persons are on the pay roll in
San Jose and eight traveling salesmen are em-
ployed everv month in the year. The capital
stock is $100,000. P. M. Walsh died in 1912.
The present officers of the company are P. J.
Foley, president: P. E. Ciil, vice-president; J.
J. Shaw, secretarv.

The Ke}'stone Company of San Jose was or-
ganized by E. H. Ivenzel in Se])tember, 190.1.
It occupied a small building and did a small
business until August 19, 1909, when it A\-as
reorganized b}- AA'. Ct. Alexander. Today the
buildings occupy 178 feet (jn North Market
Street, running back ti) San Pedro Street.
They are of concrete with all the modern ap-
pliances and equipment. The comj^an}- keeps
on hand as assorted stock of sta])le groceries,
teas, spices, and extracts, and has recently
added a coffee roasting a])paratus for the pre-
paration of the popular Keystone Coffee. The
business extends from San Jose to Lijs An-
geles on the south and to Portland, Cjregon,
on the north. A\\ C. .\le-xander is president,
E. H. Renzel is vice-president, and I'. D. Bur-
ling is secretary. The other directors are I).
P. Mood}-, S. M'. Vander\-oort, \V. H. Ledyard,
i\Irs. \\'. (j. Alexander, J. E. Alexander and
Merle Elliott. Proof that San Jfjse is the
natural distrilniting center of Central Califor-
nia is gnen in the rapid growth and large
volume of business of the Keystone Conqxmy.
Pride is taken in the org'anization ; there is
cheerful cooperation and good fellowship
among employes and officers, and e\er}- one
labors heartily and efficiently for the success
of the organization. The business done in
1919 a])prr)ximated $2,000,000.

The Oliver Company

C)ne of the comparatively new interests of
San [ose and one which gives great promise
of liecoming a large factor in the fruit in-
dustry is that of oil 1)urning equipment fijr
heating of houses and f<jr prune dipping and
evaporating of other fruits. The (Jliver < )il
Gas Burning & i\lachine Company has located
its western branch in San Jose, the work l)eing
carried on from the plant of the State Foun-
drv & Pattern \\'r)rks on the Alameda where
patterns are made and the castings for the
burners turned out. An oil-burning ])rune dip-
per has been on the market f(]r S(]me time,
init in PJ19 the < )liver Company placed a
number of thes'" machines throughout the Nal-

ley, all giving satisfaction. While the com-
pany is at present installing the prune dippers,
the evaporating business is receiving a large
share of attention. These evaporators have
burners which are claimed to be superior to
those burning either coal or wood. The com-
pany is also making a \'ariety of cook stoves,
heating stoves and other house heating burn-
ers. They have burners in this line up to a
capacity <jf a fifteen horsepower boiler. The
main factory is located in St. Louis, Mo., and
the San Jose factory is expected to develop
into a large concern.

National Axle Corporation

The National Axle Cor])oration was organ-
ized in 1920. It ])urchased twelve acres on the
Berryessa Road, in what was formerly known
as Luna Park, and ]irocceded to erect a large
cme-story ])uilding at a cost of $68,000. The
cost of the equipment was $110,000. Fifteen
mechanics are now employed, but the expecta-
tion is that in the near future the force will
reach the one hundred mark. In 1921, a new
corporation obtained control of the plant. S.
C. K}-le is president, and Earl C. Fancher and
H. W. Smith are \dce-presidents. Smith is
the manager of the works. Axles form the
main output, though the factor}- is prepared to
do all kinds of contract work. The building is
,■^60 feet long by 90 feet \\'ide. One hundred
feet east of the National Axle building is lo-
cated a branch of the Smith Manufacturing
Company. The building is 75.x60 feet in size
and here is manufactured everything in the
line of boilers and sheet metal work.

Plow Factories

Ft. (t. Knapp & Si)n, in business in San
Jose since 1900, have two large plants, one on
South First Street, opposite \\'illow, the other
at the corner of Fciurth and Margaret Streets.
Their products go to Honolulu, the Philip-
pines, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Utah,
.and all parts of the state. They manufacture
plows, tractors, side hill plows, whi]) saws,
subsoilers, and gopher plows. A specialty is
made of the Knap]) tractor disc plow and the
Knapp power lift. During the business seas-
on, the company employs forty-fi^•e men.

In 1919 the California Plow Company lo-
cated in San Jose, having secured a four-acre
tract on the old Polhemus estate, with close
shipping facilities. C. B. and E. R. Polhemus
comprise the company. A number of im]ile-
mcnts, including plows for tractors, horse-
drawn tfiols and several kinds of harrows, are
made. Besides the main shop, A\hich is al-
read}' ec|uippe(l with the latest drill presses,
lathes, punches and slicing machines, the com-
pany has started a casting foundry, operating
on a small scale.

MIST* )i^^■ ()[< SANTA eM,\l>;A OoUN'lA'

_'//

The Farmers' Union

The Fanners' L'niun was or,i;ani/.e(l 1>\ \al-
ley farmers nii Alay 11. 1874, for ihe luirpuse
of Inlying;' and selling' ,L;roceries, prmluce,
hardware — exerythint^-, in laet, sa\e elotliint;- —
and mainlainint;- stores. P>esides the lari^e
store on Santa Clara Street, eorner of vSan
Pedro, it operates a store in Central ^Market
and another at the town of Campbell. The
capital stock \\hen the eompan\- was oriL;an-
ized was $100,000. It has since heen increas-
ed to $200,000. The valne of the stock on
hand amounts to about the same fi.i^nre. The
first president was AA'illiam Erkson. In 1878
he was succeeded by C. T. Settle, who contin-
ued in office until his death in 1900. W. C.
Andrews \\as then chosen for the position,
and he has held it e^■er since. He is also the
manager of the store and his assistant is A.
O. Matthews. Dr. AV, C. Bailey is the secre-
tar_\- of the organization.

Granite and Marble Works

Schuh & \'ertin have the only granite and
marble A\'orks within the limits of the citv of
San Jose. Their establishment is at the corner
of Santa Clara and Vine Streets, and like the
other works on the outside they do all kinds
of marble and granite work, special clesi.gning.
etc. Near the citv are located three other es-

tablishments, the Oak Mill C.ranite ^; Marble
^'ard, on the ed.ge of the Cemetery. .Abmteix'y
koad ; the v'^an Jose (^'anite and Marble
Works, corner of b'irst and Alameda Streets,
and the Western Cranite i\: Marlile Cmn-
pan)-'s works on Stockton A\enue.

The marlile business was estaltlislied in San
Jose in 187(1 b\- ]. W. Coml)S. and in l';78
W. W. Idanchard and Tiniotln- (_>'Xeill oi>en-
ed the first granite \\'orks. In 18S.-' a partner-
ship between the three men was formed and
the two interests were combined under the
firm name of Com]>s. Blanchard \; i )'Neill.
The name was afterwards changed to the
Western Marble and Granite Company, and
for man^' vears business was done on First
Street near the vSouthern i'acific railway
tracks. .\t last, I)eing cramped for sjjace, the
establishment was rem(]\'ed to Stockton
A\enue.

C)ther industries are jjotteries, brick yards,
machine shops, broom factories, Ijox factories,
refineries, liook liinderies, creameries, dairies,
feed )'ards, sheet metal, \va.gon, mattress,
shin.gle and jjump) factories, lumber yards and
])laning" mills, rug works, macaroni factories,
x'iolin makers, well works, welding' works,
paste makers and colTee and spice mills. This
df)es not include the dozens of garages, auto
suppl}' companies and auto repair shops.

CHAPTER XXXI.

The Romantic History of the Town of Santa Clara — Home of One of the
Early Missions — The Story of the Santa Clara University — The Planting
of the Mission Cross.

As far as is known, William Clark was the
first American to locate in Santa Clara. He is
the man who first reduced the ore from the
mines at New Almaden. In 1846 came the
Harlands, Van Gordon. Samuel Young, Tabor,
Allen, Jones, Dickinson and Bennett. In 1848
there arrived J. Alex. Forbes. Jonathan and
Charles Parr. W^illiam Booth, Fielding Lard,
Riley Montrey, Cobeb Rand, Geo. \N. Bel-
lamy, Dr. H. H. Warburton, Mr. Bazard, W^il-
liam McCutchen. AVilliam Haun, W^ashington
Moody, John Whisman, William Campbell,
Thomas Hudson, James Linns, Austin Angel
and others.

There were two stores, one kept by Robert
Scott, and one by a Frenchman. The onl}-
hotel wap Jie Bellamy house. The first frame
building was built as a residence for Father
Real, the priest in charge of the Mission, at

the southwest corner of Santa Clara and Al-
\'iso Streets. The hnnber was sawed with a
whipsaw by Fielding Lard, in the Palgas red-
woods. Immediately after\vard ]3uildings were
erected b}' Lard, Scott and Haun. In 1850 a
school house building was erected on Liberty
Street. It \\'as built by subscripticm and was
long' known as the "little brick schoolhouse."
It was used as a place of worship b}- all de-
nominations. In 1853 the first church was
Iniilt b}' the Methodists. In the same year a
female seminary was erected to tlie west of
Main vStreet. between Liberty and Lexington.
In 1850 Peleg Rush imported twenty-three
houses from Boston and set them up in town.
The Union Hotel was built in 1850. It was
conducted liy Appleton & Ainslie. In 1851
the Santa Clara College was estalilished.

27S

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

In 1850 the town site was surveyed by Wil-
liam Campbell into lots a hundred yards
square, and one lot was given to each citizen
with the understanding that he was to build a
house on it within three months; failing to do
so the lot could be taken by another. There
was no town government until 1852 when the
following officers were chosen trustees : F.
Lard, S. S. Johnson, A. D. Right, F. Cooper,
Riley Montrc}" ; clerk, C. W. Adams; assessor,
A. Madan : marshal, William Fosgate. In
1862 a regular charter, in accordance with
state la\\-s, \\'as olitained and the following
were chosen as trustees: J. R. Johnson, A. B.
Caldwell, R. K. Ham, J, L. Guernsey, Henry
Uhrbroock. The charter was amended in
1866 and again in 1872. The tn^\'n, as then
laid out, \'\-as two miles long and a mile and a
half wide. Methodism in California \vas first
planted in Santa Clara.

Santa Clara, called by admirers, "the pro-
gressive city beautiful," has (1922) a popu-
lation of 6,300. Its public schf)ol system is
equal to an}- in the land. Children enjoy the
best possible educational advantages under
the best teachers available and are ]:>rovided
with beautiful, spacious and strictly modern
buildings and playgrounds.. The latest and
most approved laboratory equipment and ath-
letic accessories are installed. Sanitary and
health conditions are under the careful super-
vision of a skilled i)hvsician. QMie grammar
school course is supplemented by manual
training, sewing, cooking and music. The high
school prepares students for the Normal
schr)ols anrl uni\'ersities, and gives a compre-
hensive general course.

The Santa Clara Chamber of Commerce is
located in the Rank of Ital_\' building and is
one of the live ]:)rogressive institutions of the
town. The officers are : Robert A. Fatjo, pres-
ident; J. J. Ji^nes, L. G. Fatjo, vice-presidents;
H. L. Warburton, treasurer; and B. R. .Sulli-
van, secretar}'. Directors, liernice Downing,
Henry Eberhard, R. A. Fatjo, L. G. Fatjo, J. J.
Jones, William Loos, E. McOuoid, A. W.
Nuttman, Henry R. Roth, C. A. Thomjison, F.
J. Vargas, H, L. AV'arburton. The Chamber,
composed of the leading n:en of the Inisiness
crjmmunitA", is concerned with the promotion
of the city's material interests and general wel-
fare, and IS engaged in publicity with the ob-
ject of acquainting the outside world with the
inviting and salutary local conditions and op-
portunities.

Santa Clara stands ])reeminent among the
cities and towns of Califurnia in the matter of
municipal ownership of light and water, and
is therefore immune from the restrictions usu-
ally levied upon these necessities by corpo-
rate control. Operating its own water, gas

and electric plants, it is enabled to oiTer par-
ticular inducements to homeseekers in the
reasonable expense of these utilities as well as
in the low rate of taxation. Paved and graded
streets and cement sidewalks are among the
features that commend themselves to visitors.
The town is surrounded with beautiful gar-
dens, thrifty orchards and fields of vegetables,
all of which add charm and makes this por-
tion of the valley rank high as a place of
abode.

Santa Clara's fruit and manufacturing con-
cerns are the city's greatest asset. The Pratt-
Low Preserving Company, the A. Block Pack-
ing Company, the Rosenberg Bros. & Com-
|)any, the Eberhard Tanning Company, the
Alerrit Cement Company, the Homer Knowles
Pottery, and the Pacific Manufacturing Com-
])an3', are the largest of their kind on the
Coast. These institutions are the mainstay of
the community and will, as they continue their
rapid progress and development, result in the
greater growth and prosperity of Santa Clara
and surrounding territor}'.

The Pratt-Low Preserving Company is sit-
uated a short distance south of the Southern
Pacific Railway depot, and at its inception in
1905 three acres of ground were ample for its
requirements. At the present time ten acres
are devoted to this institution, which em-
];>loyes from a minimum of four hundred to a
ma.ximum of one thousand people during the
fruit harvesting season, extending from June
first to the middle of November. During this
period cherries, apricots, i)eaches, pears,
plums, grapes, and tomatoes are handled in
large quantities, over ten million cans being
necessary for containers ; the finished product
is distributed throughout the United States
an<l Canada, as well as England, France, Italy,
and the (Jrient. The extreme fertilit}' and
productivity of the soil in the immediate vicin-
ity of this i)lant has had much to do with its
growth, and the sanitary conditions main-
tained, together with the care exercised in the
selection and handling of the fruit, account for
the great demand for, and wide distribution of,
its products.

The A. lUock Fruit Company, located on
the northwestern Imits of Santa Clara, was
established in 1873 by the late Abram Block,
and is perhaps the largest deciduous fruit
house in the world, packing in different years,
according to the size and cjuality of the crop,
from 500 to 900 carloads, all assorted and
l)oxed by experienced hands and shipped to
almost every corner of the globe — China, Eur-
iipe. South America, South Africa. The Blocks
make a specialty of quality fruits, the bulk of
which is grown in their own orchards. They
pack nothing except the best, their brand hav-

HISTORY l)K SANTA CLARA COUNTY

279

ing a reputation secDiid to none wherever it is
marketed. California's finest paek oi pears
and plums, grown on Santa Clara soil, is har-
vested and packed by this local establishment.

The Pacific Manufacturing Company is one
of the largest lumber concerns on the Pacific
Coast. The plant co\'ers over fifteen acres of
ground and 500 men are constantly employed.
The company was originally known as the En-
terprise Mill & Lumber Company, but was re-
organized and the name changed in Septem-
ber. 1880. The present oi¥icers are: James H.
Pierce, president ; John T. Kennedy, vice-presi-
dent : R. T. Pierce, secretary and treasurer.
The plant is valued at $300,000.

The Eberhard Tanning Ciimpan}^, formerly
the Santa Clara Tannery, was started in 1849
by L. Wampach. He c< inducted it until 1854,
when it was brought liy Messing & Dixon,
Shortly after\\'ard F. C. Franck was admitted
as a partner. Dixon soon sold out to Mr.
Glein, antl idtimatel}- passed into the hands
of Glein alone. Jn 1860 the firm became Glein
& Albert, who kei)t up the business until 1864,
when Glein again became sole possessor. In
1866 he sold out to Jacob Eberhard. In 1915
Jacob Eberhard died and the business has
since been ccmducted by his sons and daugh-
ters. The plant! occupies eleven acres on
Grant Street, and is one of the largest tan-
neries in the world. A sale for the verj'
superior leather turned out is found all over
the world. Eighty-six men are emplo3-ed the
^•ear round.

The present town officers are John J. Jones,
William Loos, M. Silva, W. F.'Hayward, P.
Concannon, trustees; W. Walsh, marshal, A.
J. Cronin, clerk; R. A. Fatjo, treasurer. School
trustees — F. M. Harmon, C. E. Newton, Mrs.
Lenora D. Emig, David Wallace and F. M.
Merrill. There are two newspapers, the Jour-
nal, published by B. & B. Downing, and the
News, published by Lawrence Lockney.

The Santa Clara Valley Aero Club has er-
ected a spacious club house and rest room on
the edge of the field fronting the State High-
way on the outskirts of Santa Clara, and has
extended the landing area so as to make it
one of the very best in the state. Among the
remarkable advantages of the flying park is
the absence of trees or shrubbery. The ground
is level, carpeted with clover, and makes an
ideal landing point.

There are Presbyterian, Alethodist, Episco-
pal and Catholic Churches in Santa Clara, and
also the following societies, lodges, and clubs :
Church Societies — Ladies' Improvement So-
ciety, Presb}'terian : Ladies' Aid, Methodist;
St. Margaret's Guild, Episcopal; Santa Clara
Relief Society, Catholic. Lodges and Clubs —
Foresters of America; I. O. of Red Men; Na-

ti\e S(Mrs of the ()(jlden West; Degree of Po-
cahontas; Woodmen of the World; Union
Club; Sodality Club, Wc^man's Club, Shake-
speare Club, Parent-Teachers' Club, King's
Daughters, Sew and So Circle, Monday After-
noon Bridge Club, W. C. T. U., C. H. & R.
Club, Girls' Club, St. Claire's Altar Society,
Baseball Club, Socieade d" Espirito Santa, Su-
preme Ciiuncil, S. E. S.

University of Santa Clara

The leading educational institution of Santa
Clara is the University of Santa Clara, for-
merly called Santa Clara College. It is lo-
cated on the site of the old Mission of vSanta
Clara. On January 12, 1777, t^vo Franciscan
Padres, de la Pena and Murguia, planted the
Mission cross on the banks of a little stream,
called from that time the Guadalupe, at a spot
now forming a part of the Laurel Wood farm,
near Agnew. Two years later, a flood de-
stroyed both church and monastery, and the
jiarlres in consequence sought a site on higher
ground near the present railway station of
Santa Clara. There, on Novemljer 9, 1781,
they laid the foundation of a large adobe
church and mission buildings. Three years
later, on May 15, 1784, the new church was
dedicated, by the venerable Padre Serra, then
padre presidente of all the Missions of Cali-
fornia.

This church, howexer, was s<i badly shat-
tered 1)}' several earthciuakes in 1812 and 1818,
that the padres were forced to build anew.
This time they chose the site which the uni-
\ersity now occupies. There, on August 11.
1822, a still larger church was dedicated,
which did service for many )ears till the vio-
lent earthquakes in the years 1865 and 1868
So cracked and weakened it that extensive re-
pairs were necessary. By the year 1885 it had
l3een almost entirely removed, having been
gradually replaced by the present frame build-
ing, the interior of which is a nearly perfect re-
production of its predecessors and retains
some of the old ornaments and furniture and
the ceiling of the sanctuary.

The Mission of Santa Clara was secular-
ized in 1836 and passed from the hands of the
dexoted Padres into those of politicians who
robbed Santa Clara of her lands and drove
manv' of her children into the forests. \\ hen
Rt. Rev. Joseph Sadoc Alemany, O. P., ar-
ri\ed as bishop of the diocese in 1850, he
found only one Franciscan in charge of the
Mission, which had been restored by the
American Government, though in a sadl}' re-
duced form, most of the land being occupied
by squatters. Desiring to save the remnants
of the Mission and also to begin a college to
meet the growing need of the times, the

'80

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

l-]ish(ip in\ite(l the Society of Jesus to Santa
Clara. The in\itation ^vas accepted and ac-
cordingly, on March 10, 1851, the Rev. John
Nobili, S. J., laid the foundation of the I'ni-
versity of vSanta Clara and began the work.
Fr, Xolnli adapted the old adobe Vniildings to
the requirements of a school and in a fe\\'
years many students were in attendance. < )n
.April 28, 1855, the institution was chartered a
uni\ersit>' and for many years was known as
Santa Clara Colle,ge. In 1904, during the
presidency of Father Robert E. Kenna, S. T.,
a large tract of land was bought at Mountain
View, with the intention of transferring the
college thither, but o\\'ing- to lack of Irnancial
support, nothing \\-as done.

After careful consideration, it was decided
in 1910, that this ])lan would have to be aban-
doned, and that it ^^•as much \\-iser to iinpro\ e
the college in its present location and thus
make the mcist of the eciuipment it then had.
Accordingl}-, in 1911, t\^'0 new reinforced con-
crete buildings, in the mission stvle of archi-
tecture, were begun.

In 1907 lectures were commenced \\'ith a
view cjf preparing students to enter upon the
professional courses in law, medicine and en-
gineering. I;!y 1911, the pre-iuedical course
was thoroughly established and the law school
was begun. Realizing, therefore, that the
college was practicalh' doing the work of a
universit}', the president, Fr. James P. Mor-
rissey, S. J., and the board of trustees, decided
to adopt oflicially the name (jf "The Univer-
sity of Santa Clara," and this decision was
publicly announced on April 29, 1912. Later,
on June 16, 1912, \\ith appropriate ceremonies
in the presence of Most Rev. Patrick \Y.
Riordan, D. D., Archbishop of San Fran-
cisco, of many present and former stu-
<lents, and of 30,000 spectators, \\ith a pageant
illustrati^•e of the histor\' (.)f California and
Santa Clara, the two new buildings \\'ere ded-
icated.

In the summer of 1912, engineers of high
standing were engaged to carry (ju the courses
in engineering, and in the next summer a
thoroughly equijiped laboratory for engineer-
ing was prepared. In the same year the
amount of wcjrk required of law students was
increased and almtist all classes in law were
thenceforth held at night.

The universit}- now jKJSsesses the follow-
ing constituent c(dle,ges: The College of
Philosophy and Letters ; The College of Gen-
eral Science; The Institute of Law; The Col-
lege of Engineering, embracing Architectural,
Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering;
The School of Pedagogy; and The Pre-Med-
ical Course.

The following Iniildings are on the grounds:
The Mission Church — Built on the site of
the old Mission Church of 1822, this building
preser\-es man)- of the relics and decorations
of the Franciscan days, thou'_di most of the
\\'alls ha\'e been removed. The Memorial
Chapel — As a memorial of deceased students
this handscime chapel was erected in 1887, dur-
ing the presidency of Rev. Father Robert E.
Kenna, S. ].. through the generosit}- of many
alumni and friends of Santa Clara College.
Senior Hall — This hall, built in 1912 of rein-
forced concrete, furnishes on the second and
third floors, iM-i^ate rooms for the older stu-
dents. ( )n the first flcjor are seven large class-
rooms for college classes, the La^v Library
and Stud}- Hall, and the College of Engineer-
ing. In the basement are a large social hall,
senior reading r(jon-i, the practice court of the
Institute of Law antl the Palaeontological
Museum. The Theater — All dramatic produc-
tions at Santa Clara since 1870, including the
Passion Play and the iMission Play of Santa
Clara, ha^-e I'leen j^resented in this theater. Its
stage is one of the largest fijr amateur produc-
tions in the West. The lower floor is fitted
u]i as a dormitor}- for older students. The
Litera^^' Congress Pmilding — For a time the
meeting place of the House r)f Philhistorians
and the I'hilalethic Senate was in this build-
ing. Now it houses the Philalethic Senate
and the Department of Chemistry, and is used
to some extent as a substitute for a G}-mna-
siui-n. The Scientific Building — The first and
second di\-ision study halls, the typewriting
room, the ph}-sical cabinet and laboratory, the
mineralogical museum, the biological labora-
tory and lecture-rooms, and the laboratory for
\\-ireless telegraphy are in this building. The
Commercial Building — This Imilding contains
the high school classrooms and study hall, the
con-imercial school, the physical laboratory for
the high school, and the drafting room i>f the
College of Engineering. The Infirmar}- I^iuild-
ing — This structure, \\-ith its se\-eral wings,
com])rises the kitchen, the refectories, the in-
firmar}- with private rooms and ward, dormi-
tories for vounger students, clothes-roon-i, the
students' coo])erati^-e store, rooms for the in-
di^■i(lual practice of n-iusic, and the band-rooni.
d'he ( )bservatory — The equatorial telescope,
seismographs, meteorological instrun-ients and
the stud}' of the father in charge are housed
in four small buildings. The l^'acult}- Build-
ing— This structure of reinforced concrete,
built in 1912, t<i replace the old Fathers' I'uild-
ing which was (lestro}-ed b}- fire in 1910, con-
tains the offices of the chief executixe oflicers
of the universit}-, park)rs, the residence of the
Fathers and Scholastics who are attached to
the uni\-ersity or Parish of Santa Clara, and

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.ARA COUNTY

281

the Lribrary nf the university. Tlio I'jvji-uei-
ing Labi)rat(ii'\' — K(iri;cs, nuK'liiiKr\' lUr wikkI-
wofking' and pattern-niakint;-, etc., used r.i tlu'
CMurscs lit tlio Colk\L;'L' of luiLiinfcrinL'; liml
pkice in this kuiUktii;-.

llesides the buildings thL-rc are the athletic
fiekl of fifteen acres, two karge liaseball dia-
monds and an inner campus for track, tennis
courts, baseball courts, etc. There are two
semesters; one begins in August, other in k'l'i-
uary. after the holiday recess.

The board of trustees for 19U)-20 were : 'I'im-
othy Leo Murphy, S. j., president; Joseiih
William Iviordan, v^. k. secretar\- and treas-
urer; Alo^'sius N'incent Raggio, S. ].: Jerome
Se.xtus Ricard. S. ).: Richard llenr_\- Melt,
vS. J.; Cornelius ,\loysius Mnckley, S. ].:
Charles M. korigan. l{.\ecuti\e board—The
president, Joseph William Riordan, S. J.,
Charles M. Lorigan. in 1921 Ke\. Z. Maker
succeeded Re\'. Timotln' I^eo ]\lur])h\- as pre-
sident.

After the con\ention of the lesuit order at
Seattle in Jul}', 1920, Father Murphy, ])resi-
dent of the uni\ersit}-, announced that a new-
building, to be used for instruction and dor-
raitorv purposes, wcmld l)e erected on tke uni-
\'ersity grounds as soon as plans could be
completed. The building will follow closely
the plan and style of Senior Hall, having three
stories and a l.iasement. It will be of concrete
and will cost about $200,000. It will make it
possible to accommodate 500 more students
than formerly could be housed at the uni\er-
sit}- and will no longer make it necessary for
Father Murphy to refuse applications for en-
rollment. Enough applications are on file to
have every room in the new addition filled
immediately upon completion. In the sjjring
of 1922 a drive for the purpose of raising
$500,000 to enlarge and impro\e the univer-
sity started with every promise of success.

The Last of the Mission Indians

A romantic figure whose life sj^an reached
a century and a quarter, was Marcello, the last
of the Mission Indians. Charles D. South,
Lift. D,, present postmaster of Santa Clara,
has written most entertainingly of this grand
old fellow, whose history is a part of the his-
tory of the university. Mr. South's article
appeared first in the March, 1920, number of
The Columbind, the organ of the Knights of
Columbus. It is herewith given as a part of
the history of Santa Clara.

"Of the twenty-one Catholic Indian Mis-
sions of California, the seventh in chronolog-
ical order of establishment was that of Santa
Clara de Asis, on the Arroyo Guadalupe, near
the southern extremity of San Francisco Bay;
and of the thousands of red men who were

ted, clolhe<l and educated there by the self-
sacrilicing sons of ,St. k'rancis, and who Ja-
liored to u])build and maintain this heroic
Christian settlement in the territory (jf the
( )lhone, (jr L'ostano, tribes, the name of Mar-
cello alone has smwived, and his personality
stands dimly outlined in solitary hugeness
against the haz_\' back,gronnd of Calif<jrnia's
pastoral age. Most famous of all the Mission
Indians, Marcello, last of his race, joined the
innumeral)le cara\an onl_\' after his life had
spanned, it is claimed, a fidl century and a
tpiarter — a centur_\' and a <|uarter which more
than 'tinges the sober twilight of the ])resent
with color of romance.'

"To the tribes which occu]iied the heart of
the v-allc}' of Santa Clara at the advent of the
ITanciscans, according to local tradition, Mar-
cello came a stranger, speaking a strange dia-
lect. His heroic size and ])rincelv I)earing
seem to ha\'e lent credence to his boast that
through his veins coursed the blood of kings.
His ancestors are suppicised to have been roval
Yumans of the \alle}- of the Colorado Ri\-er,
and this reputed scion of a great aboriginal
family was instinctivel_y hailed as a chief by
the ta\vny sun-worshippers whose \vigvvams
cast their shadow in the fretful Guadalupe. He
was hailed instinctively as chief, perhai)s, be-
cause his \ery figure was commanding, since
he is said to ha\'e loomed above the scjuat In-
dians of Santa Clara as the Sequoia looms
above the dwarf pines of the Sierra.

"An inscription in the San Jose Pul.ilic Li-
brary informs the reader that Marcello's meas-
ure of life was 125 years; that he opened his
eyes (m the world in 1750, and was gathered
to his fathers in 1875. The longevity of his
existence may be the better appreciated by
reference to characters and incidents of the
history which civilization was inditing the
while Marcello rose to manhood and stalked,
an imposing figure, thrtiugh the romantic
Alission age, through the revolutionary Mexi-
can period, through the epochal era of mad-
dening gold strikes, and on down through the
still greater era of American progress — an era
in which not the mineral gold but the richer
vegetable gold becomes the stable basis ol
prosperity.

"This Indian celebrity, who is said to have
assisted Padre Thomas de la Pena to raise the
storied Mission Cross near the laurel W(n)d on
the banks of the Guadalupe January 12, 1777.
and who is quoted as ha\'ing averred that he
had seen Lieutenant Jose de Moraga raise the
royal einblem of Spain at the founding of the
Pueblo de San Jose, was supposedl}- toying
with wampum and feathers in the wigwam of
his father wdien young George \\'ashington.
leading a band of colonials, accompanied the

282

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Liritish General Bracldock and his veterans on
the disastrous march against Fort Duquesne.
Assuming; that 1750 was the date of MarccUo's
nativity, he was five years of age when AVolfe's
intrepid redcoats stormed the Heights of AIj-
raham and when Montcahn heroically wel-
comed the death that shut from his vision the
surrender of Quebec. He was fifteen when the
I'ritish Parliament passed the Stamp Act
\\ hich precipitated the American Revolution ;
and when the Liberty Bell rang out the glad
tidings of the Declaration of Independence in
1776 he was enlisting in the service of Padre
Junipero Serra for a peaceful invasion of the
\alleys of Alta California. The chief, as Mar-
cello was called, had passed his thirty-ninth
year when Washington was elected President
of the United States, and had he survived one
3'ear longer he might have participated in the
first centennial of American liberty.

"Following out the natal-day hypothesis.
Chief Marcello Avas nineteen years old when
Napoleon Bonaparte was born, and when the
French Revolution burst into throne-consum-
ing flame this Indian was marching into a
wilderness of the unknown west with the
cowled Grey Friars of St. Francis. He A\-as
fifty-four when Napoleon, at the age of thirty-
five, was crowned Emperor of the French ;
fifty-six when Bonaparte reached the zenitli
of his career at Austerlitz, and si.xty-five \vhen
the star of the Corsican genius went do\vn in
l^lood at A\'aterloo ; and, moreover, it ma)^ not
prove uninteresting to note that this towering
aboriginal was still conspicuous in the ranks
of the li\-ing, having reached his hundred and
twentieth year, when the third Napoleon,
after overthrowing the French Republic, was
himself o\erthroA\'n at v'^edan.

"Marcello (who had beheld California in its
tribal stage and then successively under Spain,
Mexico and the United v^tates) ultnnately
surrendered to the inevitable; and, finally, l)e-
fore this super-Indian looked his last uyton the
sun there was already reigning on the Aus-
trian thr(jne that ill-starred monarch of tlie
House of Hapslun-g, the late Fmper(jr Francis
Joseph, \\diose edict in 1914 set FiU'ope aldaze
and plunged the world into a war so cijlossal
as to render small in comparison the sum total
of destruction in all the \\'ars of Alexander,
Caesar and Napoleon.

"According to trust\^'<lrthy authorit)'. Chief
Marcello was a Ax-ritable walking enc}'cliipe-
dia of Mission history; yet uoIkkU' in his time
saw fit to make a transcript of his stor_\' and
that possible source of infinitude of details of
the early annals of Santa. Clara is now shut
oft" ftjrever. Nobod}' lixing knows e.xacth-
wdiere the first Santa Clara Mission stood.

Marcello knew the location ; but, odd as it may
seem, little interest appears to have been
taken in the subject until after Marcello's
demise. When the book was eternally closed,
the people became eager to read.

"This coi)per-skinned giant, in his prime,
stood six feet two inches in his bare feet,
weighed 250 pounds, \\as rawboned and pos-
sessed of prodigious strength. There is no
evidence other than unauthenticated stories
handed down by the old Spanish families that
lie had assisted in the erection of the wooden
frames of the original Mission on the banks
of the Guadalupe, and it is not certain that he
witnessed the tlestruction of the settlement by
flood in 1779; but there is plenty of corrobora-
tion for his story that he aided Padre Jose An-
tonio Murguia to build the adobe Mission on
the second site, now marked by a simple white
cross which stands some two hundred paces
west of the Southern Pacific Railroad depot
at vSanta Clara.

"Anterior to the coming of the Friars — long
liefore Marcello had set eyes on this fair
scene — the vSpanish Sergeant (3rtega, at the
liehest of the renowned Captain Caspar de
Portola, in 1769, had led a liand (.>f scouts
along the southern borders of San Francisco
liay and had described the future Santa Clara
\alle\- as 'The Plain of Oaks.' Subsequently,
for a number of years, the region was desig-
nated as the '^leadoAV of San Bernardino,' and
the beautiful name, Santa Clara was the happy
selection of the illustrious Junipero Serra.

"While the honor of founding this Mission
is shared conjointly by Padre Pena and Lieu-
tenant Moraga, the famous Colonel d'Anza,
\\dio had led from Mexico two hundred colo-
nists to form the village of San Francisco and
the civilian nucleus of the Mission of Santa
Clara, was regrettably deprived of the histor-
ical prominence due him through a military
exigency which compelled his sudden return
to San Diego. Thus was his lieutenant left to
celebrate the crowning of labors which owed
their successful fruition to the masterful pre-
liminary achicNcments of his brilliant superior
officer.

"In 1827, the population of Santa Clara
included 1,500 Indians, and the common prop-
ert}" was 15,000 cattle, as man}- sheep, and
2,800 horses. The lands reserved for the na-
ti\e con\'erls who accepted a settled life ex-
tended from the Guadalupe to the summit of
the mountain range on the west, a (k)main of
80,000 acres, exempt from taxation during
Spanish rule. Under Mexican authority, the
Missions were secularized and plundered, and
there soon remained only a Aestige of their
once prosperous communities.

HISTORY OF SANTA CFARA COLINTY

283

"Marcello had acteil as foreman of native
laborers who eonstrucled the Ahimeda under
the direction of Padre jose X'iader, the assist-
ant of the \ enerahle I'ach-e Matjin Catala, at
the (hiwn of the nineteenth century. When
his years had told a hundred, the a^'ed chief
found pleasure in tra\ersing' the foliage-
canopied league which separates San Jose from
Santa Clara, and delighted in entertaining fel-
low pedestrians ^^'ith tales of the days when
the great willo\\' trees, \\diich in summer af-
forded impenetrable shade along the winding
road, had in their infancy been tenderly nursecl
by him and his companions after the slips had
been borne to the Camino Real in bundles on
the backs of tawny laborers. He described
how the trees had been planted in three rows
extending all the way from the second Mission
site to the second site of the Ptieblo San Jose,
and pointed out with his staff the courses of
the long zanjas or ditches which carried water
from the Guadalupe to the nursling willows.

"The destruction of the second Mission by
an earthcpiake in 1818 led to the selection of
the third site, on which recentl}- the imposing-
structures <if the Uni^'ersity of Santa Clara
have been reared. Of the third Mission build-
ings, the old church alone remains, and of this
church ^Marcello — still vigorous at the age of
seventy, straight as a poplar, was the over-
seer of construction. The Mission church has
undergone man}- changes and alterations, but
it still retains the original altar, the unique
Indian paintings and the impressive wooden
crucifix celebrated in Charles Warren Stod-
dard's miracle story of the sainted Magin
Catala — El Padrecito Santo : and from its ma-
jestic towers, the historic bells, presented to
Santa Clara by King Carlos V — bells, with
music ^'oices that have never faltered — still
summon the faithful to devotion, still charm
the air morning, noon and evening with their
silver}' prelude to the aspirations of the An-
gelus.

"Marcello loved these bells, and doubtless
they recalled to his memory many a face and
many a \oice and many a scene of a vanished
aged. At their ropes his stout arms had toiled
full many a time. They knelled his passage
from the house of clay ; and, if spirits of the
dead are conscious of the things done in the
abode of the quick, the soul of the chief must
find joy in the prayers that rise to heaven at
the nightly bell-call to DeProfundis.

"With tile sequestration of the Missions, the
large majority of the Indians dispersed to the
surrotmding hills and again became wedded to
the savage life. Alarcello was more fortunate
for a period, but he, too, fell from his high
estate. He was ninety-six years old wdien, in
1846, Governor Pio Pico granted him a veri-
table principality known as the Ulistac rancho,

situated between vSanta Clara and the San
iM-ancisco ISas'. It was a landed estate worthy
ol a chief, and Marcello became exceedingly
\ain of his reputed royal descent. The shadow
of war fell on the country and, when the
shadow passed, a new flag — the Stars and
Stripes — lloated over California. Then Mar-
cello, in his ignorance of law and in his blind
eagerness to obtain the wherewithal to satisfy
his cravings for worldly pleasures introduced
b}' reck'less newcomers, for a few paltry pieces
of sordid gold, signed away to a land-grabber
all his vast domain. It was then divided into
small farms, and years afterward, Marcello
was accustomed to plod from house to house
in the sovereignty he had lost, to request and
to receive food and raiment from his suc-
cessors, wdiimsically regarding such favors nrjt
as a charity but as a right.

"At the age of a hundred the chief was
forced to content himself with a humble cabin
donated by a generous farmer in a remote sec-
tion of Pio Pico's grant. In gratitude for
Marcello's early services to the Padres, and
eager to make comfortable the old chief's de-
clining days, the Jesuit Fathers of Santa Clara,
a|)prised of his hardship, in\ited him to abifle
pcrmanenthr under their roof. The big chief,
liowever, had disco^'ered an aversion for any
suggestion of celibacy. He had heard the call
of the world, as it were, and his aboriginal na-
ture was again dominant.

"Far back in Mission days, seeds of Chris-
tian virtue had been planted in the soul of
Marcello. In the half-century since the de-
struction of the Mission, that seed had been
sealed up in the dark breast of the Indian,
dry and unnurtured, like the seed in the old
church wall. For half a century the chief had
pursued the wa}- of the \\'orld in flagrant dis-
regard of Mission jirecept and example. At
length, in extreme old age, the spiritual seed,
dormant for fifty years m this son of the wil-
derness, responded to the nurturing tears of
repentance and flowered under the smile of
Divine mercy, and Marcello passed away with
the comforting hope that, in a better sphere,
he would rejoin the holy Padres in immortal
life. Ninety-eight years in the Santa Clara
\''alley must have confused Marcello's memory
with their procession of changing scenes and
characters : First, the savage gives way be-
fore the conquering Caucasian; next, the Mis-
sion rises where the wigwam stood; then, the
forests fade, and spire and dome appear, as in
a dream, and, by wdiat Ruskin terms the 'art of
kings and king of arts,' ci^■ilization conjures
falnilous riches from earth's hidden cells.

'Where stalked the bronze-skinned brave

In savage pride of power.

The pafeface treads the Indian's grave.'

284 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

"Marcello came, in 1777, a stranger to a ished, like a mighty oak, pitting its knotty

strange land, and again, at the last, in 1875, bulk against the ravages of time and the ele-

still mcire of a stranger in a land stranger than meitts — ^^'llere, for ages, his striking figure was

(if old, he crosses life's di\'ide, hopeful of rest as familiar as the gray adobes and the Spanish

after a strenuous day. The red man disap- tiles — the people of toda_v, save for a few lit-

])ears from ^ iew. The paleface garners the erar}- pilgrims gro]Mng among the dustheaps

earth and, A\'ith his monuinents of trade, nf California historv, know not that there ever

usurps the up])er spaces of the air; and where, existed such a being as Marcello, super-Indian

for nearly a century, this Indian colossus flour- of the Santa Clara Mission."

CHAPTER XXXII.

Palo Alto and Leland Stanford Jr. University — The Rapid Growth of One of
the Progressive Towns of Santa Clara County — The Location and Uses
of a Great Educational Institution.

Palo Altii, nineteen miles northwest of San was built in 1S91, the j'ear the uni\-ersity

Jose, is a city of homes. It has that air of (>])cnc(l for instruction.

.solid, substantial, quiet comfort which is the Frcjin the beginning Palo Alto has grown
ideal atmosphere of the home-loving. At the steadily. Its municipal policies have always
same time it is enlivened by the presence of a been ])rogressive and its aiTairs have been con-
great university. Its beautiful lawns and trees, servatively administered in a most thorough-
its gardens of fl(-)wers, fruits and vegetables, going, businesslike fashion. As a result a
its clean, shady streets, are elements that con- beautiful city has been built, and all that is
tribute generously to the delight and satisfac- good in a modern municipality is here. The
tion of the citizens. AVithin driving distance businesslike methods of administration are
of Palo Alto are many points of particular in- shown by the low tax rate and the low cost
terest, which are reached b}- roads through of public-ser\ice products.

valley or over mountains and f.n.thills. To Palo Alto was incorporated m 1894 and soon

these advantages are added others: an even ^stalled a municipal water svstem, a muni-

and comfortable climate, enabling one to live .-jp^i po,,,^^ p]^,.,^, and a complete sanitary

out of doors practically the year through; ,^.,,.g,. svstem. These enterprises have been

educational op])ortunities that are not ex- ccmducted with marked success and for some

celled anywhere; nearness to San _ Francisco ^.^.^rs gave a large net income. Then the

(only one _:our s ride); a variety of religious, p,,];^^. ,,.^.^g adopted of furnishing water, li-ht

CIVIC and social relatiomships. j^,„l p^^^.^^ ^^ ^,„^t^ ^^,,,-^,l^ j^^^^ resulted in the

Palo Alto is located on the Peninsula, twen- lowest rates charged by anv citv in the bay

ty-eight miles from San Francisco, /?n the region. The bonds issued for these enterprises

northern part of the famed Santa Clara Valley, are cared for from the gross income and re-

The southern arm of the Bay of San Fran- (pure no tax upon property. The actual

Cisco is two miles to the east, and on the bonded indebtedness of the citv (aside from

west, twenty nnles distant, is the Pacific the self-sustaining bonds) is only one per cent

( )cean, with the Santa Cruz Mountains rising of the assessed valuation, and the tax rate is

in forested Ijeauty between and protecting the exceptionally low. The city has acquired a

\alley from ocean fogs. municipal garbage destructor and now owns

The average summer temperature is seventy ^ municipal gas system,
degrees: that of the winter is fifty-five de- ^'he city government is based upon a spe-

grees. The nearness to the ocean prevents ^'jal charter granted by the state legislature,

extremes of cold in the winter and of heat in '^'l^^ power is centralized in the hands of a

the summer. The skies are habituallv sunny l'^'"""! "^ fifteen members holding office for

and bright all months of the year; there are "'"^ -''f''^''"' "^^'^ retiring every two years. They

not many da^-s when the sun is hidden long

er

are the only elective officers, thus insuring a

,, r 1 , J- MM ■ short ballot. This council appoints a board

than a few hours at a time. I he average rain- r , , i r r ^ i n

, ,, . ,r, - ■ 1 rr^, r r^ V^ A i "^ works, a board of safety, and a library

fall IS VJ.o inches. Ihe city .,f Palo Alto ],oard, als,, such admimstrative officers as city

owes Its existence to Stanf.ird Lmversity. ,,ierk, auditor, treasurer, police judge, attor-

With the opening of University Avenue from nev, and tax collector. The board of public

the quadrangle to the Southern Pacific Rail- w,',rks selects a city engineer, Avho, because of

way, it was recognized that here was the lo- the wide extent of his jurisdiction, is virtually

cati(jn f(jr the college city. The first house a city business manager. The board of public

1I1S'IH)R\' L)[< SANTA CLARA COUNTY

285

safety appoints the chief (if police nm] the
health officer. In the charter are pnnisiuns
for the initiative, refereiKhnn and recall.

The fire department is prn\ ided with an
auto fire and chemical engine of tlie latest de-
sig-n. P>esides the |irincipal fire hmises at the
citi- hall, there are fonr outhing- sta:ions, ea'di
furnished ^\■ith fire-fighting ap|iaratus and
manned liy ^'olnnteer companies. The Game-
well fire alarm system covers the entire mn-
nicii)al territory. The insurance companies
recogni/'e the eflicienc}" of this department bv
establi.'^hing lri\\' rates.

.\ modern iie.iUn dejiartment i-^ conducted
l>y a full-till. e health officer holding a univer-
sit_\" dcgr.-e in |uibl;c health. The department
has a \\-cll equipped laboratory for diagnosis,
and anal}'sis oi milk, water and foods. Dairy
cows are tuberculin-tested, and the milk sup-
pi}" is exceptionally clean and wholesome.
The death rate has steadily declined, in 1918
reaching the ^'er}• low rate of 6.,^ per 1.000 of
population.

A large part, aliout se\enty per cent, of the
streets of the cit^• are well paved, and side-
walks are provided on all the streets. All
sewer and water pipes are laid in advance of
^.treet work, sn that streets are not torn up
after paving is done. A model system of
>'reet lighting ser\es the entire city. The
spaces along the sidewalks are parked, and
along the front of the city the railway is bor-
dered for a mile with a mass of blossoms.
Nooks that form natural parks exist along
San Francisquito Creek, which half encircles
the citv, and a beautiful strip of twenty-five
acres bet\Aeen I'alo .\lto and Stanford campus
is leased liy the cit}-.

At least two important manufacturing con-
cerns have already recognized the town's sig-
nal advantages, and at ])resent the Boden Au-
tomatic Hammer Company is operating a suc-
cessful plant in the Stanford frrigating Tract,
one of the suburbs of Palo Alto : and the Fed-
eral Wireless Telegraph Company has erected
a large building on the strip of land between
Palo Alto and the State Highway to house
the growing business of its manufacturing en-
terprise, which has been in operation for sev-
eral years. The famous Palo Alto Stock Farm
has been reopened on Stanford land adjoining
the university, for the rearing of thoroughbred
cattle instead of horses.

Soon after the United States declared war
against Germany, Palo Alto was selected as
one of the training camps for the national
armv. After the war the camp was abandoned
and in 1920 the land was cut up into lots and
offered for sale. From Palo Alto southward
extends that wonderful fruit belt of California
known as the Santa Clara Valley. In this
territory are raised one-half of all the prunes

produced in the United States; no cither county
ill the L^nited vStates raises so many cherries
or So many apricots. Itesides these leaders
are jiroduced g"ra|ies, ])eaclies, pears, apples,
plums, ()H\es and berries on a commercial
basis. I'Vom this splendid source the resident
(j[ Palo Altd has, at jiroclucers' prices, the best
that California grows. .\11 along the penin-
sula from San Francisco southward, are great
\egetable gardens that are worked summer
and winter. Thus \egetal)les are plentiful and
fresh, and their cost is low.

Palo Alt<i is on the Coast line of the South-
ern F'acific raih\-ay, fift}- to sixty minutes from
vSan Francisco, and has. o\er twenty trains
each way daily. There are at the present time
about two hundred commuters, who do busi-
ness in San Francisco and with their families
make their homes in Palo Alto. The town is
also the terminus (jf the Peninsular interurl)an
electric line, \vitli its main line to San [ose
and branch lines to Stanford Uni\-ersity, S'ara-
toga and Los Gatos, by wa}" of Los Altos.

Inside the present city limits there are 7,000
people; the immediately contiguous suburban
centers of Stanford campus. North Palo Alto,
Ra\-enswood and Stanford Acres have not less
than ,\000 nmre; the country trilnitary to
F'alo Alto, north, south and west, \v\\[ num-
ber at least 5,000. Here, then, is the center of
a population of 15,000 people. The population
may be divided into two general classes — those
v'ho are permanently or temporarily located at
Palo Alto, to enjoy its educational and cli-
matic advantages, and those who are perma-
nciitb' engaged in business or agricultural en-
terprises. In this latter class are a great many
\\diose business or professional interests are in
San Francisco, but whose homes are in Palo
.'Mto.

The State I-jigh\\-ay has brought about au-
tomofjile transportation both for freight and
passengers, operating between Palo Alto and
San Jose and San Francisco a regular hourly
schedule.

The land between Palo Alto and the Bay of
San Francisco has great advantages for the
raising" of strawberries, celery and garden
seeds. Strawberries rijien from .Vpril to De-
ceml)er and the yield is from $600 to ,$1,000
per acre. Celery is shipped in carloads. Palo
,Alto celer\" and Palo Alto strawberries have a
special rating" for cpialit)" in the San Francisco
market reports There are immense possibili-
ties for deve!ii])ing market gardens in the
^■icinitv of Palo Alto, as it is one of the rare
spots in the world ^\"here the best grades of
^■cgetal.de and flower seeds can be grown. The
i"ir(iduction of onion seed is one of the most
profital)le industries ; s^veet peas, radishes, cel-
er\ and other seeds are grown near the city.
Farming and dair\"ing" are successfully ear-

286

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ried on. Aluch fertile land is already in orch-
ards, averaging about ten acres to a family.
Poultry raising is often combined with the
fruit industry.

The public school system of Palo Alto is
one of the chief interests of the people, with
the result tliat the schools are among the
best in the state. The city has fort3'-nine in
its teaching force, twenty-two of wdiom are
emj)lo)'ed in the high school. Five teachers
ser\e as supervisors in drawing, music, man-
ual training, domestic science and penman-
ship. There is a magnificent series of new
buildings, costing $250,000, for the Palo Alto
Union High School 'District, which includes
Stanford and IMayfield. The high school, lo-
cated as it is, adjacent to Stanford, empha-
sizes preparation for the university. In addi-
tion to this, however, pro\'ision is made for
vocational subjects, such as commercial
studies and the manual and household arts.
Four years of instruction are afforded in the
fine arts, gi^'ing four complete university
credits. The courses in languages, history,
English, mathematics and science are thor-
(iugh and complete.

The higli school is fully accredited bv" all
the universities and normal scliools on the
coast, and also by such Middle West and East-
ern institutions as the University of Michigan
and Smith College. The activities fostered by
the high school consist of athletics, dramatics,
debating, and the school pa|>er — The Madrono.

Palo Alto has a Carnegie lil^rary containing
over 10,000 A'olumes, selected by discerning
and well-trained librarians. Any person can
borrow these books upon practically the same
basis as those who live within the city limits.

The saloon and the blind pi,g have never
existed, so that the police department does
not (jccupy a prominent position in the city's
administration. In addition to provisions in
Palo Alto's city charter, every deed to land
contains a clause prohibiting the manufacture
and sale of alcoholic beverages. All leading
Christian denominations are represented: Bap-
tist organized 1893, Presbyterian organized
1893, Methodist Episcopal organized 1894. All
Saints (Episcopal) organized 1894, Christian
organized 1896, St. Thomas Aquinas (Roman
Catholic) organized 1900, First Congregation-
al organized 1900, First Church of Christ,
Scientist, organized 1900, Unitarian organized
1905. There is an active inter-church federa-
tion of the six evangelical churches.

Palo Alto has many clubs and organizations.
Among theiri might be mentioned The Wom-
an's Club of Palo Alto, the oldest of them
all, organized in 1894. Another strong organ-
ization, -wdiose membership consists of wom-
en, is the Civic League. It has been very ac-

ti\'e in all plans and projects that have had
for their object the preparation of women for
their new duties as voters and electors. The
Peninsula Club is an organization for busi-
ness and professional men; it owns its own
club house and athletic courts. The Faculty
Club is a similar institution on the Stanford
campus.

Palo Alto maintains a live Chamber of Com-
merce made up chiefly of business men. There
is also a Merchants' Credit Association. Of
the fraternal orders the following list will
speak for itself : Knights Templar, Royal Arch
Masons, Free and Accepted Masons, Order of
Eastern Star, Knights of Pythias, Indepen-
dent Order of Odd Fellows, Degree of Re-
bekah. Foresters of America, Improved Or-
der of Red Men, Degree of Pocahontas, Inde-
pendent Order of Good Templars, Indepen-
dent CJrder of Foresters, Modern Woodmen
of America, Fraternal Aid Union, Woodmen
of the World, Native Sons of the Golden West,
Grand Army of the Republic, Relief Corps,
Fraternal Brotherhood, P. E. O., Daughters of
the American Revolution, Ladies of the Mac-
calies. Alost of these fraternal orders are
housed in the Alasonic Temple, a massive
structure of artistic design, representing an
outlay of $50,000.

Palo Alto is the center of a group of colleges
and schools other than the Stanford Univer-
sity. The chief of this group is St. Patrick's
Seminary, an institution of collegiate rank,
whose ol:)ject is to prepare for the Catholic
ministry. This institution represents an out-
lay of $1,000,000 or more. It is situated on a
100-acre site almost continguous to Palo Alto's
northern boundar}', the tree-lined San Fran-
cisquito Creek. Its noble old oaks, great
palms, rose gardens, green lawns and winding
ways, furnish a never-ending source of in-
spiration to its students. This seminary is
the leading Catholic institution of its kind on
the Pacific Coast. There are five buildings of
the Renaissance style of architecture.

A short distance from Palo Alto to the
northwest, is the Sacred Heart Academy, a
Catholic preparator}' school for young ladies.
This is one of the best kno\\'n in California.
There are more than twenty teaching sisters
on its faculty list. Like the other educational
institution of the region, it has a most pleasing
site among the great green oaks.

Palo Alto has three large pri^•ate schools,
each representing investments from $40,000 to
$100,000. Two are girls' schools and one is
for bo3's. All the girls' schools are accredited by
universities and colleges. All these schools are
])rovided with fine pla3-ground facilities.

Long ago Palo Alto outgrew its original
city boundary lines, so that now there is a

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

287

North Paid Alto, South Palo Alto, a Stanford
Acres, a Stanford Park, and from the eastern
line to San Francisco Bay lies the territory of
Runn_\-niede. These suburbs are each grow-
ing surely and steadily under the foster care
of the mother town.

South Palo Alto is a beautiful home spot.
The echo of the ^\•oodman's axe has never re-
sounded among- the li^■e-l>aks of this green
domain. Here the}' are in groups, or stand-
ing alone with gnarled and weathered trunk
and huge, wide protecting branches. In com-
mon with all of the territory in and around
Palo .--Mto the character of the soil is such that
gardening or fruit-raising is a deliglit. One
can get results that make worth while the time
and effort spent. There are at present over
eighty residences in this tract. .V region of
small farms adjoins South Palo Alto. Water
distributed under jjressure for irrigation and
domestic use, is piped to each tract. The
roads and streets are macadamized, shade
trees are set out on either side of the roads
and there is electricity fi}r lighting purposes.
The soil is rich and capable of great produc-
tion, drainage is good and there are building-
restrictions requiring substantial residences to
be built. There are several fine homes built
and being built on these tracts. Acreage here
ranges from $500 to $1,000 an acre.

One of the n-iost interesting economic ex-
periments in intensive agriculture in the coun-
try is new being carried out successfulh' on
the northern boundarv- of Palo Alto. This is
the Charles Weeks poultry colon)- called Run-
nymede. A large tract of fertile, alluvial ba)-
shore land has been subdivided into acre tracts
and on these colonists ha\-e settled chiefly for
the raising of poultry under a S3'stem worked
out as the result of fourteen years' experience
bv \[v. Weeks. With fertile land, artesian
water, fine climate, good markets and near-
ness to all the advantages of high civilization
these colonists are working out the problem
of making comfortable and enjoyable living
as "little knders." With an unlimited market
for food products the extension of this colony
idea is only limited by the amount of suitable
land available for the purpose.

North Palo Alto is a newer suburb than
South Palo Alto. It lies northeast on a tract
that is gently sloping, sunny and attractive.
It has all the advantages that are necessary to

In April, 1922, the contract was awarded for
the erection of a U. S. Veterans Hospital for
$861,868. There will be eighteen buildings.
The cost of the equipment will be $292,400.

Leiand Stanford Jr., University

The highly favorable climatic and soil con-
ditions found in a beautiful landscape of green
mountains, rolling foothills, oak-bedecked val-

ley and blue and green waters of a world-
famed bay, were leading considerations in the
minds of Senator Leiand Stanford and Mrs
Jane Stanford, his wife, when in the '70s they
selected, fron.i all of California's magnificent
domain, 8000 acres to serve as their home es-
tate. This great farm they named Palo Alto
(S|)anish for "tall tree") from a huge red-
\\'ood tree standing on one corner of the es-
tate. The 8.000 tree-dotted acres of this Stan-
ford farm include land partly level, the rest
rising- into foothills of the Santa Cruz Range.
Immediately on its northeastern border is Palo
Alto and just to the east of Palo .Vlto lies San
Francisco l!ay with its miles of undeveloped
\\ater front. .Across the Pay to\'\'ers the Mt.
Diablo Range and Mt. Hamilton, the latter
rising to a height of 4400 feet and crowned
b_\- the Lick ( )bscr\atory. Here was opened
in 1891 the uni\'ersity founded in the memory
of Leiand Stanford, jr. "The children of Cali-
fornia shall be my children," said Senator
Stanford.

As prelin-iinary to the definite planning of
buildings and grounds the Stanfords traveled
the world o\-er to obtain ideas and inspirations.
As a result, there has been produced at Palo
Alto in California, a group of university build-
ings and a campus equal to the loveliest and
best the world can show. Mr. McMillan, of
McMillan's Magazine. London, uses this ex-
I)ression : "Stanford LTni\-ersity, the finest
group of buildings in the world."

Located on a campus that is co-extensive
\vith the original 8.000-acre farm, the buildings
are coinpactl}- grouj^ed in a quadrangle form.
From the group wind macadam avenues,
streets and dri\es, Palo xAlto, the arboretum,
and the farm lands, while paths ramble into
the e\er-]jeckt)ning, rolling hills. In general
effect the immediate setting is semi-tropical;
red-tiled roofs, l:)uff-colored sandstone walls,
long arcades and ccilonnades, Romanesque pil-
lar— supported arches, waving palms, mam-
moth e\ ergreen oaks, tall eucal3'ptus, bamboos,
palms, green-swarded courts, and lawns and
flowers everywhere.

The central group of buildings, consisting;
of tw(.) cjuadrangles, the one completely sur-
rounding the other, is an adaptation of mis-
sion architecture and reproduces on an impos-
ing scale the open arches, long colonnades and
red-tiled roofing of the old Spanish Missions
of California.

The inner quadrangle consists of twehe one-
stor}- buildings and the Memorial Church, con-
nected by a continuous open arcade and sur-
rounding a court .S86 feet long and 246 feet
wide, or 3j4 acres.

The fourteen t\vo-story buildings of the
outer quadrangle are of the same general style

288 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

as the inner quadrangle, with arcades on the the trustees and faculty are peculiarly free to

tiutside. The extreme lenoth of the outer estaljlish and maintain high standards of schol-

quadrangle is 894 feet. The main entrance arship and conduct among its students,
through the (Xiter quadrangle is through the 'fhe university is thoroughly non-sectarian

Memorial Court. Leading to Palo Alto, in in its religious influence. Yet the spiritual

the opposite direction is University Avenue, and moral welfare of its students is made the

This broad, ])alm-lined thoroughfare passes object of a regularly organized department,

through (jne of the world's most famous ar- 'phe world-famed Memorial Church is the cen-

horetums, comprising about 600 acres and con- ^ral and most beautiful building of the group,

taining many thousand varieties of trees and Jt jg equipped with one of the best pipe organs

shrubs, among them many rare specimens. in America. The Hopkins Marine Station is

The Leland Stanford ]r. ^lusenm contains located at Pacific Grove. A new site of nearly

the archaeological and art collections of the five acres, at Almeja Point, was secured in

university. The chemistrv building, located L)]6. A concrete building specially planned

north of the quadrangle, consists of two sepa- for the uses of the ALarine Station was erected

rate structures, the main building and the as- in 1917.

saying laboratory. South of the cpiadrangles The Stanford Union is a club house for men,

are the workshops of the engineering- depart- first projected by Herbert C. Hoover of the

ments, experimental laboratories and power class of 1895, and built by contributions from

houses. students, alumni, faculty, trustees, and friends

The b<iys' dormitory, Encina Hall, is locat- o^f the university. The LTnion was opened in

ed east of the ([uadrangles and accommodates Fe1)ruary, 1915, and is in charg^e of a board

300. The girls' dormit(')rv, Roble Hall, is west of trustees made up of two faculty mera-

of the quadrangles and' has accommodations hers, three alumni, and two undergraduates,

for 100. This is to be used in the future as The Women's Club House jirovides a social

a l-toys' dormitory also, a larger dormitory for center for the women of the university, and

women having been built near the lake. P^e- is similar in plan and construction to that

tween Encina^Hall and the main (juadrangle, of the Union. The club house was opened in

an art gallerv and the magnificent new li- February, 1915. The University Inn is a frame

1)rarv 1)uilding have just been completed. Iniildnig, o])erated as a cafeteria prmianly for

The men's gymnasium is a new structure of students living on the campus,
brick, with an open-air swimming ijool. just The Thomas A\^elton Stanford Art Gallery,

o])i)osite the football bleachers and athletic the first building of the second quadrangle

fields. The athletic fields are as complete group, was completed in 1917. This build-

and certainl)- as beautiful as those of any ing, which sets the architectural style for the

college in the \\'orld. They include three foot- new (piadrangle, has the same arched arcades

ball fields, three baseball diamonds, a cjuarter- as the original quadrangle, but the arched

mile cinder ]iath, and a great number of ten- entrances, of vrhich there are three, are high-

nis courts, kagunita affords opportunity for er and more elaborate in detail,
boating and swimming. The Library Luilding, the central unit in

Along the edge of the near foothills, just the second quadrangle group, was completed
beyond the outer cpiadrangle to the south- in 1919. The ground floor provides a read-
east, are the homes of the college community, ing room for books set apart for collateral
It is a little city by itself, with attractive reading, a department of public documents,
streets and comfortable houses, encompassed and administrati\e work rooms. On the main
b}' luxuriant u/ees, shrubs, flowers, and lawns. rt(jor are the deliver}- hall, the large reference
Alvarado Row, facing Encina Hall, Salvatierra and reading rooms, a browsing room, a peri-
Street, with its leafy i)rotection of o\er-spread- odical room, the card catalogue, and the ad-
ing elms, and Lasuen Street, known as Era- nnnistrative rooms; on the mezzanine and top
ternity Row, are the principal streets. In ad- floors, a large study room, and smaller rooms
dition to these main thoroughfares, there are of varying "sizes for seminary and s])ecial re-
several .short streets that lead up into the search' work.

foothills, where attractive homes have been The mam buildings of the Medical Depart-

Iniilt on sightly knolls. ment in San Francisc(.) occupy f(.)ur fifty-vara

The Leland Stanford |r. Uni\'ersity is un- kits bounded by Clay, Sacramento, and Web-
like oher great universities of the world in ster streets. The Clinical and Laboratory
manv other ways than its architectural and Iluilding, including Lane Hall and Lane Hos-
campus features. With an endowment esti- pital, is a modern building in brick and stone,
mated at about $30,000,000, not forced to de- with a capacity of one hundred and eighty
pend upf)n an_v political system nor upon tu- beds. The Lane Medical Library is situated
ition fees t)i stuclents for its sup])()rting funds, on the corner of Sacramento and Webster

HIv'^TORY OF vSANTA C1,ARA COUNTY

289

streets, opposite the Clinical ami Laboratory
lUiilding;. The library is a fireproof struc-
ture of Colusa sandstone, tliree and a half
stories high, with steel stacks accommodat-
ings 60,000 volumes. The Stanford Univer-
sity Hospital, completed in 1917, is a con-
crete structure with a capacity of one hundred
and thirty beds.

The use of alcohc^lic liquors is absolutely
prohibited in all student lodging-houses
whether on the campus or elsewdiere. The
health department enforces stringent regula-

tions as regards the sanitary arrangements
in all places where students live. Hospital
ser\ice for a nominal fee is available for
those who may need such service.

There were 21,35 students and 310 members
of the faculty at vStanford, according to the
1920 registration. ]3r. Ray Uyman Wilbur is
the president and there are over 300 mem-
Ijcrs of the faculty and instructors.

In 1921 a stadium capable of seating 65,000
people \\'as built.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

Los Gatos, the Gem City of the Foothills and Its Lovely Environs — The
Gateway of the Valley — Gilroy, the Thriving Little City at the Southern
End of the County — Attractions and Advantages

Los Gatos, the "Gem City of the Foot-
hills," is in the most delightful part of the
most delightful California County — Santa
Clara. The position of the town is rich in
commanding views, is sheltered from winds
and fog ami is surrounded by fertile lands. It
is a peerless city for homes, just the place for
those who want to withdraw from the heat
and glamour of city life, either permanently
or at the end of the week, to enjoy the witch-
erv of entrancing surroundings.

Los Gatos has a rare asset in its comfort-
able and exhilarating climate, which is in ev-
ery way, conducive to health and longevity.
Tlie thermometer rarely goes below the freez-
ing point, or above eighty-five degrees Fahren-
heit, although there have been a few days of
record-breaking heat. By record-breaking
heat some such figure as ninety-eight is meant,
but the drvness of the atmosphere and the
ever-present coolness of the shade and the
night prevent sunstroke or other discomforts
such as characterize Eastern summers. The
absence of extreme temperature and exces-
sive moisture, the prevalence of cool nights
and the absence of malaria, render the air
healthful and exhilarating the year round.
While mean temperatures are often misleading
it may be said that the mean of Los Gatos,
made up from a long series of equable days,
is fifty-eight the year through.

The rainy season usually begins in Octo-
ber and ends in May, but during this sea-
son the bright and cheerful days outnumber
those of cloudiness and rain. There is an
absence of lightning and violent winds. From
June to October there is seldom even a show-

er. There are usually more than 250 sunny
days in a year.

The Federal AN^eather Bureau reports the
following facts : The altitude of Los Gatos
is 600 feet. The a\'erage temperature dur-
ing twenty-four jears was fifty-eight and one-
tenth. The lowest temperature during that
period ^vas twenty-eight. The total number
of rainy days in 1910 was fort_y-five. The
average temperature for January was forty-five
and ime-tenth ; July, sixty-six and six-tenths.
The coldest day of the year showed twenty-
nine degrees, and the last serious frost was
on Fel^ruary 2. The date shows that a long
growing season, free from frost, is the heritage
of the valley. The rainfall at Los Gatos from
1886 to 1915 averaged thirty inches a year,
being ample for all purposes of health and
agriculture. The average annual velocitj' of
the wind is only seven miles an hour.

Besides the superb advantage of being in
the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains,
Los Gatos is situated at the mouth of a beau-
tiful canyon, part of the town l.^dng on one
side, part on the other, of Los Gatos Creek.
The knolls are favorite building places and
most of the lots lie at an elevation of from
400 to 800 feet above sea level, while some
of the elevations in the background run as
high as 2,000 feet, these being near the sum-
mits, past which modern highways have been
and are being constructed to afford motor
parties some of the grandest views in Cali-
fornia. The foothills and the mountains form
a delightful ampitheater about the town, open-
ing out to the floor of the valley on the north.
These foothills shelter the town from winds
and fogs, prevent the frosts of the lowlands

290

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

and make the nights of summer a dehght.
Los Gates is ten miles from San Jose and
the distance to the ocean at Santa Cruz is
only t\vent3'-five miles.

Los Gatos is peculiarly favored in the mat-
ter of good roads. A branch of the $18,000,-
000 State Highway, entering Santa Clara
County at the Alameda Count}- line and pass-
ing through Milpitas and San Jose, proceeds
frcim the latter city to Los Gatos, thence up
the Los Gatos. Can}'on and across the coun-
ty line to Santa Cruz. This roadway offers
a highway between San Francisco and Oak-
land of almost 140 miles. The branch of the
State Highway is of the greatest importance
to Los Gatos. It is a fine road of eas)' grade,
well maintained by state funds. It gives
access to the Santa Cruz Mountains in gen-
eral, and carries the great bulk of the travel
to Santa Cruz. It is also the favorite route
for visitors to the Big Basin and California
Redwood Park.

Los Gatos is within easy reach of a num-
ber of points of interest to tourists and resi-
dents as well. San Jose, as has been stated,
is only ten miles away and is reached by the
Southern Pacific system of steam cars and also
by the excellent electric service of the Pen-
insular Railway Company. Stanford LTniver-
sity is onl}' sixteen miles away and is reached
over the electric svstem and by the South-
ern Pacific. The New Almaden Quicksilver
Mines are tweh-e miles distant, while the
Guadalupe Quicksilver Mine is half that far.
Congress Springs is reached by the electric
line and is six miles from Los Gatos.

The following points are also of interest:
Alma Soda Spring — four miles, drive ; Big
Trees, Redwoods — nineteen miles, steam rail-
way or drive; Big Basin Park — about thirty
miles, steam railway and stage; Lick Observa-
tory, Mount Hamilton — thirty-six miles, stage
from San Jose ; Alum Rock Park — eighteen
miles, electric railways; Santa Cruz, or Monte-
rev Ba}' — twenty-five miles by steam railway ;
seaside resorts all around the bay, including
Monterey and Pacific Grove. Los Gatos is
the starting point and finish of the famous
Twenty-seven Mile Drive, one of the grand-
est scenic mountain drives in the world.

Excellent lands, fit for a wide variety of
uses, are adjacent and within easy reach of
Los Gatos, for good roads make every part
of the territory accessible to the husband-
man. More than three hundred miles of the
county's roads are either sprinkled or oiled
every summer. Almost every kind of fruit will
grow in the fertile areas adjacent to the town,
the wide range including apples, pears, apri-
cots, cherries, peaches, olives, plums, prunes,
almonds, walnuts, limes, oranges, lemons,

pomelos and nectarines. The grape product is
large. Both table and wine grapes thrive ev-
erywhere in the vicinity. Bee-keeping, the
poultry business, and dair3'ing are important
industries.

Fruit-raising is the prime industry of this
part of the state. To care for the crops there
are many large dr3dng plants and the Hunt
Brothers' up-to-date cannery. This establish-
ment turns out almost 3,000,000 quarts of
canned fruit each year. When running un-
der normal conditions, in the summer, it em-
plo}'s from 350 to 400 persons. It turns out
about 40,000 cases of apricots and the same
numlxtr of peaches each year. There are also
a number of well-equipped drying-plants.
Those of Hume Company, H. D. Curtis, the
Los Gatos Cured Fruit Compan}-, and Gem
Citv Packing Cr)mpany, all heavv operators.

The famous Glen L^na prune ranch is an ex-
amjile of what can be done on a large scale.
This superb jjroperty is close to Los Gatos,
lying seven hundred feet a1J0^■e sea-level, far
above the frost belt. It consists of 700 acres,
about half of which is orchard, principally
prunes. J. D. Farwell, manager of the ranch,
says it has 3ielded as high as 1,100 tons of
prunes in one season. Since it was planted.
Some 3-ears ago. it has produced prunes to
the value of $750,000.

Within the last decade miles of cement side-
^^■alks ha\'e been ])nt in, also an efficient sewer
s3-steni and an up-to-date gas and electric
plant. Educational interests are well repre-
sented in I^os Gatos. There is a fine high school
and a well-equipped grammar school. Stu-
dents can pass from the senior 3'ear at the
high school to any of the universities close
at hand.

The Mcintezuma Home Ranch school in the
Santa Cruz Mountains near Los Gatos is
unique. It is a school for bo3-s and the man-
agement takes special pains in ministering to
the physiological needs of the growing child.
It provides shops, gardens, outdoor advantages,
an agricultural course and one in engineering.
The Novitiate of the Sacred Heart is far-
famed for its beauty and equipment. It is a
training and boarding school wdiere young
men are trained for the priesthood.

Religious denominations are well represent-
ed. The churches are numerous, well ap-
])ointed, and well attended. Visiting ministers
of note are often heard in the local pulpits.
Most of the secret and fraternal orders that
thrive thrcmghout the United States have
lodges in Los Gatos. The women of the
town maintain a numl:)er of useful clubs, both
social and educative. The Los Gatos History
Clul) owns its Ijuilding. Another interesting
organization is the Foothill Club. The Trail

HISTORY OF SANTA CUARA COUNTY

291

Club travels over the mmmtains. It already
boasts of six trails to Loiiia Prieta.

The iinancial interests of Los Gatos are
looked after and represented by the Bank of
Los Gatos, which has a commercial and a sav-
ings department, and by the First National
Bank of Los Gafos. ( )ne weekly newspaper —
The Mnil-News — ministers to the local news
field, and its owner takes pride in fostering
everv interest and enterprise that makes for
the upbuilding of the community.

It Avas a wonderful tribute to Los Gatos
when the Odd Fellows of the state selected
a site on a sightly eminence for their great
Odd Fellows' Home. IMore than eighty eligible
sites were carefully examined before this se-
lectitm was made. Los Gatos won by reason
of general desirability from a scenic and cli-
matic point of view, also because of transpor-
tation facilities, proximity to markets, and
healthfulness.

The same reason has led a number of weal-
thy men and women from many parts of the
world to select Los Gatos for their home ; ei-
ther permanently or for certain seasons. The
names of many wealthy persons might be cit-
ed, persons able to go anywhere their fan-
cies might direct, but they wisely chose Los
Gatos.

In 1918 a pageant given out of doors was
the means of attracting thousands of people
the the Gem City. In 1920 there was an-
other pageant produced on a larger scale than
the first one. It was in the form of a play,
"The Californian," and was written by AVilbur
Hall, a noted short-story writer, who has made
his home in Los Gatos.' There was a prologue
and an epilogue and eight episodes and the
play was given before an immense crowd of
spectators on each of the two evenings, June
18 and 19. Among the notables present were
Gov. William D. Stephens, Gertrude Atherton,
Mrs. Ruth Comfort Mitchell Young, Flelen
Hoyt, John D. Barry and Mrs. Fremont Older.
After witnessing the first performance Gov.
Stephens said : "As an illustration of history
the pageant was the finest thing I have ever
witnessed. The entertainment as a whole was
well worth going any distance to see. The
story is well told, well staged and is a tribute
to Mr. Hall."

The pageant is in eight episodes, divided by
a festival interlude into two movements. The
San Jose Mercury in its report says : "It pre-
sents in dramatic spectacle the vital moments
in the history of the commonwealth. The
acoustics in the natural amphitheater where
the pageant was given are remarkable, every
word of the actors being plainly audible to
the last rows of seats. And with a dusky
canopy overhead, brilliant with a million stars,

the rugged setting and faithful costuming of
the jdayers went to make up a vivid glimpse
into the past, reflecting credit both on Mr.
Hall and on the city of Los Gatos."

The following ])ersons appeared in the cast:
Prologue — The Californian, J. M. Church Wal-
ker. Episode one — Musonotoma, Stella Al-
lampress ; Tokkoko, Vincent Duffey ; William
Markham, Charles J. .Mickelson ; Onalik, Wil-
lis ]lul)bell; Sir Francis Drake, Eugene
Rounds; Finle_\', J. G. Hobbie ; Wininu, the
chief, Cdeen Curtis, Drake's soldiers and sail-
ors, Wiwok Indians.

lipisode two — Captain Vincente Markham,
John Clark; Figueroa, Arthur Bassett; Caspar
de Portcda, K. L. Thomas; Father Crespi, H.
E. Pearson ; Jose, a boy, Joseph Barbano ; Cap-
tain Perez. A. L. Frickson; Father Junipero
Serra, R. B. Newbre ; Dona Ysal)el ^Markham.
Eleanor Ham. Spanish soldiers and sailors;
priests ; Indians.

Episode three — Governor Pablo de Sola,
Fred F. Wells; Senor Mateo Markham, Mar-
tin Le Fexre ; Senorita Juana, Thelma Spring-
er : her duenna, Mrs. C. C. Lasley ; Don Ros-
enda Peralta, W. A. Piatt; Don Felix Verdu-
go, J. C. \A^akefield ; Commandante, Neal Mc-
Grad}- ; Canon Augustin de San Vincente, R.
D, Hartman.

Episode four — Mrs. Alarkham, Mrs. W. A.
Piatt; Luke Markham, Henry Crall ; General
Guadalupe Vallejo, E. M. Barton; Ezekiel
Merrill. E. E. Gessler ; Dr. Semple, William M.
Bolstad. William B. Ide, O. H. Thomas; army
lieutenant, E. H. Jilelvin.

Episode fi\'e — Kelsey, an immigrant, J. E.
Norton ; Mrs. Tucker, Miss Ella Shove ; Cap-
tain Tucker, George H. AVhite ; Mary Tucker,
Georgia Edwards: John Tucker, AA'alter Ed-
wards ; Captain John Sutter, A. E. Yoder ;
Doctor, Dr. L. A. Frarj' ; Elizabeth Jordon,
Rachel Riggs.

Episode six — Peter Winimer, Jesse O'Neil;
Jas. W. Marshall, Louis Fetsch ; Jennie Wim-
mer, Mrs. Egan C. AVells ; Jim Brodie, Dell
Linz.

Episode seven — San Brannan, Dr. Louis
Boonshaft ; John C. Hays, sheriff, J. M. Gor-
man ; James D. Farwell, vice-chairman of Vigi-
lantes, James D. Farwell, Jr. ; clerk, Herbert
Roberts: prosecutor, Fred Berryman, Sr. ; de-
fender, N. I. Wilder.

Episode eight — AVatchman. E. H. Norton;
Judge Nathaniel Bennett, J. S. Troxell. Epi-
logue—The Gloria, Blanche M. Lidley.

Gilroy

Gilroy, one of the most thriving and beau-
tiful little cities of Santa Clara County, is lo-
cated at the southern end of the valley, about
thirty miles from San Jose. It is on the

29:

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

State Highway, which runs through the south-
ern coast counties to Los Angeles. The first
settler was John Gilro}', who arrived at Mont-
erey about 1813. He struck a midshipman,
and upon being reprimanded, he escaped
punishment by fleeing to the Santa Clara Val-
ley, settling in San "^'sidro. In 1821 he mar-
rid a daughter of Ignacio Ortega and upon
Ortega's death received a large portion of the
San Ysidro Rancho. He served many years
as alcalde of the district and in 1846 was made
a justice of the peace by Commodore Stock-
ton. In his last years he A\'as in want. He
died in Juh", 1869, aged 76 years.

The second settler \\as Philip D()ak, who
was a Ijlock and tackle maker on a whaler.
He came into the valley in 1821.

INIatthew Fellom was the third settler. He
landed from a whaler at a Russian settlement
in 1822 and finding his way to the Santa
Clara \'alle>- in 182,^, acquired a portion of
the San Ysidro tract. He died in 187,3 and
was the grandfather of James Fellom, the
popular no^•elist, who resides in San Jose. The
first house was erected Jjy James Houck in
1850. It was a small roadside inn and stable,
intended for accommodations of tra^•elers be-
tween San Jose and Monterey. It was built of
split redwood and ^^•as situated to the north of
Lewis Street. The next building was on Lewis
Street, near ^lonterey Street and was used as
a store by Lucian Everett. This was soon
followed Iiy a house built by John Eigelberry.
The first hotel in the town was built liy Da-
\n\ Holloway in the winter of 1853-54. It was
quite a pretentiuus structure and stood bet-
ween Lewis Street and Martin's Lane. About
the same time Da^'id Holloway opened a black-
smith shop and Eli Reynolds put up a build-
ing for a saddler's shop. In 1851 a postoffice
was estal)lished with James Houck as post-
master. In 1852 the first school was opened.
It continued one season. In 1853 a school
building was erected by suliscription. The
teacher \\'as Mr. Jackson and the trustees were
AY R. P)ane and Dempsey Jackson.

The first Protestant religious services were
held in 1852 at the residence of W. R. Bane.
They were conducted by Rev. Mr. Anthony
(if the jMethodist Episcopal Church. In 1853
Rev. J. T. Cox of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, South, organized a congregation and
held services in the schoolhouse. In 1854 a
church was built at a cost of $1,000. Both
the schoolhouse and the church have been re-
jilaced by handsome modern buildings.

In 1867, F. S. Rogers, a dentist, opened an
office, and in 1868 James C. Zuck established
the first lawyer's office in the town. Zuck and
Rogers formed a partnership for conducting
a real estate business. They purchased five
acres in the northwestern part of town and

sold it quickly as town lots. Twenty acres
more on Monterey Street, near the center of
town, were purchased from John Eigelberry
and sold in the same manner. W. L. Hoover
then came into the firm and thirty acres more
land, on the east side of Monterey Street,
were jjurchased from L. F. Bell, cut up into
lots and sold.

On February 18, 1868, the town was incor-
jiorated under the laws of the state and named
(jilroy. On March 7 of the same year an elec-
tion for t(3wn officers was held and the follow-
ing \vere chosen : Trustees, John C. Looser,
William Hanna, Frank Oldham, Jacob Ein-
stein, Jacob Reither; treasurer, H. Wangen-
heim ; assessor, James ^mgel ; marshal, A. W.
Hubbard. The assessor failed to qualify and
H. D. Coon was appointed in his stead. J. M.
Keith ^vas a])pointed town clerk. In March,
1870, an act was passed by the legislature in-
corporating Gilroy as a city, with the govern-
ment vested in a mayor, city marshal and ex-
oflicio tax collector, a city clerk and ex-officio
assessor, and a city treasurer. At the first
regular election in May, 1870, the following
officers ^vere elected: J. I\I. Browne, mayor;
M. Einstein, treasurer; Geo. T. Clark, clerk;
M. (^ira)-, marshal ; councilmen, William
Hanna, Jacob Reither, J. B. Morey, C. K.
Farley, A\^illiam Isaac, Volney Floward.

A great obstacle to the prosperity of the city
was the question of title to the land on which
it was situated. The oA\'nership of the land
was an undivided interest in the Los Animas
Rancho, an early Spanish grant. The rancho
had never been partitioned and there was an
uncertainty as to where any particular holder
might be located when the diiTerent interests
^\•ere set off. This state of affairs was a source
of great annoyance, as it practically clouded
all the titles in the city and vicinity. Many
meetings for consultation were held. The
matter culminated January 3, 1879, when
Henry Miller, the largest owner in the rancho,
filed a complaint in partition. The defendants
\vere all the other owners and numbered over
one thousand. The court, after hearing, ap-
pointed County Surveyor Herrmann, J. M.
Battee and H. M. Leonard as commissioners
to survey and set off to each owner his in-
terest in the tract. It required several years
to accomplish this work and it was not until
June, 1886, that the final decree Avas filed.
This settled for ever the question of title and
each owner of proj^erty in Gilroy has now a
claim to his property that is indisputable.

Since the settlement of title Gilroy has
grown rapidly. Within the municipal limits
the population is over 3,000, but more than
7,000 ])eople make use of it as a business cen-
ter of a rich and productive territory. The

HISTORY OK SANTA CLARA COUNTY

293

country about is devoted to the production of
prunes and i_)ther fruits, berries, vesjetaliles
and alfalfa, to dairying, cattle, hog and chicken
raising, and to large seed farms.

Excellent schools, good stores, churches,
lodges, clubs, beautiful shady streets and the
advantages of a live town are afforded Gilroy.
Its \\ater and lighting systems are municip-
ally owned, it is the commercial center nf
the southern end of the valley and h;is a fine
future for development. It has man\' up-to-
date buildings, including two banks, a fine
cit}' hall and a new high school. There is a
strong and eliicient fire department, se\'eral
good hotels and a fine puldic library. The
Chamber of Commerce has been a most active
agency in the upbuilding of that section and
is regarded as one of the most energetic or-
ganizations in the connt\-.

Gilroy's streets are broad, lined with shade
trees and bordered ^^-ith cement walks and
well-kept la\^•ns \\-ith flowers and shrubliery
in profusion. The high school occupies a
building which cost $40,000 and has ten acres
of land for playgrounds and agricultural pur-
poses. Adjoining the school tract is a citv
park. There is a good se^\•er svstem witii
septic tanks and filter beds. The Odd Fel-
lows and Rebekahs Orphans' Home is lo-
cated here. There is a large cannery, two
packing houses, a strawberry plant (estab-
lished in 1918), a dehydrating plant, natural
ice plant, a creamery, planing and feed mills,
two newspapers, the Advocate and the Gazette.
se\'en churches, machine shops and garages.

A building boom was inaugurated in 1921.
First, an I. O. O. F. Orphans' Home ^vas er-
ected at a cost of $250,000. It replaced a
wooden structure erected in 1897. At the ded-
icatory exercises, October 19, 1921, a bronze
tablet to the memory of the late Mrs. Mar\'
Donaho, who lost her life in a San Francisco
fire, was unveiled. Mrs. Donaho left a fund
for the furnishing of the assembh^ hall. Then
followed the building of a new theater, the
Strand, at a cost of $100,000, two large hotels,
a ^Masonic Temple, costing $125,000, and a
number of costly business houses.

The climate of Gilroy and vicinit_v cannot
be excelled an)'where. The a\'erage tempera-
ture in July is sixty-five degrees and in Jan-
uary fifty degrees. This slight difference be-
tween summer and ^"^•inter insures fresh vege-
tables and flowers every month in the year and
fresh strawberries for ten months. Nearl}'
three-fourths of the days throughout the year
are clear and sunshiny, making the section
a natural sanitarium as well as an ideal place
for ranch and residence purposes. The soil is

di\ersified from a light gravelly loam to a
hea\ y, deep black sediment. The annual rain-
lall is abiiut twenty inches, and is ample for
e\erytliing except alfalfa, berries, \egetables
and lawns.

Prunes are the sta])le crop, a ver^' large part
of the \'alley being in prune orchards and
more being planted every year. Excellent
table grapes are ])roduced here in aliundance,
and a large acreage is planted to blackberries,
logan])erries, raspberries and strawberries, all
of \\'hich gro\v luxuriantly and produce most
profitable crops. Considerable general farm-
ing is still done, althmigh most of the valley
has Ix'en made into orchards, vineyards and
dairies. Artesian w;iter is found o\er a large
section south and east of Gilrciy, nearly all of
\\'hich is given o\'er to dair^'ing and nearly
e\er}' dair}- has a large acreage of alfalfa and
its own cheese factor}-. A few large farms are
devoted entirelv to raising garden, T,-egetable
and flower seeds. Excellent tobacco is pro-
duced near Gilroy. ,\t the Panama-Pacific In-
ternational Expt)siticin a gold medal was
awarded for leaf to1)acco and cigars made from
toliacco grown in this section of the valley.
Poultry and egg raising pay well and stock
raising is an extensi\-e and ver}- profitable in-
dustr}'. Frcim 400 to 450 carloads of live stock
are shi|)ped from Gilrov everv A^ear.

C)n either side of tlie \'alley, which at Gilro}'
is fi\'e miles wide, are a series of foothills,
practicalh' free from frost, these areas being
devoted to the raising of apricots and other
early fruits and lemons, which do remarkably
well. Higher up on the west side are low
mountains covered with beautiful redwoods.
All through these mountains, in the canyons,
are excellent camping places. Red\\-ood Re-
treat, a popular summer resort, also ]Magic
Springs and the summer homes of Llovd Os-
borne. Henry ^Miller, and others, are located
in these mountains. Through these moun-
tains, in a direct line, it is only fifteen miles
from (jilroy to the coast. In the mountains
on the east side of the valley are Ir.cated the
Gilrciy Hot Springs, noted as a health resort,
and a short distance farther ncirth are the
!Madrone Springs.

Other small villages in the southern end of
the county are San Ysidro (Old Gilrov), de-
voted to dair^'ing and \'egetable raising; San
Felipe, where tobacco raising was for years
successfully pursued ; Rucker, a statiijn on the
Southern Pacific, where fruit culture is a spe-
cialty; Sargent's Station, six miles south of
Gilroy, and a favorite jiicnic resort, and Solis,
an agricultural and fruit district in the west-
ern foothills.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

Other Growing Towns in Santa Clara County — Change From Grain Field to
Thriving Community — The Progress of the Towns in the Fruit Districts
— Ambrose Bierce's Life — Tragic Adventure With a California Lion.

Sunnyvale, fifteen years old, was Ijuilt on
A\'hat was once a grain field. It is eight miles
west of San Jose and is on the main line of
the Southern Pacific Railway. Today, there
is a hustling, ^vide-awake town which is grow-
ing hy leaps and bi~)unds. There are factories,
canneries, splendid business houses, a first
class grammar school, a bank, several
churches, two lumber ^'ards. two garages, and
a live Chamber of Commerce. The manufac-
turing industries represent an outlay of over
$1,000,000. It A\'as incorporated December 24,
1912. Among the industries are the fol-
lo^ving :

The Joshua Hendy Iron Works is the pio-
neer foundry of California, the launching of
which dates back to 1856. It A\-as not, how-
ever, until 1906 that operations were begun in
Sunny\-ale. So extensive have these opera-
tirins been that scores of men are gi^'en year-
round emplriymcnt. ^vlining machinery is one
iif the chief iiutputs, altliough thcv are making
marine steam engines, steering engines, ^\'arp-
ing engines, and ship fittings for the Govern-
ment. .All kinds of cast iron castings and all
t}'pes r)f machine work are also ably cared for.
The dail}- casting cajjacit}- rif the foundr^' is
thirt}' trnis. Orders from India. China. South
.Vmerica. and many (ither foreign ports have
lieen filled. It was indcerl a lucky clav for
Sunny\"ale when the Ilend)- Iron Works lo-
cated here. It was equally fortunate for the
iron V'-r)rks to find, near San Krancisco, so de-
sirable a location. Sunnvvale pulls for and gets
the big things that are to be passed out.

The" firnT of Libby,:\IcXeil & Libby, well
known throughriut the United States, operates
the }'car round, and has perhaps the most ex-
tensi\"e plant on the coast. They emplov a
large number of heljters, many of \vhiim own
their homes and are getting real enjoyment
out of life.

The Juljilee Incubator Company is the pio-
neer manufacturing plant of Sunnyvale, it
ha\'ing been' established some si.xteen years
ago, althriugh for forty years incubator c(m-
struction has been Mr. Besse's favorite pas-
time. The Jubilee Incubator and the Jubilee
P,rooder have been made famous because of
their hot-\vater system, and they are not only
shipped into every state in the Union, but Aus-

tralia, New Zealand, Japan, Africa, China and
other foreign countries have ordered lil3erally.

With a season beginning early in ]\Iay and
running until nearly the close of the year, the
Sunnyvale Canneries give employment to from
200 to 250 persons. The season of 1922 is
looked forward to as the banner season, and
to that end extensive planning has been done.

The Three Leaf Cot Manufacturing Com-
pany is one of the interesting manufacturing
companies of the Pacific Coast, giving delight-
ful em])loyment to a large number of people,
and turning out a finished product that is eag-
erlv sought far and Avide — that of a bed, a
chair, a table, and a settee, all in one, com-
l:)ineil \\-ith a cijllapsible folding tent, thus mak-
ing camp life a pleasure, picnicing a dream,
and an o\ erland trip an ideal outing. A girl
can set up the entire outfit unaided.

Ninet}--fiA'e per cent of the output of the
Hydro-Carbon Companies is exported, paint
oil and mineral turpentine' being the chief
products. Added to this is the famous rubljer
oil waterproofing for auto tops — a commodity
that is winning favor wherever introduced.

The Rumely Products Company operates
twentv-six liranches in the Lmitcd States and
manv in f(")reign countries. The one in Sunny-
\ale furnishes a distributing poin.t for Cali-
fornia, .-Vrizona, Nevada, and New Mexico, and
is caring for the business in a highly credita-
ble manner. Mr. W. Reineke, tlie superin-
tendent, has been avcU schooled in Rumely
Products, which fact can be duly attested by
the increased lousiness. The claim of the corn-
pan}- is that "20,000 farmers saA-e all their grain
by using Rumely Ideal Sejiarators."

There is one of a chain of many of the Cali-
fornia Packing Corporation's plants located
in Sunnyvale, and so strongly is it officered
and financed that it is always regarded as a
real contender in the race for supremacy. The
])roducts of this plant wherever introduced,
have, Ijy popular vote, lieen placed among the
foremost in their line.

A man (;)nce said: "I know there's money,
and plenty of it, in poultry, for I have put lots
of it in, and as I never got it out, I know it's
still there." Mr. E. A. Lodge, manager and
oAvner of the Peljble Side Poultry Farm,
knows, too, that there is plenty of money in

HIS1\")RV OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

295

poultry, lor he is getting it out every tlay,
and seeing is believing. Perhaps there is no
greater seetion in California for successful
poultry raising than in and around Sunnyvale.

J. Fred llolthouse, a life-time resident of
Sunn}-\ale, and whose stud_\- has e\'er been
along the line of inipro\ed pumping methods,
is the builder ui the most complete puniping
plant systems that are in use toda-\'.

'i\i meet the demands of a rapidl)- growing
coinmunit)-, men \vith keen \'ision have
launched into the dr\- goods business, clothin"-
business, grocery business, nieat business,
hotel and rooming house business, restaurant
business, hardware business, drug business, as
well as furniture, electrical supplies, feed and
fuel, bicycle, plumbing, Idacksmithing — in
short, Sunn_\-\-ale is a ^-eritable bee hi\-e of
industry.

In the matter of churches Sunnvvale is rep-
resented by the Baptists, Congrega'.ionalists,
Catholics, Episcopalians and Methodists. A
free municipal librar}- \\-as established by the
good women of the W. C. T. U. soon after
Sunnyvale sprang- into existence, and was
taken oxer l.iy the own after an organization
Avas perfected. A very large selection of choice
books are at the disposal of the residents, in-
cluding the country circulating librarv. Nearlv
ever}' known order is represented here, and the
individiial who bears the proud distinction of
Ijeing a "jiner," can have some place to go
ever}- night in the week, where he finds diver-
tisement frum his dail}- grind at the old tread
mill. The mox-ies, tc-)0, contribute their full
quota in the way uf entertainment, the best
and ui)-to-the-minute reels alone being shown.
The show house is a good one, well ventilated,
ably managed, and a real oasis in the desert
to many. Sunnyvale has one newspaper, the
Standard, published b}- A. T. Fetter. The
town's latest improvement is a new packing-
house built l3}- the California Prune and Apri-
cot Growers. Inc. It is one the line of the
Southern Pacific Railroad.

In 1920 the South Shore Port Company,
with eight}' directors in Santa Clara County,
made ready to finance and engineer the pro-
ject of obtaining a direct waterwa}- for the
transportation of the products raised m the
valley. Several sites \vere examined and sel-
ection was finall}- made of Jagel's Landing, a
few miles north of Sunnyvale. Work was be-
gun in lulv, 1920, and will be completed this
year (1922). An immense dredger was pro-
cured and a canal two miles long with a basin
300x600 feet at the landing was started and is
now nearly completed. Boats of 500 tons will
operate in the port and will act as feeders of
large boats which sail from San Francisco.
This waterway will connect three of the rich-

est \-alley in the State — the Sacramento, San
Ji>aquin and Santa Clara. The officers of the
company are: Paul H. Fretz, president; R. B.
Roll, C.eorge jagel, Jr.; secretary, C. T. Stow-
ell; treasurer, \V. McLaughlin.

Campbell

Campbell is located in the heart of the or-
chard district fnur miles southwest of San
Jose and reached by the Southern Pacific and
the Peninsular railways. It has the distinc-
tion of fostering the largest drying plant in
the World, \\-here twenty-five thousand trays
<if fruit can be ])laced on the ground at one
time. It is proud of its three canneries and its
dried fruit packing houses, which send to the
markets of the world the finished products in
fruits of the Santa Clara Valley.

The town was established in 1887 by Ben-
jamin Campbell, \\\\o cut up his 167 acres in
lots and small farms and sold them. This
area was afterward extended and the ranches
heretofore g-i\'en over to grain ^vere planted
in fruit, prunes and apricots, mainly. The
town gre\\- rapidly and now has a population
of about 1200. It has two banks, a lumber
mill and }ard, an improvement society, three
churches (Methodist, Congregational and
Catholic), Coiuity AA'oman's Club, Home and
School Clul\ a tiiwn librar}' and a branch of
the county librar}-, fire department, and a main
street of up-to-date business houses. Two
miles from town, at Vasona, is a pit crushing
plant. Last but not least Campbell has four
grammar schools and a union high school. The
latter accommodates the children of Hamilton,
Cambria, San Tomas and Campbell school
districts. There is one newspaper. The Press,
published by Harry Smith.

The section is most highly developed. The
dr}-ing plant is a cooperative institution, the
farmers bringing in their crops to be dried.
The elevation of the town is 200 feet. The
land rises about 100 feet in each three niiles
from the trough uf the A'alley to the base of
the hills. This, together with sexeral creeks
which fli-)w northward in deep cuts, atTords
ample drainage to the whole section The
slope also permits of a slight air drainage and
makes the section less frosty than the land
further east. That this is an understood fact
is evidenced by the planting of sexeral small
lemon orchards near the t(-)wn.

Cupertino

Directly west of San Jose and Meridian is
Cupertino, on the Saratoga and Mountain
\'iew road. Good roads extend in all direc-
tions. It is on the line of the electric road
from Los Altos to Los Gatos and also has di-
rect electric railway connection with San Jose,

296 HISTORY (3F SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ten miles distant. In the town are located a ern foothills and is bounded on the north by

general merchandise store, a real estate of- Alameda Count}' and on the south by the

fice, a union church. Catholic church and an Berryessa and Alviso sections. It came into

r)dd Fellows hall. To the east, south and existence in 1856 when Frederick Creighton

west the fruit ranches are crowded together. erected the first Iwilding and opened a store.

The soil is fertile and the principal crops are A postoffice was also established at the time

])runes and apricots. The town has a rural \\ith Creighton as postmaster and J. R. Weller

free deli\ery, a drier and fruit Avarehouse, as assistant. In 1857 the first hotel was

and nearby, at A\'est Side, a packing com- o])ened by James Kinney, who was succeeded

pany and drier. There is a library, an im- by A. French. The building was destroyed

provement club. Odd Fellows, Rebekahs, b}- fire in 1860, Intt it was rel)uilt Iiy French

Woodmen of the AVorld and King's Daugh- and conducted by him until his death, over

ters lodges, and an up-to-date union grammar twent}- years ago. Of late }'ears the town has

school, the districts represented being Lin- made a rapid gr(i\\'th. It n(i\\' has a popula-

coln, San Antonio, Collins and Doyle. To tion of about 800. It boasts of the California

build the school house a bond issue of $7,500 Packing Com|")any, two warehouses, one for

was necessar}-. The population is about 500 hay and grain and the other for grain, solel)',

and there are no fixed boundaries. a sugar beet company, a spinach ranch, a

. . Standard Oil plant, some of the largest dairies

^' in the state, a squab farm and large potato

Alviso is one of the oldest towns in Santa and grain ranches. There is l.ntt one church

Clara County. In 1849 it was predicted that (Catholic), the I'rotestants going to San Jose

it was destined to become a great city. Set- fur religious services; and a grammar school,

ting, as it does, at the head .if San Francisco a bank and a free library. 'Jdiere is one i)aper,

]]ay, it was thought that it would become the ^i^g p^^^i^ published in San Jose,
shipping point for all the lower county. For

a time it was a verv active place. AX'arehouses Agnew

were built and buildings erected for hotels, This town is situated about three miles

dwellings and stores. _ The railroad, however, ,^,„.^,^ ,.,f ^^^^.^ ^^^^^_ ,.,j^ ^y^^ (-)aklan<l branch
diverted travel in 1865, and the town became

of the Southern Pacific Railway. There are
several stores, no church and the California

nearly deserted. The arri^-al of the South

Pacific Coast Railroad (now part of the South- tt ■ i r i t ...

ern Pacific svstem) in 1876, revived business V'''^^''^''^ ^"\ ^'^^ Insane, a state institution,

somewhat, but the residents no longer look ^ '^e hospital was established m 18Sr and the

forward to putting on metropolitan airs. f^'st superintendent was Dr. AA . AA . Alacbar-

The town was " incorporated in 1852 with I'inc. The present superintendent, who as-

John Snyder as its first treasurer and A. T. sumed ciftfce in 1902, is Dr. Leonard Stocking.

Gallagher as its first marshal. Thomas West 'bhere are 1650 acres in the tract. (Jn April

and Robert Hutchinson were memliers of the 18, 1906, all the buildings were destroved by

first board of trustees. The principal indus- the earthquake and over 100 patients were

tries of Alviso at the present time are the killed. Legislative a]ipropriations from vear

Bayside Cannery and two evaporator compa- ^.^ ^.g^,- permitted the erection of thirty-two

nies. Ihe Ba) snle emidoys from 4^0 to 500 y,^^^ ;^ a few are of brick, the .,thers con-
persons every season. Ihe ( )rtle^• Bros, also , Vp, , r ,, ,, i ■, i-

S .-',,,,. ,.,, - . , ^ Crete. Ihe cost ot all the buildmys approxi-

do a paving shell business. 1 here is but one ^ ^, T,-^r^r,r.n ^.m .- , i •

church, 'the First Methodist, and one grammar '"''^^^'-'^ $L.^00,00O. Ihese are ot modern archi-

school. There is both water and mail trans- lecture, convenience and sanitary require-

portation, boats drawing ten feet of water be- "lents and the grounds are beautifully laid

ing enabled to land at the wharves. out in wide drives, lawns, trees, shrubbery

Alviso is headciuarters for the vSouth Bay and flowers. The names of the jjresent board
Yacht Club. In 1922 there Avere twenty-four of trustees are: T. S. Montgomer}-. Dr. \\^ S.
yachts and other boats in the harbor. The Van Dalsen, W. L. Biebrach, San bjse; Dun-
club was organized in April, 1896, with J. O. ^an ]\IcPherson, Santa Cruz, and Horace Wil-
McKee as commodore. Dr. H. A. Spencer, ^,-„., g^n Francisco,
vice commodore; T. M. Auzerais, secretary, ,' , ,■ r ,
and S L. Smith, treasurer. C. Keaton is the '^ ^'^'"'^ distance from t,.wn, on the east, is
present commod<.re. the ]dant <,f the Western Industries Company.

It operates a distillery. It is under Covern-

Milpitas ment super\ision and at ])resent is engaged

This town, seven miles north of San Jose, in the manufacture of alcohol from the resi-

stretches from San Francisco Bay to the east- duum of beet sugar.'

lllvSTORV OF SANTA CI,AKA COUNTY

297

Saratoga

Saratojja, in the western liHithills, is alnml
eleven miles from San Jose on the I'eninsnlar
Eleetrie system. Tt is 450 feet elevation, so
that one may look o\er the valley where over
eight million fruit trees are planted and revel
in nature's most beautiful landseape. Lumber
Street, the main thoroughfare, keeps alive a
faint memory of the old days when ranehers
from all the eounty romid eame to t<iwn to
buy lumber for roofing and fencing their newly
established hcmies. ,\side from the perennial
beaut}- of the hills, Saratoga's next claim to
distinction lies in her country homes and the
friendly folk wdio have made them. A gra-
cious and sincere hospitality seems to ]>er-
vade the neighborhood, from the little inn
with its rt:)se-embowered gateway to the stately
Villa ^lontah'o, the home of Senator Phelan,
or the scores of cozy country homes, whose
latch-strings hang waiting the pull of the
ever-welcome guest.

Senator James D. Phelan, formerh' ma^'or
of San Francisco, a world-traveled man of
vast means, has selected the foothills a mile
froin Saratoga for his sjilendid out-of-town
home, being in business in San Francisco. He
spent a large sum for the erection of a pala-
tial residence. It is an Italian ^'illa, with
tiled roof, concrete foundations, cellars and
coUnnns. It is approached b)- three flights of
steps rising on terraces. The house is set in
a natural amphitheater, with a canyon on
each side, and these run into sylvan glades
and sheltered creeks always flowing with crys-
tal water. Redw'ood groves abound. On the
slopes are birch, wild cherry, madrone, oak,
and other wild and beautiful shrubs and trees.
The yiew of the Santa Clara Valley from
this home is unsurpassed, the elevation above
sea-level being eight hundred feet. The Ba}^
of San Francisco, ]\Iount Diablo, Mijunt Ham-
ilton and Mount Madonna are in full view, and
the orchards, now in bloom and again in fruit,
giving greenness in summer to the car])eted
valley, lie at one's feet, stretching far awa}-
in the distance, twelve miles to San Jose. Villa
Montalvo, the Phelan home, was named in
honor of Montahx), the fourteenth century
Spaniard who wrote "Sergas de Esplandian,"
in which the name California was first men-
tioned.

The house is entered by a loggia from
which a large hall opens, and through the hall
one can see the patio around which is an ar-
cade. From here steps rise ten feet to an-
other elevation, where a pergola incloses an
oval swimming pool sixty feet long, set in a
margin of lawn and flowers. The pergola
terminates in a casino commanding the whole

scheme, \\'hose steps descend to the lawn,
close to the |>ond, ;ind on the rear garden-side
doors cipen to a stage fifteen by thirty feet,
whose ;ui(litorium, after manner of (ireek the-
aters, is the forested hillside. Mr. Phelan se-
lected the site after inspecting hundreds of
others. He feels that the climatic, scenic, and
general ad\-antages of the location are the very
best in the United States, I 'rcj.ximit}- to San
lM"ancisco, transportation facilities, and the
character of the community \\-ere also factcjrs.

The reason for vSaratoga's untiring hospi-
tality may be foun<l in the fact tliat, like the
spider in the old nursery rliN'me, "We've so
many pretty things to show you while you
are here." h'irst and foremost, there is the
wonderful Twenty-Sex'cn Mile l)rive, froni
which, at the summit, the new road to the Pig
Basin branches off. Either of these moun-
tain dri\es provide a day of pure flelight. So
clear is the air at the mountain to]j that the
snctw-crowned ])eak of Half-Dome m Yo-
semite Park could be clearly seen. But the
time of all times for a visit to Saratoga is in
late March or early A]3ril, at the blossoming
of her \ast prune orchards. Then away and
away, as far as the eye can see, lies spread
before the enraptured gaze, a ^'ision of spring
loA'eliness — acres u])on acres of snowy or-
chards, with here and there a little patch of
pink to add fresh beauty to the scene and
suggest the promise of luscious peaches to
come. Ever}' year, generally in March, a
Pdossom Festi\'al is held, to which come yis-
itors from all parts of Central California. The
idea of holding these annual treats originated
with the late Re\-. Edwin Sidne>" \A'illiams,
and thousands of i)eople are alwa>-s jjresent
when the happj' day comes.

Saratciga is a center as well as a gateway,
so that the wav'farer cannot exhaust his pleas-
ures in a day or a \veek. There are the early
morning walks to Congress Springs, with its
fine hotel and medicinal springs ; the "hike"
to the historic "John Brown Place"; the horse-
back trails among the hills, the fishing in the
mountain streams and the floral treasures that
await the eager botanist.

Nor is the community spirit without its fit
abiding place. At the Saratoga Foothill Club
the women of the town hold their In-wcekly
meeting and here the intellectual hunger of
the town is fed by lectures, concerts and other
forms of entertainment befitting a normal
well-balanced life. The churches are repre-
sented by Catholic, Presl)}terian, ^lethodist.
Congregational and Christian denominations.
There is a commercial club, an improvement
club, and lodges of Foresters of America, Fra-
ternal Aid Union, Modern Woodmen and Odd

298 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Fellows with Rebekah auxiliary. A live I. P. Henning was the first teacher. In 1892

weekly, the Star, is published by L. C. Dick. a new and modern building was erected. The

In 1921 the County of Santa Clara bought original building was moved and became the

nineteen acres of land known as "The Quarry." First Methodist Church. On May 15, 1868,

The consideration was $85,000. C. C. and F. J. Smith opened the first store the

Los Altos

\illage had. In 1870 the Legislature re-
solved that Evergreen should have a postof-
Los Altos is a suljurban town in the wooded fice and the same 3rear the resolution was car-
foothills of the Santa Cruz Range, a few miles ried into effect, F. J. Smith becoming the first
from Palo Alto and Mountain View. It was postmaster. For fourteen years the salary
settled ten years ago when the Peninsular was $12 per year. The office was discontin-
Railway Avas extended toward Palo Alto. It ued January 1, 1914, and since then the resi-
is the nucleus of a large home center for vSan dents hare been served 1)y rural carriers. In
Francisc'i lousiness men, many of whom al- 1886 the HA'ergreen Hall was built and an en-
ready are daily ci.immuters. By hourly elec- tertainment for the W. R. C. Flome Fund
trie ser\'ice Los /-Vltos is less than fifteen min- yielded $300. The home was Imilt a few years
utes fn^ra Stanford University. It has sev- later. It is a state institution, though under
eral good stc)res, a modern school house, a the management of the Woman's Relief Corps,
bank, telephone exchange, electric lighted It houses and cares for the widows and or-
streets, water company, garage, restaurant, phans of Civil AVar soldiers and army nurses,
transfer company, and other conveniences. There are live acres of ground; inmates, 1920,
Scenically the situation is delightful, as it is twenty-three; matron, Mrs. Alice Arthur. On
on rolling hills, combining woodland and or- (Jctober 10, 1920, the home was destroyed by
chards, wnth a living mountain stream run- fire. In 1921 the Cor])S purchased from Dr. A.
ning thri-)Ugh the to\vii. There are extensi\-e E. (Jsborne the buildings and land of the
views of the Santa Clara \'alley and San Fran- I''eeble-]\Iinded Home, near Winchester, on
Cisco Bay. The climate is typical of a favored the Saratoga Road. The Home is now located
mountain region and most ni the homes are there and has t\venty-fi\e inmates. Ever-
built t(j take advantage r)f an outdoor life. green is connected with San Jose by five
The imoroxement clulT is doing much to put I'aved roads. Prunes, apricots and peaches
Los Altos in l>ig letters on the map. A prom- are the principal fruit crops. It is a very rich
inent educational feature is the Los Alt.iS section for early vegetables.
School and Junior College, an open air school Mountain View
for boys anrl voung men. It is highly com-

mende.l for it.s' efficiency. The town is'on the Alountam \ lew is situated nearly m the

line of the Southern 'Pacific Railwav, with di- center ot the Santa Clara Valley, eleven miles

rect service t.. San Francisc.j, and niav be i^^rthwest of San Jose and six miles south of

reached from San )ose by both electric and ^''^'" -^1^"- ^t ^^ noted for its mild and even

steam road.. It is" an i.leal residence place. ^'liinate and is m the very heart of the fruit

Construction on the great $1,000,000 new Cath- 'li^tnct, being particularly known t.ir its pro-

ohc Seminarv near Los Gatos was started in 'li't'tion .,f apricots and prunes, which here

lulv, 1':^'20. It will soon be completed. The ''fached a degree of perfection unexcelled any-

"o-ro'unds will co\-er 700 acres. where in the country. Such is the excellence

of these varietes of fruits that thev are dried

Evergreen and sent to Europe as well as the East. There

Evergreen, Verba Ihiena Rancho. was first are also m the vicinity of Mountain View

owned bv Antonio Chaliova, who held a Mex- splen<lid vegetable gardens where nearly all

ican grant title. When' the Americans ac- kinds of products known to temperate and

quired California, Chabova had to secure a semi-tropical climates are raised in great

United States title. Tliis'was granted to him al)undance and of the best quality. Just out-

in 1858. 'i'hc grant, seven miles east of San side the cor])oratioii limits are magnificent

bise, was called Evergreen on account of the greenhouses in which are grown millions of

i)eautiful oaks that covered the entire acre- the choicest flowers known to the Horists' art

age. [. Ik Hart, who was one of the lawyers and every day in the year immense quantities

engaged to oljtain the grant and was paid m "f blooms, of great variety, are shipped to the

land,\ut uj) his portion into farms, and C. C. metropolis, and the supply never equals the

Smith was one of the first ])urchasers and es- demand. The population of the town is about

taldishcd the first business, a blacksmith shop. 2,000. There are seven church organzations.

In 1866 the Evergreen school district was es- including Presl)yterian, Baptist, Methodist

tablished. The first trustees were John Hoi- Church South, Roman Catholic, First Meth-

lo\\-ay, Tom Farnsworth and Henry McClay. odist church, Se\enth Da}- Adventist and

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

299

Christian Scientist. The imhhc schools arc
tif the hio-hest order and grachiates of the high
school are a(hnittcd to all the colleges and
nn\ersitics of the state without examination.
The graniniar and high school cani|)us com-
]M'ises h\e acres. There are several ])rivate
arid church schools and the fraternal orders
arc ^\cll reiircsented. The town also boasts
of two hanks, a movie house and a weekly
iiCAVspapcr. puljlished by P. Milton Smith. It
is a prcigressixe, up-to-date paper and ably
edited and managed. There are two canner-
ies and a pickle factory, and the plant of the
Pacific Press I^ublishing Association, which is
owned and oj^erated by the Seventh Day Ad-
\-entist denomination. It is the largest of its
kind tliis side of Chicago. In it are published
several religious papers and magazines and a
large number of denominational books which
are printed in about se\'enty-five different lan-
guages and dialects, and are distributed and
sold all o\er the world. All the work con-
n.ected with these jiublications is done at the
]ilant in Mountain View, from setting up the
type, either by hand or linotype to the final
binding, and including all photo-engraving
and electrotvping. The annual amount of
business exceeds" $1,000,000. The buildings
are located in a beautful park of five acres
iust outside the town limits. The town trus-
tees are T. S. Mackbee, James Cochran,
Claude Redwine, L. K. Watson, E. D.
;\Iinton.

The old to\\'n of Mountain View consisted
of a stage station on the San Francisco road,
built liy James Campbell in 1852. The town
\\-as sur\eyed into lots and blocks by Frank
Sleeper and Mariano Castro, but the town
ncA-er e\'inced any dispositon. t() stray away
from the one principal street. In 1869 S. P.
Taylor erected a hotel. The new town of Moun-
tain \'iew, in which the business now centers,
\\-as the outgrowth of the railroad. It was
laid out b^- t^. ^X Houghton, of San Jose, in
1865. The first luulding constructed was used
for a saloon. Soon the town spread, business
blocks, fine paved streets, school houses and
churches came until the town became one of
the busiest and most prosperous settlements
in the county.

A ne^v ice and precooling plant will be built
in 1922. It will be large enough to manufac-
ture ten tons of ice a day. There will also be
storageroom for 500 tons of ice, 150 tons of
fruit, and 1,000 barrels of frozen berries.

Mayfield

Mayfield is sixteen miles northwest of San
Jose. It has a perfectly working $35,000
sewer system and a supply of artesian water,
pure and inexhaustible. After a chemical

analysis ol: the water, the Southern Pacific
Railroad C'ompany selected Mayfield as a site
for the erection of a 60,000-gallon water tank
for through trains. The town has fine rail-
way connections. There are the Blossom
route to vSan Jose, the Waverl)' Avenue ex-
tension from Palo Alto, and Stanford Univer-
sity and other lines in ])ros|)ect. A municipal
water plant is run on a paying basis, there is
a modern grammar school, churches, electric
lighting and every up-to-date public service,
including a newspa])er, the Mayfield Neius,
published by W. J. Nichols. There are two
fruit canneries, the Bavsidc and the Lock Foon,
the latter conducted by a Chinaman who owns
and operates another cannery at Alviso. The
town also has a Chamber of Commerce, a
town hall, a bank, churches, schools and fra-
ternal organizations. Fruit growing, dairy-
ing and chicken raising are the principal in-
dustries. The California Chicken Company's
ranch is one of the largest on the coast. The
proximity of Stanford University gives the
town exceptional educational advantages. The
trustees are R. L. Pitcher, chairman; Stephen
Anderson, Frank Minaker, T. B. Scott, E. J.
Kingham. S. M. Cuthbertson is the clerk.

Mayfield was settled in 1853, and in 1855 a
postoffice was established. The railroad ar-
ri^■ed in 1864, but the station was located
three-cjuarters of a mile from town. Two
years afterward it was remo^•ed to its present
position. William Paul regularly laid out the
town in 1867.

Morgan Hill

It is not generall}- known that Portola's ex-
pedition, as it crossed the Coast Range, com-
ing in from the ocean, first looked upon the
Santa Clara Valley from the heights above
\vhat is now known as the incorporated town
of Morgan Hill, twenty miles south of San
Jose on the Southern Pacific Ivailroad. Strang-
ers, as they pass by train through the Santa
Clara Valley are alwa}-s impressed wth the
sharp outlines of the cone-like peak just west
of ?*Iorgan Hill. This is El Toro (the Bull),
and it has a well-defined spur running south,
and another branching east, ending in two,
rounded, wooded hills that lie in the corpo-
rate limits of the town and on wdiich cluster
several beautiful homes. Morgan Plill is the
name of a pioneer resident, the old home, with
its vine-covered porticos, being near the high
school and situated on the tract of land that
was subdivided several years ago. To ascend
El Toro is the desire, usually accomplished,
of every person who spends even a few days
in this neighborhood. It has a good climb,
none too strenuous and well worth the trip, if

300

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

only for the pleasure of the exercise and the
splendid view at the summit. On the way
half a mile from town, the experimental
grounds of the Leonard Coates Nursery Com-
pany are passed. Horticulturists from vari-
ous parts of the LTnited States, as well as from
abroad, often visit these grounds. Mr. Coates
is an enthusiast on the subject of the culti^'a-
tiou of native plants and trees of California.

Morgan Hill lies on the crown of the val-
ley, with a fall of nearly 300 feet, either north
to San Jose or south to Gilroy. On the east
the Coyoje River pours through a most pic-
turesque gorge into the ^'alley, running toward
San Jose. The hill scenery is magnificent
and the countr}- through the ^'arious ranges
up to Pine Hill is wild and untouched b)' man.
It is on the eastern side of the valley, near
Morgan Hill, ^vhere Charles Kellogg lives.
He is a noted bird lover and lecturer and his
lectures are always illustrated b)' the singing
of bird songs Sd that the hall itself will seem
to vibrate with the melody. The Kellogg
home is in a ravine, far up the mountainside,
in the midst of a great gro^•e of oaks.

Small farming is the main industry about
]\Iorgan Hill. Oi the fruits the iirune is the
main crop, apricots, peaches, pears and all
other deciduous fruits also being extensively
grown. Apples do well, a good interest on
the investment Iieing realized. Grape growing
is an extensive industry, the vineyards mainly
nestling on the hillside. Prior to the enforce-
ment of the j)rohi1)ition law, a large winery a
few miles srnith, the propertv of the Califor-
nia Wine Growers' Association, was profita-
bly operated. Nut growing is a moneA'-mak-
ing industry. Almonds and walnuts dc) well.
The Live Oak LTnion high schcxil, just north
of Morgan Hill, on the state high\vav, is well
situated amongst a grove cii lixe oaks, with
spacious grounds well planted with a A'arietv
i>i trees and shrul>s. Fi\-e school districts are
included — Packwood, Madrone, Machado, San
Martin and Morgan Hill.

.V fe\v A'ears ago an additional concrete
building or annex Avas added to accommodate
the increasing attendance at the school. The
t(Avn is on the great state highway and there
are man}' beautiful dri\'es in tlie A'alley and
mountains. C)ne favorite drive is through
Paradise Valle}- and o\"er "The Li vide" into
Llagas y\venue. A iew miles further on, at
Redwood Retreat is the Robert Lr)uis Steven-
son bungalow, no\v the summer residence of
Lloyd rjsbourne, vStex'cnsfjn's stepson. vStill
higher uj), not far from a mountain stream, is
a crescent-shaped stone bench, surmounted by
an iron cross, under which is the inscription:
"Frank Norris, 1870-1902. Simpleness and

gentleness and honor and clean mirth," Nor-
ris, one of the greatest of American writers,
lived in a log cabin nearby. It has a charming-
situation on the mountainside. The purity of
the air and the aromatic fragrance of the
\voods gave him inspiration for some of his
popular novels.

The Morgan Hill ranch was subdivided in
1892, and the town was incorporated in 1906.
The Lank of Morgan Hill was established in
1905. The town has one newspaper, the
Tunes, \\\\\c\\ came into existence in 1892. For
twelve years G. K. Estes was editor. He sold
out to the present o\vner, H. \. Pillow, in
1918. Now there are several general merchan-
dise stores, one bank, a canner\-, a packing
house and a lumber yard. The cliurches are
\^■ell represented. Population a1.)0Ut 1500. The
town is n(-)t merely noted for its fine horticul-
tural and agricultural apportunities but also
for its hundreds of cosy farm houses and for
its poultry farms, dairy and stock ranches. In
1919 the enterprising women of the t(Avn or-
ganized The Friendly Inn. The object was to
haA-e a civic center to take the place of the
saloon. Here are found rest room, library,
coffee and lunch room, and a large room for
meetings.

In 1917 the farmers of the section formed
a Farmers Union Stock Company and opened
a general merchandise and agricultural im-
plements store. In 1919 the receipts were
$270,000. The latest progressive mo\-ement
Isv the farmers is a cooperative garage.

A shocking event occurred near JMorgan
Hill on Tuesday, July 6, 1909. C»n that day
Miss Isola Kennedy, a prominent temperance
A\-orker and president of the Tri-County W. C.
T. LT., went for a picnic in the eastern foot-
hills about four miles from town. With her
Avas Henry Merkle, a ten-year-old fioy from
FruitA'ale, and Curtis Lane, another Ijoy of
about the same age. These boA's. with an-
other lad, F.arl W^ilson, were loathing in a
creek that floAved past the picnic grounds,
A\hen a California lion of large size came out
of the Ijushes and attacked young Wilson, in
flicting ugly Avounds on the scalp and ear.
Miss Ivenned}', ran to the boA^'s assistance to
ha\e the lion leap uiion her and knock her
doAvn. She fought heroicallA", using a hat pin
as a weapon of defense and trying desperately
to saA'e her neck from the teeth of the vicious
beast.

The boys ran to the tents of the Bay Cities
Water Company and called Jack Conlan. He
seized a shotgun and ran to the relief of Miss
Kennedy. She Avas still on the ground and
the lion Avas tearing at her flesh. Tavo shots
Avere fired by C(mlan. but as the_A' seemed to

I-Tl STORY OF SANTA Cf.ARA COUNTY

301

have no effect, he hurried back lo the camp,
proem ed a ritle and returninsa" shot the lion in
the heat! and breast.

Miss Kennedy was removed to town as
quickly as possible and the next day a thor-
ough examination of her w(.)unds was made
l\y""Dr. J. T. Hissins, assisted liy Dr. F. W.
AVatt. It was found that one ear was com-
pletely eaten off, the other ear Jiadly lacerated,
while a three-cornered cut by the right eye
had laid the bone bare. The left arm was
fearfully mangled from bites and scratches,
there being fifteen deep gashes from the shoul-
der to theVrist. The right arm, leg and back
were also lacerated. After suffering greatly
^liss Kennedy passed away in September.
Earl Wilson, the boy first attacked by the
lion, died of lockjaw, superinduced by blood
poisoning, shortly Ijefore this.

Berryessa

This village lies four miles northeast of
San Jose, close to the eastern foothills. It is
a populous fruit section and the trees are
large and thrifty. Apricots, prunes, peaches,
\valnuts and cherries are grown in the vicinity
of Berrvessa Corners, where Capital Avenue
and the Berryessa road come together. There
is a general merchandising store, a Methodist
church, a grammar school and an improve-
ment cIuId. The climate is similar to that
over the iioor of the valley. The elevation is
at least 100 feet greater than that of San Jose
and because of this fact the village has be-
come an important apricot district. The elec-
tric cars from San Jose to Alum Rock pass
through the village. There are telephones,
rural delivery and electric power for pumping.

The most important industry is the Flick-
inger Fruit Cannery. Only extras are packed.
There are 250 acres in the tract and buildings
of all kinds for handling the fruit. About 200
men and women are employed during the
busy season. The business was started in
1886 by J. H. Flickinger. When he bought
the land in 1880 for his orchard and cannery
it was in pasture, grain and mustard, and
honeycombed by squirrels and gophers. He
immediately inaugurated a revolution. He
planted his orchard, fought squirrels and go-
phers, spent money lavishly until as a result
of his efforts, in 1887, he turned out orchard
products that sold for over $100,000. Mr.
Flickinger died in 1898, and the establishment
has since been conducted by the Flickinger
family. L. F. Graham is the president and
manager; Chas. T. Flickinger is treasurer;
Miss F". Flickinger is secretary, and W. R.
Leland is superintendent. Of late years the
equipment has been so improved that the can-

nery is a1)le to perform more and better work
than formerly. Cherries, apricots, peaches
and tomatoes arc handled.

I''or man)' }'ears J. F\ Pyle, a pioneer of
1846, conducted a cannery on his ranch of
eighty-four acres at the corner of tlie King
and Maybury roads. In 1907 the cannery
business was rem<jved to the corner of Fifth
and Martha Streets, San Jose. About 300
people are employed during the busy season.
The manager is Harry Pyle; superintendent,
E. G. Pyle', both sons of J. F. Pyle,

In the month of Deceml)er , 1877, the set-
tlers in Berryessa were wr(jught up to the
highest pitch of enthusiasm over the cheer-
ing news from Washington that the suit in-
volving the title to the lanrls they occupied
had been finally decided in their favor by the
Supreme Court of the United States. The
event was celebrated on December 22 by a
grand barbecue in the school house enclosure.
When the hour of noon arrived the place was
thronged with people. Berryessa turned out
every man, woman and child, while San Jose,
Santa Clara, Mountain View, Mayfield, Mil-
pitas, Alviso and Evergreen were represented
by large delegations, the total number of par-
ticipants exceeding 1500. Uncle Ike Bran-
ham, assisted by the ladies of the village, su-
perintended the arrangements for the barbe-
cue proper. Besides all the attractive essen-
tials of the meat feast, there was an array of
succulent extras fit for a kingly epicure. The
festivities opened with a mass meeting in the
school house, which failed to accommodate
more than one-third of those who desired to
listen. Congratulatory addresses were deliv-
ered by Hon. S. O. Houghton, Hon. C. T.
Ryland, Judge Lawrence Archer, Hon.
Thomas Bodley, J. R. Hall and J. H. M. Town-
send, after which the attack on the tables
commenced. After the feast Bronson & Dag-
gett's band summoned the people to the
school, where dancing was kept up until after
midnight.

The history of the suit is as follows : The
disputed tract, which covered the village of
Berr3'essa, contained over 15,000 acres. In
1852 Nicolas Berryessa filed a claim on the
land before the United States land commis-
sioner, under a permit from the alcalde of San
Jose. The evidence to support the claim was
lacking and afterward an amended petition
was filed. This petition set up a grant from
the Mexican government, which, however, had
been lost or mislaid. To support his claim
Berryessa filed what in Spanish is called a
diseno, which is a topographical sketch or
chart, showing a tract of land comprising
15,000 acres. It was alleged that this chart

30^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

was attached to the petition upon which the
grant was originally issued. In 1853 the claim
was declared a fraud on its face. Many of
the topographical features delineated had no
existence prior to 1852, while the assertion
was made that the grant was issued in 1835.
But the most glaring defect was this ; It
showed the Aguaze Creek as running from the
hills straight to the Coyote, while, as a mat-
ter of fact, the Aguaze turned to the north
about half a mile east of the Coyote, the wat-
ers finding their way through the willow
thickets to form Penetencia Creek. This was
prior to 1852.

In that year a settler dug a ditch and built
fences, and in the fall the creek sent down its
waters, which entered the ditch and contin-
ued on, cutting a channel through which the
waters were afterward discharged. Still an-
other defect in the diseno was the representa-
tion of a two-stor}' house in the north corner
of the rancho, known to have been built in
1850, while the diseno was alleged to have
been made in 1835. In consequence of these
defects the Eerryessa claim was rejected by
the land commissioners.

Afterwards Horace W. Carpentier, of Oak-
land, acquired possession of nearly all of Ber-
ryessa's claim and prosecuted it in the courts.
He had been unable, howcA-er, to present any
archive testimony. Similar cases had gone
before the Supreme Court and the rule had
been laid down that land claims could not be
confirmed which did not have archive testi-
mon}' in support of them. Defeated in all his
l^roceedings, Carpentier, in 1865, suddenly al-
leged that he had found a book of record in
the surveyor general's office in which was a
copy of a grant to Nicolas Berryessa. It was
on a loose sheet of the book and subsequent
investigations showed that it was not a part
of the original record but had been placed in
the Ijook long after the original entries had
been made. The claimants were routed again
and no evidence has been found in either
Mexican or California archives to show that
such a grant ever existed.

The Berryessa settlers bought of the city
of San Jose under the belief that Berryessa
had no grant and that the territory was pueblo
land. The Supreme Court of the United
States at last confirmed their title and the
long litigation was over. S. O. Houghton and
Montgomery Blair argued the case for the set-
tlers. E. R. Carpentier and Judge Phillips, of
Washington, appeared for Carpentier.

Alma

Alma is beautifully situated in a grove of
oaks on a bench beside the Los Gatos Creek,
three miles above Los Gatos and twelve miles

from San Jose. The village is not large, con-
taining a store, postoffice, blacksmith shop, a
railway station and a number of pretty resi-
dences. It is an important shipping point, as
there are in the mountains above extensive
fruit growing districts. The climate is very
pleasant. Alma escapes the fogs which visit
the coast slopes of the mountains to the west
and as the elevation is 560 feet, the weather
in the daytime is not so warm as in the valley.
It is one of the choicest sections in the state
for apiculture, as there are few other locali-
ties which furnish so constant a supply of
food and the honey is very white, has a deli-
cious flavor and commands a readi,- sale.

On the IMount Pleasant road, up Ca\anagh
Creek, on the property of the San Jose AYater
Works, there is a strong soda spring, which
contains iron and magnesia. The water flows
from a small pool by the side of a stream
which comes up in silvery buljbles through
the clear water which is alive Avith ebullition.
The sides of the spring have the familiar
snuff-brown of oxydized iron. The water has
gained quite a reputation for its medicinal
qualities, which, of course, are confined to the
minerals, the so-called soda taste being im-
parted solely by the carbonic gas. The Moody
Gulch oil wells, now used for the manufacture
of gasoline, are situated but a short distance
from Alma.

Wright's Station, though a small village, is
an important ship])ing point, as it is the depot
for the extensiA'c fruit growing section in the
surrounding moimtains. It is located at the
head of the Los Gatos Canyon, sixteen miles
S(iuth of San Jose. Travelers on the cars re-
ceive little intimation from what they see
along the route to the station, concerning the
rich and beautiful section which crowns the
mountains above the heavy belt of timber
which covers the hillside and reaches down
into the stream rushing through the canyon.
The roads which leave the little space of open
ground by the depot to enter the leafy tunnels
through the woods furnish no suggestion cif
the vine-clad slopes, the orchards, the tower-
ing redwoods, the green fields and the cosy
homes which adorn the great territory above
and beyond. The beauty of this section can
not adequately be described. Within the past
decade people in search of sites for homes
have climbed the mountain sides, searched
out the springs and made winding roads
around the knolls, up the canyon and to the
very summit.

Ambrose Bierce, the noted satirist, critic
and short story writer, resided for several
years in the hills a few miles from Wright's.
He went to Mexico in the fall of 1913 and

HUSTdRY OF SANTA Cr_,ARA COUNTY

303

his fate was a m_\stci"_\' until James H. Wil-
kins, a San Franciscei Bulletin writer and for-
mer state's jirison director, visited the City of
Mexico in March, lOJO, and there learned
what had befallen the eminent Californian.
Wilkins knew Bierce and while in Mexico he
talked with one of the members of a firing
squad before whom Bierce stood in 1915 and
died like a soldier. The story was verified by
a picture of l>ierce which the Mexican took
from the dead American's body.

The story runs thus : Bierce and Melero
(the Mexican) joined Carranza's forces, but
later separated. In 1915, Melero. as a Villista,
heard of the capture of a mule train which
Bierce had commanded. The Villistas made
the capture, but returned to headquarters with
but two prisoners — a muleteer and a tall,
white-haired American. After a peremptory
court martial the two were sentenced to be
shot.

"A one-eyed man would have known that
the American was a man of distinction," said
Melero. "The muleteer — an Indian — dropped
to his knees, prayed and motioned the Ameri-
can to follow his example. The American
hesitated a inoment, then straightened, folded
his arms and waited. There was no delay. An
officer signaled, the shots rang out and the
two prisoners fell forward. "Their effects
were searched," continued IMelero, "and I
took this photograph in the hope that it might
sometime identify the American."

Of Bierce's stories, Elbert Hubbard, who
was one of the Lusitania's victims, once said :
"Ambrose Bierce is the boss of us all. He can
do without us, but we can't do without him
and still have the sunshine and the shade. He
knows life in its every phase. Owen Wister
gave this opinion : "Some of the things that
Bierce wrote are wonderful — a work of genius,
in fact." Joel Chandler Harris expressed this
opinion: "If I were Santa Clans, I'd put into
the hands of every intelligent man and woman
in the United States an edition of Ambrose's
Bierce's remarkable stories of soldiers and
civilians." Arthur Brisbane said: "Ambrose
Bierce is one of the best writers in America,
perhaps the best."

When Bierce lived in the hills above
Wright's, he made many bicycle trips to San
Jose. On one of these trips his bike broke
down and he went into a shop on Santa Clara
Street for the necessary repairs. The young
man in charge promised to have the job done
in an hour and then said: "What name,
please?" "My name is Ambrose Bierce," said

the great satirist in his most dignified man-
ner. ";\11 right, Mr. Pierce, come back in an
hour and your wheel will l)e ready for you."
"Iherce is my name," snapped the author. "I
get you, Steve," cherrily responded the re-
pairer "I won't forget." Bierce, somewhat
mollified, went out. It may be said here that
while not a vain man, Bierce was proud of
his position in the world of letters and it was
balm to his soul to think that his name was a
household word in California. Praise never
ofi'ended him, but detraction irritated him. As
for crass ignorance he had no words with
wdn'ch to express his contempt and disgust.
.\t the end of an hour he returned to the shop.
The bicycle was ready for him and as the re-
pairer took off the tag Bierce saw that the
name written in pencil thereon was "Ambers
Peerce." The satirist glared at the re])airer,
opened his mouth to speak, concluded not to,
and went out, hardly comforted by the knowl-
edge that there was one man in the state who
hafi never heard of him.

Several years before this episode, Bierce,
residing in San Francisco, made frequent vis-
its to San Jose. On one of these visits his
companion was Arthur McEwen, a brilliant
journalist, '\\hose written language was some-
times as sharp and scintillant as tliat of Bierce.
After seeing the sights of the city, Bierce sug-
gested that they hunt up the late Charley
Shortridge, then publisher of the Mercury,
and take him for a hack ride. McEwen agreed
to this and, learning that Shortridge was at
home, the hack was driven to the place and
Shortridge was invited to come out. The San
Jose newspaper publisher showed himself at
a second-story window and declined the invi-
tation, asserting that he was tired and needed
sleep. While Bierce was protesting, Short-
ridge closed the wndow and returned to his
bed. The entente cordiale heretofore existino-
between the two men was then and there
broken never to be reestablished. Each said
unkind things about the other and finally
Bierce impaled and then embalmed Short-
ridge in a couplet in "Black Beetles in
x\mber."

One of Bierce's early friends \\-as that wit,
politician and bon vivnnt, Paul Neumann, who
for years was a member of the cabinet of
King Kalakaua, of the Hawaiian Islands. He
delivered a lecture in San Jose while the peo-
ple were laughing over a rhyming clash be-
tween him and Bierce. Both wrote for the
ff'asp and they frequently joshed each other.

304

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Bierce did not always get the best of it as the
following will show:

"Neumann on delit emits his sparks
Of wit, with wdsdom In- the ream ;
All feel the weight of his remarks
And he the Inu-den of his theme.
His words run off page after page
On debt. What is it but the shout
Of Sterne's poor starling in a cage?
'I can't get out, I can't get out.' "

— Ambrose Bierce.

"Striking each tradesman and each friend
Though none will trust and none will lend,
Bierce works himself into a pet
And clamors of the sin of debt,
I thus translate his sturdy din,
T can't get in, I can't get in,' "

— Paul Neumann,

Patchen

Patchen, in the Santa Cruz Mountains,
above Lexington, an old stage station, boasts
of a postoffice and a few residences. It is on
the old Tvlountain Charley road, about two
miles from the Mountain Charley ranch. In
the early davs grizzly bears abounded in the
Santa Cruz' hills and Mountain Charley
(Charles :McKiernan) was a great bear hunter.
For a while he killed deer for the San Fran-
cisco market, making over $7,000 by the work.
He kept a flock of sheep, but one night a Cali-
fornia lion (cougar) got among them and
killed seventy. After this misfortune McKier-
nan sold his sheep and became one of the
noted Itear and lion hunters of the state.

Not long after he had parted with his sheep
he was hunting about three miles from his
home, when he discovered a large grizzly
bear lying on her haunches with her head
turned' toAvards him, McKiernan approached
to within ten steps of the bear, dismounted
from his mule and shot the bear in the back
of the head. Sup])osing he had killed her, he
commenced reloading his gun. After he hafl
put in the powder and was about to ram down
the ball, the bear made a rush at him, Mc-
Kiernan grabbed the pommel of his saddle
and was ' about to mount when the mule
jumped, jerked away from him, leaving him
sprawling on the ground, and ran home. The
bear in the meantime had returned to her nest
where she had left her two cubs. But she did
not stay there long. McKiernan had just got
to his feet and was in the act of picking up
his gun when the bear made for him. As there
was no chance to shoot, McKiernan took to
his heels. Next day he returned to the place
t« find the bear dead. The cubs were in the

nest and he took them home and kept them
for four months. At the end of that time their
penchant for killing hogs cost them their
lives.

But Mountain Charley's great battle with a
o-rizzly came later — on the afternoon of the
eighth of May, 1854. He had been out hunt-
ing all day with a friend named Taylor. They
had killed five deer and were engaged in
dragging two of them out of a gulch when
they "saw a male bear, about 400 yards below
them. While in the act of getting around the
l^ear — a very large one — the animal unbe-
knowm to them, executed a similar maneuver,
and as they were climbing to the top of a
little mound, the bear suddenly met them.
The surprise was mutual. The bear gave a
snort and plunged at them. Taylor fired the
first shot and missed, then made for a tree.
Mountain Charley, armed with a rifle, fired
(juickh-. The ball struck the bear over the
eye and then Charle)', now at close quarters
struck the l)ear on the head with the rifle,
l:>reaking f)ff the barrel. The blow felled the
l)ear, l)ut he immediately arose, and with his
tremendous jaws wide open made a murder-
ous snap at Charley catching him over the
left eve and forehead, crushing the skull and
tearing out a large section of it. The old
mountaineer then threw' up his arms, in a
locked position, in front of his face, when
the bear grappled at them, crushing down
with his grinders upon one arm and terribly
lacerating the flesh of the other. Evidently
satisfied Avith ANdiat he had done, the bear left
his eneni}' and was seen no more,

Taylor, wdio had left his tree and taken to
his heels when the bear attacked his friend,
returned some time after the battle with Shul-
ties, a mountain rancher, who lived a short
distance awa}-. Mountain Charley was found
in an unconscious state and carried to his
home. One e}e had been torn out, the nose
and one side of his face were disfigured and
there \\as a gaping wound in the skull. Drs.
A, W, Bell and T, J, Ingersoll attended the
suft'erer, removed pieces of bone from the
skull and put m a silver plate sufficiently
large t(j co\cr the l:)rain. About a year after-
ward Mountain Charley came to San Jose and
consulted Drs, Ingersoll and Spencer in re-
gard to his condition. The wound in the head
had not i)roperly healed and an operation was
])erfornied. After this time the patient wore
no plate and he lived in very good health for
forty-six years, dying in San Jose in 1902. For
many years prior to his death Mountain Char-
ley \\'as engaged in the lumber business in
San Jose. He was highly respected and his
death was a loss to the community.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

305

In May, 1875, McKiernan, or Mountain
Charley, as he was best known, was the lead-
ing figure in another adventure. On April 1,
the stage between his mountain ranch and
Lexington was robbed and a month later the
crime was repeated. Shortly after the last
robbery Mountain Charley, who had killed a
steer, was in the act of packing it when he
saw two men near the road. Thinking they
were neighbors, he hailed them, but as they
came towards him he realized his mistake and
also came to the conclusion that the men
were the much-wanted stage robbers. Soon
after this the sheriff of Santa Cruz County
rode up and with Mountain Charley as guide
went to find the two men. They were located
at an old house about six miles off. As the
house was being surrounded the two men
showed fight and fired several shots at the
sheriff and his posse. During the firing
Mountain Charley entered the house and saw
the men standing by the chimney in the main
room. One of them was raising his gun to
shoot when Charley fired twice with the inten-
tion of crippling them. One shot passed
through the arm of the man with the gun ;
the other grazed the eyebrow of the other
man. Then they surrendered, were taken to
San Jose, and each received a ten years' sen-
tence.

Small Towns and Villages

Linda Vista district, on the Alum Rock
road, is one of the most progressive, healthful
and cultured sections in the county. The
Alum Rock Improvement Club, maintained
unanimously by its citizens, is a live active
body, and irrespective of personal interests
the members volunteer their services and their
activities and have accomplished splendid re-
sults. Linda Vista is a delightful section in
the eastern foothills, largely in the frostless
thermal belt, overlooking the entire valley,
within twenty minutes' ride from San Jose.

Edenvale is a station on the Southern Pa-
cific Railway and state highway, six miles
south of San Jose. It is in the heart of a rich
fruit section and is also the home of E. A. and
J. O. Hayes, publishers of the San Jose
Mercury. The grounds cover a large tract of
land, and the ornamentation of the place,
together with the large, costly and im-
posing buildings have attracted sight-seers
from far and wide. The grounds are free to
the public. At Edenvale the Richmond-Chase

Company has a warehouse for the section's
fruit, and a mile away there is a receiving
station for dried fruits. It is one of the Ros-
enberg }3ros.' branches.

Six miles south of Edenvale and twelve
miles from San Jose, on the line of the South-
ern Pacific and on the state highway, is Coy-
ote. In the center of a rich little valley,
hemmed in by low ridges of rocky hills and
with the creek flowing northward close by,
this town is a trading and shipping point for
the surrounding community. Plere are lo-
cated two stores and a large seed warehouse.
The agricultural land in the valley is a river
wash, rich and deep, but of no great area. It
is devoted largely to prunes and to the seed
industry. The prices for it range from $400
to $800 per acre, depending upon the improve-
ments.

Five miles west of San Jose, on a good
macadam road, is a little group of buildings
called Meridian Corners. Here are located two
stores, a blacksmith shop and a station on the
electric road between San Jose and Saratoga.
It is right in the heart of the fruit district,
mostly prunes. Schools, churches, rural mail
delivery, telephones and electric power are
available to all farmers. Land is held from
$500 to $1000 per acre.

Madrone is a shipping point, eighteen miles
south of San Jose. It is located on the rail-
road and State Highway, and has two stores
and a winery.

San Martin is a small town of 250 people on
the line of the Southern Pacific, six miles
north of Gilroy. It is on the line of the
Southern Pacific and the State Highway. Here
are a store, a cannery, blacksmith shops, a
lumber yard, a school and a Presbyterian
Church. The recent sale of the great Lion
ranch, near the town and the proposed cutting
up of the tract into small ranches, will in-
crease San Martin's population and commer-
cial importance.

Other villages or stations are Lawrence,
seven miles from San Jose and four miles
from Santa Clara, with its hay and grain
warehouse, two churches, a school and a de-
pot; Lexington, formerly a stage station, ten
miles above Los Gatos. Since the opening
of the railroad to Santa Cruz, all the business
has gone to Alma. And lastly, there is Monte
Vista, a mile west of Cupertino, which is lit-
tle more than a station on the Peninsular
Railway.

CHAPTER XXXV.

Miscellaneous Items of Interest — Observations of a Weather Expert — Judge
Belden and Mayor Pfister — An Auto Camp — Result of Presidential
Elections in the County.

Dr. AVilliam Simpson, Santa Clara County's
Health Officer and Assistant Collaborating
Epidemiologist of the United States Public
Health Services, gives his observations of
twenty-nine years, in! the following notes :

"Santa Clara County, or the Santa Clara
Valley : has two separate and distinct cli-
mates, both ideal, but for different types of in-
dividuals. The north portion of the county,
the valley portion, skirting the bay, cooled
and freshened in summer, and tempered in
winter by the ozone bearing winds from the
ocean offers to the strong and vigorous, the
golfer, the tennis player and student, the home
seeker and worker, just the stimulus needed
to keep him in form and up to his work, but

ful and equally favorable location, and to all
alike is offered a climate absolutely free from
malaria and where cholera infantum, dysen-
tery and the epidemic diarrhoeal diseases are
so rare that they are practically unknown
and never epidemic. The dreaded 'second
summer' of the eastern and southern mother,
the California born mother has never heard of,
and the California l^aby cuts his eye and stom-
ach teeth in ignorance of the troubles of his
eastern cousin.

"For all water is pure, plenty and whole-
some. Falling as snow in the Sierras or rain
in the hills and valleys it is filtered through
sand and gravel in natural filter beds many
feet below the impervious strata which sep-

Weather Report

The Weather Bureau of San Jose shows the following seasonal precipitation for that city:

Seasons

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Total

1906-1907 ..

0

0

0.13

0.01

0.98

6.39

4.61

1.88

7.75

0.46

0.08

0.42

22.71

1907-1908 . .

. . T

0

0.06

0.98

0.13

3.65

2.63

2.46

1.14

0.23

0.67

0,01

11.96

1908-1909 ..

0

0

0.09

0.19

1.11

1.54

7.69

4.87

2.77

0

0

0.05

18.31

1909-1910 . .

0

0

0.75

0.72

1.27

5.41

2.31

0.83

2.84

0.41

T

0.02

14.56

1910-1911 ..

. . T

0

0.09

0.20

0.28

0.68

12.38

2.03

6.26

0.45

0.21

0.07

22.65

1911-1912 ..

0

0

0

0.80

0.18

2.03

1.36

0.30

2.80

1.95

0.70

0.46

10.58

1912-1913 ..

.. T

0

0.71

0.21

0.29

0.43

2.29

0.09

1.17

0.38

0.77

0.01

6.35

1913-1914 ..

. . 0.09

0.08

T

0.02

4.10

3.00

6.23

3.94

0.90

0.65

0.19

0.25

19.45

1914-1915 ..

0

0

0

0.50

1.36

3.75

4.85

7.02

1.49

1.07

2.69

0

22.71

1915-1916 ..

0

0.04

0

0

0.19

4.37

8.71

1.83

1.10

0.06

0.01

T

16.27

1916-1917 ..

. . T

0,01

0.78

0.84

0.41

3.48

0.98

4.88

0.77

0.26

0.22

0

12.63

1917-1918 ..

. . T

0

0.01

0

0.54

0.55

0.70

2.63

4.48

0.45

T

0

9.36

1918-1919 . .

0

0

6.33

0.15

2.24

1.28

1.06

4.87

2.87

0.06

0.01

T

18.87

1919-1920 . .

.. T

0.01

0.25

0.28

0.09

2.48

0.10

1.04

3.43

0.92

T

0.21

8.80

1920-1921 . .

0

0

0.02

1.71

1.84

3.58

4.75

1.09

0.80

0.40

0.82

T

15.01

1921-1922 . .

0

0

0.21

0.21

1.65

Normals . . .

. . 0.00

0.04

0.34

0.90

1.89

3.05

2.88

2.54

2.98

1.41

0.68

0.08

16.79

the wind whicli carries ozone carries also
moisture which, while it is most valuable to
the rancher and his crops, to the small fruit
grower and his berries, to the dairyman and
his alfalfa, to the vegetable gardener and his
products, is too stimulating for the neuras-
thenic, the asthmatic, the weak and those who
need warmth and shelter and protection.

"For these the eastern and western foot-
hills with their sunny slopes, their freedom
from fog and frost offers an equally delight-

arates it from the surface water, and comes
to the surface bubbling with oxygen from the
spring or deep well safe, cool and refreshing.
No typhoid in its sparkle, for no germ can
reach its source.

"In Alum Rock Canyon, on the San Jose
City Reservation, the city's playground, there
are more than a dozen mineral springs each
differing in its analysis from the other, and
each and all absolutely free to the public, and
equal in medicinal value to those of any re-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

307

sort. At Saratoga in a most beautiful canyon,
easily reached, is the Congress Spring, only
equalled by its namesake in New York, while
but a few miles away are the AzuJe springs
and in the southern portion of the county the
Gilroy Hot Springs and others too many to
enumerate, but all assets to the well being of
those who are seeking health and a comfort-
able old age.

"An editorial in The Century for Septem-
ber, 1894, will bear repeating here.

" 'What a blessed country California must
be, practically exempt as its coast counties
are from the summer complaints of children.
AMiat a boon to young mothers the glorious
climate of the golden shores of the Pacific.
No summer complaints, no diarrhoea of teeth-
ing infants ; no sleepless night, and tired
nerves, and distracted parents, and worn out
doctors, and exhausted nurses, and yarb teas.

" 'There we have a climate for the little
people who are slow in recovering, a climate
which offers hope for parents who have suf-
fered the loss of one or more little ones and
who do not know which wa}- to turn lest they
lose others, perhaps yet unborn, and go child-
less through life.'

"It is the possibility of outdoor life, of every
day in the year in the open air that makes the
children of Santa Clara County so vigorous,
our j^oung men and young women models of
strength and beauty and our elders so sturdy
and well preserved."

Belden and Pfister

Speaking of the weather the following story
in which two of San Jose's distinguished citi-
zens figure has been often told.

Years ago when Adolph Pfister was mayor
of San Jose and David Belden was judge of
the Superior Court of Santa Clara County,
there was a drouth so intense that a W. C. T.
U. convention looked like a spring freshet in
comparison. The ministers and church people
generally prayed for rain and prayed some
more. Meeting Pfister on the street. Judge
Belden said :

"Dolph, it's plain to me that the Lord is
tired of being worried by these people. He
wants to hear from us sinners. Let's you and
me, the two leading sinners of this commun-
ity, take a hand. You pray tonight, and so
will I."

Two days after, with no rain in sight,
Belden met Pfister again. "Look here,
'Dolph," said the judge, "did you pray for
rain?" "No," said Pfister. "Why not, you
old sinner?" "Had a sore knee and couldn't
kneel down." "Well," replied Belden, "you
pray tonight if you have to pray standing."

Whether Pfister ])rayed is not certain, but
the next day it rained and rained plenty.
Water fell in pails full. Everything was wet.
It kept on raining. Then it rained some more.
And then rained. Once more Belden met
Pfister. "See here, 'Dolph," he said, "did you
pray for this rain;" "Course I did," said
Pfister. "Well," said Belden reflectively, "I'm
glad we didn't start together as I first sug-
gested, and I'm willing to give you most of
the credit. But say, Pfister, don't you think
it's about time to inform the Lord that he is
l)eing too darned good to us?"

An Auto Camp

The Directors of the San Jose Chamber of
Commerce, realizing the need of providing ac-
commodations for the hundreds of automobile
tourists who are now passing through San
Jose from all over the United States, have es-
tablished an emergenc}' auto camp at Ceoar
Brook Park, Twelfth and Keyes Streets. Ac-
tion was taken in the matter in order to pre-
^■ent visitors from passing through the city
and going to other points before they had pro-
perly seen San Jose. The park is available for
immediate usage, under a lease obtained from
the owner by the Chamber.

The new camping site covers an area of
more than four acres, in which are hundreds
of trees, benches and tables for the use of
patrons, and numerous large buildings which
could be used for shelter in case of heavy
rains. Ample lighting facilities are provided
by strings of electric lights running over the
enter grounds, and a caretaker will be on duty
all the time, it is stated, to assist and advise
tourists in making their camp.

In order to aid campers who are passing
through the city to find the grounds the
Chamber of Commerce has arranged to place
signs on the Alameda-Oakland Boulevard
and South First Street, where they enter the
city, directing people how to get there. The
camp abuts onto Coyote Creek, along whose
banks is an abundance of willows. The entire
acreage is covered with a floor of grass, and
a wonderful view of the mountains of the east-
ern slope of the valley is an added attraction.

Presidential Elections

Following is the vote cast in Santa Clara
County at the clift'erent Presidential elections
since the admission of California into the
LTnion.

1852— Pierce (D.), 829; Scott (Whig), 682.

1856— Buchanan (D.), 809; Fremont (R.),
576; Bell (Ind.), 673.

1860— Lincoln (R.), 1477; Douglas (North-
ern D.), 881; Breckenridge (Southern D.),
722.

308

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

186-^Liiicoln (R.), 1930; McClellan (D.),
1202.

1868— Grant (R.), 2307; Seymour (D.),
2330.

1872— Grant (R.), 2219; Greeley (D, and
Lib. R.), 1670.

1876— Hayes (R.), 3326; Tilden (D.), 3065.

1880— Garfield (R.), 3116; Hancock (D.),
2820.

1884— Blaine (R.), 3839; Cleveland (D.),
3172.

1888— Harrison (R.), 4463; Cleveland (D.),
3933.

1892— Harrison (R.), 4624; Cleveland (D ,)
4169.

1896— McKinley (R.), 6315; Bryan (D.),
4443.

1900— McKinley (R.), 7119; Bryan (D,),
4672.

1904— Roosevelt (R.), 8274; Parker (D.),
3090.

1908— Taft (R.), 7,988; Bryan (D.), 3836.
1912— Roosevelt (Prog. & R.), 10968; Wil-
son (D.), 9173.

In the 1912 primaries, held in May, Roose-
velt and Taft were the Republican contestants.
The result eliminated Taft, the vote for per-
sonal choice being 3296 for Roosevelt and
1666 for Taft. Roosevelt delegates to the Na-
tional Republican Convention were elected at
the same time. At the November election
Taft, although he was the Republican nom-
inee of the National Convention, had no place
on the printed ticket. He received a few writ-
ten-in votes, but the great bulk of the votes
went to Roosevelt, who was nominated by
the newly formed Progressive party.

1916— Hughes (R.), 16660; AVilson (D.),
14222.

1920— Harding (R.), 19,565 ; Cox (D.), 6506;
Debs, 1667; Watkins, 1014.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

LATEST HISTORICAL RECORD

In August, 1920, the name. Farm Owners
and Operators was changed to the Federa-
tion of American Farmers. At the annual
meeting, held November 7, the following trus-
tees were elected :

District No. 1 — Robert Britton, Morgan
Hill; Dr. H. R. Chesbro, Gilroy ; J. J. Nielson,
Morgan Hill; J. W. Britton, Morgan Hill.
District No. 2 — J. A. Fair, San Jose; John
Hassler, San Jose; A. R. McClay, San Jose;
J. S. HensiU, San Jose. District No. 3— T. D.
Landels, San Jose ; J. J. McDonald, Milpitas ;
A. M. Foster, San Jose ; H. F. Currjr, gan Jose.
District No. '1 — A. P. Freeman, Lawrence
Station; A. W. Greathead, San Jose; S. E.
Johnson, Cupertino; V. T. McCurdy, Santa
Clara. District No. 5 — Luther Cunningham
Saratoga ; R. P. Van Orden, Mountain View ;
AV. FI. Hobson, Los Gatos ; C. E. Warren,
Cupertino. Trustees at large — E. L. Fellows,
Santa Clara; E. K. Clendenning, Campbell;
T. J. Henderson, Campbell ; J. K. Durst, Sun-
nyvale, and F. C. Wilson, Sunnyvale.

In August, 1920, the Liberty Amusement
Company, represented by James Beatty, man-
ager of the Liberty Theater, purchased the
old Brassey building and the old telephone
building on South Market Street, together
with a frontage of twenty-four feet on South
First Street, for the purpose of erecting a new
$300,000 motion picture house. Work will be-
gin in 1922.

During August, 1920, workmen removed
l^art of the old adobe wall, the last relic of the
famous old Mission of Santa Clara, that for
years has marked the confines of an old struc-
ture harboring a part of the present univer-
sity. Researches made in 1920 to establish
the site of the first Mission have been care-
fully made, and the Catholic Fathers at the
University of Santa Clara believe that the site
selected by George Bray, a member of the
Santa Clara County Historical Society, on the
Laurel Wood near Agnew ranch is the correct
one, and a monument will be set up on the
spot, which is about a mile north of Santa
Clara. On account of floods a second site was
located and the corner stone was laid by
Father Junipero Serra November 19, 1781, the
first cross on the Laurel Wood site having
been planted on January 12, 1777. The sec-
ond Mission, near the present Santa Clara
railroad depot, was destroyed by two earth-
quakes, one in 1812, the other in 1818. The
third and last site was selected in 1818.

In July, 1920, the Mohawk Oil Company
leased 12,000 acres on the Dodge and De Hart
property about a mile and half above Chit-
tenden and commenced drilling for oil
in 1921. The company's engineers sel-
ected seven favorable locations for drilling,
one of which is on the spot of the old Hum-
phrey Mormon settlement, founded there t.i
1843, the buildings of which were burned to

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

309

the ground several years ago. The Shell Oil
Company has gone into the business on a
larger scale, having leased 12,000 acres to the
left of Sargent, on the Miller & Lux property,
and has already erectctl t\\'o derricks. The
Shell people are spending large sums of
money to develop this district.

The census iigures for the cities and towns
in Santa Clara Count}', released in August,
show that the count)' has a total population of
100,588, a gain of 17,050 since 1910, One in-
teresting figure is that of San Jose Township,
which has 56,812. It is said that this repre-
sents the true population of San Jose much
more nearly than the 39,604 given out.

The figures for the towns are as follows :

1920 1910 1900

Alviso, Town 517 402

Gilrov City 2,812 2,437 1,820

Los Gatos, Town . . . 2,317 2,323 1,915

Mavfield, Town 1,127 1,0+1

Morgan Hill, Town . 646 607

Mountain View, Town 1,888 1.161

Palo Alto, City .... 5,900 4,486 1,658

Santa Clara, Town . 4,998 4,348 3,650

San Jose, City 39,604 28,946 21,500

Sunnyvale, Town . . . 1,675 .... ....

In July the California Walnut Growers As-
sociation was granted a lease of five years on
the old Dame property in Santa Clara and
will locate their plant on this site. The struc-
ture will be 60 X 80 feet, and the Santa Clara
Count}- Association, affiliated with the Cali-
fornia, plans to handle from 250 to 400 tons
of walnuts every year. The present officers of
the Association are T. J. Martin, president ; G.
Payne, vice-president : C, J, Parks, secretary
and treasurer. These men, with J. Conner, O.
R. Prien, of Morgan Hill, Mr. Ayers, of
Mountain View, and D. Luther, compose the
board of directors. Joseph A. Conner was
elected manager.

The complete list of Santa Clara County
boys in service during the European War
"who received citations or decorations for dis-
tinguished or meritorious service is as follows:

Frank Angell, Stanford University; Cheva-
liers de I'ordere de la couronne.

Captain R. W. Ashley, Palo Alto; British
military cross.

Mrs. Frances Bean, San Jose; cited by Bel-
gium.

Milton Brown, Stanford University; letter
of commendation.

Lieutenant Douglas Campbell, Mt. Hamil-
ton; distinguished service cross; four oak
leaves; ace; Legion of Honor.

Kenneth Campbell, Mt. Hamilton; Italian
war cross.

Donald Clark, Stanford ; Croix de guerre.

Wm. H. Rhodes, San Jose; Croix de guerre;

Lieutenant C. C. Cottrell, San Jose; two
American citations.

Philip A. Daley, Morgan Hill; distinguish-
eil service cross.

Rowland W. Dodson, San Jose; Croix de
guerre.

Professor H. R. Fairclough, Stanford Uni-
\'ersit}' ; (jrder of the white eagle.

Harold Gentry, Stanford University; letter
of commendation.

Corporal Reuben L. George, San Jose; dis-
tinguished service cross.

John Goodman, Stanford; Croix de guerre.

Sgt. Walter J. Gores, Stanford University ;
Croix de guerre.

Bryce G. Greene, San Jose ; Croix de guerre.

Sgt. Floyd Hopping, Los Gatos ; distin-
guished service cross.

Sing Kee, San Jose ; cited by America ; dis-
tinguished service cross.

Mrs. Charlotte Kellogg, Stanford Univer-
sity ; chevaliers de I'ordere de la couronne.

Harper H. Lewis, San Jose; cited by Amer-
ica.

Palmer W. Lewis, San Jose ; Croix de
guerre.

American citation.

Prof. Samuel Swayze Seward Jr., Palo Alto;
French Legion of Honor.

Corporal J. Howell Smith, Stanford Uni-
versity; Italian war cross.

A\'alter R. Suess, San Jose ; Croix de guerre.

Fred E. Vasquez, San Jose ; distinguished
service cross.

Maurice AVidby, San Jose ; letter of com-
mendation.

Captain Robert Woodville, Palo Alto ;
French and American citation.

Sergeant Elmer T. Worthy, Stanford Uni-
versity ; American citation ; distinguished ser-
vice cross.

Three more should be credited to Palo Alto.
Alan Nichols, before he was killed, was award-
ed the Croix de guerre, and afterward two
palms were added. John Greer was cited for
bravery and awarded the Croix de guerre.
Sara F, Harker received a decoration from
the Queen of Belgium.

In August, 1920, Santa Clara voted gram-
mar school bonds in the sum of $100,000.
Bonds for a new high school were also car-
ried.

In August, 1920, $90 and $100 per ton were
offered for wine grapes in Santa Clara Coun-
ty. A dehydrating plant with modern machin-
ery was opened for business in Los Gatos on
August 26, 1920.

A Council of Boy Scouts of America was
organized in San Jose in August, 1920. Of-
ficers were elected as follows: president, Rob-

310

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ert I. Bentley, Jr. ; first vice-president, Archer
Bowden ; second vice-president, Charles L.
Snyder ; third vice-president, Dr. J. L. Pritch-
ard ; secretary, J. Derol Chace ; treasurer,
A, B. Post, Fifteen acres in Alu"i Rock
Park were set aside for the exclusive use
and jurisdiction of the local Scouts, and were
first used in 1921.

Announcement was made early in October,
1920, by several men closely connected with
the Port Sunnyvale project that the Federal-
Poulsen Telegraph and Construction, which
had been operating a radio plant at Palo Alto,
had secured a site from the Spring Valley
Water Company about 1500 feet south of the
turning bowl of the port for the erection of
the largest radio station on the Pacific Coast.
The new station will be one of the most pow-
erful in existence, having sufficient power to
send and receive messages to and from all
parts of the world. Over 112 tons of struc-
tural steel, to be used in the construction of
the tower, which is to he 600 feet high, are
being prepared in San Francisco. Several
carloads of piling have been ordered by the
company for use in construction of the plant,
which will occupy a site approximately 400
feet scjuare. Over 4,000 cubic yards of con-
crete are to be used in the construction of the
necessary buildings. The cost of the entire
plant is estimated at somewhere in the neigh-
borhood of $175,000. The Federal-Poulsen
people plan to build a similar plant at Port-
land, Ore., the Sunnyvale plant and the Port-
land plant to be worked together on many
messages. It was, however, found necessary
to construct the Sunnyvale plant before start-
ing work on the Oregon station.

D, B. Levin, for many years manager of the
local Hippodrome Theater, was, in Septem-
iDer, 1920, appointed manager of the Loew
photoplay department of the Pacific Coast.
William H. White was appointed San Jose
manager.

On September 27, 1920, the San Jose Coun-
cil reduced the annual salary of the city man-
ager from $6000 to $,^600, On October 5, W,
C, Bailey, the manager, was discharged, and
C, B, Goodwin, city engineer, was appointed
in his stead.

In Septem1)er, 1920, articles of incorpora-
tion of the Direct Steel Process Company,
which is to have its principal place of business
in San Jose, were filed with the county clerk
by B, W, Lorigan, attorney. According to
the articles the new concern is incorporated
for the purpose of constructing iron works,
foundries, rolling mills, developing and work-

ing iron ore, manganese ore, limestone, and
other ore. Robert Lang, of Oakland, and
Howard Bardue, W. J. Johnston, George
Frank and Charles H. Nash are directors of
the corporation.

Development of the Moody Gulch oil lands,
situated in the Santa Cruz Mountains, above
Alma, were undertaken on an extensive scale
in October, 1920, as a result of the leasing
of the holdings by the Trigonia Oil Company,
an Oregon corporation. Wells were cleared
out and twenty-five new wells were sunk.
Charles Lilly, a Los Angeles capitalist, is the
heaviest stockholder in the company. The oil
thus far produced has a high grade paraffin
base. Gasoline is also produced.

In September, 1920, a rich quicksilver strike
was made at the Guadalupe mine. H. C. Davy
is the owner of tlie property and he claims
that the mine now ought to be good for 400
or 500 flasks of quicksilver a month.

In October, 1920, the city of San Jose used
$33,000 out of the funds paid to the city from
the estate of the late Anna E. C. Eackesto in
the purchase of a park site in the second
ward. The property is located between
Twelfth, Thirteenth, Empire and Jackson
Streets, and was formerly owned by J. O. A.
Ballou. A tract of land adjoining may be pur-
chased by the board of education for the bene-
fit of the school department.

In 1922 P. H, Scullin, general secretary and
organizer of the National Industrial and Peace
Association, organized a branch in San Jose.
It is claiined that the Assocation is one of the
most efficient organizations in behalf of per-
manent industrial peace. On April 27th Dr.
Ray W'ilbur, president of Stanford University,
was chosen president. The directors are Dr.
A. C. Jayet, Dr. Tully C. Knoles, Victor
Challen, F. J. Rogers, Dr. H. C. Brown, Mrs,
J. R. Rogers, Rev. Chas. Pease, Rabbi H. B.
Franklin, Rev, ]. M, Ross, Mrs. A. T. Herr-
mann, Mrs. E. E. Stahl, Mrs. E. H, Osburn,
C, D. Harvey, A. L. Wilson.

Figures given in the report of the State Con-
troller show that San Jose is the cheapest gov-
erned city of approximate population in the
state. The per capita costs are: Berkeley,
$12.49: Long Beach, $15.61; Pasadena, $20,57;
Fresno, $15,94: Stockton. $18,23; Alameda,
$13,25; San Jose, $11.92. On May 1, 1922, at
an election an ordinance was carried fixing the
rate of taxation from December 1, 1922, to
December 1, 1923, at $1.30 on each $100 of
taxable property, exclusive of the amount
necessary to pay principal and interest on the
Ijonded indebtedness of the city. The rate it
supplants is $1.35.

BIOGRAPHICAL

JUDGE JOHN EVAN RICHARDS.— A distin-
guished pioneer, eminent in the pubHc and intellectual
life in which he has so long and so actively partici-
pated, is John Evan Richards, Judge of the District
Court of Appeals of the First District, who resides at
338 South Tenth Street. San Jose, near which city
he was born on July 7, 1856. His father, Richard
Evan Richards, was born in Llangollen, Wales, while
his mother, Mary Hamilton before her marriage, was
a native of Ballykelly, County Derry, Ireland. The
father emigrated to the United States in the early
thirties and followed the trade of an engraver in the
State of New York. In 1849, drawn by the world-
wide movement toward the California gold-fields, he
came to California by way of Cape Horn and engaged
in mining on the south fork of the American River,
where he mined successfully for about two years. In
1851, however, he removed to Santa Clara County
and settled near Edenvale. There he purchased a
ranch, which he devoted to the raising of stock and
grain. Mary Hamilton who had broken away from
the narrow environment of her native village and
come to the United States in 1837, had also followed
the golden lure and come to California in 1852 by
way of Panama, settling in the Santa Clara Valley.
In 1854 Richard Richards and Mary Hamilton were
married and in 1856 the subject of this sketch was
born. Seven years later Richard Richards purchased
a ranch at Berryessa, to which the family moved, and
there in 1867 he died, from congestion of the lungs.
His widow and only son continued to reside at Ber-
ryessa for the next several years during which the
boy gained his early training in the public school.

Judge Richards recalls with the fondest memories
his days at the Redwood schoolhouse at Berryessa.
He used, for example, Wilson's Fifth Reader, issued
in 1864, and even now, when the Judge wishes inspir-
ation for a public address, he takes down his boy-
hood copy of this once famous school classic, and
cons over some of the sketches, many of which he
then learned by heart.

In 1869, Mrs. Richards and her son went to Ire-
land, by way of the transcontinental railroad, on a
visit' to her childhood home. It took seven days to
cross the continent by rail and an equal time was
required for the ocean passage to Liverpool. The
trip held in store many wonderful experiences for
the CaHfornia country lad who had never before ridden
on a railroad train or ocean liner. Every day on land
and sea was a new marvel to his eager eye and
retentive memory and he still relates with zest the
incidents of that early experience.

Arriving in the north of Ireland with his mother,
they remained there for a year, during which time
the boy attended the same school, taught by the
self-same pedagogue to which his mother had gone in
her childhood. Master Brewster was the Irish school-
master's name; he had taught there for more than
fifty years- and the thoroughness of the instruction
imparted is still recalled with grateful recollection.
The youth was much impressed with the simple yet
sturdy habitudes of the Scotch-Irish people, whose

21

lives were occupied in tlie growing and marketing
of their products and in otherwise discharging the
plain, everyday duties of their rather insular exis-
tence. Some forty years afterward a correspondence
sprang up between Judge Richards and a cousin, who
still lives in the region, and the well-read Judge
marvels at her letters, which, with no other basis
than that exceptional early training, are wells of
English undefiled. At the end of a year, however,
the mode of life in this old and easy-going country
Ijcgan to pall upon them and Mrs. Richards and her
son decided to return to California. Upon reaching
home they took up their residence in San Jose, and
there the youth attended the old high school of San
Jose which then stood upon the site of the present
Horace Mann school, remaining in that institution
two years. In 1872 he matriculated at the University
of the Pacific where he took up the classical course,
and from which he was graduated in 1877 with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then went to Ann
Arbor, Mich., entering the Law School of the Uni-
versity of Michigan; and in 1879 graduated from
that university with the degree of Bachelor of Laws.
Returning to California, he was admitted to practice
in the Supreme Court; and soon became actively in-
terested in the social, educational and political life
of the community in which he lived. In addition to
the duties of his growing practice he became
chief editorial writer on the "Mercury" with the idea
of thereby perfecting his literary style. He also lec-
tured upon economics, history, rhetoric and law in
the University of the Pacific, and he also early be-
came a lecturer upon varied subjects and a writer of
very acceptable verse. In 1895, Mr. Richards opened
a.n office in San Francisco as general counsel for the
San Francisco "Call."

In 1907 he was appointed Judge of the Superior
Court of Santa Clara County, to succeed Judge A. L.
Rhodes, in which position he served six years, when
he was appointed by Governor Johnson to the posi-
tion of Associate Justice for the District Court of
Appeals for the First District. Since then, Judge
Richards has been twice re-elected to the eminent
position which he now holds. In 1918, he served a
year as Justice pro tem of the Supreme Court, dur-
ing the illness of one of the members, and since that
time he has been several times recalled to that court
for a like service. In state and national affairs Judge
Richards is a life-long Republican, but in local affairs
he has never permitted politics to interfere with his
support of the best measures and the best men.

At San Jose, on November 23, 1881, Judge Rich-
ards was married to Miss Mary Wallace Westphal,
a native of San Francisco, where she was born in
1858, the daughter of John T. and Mary (Percy)
Westphal. Her father was at one time County Clerk
for San Francisco, while the Percys are of Scotch-
English extraction, sprung from the Percys of Nor-
thumberland. Miss Westphal attended the schools
of Santa Clara County, and afterwards became an
instructor in the public schools in the vicinity. She
has always been, and still is active in the women's

316

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

social, reliKious and education movements in tlie
community. She is one of the earliest and most
devoted members of the Monday Club. She has also
been treasurer of the Pratt Home for many years,
and is an active member of the Woman's Guild of
the Trinitj- Episcopal Church, and was its president
for a number of years. Two children blessed this
happy union of Judge and Mrs. Richards, John
Percy Richards, who is in business in San Francisco,
and Donald Wallace Richards who is an attorney at
law, with offices in San Jose. Judge Richards is a
member of Golden Gate Lodge No. 3t) of the Masonic
order, in San Francisco. He is also a member of the
Observatory p'arlor of the Native Sons, and Modoc
Tribe of Red if en of San Francisco; and he is also
an active member of the Society of California
Pioneers.

Judge and Mrs. Richards live in a ifuaint old home
on South lllth Street, built in 1862 by J. H. Flick-
inger, and in the beautiful garden of which are still
to be seen some of the trees which the latter jjlanted
in that year. Forty-one years later, the Judge bought
the place, and he has lived there ever since. There
is a great cherry tree on the place, the largest in the
region; the trunk measuring thirty inches m diameter,
and the limbs spreading more than fifty feet. In
1918 this tree bore a thousand pounds of luscious
cherries. The Jud.ge also has a ranch of seven acres
in the foothills six miles east of San Jose, mainly
devoted to an orchard, but the grounds about the
house arc given over to the cultivation of wild flowers.
upon which Mrs. Richards is an authority and is
often called to deliver talks upon in different parts
of the state. The garden is really glorious during
most seasons of the year, due to the interesting effort
on the part of its owners to assemble every available
species of California wild-flower life. Both Judge
and Mrs. Richards are sincere and earnest students,
fond of reading and lovers of books; and not a month
passes but what some valuable work in classics in
science, in philosophy, in poetry or in general liter-
ature is added to their large and valuable liljrary.

S. F. LEIB, — l'*or more than half a centur>- associ-
ated with the jurisprudence of Santa Clara County,
Judge S. i''. Leib forcibly impressed his personal
and professional worth upon the community. A
native of Fairfield County, Ohio, he was born in the
year 1848, his parents, Joseph and Clarissa (Allen)
Leib, being natives of the states of Pennsylvania and
Ohio, respectiveh'.

S. I''. Leib received his preliminary education in
the public schools of Ohio; later at a private academy
before entering the University of Michigan, where
he was graduated in 1869, receiving his degree of
LL. B. In the spring of 1864, at the age of sixteen,
he enlisted in Company ¥,. One Hundred Fiftj'-ninth
Volunteers, Ohio Infantry, serving in the last year
of the war. He is now a member of the John Dix
Post No. 42, G. A. R. In 1869 he removed to San
Jose, where he entered the law firm of Moore and
Laine, and later D. M. Delmas entered the firm.
This partnership was dissolved in 1879. During the
year of 1903, Mr. Leib was appointed Judge of the
Superior Court of Santa Clara County, but resigned
before the end of the year to resume his private
practice. P'or years he has served as vice-president
of the First National Rank of San Jose; also as
director and attorney for the bank. The attainments
of this fine and noble early settler arc such as to

enroll him for all time with the history builders of
the beautiful Santa Clara Valley.

His marriage December 15, 1874, united him with
Miss Lida Campbell Grissim, and to them have been
born five children; Lida C the wife of Chas. D.
Armstrong of Omaha; lilna, the wife of Professor
H. W. Wright; Frank A., manager of one of the
Leib orchards; Roy C, attorney at law and partner
of Mr. Leib; Earl, a resident of Los Angeles. Mr.
and Airs. Leib also have four grandchildren. Politi-
cally Mr. Leib is a stalwart supporter of the Rcpul)-
lican party; religiously he was born and reared a
Methodist. He occupies an enviable position in the
community in which he lives, as a man who serves
wisely and well as a jurist, and commands the highest
esteem of those with wdiom he has been associated.
Aside from his legal practice, Mr. Leib is extensive-
ly interested in orchard property.

WILLIAM G. ALEXANDER.— A man of force-
ful character and brilliant attainments, William G.
Alexander is an acknowledged leader in the business
world, having throughout the years of his commer-
cial career met with such success that he now occu-
pies a merited position of power and influence
throughout the state. He was born in St. Louis, Mo.,
February 25, 1867, the son of the late John Hender-
son y-Vlexander. a native of Tennessee, who migrated
to California as one of the .Argonauts of 1849. He
tried his luck at mining for two years and then was
in business in Sacramento and later in San Francisco.
He returned to St. Louis in 1853 and 1863, in De-
catur, 111., married Susan P~dmundson, a native of
that state. In 1880 the Alexander family came to
California and settled in San Jose, where the father
became secretary of the Independent Mill and Lum-
ber Company. His death occurred on November
26, 1893; Mrs. Susan Alexander passed away July
8, 1917. There are three survivors of the family:
a daughter, Mrs. Nellie A. Keith, and two sons,
William (j. and John E. Alexander, the latter a resi-
dent of San Francisco.

William G. Alexander, who has made his own way
from bo\diood, was graduated from the San Jose
high school, class of '83; and later he entered the
College of the Pacific, but on account of impaired
health, he was obliged to discontinue his studies.
He then took up work in the office with his father,
where he learned bookkeeping; and afterwards he
was emplo>-ed as bookkeeper by the Crystal Palace
Tea Co., a grocery firm. In 1887 he entered the cm-
ploy of the Central Millin.g Company as an account-
ant, and when this company was incorporated with
the Spcrry Flour Company in 1892, he was made
manager of the San Jose office. In that capacity he
developed his wonderful executive ability, which was
soon recognized by his employers, and in 1906 he
was made a director and general sales manager as a
reward for bis fidelity and valued services.

In 1909, Mr. .'Mexandcr accepted the position of
president and general mana.ger of the Keystone Com-
|)any, one of the largest wholesale grocery firms in
Santa Clara Count\', at a time when they were oc-
cupyin.g rented property with a frontage of forty
feet; and such has l)een the extraordinary growth
of the business under his leadership that today they
have their own concrete bnildin.g with a frontage of
178 feet and extending from Market to San Pedro
Street, with entrances from both streets. Thcs' have

Erigd 1-iy Ca.n-iiiliBll BrniAur',. To)- HiRi.nrr;: RfnoiTj ld.

HISTORY Ol- SAN'IW CLARA C( >UN'rV .'^l'^

'■'lie of the most complete cotTee-roa.stiiiK iilants on raiilli. Mr. Alexander was one of tin' ineori)oratinK
tile I'aeitie Coast, and the\' earr\' an extensive' line direetors of the Masonic Hall Associal ion and elect-
ol staple and fancy groceries, as well as a complete ed the In'st president, holding ofliee from 1'J(I2 to
line of paper and wooden ware. 'riie\' employ ei,L;ht I'Ml, when he resif^ned on acconnt ol jiressnre ot
salesmen at present, w1hi carelnlly co\er the tern- pri\;ite husiness. He was one of the leading spirits
'ory from San h'rancisco to San Luis Obispo, all and most iirominent lactors in hnildiim the Masonic
\\orkinf)- systematically under Mr. .\lexander, who Mall in San Jose, one f)f the hest appointed and
has de\-oted much thou.tjlit and time to the iierfection finest temples on the coast and to no one is more
ot the hest husiness methods and plans. One mcu'c creilit due for this heautifid edilice than he. He
'-"haracteristic that makes Mr. Alexander stand preemi- was formerly a l'resh> terian, servin.L;" for years
'lent in San Jose is his thouiihtfulness for the comlort as an elder of the Second I'reshyterian Church
and Welfare of his employes at the Keystone Comjiany. of San Jose; was active on various important
."\t considerahle expense he ec|uipped a well-appomted, church committees for thirty years and did his full
sanitary- lunch room for their convenience, overlook- share to build up the membership; was once elected
iu.l;" nothing that xvould add to their comfort. The Moderator of the S.an Jose Presliytery and at one
highest wa.Ltes are paid by him and each emplo\'e time was the representative at the (■eneral Assem-
c^it the large plant has shown a lo)-alty to him that bly in St. Louis; but is now a member of the
IS most commendable. He is also president and gen- Christian Assembly. He was a charter member and
eral manager of the Alexander-Balart Compan\- of one of the most active workers in the local V. M.
San I'rancisco, an exclusive coffee company which C. A. and served as its president; in fact has served
has built up a very lucrati\-e trade in the I'acitic on every committee and did yeoman service to main-
Coast states. tain the association, was one of the few v.dio stood
^Ir Alexander has been a director and the secre- behind it and reorganized and put the present bod}-
tar\- of the Garden Cit\' Bank and Trust Com- on its feet, serving as the first president after re-
pan\- for the past twent\--tliree years, and is a organization. He has contributed liberally of both
member of the executive committee — a very im- time and money to maintain the organization, and is
piortant factor m Imilding up the bank's exten- also a past president of the State ^■. M. C. A.
sive business.^ He is the president of the Conser- ^3^,^.^,^, interested in the welfare of the young peo-
vat.ve Realty Company, which has built up South hirst p,^.^ ^j,.; Alexander was for seven vears superintend-
•^^''^■'-'V ^'°' "'-■.'"'•>■ h""^-^'" -"■f'"^ l"" "";■"''• f o'''^'*;" c-rit of the Intermediate Christian 'Endeavor Society
president and director ot the San Jose Mutual Lu, d- ^^ j,^^, presbvtenan Church and during those vear's
mg and Loan Association, and dunngthat penoc this _^_^^^,^,,. „^,^^^.^,- ^ meeting. He was one of the o^gan-

concern was an important factor m furnishing funds . t ti c * r-i n » r^ r^ 1 1 ■

, , , . . ' . ■ , 1 , izers of the Santa Clara Countv C. 1'.,. Union, ac-

and helpmg its members to acunire suitable homes, ^^^^_ ._^ ^^^_^ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^1^.^^ ^_^j ^^^-^ ^^.^^^ organization,

thereby building up the city. Later, he withdrew .^^^^^ .^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ president of both. During the

from this association and engaged in the hanking -wr 1 1 w v •-■ 1 c i-u *

" , , ^ "^ . „ , World War he was an active member of the countv

business because of the arger opportunity ottered. .. ... , ^, 1 ■ ic 1 i i,

. , '^ . ^' -,-„,., . executive committee and threw himself wdiole-heart-

He was one ot the organizers ot the California n ■ t ,.1 1 f ti ■ .■ i

. , -^ , . , , ediv into the work ot the organization for raising
Prune and Apricot Growers, Inc., is secretarv ot the - -, , . . .'
. MJ s^i vj , , , , ," , ,- tunds and conserving the resources ot the county in
executive committee and a member ot the hoard ot , . , . ,,. , , 1 ,. 1 1 ■ ' ■
exeeuLne e uiiiui. l it ^ a o. , thc causc of the Allies and largeh' through his m-
directors and was appointed b\- Governor Stephens „ c * r^i r< <- " »" •■ ^i
eiiieeie.1^, a.na » a. Qpi ', , i -.-iri », tlueucc Santa Clara Countv went over the top
as the state's representative on the board, vvnen tne . . 1 1 t* i "■ a inno/ .\
as iiie siflLe s .^jji^^^ i r ■ ^- ^r m everv loan and l)eneht drive. As a lu07e Ameri-
local association was m course ot organization, Mr. 1 ' r -i 1 i-i n * 1 1 ■ i
local assoeiaiiuii i% a.. , * ^ • ■, ■ Can hc subscribed liberally to every bond issue and
Alexander made speeches a 1 over the state m its m- ^ a * 1 . ' u ' r .1
i-iccKaiieici iiia.jt . pt ^ ^ contributed to every cause. He was one ot the
terests and did much to insure its organization, t-le ,._ ir- ^ vr ■■' 1 » 1 .1 ^ ^ - ^i
iciesLs aiiu uja muy tw _ a ' Four Muiute Men and stumped the state tor the
is a live wire m the Chamber ot Commerce and a . ^ ■ ^i
js a uxe \\iie i.. II t v., _ various causes necessarv to win the war.
past member ot the board ot managers, and has ap- ,, ,, , " ■ , ■ ■ -r^
peared before various chambers in the county and ^''"^■^'f,^,;^"'^" 'J^' 7''"^ m marriage on Dc=cem-
elsewhere in the interest of community welfare work ber 2,3, 1890, m San Jose, with Miss Edith Cory,
for several years past He is one of three men who a native daughter born into the family of Dr. Ben-
bought the 'lot and erected the Alexandria building, Jamin Cory and his wife, pioneers of 1847 m Cali-
named in his honor, on the corner of Second and forma. She attended the public schools and the Col-
San Antonio streets Mr Alexander has the distinc- IcR^-' of the Pacific and grew up in San Jose. They
tion 'of being one of the freeholders who drafted have an adopted daughter, Ruth L., who married
the charter for the commission form of government Merle A. lilliott of Chico on July 4, 1918, and there
for San Jose. He is a member of the Lions', Coun- is a granddaughter, Ruth Edith Elliott,
tr^- and Commercial clubs of San Jose. As one of It will be seen from the fore.going that Mr. Al-
th'e organizers and for fifteen years the president of exander contributes .generously of both his time and
the San lose Coffee Club, a philanthropic enter- means to advance the moral and educational, as
nrise of the community, he aided in building up, from w-ell as thc commercial life of the city, county and
a small beginning to a large business undertaking, a state He is a firm believer in progress in all things,
philanthrop\' that has rendered a necessary and is public spirited to a high degree and always reach'
valuable service to many. to lend his aid to every worth-while project where

Mr Alexander is a Mason, belonging to San Jose the welfare of the people is concerned. He gives

I o'dge No If), F. S: A. M., Howard Chapter No. for thc joy of giving and for thc pleasure it brings

14 R A M San Jose Commander^- No Id. K. T., to others, all charitable organizations find in him

of' which he is a past commander; is a member and a warm friend and his philanthropies are many and

past patron of both San Jose Chapter No. 31. O. E. S. varied. His neighbors have aKvays been his warm-

and Sainte Claire Court No. 31, Order of Ama- est friends— a prett\' fair test of a sell-made man's

321)

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

real worth, and the esteem he enjoys — and all with
whom he has been associated have felt the force and
influence of his large and generous nature.

EVERIS ANSON HAYES.— The traits of char-
acter that have brought distinction and success to
the representatives of the Hayes familjr are a direct
heritage from a long line of forefathers possessing
the sterling qualities of the Scotch race. The family
genealogy shows that many generations gone by,
some of the name crossed the border from Scotland
to the north of England, from which locality in 1683
George Hayes immigrated to Connecticut and be-
came the founder of the family in America. Nu-
merous of his descendants bore a valiant part in the
events culminating in the independence of our nation,
and in every generation the family has evinced the ut-
most loyalty to country and a high type of public
spirit. Following the trend of emigration westward,
early in the nineteenth century the family became
established in what was then the frontier, beyond
the pale of civilization as it then existed.

During the residence of Anson and Mary (Fol-
som) Hayes at Waterloo, Jefferson County, Wis.,
their son, Everis Anson liayes, was born March 10.
1855. The various industries with which his father
was connected, that of railroad contractor, merchant
and farmer, proved sufficiently profitable to enable
him to give his children the best advantages of that
day and locality, and the son, after having com-
pleted the studies of the public school, matriculated
at the University of Wisconsin, froin which he re-
ceived the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1879 and
that of Bachelor of Letters in 1882. Previous to
receiving the latter degree he had made his home
in Madison, Wis., where he was a member of the
common council and a practitioner of growing prom-
inence. During 1883 he removed to Ashland, Wis.,
and formed a partnership with his brother, Jay Orley
Hayes, and Col. John H. Knight. In the spring of
that year their mother, a remarkable woman, who
was away with her son. Jay O., for a needed rest,
heard a voice that said for her sons not to invest
their money in pine lands which might be destroyed
b}' fire, but that there was vast wealth awaiting
them in iron ore to the cast. East of Ashland there
was an unbroken wilderness, and Jay O., to whom
his mother first communicated, said that he knew of
no mines in that direction, but he had implicit faith
in his mother. Again she heard the voice and she
said to her son, "You have a client — a Captain Moore
— who will understand and know about it. Going
to Captain Moore, Mr. Hayes inquired of him if
he knew of any iron ore deposits to the east, to
which the Captain replied in the affirmative — that
he had made explorations there and that the indi-
cations had convinced him that there were valuable
deposits in that locality. Mr. Hayes then told Cap-
tain Moore that if there was an opportunity to in-
vest that he and his brother, E, A. Hayes, would
go in with him.

A short time after this. Jay O. Hayes, while out
in the pine w^oods became very ill, and E. A. suc-
ceeded in getting him back to Madison, Wis., to their
mother's home, where in time he recovered, though
he doubtless would have passed away had it not been
for lier care and help. During this time Captain
Moore came to E. A. Hayes' office in Ashland and
said that he was going to organize an exploration

company in which the eight people comprising it
would have an equal interest, each paying $250. On
inquiry Mr. Hayes found that one share was held
by a saloonkeeper and he asked Captain Moore if he
might not have that eighth instead, so that his mother
might have an interest, but the captain said that he
could not go back on his promise. When Mr. Hayes
told his mother of his wish to secure an interest for
her and his inability to do so, she replied that if it
were intended that she should have it, that she would
get it. Some time after this the brothers met the
saloonkeeper who told them that their money was
being wasted and used for other purposes. Jay O..
said to him, "If that is the case, I presume that you
would like to get out." To this the man agreed and
Jay O. paid him $250, thus securing an eighth inter-
est for his mother. The brothers later purchased an-
other eighth, and still later a fractional share more,
so that they had obtained a controlling interest be-
fore any ore was discovered. Their mother assured
them, however, that out of it would come all the
money they would ever need, and this has indeed
materialized, for it has brought untold wealth. They
sent men to explore the Gogebic region in Michigan
and in due time iron ore was discovered and mines
opened and successfully operated.

They took up their residence at Ironwood, Gogebic
County, where they made a fortune, and in 1887 they
came to California, taking up their residence in Santa
Clara County, where they purchased a valuable ranch
property. However, the panic of '93 that brought dis-
aster to many men and corporations did not miss
them and in 1895 thejr lost all they had in California,
including their ranch, besides being in debt. By
crooked manipulation their mines had also passed
out of their control, so in 1899 they returned to
Gogebic County, Mich., and through the aid of their
old-time friend, Mr. Longyear, brought suit and the
mine was recovered. E. A. Hayes assumed the su-
perintendency and in two years' time had made such
a success that they leased the mine, receiving a pay-
ment of $900,000. The brothers then returned to San
Jose, looked up their old creditors and paid principal
and interest in full. One bank to which they were
indebted had already charged their account to profit
and loss and as a result of the payment made by the
Hayes brothers they were able to declare a special
dividend of twenty per cent. Square and honest, al-
though these notes and obligations were legally out-
lawed, Messrs. Hayes did not look upon it in that
light, for the accounts were not outlawed as far as
they were concerned. The mines in Michigan are still
yielding big returns and they are now opening up a
larger body of ore than they have ever had before,
so that their mother's prophecy is being fulfilled and
the mine continues to yield all the money they nee,i

No event in the business history of the brothers
has surpassed in importance their connection with lo-
cal journalism. In 1900 they acquired the San Jose
Herald and the following year their journalistic in-
terests were greatly increased by the purchase of the
San Jose Mercury, the only morning paper in the
city. Under their keen business management, unsur-
passed tact and sagacious judgment, these papers
have become the most important in the state, out-
side of San Francisco and Los Angeles, and wield
an influence that is not limited to the Santa Clara

d.

^Z^cy-'^f^C

Moyu, 'Ti), -Tf.

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0^2^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

323

^"a^cy, althoiigli their circulation is largest and their
power strongest in the home locality.

A stanch supporter of the Rcpuhlican party, i\[r.
Hayes held the office of chairman of the Republican
Central Committee of Santa Clara County, and fre-
quently "stumped" the state in the interests of the
part\'. In the summer of 1904 he was nominated for
Con,gress by the Republican party, and in November
of that year he was elected a member of Congress
and has been reelected to succeed himself six times.
\\ lule a member of the House, Mr. Hayes served
liis district, state and nation with marked ability and
was tireless and unceasing in his work. During the
whole fourteen years of his service he was a member
of the banking and currency committee and also of
the immigration and naturalization committee, the
last six years being ranking Republican member of
both of the above committees and verj' active in their
measures. In the drawing up of the Federal Re-
serve Act he was very active and had much to do
with its formation, as the draft was submitted to
him each day for suggestions and some of them
were incorporated in the act. He was also a mem-
ber of all conference committees, and legislative rep-
resentative of the House formin,g these committees.
In forming the immigration bill, now in force, he
represented the House on the conference commit-
tee of the Senate and House. The most interesting
piece of work in connection with his legislative duties
was the reorganization of the rules of the House
of Representatives which had come into being dur-
ing the long tenure of Joseph Cannon as speaker.
Mr. Ha3-es organized the fight against these iron-
clad Cannon rules of the House and was chairman
of the insurgents and also of the steering commit-
tee during the whole fight. He was ranking Repub-
lican member of the sub-committee that drafted the
Farm Loan Act passed by the Sixty-fourth Con-
gress, and had more to do with its drafting than
any other man in the country. He was also on the
sub-committee that drafted the Postal Savings law
and next to Chairman Glass was the most active in
its formation and ultimate success.

Mr. Hayes' first marriage, in 1884, united him
w-ith Miss Nettie Louisa Porter, who passed away in
1891. Two years later he was united with Miss
;Mary Louisa Bassett of Whitewater, Wis. Mr.
Hayes is the father of three children by his first
marriage and three by his second, as follows: Sibyl
Charity of Edenvale; Anson Clinton of San Fran-
cisco; Harold Cecil, in business in San Jose; Phyllis
Celestia, the wife of Capt. Robert A. Griffin of
Carmel-by-the-Sea; Ley Bassett, connected with the
Mercury; Abraham Folsom, engaged in ranching in
this county.

Mr. Haves is a prominent member of the Union
League Club of San Francisco, wdiere he has a
host of friends, and in addition to being president of
the Mercury Publishing Company and vice-president
of the Herald Publishing Company, he retains his
interest in the Michigan mines, holding the office of
president of the Hayes Mining Company, owners of
the famous Ashland iron mines at Ironwood, Mich.,
and is president of the Harmony Iron Company,
which owns valuable iron properties in Iron County.
Diversified as are his interests, no detail is neglected
conducive to their success and no efforts are spared
to make each enterprise the peer of others in the

same line of activity. As land owner, mine owner,
investor and publisher, he finds an abundant field
for his varied talents and an opportunity to identify
himself with men foremost in these industries. A
man of keen perception and intuition, he is a public
benefactor and is ever striving to benefit his fellow-
men. Kind, thoughtful, liberal and open-hearted, he
is ever ready to assist those who have been less
fortunate in this world's goods and is generous to a
fault. Of deep religious convictions and exemplify-
ing a high standard of morals, he governs his life
by the principles of the Golden Rule. Indissolubly
associated with the history of San Jose and Santa
Clara County, his name will be perpetuated in many
enterprises of permanent value to the country's and
city's pro.gress.

LEOPOLD HART.— Not every city in the United
States of the size of San Jose may boast of such an
extensive, well organized and well conducted mer-
cantile establishment as that of L. Hart & Son Com-
pany, whose founder and first president, Leopold
Hart, may well be called the merchant pioneer of the
town. A man of great honesty and integrity, he
was esteemed by all who made his acquaintance, and
at his passing on April 12, 1904, a void was left in the
ranks of the pioneers that would be impossible to fill.
He was born at Forsbach, Alsace Lorraine, Feb-
ruary 7, 1829, and received a good education in the
schools of his locality that admirably fitted him for
a business career in later years. He had a natural
bent for business and when he was twenty-one years
old made up his mind to come to the New World and
in 18S0 he arrived in the United States. He remained
in the East until in 1856, w-hen he arrived in Santa
Clara County, where for a short time he was a clerk
in a store situated on the present site of the Growers
Bank building. In 1862 he made a trip back to his
native land for a visit and upon his return here estab-
lished a dry goods and clothing store in Santa Clara,
continuing there for a number of years. While a
resident of that tow-n, Mr. Hart was elected town
treasurer and so managed the financial affairs of the
place that it was placed on a very substantial foot-
ing. In many ways he showed his public spirit by
joining in all movements for the public good.

Having made a success in Santa Clara, Mr. Hart
thought the city of San Jose held better inducements
and he bought the Corner Cash store from Mr.
Steinbach, located at the corner of Market and West
Santa Clara streets. This building faced Market
street and as the city grew apace the store grew with
it and gradually grew into a' busy center. It was Mr.
Hart who gave to San Jose its first brick store build-
ing and from that small beginning he saw one of the
largest emporiums from San Francisco to Los An-
geles, along the coast, develop. In 1902 the firm
became L. Hart & Son Company, when A. J. Hart
was taken into the firm, his father gradually retiring
from the management. This later growth will be
found chronicled in the sketch of A. J. Hart on
another page of this history. However, credit must
be given the intrepid pioneer who builded better than
he knew and all honor paid to Leopold Hart, the
founder. All during his busy career, Mr. Hart was
alert to aid all projects for the advancement of
business, social and educational conditions of city,
county and state. He was no politician in the sense
of seeking office, but he was interested in putting the
best man in the office, regardless of party lines. He

324 HISTORY' OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

\vas a member of the Odd Fellows and of B'nai the I'niversity of Wisconsin at Madison, and was
K'rith, and generousl}- contributed to the religious graduated in 1880 with the degree of LL.B. He also
work of the local synagogue. studied law in the office of Gen. William F. Vilas
In bS63 occurred the marriage of Leopold Hart a'"' "'a^ admitted to the bar one year after his
and Miss Hortense Cahen, and they became parents brother, F.veris Anson Hayes, with whom he has been
of one son and fi\-e daughters: Alexander J; Mrs. associated in both a professional and business way.
Charles Becker; Mrs. G. W. Alexander; Mrs. L They began the practice of law in Madison and con-
Cahen; Mrs. Harry Morris and Mrs. Louis Isaacs. tinned m that location for two years, when they re-
Mrs. Hart died several years before her husband, moved to .\shland, there forming a partnership with
who answered the final summons on April 12. IW-i. Col. John H. Knight. A large and lucrative prac-
if >-ou ma\- so characterize the passing on of a man tice was established in the four years following, their
who left behind him an undying influence for good. prestige extending throughout Ashland and Bayfield

T A ■<>• /^T-.T T^-.7- TT « -.r-.^f^ T^ ■ - , i couutics. Thc partucrshlp was dissolved in 1886,

JAY ORLEY HAYES.— Representative ot the best , ^, u , .i i * i • t „ „„ i ^^• i

... , . , r-. , ^, ■ - , when the Ha\'es brothers located ni Ironwood, Alich.,

tvpe ot citizenship, a\- Orlcv Ha\"es is lusth" ac- , i T t • i • i t ■ ■ ^

, , ■ , " -",,"■ "■ ■ , wdiere thev had previously acquired extensive mter-

corded a prominent place m the business, municipal , • ■ " ■ ,- .. r -i ■, ■,„, ,.,„-, Tr„

, ■ f ,- . , , ,,. . ., , ests m iron mines ot the Gogebic iron range. For
and social lite ot b-an ose. His name is \\ i( eh' ,i ti ■ i tt t- . *„ iU„ „ ■
. , . ■ , ■ . -, , . , one \-ear thev .gave their sole attention to these in-
known and carries with it an intluence w iieh ever , ' i ..i " ■ c ioq7 <-i , „., ,„ *„ n re

.... , , , . , terests. In the spring ot 188/ thev came to Calitor-

wields Its power toward the betterment of the com- i • ,i ■ ■ t i c t " i i r

., . ' ,,....,., ma and m the vicmitv ot San Jose purchased a hue

munitv m evcrv way. its mora up itting, its physical i - ^i • i ' -ri ■ ,. ti i ■

,, - , - -. , , '., ,. *" . ', - ranch tor their home. 1 his propertv thc\- have im-

wclfare, the promotion and upbuilding ot all enter- , .it i , ^- ' c ■•-' ^

, , , ^ . - . proved and developed, conductm.g a fruit enterprise

prises calculated to increase the prosperity of city, i i i i i i t-^ii » »i, " t- i c ..

, „. • ■ , ■ T which has added no little to the prestige of Santa

countv and state. birst a citizen and patriot, Mr. „, /< ^ ■ »i ■ i- at o *

,, ' , , . , . . , .- , , . Clara Countv in this line. Mr. Haves is secretary

l-la\'es labors with untiring zeal tor the best interests , ^ ' r »i, u ivr- ■ ' n 'i

; -, ,- , -r, . ,- 1 ■ . ■ and treasurer ot the Hayes Mining Companv and

ot the country; afterward a Republican, he gives his r ii tt t n i " iin/i

, , ,-,•■, treasurer of the Harmony Iron Companv. In IJUU

stron.gest support to the advancement of the principles ^i tt i ii u " i-i ' c ti xj

, , rr^, , , ,. . ■ , the Haves brothers became the owners or the Her-

he endorses. 1 hou.gh not known as a politician, he , , , ' , ,. ■ t o i j ■

, , , I ■ ,• ■ , ,■ , r aid, the leading evening paper ot San lose, and m

was selected bv his tneiids as a candidate tor gov- ,,,,,, , ^\u -r^r .u i " ■

, ,, -n , , , 1 "11 purchased the Mercury, the only morning paper

ernor at the time that (rovernor rardee, then the • ^, •» ^i ^ " d. r i 4. i

, ,- ,-j. , ,^, , . ,- , , ■ m that citv; the two papers were later consolidated

incumbent, ran for ottice. Although deteated, this 1 ^i " r ii o t \r i_r u 1

. , ,. , . " ,. under the name of the San Jose Mercurv-Herald and

action, the result entirelv ot his standing as a man ,, ,, . ^, - 1 ^ t ti ^r ' u u

; . , , ,, ' TT -.If jlr. Haves is the president ot the Mercury-Herald

and citizen, brought Air. Ha^'es prommentlv rieiore „ ' ,- ., ,. tt

, , , , , ",•;,, ■ ■ " ■ Company, owners ot these newspapers. ,\'lr. Haves

the pulilic and lias added to his tollownng manv m- , ". , ^. ■ ^i ■ ■ ■ at- 1 ■'

r, ■ , ,- , , ■ I ■ ' I- has spent much time m the iron mines m Aliclugan

rluential men ot the state, who appreciate his sterling , - ,1 , ^ .- 11 * n ti *i • *

.... », , , - , , during the last tew vcars and almost all the thirty

mtegritv and abilitv. .^bsolutelv sincere and honest ^, . j- . . " r^ ^i tt ,. t 1"

, . -, , . , ', , ■ , " , , • , months immediately after the war. Fortunately

and imbued with the highest and best motives, he ,. . . i "1 1 ■ 1 1 r ^u ^ c 1

., , . . .,,. 1 , ■ .■ 1 their mines produced a high .grade of ore that tound

IS an ideal citizen, willing to spend his time and , , , , ., " • 111

, , . , ,.^. , ^ a ready sale and when other mines were closed down,

monev m tlie betterment ot the conditions ot town, , . • . » 1 1 ■ ^i i- ■ 1

, ^, 1 £ 1 ■ I 1 i their mine was onerated during the entire period

countv and state. The value of his work thus far

without a shutdown.

clean

„ • , ..... , ^. . witiiout a smitdown.

San lose and vicinitv has ample testimonv m a
^.van city government, 'good streets, good schools, ^'r. Hayes was married June 16, 1885, to Clara I.
.good buildings, all of which have felt his strong and. Lyon, a daughter of ex-Chief Justice W, P. Lyon, of
earnest effort. What has been done locally can be the Supreme Court of Wisconsin. They are the
done generally for the entire state, should opportunitv parents of five children: Mildred M. now the wife
and the call of dutv ever demand that he give up the o* A. L. Roth, comptroller of Stanford Lbiiversity.
peace and quiet of his princely home for the turmoil Lyetta A., Elystus L., Miriam F., now the w-ife of
and arduous task of a great public office. Mr. Edgar C. Kesler with Robert Dollar Company, San
Haves' personal magnetism is of that lasting order Francisco, and J. Orlo. Mr. Hayes has taken a
that comes onlv from the conviction of meeting a prominent part in the organization of the Califor-
trulv honorable man and one ndio loves his fellow- '"a Prune & Apricot Growers Association, having
men. This feeling is heightened when one is permit- I"-''-"" a director since its organization and is a mem-
ted to observe him in his home, which is the best '"^■'' «'' 'ts executive committee and has given much
test, after all— his devotion to his familv, to his time and thought to its upbuilding, realizing that m
church duties, impress one that he is an example of 'he success of the association depends the further
the true life precepts which he has been taught and prosperity of the prune and apricot growers of Cali-
which he has followed from infancy. forma. It is the consensus of opinion of men of

,, ^- i Ai; 1 I to: (- , lA'- Av affairs that he has had more to do with the growth

A native of Waterloo, lerrerson Countv, VVis., Air. . , ... , t? ■

T, , r^ i I ' ^ 10C7 'c A r ot the association than any other person. He is a

Haves was l)orn (Jctober J, 18b/, a son of Anson L. r ■ , , , ■' ■ ^ ,t • ,

,j ' ,, , ,• r 1 1 \ 4 1 man ot varied and large interests in Calitornia, but

Hayes, the representative of an old American tamily . ■ , 1 r . r ?-. ,-1. ^ 1 -

r e 1 u 1 . 4i c 4 K c 1 ■ I 4- IS particularly fond of Santa Clara Countv and opti-

of Scotch descent, the first member ot which set- . . , . ^ . , , , ^ - '

^, , ■ n 4- 4 • i^uj f 4- mistic tor its rapid growth and future .greatness. A

tied m Connecticut m 168j. For many generations . i^ , ,■ • . ■ 1 ,■

the familv flourished m the New England states, va- ''"'■>■ Prom-ient Republican in state and national poh-

members adding luster to the name through '"-'"■ ^e was, for years, a member of the State Cen-

nous

their associations with the early colonial history. In t';al Committee and its executive committee and for

time the family name became a familiar one in the "^'Kht years served as vice-chairman and has been

states of the middle west. Mr. Hayes was reared prominent and active in all the great movements of

in Wisconsin, receiving his preliminary education in the Republican party in the state. He was delegate-

the common schools of his native city. LTpon the at-large from California to the national Republican

completion of the common school course he entered convention at Chicago that nominated Hughes for

Oyj^^z^

&-V^

'iZ.^^^^'^

LELAND STANFORD

IIISTom' oF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

327

prc^itlent in I'Md and was a niemlier ol thi' notilica-
lion lOnimiUec tliat inorccdcd to Ncxv York and
notified Mr. Hughes of his nomination lor i)rcsidcnl
1>\' the RepubHcan convention at Chieagei.

LELAND STANFORD.— I'anions anions the
niost inspiring examples of .'\nieriean eitlzenship. the
hus\' and trmtlLd hie of Uehind Stanlord is instrue-
ti\e and Ingiily snggestixe lo the \onth, not only ol
our envn country, liut of the entire civilized \ve)rld. A na-
ti\e of the great hhiipire Stale, lie became, as one ol
thi, feiunders and dexelopers of the I'acilic ce^nnnon- .
'.\ealth, one of the most reinarkahle men Amei'ica
has ever |)roduced; and from the time of his l)o_\diood
in the 'iOs to his death in the '')0s, the story of
h.is ascending career, in which almost insuperable
olistacles were a.gain and again o\'ercome, is of
absorbing interest. He was born at Water\ diet,
N. \"., eight miles from Alban>-, on March 9, 1824,
and descended from English stock, reeiiforced, on
his father's side, l)\- the best of Irish blood. His
father, Josiah Stanford, a native of Massachusetts,
had been taken to Xew York l)y his parents wdien he
was four ,\'ears of a,ge; and he grew up to marry a
Miss Phillips, whose parents had removed from
Massachusetts to \ ermont, and from X'ermont to
Xew York State. Josiah Stanford lived for many
>"ears on a farm knou n as Elm Grove, on the Albany
road leading out to Schenectady, and he was highly
esteemed as an intelligent, industrious and progres-
s',ve farmer, wdio had built a portion of the turnpike
between .Albany and Schenectad>', constructed roads
and bridges in his neighborhood, was an alert, syste-
matic business man and a decidedly public-spirited
citizen, and was an early and enthusiastic advocate
of the construction of the Erie Canal.

In 1825, the New York Legislature granted a
charter for a railroad between Alban\- and Schenec-
tady, and wdien it came to building the road, Josiah
Stanford was chosen as one of tiie principal con-
tractors. A railroad was an attractive novelty in
tb.ose days, and the survey of this road brought it so
close to the home of the Stanfords that Leiand passed
Ills holidays in eagerly watching the work, and even
at that early age acquired a knowdedge of railroad
construction that proved of service to him in later
> ears. The conversation, too, of the visitors to Josiah
Stanford's home, was elevating, instructive and in-
spiring. These visitors were men of affairs engaged
in the construction of large works, and they- were
alive to the great possibilities through future trans-
portation routes, and were not a whit daunted by
the magnitude of any project. Among the subjects
discussed wdth vigor b?' these virile and far-seeing
men was the project of a railroad to Oregon; and
"young as he was wdnen the question was first agi-
tated," says one writer, "Leiand Stanford took a
lively interest in the measure. Among its chief advo-
cates at that early day was Mr. Whitney, one of the
engineers in the construction of the Mohawk & Hud-
son River Railway. On one occasion, when "Whitney-
passed the night at Elm Grove, Leiand being then
thirteen years of age, the conversation ran largely on
this overland railway project, and the effect upon the
mind of such a boy may be readily imagined. The
remembrance of that night's discussion between
Whitney and his father never left him, but bore the
giandest fruits." This engineer was undoubtedly
the celebrated Asa Whitney, from 1830 to 1839 assist-

ant superintendent, and llieii superiiiteiideiit, ol the
Mohaxvk is,' lludson Railroad, later canal coinmis-
siiiiier of Nex\' N'ork Stale, and fmally, as a world-
renowned maker ol car-w hetds, also, like Stanford, a
uni\ersity benefactor.

I, eland .Stanlord received the education of the
I, inner l)0\'; and as a result he inheriti'd both good
physical and mental i|ualitR's, and was rearefl m a
home N\liere there u;is no idler, where there was
litde luxury, but no want, where labor xvas honored,
and (.-acli had his task appointed lor him to do. He
V orked on the farm with his father and his brothers,
nsin.g as early as live o'clock of a winter's mornin.g.
He attendeil the common schools until he was twelve
years ol age, and then, for three years, received pri-
\'ate instruction at home. After that, he assisted his
father in carrying out a large contract for the de-
livery of wood. This was reall\- his first business ad-
venture for he was in a manner a partner in the
enteriirise, and received a share of the pirohts, which
be used to i)a\' his tuition ;it an academy m Chil-
ton, N. Y.

Havin.g determined to study law, young Stanford
entered the office of Messrs. Wheaton, Doolittle c\;
Hadley, at Albany, and after three years with the
law-tomes, he was admitted to the Bar of New York
State. I!y this time, he had been drawn toward the
West; and after visiting various places he tmally se-
lected Port Washington, Wis., as best suited to his
purpose; and there, in 1848, he established himself in
the practice of law. This town was then considered
by many the port of the Lake region having a most
promising future, and Mr. Stanford's success as a
lawyer there, with a lucrative practice and an enviable
standing in the community, appeared to emphasize
tiie prospects of prosperity for everyone. The first
year in which he had hung out his shingle, be earned
$1,260, and for that time, such an income was con-
sidered good.

In 1850, he paid a visit to Albany, and while there
married Miss Jane Lathrop, the daughter of Dyer
Lathrop, a merchant of Albany whose family were
among the earliest and most respected settlers in that
clt\'. He was born at Bozrah (now called Bozrah-
ville). Conn,, and accotnpanied his parents on their
removal to New York, when he was about seven
_\ ears of age. He was noted for his good deeds, ex-
pressive of human kindness, and was privileged to be
one of the founders in Albany of the Orphan Asy-
lum, and was treasurer of that institution and director
at the time of his death. Mr. Stanford returned to
Port Washington with his wife and continued in the
practice of his profession at that place until 1852,
when a misfortune happened to him which changed
the course of his life, and proved to be a blessing in
disguise. This was the total destruction by fire of
his office with all of its valuable contents, including
his law library, and for the moment seemed irrepara-
ble. Tidings of the discovery of gold in California,
however, reached the East about that time and occa-
sioned ,great excitement, so much so that hve of
Josiah Stanford's sons set out for the promised land;
and the destruction of his office at Port Washington
determined Leiand Stanford's action in following
them. Mr. Stanford closed out his affairs in Wis-
consin, and took his wife to Albany; lint she was
unable to persuade her father to let her accompany
her husband and share with him the hardships of
life in a new country — as a result of which she re-

328

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

mained at her father's home for the next three years,
attending with all the devotion of a loving and sym-
pathetic daughter to every want of her father through
a long illness, until his death in 1855.

Leland Stanford sailed from New York, made the
journey by way of Nicaragua, spent twelve days in
crossing the Isthmus and thirty-eight days on the
entire trip. He arrived at San Francisco on July 12,
1852, and visited his brothers, who were engaged in
the general merchandise business at Sacramento, and
soon afterward entered for himself on a mercantile
career at Cold Springs, in Eldorado County. The
following spring, he opened a store at Michigan
Bluffs, the central business point of the Placer
County mining district; and this period of Mr. Stan-
ford's life was passed among the privations, the
hardships and the excitements of a typical pioneer
mining camp, the recollection of which never faded
from his memory. Mr. Stanford also engaged in
iriining operations and prospered in them in his busi-
ness to such an extent that in 1855 he purchased the
business of his brothers in Sacramento. The same
year he proceeded to the East and brought Mrs.
Stanford to California, and established his home in
Sricramento, in which city his house soon ranked
among the leading California concerns, in the man-
agement of which he developed an heretofore untried
capacity for dealing with large affairs. It was also
not long before Mr. Stanford's political life began.
The Republican party was organized in California in
1856, and he, giving the movement his enthusiastic
support, became one of its founders on the Coast,
although at first he was not on the popular side. At
the next election, for example, he was the Republi-
can candidate for State Treasurer, and was defeated,
and in 1859, when he was candidate for Governor, he
received only 11,000 votes. In 1860, he was delegate
at large to the Republican National Convention, and
he was an earnest and influential advocate of the
nomination of Abraham Lincoln, with wdiom he
fonned a warm and lasting friendship. As a result,
at the request of President Lincoln, he remained in
Washington for several weeks after the inauguration.
Pie enjoyed the confidence of Lincoln, as a matter of
fact, and the destined martyr consulted him as to the
surest methods of preserving the peace and loyalty of
California, and maintaining its adherence to the
Union — then a large question filled with doubt, which
caused much anxiety to the President and his hard-
working and alert advisers.

Leland Stanford was again made the Republican
candidate for Governor in 1861, and after a bold and
vigorous canvass he was elected, receiving 56,0,%
votes against 32,750 of his opponent, Mr. McConnell,
the Administration Democrat, and 30,944 for Mr.
Conness, the Douglass Democrat candidate. It was
a critical period in both state and national affairs
when Leland Stanford was inaugurated Governor of
California, but he was firm and politic, and prevented
the outbreak of any disturbance. During his term of
office, the state militia was organized, the evils of
squatterism abated, a State Normal School was estab-
lished, and the indebtedness of the state was reduced
one-half. If Leland Stanford had no other claim to
remembrance, his services as War Governor of Cali-
fornia wrould cause his fame to be handed down to
future ages.

The part taken by Leland Stanford in the construc-
tion of the Central Pacific Railroad is better known,

however, than any other portion of his varied and ex-
ceedingly active career. As has been narrated, he
had listened as a boy to conversations between his
father and Mr. Whitney as to the possibility of con-
structing a railroad to Oregon, and in after years he
kept himself well informed on the subject, collecting
and preserving all articles published on that theme
v,hich once came to his attention. During his voy-
age to California with Mrs. Stanford, he said to her,
when she was ill: "Never mind, a time will come
when I will build a railroad for you to return home
on." He did not originate the idea of a Pacific rail-
load — he executed the tremendous project. In 1860,
he heard of the examination which Theodore D.
Judah, an engineer, had made of the Sierra Nevada
Mountains in order to determine a practicable route
for a railroad; and not long afterwards he had a con-
versation with C. P. Huntington, a hardware mer-
chant of Sacramento on the subject of a railroad
from California to the East. Another meeting was
held, and a third, at wdiich Mark Hopkins was pres-
ent. The result of these conferences was a deter-
mination to at least look further into the feasibility
of the project. Mr. Judah, energetic and intrepid,
and firm in his belief in the possibility of building
such a railroad across the Sierra Nevada Mountains,
was called into consultation; and as a result of the
information furnished by him, and that obtained from
others, it was determined to send out Judah, with
the necessary assistants, to make a preliminary sur-
vey, and a fund was raised for that purpose. This
was the beginning of the great corporation; and the
men who started this mighty enterprise were all
merchants of Sacramento, except Judah, and they
were primarily Leland Stanford, Collis P. Hunting-
ton, Charles Crocker, Mark Hopkins and James
Bailey.

The physical difficulties were considered by many
engineers to be insurmountable; others thought that
if the road could be built at all, the cost would be so
great that the necessary funds could never be se-
cured; and, therefore, great as were the physical
difficulties, the financial obstacles were none the less
appalling. Incorporated in 1861, under the general
laws of the State of California as the Central Pacific
Railroad Coinpany, the project w'as still in a condi-
tion giving little hope of success until the passage
by Congress of an act of July 1, 1862, entitled "An
act to aid in the construction of a railroad and tele-
graph line from tlie Missouri River to the Pacific
Ocean, and to secure to the Government the use of
the same for postal, military and other purposes."
This act incorporated the Union Pacific Railroad
Company and granted to it "for the purpose of aid-
ing in the construction of said railroad and telegraph
line, and to receive the safe and speedy transporta-
tion of mails, troops, munitions of war, and public
stores thereon, "every alternate section of public
land, designated by odd numbers, to the amount of
five alternate sections per mile on each side of said
road" not sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of by
the United States Government, and to which a pre-
emption or homestead claim may not have been at-
tached, at the time the line of said road is definitely
fixed." Mineral lands were exempted from the opera-
tions of the act. The Secretary of the Treasury was
authorized to issue to the company, upon the comple-
tion and equipment of forty consecutive miles of the
railroad and telegraph, bonds of the Ufnited States,

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

329

payable thirty years after date, and bearing interest at
the rate of 6 per cent per annum, to the amount of
$16,000 per mile, and at $32,000 and $48,000 per mile
toi certain sections through the mountains. The
bonds were to constitute a first mortgage upon the
property of the company.

The Central Pacific Railroad Company of Califor-
nia was authorized to construct a railroad and tele-
graph line from the Pacific Coast, at or near San
Francisco or the navigable waters of the Sacramento
River, to the Eastern boundary of California upon the
same terms and conditions in all respects as the
Union Pacific Railroad Company. The Central Pa-
cific Railroad Company was required to complete
fifty miles of its road within two years after filing
assent to the provisions of the act, and fifty miles
annually thereafter, and was authorized, after com-
pleting its road across California, to continue the
construction of a railroad and telegraph line through
the territories of the United States to the Missouri
Kiver. or until it met and connected with the Union
Pacific Railroad. By act of July 2, 1864. these pro-
visions were materially amended, the time for desig-
nating the general route, for filing the map of the
same, and of building the part of these roads first re-
c;uired to be constructed was extended one year; the
Central Pacific was required to complete annually
twenty-five instead of fifty miles, and the whole line
up to the state line within four years. The land
granted was increased from five to ten alternate sec-
tions, within the limits of twenty instead of ten
miles on each side. It was provided that only one-
half of the compensation for services rendered the
government should be required to be applied to the
payment of the bonds issued by the government in
aid of the construction of the road. When a section
of twenty, instead of forty miles was completed,
bonds might be issued to the company. The provi-
sion for withholding a portion of the bonds author-
ized by the act of July 1, 1862, until the completion
of the whole road, was repealed. Special provision
was made for the issue of bonds in advance of the
completion of the sections in the regions of the
mountains — naturally the most difTcult and the most
costly part of the long line. But the most important
provision of the act was the one authorizing the
company, on the completion of each section of the
road, to issue its own first-mortgage bonds, to an
amount not exceeding the bonds of the United
States and making the bonds of the United States
subordinate to the bonds of the company.

The work of construction was begun upon the Cen-
tral Pacific Railroad on January 8, 1863, when Leland
Stanford, as president of the company, turned the first
shovelful of earth, and in May, 1869, the Central Pa-
cific and the Union Pacific Railroad companies were
united at Promontory Point, where Leland Stanford
drove the last spike in the line of railroad connecting by
rail the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans, and binding
indissolubly together the Eastern and Western sec-
tions of the country. With a courage which never
faltered, and an ability that rose equal to the difficul-
ties as they presented themselves, this quartet of
wonderful men, — Stanford, Huntington, Crocker,
Hopkins, — persevered until they attained success. It
was a gigantic enterprise managed by men of re-
markable ability, the peculiar ability of one in a par-
ticular sphere of action supplementing the peculiar
ability of another in another sphere, and all working

in Ivirmony for the common i)urposc. From the be-
ginning to the end, however, the master-mind and
the master-will were those of Leland Stanford. Upon
the doubtful chances of success, these men ventured
the moderate fortunes they possessed. Leland Stan-
ford realized a colossal fortune, but with the attain-
ment of great wealth, his labors in no wise ceased.
Fie continued to be the president of the company
until 1885, and during that time the management of
this great corporation and the connecting lines which
it acquired kept him constantly employed. In addition
to the work of the railroad, Mr. Stanford also had the
care and direction of his extensive landed estates. His
home was on the Palo Alto estate of 7,200 acres, and
he also owned the Gridley farm of 20,000 acres, and
the great Vina ranch of 55,000 acres. These places
Ik improved to such an extent that they became
among the most valuable and productive tracts in all
the world. Mr. Stanford thus came to be very much
interested in the development of trotting horses, and
owned the famous "Electioneer," sire of many of the
fastest horses in America, including "Sunol," whose
record was 2:0854. and "Palo Alto," whose record
^''as 2:08f:(, and "Arion" with a two year old record
of 2:10^4, which record he held for seventeen years,
sold for $125,000.

The great sorrow of Mr. Stanford's life came in
1884, when his only child, Leland Stanford, Jr., died.
He was a lad of many attractive qualities and of
great promise, and the idol of both his father and
his mother, but while traveling through Europe with
his parents, he was attacked with a virulent fever,
and despite the best of medical aid, he died in Flor-
ence, Italy, on March 13, 1884, in the fifteenth year
of his age. He passed away in the flower of his
youth, but his memory is perpetuated forever in the
noble institution of learning which bears his name.
The Leland Stanford Junior University is situated
upon the Palo Alto estate, in Santa Clara County,
distant about thirty miles from San Francisco. On
November 11, 1885, Leland Stanford and his devoted
wife, Jane Lathrop Stanford, — spoken of in detail else-
V. here in this volume, — united in founding and endow-
ing a university for both sexes to be called the Leland
Stanford Junior University, and to be located at Palo
Alto. The estates granted for this purpose included
the Palo Alto farm, the Gridley farm and the Vina
farm, aggregating 83,000 acres of land, and the total
endowment of the new university in land and monev
was estimated to be $20,000,000.' The university has
for many years been in successful operation, and is
surely destined to become more and more, one of the
foremost seats of learning in the world, being un-
rivaled in munificence of endowment. Its doors
were opened in October, 1891, to over 500 students,
and for the current year there are five times that
number, despite the exactions of high standards, in
attendance. From the inception of the idea of found-
ing the university, through every stage of its develop-
ment and through every period of its operation. Mrs.
Stanford was the earnest, enthusiastic, never-failing,
helpful friend, and to her was committed the task, in
part left uncompleted by her husband, of still fur-
ther w-idening the university's influence and increas-
ing its usefulness.

In 1885, Mr. Stanford was elected a member of the
United States Senate, and took his seat on the 4th
of March; and he was reelected for the term ending
March 3, 1897. His name ^\ill forever be associated

330 HISTORY OF SANTA CL.ARA COUNTY

witli the Land-Loan bill, which he orit;inatecl and Slate capital, at a cost of $100,000, and provided an-

pre-.ented to the Senate; and his addresses on this olher $100,000 for its permanent endowment; and

nnea.si'.re have been (luoted in works on political econ- .she gave $160,000 to various schools in San Fran-

om\ in every lanuua.tce of civilization. The bill pro- cisco, particularly favoring the establishing and ex-

po>ed. in brief, that moiieA' should be issued upon tension of tlie German kindergarten, then bidding for

l:,n(l to half the amount of its value, and for such acknowledgment and support, and now admitted as

loans the government was to receive an annual in- ^-j,^^. ^f ^i,^, ij^.^j things given to the world by the

terist of two per cent. Mr. Stanford freqnentl\- iilfalists of the I'atherland.
stated that if the measure ivere adopted it would, in

time, raise revenue enough to pay the entire expenses One of the especially interesting incidents in Mrs,

of the government, and would thus take the tariff Stanford's philanthropic and romantic life is her crea-

question entirely out of pohtics. The high estimates lion of a special fund for the purchase of books for

tormed of the value of Mr. Stanford's services as a H'-e university librar\ — almost a prophetic endeavor

Senator are set forth in the appreciative addresses of on her part in the light of the appalling disaster that

his a.-sociates in Congress, delivered upon the occa- \> as soon to affect all the great libraries of the Bay

sion of his memorial. district. In February, 1905, as she was about to sail

for the Lfawaiian Islands in the hope of restoring her
It is worthy of interest, in discussing this one pre- htalth, she delivered to the board of trustees a letter
eminent representative of the Stanford family in „f instruction with respect to the disposition of her
America, to recall another Stanford, a distant rela- jp^-els, which in 1899 had been transferred to the
tive and also a member of the Lnglish circle. John t,-u,Mees to insure the completion of the Memorial
Stanford, a clergyman, came to the United States m Church. She said: "I was subsequently enabled to
1786, opened an academy m New ^'ork City, inter- ^,,.^.^.f j,^^, ^jeniorial Church without the necessity of
ested himself especially in charitable institutions, and ,,.sorting to the sale of these jewels. In view of the
ongmated the Xew \ od< House of Retuge, the first f.^^^. ^,^^| ^f j^^^, interest in the future development of
juvende reformatory m America Nvhich separate.l ^|^^ university library, I now request the trustees to
children from hardened criminals m the penitentiary. ..^(ablish and maintain a library fund, and upon the
He was also one ot the eh.et promoters of the New ^,,^. ^j ^^^^ j^,^^.^,^^ ^^j^^.^ j^^^. departure from this life,
\ork Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. The hrst j ^_^^^^ ^^^^^ j,^^, proceeds therefrom be paid into said
library ot Bellevne Hospital was suggested by him, ,-^„^j .^,^j |,^, preserved intact and be invested in
and ,1 ,s mterestm.g, m the light ot what Mrs. Stan- |^^^^^,^ ^,. ^^,,^, ^^^,^^^ ,^^ ^ p^^^ ^j ^^^ ^.^pj^^, ^f ^^^^
ford, m particular, dul for the Stanford University ,„dowment, and that the income therefrom be used
Librar.N, that this was named m his honor the "Man- ,.,,,us,velv for the purchase of books and other pub-
ford Library A.,soc.at,oii of Bellevue Hospital.' By |„ations. 1 desire the fund to be known and desig-
requ(^st of the Common Council m i\ew \ ork m 182. _^^^^,j ^^^ ^^^^ ,^.^^^^.| p^^^^^,„ ^,^ jg,jy^ .^^ accordance

Ills portrait was i)amted bv Samuel I". L. Alorse, ot .,, ^, - . ,■ ,■ ,, ,,» c t ii,

- . , ^, ,, .,-^ with tliese instructions from Mrs. Stanford, the

tilegraph fame, ami now han.gs m the New York De- , , ,- , , ^ i i- i i ^i ..t it- i ■■ n

. ,, . . board ot trustees established the Jewel rund, call-

partnieiit ot Chanties. . ■ ^ i- ■, ii i »i r n ■ i i'

uig It into activity through the following resolution.

"Now, therefore, in order to carr\- out said plan of

JANE LATHROP STANFORD.— lew American yq-s. Stanford and to establish and maintain an ade-

women so deser\edly occupy the preeminent position quate library fund and to perform the promise made

universally accorded .Mrs. Jane Lathrop Stanford in the jjy this board to her, it is~Resolved, that a fund of

history of the American nation, and few Americans, $500,000, to be known and designated as the Jewel

\.omen or men, bid fair to be found ecpially |)rominent Pund is hereby created and established, which fund

to a commanding and revering degree in the halls of shall be preserved intact, and shall be separately in-

fame as the centuries recede and other men and vested and kept invested in bonds or real estate by

women of note play their parts and come liy superior the board of trustees, and the increase of said fund

ment to the fore. She was born at Albany, N. Y., ^f^.^n ^^^ ^^^^ exclusively in the purchase of books

or; August 25, 182a, was married to Leland Stanford, ,^,,j ^fi^^^ publications for the library of the Leland

and began her social life when he was elected gov- Stanford Junior University, under the supervision

ernor of California in 1861, and after his death she

and direction of the library committee of this board

was occupied chiefly in lostering and developing The ^,f trustees." The immediate result of this action was

Leland Stanford. Jr., Uniyersity, which she had aided ^^ „akc available for the purchase of books about

her husband to establish in memory ot their son, in $20,000 each year. In 1910, also, the board of trus-

1891, a mere boy cut off by untimely death, ^^^ accepted the design of lidwin Howland Blash-

In 1901, Mrs. Stanford increased her gifts to the field, the artist and author whose work at the Colum-

uirversity by transferring to its trustees securities bian Lxposition, in the Congressional Library at

valued at $18,000,000, her residence in San b'rancisco, Washington, in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and the

held at $400,000, and specified for a museum and art liriyate residence of C. P. Huntington, New York

galler\-, and some 12,000 acres of land valued at City, has given him lasting fame, for a book-plate to

$12,000,000; and she sulisequentl\- added other bene- be placed in all books purchased on account of the

factions, thus making the university- the wealthiest Jewel h'und From this journey to Honolulu Mrs.

iiniversit\- in the world She also established the Stanford did not return alive, for she breathed her

Cliildren's Hospital in her native eit_\-, the Fmpire last in the Hawaiian Islands on February 28, 1905.

s^^^

HISTOKV C)K SANTA CLARA CoUN'IA'

333

GEORGE MILLER BROWN.— IntLiLSliiig, in-
structive and inspirini;- is tliu story of the part plaveil
hy the nian\- sons and daughters of historic old
li'.ngland who, in settling as pioneers in Cahlornia
and the neighboring sister states, lia\e contributed
mightily, through hard work, venture and sacrifice,
to the upbuilding of great eonimonwealths. Promi-
nent among such \\ortb\- pioneers of the "right little,
tight little island" who have helped to la.\' broad
and deep the foundations of romantic California, and
in doing so best developed the resources of the
(jolden State, is George Miller Brown, a native of
Gloucestershire, England, long prominent as one of
tlie most successful growers of Bartlett pears in the
Santa Clara \'alle>', and very influential — fortunateh-
always in the direction of ennobling Christian en-
deavor and moral uplift — as a far-seeing capitalist.

Mr. Brown was born at Stow-on-lhe-Wold, in
Southwest England, on August 16, 1843, fortunate
in his honorable parentage, hut unhappily the fam-
ily was so soon broken up that at a very early age
he was conrpelled to push out into the world and
struggle for himself. He went to school only until
his eighth year, but being naturally apt, got more
out of his books and teachers than many a child of
less necessity. At nine years of age he drove a four-
O-x team hitched to a plow, being given that re-
sponsible job l)ecause he could "till the bill" better
than any grown-up workman on the place. Seeing
the promise in the lad, his employer remarked,
"George, you will beat your master yet," and this
prophecy was, in time, literally fulfilled. He con-
tinued to work at farm labor on a large English
estate, and when he was only fifteen he was made
foreman and given charge of the cultivation of 300
acres, with a dairy and sheep, cattle and horses.

In 1861 Mr. Brown left England for the United
States, and landed in New York, then seething with
its first year's participation in the Civil War; and
probably on account of the disturbed conditions
there, he went on to Hamilton, Canada, on the
north shore of Lake Ontario. He accompanied his
bi other, James M. Brown, a tailor, who previously
had made a trip to the United States, had gone as
far as California, and had seen the stirring life of
the gold diggings in 1850. George Brown entered
the employ of a Hamilton doctor, and he continued
with him until he came out to California.

The steerage ticket to San Francisco at that time
cost $100, which represented all the money Mr.
Brown had been able to save; but a friend who was
anxious that he go with him, and who had a small
capital of $2,000, advanced him enough cash to en-
able him to reach the Promised Land. When he
reached California, however, he had only twenty
dollars left, so he went to work at once on a farm
in Alameda County and stayed there a year. He
repaid the thirty dollars advanced to him by his
friend — repaying in shining gold — all within sixty
days after his arrival in the Bay City in April, 1862.
When he had been in California two and a half
years, Mr. Brown followed his brother to Van-
couver Island, where he preempted some land near
Nanaimo, taking up 100 acres, and having brought
with him, by boat, a yoke of oxen and four cows,
he set to work to do the best he could with the
undeveloped tract.

At the end of two years, however, Mr. Brown was
not suited with his location, and so he turned his
claim, stock and all other possessions over to his
hruther and came b,-u k to California. He had a
ea|)ilal of ^600 when he arrived at Nanaimo, and
when he arrived in y\lameda in 1866 his last two-bits
were gone. He found his place open on Judge Hast-
ings' farm and for ten months c<jiitiiiued in his em-
ploy; and then he worked for h'raiiklin Pancos, the
pioneer strawberry grower, with whom he came
to Santa Clara County and formed a partnership.
They rented thirty-six acres in the Jefferson district,
ill Santa Clara County, in 1868, and put the entire
tiact in strawberries; later he formed a partnership
with another young man wdio had set out ten acres
to strawberries on a part of Mr. Brown's present
land. About 1871 he bought out his partner, and
then he continued to raise strawberries on rented
land. He had twenty-two acres in berries and in the
height of the season it took ninety-eight men to pick
them before they spoiled, and when all his expenses
had Ijcen paid, he had just ten dollars left. It took
him thirteen years to pay for his first twenty-two
acres, the nucleus of his present place; since then
he has added by purchasing adjoining until he has
102 acres in a body, and it took forty-four years to
pay for it with all the improvements, for he kept
right on improving.

About forty years a.go Mr. Brown helped put out
the pear trees on -what is now Mrs. \\'eston's place.
There were some trees left, so he set them on his
own place, which was the beginning of his present
orchard, in what is now the greatest Bartlett pear
district in California. Mr. Brown alone has 102
acres, which is said to be the finest Bartlett pear
orchard in the United States — decidedly an inspiring
triumph after years of hardship and discourage-
ments. Mr. Brown and his wife also have other
valuable realty holdings and are active in financial
as well as commercial circles.

In San Jose, January 29, 1885, Mr. Brown was
married to Miss Emma Lobb, also a native of Eng-
land, who was born at St. Hoswell, a daughter of
Henry and Jane Lobb, who emigrated with their
family via the Isthmus of Panama in 1869, to Nevada
County, Cal.; the father was a miner in Grass Val-
ley until they came to San Jose, where he and his
wife passed their remaining years. The union of Mr.
and Mrs. Brown has been blessed with the birth of
five children: Alfred is the foreman of his father's
ranch and is also the owner of pear orchards and a
prominent nurseryman, raising all kinds of fruit trees
for the wholesale and retail trade. He has come to
be known as an authority on horticulture and his
advice is frequently sought by others. Albert is
engaged in auto transportation, having a fleet of
trucks for the purpose; he inarried Miss Viola Chew
and they have three children. His headquarters arc
in San Jose where he resides with his family. \Val-
ter, v\-hen only seventeen, enlisted for service on the
Mexican border, was later sent to France, where he
was wounded, and was honorably discharged at the
completion of his patriotic service; he married Isabel
Shirley and they have one son. Ella L. is a graduate
of the San Jose State Normal, and during the World
War served for ten months in the Red Cross as a
field volunteer, paying her own expenses. She went

334

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

overseas, serving in France, and since her return
makes her home with her parents. She is very fond
of travel and is somewhat of a glohe trotter, having
visited every continent, as well as the South Seas,
Philippines, New Zealand, Australia, West Indies
and Azores, and has also dug gold in Alaska. She
has crossed the Arctic Circle and has sailed almost
to the Antarctic Circle. She is now in charge of the
relief work for San Jose Post No. 89, American
Legion, and is a member of American Women's
Overseas League of San Francisco. Edith, a gradu-
ate of the Santa Clara high school, was also very
patriotic and was placed in charge of Red Cross work
for the Jefferson district during the war. She is now
the wife of Floyd Jamison, who served with the
A. E. F. in France; he is an electrician, and they
make their home in San Jose, where she is active in
the work of Trinity Episcopal Church.

In national political affairs a Republican, and in
respect to creed and church membership an Episco-
palian, Mr. Brown and his wife are broad-minded
citizens, delighted when participating in church work
under any acceptable banner. Mr. Brown's life is
guided by the Golden Rule of doing unto others as he
would be done by. He is one of the most liberal
and enterprising men in Santa Clara County, and
there is no worthy movement that has for its aim
the betterment of the conditions and the enhancing
of the happiness of the people of his community
that does not receive his hearty support. He is well
known as a very liberal contributor to civic organi-
zations and the Red Cross, as well as other humani-
tarian societies. It is to men of the type of George
Brown that California owes much of its present
development, for he was not afraid to venture and
work to develop the raw land until the orchards
of the valley have become a world-famous garden
spot. Mr. Brown is well read and well informed,
and having a retentive memory and being a good
narrator of events, is an interesting conversationalist.
He has a comfortable home, and being a big-hearted
man, he loves to dispense the old-time California
hospitality, so that it is indeed a pleasure to enjoy
a visit with this pleasant old pioneer.

MRS. MARY HAYES-CHYNOWETH.— The in-
terest awakened by a visit to the beautiful estate of
Edenvale, with its sixty acres of well-kept grounds
is heightened by a knowledge of the wonderful per-
sonality who once lived and reigned there, Mrs.
Mary Hayes-Chynoweth, who, until the time she
passed away, continued with undiminished enthu-
siasm and power the remarkable manifestations of
spiritual life evidenced even in the years of her
childhood. The deep religious fervor that w'as one
of her predominant characteristics came as an in-
heritance from her father, Rev. Abraham Folsom, who
was a minister of the Free Will Baptist faith. Sup-
plementing this inheritance there early came into her
aspiring soul a power which she accepted as a gift
from God and which shaped the course of her use-
ful existence, and resulted in her efficient service as
pastor of the True Life Church of San Jose.

In the early day Rev. Abraham Folsom left Ver-
mont, where he was born and where his parents,
Daniel and Mary (Moody) Folsom had lived and
labored. With a pioneer instinct and an earnest
desire to preach the Gospel in regions then just

opened to the civilizing influences of American set-
tlement, he settled in Holland, Erie County, N. Y.,
and there his daughter, Mary, was born October 2,
1825. Later he moved to Cuba, same state, and
finally, when his daughter was twenty-three years
of age, he identified himself with the then sparsely
settled state of Wisconsin. While still a mere child
the daughter had given evidence of the possession
of peculiar qualities. When she was five, two years
after the family had settled in Cuba, her little sister
was accidently and seriously burned on the head.
Her frantic cries were continued in spite of every
effort to relieve her. About 1:30 in the morning
the older sister was awakened, dressed and came into
the room where the little sufferer lay in extreme
pain. As she took the child into her arms, her
cries stopped and soon she was sleeping comfortably.
As she grew older neighbors began to come to her
for help in cases of sickness. Many a page might
be filled with accounts of her successful labors in
relieving the sick. One instance of the kind, oc-
curring when she was ten, may be mentioned among
the many of a similar nature. A neighbor hurried
to their home one day, saying that he feared his wife
was dead. Hastening to their home, the child found
the woman with jaws set, apparently in the embrace
of death. After rubbing the body for a time she
asked for angelica, with which she made a tea. The
absence of a tooth in the woman's mouth enabled
lier to force a small amount of the tea into the
throat. In a very short time the sufferer returned
to consciousness and to health. The cure was re-
markable when it is considered that the child knew
nothing of medicine nor the effects of angelica. The
idea had come to her as an inspiration and the
physician on his arrival praised her timely action,
adding that the lady would have been dead had it
not been for her help.

The environments of pioneer life and the limited
means of the family prevented Miss Folsom from
attending school. Her entire schooling did not cover
a period of one year. Notwithstanding this privation,
by research and reading she acquired such a thor-
ough education that her labors as a teacher were
successful to a gratifying degree. When only twelve
years of age, feeling that she should not be a burden
to her father, she desired to support herself by go-
ing out to work, but her father persuaded her that
she was too small for self-support. A few weeks
later she was called to the home of Mrs. Webster,
a neighbor, who was ill with inflammatory rheuma-
tism. The remedies she suggested were so prompt
in action that the woman w-as able to take up her
weaving within two days. In this home she re-
mained for a year as an assistant and afterward she
made her own way in the world. When in her
eighteenth year she took up a summer school that
her brother, William A. Folsom, had taught the
previous winter and her success in the work led her
to follow the profession for seven years. After
settling with her parents in Waterloo, Wis., she en-
gaged in teaching there. During the last two years
of her work as an instructor her leisure hours were
largely devoted to prayer. Six months before the
close of her last term the Fox sisters had begun their
promulgation of spiritism. In alarm lest relatives
or friends might be led into their doctrines, she
prayed even more earnestly than before, asking God

"K.^p-nan Pnulisl

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

3,V

to show her the truth and to reveal to her the im-
mortality of the soul. The answer to her petition
was long delayed, but still she continued in prayer,
determining that naught but death should seal her
lips until God revealed to her the evidence she de-
sired. With the close of her school on Friday, she
returned home. The following Sunday morning serv-
ices were held in the church near by and she pre-
vailed on the other members of the family to attend
while she remained at home with her father. The
homely task of dishwashing was engaging her at-
tention when she fell to the floor, crushed by what
seemed to her a hundred-pound weight At the same
time she began to pray in an unknown tongue, as
impelled by the power of God. Her father questioned
this unseen power through his daughter and was
there told of the work before her for which she was
to prepare herself and in doing so do the will of
God. By a careful study of the miracles related in
the Bible and comparing with her work, all became
convinced that the divine spirit had blessed her in
answer to her prayers. For two years she was
under the divine influence, praying unceasingly and
deprived herself at the request of the controlling pow-
er of all substantial food except bread. With the in-
dwelling of the holy spirit there came wonderful
power in healing the sick and alleviating pain. From
the regions round about came the sick and suffer-
ing in such numbers that she had not time for all.
Calls came to her from Whitewater, East Troy,
Waukesha and other Wisconsin towns, where she
was invited to preach in churches and schoolhouses.
Contrarj' to her wishes in the matter of remuneration
she was frnally prevailed upon to accept all gifts
voluntarily offered, as by doing so it would confer
a benefit upon those whom she helped. The money
thus received and her salary as a teacher were given
toward paying the interest on the mortgage on her
father's farm. Indeed, in all the years of the con-
tinuance of the family circle, she contributed to its
maintenance, proving" herself a devoted daughter.

At the age of twenty-eight years Miss Folsom be-
came the wife of A. E. Hayes. In addition to tak-
ing charge of their home at Waterloo, Wis., and
rearing their three children, E. A., Jay O., and May
Ha}'es, she preached as the spirit guided her. Often
a large number of people would come to her home for
reh'gious instruction, and invariably she ministered
to their bodily needs as well as their spiritual neces-
sities. About 1872 she made her first visit to Cali-
fornia. After the death of Mr. Hayes, she accom-
panied her sons to Santa Clara County and pur-
chased the place that is now beautiful "Edenvale,"
situated on the Monterey Road, about seven miles
south of San Jose. From the beginning of her resi-
dence at Edenvale thousands visited her to seek coun-
sel and throughout her remaining days she continued
her ministrations to body and soul. Her second hus-
band, T. B. Chynoweth, an attorney of San Jose,
died about one year after their marriage, and from
that time to the day of her death, her life was given
wholh' to religious labors. Her sons have become
prominent men in the Santa Clara Valley and as
owners of the San Jose Mercury and Herald wield
a large influence in the permanent upbuilding of this
portion of the state. The family have become weal-
thy, prosperous and honored, and much of their
riches has been devoted to spreading the primitive

Gospel before the world. This wealth came direct
to Mary Hayes-Chynoweth as a reward for her un-
selfish Christian labors. Her life record has no dup-
licate in America, and notwithstanding her great
wealth, she lived humbly and was constantly doing
good among the people who knew and appreciated
her example and noble work.

The True Life Church, founded in 1903, has in its
membership an earnest body of cultured people. The
ceremony of organization, November 22, was simple,
yet exceedingly impressive, and brought to the
thoughts of the onlookers memories of the New
Testament narrative of the founding of the early
Christian Church. The declaration of principles was
read and subscribed to, after which a board of trus-
tees were elected to serve one year and the articles
of organization were adopted. On the day of the
founding of the church, Mr. E. A. Hayes read the
statement of brief, previously signed by those who
proposed the organization of the movement. It read
as follows:

"We, the undersigned, for mutual help in spiritual
development and in order to more effectually spread
the knowledge of the truth, herebv associate our-
selves together as the True Life Church of San Jose,
Cal., and declare the cardinal principles of our re-
ligious belief to be as follows:
I.

"We hold that religion consists in pure and holy
hvmg and unselfish doing, and not in professions.
II.

"We believe in God, the Creator and Ruler of the
universe, and in Him only as the author of salvation
for every human being, through developing Himself
m each soul to the fullness of the Christ life as
shown forth in the New Testament. We believe
that it is the destiny of every human soul, when he
so wills and labors with sufficient diligence to that
end, to develop to the same purity and spiritual power
as Christ is represented in the Bible to have reached
III.

"In order to reach that end a constant dual ef-
fort by each individual is a necessity.

"First: Each one must pray unto God for an in-
crease of His Life and power within him, and must
desire as the chief of all valuable possessions to have
incorporated m hfe and character all that is pure and
holy in thought, word and deed.

"Second: Each must resist with all his will the
promptings of his lower nature, and overcome as
rapidly as he can the temptations to evil.
IV.

"We are convinced that the Christ standard of per-
fection m human hfe is possible for each one of us
and that spiritual light and wisdom come as results
of growth and the overcoming of the physical ele-
ments in each nature, because of the manifestations
of God's life and power which have been brought
to the world through Mrs. Hayes-Chynoweth. Among
other things she has healed the sick by the lay-
ing on of hands when no human agencv could al-
leviate their sufferings; she has preached the Gos-
pel without previous study, but as the truth was
given her through inspiration at the time; she reads
the human heart as an open book, and knows its
yearnings and needs which God helps her satisfy
and supply; she has had revealed to her the where-
abouts of the wealth hidden in the earth, as well

3,^8 HISTORY UF SAXTA CLARA C(JUNTY

as many of the niystcrics of the spiritual world. "She had two great dominating thoughts. You,

God is no respector of persons and what He has possibly, are as familiar with them as I am. She

done for Mrs. Hayes-Chynowelh He will do for believed in God and the human soul. She bad no

all of His children who work for the spiritual life doubt of them, she had experience with Ijoth of

with the same zeal and singleness of purpose with them. She bebeved that there were many things

which she has worked. that she did not know, but she believed that the

"W'k each jded.ge ourselves to do all in our power law liy which we comprehend God is the law of love,

to overcome the physical elements in our natures and and that the law by which it shall unfold itself

to grow from day to day in purity and godliness; until it shall become like the bather is the law of

to do everything we can to add to the interest of love; and so, without the articulation of a creed, she

the meetin.gs of this organization, and to induce as insisted that we should hold ourselves as the bud

many others as possible to attend them in order on the rose, whose soul it is, receptive to the sun

that they may be benefited with ourselves." that shines for it and the breeze that blows upon

Since its organization the True Life Church has it, open and receptive, so that under the divine sun

grown in numbers, in zeal and effective service, and and air nc will come to be beautiful and fra.grant

through the publication called "The True Life," has and helpful; and so she taught that more important

become a w-ell-known factor in religious circles. With than the talk about God is the knowin.g God in the

the deepest friendship toward all denominations and intimacy of the soul, and allowing the life to be uii-

all sects striving to upbuild the world si)irituall>', folded by the direction and movement of the Divine

Mrs. Hayes-Chynoweth endeavored, with all the pow- Spirit; for God rs not a far-off God, Init immanent

er of her forceful, jira^-erful life, to lead people to within, transcendent without, everywhere present with

return to the doctrines of the Scriptures as preached the strength of the Father and the tender .grace of

by the Apostles. Up to the time of her death, she the mother.

retained her activit>-. mentally and physically, and "Li the second place she was an apostle. Yon

continued her self-sacrificing efforts in belpin.g the remember our Lord selected out of bis disciples the

poor and needy. apostles. 1 suppose it was no arbitrary selection.

Mary Hayes-Chynoweth passed from this earthly Some seeds grow into trees and develop foliage

sphere on July 27. 1905, beloved by all who kne\\- green and lu.xuriant fiut do not scatter seeds. Others

her and mourned by her family and a large circle of as they grow gather energy from the sun and soil

friends. The following tribute paid by Dr. lUi Mc- and dew and rain, and transmit it mto the ripening

Clish, president of the University of the I-^acific, tells flower, until with distended capsule it bursts and

in simple words of her noble and self-sacrificing sends its seeds everywhere. There are men who

work and the high esteem in which she was held: spontaneously gather truth that they may enrich oth-

"Today we come to stand by the side of the casket ers by it. She never sought truth for truth's sake,

containing the remains of our neighbor, our friend, but for humanity's sake. What eared she about phil-

and the friend of humanity. For eighty years she osophy? Let us find the truth that will feed the

has walked, from her humble parsonage bom child, that will inspire the man, that will give him

through the paths of Wisconsin, out by the Great integrity, that will enable bim to help humanity.

Lakes, across the plains to California, about the high- That is the truth that she biuited, not to see its

ways and byways of this coiml\-, and particularly beauties as one turns a diamond, but a truth to he

about the beautiful home at Fdenvale, ever},-\\ hc-e put into other lives to make them beautiful with the

scattering words of kinflncss, ministering in tender consciousness of God

.grace by sympathetic and healing touch to rich and "1 noted her last words were, "1 have never
poor, man or woman of any race, that she might harmed anyone.' How she thought of humanity, of
help: and now, more eloquent than any words that the tenants on the place! I was touched today as 1
can be uttered is this silent tribute of your presence, saw one after another, men and women and children,
are those unbidden tears on your cheek, and the enter the silent room and then return with the high-
hushed lips that have so often moved in the utter- i-st tribute that man can pay, the tribute that can-
ance of truth. Anrl what shall we say' How does not be expressed except by the unbidden tear. .-Ml out
it come that the largest church in the commtmity in the cottages, out in the park, the little children
is packed to its doors at this presence' I answer, knew her, the toilers knew her, and they knew that
because of what '~he was. In the first place, she was .she tried to live the True Life.

preeminentiv a religious woman. Not a graduate of " .v„ .,„„ i i f i i ■ n j' 4 ■ „ , 1

^ , , ■ , ., , . , ,, , ^o angel, but a dearer being, all dipt ni angel

a school, not a piiilo^oiiher m the so-called sense ■ j- j

of philosophv, not a philanthropist in the sense of t',-. ^(i,'„ 'n r i ^ 11 »■ 1 1 1 •
V ' - ', , ' , . , - , breathing Paradise, and vet all native to her place.
having her name numlierefi as the founder of col-
leges or planter of eleemosviiarv asvlums for the ''^ comforter to those m sorrow, healing by her
needy, but as a devoted religious woman. Her re- sympathetic touch those who were stck, harmmg
ligion was not ecclesiastical, but was an expression "°'"-- li'-'IP"i-' all, she went through her eighty years
of spiritual realitv; faith in the unseen, which ren- ''\ ''^'' ^"<' ""'™'-' ^'°"'" '" 'i" W^^'"^' ''"^e a shock
dered her faithful. Her onlv recognition of a faith "^ '~°'''' '" '*" season. Her name will linger; those
that was worth anything was a faith that makes one ''"'"'' ''P'' "''" *1'^''»''-'- ^" ^'ic language of the apostle,
faithful. She was not careful about the articulation ^'''' ^"""^ ''^'''^' >"^'' ^Pcaketb.

of a creed, but she w^as intensely careful about the WILLIAM CASPAR BLABON.— ,'V luembcr of

soul being opien to God and responsive to His Spirit. an early pioneer family is William Caspar Blabon,

The true life was wdiat she aimed for, whether as a who has made a name for himself as a successful

girl teaching school in Wisconsin, as a mother in orehardist and well driller, and has been engaged in

her home, or as a grandmother ministering to the the latter occupation throughout California. He w:as

little children about her knee. born September 9, 1861, on the farm of Moses

#^

/C^ox^^^l^

HISTORY OF SAN'IW C[,ARA Col'N'IA'

34]

Blabon, liis unck', ^\llo rrsidcd on tluMountain \'ii.'\v
Road. His father. Walter L. Blabon, Avas a native
of Franklin County, Maine, and his mother was Miss
."Knna F. White before her niarria,t>e and was born
and reared in Boston, Mass. The paternal grand-
father, Capt. Otis Blabon, came to California aronnd
Cape Horn in 1846, and was a member of the vip;il-
ance committee in the early, turbulent da^s. Walter
L. Blabon came to California via Panama in l!-!()(l.
Here he engaged in farming and in 1864 purchased
130 acres, the old homestead, which he improved with
a family orchard and followed general farming.
William Caspar Blabon now owns his father's old
home and a part of the old farm, which he now
devotes to raising prunes. He was educated at the
Lincoln school and in private schools of Santa Clara
County, after which he engaged in well drilling. He
has continued successfully in this line of work for
twfenty-five years and is still engaged m developing
water wells In many sections of California.

The marriage of Mr. Blabon united him with Miss
Annie Beasworrick. the daughter of John and Mary
E. (Billings) Beasworrick, who came from England
to Santa Clara. Mr. Beasworrick was employed in
the New Almaden mines for many years and there
Mrs. Blabon was born. They are the parents of
two children. Annie May and W'illiam Caspar, Jr.
Politically Mr. Blabon is an adherent of the Republi-
can party. He is at all times interested in the pro-
gress and advancement of the community which has
for so long been his home.

MILTON A. BOULWARE.— The advanced and
eminentl_\' satisfactory state of the undertaker's pro-
fession in California today is undoubtedly due to such
far-seeing, idealistic and progressive men as Milton
A. Boulware, the secretary of the San Jose Under-
taking Company, who was born in Little Calaveras
Valley. Santa Clara County, on Washington's birth-
day, 1856. His father, John Wesley Boulware, a
farmer in Missouri, married Miss Louisa Rebecca
Lewis, and together they crossed the wide prairies
in 1849. settling at first in Little Calaveras Valley.
In 1860, they removed to Palo Alto; and there they
continued to live until they died, aged about sixty-
four years. They had seven children, and Milton was
the second of the family. He attended the public
schools in Santa Clara County, and then took a
course in the business college; and when he was ready
to do for himself, he sold merchandise in the General
Farmers' L'nion. Next, for a number of years, he
was bookkeeper for T. W. Hobson & Company, and
after that, also for a number of years, bookkeeper
and cashier for the Rucker Bros. Furniture Com-
pany. When he left that firm, it was to assist J. E.
Rucker for a couple of years in the real estate field.
In 1900 he joined the staff of the San Jose Under-
taking Company, and he has been here ever since.

On December 24, 1878, Mr. Boulware was married
at San Jose to Miss Mary Elizabeth Rucker. the
daughter of Joseph E. Rucker, a well-known pioneer
realty man. and their union has been blessed with the
birth of twin dau.ghters. Helen K. is the wife of
Grover C. Emmons, a minister of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, and Susie W., now Mrs. J. R.
Connor, whose son, Douglas Conner, is the first
grandchild of Mr. and Mrs. Boulware. The family
attend St. Paul's Aiethodist Episcopal Church; and
Mr. Boulware is a member of the Royal Arch and
Knights Templar Masons, and for thirty-two years

was secretary of San Jose Lodge Kb. 10, f. tk ,\. \l.
He also belongs to the l''.lks, the Modern Woodmen
of America, the Ivislern ."^tar and I he (Jrder of .Xmar-
anth. In n;itional politics a Republican, Mr. Boul-
ware, who is also lond ol ranch and out-door life,
Inids his greatest pleasure in promoting, in a non-
partisan manner, whatever is to the best interests
of the community.

JAMES PIERONNET PIERCE. — Prominrnt
.-imong the noted capt.ains of industry who have con-
tributed greatly toward the development of the re-
sources of the (^ilden State, the late James I'ieronnct
Pierce, will ever be given an enx'iable place in Cali-
tornia historw His father, Henry Miller Pierce, was
born in Axniinster, Devonshire, lingland. His mother,
Susan l-'ieronnet, whose parents were both I'rencli,
was born in Wayford, England. In 1820, she, with
her p;Lrents moved from England to I" riendsvdle,
Pa , and was soon followed by Henry Miller Pierce,
whose father, John Harvey Pierce, had offered $10,000
to any of his sons who would go to America to live,
having great faith in the future of this country.
Therefore, Henry M. got both the money and the
girl he bad wanted before she left England.

James P. Pierce was born at I'^riendsville, Pa.,
.'Vugust 25, 1825, where he remained until he reached
his majorit>-, when he moved west to Michigan and
there engaged in the business of general merchandis-
ing at Constantine. There he met Miss Amelia Ann
Pease, a native of Ann Arbor, whom he married at
Jackson on Au.gust 25, 1852; he was then just tw■ent^■-
seven years of age and she seventeen, and to.gether
they came to California in 1854, reaching San h'ran-
cisco by way of the Isthmus. Almost immediateh-
tliey went to Yuba County and there, at Smartsville,
Mr I^ierce engaged in hydraulic mining, becoming a
liading operator before he sold out in 1878. He might
have continued uninterruptedly in that important field
had not the death of a brother-in-law. A. H. Houston,
drawn him hack to San Francisco to take charge of
sn altogether different enterprise. Mr. Houston, as
early as 1867, had undertaken to build part of the
sea wall along the San Francisco water front, under
contract with the board of state harbor commission-
ers, and when he passed away he had finished only a
part of that great undertaking and had gone to great
expense in quarrying and cutting granite. Mr. Pierce
succeeded to Mr. Houston's interests, and success-
fully completed \\M) feet of the sea wall under a new
etnd enlarged contract, receiving as his compensation
.f240 per lineal foot.

From 1868, for seven or eight years, Mr. Pierce's
famih' lived in San l''ranciseo, and during that time
he established general offices there, although his main
interests continued to be the exploitation of hydraulic
mining properties in Yuba County, which he still
operated for many years after finishing the sea wall.
In 1866 he purchased from Mr. Lent a very beautiful
country home, occupying eighty-eight acres on the
west side of Santa Clara, naming the place "New
l^ark," after the country home of his grandfather in
England. The price paid Mr. Lent was $48,500, a
very large sum for those days. It abutted on iM'aiik-
Im Street and included the iiresent site of the C;v'-
melite Monastery and a part of what is now the coun-
try home of R, T. Pierce. He continued to own and
operate the Blue Gravel Mine, which was enlarged lo
include a water proi:)Osition and a large lot of land.
and renamed it The Excelsior Water i\: Mining Com-

342

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

pany, under which title it was conducted until sold in
1881 to a syndicate composed of Haggin & Tevis, and
others. His interest in this deal amounted to $600,000.

In 1877 Mr. Pierce bought a small planing mdl in
Santa Clara and changed its name of Enterprise
Mill to the Pacific Manufacturing Company, and in-
corporated it in 1879. He purchased some timber
lands in the Santa Cruz Mountains and built a saw-
mill at Ben Lomond and put in the first band saw to
be operated in California. Mr. Pierce at one time
owned the Empire Gold Mine in Grass Valley, which
he sold in 1872 to the father of W. B. Bourn for
$150,000. This mine was developed by the Bourns
to one of the largest and most profitable in the state.
Soon after organizing the Pacific Manufacturing Com-
pany, Mr. Pierce became quite active as a lumberman
and in addition to the Ben Lomond Mill he pur-
chased timber lands and built a sawmill at Ash Creek
at the foot of Mt. Shasta. At this time he was a
pioneer in the sugar and white pine industry. He also
owned timber lands at La Moine near Dunsmuir. He
founded the Bank of Santa Clara County and erected
the building which it occupied on the corner of Main
and Franklin streets. He served as trustee of Mills
Seminary, afterwards Mills College, for many years.
devoting a great deal of time to its interests, and
making it many gifts.

Seven children survived Mr. and Mrs. Pierce, The
eldest son, James H. Pierce, president of the Pacific
Manufacturing Company, resides on the Alameda in
San Jose; he married Marion P. Thurston, and they
had two daughters, Edith, now the wife of J. G. Ken-
nedy of Palo Alto, and Mildred, now deceased, who
was the wife of George Corner Fenhagcn, a promi-
nent architect of Baltimore, Md. Richard T. is the
tieasurer of the Pacific Manufacturing Company and
resides on one of the finest fruit ranches in the Santa
Clara Valley and has a beautiful home. Caroline L.
became Mrs. W. J. Casey, and is deceased. Annie A.
married F. D. Goodhue and resides in Pasadena.
Grace I. became Mrs. F. D. Madison, and is deceased.
Florence is Mrs. F. H. Beaver, and resides in San
F'rancisco, where her sister, Frances, now Mrs. L. L.
Morse, is also living. Mr. Pierce passed away on
February 26, 1897, and was buried beside his wife m
Laurel Hill Cemetery, San Francisco.

MRS. MARY A. WHITE.— A distinguished pio-
neer who has seen the marvelous development and
growth of Santa Clara Vallej', and is today honored
liy all who know her lor her own enviable part in
that development and expansion, is Mrs. Mary A.
White, who lives retired on Day Road, some two and
a half miles northwest of Gilroy. She was born in
County Roscommon, Ireland, on May 21, 1840, the
daughter of Thomas and Winnifred (Spellman) Ford,
well known in their land and generation. Thomas
Ford died in 1842, and in 1844 Mary Ford accompa-
nied her mother across the Atlantic to Boston, Mass.
Meanwhile Edward and James Ford came to Califor-
nia, and in 1855 Mrs. Ford and her family came out
to California by way of the Isthmus of Panama,
taking passage on the old steamer Sierra Nevada,
from New York to Aspinwall. They crossed the
Isthmus in a wagon and then traveled from Panama
to San Francisco aboard the side-wheeler Golden
Gate. Arriving in California, Mrs. Ford, Mary and
two sons came on to San Jose, to which city two
older brothers, Edward and James, had migrated.

Mrs. Ford died at Edenvale, December 17, 1886,
aged eighty years.

At San Jose, in 1858, Miss Ford married Thomas
White, who was born in Canada on November 24,
1836, and had come to California with his parents in
1853, via the Isthmus, traveling in much the same
manner as had the Fords. He was a fine young
man, and a very hard, honest worker; but his prom-
ising life was cut off all too early, and he passed
away in January, 1889, at his home near Gilroy. In
1879, the Whites had removed to a small ranch near
Gilroy, after Mr. White had engaged in ranching for
a while at Pine Ridge; and later Mr. White acquired
100 acres of the James Murphy ranch on Day Road,
which he farmed to grain and stock. After the death
of her husband, Mrs. White added eighty-eight acres
to the ranch, at the same time that she was rearing
and educating her twelve children, and later oversee-
in,g the rearing of tw^o grandsons under her roof.
Although past eighty years, she is singularly alert
and her mental faculties are keen and still ready for
the varied demands of a modern day.

The children referred to have been: Thomas, who
died m infancy; Edward, who passed away when he
was nineteen; William, who resides with his wife
and three children at Gilroy; Annie remains at home
with her mother; Thomas, married, lives with his
wife and three children at Oakland, although they
have a ranch on the" Watsonville Road; James, de-
ceased, is survived by his widow and two children,
and they reside at Colusa; John is also deceased,
but his widow and a son arc living at Gilroy; a
daughter is Sister Viviana, a nun at the convent at
Gilroy; Charles White, who married and has a wife
and one child, is an orchardist on Day Road, Gilroy;
t^rank is deceased; Louis, unmarried, lives at home
and is manager of the ranch; and Nellie also adds
her charm to tlie home circle. Mrs. White has done
much in her time to support St. Mary's parish; and
as a Democrat she has also exerted her best influence
for higher and better political conditions.

DAVID M. BURNETT.— A distinguished repre-
sentative of the California Bar of more than ordinary
interest because of his relation, as a descendant, to
one of the illustrious forefathers of the Golden State,
is David M. Burnett, son of John M. and Ellen
(Casey) Burnett, and grandson of Peter H. Burnett,
California's first governor. He was born in San
Francisco the day after Christmas, 1870, and at the
age of twelve matriculated at St. Ignatius College,
from which he was graduated on June 3, 1891, with
the Bachelor of Science degree. In the fall of the
latter year he entered the Hastings College of Law
in San Francisco; and while reading law, he was for
a year an instructor in Mathematics and English in
St. Ignatius College, and also for a year in Santa
Clara College. In August, 1894, he was admitted to
practice at the California Bar; and on the first of
September he began the practice of law in the office
of the late Charles F. Wilcox. Three years later, in
March, Mr. Burnett and H. E. Wilcox formed a
partnership which continued until February, 1917.
While in the law school, Mr. Burnett joined the fra-
ternity Phi Delta Phi, made up of law students; and
since then he has become a member of the Young
Men's Institute, Knights of Columbus, the Native
Sons, the National Union, the Sainte Claire Club and
the California Pioneers.

Q/j2A^,^r ^U^^iA^a^^^

HISTORY OF vSANTA CLARA COUNTY

345

The story of the Burnett laniily tree is particularly
interesting. Peter Hardeman Burnett was born in
Nashville. Tenn., in 1807. and grew up to be a trader
and a lawyer. In 184o he made the overland journey
to Oregon, and soon after took a prominent part in
the organization of the territorial government. He
was sent to the legislature in both 1844 and 1848,
and then became a judge of the Oregon Supreme
Court. The great excitement about the discovery of
gold in California led him to abandon everything in
Oregon and to hurry south, and lor a short time he
himself worked in the mines; but when the affairs of
the Sutter family and estate at New Helvetia be-
came so complicated, he accepted the responsibility
of their agent. In 1849 he rose to prominence in
actively urging the formation of a state government
in advance of Congressional authority; he energetic-
ally opposed the military direction of the territory by
the U. S. Government; but he yielded to the calling
of a constitutional convention, and under the new
constitution was at once elected governor, and as-
sumed office ahead of all Congressional action in
September, 1850. He resigned the governship in
18S1, practiced law, and then became one of the
supreme judges of California in 1857-58. For seven-
teen years, from 1863. Judge Burnett was very prom-
inent in San Francisco as the president of the cor-
poration known as the Pacific Bank; and in 1878 he
published a volume entitled, "Recollections of an
Old Pioneer," which is regarded as a very valuable
contribution toward an understanding of the early
political and constitutional history of the Pacific
Coast. In 1880, Judge Burnett retired and spent the
balance of his life in the family circle of his son,
John M. Burnett, where he passed away on May 16,
1895, aged eighty-seven years.

John M. Burnett, the father of our subject, was
born in Missouri in 1838, and for awhile was sent to
private schools. Later, he entered Santa Clara Col-
lege, from which he was graduated in 1858 with the
A. B. degree. A year later, that honored institution
gave him the Master of Arts degree. He studied
law, was admitted to practice in 1865, and then
opened a law^ ofirce in San Francisco.

On July 2, 1902, David M. Burnett was married to
Miss Mabel Arques, the daughter of Luis Arques, a
prominent attornej'; and their son, John M. Burnett,
born on May 1, 1903, has lived to represent the
fourth generation of the Burnetts and their enviable
association with California history. They also have a
daughter, Martha Arques Burnett, a student in the
San Jose high school.

ALEXANDER P. MURGOTTEN.— Well known
throughout the state as the editor and publisher of
The California Pioneer and later of The California
Elk, Alexander P. Murgotten has done much in this
capacity to promote the good of the organizations
which his papers represented, and has also rendered
efficient assistance in advancing the interests of San
Jose, the city in which he has resided for fifty-six
vears. A member of one of the early pioneer fam-
ilies of California, he has spent nearly all of his life
in this state, and by his intelligence, ability and in-
tegrity has been influential in promoting its indus-
trial, social, fraternal and political welfare. A son
of the late Henry Clay Murgotten, he was born Feb-
ruary 10, 1846, in Lagro, Wabash County, Ind.,
and he comes of distinguished French ancestry, his
great-grandfather Murgotten having been a wealthy

Parisian. ('■randfather Murgotten was an oflicer in
the I'rcnch navy in 1808, served under Napoleon, and
alter the second banishment of Napoleon was m a
ship that was lost off the coast (jf America. Being
rescued by an American vessel, he settled perma-
nently in Baltimore, Md., living there until iiis death,
of cholera, in 1831. He was a practical business man,
and quite well-to-do, for in addition to his earnin.gs
he received regular remittances from his father in
!' ranee. The correct French spelling of his surname
Mr. Murgotten has never dehnitely ascertaine<l.

In Muncie, Ind., December 24, 1837, Henry Clay
Murgotten married Susan Shaffer, who was born in
Lycoming County, I'a., a daughter of Adam and
Elizabeth (Gordener) Shaffer. lilizabeth (Jordener
was of I'rench ancestry, and was a daughter of
G.eorge Gordener, who was a life-long resident of
Lycoming County, Pa,, and served as a soldier in the
Revolutionarj' War. On Decendjer 24, 1887, in Pla-
ccrville, Cal., Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Murgotten cel-
ebrated their golden wedding anniversary, the occa-
sion being one of joN'ful memory. Mrs. Murgotten
lived but a lew months longer, passing away in ,San
Jose, June 21, 1888, Of the children born of their
union two survive, namely: Mary H,, widow of Hon.
William A. January, of San Jose, and Alexander P.,
the subject of this sketch. Henry Clay Murgotten
was a staunch Republican in politics, a past grand
of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and one
of the founders and leading members of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church of Placcrville,

Coming with his mother to California when a boy
of six years, the father having preceded them, Alex-
ander P. Murgotten was carried across the Isthmus
on the back of a native. He was reared and educated
in Placerville, Eldorado County, attending the public
schools until sixteen years old. He was one of the
first newsboys in the mines, beginning to sell papers
as soon as he arrived there. The New York, Boston
and St. Louis papers, although six months and even
a year old, sold readily for fifty cents, and illustrated
papers brought fifty cents and a dollar each. He
later entered the employ of William A. January, pub-
lisher of the Mountain Democrat, and in his office
learned the printer's trade. Coming with Mr. Jan-
uary to San Jose, in 1866, on January 1, he worked
for two years on the Santa Clara Argus, as foreman
of the office. Embarking then in business for him-
self, he has since been extensively engaged in job
printing and publishing. In 1877 he started the Pio-
neer, a paper that had a good circulation and was
devoted to the interests of the California pioneers.
From 1885 until 1889 Mr. Murgotten was in the em-
ploy of the Government, being superintendent of
deposit melting in the United States Mint in San
Francisco, and likewise being the representative of
the superintendent between the melting, refining and
coining departments, in this capacity handling all the
gold twice, millions of dollars' worth of it passing
through his hands every day. On change of admin-
istration Mr. Murgotten returned to San Jose, and
as junior member of the firm of Cottle and Mur-
gotten resumed the publication of the Pioneer, con-
tinuing with his partner for five or more years. In
February, 1901, he established The California Elk,
a large, twelve-page quarto, issued monthly in the
interests of the Benevolent and Protective Order of

346

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Elks of the United States, also actively and profita-
bly engaging m a general printing business.

In San Jose, June 28, 1868, Mr. Murgotten married
Martha Kelley Munroc, a native of Medina, Ohio.
Her father, Charles Munroe, started for California
by WdY of Cape Horn in 1851. He resided for a
while in San Jose, but during the excitement caused
by a rich discovery of gold in Central America, he
went to the mines of that country, and died there.

Mr. and Mrs. Murgotten celebrated their golden
wedding anniversary June 28, 1918. Of their union
five children were born, two living, Henry C. Mur-
gotten and Rev. Dr. F. C. Murgotten.

Politically, Mr. Murgotten is a Republican and
fraternally, he belongs to San Jose Lodge No. 10,
F. & A. M. He is a Shriner, a Sciot, belongs to the
Scottish Rite and a member of the Sons of the Rev-
olution, is a past noble grand of Garden City Lodge
No. 142, T. O. O. F , and is a charter member of San
Jose Lodge No. 522, B. P. O. ¥.. He was one of the
prime movers in the forming of the Santa Clara
County Pioneers' Society, which was organized June
22, 1875, and of which he was secretary for a quarter
of a century, resigning the position in 1900, but is
again occupying that office. Religiously, Mr, Mur-
gotten is a member of the Episcopal Church, and is
liberal in his religious views, according to everyone
the right to worship God as conscience dictates.

During the Exposition in San Francisco in 1915,
Mr. Murgotten was president of the California Pio-
neers of Santa Clara County and was instrumental in
engineering one of the largest and most interesting
days — Pioneer Day — when more than seventy thou-
sand attended from all parts of the state.

JULIUS MARTIN.— Numbered among the first
settlers in California who were instrumental in the
progress and growth of the Santa Clara \'alley, and
inore especially the section about Gilroy, mention is
made of Julius Martin, the first American to settle
here, taking up his residence in January, 1844, and
ever after maintaining his home here. He was born
in Stokes County, N. C, on January 2, 1804, the
son of wealthy parents, who gave him the very best
of educational advantages by sending him to Chapel
Hill College with the intention of his entering West
Point. As a student he excelled in many sports and
won a host of friends. One of his schoolmates was
Governor Stanley of North Carolina. Circumstances
w^ere such that he did not enter West Point and he
moved to Alabama, then to Mississippi, and in 1833
to a little town called Sibley, near Independence,
Mo. There he lived, farmed and traded until 1843,
when he started on the overland journey to California
with his wife and three daughters.

One of his neighbors, Joseph Childs, with some
others, w^ent to California in 1841 to "look over the
country" and so enthused were they with the soil
and climatic conditions, that when they went back
to Missouri in 1842, their stories created the desire
on the part of many friends to make this their home
and among these were Julius Martin and his family.
Their party consisted of thirty men, besides six
women and the children. They gathered at Shawnee
Mission and on May 31, 1843, began the long trek
across the continent, happy in the thought that at
the end of their journey they v/ould find their heart's
desire. Among the party was David F. McClellan, a

nephew of the scout and trader, Capt. Joseph R,
Walker, wdio had come to California in 1833. Mc-
Clellan was informed by his father that the party
would meet Walker somcwdiere on the plains and to
try to induce him to turn back and guide the train in
safety through to the coast. The first 100 miles
were made slowly and as they got farther along they
encountered several trains en route for Oregon and
all traveled together in harmony and comfort. In
the trains encountered were Peter H. Burnett, who
became the first governor of California; S. J. Hens-
ley, Major Redding, J. W. Nesmith and others who
became prominent in various circles in pioneer days.
The little party reached the Kaw River, journeyed
"westward to the south fork of the Platte, which
took them four days to cross, then on to Fort Lar-
amie, where the emigrants gave a grand ball, there
being some 1,500 in the party at that time. Leaving
the fort they soon encounted Captain Walker and
he agreed to act as their guide after he had de-
livered his furs at the fort. He caught up with them
at Independence Rock and saw them safely here.

Some miles west of Fort Hall the Oregon wagons
bade goodbye to the California contingent and the
latter wended their way slowdy towards their goal.
They found plenty of game and kept their larders
well supplied. As the}- neared the California line
they began to run short of provisions and some of
the party made up a light pack train and traveled
rapidly to reach Sutter's Fort and get back to their
part\' before the snows set in. They reached the
fort, but were too late to make the return trip and
after several days of waiting, Walker turned south
and guided the little band by way of Walker's Lake
(now Owen's) through Walker's Pass and thence to
hour Creeks (V'isalia). Provisions were getting
shorter and at the lake they burned their wagons,
buried all castings and saws, etc., for they had
material for a saw and flour mill with them. With
women and children and light packs they started out,
but had to kill a mule for provender on the way.
They were forty-eight hours without water, then
found a spring and by scooping out a place large
enough, had plenty for the people and animals.
They arrived at what is now "Visalia, then to Mis-
sion Soledad on the Salinas, in December, 1843,
worn out with the long and hard journey, but happy
to have reached the end of their travels.

Julius Martin and his little party came to San
Ysidro (Old Gilroy) a few days later and he located
there until in 1850, when he moved to a fine ranch
he had secured near New Gilroy, and this location
was ever afterwards his home. He served with Fre-
niont as a captain of American Scouts and both he
and his wife were present at Sonoma at the raising
of the Bear Flag. He left his family at Gilroy while
he tried his luck at mining, but finding that was not
his forte, turned his attention to trading with miners.
When he returned again to ranch life he began im-
proving his property and in time owned one of the
best ranches in this section of the county. It is
pleasant to relate that the original ranch is still in
possession of the heirs of Juhus Alartin and with
the passing of time has become very valuable prop-
erty. He took a very active part in the settlement of
this section, always lending a helping hand to those
seeking a home and kept open house for all way-

XJ^Q^OL^

Uay>^iJ^~^

HL^TORY OF SANTA Cr.ARA COUNTY

351

farers. For about thirty years lie was bliml, but he
was so famiHar \vith locations and so scusitne lo
toucli that lio would walk to Oilroy and aboul the
town without assistance.

Air. Martin had married, on l'\'bruar\' 14, ISoX,
Klizabeth Hcdrick jSlcPherson and she lirst saw the
light on November 23, ISU', in Ro.iue County, Tenn.
She was a woman of many resources, and utter her
husband lost his sight, she took charge of their
large ranch of some 1,,U)0 acres and carried it on
successfully until her death. They had six children,
all girls, the hrst three born in Missouri and the
others in Santa Clara County: Mary married P, B.
Tully and died leaving two daughters — Mrs. l^lmer
Ray of Gilroy and Mrs. Elizabeth Riggins of San
b'rancisco; Arzelia became the wife of Aliraham
Lewis, she died leaving three children — George of
Los Angeles, Mildred, Airs. James Sargcant, of Gil-
roy, and Abraham, an attorney in Honolulu; Martha
married Franklin Oldham and died, the mother of
four children, but now all are deceased. She was
onl\' a babe of three months when the family began
their journey to California; Susan came next, and
she was the first white child, born by a few hours,
in the Santa Clara \'alley. She is now Airs. A.
Philbrook and lives in Susanville, Cal.; Georgia was
next to the youngest and was born at Old Gilroy.
She married first. Dr. Tames F. Johnson, a physician
of San Jose, and they had one son, Edward F. He
\vas graduated from the Philadelphia College of
Pharmacy in 1892, returned to Gilroy and embarked
in the drug business, married Elsie Garret of Sacra-
mento and they had tw-o sons, Edward Martin and
Garret Abeel. He died on August 10. 1917. and the
business was continued by his widow until 1922,
when the oldest son, Martin Johnson, was graduated
from the LTniversity of California in Pharmac}', class
of '22, and now manages the establishment. His
grandmother sent him to college that he might take
his father's place in the business world. In 1922
Garret Johnson graduated from the Gilroy high
school. Mrs. James F. Johnson, in 1906, became the
wife of J. W. Beane, who learned merchandising
with Marshall Field of Chicago and \vas a pioneer
merchant of Gilroy and later a trusted employe of
Ford & Sanborn Company of Salinas and King City,
but now retired in Gilroy. Julia F. was the youngest
girl and she married Charles Hornbeck and died
in 1921 in Gilroy, leaving one child, Edith, who with
her father is living on the old Alartin homestead, one-
half mile from Gilroy. The daughters were edu-
cated at Notre Dame and Gates Institute.

The Martins entertained with the true Southern
hospitality and all travelers north and south ahvays
found a welcome at their home. Many men of
prominence were their guests, among them U. S.
Grant, later president of the United States. Airs.
Martin was glad to relate the early stories of Cali-
fornia and tell that she had lived under four flags-
Spanish, Alcalde, Bear and the American, and had
them on display at her home. She was a member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church. South, and aided
the needy at all times. She died on December 2,
1900, having survived her husband from December
26, 1891, when he passed away, having reached the
good old age of eighty-seven years, eleven months
and twenty-six days. Mr. Martin was always of a

jolly disposition ,^(1 .•illhough blind and ;Llmos1
eighty-live, he could dame the lisher's horn|)ipe with
the .grace of one h;df his .age. He likerl best of all
to talk of pioneer history and w.as an .-Luthority
sou.ght by all delvin.g into the history of the early
days. One of the responsible positions he filled before
courts were eslahlisbed was that of judge advocate
of his district and his worrl was law on all matters.
Airs. Alartin had a lar.ge collection of clippings and
papers relating to Calilornia history which she pre-
served with great care and now are a valuable acqui-
sition to the annals of the county. The old Martin
home is still standing and was built of logs hewed
by hand from the redwood and oaks found grow.-ing
near Gilroy in 1845.

HENRY MILLER.— Few among the names of
those pioneers who did the big things in helping to
develop and build up California into the Golden State
have come to have half of the fascination of romance
and the glamor of renown such as surrounds the hon-
ored name of Henry Miller, the cattle king of Cal-
ifornia and father of Los P.anos. whose story is the
narrative, like that of a fairy tale, of the remarkable
career of a man whose industry, intellect and integrity
conquered one of the most promisin,g, and in truth
one of the richest empires on the face of the earth.
A butcher boy in the days of his San Francisco
youth, he won lands and amassed a fortune above that
of many a king, and was lord, not only of all that
he could survey, but of twice the area of the king-
dom of Belgium. He reached his ninetieth year, and
it is safe to say that nearly eighty-five of those years
were periods of hard toil, and strenuous activity.

Henry Aliller was born in Brackenheim, Wurtem-
berg, Germany, on July 21, 1827, and grew up a
farmer's boy. familiar with country life from early
childhood. When fourteen years old, he had. among
other duties the job watching over a flock of geese;
but one day he walked home, leaving the geese to
look after themselves, and informed his astonished
and skeptical sister that he was through with that
sort of slow routine and was going out into the world
to do something for himself. Two or three years
were spent in Holland and England, and then, setting
sail for New York, the ambitious young German
was engaged as a butcher in the small city even then
the New World's metropolis. The discovery of gold
in California in 1848 attracted not only the attention of
most of the civilized world, but it seized hold of Henry
Aliller with such a grip that in the famous Argo-
naut year of '49 he joined the hurrying throngs try-
ing to cross the Isthmus of Panama, and himself
sought the new El Dorado. LIpon arriving in Pan-
ama, Henry Miller, then only twenty-two years of
age, discovered an exceptionally^ good opportunity for
engaging in business, and there formed a partnership
with an American; but the enterprise had been
launched only a few weeks, when Miller was stricken
with Panama fever — a most serious malady at that
time of inadequate medical skill and attendance.
When he had sufficiently recovered to hobble down
to his business house, he discovered that his partner
had swamped the business beyond all possibility of
salvation, so that when all the bills had been paid,
Aliller had sufficient cash to obtain passage to San
Francisco, where he landed in 1850, with just five
dollars in his pocket, and a walking stick in his
hand. He was still weak, from the effects of the fever.

352

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

but he resolutely hobbled forth to seek employment,
and made it a point to call at 'every business house
along Montgomery Street. Usually, he met with
disappointment; but before the day was over, he had
engaged himself to a butcher.

A young man of Henry Miller's natural and already
developed ability could not be expected to accept
employment from another person very long, and
after the San Francisco fire in 1851, he leased a lot
on Jackson Street, erected a one-story building, and
there opened a retail butcher shop, and this unpre-
tentious business store with its very small stock but
early openings and late closings became the corner-
stone of the Miller fortunes. He went down into the
valleys below San Francisco, purchased beef cattle
and drove them into the city for butchering; and in
these journeyings about the country he became well-
acquainted with the cattle-raisers of the state and
their conditions. There were several large compet-
itors in the butcher business in San Francisco at
that time, and among them was one ni particular,
Charles \V. Lux, who was soon to appreciate Miller's
capabilities. In 1857, Henry Miller visited the cat-
tle-raising regions and ([Uietly secured options on all
the available beef cattle north of the Tehachapi range,
and when the astonished buyers of his competitors
appeared there were no beeves to be had by them.
This splendid stroke of enterprise, marked at that
time, enabled Miller to make his own terms with Lux
and others, and partnership with Lux was the imme-
diate outgrowth of the puzzling situation.

The new firm entered the field vigorously, and
gradually began to acquire lands upon which to
graze its herds, for when Miller & Lux began their
business as a firm, a vast domain of unfenced graz-
ing land existed in the great sweep of valleys and
western slopes of the Sierra Nevada range — in fact,
millions of acres were unclaimed from the Govern-
ment. As the population increased, and the business
of ^filler & Lux expanded, it became necessary to
increase the acreage held for grazing purposes, and
Spanish grants were bought at prices that would
astonish the ranchmen of today. A square mile could
then be purchased at a figure now quoted for a single
acre, and in those days even cowboy employees took
up Government land under the preemption, homectead
and desert-land acts, and after acquiring a title would
dispose of it to their emplo\-ers for a few cents an
acre. In this way, and by purchasing the rights of
discouraged ranchers, the vast and tremendously ^-al-
uable Miller & Lux empire was obtained. It reciuired
foresight to inspire the investors, the power of looking
ahead and discerning what so many others with equal
opportunities failed to discover; but it also required
courage, nerve to carry the deals through.

One of the most notable purchases made by this
epoch-making firm was the great Santa Anita rancho
of 100,000 acres near Los Eanos, which was obtained
from Hildreth & Hildreth with its vast herds, soon
after Henry Miller's advent in the San Joaquin
Valley; and the Hildreth brand of three bars, crossed
through the center became the Miller & Lux brand
for manv years thereafter. And whatever or where-
ever the brand of Miller & Lux was to be found, one
might bank upon it that it represented a desirable,
superior quality, for the secret of the rise of Henry
Miller to the position of millionaire cattle baron was
his remarkable knowledge of cattle, and an equally
remarkable knowledge of men.

It is stated that Henry Miller at one time had tlie
ambition to own the whole of California, but whether
that be true or not, it is known that he was never
anxious to part with lands after he had once acquired
them, especially if thej- were suitable for grazing
purposes, and he was ever ready to invest all surplus
cash in the purchase of land. It is said, on the other
hand, that Charles Lux at one time became frightened
at his partner's purchasing jiroclivities, and sought to
retire from the business. "Mr. Miller, we now have
$100,000 in the bank in cash, and I think that this
IS an opportune time to dissolve partnership. Let
us settle up." "You say that we have $100,000 in
cash?" replied Mr. Miller. "Well, wait until I return
from this trip." When Mr. Miller came back, Mr.
Lux found that the firm had just invested in more
land to the tune of $100,000, for Miller could not
pass up a .good chance to invest in acreage when the
cash lay temptingly at hand. While Mr. Lux was
a good financier and ofticc man, there is no doubt
of the fact that he was made a millionaire in spite of
liimsclf, and that he ow"ed much of his own prosperity
to his more aggressive pjartncr. He could not let go
when he wished to, and he remained a member of
the firm until his death in 1887.

Henry Miller reckoned his holdings by the square
mile, not by the acre, and a bit of evidence he gave in
court some years ago — entertaining reading today.
"In taking it ranch after ranch," he said, "in Santa
Clara County it has an extent of twenty-four miles
north and south, and about seven to eight miles east
and west. In Merced County we have thirty-six
miles north and south, and then about thirty-two
miles east and west. The Malheur property is an
extent of ninety miles northwest to southeast, and
about sixty miles north to south. Then comes the
purchase of what we call the Todhunter & Devinc
property. That lies in Harney County, Ore., and
comprises over seven-tenths of 125 miles north and
south and about seventy-five miles east and west,
with a good distance in between." There is no doubt
whatever, however, that the amount of the Miller &
Lux holdings have been greatly overestimated. A
siK'cial writer for one of the noted San Francisco
dailies gave an estimate of 14,539,000 acres, but be-
hind these astounding figures was a journalistic pur-
pose of exaggerating, for with ownership and leases
combined, the total would not reach half of that fig-
ure. The richest holdings are in Merced and Madera
counties, and amount to probably 350,000 acres. The
P.uttonwillow district will swell the total by 200,000
more, and Fresno County and other districts will
probably increase the San Joaquin holdings to 700,-
000 acres, and there are nearly 20,000 acres in the
region of Gilroy, and other, smaller tracts scattered
over the state. The Miller (.\: Lux acreage m the
states of Nevada and Oregon will bring the grand
total up to nearly 3,000,000 acres. It is a common
saying among stockmen that Henry Miller could
travel from the Idaho line to the Mexican border and
camp on his own land every night; and no other
man in America ever has, or ever will again, con-
trol such an immense acreage of agricultural lands.
It almost staggers belief that this tremendous empire
was owned and occupied by one man's interests,
and was nearly all under his personal supervision.
Henry Miller was almost continually on the move in
the years of his health and activity, for he did most
of his work in the days before the automobile, al-

HISTORY C)F SANTA Cl.ARA CDUNTY

355

though he was one of the first to import a fine Freiuh
car. He came to disHke the machine, however, owiiiK
to the rough roads he was generally compelled to
travel, and in rather short order he discarded it again,
and once more took to either his favorite buggy or
buckboard, in making his round of visits across the
vast Miller & Lux ranches.

In 1860, Henry Miller was married to Miss Sarah
Wilmarth Sheldon, a lady of culture and refinement,
and two daughters and a son were born to them.
Henry Alillcr, Jr., died in his fortieth year, survived
by a widow, an honored resident of Gilroy. The
youngest daughter. Miss Sarah Alice, was killed by
a runaway horse. Another daughter, Mrs. J. Leroy
Nickel, has resided at 2101 Laguna Street, San Fran-
cisco, and it was at her residence that Mr. Miller
expired, on October 14, 1916. George Nickel, a
grandson of the famous pioneer, has resided on the
Ortigalito ranch, eight miles to the southeast of Los
Banos. The immediate life estate was left to Mrs.
Nickel and her husband, who had taken a leading hand
in the management of the Miller & Lux properties,
and some $225,000 for surviving relatives of Mr. and
Mrs. Miller, and $30,000 in smaller amounts to em-
ployees, were provided for by bequests in the will.

A notable achievement of Henry Miller was his
organization and control of the San Joaquin & Kings
River Canal and Irrigation Company, and not a few'
of his enterprises were productive of much benefit
to others, as well as to himself and near of kin. William
T. Stockton, the pioneer, who first became acquainted
with Mr. Miller in 1872. soon overcame his preju-
dices to great landholders and found that Miller was
performing a great service to other folks seeking to
establish themselves; the pioneer could go to his
straw-stacks and get straw for the asking, and to
Canal Farm and get a cow; and such courtesies were
given to rich and poor alike. When the section from
Los Banos to Newman was in dire straits for water,
Henry Miller, at a cost of some $3,000,000 built a
canal and delivered water to the people, without an
extra cent of cost to them. He also made a present
to the county of a road built at an expense of $45,000,
and running to the San Joaquin River. He was born
to rule, to lead, to point the way to others, and to get
there himself; he testified in court that during the
hard times in the five years following Mr. Lux's
death, he made $1,700,000 a year, or $8,000,000 in five
years, an amount that seems almost incredible, but
which must be true. Henry Miller was of striking
personal appearance, and in his prime was an exact
linage of General \]. S. Grant. He was simple in his
habits, and would tolerate no homage from anvone.
Dr. J. L. McClelland said, when Mr. Miller 'died:
"He has endowed no colleges, but he has given mil-
lions as he went along without exacting any pledge
of remembrance, or making any condition of pub-
licitj'. There are thousands of humble men and
widows who can testify that his giving of valuable
land and goodly sums of coin has been in strict accord
with the Scripture admonition, "Let not thy left hand
know what thy right hand doeth." And Andrew R.
Schottky, the distinguished lawyer, said; "I saw a
poor butcher boy coming from Germany to California;
I saw him accumulating vast acreages of land on the
Pacific Coast; I saw thousands of happy and pros-
perous homes on land developed and sold by him; I
saw no instance of colonists being defrauded and im-
poverished by being placed on poor land at high

lirices. Underthinking persons will perhaps censure
him for his great wealth, but the fair minded will think
of the fact that in accumulating his wealth, he devel-
o|)ed land and took advantage of opportunity, but
dill not crush and destroy men. When all is said
and done, his was a life of intense usefulness, and
his contribution to the present and the future of Cal-
ifornia is large. The words of Mark Anthony at
the death of Brutus are peculiarly appropriate at the
death of Henry Miller: 'This was a man!'"

ANDREW P. HILL.— The position that Andrew
P. Hill occupies in the professional, commercial and
social life of San Jose is an evidence of the rare abil-
ity distinguishing his citizenship in this community.
The state of California has long been recognized by
artists as furnishing a diversity of scenes unsurpassed
by any other state in the union, and Mr. Hill is easily
recognized as a leader in the portrayal of nature; but
Andrew P. Hill's name and strenuous efforts will for-
ever be associated -nith the preservation to the state
and to humanity of the beautiful California Redwood
Park. Thousands of tourists visit this beautiful spot
annually, and reverence the man who so bravely
fought for the preservation of these wonderful trees,
and the people of California owe him a debt of grati-
tude for his perseverance and unselfish efforts in the
saving of this forest from the rava,ges of fire and van-
dals. Mr. Hill has long enjoyed the distinction of
being one of California's foremost artists. He has ex-
hibited pictures and taken gold medals in panoramic
photography at Buffalo, Omaha, St. Louis, New
Orleans, Portland, and the Mid-Winter Fair at San
Francisco.

Many of his canvasses adorn the walls of perma-
nent art exhibits and homes in California and other
states, and his wide experience and generallj' ap-
proved method of representation justify the influence
which he exerts in all matters pertaining to the estab-
lishment of high artistic ideals in the west. Mr. Hill
brings to his work the energy, excellence and distinc-
tion which is characteristic of the undertakings of
the artists, authors and statesmen of the state of In-
diana, where he was born near Valparaiso, Porter
County, August 9, 1853, and where he lived until he
was fourteen. A pride of ancestry centers around his
forbears; his paternal great-grandfather, John Hill,
served in the Revolutionary War under General Put-
nam, and he married Rebecca Harvey, niece of the
gallant general and hero of Bunker Hill; and Hya-
cinth Hill, daughter of John Hill, married Abraham
Garfield, father of James A. Garfield. Elijah B. Hill,
son of the Revolutionary soldier, carried a musket in
the war of 1812, and in time became one of the earliest
pioneers of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, where he carried
mail to Cleveland, when that now flourishing com-
munity consisted of three houses. Elijah Putnam Hill,
father of Andrew Putnam, was born in Hillsboro,
Ohio, and was a buyer of furs for northern Indiana
for the Hudson Bay Company. In 1853, he crossed
the plains in an ox train which counted Samuel Man-
ning among its fortune hunters. While crossing the
plains he became separated from his part}- and, ui
company with Mr. Manning, was hunting some stolen
stock which had been run off by the Indians. They
succeeded in keeping the Indians at bay and were able
to reach camp, but !Mr. Hill died from the strain and
exposure on the sixth day after his arrival at Amador
City, Cal., and he was the first white man buried
there. On the maternal side. Mr. Hill is descended

356

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

from colonial stock, tor his mother Jennie (Rose)
Hill, was the daughter of Henry Montgomery and
Sallie (I'risby) Rose, the former of whoin served in
the War of 1812, and was in turn the son of a Revo-
lutionary soldier. Grandfather h'risby also espoused
the colonial cause during the War of Independence
as drum major to Washington's stafi.

Andrew P. Hill came with an uncle via Panama in
1867, to California, stopping for a year in Amador
County. Very early in life he developed an aptitude
for drawing, which grew as he had opportunity for
stud\-. During the year of 1868, he enrolled as a stu-
dent in Santa Clara College, but before finishing his
course, he \vas offered a position by his uncle, Warner
Rose, a prominent stock raiser of San Luis Obispo
County, with whom he remained for about three
year^, receiving a practical education along various
lines, but the knowdedge gained could not be com-
puted m dollars and cents. Through the advice of
Charles F. Reed, Mr. Hill began to take lessons in
painting under Virgil Williams in San Francisco, and
a few years later he was associated with L. O.
Lussier in portrait painting in San Francisco and San
Jose. In the meantime he studied the human figure
under \'irgil Tojetti of San Francisco. His progress
along his chosen line of work was gratifying, both to
himself and friends, and he became an active member
of the vSan Francisco Art Association.

Mr. Hill is the recipient of luany medals for paint-
ings exhibited at the state capital. In the year of
1876, he established the first studio, in partnership
with Mr. Lussier, in San Jose, where he also had a
large class. After the death of his partner, he con-
tinued his varied art career, and from portraiture
branched out into the painting of horses in motion, a
departure gratifyin,g in its results, for practically all
of the famous horses in the state were painted by him,
either singly or in groups. The first and most not-
able historical work painted by Mr. Hill was known
as the "Murphy Party," the first emigrant party as-
cending to the summit from Donner Lake, and which,
because of its faithfulness to incidents of the pioneer
life of the state, was purchased and placed in the his-
torical room of the California Pioneers' Association
of San Francisco, but destroyed by fire in 1906. He
took a gold medal on this in 1878 at Sacramento. His
"Camp of Israel," painted for J. W. Kelchner, has
received encomiums of praise from the art world in
general, and was given two pages in the New York
Sunday Times.

Mr. Hill became interested in photography about
fifty years ago, and maintained a fine studio in San
Jose from 1885 to 1906. Governor Stanford desired
his liorses taken in motion, and Mr. Hill was thus em-
ployed for nearly eight years. He also photographed
the laying of the corner stone of Stanford Univer-
sity, and the breaking of the ground. Until the death
of the famous financier and philanthropist, the ser-
vices of Mr. Hill were in constant demand. Mr. Hill
has contributed many illustrations to the magazines
and periodicals throughout the world, his scope in-
cluding portraits, animals and landscapes. His sketch
portraying a fire in the Santa Cruz Mountains, that
had been put out with new wine, appeared in the Lon-
don Wide World during the year of 1900. While en-
deavoring to secure material for these pictures, he
became interested in the old redwood trees, which
have been preserved through his strenuous efforts in
their behalf. During the disastrous earthquake and

fire of 1906, most of his paintings were destroyed, but
he soon opened up another studio at his home, and
his exhibits attract people from every part of the
United States. To Mr. Hill belongs the distinction of
being the first artist to discover the means of match-
ing photographs, so as to form a continuous, pano-
ramic picture, and he has taken many prizes and
medals for his exhibits. His photographs of the giant
redwoods of California are famous the world over.
He lives close to nature, and every mood in which
she indulges is refiected upon his temperamental, fine
and aspiring mind. The singing brook, the giant
tree, the turbulent winds, talk to him as to one who
understands, and who, understanding, portrays with
genius and sincerity.

Mr. Hill is an honored member of the Sons and
Daughters of Pioneers. Mrs. Hill has been his con-
stant companion and helpmate in his various lines of
art, and has assisted him in his studies. She is a
graduate of the San Jose State Normal School, class
of 1876, and for eight years was an instructor in the
schools of San Jose. She is the daughter of Benja-
min F. Watkins, a native of Genesee County, N. Y.,
who, in 1846 crossed the plains to Oregon, being a
member, when he started, of the ill-fated Donner
party, but from which he separated at Fort Hall. Mr.
Watkins engaged in mining in Oregon for a time, and
then crossed the mountains to California. He owned
160 acres of land in San Francisco wdiich is now the
site of the depot at corner of Third and Townscnd
streets. In 1850, he returned east by way of the
Isthmus of Panama, and married Laura Broughton,
of Malonc, N. Y., ndio accompanied him to the west
during the year of 1851. Mr. Watkins then pur-
chased and located upon a ranch near Santa Clara and
owned the first strawberry farm in California. Here
he engaged in general farming and fruit raising until
he passed away at the age of fifty-eight. Mrs. Hill's
maternal grandfather, Shebuel Broughton, married
Sarah Summer, a cousin of Charles Summer, a lineal
descendant of General Israel Putnam, of Revolution-
ary fame.

Mr. and Mrs. Hill are the parents of two children;
Andrew P., Jr., a graduate of Stanford University,
and now — 1922 — head of the department of manual
training in the Palo Alto grammar school. He is
married and has one child; Frank E. is also a gradu-
ate of Stanford, which he supplemented with a course
at the Illinois University; later receiving a degree
from Columbia University, and for two years prior to
the outbreak of the war, was assistant professor in the
English department of Columbia. He married the
daughter of Prof. George Hcmpl, and they are the
parents of two children. He enlisted in the aviation
corps at the opening of the war, received his training
and commission as lieutenant at Kelly Field, and was
on his way to serve overseas, when he was honorably
discharged at New York. He was then employed by
the Curtis Aeroplane Company as publicity man, and
remained there two years; he then became first as-
sistant to the chief editor of the New York Globe.

Had Mr. Hill not penetrated the home of the giant
redwoods in search of illustrating material, and had
he not been denied the right to perpetuate, through
his camera, their dignified and giant proportions, the
history of this now famous region of the Big Basin
might have terminated with much less credit to the
state of California. The achievement of Mr. Hill in
saving these giants of the forest, is appreciated by

HISTORY OF SANTA CI^ARA COUNTY

359

the lovers of nature throughout the world. Already
the shadow of the sawmill hung over the sentinels of
the forest, and their doom was read in the books of a
lumbering company, which measuicci their lengths
with commercial tape, nor cared tliat their passing
meant the destruction of a portion of the glory of the
universe. The Big Basin Lumber Company liad pur-
chased its rights, and H. L. Middleton, the heaviest
stockholder, was probably, before his awakening, to-
tally unconscious of the part he was to play in avert-
ing a tragedy of nature. Had Mr. Hill not worked
untirmgly toward his goal, this magnificent park of
10,200 acres would not now belong to the state.
Through his energy, he succeeded in organizing the
first meeting of interested people held at Stanford
University to formulate plans to save the giant red-
woods of the Big Basin for a public park, and perse-
veringly kept the vv'heels of action in motion, enlist-
ing such men as David Starr Jordan; Prof. W. R.
Dudley; Father Kenna of Santa Clara University; Dr.
IMcClish of the Pacific University, and others taking
up the matter, and Carrie Stevens Walter, Mrs. Phoe-
be A. Hearst, Mrs. Lowell White, and many other
prominent women of the state, coming to the rescue
of the great trees of the Big Basin. The press
throughout the state spoke favorably of securing at
least a portion of the basin for a park. Mr. Hill had
a public duty to perform, and he went at it with a
singleness of purpose which has made men con-
querors of fate since the beginning of time. He
traveled throughout the state, rousing press and peo-
ple to enthusiasm, and bringing them to see the ad-
vantage of preserving these giants of the forest. After
ceaseless waiting and anxiety, the legislature of Cali-
fornia passed a bill appropriating $250,000 for the pur-
chase of the park from the lumber company, and the
governor affixed his signature to the bill, and the
towering giants were saved. The traveler in no other
clime sees trees a hundred feet in circumference and
upwards of three hundred and more feet high. The
Big Basin is shut in by a mountainous rim from 1800
to 2600 feet in height. On the southwest the Basin
slopes to the sea, which is reached through two deep
gorges piercing its rim. It is in Santa Cruz County,
and touches a portion of San Mateo County, in the
Santa Cruz Mountains of the Coast Range, barely
thirty-three miles from San Jose by road and sixteen
miles in an air line. Mr. Hill was the organizer of
the Sempervirens Club of California and for ten years
has served as president. Their rallying cry was "Save
the Redwoods."

Probably the painting entitled "Crossing the Plains"
is the most notable of Mr. Hill's recent productions.
It was purchased by subscription and it was a mem-
orable event on April 23, 1921, when this fine painting
was presented to the people of California. Many
notables were in attendance at the presentation,
among them being Governor Stephens, Mrs. James
Patterson, who drove the last iron spike that united
the east and west; Mr. Brown, who made the first
plow in California on J Street, Sacramento; John
McNaught, the well known author and publisher; Al-
fred Bettens and R. M. Bettens, the leading hotel
managers; Mr. and Mrs. Alden Anderson and many
others. Alex. P. Murgotten, secretary of the Andrew
P. Hill Art Committee, made the presentation speech,
in which he spoke of the inspiration of the artist to
paint a picture that would live in the memory of the

pioneers of California. Governor Ste[)hens accepted
it for the people of California.

Mr. Hill is an honored member of the Pioneer
Society of Santa Clara County, and served on the
board of directors of the Forest Play Association of
California, and the Sempervirens Club. The "Save
the Redwoods" league appropriated their name from
Ihe "Save tlie Redwoods" rallying cry of the Semper-
virens Club. Mr. Hill's name and his life work
is entitled to a conspicuous place in the historical
literature of California, for there are few men liv-
ing here today \\-hose labors have such a lasting
infiuence upon the happiness, prosperity, and wel-
fare of the commonwealth. Mr. Hill holds a con-
cession at California Redwood Park to sell park
pictures, and his summers are spent there. He
.a:lves lectures every Sunday on the trees of Cali-
fornia to appreciative audiences, and during the win-
ter months he paints pictures to fill orders taken
during the summer.

RICHARD P. KEEBLE.— A typical representa-
tive of the self-made men of our times, occupying
a well-deserved place of prominence and affluence
in the Santa Clara Valley, is Richard P. Keeble,
known to his wide circle of friends as Dick Keeble,
who has contributed much to the upbuilding of the
county during his long residence here, and particu-
larly has he done much to advance the interests of
the fruit industry. He was born near Maryville,
Blount County, Tenn., August 6, 1868, a son of
Marion and Martha Jane (Clark) Keeble, both na-
tives of that state. The Clark family were of Eng-
lish ancestrjr, while Mrs. Keeble's maternal ancestors,
the Thompsons, were of Scotch descent and among
the early settlers of Tennessee. The Keeble family
came from England, settling in Virginia just prior
to the Revolutionary War, and Great-grandfather
Richard Keeble served in that struggle for independ-
ence. Grandfather Keeble, also named Richard, was
a pioneer of Tennessee, and his son, Marion Keeble,
the father of our subject, was an officer in the Con-
federate army in the Civil War, serving under Gen.
Fitzhugh Lee. For many years he was a prominent
farmer in Eastern Tennessee, where he passed away,
the father of ten children, seven of whom are living,
five of them being residents of California.

The second eldest of the family, Dick Keeble, at-
tended the public schools of Blount County for a
short time during the winter months, his summers
being spent in working on the farm. In 1889 he
came out to California, remaining for a month at
Los Angeles and then going on to Ventura County,
where he was employed on a bean thresher for a
season. At the time of his father's death, in 1890,
he returned to his old home in Tennessee where he
remained for a year and a half, and then he made
up his mind to return to the Coast and locate here
permanently'. For a time he resided in Washington,
where he was engaged in the lumber business, com-
ing back to California in 1892 and settling in the
Santa Clara Valley, where he found employment dur-
ing the fruit season. He began at the bottom of
the ladder on arriving here, working for A. D. Rice, a
rancher, at twenty-five dollars a month, but as he
was willing and observant, he soon mastered ranch-
ing methods as practiced in California. By thrift and
economy he saved a considerable portion of his
wages, so that in 1905. with his brother, he pur-

360

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

chased a ranch near Edenvale. Later he acquired
a five-year lease on the Ogier ranch, on the Brokaw
road, and after live successful seasons, he purchased
the 115 acres that comprised the Ogier home place.
Energetic and enterprising, he began at once to
add to its improvements and set out and reset much
of the place to all varieties of pears, until he de-
veloped it into one of the finest and best-equipped
pear orchards in the state. The phenomenal suc-
cess which attended his efforts is a conclusive proof
of the statement that the Santa Clara Valley is the
center of the pear-raising industry.

Mr. Keeble has also engaged extensively in the
fruit business and besides shipping his own fruit he
bought pears, apples and olives, packed them and
shipped them East, his business growing to very
large proportions, so that in 1920 he had become the
largest individual green fruit shipper in the United
States, building up this business through his energy
and capability from a small beginning and increas-
ing its volume each year. He has constructed his
own packing sheds, modernly equipped with a full
complement of machinery, ten men being employed
the year around, while the services of sixty men
are required during the busy season. Mr. Keeble
has also developed a forty-acre pear orchard just
north of San Jose, so that it can readily be seen that
he has unbounded faith in the prosperity of the
fruit industry in the Santa Clara Valley. The prod-
ucts of his orchard have been shipped to all the large
markets of the United States as well as supplying
the export trade. In the fall of 1921 he disposed of
his large orchard, a record sale, as it was the con-
sensus of opinion that it was the highest price ever
paid for a like acreage in this valley.

During the past twenty-five years Mr. Keelile's life
has been a varied one, and he has crossed the con-
tinent twenty-seven times in disposing of his fruit
and looking after his interests. His rise to promi-
nence and affluence in a few short years is all the
more interesting, since he says that it was in Cali-
fornia that he made his first dollar. Besides his fruit
interests, he has invested in two other ranches, one
of fifty-two and one of forty-two acres; the latter
is in alfalfa and is leased as a dairy. Politically
Mr. Keeble is a stanch Republican, supporting the
principles of the party of his choice, and has served
on the county election board several times. De-
servedly popular among a large circle of friends, he
participates in the activities of the San Jose Country-
Club and the Chamber of Commerce and is a char-
ter member of the San Jose Commercial Club. It
is to such men that the rising generation may look
for moral and material guidance, for unselfishness has
been one of his chief characteristics and industry and
courage his unfailing guides.

JAMES LOUIS LIGHTSTON.— A native son of
California who has for the past eleven years been
connected with the city government is James Louis
Lightston, who is now deputy city treasurer and
license collector. Mr. Lightston was elected for
three terms as city treasurer; when the new com-
mission form of government was established this
position became appointive and Mr. Lightston was
again selected to hold this office, which he does to
the entire satisfaction of his constituents. He was
born in San Jose on February 14, 1872, the son of
Frank and Juanita (Soto) Lightston, the father a

'49er, having come to this country during the time
of the gold rush and first tried his luck as a miner.
He was the first city treasurer of the city of San
Jose, and was also the deputy sheriff; James Light-
ston is still using the books that were opened by his
father. The mother was a member of an old Spanish
family, and passed away in the year 1900, her hus-
band having preceded her, in 1890.

James was educated in St. Joseph's school, and
when he first began to make his livelihood he began
as a clerk in a grocery store and was engaged in
that line for a period of five years; he then went to
work for an undertaker's establishment and was em-
I^lovcd here for three years; then he spent ten years
in railroad work and later he was elected to the
position of city treasurer and license collector for
three terms, and later, under the new form of gov-
ernment, he received this appointment, and in all he
has served in that office for eleven years.

Mr. Lightston's marriage united him with Sarah
A. Rossmussen, a meinber of an old pioneer family
of San Jose, of which place she is a native; they
are the parents of three children: Louis N., Charles
F., and Juanita. I\Ir. Lightston is very popular in
the fraternal organizations of which he is a mem-
ber, the Woodmen of the World, Foresters, Red
Men, and the Yeomen Lodge. In national politics
he is a Republican, and in his religious faith is a
member of the Catholic Church.

ELIZA ANN SUTHERLAND.— Much credit
must be given to the wives of the early pioneers of
California, who by their patience and loving sacrifice
helped their husbands lay the foundation of a great
civilization, and in Eliza Ann Sutherland, the wife
of the late James Sutherland, we have a woman of
rare charm, who has reared a large and useful fam-
ily, and who, in the evening of life, is surrounded by
many admiring friends and her loving children, and
she dispenses hospitality freely at her home at 483
South Sixth Street in San Jose. She was born in
Ray County, Mo., on September 4, 1850, and when
thirteen years old left her Missouri home to begin
the long journey across the plains. The ox teams
« ere under Captain Duncan and the train consisted
of many wagons and thirty families, and with their
horses, mules, oxen and cows, proceeded on their
journey. Her father, John Esrey, had married Miss
Sarah Jane Stratton, a native of Kentucky, in Mis-
souri and they had five children; Eliza Ann, our
subject; Madelnah, Mrs. Wm. Ingram, deceased; John
Wesley of Lemoore; Mary L. of Los Angeles, and
Thomas S. of San Francisco. On account of Mrs.
Esrey's delicate health the father was making the
journey to a milder climate in the hopes that she
would regain her health. Many hardships were en-
dured, and the constant fear of the Indians, which
they encountered, added greatly to their discomfort.
The mother was stricken with that dread disease,
the mountain fever, and despite the care and atten-
tion given her, she died and was buried at the little
village of Galena about three miles from Washoe,
Nevada. The shock of losing her mother at this
time, seemed more than the little girl, Eliza Ann,
could endure, and to add to their troubles, the two
younger children, Madelnah and Mary, were taken
sick with the same disease, and for many weeks their
lives were despaired of and they became so weak-

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HIST(~)RV OF SANTA CLARA C( )LTN7A'

365

died that tboy could not walk. After tluv biKaii
to mend and were al)le to be up and around tbey
bad to learn to walk over again. Arriving in Cali-
fornia in 1864 tbe family settled tbirty miles south
of Fresno at a town now known as Lemoorc, where
relatives had settled at an earlier date. After four
years' residence there, Miss Esrey was married to
James Sutherland, a native of England, born in 1847,
who came to America with tbe family when four
years old, coming to California via the Isthmus of
Panama. They landed in Sacramento County, later
going to the San Joaquin \'alley, where the whole
family raised cattle. Mr. and Mrs. Sutherland, whose
marriage license was issued at old Millerton, were
married at Visalia in 1868, and with a two-horse
wagon spent their honeymoon traveling up to Santa
Clara County and settled about two miles northwest
of what is now known as Lawrence Station. Their
land adjoined the Murphy tract, where Sunnyvale
was built. Arriving here Mr. and l\Irs. Sutherland
stopped with his parents two years, then bought the
ranch adjoining, continuing there until coming to San
Jose. He was the prime mover with his father, in
erecting the Bay View Methodist Episcopal Church,
South, near the Brawley school, which was later
moved to Mountain \'iew. He was one of the most
liberal supporters of St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal
Church, South, in San Jose, up to the time of his
death. He was liberal towards all good movements
for the upbuilding of the county and when he died
was mourned by a large circle of friends.

Mr. and Mrs. Sutherland reared five children:
Jonathan Clark, whose sketch appears in this volume;
Caroline became Mrs. Scott Dean, and they had a
son, Robert W., who was reared by his grandmother
from the age of nine and who died aged twenty-one,
both of whom have passed away; Annie J., now Mrs.
L. A. Bates, a contractor and builder and they reside
in San Jose; Lena is the wife of A. T. Grifiin, em-
ployed by the Prune & Apricot Association, and they
reside at 466 Fifth Street, San Jose. There are six
grandchildren, Frances Bates, James Bates, Lucilc
Bates, Dorothy T. Griffin, Carrie (Sutherland)
Munger and Cleanie Sutherland, and one great-
grandchild, Charles Munger. Mrs. Sutherland still
owns two dairy farms near Lemoore, Cal., which
have become very valuable. Just before the great
earthquake of 1906, the Sutherlands bought the home
at 483 South Sixth Street, and this has been their
home ever since. On account of failing health Mr.
Sutherland for three years traveled from place to
place seeking relief, but to no avail, and on July 2,
1916, he passed away. Politically he was a Demo-
crat and fraternally was an Odd Fellow. In their
religious convictions they were members of the
Methodist Church, South, and Mrs. Sutherland is
an active member of the Home Missionary Society.
It is a delight to meet Mrs. Sutherland and to hear
her relate the experiences through which she has
passed and to realize that the hardships and sacri-
fices were the mellowing influences that have brought
the charm and beauty of later years.

GEORGE BISSELL POLHEMUS.— Mourned

by many who had come to recognize in him rjnt of
the most representative Californians, as he was cer-
tainly one of the foremost, influential citizens of
Santa Clara County, C.eorge Bissell Polhemus, the
well-known orchardist, passed away on July 26, 1914,
at his residence on Stockton Avenue, San Jose, fol-
lowing a short illness, although he had been in fail-
ing health for over a year. He was born in San Fran-
cisco on Januar\' 21. 1857, the son of tbe late Charles
]'>. Polhemus, a nati\e of New jersey, who made off
to South America when he was seventeen years of
age. He pitched bis tent at various points on the
West Coast in Chile and Peru; but when the gold
fever broke out in California, he hurried north and
established a branch of Alsop & Company, then one
of the largest Yankee houses in South America. In
1864 he became interested with Messrs. Donahue,
Newhall & Polhemus in the San Francisco & San
Jose Railroad, which they guaranteed and subse-
quently owned; the}' worked the railroad up to 1867,
and in the meantime built a branch to Gilroy, and
then sold out to Stanford, Huntington and other pio-
neer railroad builders.

This venture had one particularly interesting re-
sult. Through investing in this railroad, Mr. Pol-
henms was compelled to purchase the Commodore
Stockton ranch of 2,000 acres, which was later sub-
divided, and he thus came to acquire the old Stock-
ton ranch house on Stockton Avenue, which was
brought from New York City by Commodore Stock-
ton in 1849 or 1850, with eighteen other houses,
around Cape Horn. In 1867 Mr. Polhemus nego-
tiated for himself and three associates the purchase
of 180,000 acres of land in Los Angeles and San Ber-
nardino County, which they bought at the almost
fabulously low price, viewed in the light of later val-
uations, of $1.50 an acre — although at that time the
land was more or less of a drug on the market.

In 1852, Charles Polhemus was married to Miss
ilatilda Murphy, a native of New York, who is now-
deceased; and three children blessed their union.
One died in infancy; a daughter, Mary Josephine,
now residing in Italy; while the other child was the
subject of this review. Charles Polhemus was a
member of Lodge No. 14, F. & A. M., of Mt. Holly,
N. J., founded, in part, by his father, Montgomery
Polhemus, a merchant and a landowner in New Jer-
sey, and the son of Major John Polhemus, a soldier
in the Revolutionary Army. The mention of his
name and status recalls one of tbe prized heirlooms
of the Polhemus family, a steel-engraving of the
Major, a fine looking old gentleman, in the dress of
the time. It bears the following inscription;
J. POLHEMUS
Major John Polhemus, U. S. A., Commis-
sioned as a Captain by order of Congress,
Nov. 22, 1775; Promoted to a Majority at
Valley Forge. The "Jersey Bleu." organized
by his father-in-law, John Hart (a si.gner
of the Declaration of Independence), found
a patriotic commander in him.
Born May 25, A. D, 17,58. Died on the 94th
anniversary of that day.
George Bissell Polhemus received his early educa-
tion in San Francisco under the Rev. George Bur-
rows, who took twelve students to prepare for a col-
lege course at Cambridge; but after devoting some
years in the pursuit of that ambition, Mr. Polhemus

366

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

decided to give up lii.s college course, in which he
had, as far as he went, laid the foundation, broad
and deep, of an education whicli time and experience
brought to a ripe fruition. In 1887, Mr. Polhemus
was married to Miss Jennie R\-der, the daughter of
George W. Ryder, of the Santa Clara Valley, a
gifted lady Avho shared his popularity. One son,
Charles Polhemus, sprang from this fortunate mat-
ing, and bids fair to perpetuate the renown of the
family name.

WILLIAM SUTHERLAND.— One of the most
Axidel}' known, most successful and popular pioneers
who ever lived in Santa Clara County was William
Sutherland, who established his home on an eighty-
acre ranch on the Sarato.ga and Alviso road, now
known as Sutherland Avenue. A small portion of
the ranch was devoted to family orchard, but the
production of hay and grain and the raising of stock
were the most prohtable. Two fine artesian wells
furnished an abundance of water for irrigation and
for the large number of cattle, one being 300 feet
deep and the other 425 feet in depth.

William Sutherland was born m Durham County,
England, in 1821. His father, James Sutherland, was
a native of Scotland, and his mother, Jane (Richard-
son) Sutherland, was born in England. The father
was a gardener by occupation, but William was put
to work in the coal mines when but ten years of
age. Opportunities for an education were extremely
limited, and the success he accomplished was due
entirely to his aliility, energy and perseverance in
the face of discouragement and limited means.

In 1845 Mr. Sutherland was united in marria,ge
with Miss Ann Dawson, born in England in 1825,
the dau,ghter of Robert Dawson. Five years after
his marriage, he cairie to the United States, hoping
to better his fortunes in this land of promise. Land-
ing at New Orleans, he proceeded at once up the
Mississippi to St. Louis. He spent several months
in the coal mines of Missouri and Illinois and during
the year of 1851 be came across the plains to Cali-
fornia. He was first engaged in the mines in Placer
County, but the ne.xt year concluded to try a new
venture, that of agriculture. His wife and two chil-
dren then joined him, coming from England via
Panama, but the oldest child, a girl, died soon after
their arrival. He located in Sacramento Count}' and
purchased a farm and conducted it until 1855, and
then settling upon the Kings River engaged in stock
raising very profitably for thirteen j-cars. In 1868
he removed to Santa Clara Count}- and iJurchased
the property known all over the county as the
Sutherland Homestead. Returning to luigland in
1870 for a visit, he came back to the Golden State,
well content to spend his remaining years in the
beautiful and productive vSanta Clara Valley. He
was an active and generous member of the vSouthern
Methodist Church and his exemplary life won for
him the respect and esteem of all wdio knew him.
He was a stanch Democrat, but was liberal in his
views. His influence for good was far reaching and
his industry and integrity were potent factors in his
success and the younger generation would do well to
emulate the example of his well-spent life. Mr. anrl
Mrs. Sutherland were the parents of ten children,
but only three grew up, two of whom are now-
living: James, deceased, whose sketch ;ippears in

this work; Elizabeth, the wife of Elbert C. Apperson
of Sunol, and Mrs. Clara Buckner of Exeter. Mr.
Sutherland died at his hotne in San Jose in 1903,
while his wife survived him until June 17, 1911.

HENRY A. PFISTER.— If one were to tell the
stor}' of Santa Clara County from 1847 to the present
day in the biographies of her distinguished sons —
men, in every sense virile, citizens, in every sense
.American — such a one would find inextricably woven
with that history the name of the Pfisters. And
to recount the advance of this community; to re-
view the progress achieved, and to leave that name
out, were to utter an apostrophe without an inflec-
tion of the voice; were to paint a picture without
dipping the brush in the radiant tones of the artist's
shades. While we have here essayed to write con-
cerning the county clerk of this county, Henry A.
Pfister, still it must be known that no such biography
of however brief a compass would be complete
without a word snatched from the past — some short
word, written in retrospect, regarding those who
have gone before.

Mr. Pfister's father, Adolph Pfister, was born in
Strasburg, Alsace, in 1821; and, after acquiring his
education in the land of his birth, traveled exten-
sively all over Europe, coming to New York in 1844.
In 1847 he joined Stevenson's Regiment and circling
Cape Horn came to California tinged with the ro-
mance of that early and gallant expedition, land-
ing first at Monterey and coming later to San Jose.

After a short visit to the mines of Eldorado
County, wdiere he \\'as amply rewarded in his pur-
suits, he returned to San Jose, and at once enlisted
himself actively in the business and civic affairs of
this city. He located first, on Santa Clara Street,
near where the same is crossed by the Guadalupe
River and there engaged in making saddle-trees.
Later he erected the Washington Hotel, at the cor-
ner of Santa Clara and San Pedro streets — the first
hotel to be Ijuilt in San Jose.

This hostelry and landmark he later sold; then
established himself in the general merchandise busi-
ness at the corner of Market and Eldorado, now
I'ost Street. Selling this, he then moved to a site
at the corner of First and Santa Clara streets, where
the Bank of Italy now stands, and there continued
in the mercantile business. Upon selling this to the
Farmer's Union he occupied himself in the grain
business, owning at one titne four flour mills in
this county. Besides these many enterprises in
wdiich he was engaged he was also for many years
the vice-president of the Bank of San Jose. Safely
can it be said tha-t but few men have reached the
civic heights of Mr. Pfister, for he was twice elect-
ed mayor of San Jose, and it was he who founded
San Jose's first Free Library — having donated his
salary as mayor to that philanthropic end; and was
honored with the presidency of the Library Board
for many years.

In 1850, Mr, Pfister married Miss Louisa Glein and
to tliis marriage were born Henry A. Pfister, the
present county clerk of Santa Clara County, his two
brothers and three sisters, all of whom have made
their mark in the world.

Henry Adolph Pfister was born in San Jose on
January 26, 1859, and received the first rudiments
of his education at the Gates Institute which stood
on the east side of First Street, between St. James
and Julian streets, but later matriculated at the Santa

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cn^a-n. Aj^L:tyhjiyr~E^c^^^^^cL

HISTORY OF SANTA Ci:,ARA COUNTY

371

Clara College, from which institution he was grad-
uated with honors, in 1874. With an uncle, C. E.
HotTman, he then went to Nevada, Utah, Arizona,
and still later to Mexico, engaging in mining in these
various places. He then returned to San Jose and
soon opened and conducted a store at the Guada-
lupe Quicksilver Mines, at Guadalupe, in Santa Clara
County. After the closing of the mines he opened
a large store in Santa Clara, in which business he
was still engaged when on November 8, 1894, the
voters of Santa Clara County bestowed on him the
office of county clerk. For almost thirty years Mr.
Pfister has occupied this position in the public serv-
ice, and has acquitted himself at all times in a man-
ner indicative of that type of public official that
is fast becoming extinct, but the memory of which
shall ever remain as the inspiration and exemplar of
coming generations.

He entered the political field as an Independent,
with by no means weaklings offering the opposition,
but his victory was assured from the very begin-
ning; and his many times since happy returns to of-
fice, and at times over apparently invulnerable op-
ponents, bespeak in glowing tones the admiration,
confidence and trust with which the citizens of this
county view him, his political career and his suc-
cess as a public official. This repeated approval of
his constituents has made him the longest incum-
bent in the chair of county clerk in the State of Cali-
fornia, and one of the most respected in the state.
This latter fact being shown by his being for the
past twelve years, by unanimous voice, president of
the County Clerks' Association of California. Fra-
ternally, Mr. Pfister, is a Knights Templar Mason,
and belongs to the Native Sons of the Golden West.

On June 28, 1880, Mr. Pfister married Miss Maria
N. La MoUe, a member of an old, well-known and
respected family of this community; a charming and
accomplished lady whose untimely death on October.
3, 1920, left a wide circle of friends to mourn the
passing of one, who, but to be known was to be
loved. A daughter, Emily, who has since become
Mrs. Thomas M. Landrum, the wife of a member
of the C. C. Morse Co.; and another daughter, Marie,
now the wife of Clarence M. Lynn of San Jose, and
four grandchildren give hope of the perpetuation of
this interesting family tree.

Henry A. Pfister is the possessor of an attractive
personality that renders his individuality magnetic,
pleasing and compelling. He is blessed with an
acute mind; is quick of mental grasp and perspica-
cious, which give to him an analytic insight into
things that would ordinarily baffle other men; and
by reason of his long experience in public life he
is able to apply broad and liberal principles which
always find a happy solution to problems however
perplexing and exacting. He is endowed with a native
force of character, strong but kind; and is fully cog-
nizant that nobility obliges and that unselfish zeal
and sacrifice have their own rewards. While pro-
foundly clinging to the ideals and traditions of the
past, he is not, however, blind to the innovations of
today, all of which leave him clean and kind of heart.
His lifetime of labor in public office gives his dis-
tinguished usefulness an eminence that compels the
admiration of all classes of society; and no one is
more sensitive to, or better able to discern, the pub-
lic pulse and heartbeats, or more apt in the apprecia-
tion of public needs or better fit to meet emergencies.

There has been no phase of governmental develop-
ment in which Mr. Pfister has not shared, keenly
sensing, as he does, the responsibility of one in of-
fice; and is therefore, found always working for higher
civic standards and a healthier, stronger patriotism.
This is shown, if in no other way, in his many and
consecutive conscientious and efficient administrations
where in his public and official capacity he ever
retains the trust and confidence of his fellow-citi-
zens, who repeatedly acclaim their approval of his
honesty, integrity and faithfulness to duty by his
many re-elections. His years of service have rich-
ly mellowed him into the kind protector of the
young; the willing helper of the aged; and the wise
counselor of all. Easy to approach, easy of ac-
cess, he is always found willing to lend a hand;
always ever ready to perform a goodly deed. The
name of Henry A. Pfister will long be cherished
and long will his accomplishments and achievements
be retold, chiseled as they are on the annals of time,
but mere words are vain and futile, for his praise
stands out in the bold relief of service and deeds —
truly is he the eminent son of a noble father — a scion
worthy to perpetuate the heritage of the past.

GEORGE HAMILTON, SR.— One of Santa Clara
County's worthy pioneers, who is a native son in all
but birth, having resided here for nearly seventy
years, is George Hamilton, Sr., who is now living in
comfortable retirement on his ranch on Dunne Road,
near Morgan Hill. Mr. Hamilton was born at Well-
ington, ^Missouri, on June 4, 1848, and was the young-
est child of George and Jane (Stovall) Hamilton,
both deceased. The father, a native of Tennessee, had
crossed the plains in 1848 and returned to Missouri
in 1852, while the mother was of Scotch ancestry.
In 1854, when the subject of this sketch was only six
years old, his parents with other neighbors made up
a partjr and crossed the plains with ox teams and
settled in Santa Clara County, California, where they
were engaged in ranching, and here George Hamilton
attended school and helped his father with the hard
work on the ranch, so that at the age of twenty he
was well fitted to start out for himself in this field.

In 1870 Mr. Hamilton was married to Miss Hattie
Dominey, who was born in Eldorado County, Califor-
nia, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dominey,
and they became the parents of seven children:
George, Jr., a well borer, resides at Morgan Hill
with his wife and three children; Clara resides at the
home place; Charles is a contractor of San Jose,
where he resides with his wife and one child; Grace
passed away, survived by her husband, Thos. W.
Cater, and two children and they live at Berkeley;
Chester is married and the father of four children
and makes his home at San Jose; Mrs. Eva Anderson
of Fresno is the mother of one child, and Hattie is
Mrs. Kenworthy of Morgan Hill, and mother of one
child. Mrs. Hamilton died January 8, 1917.

In 1893 Mr. Hamilton acquired a tract of fifteen and
a half acres in the C. Dunne subdivision east of Mor-
gan Hill, and here he has developed a beautiful
ranch home. The place is devoted to the raising of
French prunes, and he has made a splendid success
with his orchard. W^hile always devoted to his home
and its interests, Mr. Hamilton is public spirited and
loyal to the interests of his community, serving, for
four years as deputy tax collector of the Morgan Hill
district. He has alwavs been a stanch Democrat.

372

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

THADDEUS WARSAW SPRING.— A promi-
nent pioneer and business man whose generous public
spirit had much to do with the upbuilding of San Jose,
Thaddeus Warsaw Spring, was born in Buffalo,
N. Y., on June 17, 1829, and died in San Jose on
August 13, 1890. He was a thorough gentleman, a
successful business man, and lived a life worthy of
emulation. He was the son of Andrew Jackson
Spring, a native of New England, and a descendant
of English ancestors. The father moved to New
Orleans, La., when his son Thaddeus \V. was three
months old and there died when the latter was still
a small child. His home continued to be the Creole
City until he was seventeen years old, becoming an
auctioneer at the youthful age of fifteen years. Not
satisfied, however, with his prospects in Louisiana,
he ran away, and in Baltimore entered the LI. S.
service, enlisting in General Magruder's Battery and
came to California with him in 1852, making the
trip around the Horn on the ship Monterey, a voyage
which occupied five months. Landing in San Diego,
Cal., he continued in the service under General
Magruder for some time until he received his honor-
able discharge. Accompanied by liis mother, who
had followed him across the Isthmus, he came north
to San Francisco. He went to the mines for a brief
time, when meeting with only slight success, he
soon quit mining and returned to San I'rancisco,
where he engaged as assistant to his stepfather,
Jasper Smith, who was then engaged in the auction
business. After making a cruise to the Sandwich
Islands and returning to California, he located in San
Jose in 1862, and engaged in the auction business
with Nicholas Hayes, wdio aside from being an auc-
tioneer, was also the owner and proprietor of a
large general merchandise store located on the corner
of First Street and Fountain Alley in San Jose and
during Mr. Hayes' absence abroad, Mr. Spring was
placed in charge as general manager. Having care-
fully saved his earnings, in 1865 he started in the
mercantile business for himself and put in a fine
stock of dry goods and clothing on Santa Clara
Street at the location now known as the Smout
Building. In 1869 the building at the corner of
Market and Santa Clara streets, which is now occu-
pied by Spring's, Inc., was built for him and there
he built up a remunerative trade, and continued in
business until the time of his death, being then si.xty-
one vears of age.

Mr. Spring was assuredly one of the foremost
citizens of San Jose. I'raternally he was a Knights
Templar Mason, serving as treasurer, and was one
of the two senior members of San Jose Commanderv
No. 10. Personally he was self-made and self-reliant,
and his generosity to those less fortunately situated
was well known to many whose lives he had bright-
ened by his benefactions. All enterprises that tended
to the upbuilding of his home city and count\- had
his hearty support. He was an active member of
the Pioneer Society of Santa Clara Countx-. His
portrait herewith published will serve to recall his
sturdy figure, which was a very familiar one on the
streets of San Jose, for which he did so much to
upbuild, and whose good name and fame he was
ever ready to champion and uphold. He had ad-
mitted his son to the Imsiness some time before his
death, the firm name then being T. W. Spring K-

Son. Later his son-in-law, Fred W. Moore, became
associated in the management of the enterprise.
Since his death the business has been incorporated
under the name of Spring's, Inc., and this firm con-
tinues in the lead and holds thousands of loyal cus-
tomers throughout the valley, a fine testimonial to
the worth of this pioneer business house.

In 1862 at San Jose, Mr. Spring was united in
marriage to Miss Emelie Houghton, who was born
at Farmington, Iowa, a daughter of Amory J , a
native of Massachusetts, and Jemima (Gruell)
Floughton, who was born in Indiana. She crossed
the plains with her parents in 1859, starting from
Farmington, Iowa, and settling in Santa Clara
County. She continued to live in San Jose until
she passed away, the mother of two children: Mar-
cella is the widow- of the late Frederick W. Moore,
who came from one of the earliest of California
pioneer families. His parents left their home in
Tennessee in 1846, crossed the plains the same year
and arrived in California in 1847, settling in what is
now Santa Cruz County. Mrs. Moore has four
children: Mrs. Douglas H. Sim of San Jose, Mrs.
Martin Luther, Jr., of Hollister, Mrs. William N.
Donaldson of Los Angeles, and Frederick H. Moore
of San Jose, who enlisted and served in the U. S.
Marines during the late war. Mrs. Moore stands
\'ery highly in San Jose's social and business circles.
The second child of Thaddeus W. Spring is Henry
Spring, hereinbefore referred to. He married Miss
Olive Haptonstall, who comes from a pioneer family
in Oregon, and they have one child, Jackson. The
Springs continue to represent, as they always have,
the substantial business element of San Jose. While
first and last attending to business, yet their love
for San Jose grows with years and they seek and
find great delight in the advancement of their
community.

EUGENE T. SAWYER.— California has been
especially fortunate in her men and women of literary
talent, some of whom are native sons and daughters,
and many of wdiom have come from other parts of
the great Union, bringing with them talent which was
to be developed in the Golden State; among whom
vill always be rememljered, in both widespread es-
teem and afifection, Eugene T. Sawyer, whose "Nick
Carter" stories gave a pleasureable thrill to thousands
of fiction readers, and whose latest work is the His-
tory of Santa Clara County in this volume. Pages
of exceptional interest might be written about this
successful author; but it is doubtful if, after all, any-
one can tell the story of his many-sided life half so
\vell as himself.

"I was born in Bangor, Maine," he says, "Novem-
ber 11, 1846. On the 11th of November, 1918, the
great European War came to an end, so it will be
seen that when the world celebrates the event, it also
celebrates my birthday. Thus quite a load is taken
from my shoulders, for instead of financing the event,
I hold my horses, and permit Europe and Ainerica to
do the honors and pa\' the bills. As a youngster, I
evinced a strong liking for hunting, fishing and
theater-going. The liking stays with me, though I
seldom indulge it, for game is scarce, the auto-fiends
have skinned the streams, and the good actors are all
dead. I am also greatly interested in politics and
national affairs. Acquired the taste in the late '50s
and early '60s, when I was so fortunate as to be a
listener to the oratory of Stephen A. Douglas, Wil-

(2y^/rj)c.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

375

liam H. Seward, James G. i;i;iiiic, Hannibal Hamlin,
Bob IngersoU, Henrv Edgciton, Henry Winter Davis,
Wendell Phillips, Tom Fitch, Henry Ward Beecher,
Marshall of Kentucky, and Rhett of Arkansas.

"At the age of twelve, I embarked in the show bus-
iness by acting as promoter and manager of liarn en-
tertainments to which the price of admission was one
copper cent or its equivalent in pins, nails, old iron
and old newspapers. The proceeds of an entertain-
ment went, as a rule, to buy a cocoanut, a lobster, a
bag of candy or a seat in the pit of a theater. As 1
grew older my mind turned to newspaper work and
at fourteen I became a morning newspaper carrier.
Once I had the extreme honor (so I thought at the
time) of selling a paper to Charles F. Browne (Arte-
mus Ward) who had lectured in Bangor the night
before. In 1864 I came to California, via the Isthmus
of Panama. Stayed in San F^rancisco a short time,
then traveled to San Jose. For a year I attended the
San Jose Institute, as a supplement to a high school
education, my classical work being done under the
supervision of D. M. Delmas, now a resident of Los
Angeles.

"Since that time I have been a miner (in Nevada),
druggist and book-keeper in San Francisco, rancher
and newspaper publisher in San Benito County and
newspaper man in San Jose. This work in San Jose
was sometimes varied by incursions into the field of
sensational story writing. In the Nick Carter and
Log Cabin series my heroes were always fearless
and manly, my heroines brave and beautiful, and vir-
tue always triumphed. As an exploiter of the alleged
adventures of Buffalo Bill, my imaginative hands be-
came steeped in gore and I might be writing of the
dead scout yet were it not for the sorrowful fact that
my material gave out, as I had made Bill kill or
cause to be killed every Indian in the far West.

"For thirty-five years I did newspaper work in San
Jose, starting as reporter and winding up as man-
aging editor. I have written plays, acted in them
and in other fellows' plays, and might have adopted
the stage as a profession if my hard, common sense
had not told me that I would never mount to the
height where stars shine. But I have had a sort of
compensation in the knowledge that I have helped to
shape the careers of those ornaments to the Ameri-
can stage — Eleanor Calhoun (Princess Lazarovich),
John T. Malone, Samuel W. Piercey, John W. Dunne
and Frank Bacon; and that I have guided my friends,
Hugh A. De Lacy, A. P. Murgotten and Louis Lieber,
into experiences that have furnished stories, mosth-
amusing, they will never be wearj' of telling.

"I have published one book, 'The Life of Tiburcio
Vasquez." It saw the light in 1875, shortly after the
execution, in San Jose, of the notorious bandit and
murderer. I was the correspondent of the San Fran-
cisco Chronicle immediately after the raid on Tres
Pinos which resulted in the killing of three men; and
I had gathered material from interviews with old ac-
quaintances of the bandit in Monterey and San Be-
nito counties and from frequent talks with Vasquez
himself.

"I have held but one public office — member of the
board of education, 1877-79. It is only fair to say, in
this connection, that I have often aspired to the Pres-
idency of this mighty and badly governed nation. I
am aspiring yet, for I would like to be in a position
to lower the high cost of living and give a poor man
opportunity to eat bacon without having to place a
plaster on his home to obtain the wherewithal for
the purchase."

Mr. Sawyer was married on September 27, 1871,
to Belle Moody, daughter of Charles Moody, whose
father, R. (). Moody, was the pioneer mill man of
San Jose. The mill was first erected in 1854 on the
b.mk of Coyote Cr(?ek at about the spot where Ivni-
pire Street strikes the stream. The business was
transferred to Third Street, northeast corner of Santa
Clara Street, in 1858, and R. C. Moody's sons,
Charles, \'olney and David, conducted the mill until
it was sold to the Sperry Milling Company. After a
feu' years \'olney Moody retired to become an Oak-
land banker. Mrs. Sawyer, wlio died on January 28,
1921, spent her childhood days in tlie old family
home on the northeast corner of Second and Santa
Clara Streets, the site of the present five-story Porter
building. She received her early education in the
public schools of San Jose, following which she en-
tered the San Jose Institute, conducted Ijy Freeman
Gates. After her marriage she found both pleasure
and profit in the art of painting, in which she was
unusually gifted. She was also of great assistance to
her husband in his literary work. She was the mother
of two children, Elva B., now a teacher in the Cirant
School, San Jose, and Louis E., a fruit grower in
San Benito County. Lovable, sympathetic and un-
selfish, the memory of her life and character will al-
ways be cherished with pride and affection by her
surviving husband and by her relatives and friends.

MRS. MARGARET WHITE.— A member of one
of California's pioneer families, Mrs. Margaret White
can look back over an interesting period in the devel-
opment of the Santa Clara Valley, for it has been
her privilege to take part in as well as witness the
wonderful growth that has taken place here in the
past decades. She was born in Quebec, Canada, the
daughter of the late Thomas and Johanna (O'Toole)
Cullen, both natives of County Wexford, Ireland,
\\-ho \vere early settlers of that part of Canada.

Twelve children were born to these worthy par-
ents: Edward, deceased, is survived by one child,
Mrs. Daley, who resides in Sacramento; John, de-
ceased, is survived by his widow and six children,
living near Gilroy; Michael and Patrick are deceased;
Mary A., Mrs. Thomas Fitzgerald, has five children;
Thomas is single; James, deceased; Kate C, de-
ceased, is survived by her husband, Edward Doyle;
Frank P. has three children and resides in San Jose;
Mrs. Margaret White is the subject of this sketch;
Lawrence lives at Gilroy; William has five children
and resides at Gilroy. The three eldest brothers of
the family preceded the rest of the family here, who
arrived in California in 1868 and settled in the vicin-
ity of Gilroy. Both parents lived to be nearly ninety,
the father passing away on November 22, 1895; Mrs.
Cullen surviving him until October 11, 1904.

Margaret Cullen spent her girlhood days at the
family home near Gilroy and on April 2L 1879, she
was married to William Fitzgerald, who was born in
Frampton Township, Canada, April 14, 1845, and in
1853 came with his parents to Gilroy Township,
Santa Clara County, Cal., where he was reared on a
farm, later engaging in the livery business at Gil-
roy with his brother, Patrick Fitzgerald. Mr. Fitz-
gerald passed away in February, 1882, survived by
his widow and two children, Mary and Winifred
Fitzgerald, now living with their mother. Mrs. Fitz-
gerald's second marriage united her with John J.
White, the son of Thomas and Mary A. White, and

376

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

one son was born to them, Edward A., who was
a member of the Students' Army Training Corps
during the World War and is attending Santa Clara
University, but now employed in San Francisco. Mr.
White died in Gilroy, August 26, 1910. Mrs. White
is an active member of the Civic Club and the Cath-
olic Ladies' Aid of Gilroy. A woman of many inter-
ests, she is the owner of a fine ranch at Hollister in
addition to the home place on Second Street, where
she still makes her home.

JOHN C. MENKER— After a long, active and
useful career John C. Menker is now living retired
in San Jose at the age of seventy-four years, his
capable management of his business affairs having
brought him a substantial competence which now
enables him to spend his days in ease and com-
fort. He w-as born in Mecklenburg, Germany, De-
cember 30, 1847, and he was left an orphan at the
tender age of five years; his father died on the
ocean while en route to the United States and soon
afterward the mother brought the family of four
children to Buffalo, N. Y., but soon fell a vic-
tim to that dread disease — cholera.

The second in a family of four children, two sons
and two daughters, three of whom grew up, John
C. Menker, in his youth lived on a farm working
his own way and acquired his education in the dis-
trict schools, which he attended for but three months
in the year, as he was obliged to spend the re-
maining months in providing for a livelihood. He
had first been bound to a family in Buffalo, N. Y..
but was treated so badly he ran away and ob-
tained a place on a place in the country. Later he
was able to pursue a course in Bryant & Stratton's
business college of that city where he graduated in
1869, following wdiich he went to Chicago, 111., se-
curing a position as shipping clerk with a large
wholesale confectionery house, whose products were
sent to the largest cities in the south as well as
throughout the west as far as San Francisco, Cal.
He was in Chicago during the great fire of 1871 and
immediately afterward returned to New York, work-
ing on a farm in Cattaraugus County for a year. In
the fall of 1872 he came to California and for five
years was employed on a dairy near the old mis-
sion at Carmel, Monterey County, returning to Buf-
falo in 1878. There he entered the confectionery
business as a member of the firm of Menker &
Barnes, catering to the wholesale and retail trade,
but at the end of five years disposed of his in-
terest to his partner and in association with his
brother, Henry A. Menker, established a similar en-
terprise in the city of Buffalo, N. Y., as H. A. &
J. C. Menker. Three years afterward failing health
obliged him to seek a milder climate, and selling
his interest to his brother, he returned to Califor-
nia, bringing with him his wife and children. Lo-
cating near Berryessa, Santa Clara County, he pur-
chased a twenty-five acre ranch, on a portion of
which was a prune, apricot and peach orchard, but
at the end of a year sold that place and bought a
ranch of twenty-five acres near Watsonville. This
he operated for nine years, engaging in raising ber-
ries. He also purchased ten acres in the city of
Watsonville, which he finally subdivided into city
lots, a street being named in his honor.

At this time, at the request of his brother Henry,
who had become president of a bank at Buffalo,

Mr. Menker returned to the east to assist in con-
ducting his brother's confectionery business, which
he successfully managed for five years. He then
made his way back to San Jose and bought a
thirty-three acre ranch near Agnew which he oper-
ated for some years until it was disposed of. With
a partner he bought twenty-five acres on the Ste-
vens Creek Road, which they subdivided into 150
city lots and placed them on the market. In the
early part of 1921 the last of these lots was sold and
the tract has now become a fine residential section,
adorned with attractive homes, one of the avenues
bearing the name of Menker. Some years ago Mr.
Menker bought eighty acres of land near Cypress,
Orange County, in the southern part of the state,
and is still the owner of forty acres thereof. His
land is well irrigated, being provided with a 600 foot,
twelve-inch well and a Dixon pump, and is one of
the valuable and highly improved ranches in that
part of California. Mr. Menker is a stockholder and
director in the Anderson-Barngrover Manufacturing
Companj' of San Jose, manufacturers of machin-
ery, making a specialty of building cannery machin-
ery. This company also developed a S12-acre wal-
nut ranch located near Stockton.

In Buffalo, N. Y., on April 21, 1881, Mr. Menker
married Miss Jennie Mitchell, who was born in
England and was left an orphan during her child-
hood. She acquired her education in the schools
of Buffalo and to their union three children have
been born; Raymond C, who is a minister of the
Methodist Church and is now residing in Plumas
County, having charge of three pastorates; Earl L.,
who is private secretary to Mr. Edwards of the
Southern Pacific Railroad; and Edith M., the wife
of Charles P. Smith, the latter being a teacher in
the San Jose high school. Mr. Menker was be-
reaved of his faithful wife February, 1917, a devoted
Christian woman and a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church.

In his political views Mr. Menker is a Republican
and he has been a worker in behalf of the Prohibition
cause. He is a faithful and earnest member of the
Centella Methodist Church, San Jose, in the work of
which he takes an active and helpful interest, serving
as one of its stewards and trustees. A self-made
man, he has never selfishly centered his activities
upon his own interests, but has steadily progressed
in general usefulness as well as individual success.

PEDRO A. BERNAL.— A native son of Santa
Clara County and a worthy representative of one
of the prominent Spanish families of California,
Pedro A. Bernal first saw the light on the Santa
Teresa Rancho on October 19, 1868. He is a son
of Ygnacio and Jesusita (Patron) Bernal, the former
one of the best known and highly esteemed men of
the county, and whose sketch will be found on an-
other page of this history.

Pedro A. Bernal attended the Oak Grove public
school and topped off his studies at the University
of Santa Clara in 1886-7-8, from which college his
father was a gold medal student, and took a business
course at the Garden City College and graduated
from the normal penmanship department of this
college. After leaving college Pedro came back to
the home ranch and worked for a time, then secured
a position in Mexico with the firm of Losoya &
Sons, chemists, mine owners and operators and large
landowners, and the three years he spent there en-

=:ng'3'by ■^^—■.z~Di■^ n^mhev's for M'lsiDi-ic Kc

Jlzri^rty-. a. l^y^e^^^M^^

HISTORY OF SANT:\ CI.ARA COUNTY

379

larged his vision and cxperit-nce a yrcat deal. Re-
turning to California he then went to work for the
P. G. & H. Company as storekeeper in San Jose and
remained with the eoneern until 1904, which year he
started on a trip that occupied his time for over one
year and took him to the important centers of
Europe and throughout South America, where he
visited an uncle in the Argentine. The money he
spent on his journey he had saved from his earnings
the previous years, and he thereby secured a post-
graduate course by practical experience that has
enabled him to hold his place with the leading men
of the state in business and finance and in developing
the resources of the county.

Before going on his extended travels Mr. Bernal
had seen a deposit of some kind of mineral wealth
on the home ranch, but did not know what value it
had; when in England he found some of the same
formation and secured sartiples of it; also of some
from South America. He had them analyzed after
he reached home, and also some of the local product,
and found the latter on a par with the foreign mat-
ter. He had investigated the uses to which the fin-
ished product was put and knew there was an un-
limited field for this special kind of fertilizer in the
United States, and in consequence he decided he
would develop the field from the Santa Teresa
Rancho supply. He sent to St. Louis for a twenty-
ton mill, and this he set up with his own hands and
began grinding out the fertilizer that now is so widely
known as the Bernal-Marl Fertilizer. For seven
years he worked to introduce to the ranchers of this
county and the San Joaquin Valley the great value
of the fertilizer to the soil, and then he had fully
convinced himself that the supply was inexhaust-
ible and concluded to interest capital to expand the
manufacture and distribution of the product. This
prehistoric deposit of lime shell marl is only found
in paying quantities worthy of development in three
sections of the globe — in England, in South America,
and on the Santa Teresa Rancho in Santa Clara
County, Cal. From the twenty-ton mill he first
erected — and, by the way, this is still doing duty in
refining the marl — there is now installed at great ex-
pense, an equipment with a 1,000-ton capacity per
day of eight hours. The Bernal-Marl Fertilizer
Company is incorporated under the laws of Cali-
fornia with A. J. Ginoux, of Oakland, as president,
and F. Gay, secretary. Mr. Bernal is one of the
salesmen and demonstrators of the company, and
for every ton of marl shipped from the ranch, Mrs.
Ygnacio Bernal receives a royalty. The company
own three trucks of seven-ton capacity, and hire
others, to distribute the Bernal marl to their custom-
ers within a radius of forty miles from the plant;
also have a station on the Southern Pacific Railway
called Bernal-Marl, and a shipping point at Coyote
and one at Edenvale, where cars are loaded for points
in various parts of California. They also have water-
shipping facilities. As yet they have been unable to
supply the demand in this state. There is an un-
limited supply covering over 100 acres and the de-
velopment company have a lease of twenty years and
a contract for all minerals that may be found under
the surface of the earth where they are working.
Full credit is accorded Pedro A. Bernal for his per-
sistency of purpose and his stick-to-it-iveness in thus
developing one of the mineral products of this earth
that has proven such an aid in replenishing the soil

and thereby bringing greater profits to the producer.
Mr. Bernal, who is still manager of his mother's
interests, is a very experienced orchardist and rancher
and is making the Bernal Ranch pay splendid divi-
dends. He is independent in his politics, supporting
the best men for public office, and is a member of the
Catholic Church. To all enterprises for the advance-
ment of the business, educational and social prob-
lems in the county, Mr. Bernal is always found
ready to do his duty, and his public spirit is well
kno\vn to all with whom he has come in contact.

THEOPHILUS KIRK.— Conspicuous among the
extensive and successful fruit growers of Santa Clara
County, Theophilus Kirk was both prominent and
influential, and his demise was regretted by his neigh-
bors and a host of friends. He was owner of one of
the finest orchards and one of the most attractive
home estates to be found in the valley. A man of
keen intelligence and superior business attainments,
he was actively identified with the agricultural and
horticultural developments and interests of Santa
Clara County since the early '50s. He was born in
Jefferson County, Ohio, a son of Theophilus and
Elizabeth (Lowe) Kirk, and in that state his father
died, his mother passing away at the Kirk home
place on Hicks Avenue, Santa Clara County.

Theophilus Kirk was educated in the public schools
of Iowa and Illinois, whither his parents had moved.
In the early years of his life, he crossed the plains in
1853, bringing with him a drove of cattle and con-
suming about six months in the journey from the Mis-
souri River to the Coast. He and his brother, S.
Kirk, located in Santa Clara County, where they
purchased a large tract of land and began farm-
ing; but Mr, Kirk soon saw the future for the
successful growing of fruit and so was one of
the first to set out orchards, becoming one of the
pioneers in the dried fruit industry, which has made
this valley so famous. He was also one of the pio-
neers of irrigation in the county, and at his passing
he was the last of the six original owners of the
Kirk Ditch Company, organized in 1859 for irri-
gating purposes. Mr. Kirk made a practical study
of horticulture and found both pleasure and profit
from this interesting side of country life. All the
improvements he made were of a substantial and
modern nature and the methods he employed in the
culture of his orchards were those of the earnest and
interested student of science.

Mr. Kirk's marriage, at Stockton, united him with
Miss Elizabeth Chesnutwood, also a native of Jef-
ferson County, Ohio, who came to California with
her parents. Mr. and Mrs. Kirk were the parents
of two daughters — Ethel, now the wife of S. D. Far-
rington, and Edith L., the wife of J. P. Dorrance —
both residing on the Kirk estate. There are two
grandchildren, Theo Kirk Farrington and John Kirk
Dorrance. Politically Mr. Kirk was a firm supporter
of the principles of the Republican party, but was
never an aspirant for official honors. He was a de-
vout Methodist and was for many years an active
and official member of the First Methodist Episcopal
Church of San Jose. Liberal in the support of all
measures looking toward the prosperity and advance-
ment of his community, his conscientious and upright
life and business career won for him the honor and
esteem of his fellowmen, and his passing on June
30, 1915, deeply mourned by his family and friends,
was a distinct loss to the county.

380

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

HON. C. C. SPALDING.— Those forces which
have contributed most to the development, improve-
ment and benefit of CaHforaia have received nnpetus
from the labors of Hon. Charles Clifton Spalding,
financier, horticulturist and legislator, whose life re-
cord has been a credit and honor to the state which
lias honored him. He is distinctively a man of af-
fairs and one who wields a wide influence, while in
all that he undertakes he is actuated by high ideals
that seek the benefit both of his home locality and
of the state at large.

A native of Iowa, he was born at Horton, in
Bremer County, seven miles north of Waverly,
November 5, 1864, his parents being John F. and
Olive (Partridge) Spalding. They were natives of
New York, whence they removed to Iowa, and in
1900 they came to Sunnyvale, Cal., where the father
successfully followed agricultural pursuits until his
demise. The mother survives and is yet living m
Sunnyvale. The two surviving sisters and one
brother of Mr. Spalding are Mmnie L., the wife of
C. L. Stowell, of the Stowell Realty Company of
Sunnyvale; Myrtie L., who married O. F. Pier-
son, a well-known orchardist of Sunnyvale; and the
brother, C. W. Spalding, also of Sunnyvale.

Reared on his father's farm in Iowa, C. C. Spald-
ing attended the common schools of Bremer County.
When nineteen years of age he taught school for a
winter, then he clerked in a large store in Waverly,
Iowa, until he was twenty-one years of age, wdien
he liought out a general mercantile establishment at
Horton, Iowa. Five years later his brother, C. W.,
bought a half interest in the store, which they con-
ducted as Spalding Bros, for some time, v\-hen they
engaged in the wholesale grocery business at Al-
gona, lovi'a.

In 1900 Mr. Spalding came to Sunnyvale, arriving
here at an earh- period in its development, and he
has since laid out several additions to the towm.
He also helped to organize the city government, and
was elected its first treasurer, serving in that capa-
city ever since, and aiding materially m promoting
tile develoijment and upbuilding of the town, which
now has its own fire department and modern domes-
tic water system and a fine grammar school, while
a union rural higli school, patterned after the Chaffee
I'liion higli school, is soon to be erected near Sunny-
vale for pupils in the Cupertino, Sunnyvale and
Mountain View^ districts. Mr. Spalding, who is a mem-
ber of tile board of trustees, has done everything
in his power to raise the standard of the schools in
his community and the cause of education finds in
him a strong advocate.

He is deeply interested in the agricultural and hor-
ticultural development of the Santa Clara Valley
and in association with his brother, C. W. Spalding,
and F. D. Calkins purchased a 250 acre ranch at
Sunnyvale, which they have ijrought under a high
state of cultivation. It is given over to the growing
of peaches, apricots, prunes and cherries, all devel-
oped from stubble, and it has one of the largest
pumping plants in the county, having a capacity of
2100 gallons per minute. Mr. Spalding was one of
five who became the organizers of the California
Prune & Apricot Growers, Inc., and he was elected
a member of the board of trustees in 1921, receiving
the largest number of votes ever cast in favor of a

candidate from this district, which is a very import-
ant one, comprising Santa Clara, Contra Costa and
Alameda counties.

In financial circles, too, Mr. Spalding occupies a
foremost positon. He was the organizer of the
Bank of Sunnyvale, of which he was made cashier,
while W. E. Crossman became its first president, and
two years later he was succeeded in that office by
Mr. Spalding. They erected a substantial bank build-
ing and in 1919 the institution was sold to P. M.
Landsdale, of Palo Alto, who in the following year
disposed of his interests to the Bank of Italy, its
present owners, who are about to build a new brick
and reinforced concrete bank building at a cost of
$35,000. The Bank of Italy stands high among the
financial institutions in the state and Mr. Spalding has
been chosen as manager of its Sunnyvale branch.
He is well versed in the details of modern banking
and is promoting the success of the institution by
progressive, systematic work.

Mr. Spalding's marriage occurred in San Jose in
1911, uniting him with Miss Jessie A. Parkman, a
native daughter of San Jose and a graduate of the
State Normal. She \vas an educator, teaching in the
San Jose schools for ei.ghteen years and during a
portion of this period she was a member of the coun-
ty board of education. They are blessed with one
son, Charles C, Jr., now nine years of age.

I'or years a member of the Republican County
Central Committee, his fellow-citizens, recognizing
his worth and ability, have called Mr. Spalding to
other important public offices and in 1906 he was
elected a member of the thirty-seventh California
Legislature, serving for one term, taking an active
part in passing important legislation, one of his
measures being a bill to rebuild the State Hospital
at Agnew after tlie earthquake and fire, securing
an appropriation of $800,000. In November, 1920, he
was elected to represent his district in the forty-
fourth (.Tcneral Assembly, by the people of his dis-
trict. He is making a splendid political record,
characterized by marked devotion to duty and the
fearless defense of whatever he believes to be right,
looking ever beyond the exigencies of the moment to
the opportunities and possibilities of the future. He
is chairman of the committee on banks and banking
and is also a member of the committees on agri-
culture; hospitals and asylums; motor vehicles; nor-
mal schools; roads and highways; and state grounds
and parks. He was one of the organizers and is a
prominent member of file local Chamber of Com-
merce, of which he is chairman.

Mr. Spalding was made a Mason in Waverly
Lodge, A. F. & A. M., in Iowa, and deinitting, be-
came a member of Mountain View Lodge, No. 198,
F. & A. M., and is now a charter member and treas-
urer of SunnyvaU' Lodge, No: 511, F. & A. M. He
is also a Scottish Rite Mason of the 32nd degree, a
member of Islam Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of
San Francisco, and with Mrs. Spalding is ,i member
of Sunnyvale Chapter, O. V,. S., of which he is past
patron. He also is prominent in the Odd Fellows,
Elks, Knights of Pythias, Modern Woodmen of Amer-
ica, and the Mountain View Grange.

Pre-eminently public-spirited, his interest and co-
operation can always be aroused in behalf of any
project for the welfare of county or state. His ef-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

383

forts are of a most practical character, tlie sound
judgment of an acti\e Uusiness man being manifest
in all of his opinions concerning tlie best methods
of improving the city along lines of material and in-
tellectual progress and municipal growth. His acti-
vities have touched the general interests of society
to their betterment and Sunnyvale, Santa Clara
County and the state have benefited by his co-opera-
tion and initiative spirit in maii\- ways.

HENRY RENGSTORFF.— A man of many re-
sources and adaptability was the late Henry Reng-
stortT, who came to California in 1850. His contribu-
tion to agriculture and horticulture in the Santa Clara
Valley is hard to estimate, for he owned six valuable
and well-improved farms throughout the couiit\ .
When he arrived in California he had little in a
financial way, but his mind was well stored with the
practical and homely maxims of the German people,
and his youth had been spent in an atmosphere of
refinement. He \\as born September 29, 1829, near
Bremen, Province of Hanover, Germany, the son of
Fritz and Amelia (Hambruch) Rengstortf. His
father, Fritz Rengstorff, was an educator, and also
the owner of a tavern on a country road a few miles
from the seaport town of Bremen. His mother,
also born in Germany, preserved the longevity in
the family, attaining to the age of ninety-four years.
The father lived to be sixty-six years old and had,
besides Henry, one son, Fritz, and two daughters.
Henry Rengstorff was reared and educated in his
native province, and upon reaching twenty-one de-
termined to seek a newer country and there estab-
lish a home and fortune. The spring of 1850 found
him afloat on a sailer, bound for San Francisco via
Cape Horn. From San Francisco he came to Santa
Clara County and worked on farms in the neighbor-
hood of San Jose until 1853, when he purchased a
squatter's right to 290 acres on Silver Creek and en-
gaged in general farming and stockraising for three
years. His next squatter's right was of 290 acres,
and in 1864 he purchased his home place of 164
acres, on which his daughter, Mrs. W. F. Haag, now
lives, one and a half miles north of Mountain View.
This place was devoted to the raising of grain
and hay, as was also the farm of 227 acres near Mil-
pitas. A farm of 117 acres on the San Francisco
Road, near Los Altos, was planted entirely to fruit,
and the farm of 1,200 acres in San Mateo County
was devoted to general farming and stockraising. He
also owned a ranch upon which was built the Reng-
storff Landing, and a half interest in a ranch of 520
acres east of San Jose. For a number of years he
rented all of his farms and his son, Henry, assumed
the management of the Rengstorff Landing and the
warehouse.

The marriage of Mr. Rengstorff occurred in San
Jose about 1855, and united him with Miss Chris-
tine Hessler, a native of Germany, who lived to
share in his well deserved fortune. They were the
parents of seven children: Mary, who became the
wife of A. C- Martel, died and left two sons, Robert
and Alfred; John H. married in Seattle and removed
to Nome, Alaska, and there died; Elise is the wife
of William F. Haag; Helena, who became the wife
of Dr. O. P. Askam, died and left two children, Earl
L and O. Perry, who were overseas during the late
war- they are both professional musicians; Christine
F. became the wife of Robert McMillan and they

23

have one child, Daniel H., who was in the naval re-
serve during the late war; he later became a student
at the Law School of the University of California,
and in 1920 met death in an automobile accident in
San Francisco; Henry is a rancher of Mountain
View; and Charles W. passed away in infancy. Mr.
Rengstorff passed away in 1906 at the age of seven-
ty-seven, and his wife sur\-ivc(l him until 1919 and
reached the age of ninety-two. Mr. and Mrs. Reng-
storff were active in the affairs of the Presbyterian
Church of Mountain View and were liberal contribu-
tors. After his arrival in California he strove to es-
tablish a school system, and served as school direc-
tor for many years and erected the schoolhouse in
the Whisman district. With characteristic per-
severance and thrift he worked to realize his ambi-
tions, and he was highly esteemed throughout the
community for his many sterling qualities.

RODNEY ESCHENBURG.— Esteemed and be-
loved among the sturdy pioneers who have been
closeh' identified with the development of the won-
derful resources of Santa Clara County, the late
liodney Eschenburg, a citizen of eminence of Gilroy,
began his interesting association with that town in
1889, after which he was not onlj^ an eyewitness to
the growth of this section, but did all that he could
toward giving it prominence. A native of Delaware,
Rodney Eschenburg was born in Wilmington on
Washington's Birthday, 1831, one of eight children
of John and Eliza (Rodney) Eschenburg, his mother
being a grandniece of Caesar A. Rodney, one of the
signers of the Declaration of Independence. Her
father was appointed U. S. Minister to the Argentine
Republic, and he and his family took up their resi-
dence at Buenos Ayres, and in that beautiful South
American city she was married, and there, too, four
of her children were born. While she was on a
visit to her old home in Wilmington, the subject of
our story entered the family as the fifth child.

A native of the famous "free city" of Hamburg,
John Eschenburg left his homeland while a young
man and sought his fortune in far-away South Amer-
ica, and became a dealer in Peruvian bark, assem-
bling his cargoes and shipping the same to the Eu-
ropean markets. There he met !Miss Rodney, whom
he later married, and by whom he had eight children:
Emily, Ellen, John, Isabel, Rodney, Herman, Mari-
quita and Albertine. Mr. Eschenburg lost the fortune
he had amassed when the South American Revolu-
tion swept away lives and property; and in 1834 he
removed to Alexico, where he was very successful
as a merchant for many years, also serving as Prus-
sian consul at the City of Mexico. About 1859, he
came to the United States, and for ten years he fol-
lowed agricultural pursuits in Madison County, III,
about twenty miles from St. Louis.

In 1849, the gold fever drew three of his sons to
California, while the remainder of the family re-
turned to the old home in Delaware; and the next
year, John Eschenburg himself hurried to the Cali-
fornia gold-fields by way of the Isthmus. In 1851.
he returned to the East with part of the family; and
in 1856 the rest followed. For years, after he had
taken up his residence out here, John Eschenburg
worked as a bookkeeper for Castle Bros, in San Fran-
cisco, and after his son, Rodney, had acquired a
farm near Gilroy, he removed hither, in 1857, w-ith
his family. In 1863, Mr. Eschenburg became sec-

384

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

rctary of the San Marcial ^liniriR Company, and
once again he removed to Mexico, wdierc he worked
in his secretarial capacity nntil Avithin three days of
his death, wliicli occurred at San Marcial in 1865,
when he had attained to tlie ripe old a.ge of eighty-
four years, and until 1874 he was survived by his
widow, who died in San Francisco in her eighty-
second year.

Rodney Eschenburg in 1840 set out with his broth-
ers, Herman and John, to try to cross the great
continent to California, and with dependable, if slow,
mule-teams they accomplished the journey in 105
days. They put up the first cabin at /Xuburn, and
then plunged into mining. On December 16, 1850,
however, Herman passed away, not far from Nevada
City, and the other two brothers were left to con-
tinue their mining ventures, vcith which they had only
uncertain success, so that in 1858 they left the mines.
At Sacramento, Rodney got a job at unloading flour,
for which he was paid one dollar an hour, working
nearly twelve hours a day and handling 200-pound
=acks. He also worked on the first vessel ever sunk
in California waters, the Ladv Washington, later
raised and salvaged. About 185,i, he went into the
Santa Clara A^allcA- about five miles east of Gilroy,
and there bought a farm with some of the profits
from his mining investments, thus acquiring some
.i4,3 acres, which he so improved that in time he
had one of the finest dairy farms in that section.
On giving up mining, therefore, in '58, he naturally
turned to farming, and for three decades he contin-
ued dairying, becoming one of the leading dairy-
farmers of Santa Clara Valley, and a rancher who^c
progressive ideas influenced many in other parts of
the county. Retiring at last, he removed to Ojlroy;
and in Tune, 1921, he laid aside the cares and re-
sponsibilities of a Avorld which had grown decidedly
better for his having lived and toiled in it. This 34,5-
acre ranch is still known as the Eschenburg Dairy
and is owned by the family.

Mr. Eschenburg was married in Gilroy on Decem-
ber 12, 1863, to Atiss Maria Louise Thomas, one of
the attractive daughters of John B. and Fanny
(Smith) Thomas, v.dio had six children, brought up
in Delaware County, N. Y. Three years prior to
her weddin.g, Miss Thomas accompanied her sister,
Mrs. John A. Perkins, of Fresno, on the even then
somewhat difficult journc}- to California, comin.g out
merely for a visit; but having met Mr. Eschenburg,
who wooed and won her, she decided to stay and
to hell) make the Golden State still more .golden.
Two children were granted ilr. and Mrs. Eschen-
burg: Isabel Madeline became Mrs. Matthew Me-
Currie and nas made secretary of the Humane
Society of San Francisco; and they have two chil-
dren, Donald Rodney and Gordon. Herman R. Esch-
enburg married Miss Geor,gia Cobb, of Gilroy, and
died, in Au.gust, 1903, the father of one boy, Herman
Rodney Eschenburg, who .graduated from the Davis
Agricultural School in 1921, and is now making his
home in Gilroy. Rodney Eschenburg assisted as a
charter member in foundln.g the Presbyterian Church
at Gilroy in 1860, his wife also joining, and later he
became an elder in the church. He early joined the
Republican party, and throughout his life labored to
effect an elevation of all that pertained to politics.

WILLIAM C. OVERFELT.— On the pages of Cal-
ifornia's pioneer histor>' ajipears the name of William
C. Ovcrfelt, and although many years have elapsed
since Mr. Overfelt passed away, his memory is still
green in the hearts of his family and friends, and as
a pioneer of 1846 his name still lives in the annals
of the state. His was a life of toil, beginning early
in life, but he was fortunate in that he had estab-
lished himself upon an independent basis by the time
he arrived at middle age. Had his life been pro-
longed, no doubt he would have reaped a larger suc-
cess, for his resourceful mind and keen judgment
won the confidence of associates and were the fac-
tors in his .growing prosperity.

A native of Vir.ginia, he was born in 1827, and was
descended from German ancestry. At the early age
of five he "was deprived of his mother. His father,
Michael Overfelt, a native of the Old Dominion, and
a pioneer of i\lissouri, followed the wagonmaker's
tr.ide in addition to that of being a farmer. At the
age of fourteen, l)eing obli.ged to earn his living,
\\'illi;im was bound out to a farmer, with whom he re-
mained until he was twenty-one. With an older
l)rother, John, he then embarked in the flour milling
business in Callaway County. However, before their
enterjjrise had been placed upon a substantial found-
ation, a desire for adventure came over him and
with a party of seventeen young men he made
preparation to come to the coast. The journey
across the plains, begun in the sprin.g of 1846, was
made with pack mules and oxen and contained the
usual dangers and hardships. The greatest peril
the\' encountered was at Kin.gs River, where the
waters had overflowed the bed of the river and
formed an angry sea, imperiling the lives of those
who attempted to cross.

Like almost every pioneer, Mr. Overfelt tried his
luck in the mines, being engaged principally in Mari-
posa County. About 1852 he came to Santa Clara
County and with others bought and settled on Gov-
ernment land, on which he engaged in farming and
stock raisin,g. The marriage of Mr. Overfelt oc-
curred December 27, 1854, uniting him with Miss
Mary Pyle, a sister of John F. Pylc. Her father,
Thomas Pyle, was a son of Edward G. Pyle, a very
early pioneer of California, and mentioned in history
as one of the party who returned to Donner Lake in
!\farch, 1847, hoping to arrive there in time to re-
lieve the ill-fated Donner party. IMrs. Overfelt was
born in Illinois and accompanied her father's family
to California, where she attended a subscription
school and also had the the advantage of study, for
some years, with a private tutor engaged by her
father. After her marriage she settled with her hus-
band on a tract of 160 acres, located on Penetencia
Creek, one-half mile from Berryessa. After almost
four j'cars on that place they sold and removed to a
part of the Pyle homestead, where i4r. Overfelt con-
ducted a dairy and stock raising business until his
death, May 26, 1876, when only forty-nine years of
age. Both he and his wife were from an early age
identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church South,
and contributerl generously to charitable and religious
movements. After the death of her husband she
continued the management of the farm. Mr. and
Mrs. Overfelt were the parents of two sons and
three daughters, Charles F. and E. J. being engaged

[ThoJi^ £2.^^^tr'

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.ARA COUNTY

387

in stock raising" and farming. Tlic oUlest danghtcr,
Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Hatch, resides in San Jose.
Martha Ellen is deceased, and Mildred L. resides ^vith
her mother on the home ranch.

MRS. MARY OVERFELT.— A splendid example
of what a far-seeing, progressive and industrious wom-
an may accomplish, when thrown upon her own re-
sources, is furnished in the life and activities of ,
Mrs. ISfary Overfelt, the highly esteemed pioneer,
who was horn in Illinois about thirty miles from
Chicago, on October 26, 1839. Her grandfather,
Edward G. Pylc, was a native of Virginia, and one
of the Revolutionary patriots who also participated
in the War of 1812. He moved to Kentucky, where
Thomas Pj-le, the father of our subject, was born
in 1810. Later the family migrated to Indiana, then
to Illinois, and afterwards to Missouri, and in all
their adventures they were sturdy frontiersmen. In
1846 Edward Pyle brought his wife, three sons and
three daughters, with two sons-in-law, to California,
and they were members of what was known as the
Pyle-Whiteman party, consisting of Mr. and Mrs.
Whiteman, Mr. and Mrs. Laird, Mary Pyle, who
later became Mrs. Gordon, and Thomas, Edward and
John Pyle.

Thomas Pyle had married Miss Elizabeth Goodwin,
who was born in 1812, and was a member of a family
that came from Ohio, wdiere her Grandfather Good-
win was a magistrate in an early day. Thomas Pyle
was accompanied by his wife and family, which con-
sisted of four children: Edward G, who lived until
February 10, 1915; Mary, Mrs. Overfelt; William
Henry, who died on February 28, 1912; John Francis,
who passed away on July 8, 1921. Mary Pyle was
then a girl of seven years, so that the events of that
' memorable trip are stamped indelibly on her mind.
On October 26, the Pyle-Whiteman party arrived
at Sacramento and located at Sutter's Fort, one and
a half miles from the old town, where they remained
over the winter, while Thomas Pyle went out to help
subdue the Spaniards under General Fremont. He
returned to his family at Sutter's Fort early in the
spring of '47, and then the Pyle family went to the
!Mokelumne River, thence to the Stanislaus River,
where they wintered in Stanislaus County. Two and
a half years were spent on the Tuolumne River and
in the spring of 1850 they settled in Santa Clara
County. Thomas Pyle had come here in the fall of
'49 and bought a ranch of some 500 acres, but when
it was surveyed, finally, it lacked ten acres of that
area. He devoted this land to raising garden truck,
which sold readily in the town, and stock raising.
After the death of Grandmother Pyle, Grandfather
Pyle made his home with his son Thomas. He had
come to this county at an early day and had pur-
chased some lots when San Jose was plotted. He
had spent a short time at the mines, but preferred
the life of a rancher, as a surer way to wealth.

Mary Pyle attended the Berryessa school, where
she studied, first under Mr. Harrison and then under
Mr. Kimball, and later she attended the Hammond
private school in San Jose. She remained on the
home ranch until December 27, 1854, when she was
married to William C. Overfelt, a native of Vir-
ginia, where he was born in April, 1827. His father.
Michael Overfelt, was born September 25, 1780, and
died on March 12, 1864, and his mother, before her
marriage on October 10, 1805, was Miss Polly Ayers.
William Overfelt came to California from Missouri
in 1849 and settled at first at Placerville, where he
mined. He then came to the Penetencia Creek dis-

trict aiul bought 161) acres, where he raised stock
and grain, but sold this ranch, being afraid that he
would lose it through a dispute over the old Spanish
title. About 1858 he moved to the old Pyle ranch,
his wife's part of the estate being about seventy
acres, and be also purchased the portion of his
brother-in-law, ICilward Pyle, thereby coming to own
over 100 acres. Later, with Mr. McCracken, he pur-
chased some 300 acres of land on which Los Gatos
now stands.

Mr, Overfelt passed away May 26, 1876, the hon-
ored father of five children, then living. The chil-
dren born to Mr. and Mrs. Overfelt are: William
Elijah died at the age of eighteen months; Charles
Franklin resides in San Jose with his wife, formerly
Rose Lenz, and their two children, Dorothy and
Harold; John Thomas died at eight years, and Chris-
topher, while in infancy; Elizabeth has become iMrs.
Wm. D. Hatch and lives on North Thirteenth Street,
San Jose; she is the mother of two daughters — Veva
B., Mrs. Frank S. I^ocke, and Leah, Mrs. Jay Hanna;
Edward Jackson lives on the home ranch; Martha
E., Mrs. F. S. Easterday, died on August 6, 1915;
Mildred L., for a number of years a teacher in the
public schools of the state, is at home.

Directly after her husband's death, Mrs. Overfelt,
carrying out the plans made by herself and husband
prior to his death, built the home in which she now
lives at the corner of Jackson and McKee roads, and
moved into it in 1877, dispensing there a generous
Californian hospitality to her many friends. William
Overfelt, with Joseph McKee and George Wood,
were the three men who first secured the first free
public school in the county, east of San Jose, and or-
ganized the Pala district, Mr. Overfelt being one of
the trustees for many years. During his lifetime he
sought to do his duty as a citizen under the ban-
ners of the Democratic party. Mrs. Overfelt is in-
dependent in her views and votes for the best men
and measures, regardless of party lines. Her two
sons, Charles F. and E. Jackson Overfelt, are well-
known and successful ranchers of the valley, where
they also have achieved prominence as breeders of
Percheron and Belgian draft horses, and at one time
they had five prize stallions.

DON WALTER LUTHER,— A native son of
California and of an early settler of Santa Clara
County, Don Walter Luther is successfully carrying
on the horticultural and agricultural operations in-
augurated by his father. He was born in Hollister,
September 5, 1882, the son of Jacob and Francis
(Green) Luther, natives of Germany and Michigan,
respectively. His father came to California from
Wisconsin in 1858, was a successful stockman in
Monterey County, and in 1889 began developing the
Luther orchard of 110 acres near San Jose, now one
of the finest producers in the valley. He died March
11, 1916, leaving a widow and four children.

Don Walter attended the Santa Clara and San
Jose grammar schools and (he high school of San
Jose. He was reared on the farm and when his
father passed away, he went on with the management
of the ranch, and has been justly rewarded for his
industry and perseverance. His mother, himself and
his sisters reside on the home place, living together
in harmony, each cooperating and doing their' part
and having explicit confidence in each other.

On December 29, 1915, in Santa Clara, Mr. Luther
was united in marriage to Miss Glen Monroe, a
native of Oregon, a daughter of Julius and Anna

388

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Monroe, originally from Missouri. Mr. and Mrs.
Luther are the parents of one daughter, Alice Don-
aldina. In irational politics, Mr. Luther is a Repub-
lican, and fraternally is a member of the Odd Fel-
lows lodge of Santa Clara. The advancement and
prosperity of Santa Clara County has a strong sup-
porter in Mr. Luther, and his interest and influence
is readily given to the upbuildkig of his locality.

JOSEPHINE RAND ROGERS.— California is
proud of her gifted and patriotic women, and well
she may be, for ever since her entry into the Union,
the Golden State has been singularly blessed with
the number of women of exceptional pubhc-spirited-
ness and unusual, even rare talent and enviable quali-
fications. In the beginning, to be sure, the women
W'ho helped to lay the foundations for the great com-
monwealth, in keeping with the attitude of most of
their sex throughout the land, contented themselves
to labor in the quieter, less observed, but by no
means isolated paths of life; but as the years went
by, and a larger influence because of a larger free-
dom and service \\as accorded them, thanks to a
broader sentiment as to the value of women to soci-
ety, and a greater tolerance as to suffrage — a senti-
ment and a tolerance, by the way, fostered in part
by the eitective reform work of broad-minded, clear-
visioned and courageous women — the so-called
weaker, but the ever fair sex came to the fore; and
ever since has been doing a larger, and quite its
full share of the world's daily work. Lr this shin-
ing company of far-seeing and courageous leaders,
Mrs. Josephine Rand Rogers of Santa Clara Valley
has borne her part m her adopted state.

Mrs. Rogers, as Josephine Almira Rand, was born
at Forest Home, the old Rand homestead, situated
between Niagara Falls and Buffalo, N. Y., on No-
vember 6, 1S69. She was the daughter of Calvin
Gordon Rand of Batavia, N. Y., who had married
Almira Hershey Long of I'onawanda, N. Y. Her
maternal grandmother was of the old Hershey fam-
ily of Lancaster, Pa., one of the oldest and most
prominent families in Eastern Pennsylvania; her
maternal grandfather, Benjamin Long, was an ex-
tensive landowner of Pennsylvania, wdio later settled
m Western New York, where he became one of the
most influential and prosperous citizens of that sec-
tion of the country. Her father was the son of Dr.
James Rand of Batavia, N. Y., a descendant of
Robert Rand, who came to America from England
in 1635 and whose many descendants have made
the name Rand a synonym for sterling worth and
achievement in this country. An uncle of Mrs.
Rogers, Chas. F. Rand, was the first volunteer in the
Civil War and was decorated by Congress for being
the first volunteer and also for bravery m service.
He was also decorated by the New York State
Legislature.

Calvin Gordon Rand was a school teacher in his
earlier years, but later was the successful manager
ol a large estate which had been given him by his
wife's father and on which was located beautiful
Forest Home. He died when our subject was two
years of age.

There were nine children in the family, and among
these Josephine was the eighth. The others were as
follows; Benjamin Long, who had a successful career
as a banker, later became president of the Rand

Manufacturing Company of North Tonawanda, N. Y.;
Mary Hershey, who passed away in her twentieth
year, had devoted her young life to education and
music, having graduated from the Buffalo High
School, also was member of the first graduating
class in the Chautauqua course; James Henry, presi-
dent of the Rand Manufacturing Company, was the
inventor of the Rand ledger used throughout the
United States and Canada, also inventor of the vis-
ible index system and a large number of time-saving
devices; Cora Belle is the wife of F. Everett
Reynolds of Brockport, N. Y.; Elizabeth Hershey is
the wife of Rev. B. Frank Taber of Ithaca, N. Y., a
Baptist clergyman, now at Washington, Pa.; Eugene
died at the age of seven; George Franklin was well
known in financial circles in this country and in
F.urope for his remarkable ability as a banker. At
the age of thirty-five he was president of three na-
tional banks. Later, as president of the Marine
l^'rust Company of Buffalo, he was recognized as
one of the greatest bankers of the country. He be-
came of international interest from his gift of 500,000
fiancs to the French Government for the erection of
a monument in memory of the bayonet trench heroes
at Verdun, and his check for the amount was
presented in person to M. Clemenceau on December
5, 1919. Three days later, as Mr. Rand was crossing
from Paris to London by aeroplane, he met instant
death by an accident to the machine when landing.
His heirs honored the check given to France, how-
ever, and the monument was erected. Its dedication,
a year later, was attended by great pomp and cere-
mony. The famous war generals. Marshal Foch,
General Joffre and General Petain, being present;
also it was the first public official appearance of the
newly elected president of France, M. Millerand.
Seven members of the Rand family were also present
for the occasion. Mr. Rand's gift to France marked
an epoch in world history, for it was the first time a
citizen of one country had given a monument to
another country to commemorate the heroism of
that other country's soldiers. Josephine Almira, was
iie.xt in age in the family; Clara Nancy, now the wife
of Frederick Robertson, a banker of North Tona-
wanda, N. Y., was the youngest.

When Josephine was nearly two years of age her
parents moved to LaSalle, four miles from Niagara
I'alls. A few months later her father died. Her
early education was begun by her sister Mary. At
the age of eight she began attendance at the country
school, and when ten her mother moved her family
to Brockport, N. Y., that the children might have
the advantages of the State Normal School located
there. Four years later her mother died.

Believing a change of climate might prove bene-
ficial to Josephine, who had never been very robust,
it was decided that she should make her home with
her sister Elizabeth, who had become the wife of
Reverend Taber and whose pastorate was in Man-
hattan, Kans. Thither she went, accompanied by
Reverend and Mrs. Taber and their young son. The
next four years were spent in attendance at the pub-
lic schools of Manhattan and in the Kansas State
Agricultural College. It was in this college that
she met her future husband, I'". J. Rogers, wdio was
a member of the college faculty. Deciding that she
would fit herself for the teaching profession, Miss

Wf^LL^ (A,.^ (2.^^,^-^

i/

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

391

Kand relunifd to Now York and entered the Knffalo
State Normal Scliool. After j^raduatiou in 1890, she
was offered a position in the Ithaca puhlie schools,
where she taught two years. Here she a^'ain met
Professor Rogers, then an instructor at Cornell.

On June 21, 1893, at North Tonawanda, N. Y., al
the home of her eldest brother, Benjamin, Miss Rand
was married to Frederick John Rogers. Mr. Rogers
was born at Neoga, 111 , September 9, I860. He \\ as
the second child of John Rankin Rogers and Sarah
r.reene Rogers. The Rogers family came from
Maine, and their ancestry is traced to William
Rogers, who came to this country in 1746. On his
maternal side, the Greenes were the prominent fani-
il\" by that name in Ohio, whose ancestry is traced
to 1636. John Rankin Rogers moved his family
from one state to another and finally settled in Kan-
sas. During the family's residence in that state,
I'rederick attended the State Agricultural College,
from which he graduated and was placed on the
teaching staff the following year. In this college
Mr. Rogers was a classmate of Ernest P'ox Nichols
and at Cornell, whither the two young men went at
the same time, they were roommates. E. F. Nichols
later became the president of Dartmouth University,
head of the physics department at Yale, and presi-
dent of Alassachusetts Institute of Technology. An-
other roommate of Mr. Rogers at the Kansas col-
lege was James G. Harbord, now Major-General
of the U. S. Army and General Pershing's chief of
staff. When Mr. Rogers left Kansas to contmue his
studies at Cornell, his father moved his family to the
state of Washington, and here he w"as elected gov-
ernor of the state in 1896. In 1900 he was reelected
for a second term. This was a personal victory, for
he was the only candidate on his ticket — the Demo-
cratic— that was elected, but only a few months later
he died in office. He is rated as one of the most
eflicient governors the state has ever had.

Upon her marriage, Mrs. Rogers accompanied her
husband to Ithaca, where he was a member of the
ph^'sics department of Cornell University. Here
they remained for seven years. In 1900 they re-
moved to Stanford University, with which institu-
tion Professor Rogers is still connected. The family
spent one year at Princeton University — a sabbatical
leave of absence from Stanford in 1914-1915, when
Professor Rogers taught in the latter university.

Mrs. Josephine Rand Rogers is the mother of four
children: Frederick Rand, born in Ithaca, N. Y., on
December 27, 1894, w-ho is now instructor on physical
education in the Salinas high school. He attended
the Palo Alto high school, Phillips Exeter Academy
in New Hampshire, and graduated from the Prince-
ton, New Jersey, high school, and from Stanford
University in 1920. His college course \vas inter-
rupted by the World War. He enlisted shortly after
war was declared in the Naval Reserve on April 12,
1917. He received his commission as ensign at
San Pedro and was sent to Annapolis Naval Acad-
emy, where he graduated in June, 1918. He was
sent overseas and made chief inspector of fourteen-
inch shells, at Shefifield, England, until the armistice
was signed. He was then given the rank of lieuten-
ant, junior grade. While at Annapolis, Frederick
Rand Rogers and Miss Beatrice Easterday were mar-
ried in Baltimore, Md., April 6, 1918. This marriage

was the culmination of a friendship begun when
Miss Easterday was .a student at Castilleja school in
I'alo Alto, and I'red v\ as a high school student ii;
the same place. 'J'hey have one child, Katherine
Haller, born January 12, 1921. During Frederick's
high school and college course he was a prominent
athlete, playing on football and basketball teams and
winning c|uarter and half-mile races. He is memljer
of the Delta Upsilon fraternity. Robert '}recne
Ro,gcrs, the second son, born on December 5, 1895,
graduated from the >^an Jose high school and en-
tered Stanford University. He enlisted in the Naval
Reserve for the World War, April 17, 1917, and re-
ceived his commission as ensign, but the armistice
was signed before he \s as sent overseas. He also
took an active part in athletics during his high school
course, playing on the football and basketball teams
in high school and on the freshman football team at
Stanford and made his letter S in high hurdles
against California. He is a meinber of the Delta
Upsilon fraternity, the Skull and Snakes, the Geol-
ogy and Mining and Gymnasium Club. Josephine,
the only dau.ghter, was born on March 12, 1903.
While a student in the San Jose high school, from
which she was graduated in June, 1919, she played
on the girls' baseball team, was elected to Torch and
Laurel, girls' honorar}- society. She was placed on
the "preferred list" of girls for entrance into Stan-
ford. However she entered Mills College. John, the
youngest, born March 27, 1907, is a student in the
San Jose high school.

While Mrs. Rogers has been a devoted wife and
mother she has been impressed with a sense of
noblesse oblige — that for all the advantages, priv-
ileges, and opportunities that have been hers she
owes a return to the world. Believing that condi-
tions surrounding the home and children are de-
pendent upon conditions in the larger home, the
community, state and nation, and realizing that the
world is what we make it, Mrs. Rogers has been
impelled to do her part. She has at times applied
herself to the furthering of movements that were
unpopular but just. With no thought of personal
.glory or advantage but in a spirit of self-sacrihce
and ardent devotion to that which is right she has
wielded an influence for good that has made itself
felt beyond the confines of her own residence in city
or state. Alert, broad-visioned and consecrated, she
utilizes her time for the promotion of human wel-
fare. Her pleasure is in contributing her part to the
world's progress.

The public work to which Mrs. Rogers first applied
her energies was in behalf of woman suffrage, in
New York state in 1893. At that time the cause
v. as exceedingly unpopular, and needed fearless
champions. Ten years later, in Palo Alto, she again
took up the work. Here it was also distinctly un-
popular. Mrs. Rogers offered her services to the
club that had voted to disband; she aided in increas-
ing interest in the cause and enlarging membership
of the suffrage club and at the time of the passage
of the amendment to the State Constitution en-
franchising women in 1911, the Palo Alto club was
one of the most influential in Northern California.

Mrs. Rand Rogers' chief interest is in child wel-
fare. While deeply appreciating the work done by
charity workers, for needy children, and also in

39:

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

sympathy with the efforts made througli reform
schools to restore so-called wayward children to nor-
mal attitude of mind. Mrs. Rogers bends her eti'orts
toward prevention rather than cure. To provide for
children right environment and intelligent training
that would lead to their best developiuent Mrs.
Rogers claims is the fundamentally important \vork
01 those who have the welfare of children at heart.
To this end she has labored unceasin.gly. The San
Jose Day Nursery owes much to Mrs. Rogers' eti'orts.
At the retiuest of two ladies, who had conceived the
idea of a Day Nursery for San Jose, Mrs. Rogers
assisted in forming the organization anrl was one
of its first directors. W'lieu funds were exhausted
and the doors were about to close. Mrs. Rogers gave
a dramatic reading as a benefit performance, which
netted a large amount and was sufficient to continne
the work, and acted as president of the board of
directors until the institution was firmly estahlisiicd.
During this time Mrs. Rogers was also active in
the Parent-Teacher Association. As district chair-
man of the home department she originated the plan
ot havin,g talks at the re,gular meetings bearing on
the moral training of children. She agitated the
question of the importance of intelligent, scientific
parenthood with indefatigable zeal, and aroused in-
terest that is bearing fruit an hundredfold. The first
course of lectures on child training .given by the
University of California Extension Division were
given in San Jose at the request and by arrangement
of Mrs. Josephine Rand Rogers, wdio was then
County Chairman of Child Welfare for the AVoman's
Committee of the Council of Defense. Courses in
San Francisco immediately followed. The idea .grew
rapidly and soon became an established custom.

In 1918 Mrs. Rogers had introduced into the State
Legislature Assembly Bill No. 198, providin.g for an
appropriation of $50,000 to the University of Cal-
ifornia Extension Division for the purpose of g"ivin,g
couses of lectures in communities requesting them
on scientific child training. This bill was not re-
ported out from committee, hut a direct result of the
propa.ganda Mrs. Rogers had carried on in its be-
half throughout the state led to the preparation of
a correspondence study course on scientific mother-
hood lay the Extension Division.

Durin.g the next session of the State Legislature —
1920 — ^'Irs. Ro.gcrs had another bill presented — Sen-
;ite Bill No 213. This called for an appro[)riation
of $50,000 for the establishment of a Child Wel-
fare Research Station at the LTniversity of California.
Realizing that the amount of information available
for the courses in scientific motherhood was ex-
tremely limited, ilrs. Rogers determined to go to
the rock bottom of child welfare work — the scientific
study of the child itself. For months her entire time
was given to the furthering of this bill, securing en-
dorsements from prominent educators, psychologists,
judges, physicians, women's clubs and men's clubs,
and attendance at the state conventions and the
legislature. The bill was reported favorably from
the education committee but tabled by the finance
committee. She intends to continue her efforts in
this direction until the goal is reached.

In behalf of child \vclfare, Mrs. Rogers fought
assiduously for prohibition. Her activities along this

line — until the adoption of the Eighteenth Amend-
ment— was marked by a determination, thoroughness
and constructiveness that proved a compelling fac-
tor m the struggle for the temperance cause in this
state. She was one of the organizers of the War
Service League that worked in conjunction with the
military authorities at Camp Fremont during the
war; of the Civic Welfare League, formed to bring
about better conditions in San Jose; also of the
Santa Clara County Law and Order League, origi-
nated to carry the Little Volstead Act election and
continue the propaganda for the Wright Bill in the
state election.

The League of Women Voters, of which Mrs.
Rand Rogers is president at the time this history is
being compiled, was organized in May, 1921. This
organization having for its aim legislation for the
welfare of women and children and education for bet-
ter citizenship appealed to Mrs. Rogers as eminently
worth while for the advancement of her dearest inter-
est— child welfare.

Mrs. Rogers was educated not only as teacher but
as a dramatic reader. She studied with the best
teachers in the country, including Professor Charles
Cumnock of Northwestern University, and Leland T.
Powers of Boston; at the Curry School of Expression
in Boston, and the Emerson College of Oratory. Her
dramatic readings throughout the country, including
San Jose and Stanford L'nivcrsity elicited both press
and personal testimonies as to her splendid dramatic
talent. She organized the Current Events Club com-
posed of faculty ladies of Stanford in 1905, wdiich is
still regarded as one of high merit.

The year 1920 marked a new epoch in the life of
Mrs. Rogers. As a result of her wide observation
and experience in civic welfare w'ork through various
or,ganizations and as a private citizen, Mrs. Rogers
decided that her work would be more effective if per-
formed in a .government official capacity. Also she
believed women's interests should be represented to
some extent by women themselves in the State Leg-
islature. Fler desire was to render the greatest serv-
ice in her jjowcr. Since the state senator from her
district had declined renomination, she decided to
offer her services for that position. The "wet" and
"dry" forces each putting a man on the Republican
ticket for nomination, Mrs. Ro,gers refused to split
the dry vote by making a campaign for the primary
election. Her loyalty to the "dry" cause was abso-
lute. But after the primaries when the "wet and dry"
issue was settled she made her campai.gn on an Inde-
pendent ticket on the child welfare platform, and in
behalf of democracy. The first woman to make a
campai,gn for a state elective office in her senatorial
district, the first person to start a campaign after the
primaries, against great odds with no organization
back of her, she polled a vote that astonished the most
astute politicians. Although she did not win the elec-
tion, she had made a campaign in behalf of a just
cause and felt she had really rendered a valuable
service to the pul)lic.

Open-minded, progressive, originator of ideas, of
sound judgment, earnest and fearless, Mrs. Josephine
Rand Rogers has learned the secret of right living,
— the joy of service — and she lives it to the utmost.

y^ /^i^a^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI,ARA COUNTY

395

HENRY WILLARD COE.— With many phases
of Santa Chira County's dux cloiMncat and npbnikl-
ing, Hcm-y WiUard Coc was closely associated. He
was born ni the village ol: Northuood, N. H., h'cbrti-
ary 6, 1820, and his yonthlul years were spent in the
midst of moral, as well as physical surroundings
eminently calculated to make him a leader among
men. He descended, on both sides, from famous
families, proin_inent in Colonial .and Revolutionary
history, the genealog\- tracing- the family as far l.)aek
as lo4t). \'ery early in life his mother died and
feeling keenly the loss, the lad was prompted to ac-
cept the offer of Zach. Chandler (o aecouip.an>' hnn
to the ^^'est. AVith a meager stock of goods, which
they carried with them, they were towed in a canal
boat up the Hudson River, through the Erie Canal,
and across the Great Lakes to Detroit, a journey
occup\-ing over a month. This offer of Mr. Chandler
to a boy of sixteen, shows conclusively what was
already thought of Henry Willard Coe. Within three
vears, a partnership in Mr. Chandler's great business
was offered him, which proves that the expectations
of Mr. Chandler were justified. However, the young
man declined the flattering offer, and returning to
his native town, purchased the busmess carried on
by his father, and conducted it successfully. And
now came one of those turns of tire tide in the affairs
of men which it is always delightful and helpful to
recall because of the lesson they impress and the
insight mto character they furnish. One evening
there came into the village a weary traveler from
the West, who said that in the West his wife and
all his children had died of fever. At the village
inn, he asked for food and shelter, which was denied
him. Mr. Coe, wdio happened to be standing near
and heard the proprietor's refusal of hospitality, of-
fered the man his home as long as he desired, and
fed, clothed and entertained him with the warm hos-
pitality for which he afterwards became famous. He
was well repaid for his kindness. The stranger told
him of a cotton manufactory in Cooperstown, N. Y.,
and that he knew the purchase would make him a
fortune. Mr. Coe made a very careful inquiry and
purchased the property, and operated it at consider-
able profit. This was a most appreciable rew^ard for
the kindness that had helped the poor stranger, and
it was practically the starting point of the w-ell-
known Phoenix Cotton Manufacturing plant at
Cooperstown, N. Y. Mr. Coe employed a large
number of people, and not only manufactured cot-
ton, but turned out calicoes of new and varied de-
signs. Two years after entering upon this enter-
prise, Mr. Coe found himself with a substantial bal-
ance. Then came a period of uncertainty; values of
every kind fluctuated almost hourly, but Mr. Coe
decided that he would not sell his business at a loss.
He doggedly held on for six months; then the crash
came, Henry Clay was defeated and the election
of Polk to the presidency meant the repeal of the
tariff. Following the election of Mr. Polk came a
panic and Mr. Coe was financially ruined; however,
he did not grieve over his losses, but assigned all of
his property to his creditors. The strain of the
anxiety over the financial situation, undermined his
health, and his physician advised a complete rest.
He journeyed to Detroit, wdiere his friend, Hon.
Zachariah Chandler, still lived, but he only stopped

there lor a slidrl lime, going on to St. Louis, Mo.

Mr, Coe had always been lired by visions of the
Northwest, and being naturally of an enterprising
and giiierous disposition, with a cool head and a
warm heart, he was a recognized leader of men and
his associates appreciated his superior leadership.
When the spring of 1847 came Mr. Coe set out with
a large company for Oregon. The journey occupied
six months and the hardships and perils were great;
these have all been told in the narrative of his son,
Charles W. Coe, "The Winners of the Great North-
west." Our history of Mr. Coe's life has more to
do with his part in the development ol the Golden
.State and what he did to further its interests. He
had two brothers who distinguished themselves,
JCben, the eldest, as a civil engineer, and George, as
a very prominent financier and banker.

Toward the end of 1848, Henry W. Coe came down
into California from Oregon. On this journey he
discovered the value of the waters of Shasta Springs,
^vhere so many tourists stop to refresh themselves.
Upon arrival m this state he spent some time in
mining, discovering a valuable mine in Amador
County, which he named the Phoenix, in memory of
his old mill at Cooperstown, N. Y. He was fairly
successful, enough so to induce him to accept an
associate. This associate was of a burly build, and
his character harmonized with it. One evening, in
the hills, and in his associate's absence, there came
along a lot of poor fellows, barely clothed, and to
all appearances, more sparely fed. They proved to
be veterans of the Mexican War, and the warm
heart of Mr. Coe was moved to its very depth;
he clothed and fed, and saw them on their way.
Upon the return of his associate he declared Coe's
foolish generosity had ruined them. With a smile,
Mr. Coe walked away, and then occurred a very
strange thing, wdiich reads like a fairy tale. Away
in the hills, a considerable distance from their camp,
and walking with his eyes to the ground, as a pros-
pector does, Mr. Coe noticed, almost at his feet,
a string. He stopped and pulled it, and wdien he
came to the end of it, there was a sack. The sack
contained a beautiful meerschaum pipe, sundry gold
coins, and at the bottom a number of ounces of gold
dust, more than sufficient to repay, twice over, the
amount the generosity of his heart had prompted
him to bestow upon the weary travelers. There
was no doubt that the pipe was a relic of the past,
Mr. Coe kept the pipe for twenty-five years, hoping
that the owner could be found. When Mr. Coe re-
turned, he called his partner, paid him what was due
him, showed him the door, and bade him good day.
In those early days of mining in California, scien-
tific methods w^ere unknown. Machinery had to be
ordered in London and shipped round Cape Horn,
and this recjuired many months. In the meantime,
Mr. Coe, wdio had determined to engage in the
business of providing this, settled in San Francisco
as a purchasing agent for miners' supplies. Not until
1858 did he revisit Newr York. He did so then on a
mission of no small importance to himself. He mar-
ried the lady of his choice, Miss Hannah Huntington
Smith, wdio had waited for him nineteen years. Mrs.
Coe was born August 16, 1821, in Camden, N. Y.
She was the daughter of Rev. Henry Huntington
Smith, a native of the village of Durham, N. H.,

396

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

and the son of Hon. Ebcnezer and Mehitabcl
(Sheafe) Smith. Reverend Smith graduated from
Bowdoin College in 1810, and finished his theological
training at the Andover Theological Seminary in
1815. He was ordained as a minister during the year
of 1817 at Camden, N. Y., and while engaged in his
chosen work and during a vigorous exhortation, he
was stricken and died Jul}' 19, 1828. This branch
of the Smith family were prominent in the history
of the Northeast, and many members of the family
were connected with the affairs of state. The Hunt-
ingtons were among the Revolutionary soldiers.

When Mr. Coe returned to California with his
bride, he found that his mining property had been
taken possession of by Alvinza Hayward, who was
reaping a handsome fortune each month therefrom.
Happily Mr. Coc possessed an ample fortune of his
own, as did his bride in her own right. They soon
were attracted by the (juiet of the country, so they
came to San Jose, where Mr. Coe purchased 150
acres in the section known as The Willows.
Here he established a beautiful country residence,
the hospitality of which ^vas nowhere surpassed. He
cleared his tract, and was the first man to plant fruit
trees and hops. Mr. Coe was the first extensive
shipper of hops to New York, Liverpool and Aus-
tralia, and he grew the first tobacco in California,
from which he made cigars, and the first silk grown
and manufactured from the native product of the
United vStates was grown and manufactured at The
Willows, the silk being made into a beautiful flag
presented to Congress in 1872. This flag was after-
wards exhibited at the Centennial Exposition, in
Philadelphia; at the World's Fair, in Chicago, and
is on exhibition today in the Sinithsonian Institute
at Washington. The experiment deinonstrated the
possibility of silk culture in Santa Clara Valley, both
soil and climate being admirably adapted to the mul-
berry and cocoon. Mr. Coe was extraordinarily
successful as a grower of hops and was the first to
use sulphur in bleaching hops and fruit, a process
that is universally employed at the present time.
Men traveled expressly from Europe to purchase
hops from him as they were declared superior to
any grown elsewhere in any land.

Later Mr. Coe suffered great financial losses and
this induced him to part with all his property in The
Willows, after holding it fifteen years. Thereafter
he lead a retired life in the lovely San Felipe Valley,
a fit haven of rest, among the beauties of nature,
where he had often expressed the wish that the
evening of his life might be spent until its close.
Surrounded by all ^vho were dearest to him, the end
came at sunset on June 17, 1896, and thus ended
a varied and worthy life. Whether considered as the
merchant of pioneer Detroit days; the enterprising
cotton manufacturer of Cooperstown, N. Y.; the
pioneer crossing the plains and braving dangers of
every kind in 1847; the volunteer schoolmaster of
Oregon City in the days of its foundation; exploring
the Columbia; fighting, where all Avere heroes in the
battle of the terrible Indian war in Oregon; migrat-
ing, a leader ever, from Oregon to California over-
land; whether considered as a miner or a merchant
of the Golden State; in the hills, or in the city; or
whether remembered finally, as a pioneer orchardist
of Santa Clara Valley, bringing to San Jose its title

of "The Garden City"; the first of its hop growers
and silk producers; at whatever time of life recalled,
Henry Willard Coe will ever stand to all who knew
him as one of the highest types of the American
gentleman, the enterprising, fearless, generous, high-
minded and public-spirited citizen. In presence, Mr.
Coe was slightly over six feet. He was a man of
striking dignity, but of most kindly manner. He
was exceptionally well read, with a memory that was
remarkable, and he retaified his faculties up to within
an hour of his death. He remembered perfectly
General LaFayette's visit to this country. He and
his brother Eben had stood watching on the banks
of the Hudson when Fulton first ran his steamer on
its waters. He knew San Francisco when it con-
tained only a population of five hundred. He was
fond of dwelling upon the marvelous development of
science that he had seen take place within his own
lifetime. He was broad-minded in all things, and
rejoiced in progress of every kind. Mr. Coe was
survived by his widow, four years. She died Janu-
ary 17, 1901, beloved by all, as she had lived. Her
womanly graces and her great kindness of heart had
endeared her to all kinds and conditions of people
from the moment she made her home among them.
Two sons of her union with Mr. Coe survive them
both: Henry W. Coe, who lives in the beautiful San
Felipe Valley, of whom more extended mention is
elsewhere given, and Charles W. Coe, for many
j-ears a resident of San Jose, but now of Phoenix.
He married Miss Leontine Carteri, a native of Santa
Barbara, who is a granddaughter of the first Eng-
lish settler in Southern California, William D. Foxen,
who, in 1836, built the first ship in California. Mr.
Foxen it was, also, who saved General Fremont's
small body of troops from annihilation, by guiding
them over the mountains, instead of journeying
through the Goleta Pass, where destruction awaited
them at the hands of General Castro. Four children,
Eben, Willard, Leontine and Roger, have been born
to Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Coe.

It is to such men as Henry Willard Coe that the
country really owes what is best in its character and
achievements. He stood for advancement and pro-
gressiveness in all things and his labors were an
eflective force in bringing about improvements and
upbuilding along numerous lines that have proven of
untold worth to the communities in which he lived.

HENRY W. COE.— No history of San Jose and
the surrounding country would be complete without
reference to Henry W. Coe, who was born on Coe
Avenue in The Willows on April 17, 1860. His
father, Henry Willard Coe, and mother, Hannah
Huntington (Smith) Coe, were representatives of
families who helped shape the destinies of America
and they became pioneer residents of the Santa Clara
Valley, where during their lifetime, they contributed
not a little to the progress of the community. Else-
where in this volume will be found a sketch of their
eventful lives.

Henry W. Coe was reared and educated in San
Jose, having attended the grammar and high schools
of that city, later graduating from the Pacific Busi-
ness College of San Francisco. His father having
acquired 500 acres of land, part of the Los Huecos
grant in the San Felipe Valley, Henry W., together
with his brother, Charles W., engaged in the stock-

iWfi^

^ «1

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

399

raising business, running 1,000 head on the prop-
erty. In time Henry W. bought out his brother and
added to his holdings until, at the present time, he
owns upwards of 8.000 acres in Santa Clara County.
One of his favorite ranches is located in the Pine
Ridge Country east of Morgan Hill, an ideal loca-
tion. While Air. Coc has to some extent discon-
tinued his stockraising business, he still retains his
land holdings and on his home ranch ranges some
200 head: also raises fruit.

On August 21, 1905, Mr. Coe was married to Rhoda
Dawson Sutcliffe and they have become the parents
of two children: Henry Sutcliffe Coe attending the
San Jose high school, and Sada Sutcliffe Coe, a pupil
at the Lowell School, San Jose. Mrs. Coe, who
shares with her husband the good will of all who
know them, was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Feb-
ruary 10, 1879, and is the dau.ghter of Rev. Ingham
Sutcliffe. horn in the year of 1804 at Cowling, near
Bradford, Yorkshire, England. During the year of
1832, he became a Wesleyan missionary to Nova
Scotia, where he was energetic and active in the
mission work and where he died in 1885. On ac-
coxmt of the migration of this branch of the Sut-
cliffe family in the early days, Mrs. Coe has known
but little of her English forbears, but that they were
people of standing and education is evidenced in the
traits of character exhibited by their descendants on
this side of the Atlantic.

Mr. Coe is a member of the Pioneer's Society of
Santa Clara County and takes great pride in the
pioneer work accomplished by his father and is al-
ways ready to aid in all progressive movements. He
is always genial, whether in the casual meeting on
the street or within the portals of his home. His
home life is ideal. He spends nearly all of his time
on the ranch though maintains a residence in San
Jose that his children may have the advantages of
the citj' schools. Mr. Coe is held in high esteem
by all who know him and is a genial and compan-
ionable man whose sterling worth has gained for
him warm friendships.

JOHN WILLIAM NIXON.— From the beginning
of its experience as a live, progressive city, and for
many years past. San Jose has been famous through-
out all the Pacific slope for both its well organ-
ized institutions of education and its high educational
standards and influence in the development of popu-
lar culture. Leading among the best conducted of
these notable organizations is unquestionably Heald's
Business College whose scholarly and gifted man-
ager, John William Nixon, occupies an enviable posi-
tion in the history of California pedagogy. He was
born in Cumberland, Md., the son of Thomas Nixon,
a business man, who married Miss Agnes Morton,
and the devoted parents both passed away while our
subject was still a child. However, his mother had
inculcated in his mind the necessity of an educa-
tion. By perseverence, self-denial and surmounting
obstacles, he was able to work his way through the
public schools and high school and then matriculated
at the State University of Iowa from which, in 1897
he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of
Science, while two years later he received the de-
gree of Bachelor of Law from the same university.

LTpon leaving the university, Mr. Nixon accepted
the principalship of the Garrison, Iowa, high school
and later became identified with Elliott's Business

College of Burlington, Iowa, at that time one of the
largest business colleges in the country. Later he
moved to Texas and practiced law for a time in Dal-
las. On coming to California in 1907 he became
identified with the Heald Business College organiza-
tion. Heald's Business College corporation had at
tliat time acquired an interest in the old San Jose
Business College and Mr. Nixon was placed in charge.
He immediately proceeded to effect a consolidation
of the San Jose Business College and the Pacific
Coast Business College which in turn had absorbed
the Garden City Business College. The deal was
soon consummated, and the consolidated school trans-
ferred to Heald's Business College. From a very
small school he has built up and extended its repu-
tation and influence as a live institution, success
having attended his labors until it has become known
everywhere as one of the most exacting of busi-
ness colleges in the state, in its high standards, while
it is also one of the most helpful to its students, af-
fording every encouragement and legitimate aid to
those ambitious to climb and improve their condi-
tions in life. Students come from many parts of the
United States to attend this institution. Heald's
Business College is the only business college in the
city of San Jose, and specializes in all the com-
mercial branches. The appreciation of a highly in-
telligent public may be seen in its splendid enroll-
ment of more than 500 students during the past year.

Since his identification with the Heald organiza-
tion, Mr. Nixon has been a member of its board of
directors, and for several years past has been the
treasurer of the corporation. Mr. Nixon was active
in the various Libert}' Loan and war drives during
the World War, receiving special mention from the
War Department for his services. He is a mem-
ber of the Chamber of Commerce, and an active di-
rector in the Y. M. C. A. He was chairman of the
Campaign Committee that put over so successfully
the campaign for the new Commercial Club, and
it is needless to say that he seeks to make his asso-
ciation with these excellent organizations mean some-
thing to the community. He is a director in the
People's Thrift Bank and also a director of the Lions
Club of San Jose. He is a practical rancher w-ith
extensive interests in rice lands, general farming, and
fruit culture, and was among the first to engage in
growing cotton in the south San Joaquin Valley, and
has developed a fine eighty-acre fruit ranch consist-
ing of citrus and decidious fruits, near Porterville,
which was only a wheat field when he acquired title
thereto.

Mr. Nixon is fond of fishing and outdoor life, mak-
ing many camping trips to the mountains during the
summer months. He is a member of Fraternitv
Lodge No. 399 F. & A. M.: Howard Chapter
No. 14 R. A. M.: San Jose Council No. 20 R.
& S. il.: San Jose Consistory No. 9. Scottish Rite
bodies; Islam Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. of San
Francisco, and with his wife is a member of San
Jose Chapter No. 31 O. E. S., and an officer in
Rose Croix Shrine No. 7, White Shrine of Jeru-
salem. He was married December 27. 1899, to Mayme
E. Palmer, an accomplished lady, who is an active
director in the San Jose Woman's Club Day Nursery
and other women's organizations. Mr. Xixon has
ahvays taken an active part in local politics, having
been a member of the Count>- Central Committee of
both Republican and Progressive parties.

400

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ARCHIE McDonald— Those forces which have
contributed most to the development, improvement
and benefit of San Jose received hiipetus from the
lal)ors of Arcliie AtcDonald. whose hfe record is
a credit and honor to his city and state. He is dis-
tinctively a man of affairs and one who wielded a
wide influence and his name is indelibly engraven
upon the pages of San Jose's history. He was born
in Ireland on December 15, 1830, and when he was
but a few months old his parents came to the
United States, settling in Saxonville, Mass. On
)ilarch 3, 1852, when a young man of twentj'-two
years, he sailed from Boston Harbor on a small
brig and made the trip around the Horn to Cali-
fornia. He was one of a party of about seventy
persons and they \vere eight months in completing
the vo}'age, landing at the wharf in San Francisco
on the 21st of October, 1852. Of the original com-
pany he and Mrs. William Erkson, of San Jose,
are the onl_\' survivors. Soon after reaching San
Francisco Mr. McDonald went to Auburn, Cal., wdiere
for a short time lie enga.ged in mining, but not meet-
ing with success he came to the Santa Clara Valley
and for several years devoted his attention to the
raising of grain, his farm being situated near Moun-
tain View. Subsequently he became interested in
the lumljer business in. the mountains back of Santa
Cruz and it was during this period that he had his
first glimpse of San Jose, which at that time consist-
ed of a small group of adobe houses with strin.gs
of chili peppers hanging over the doors. The vil-
la.ge was situated in the center of a vast sea of wav-
ing grain fields, with rough wagon roads and horse
trails as its onty means of communication with the
outside world. There were no orchards in the val-
ley, merely a few fruit trees scattered here and
there. While engaged in logging, cutting and haul-
ing timber to the mills in Blackburn Gulch, Mr. Mc-
Donald became acquainted with the late Duncan j\Ic-
Pherson. later editor of the Santa Cruz SciitiiwI,
whose father at that time owned and operated one
of the large logging mills.

In 1856, with ox team and wa.gon, I\[r. McDonald
started for the gold fields along the Kern River,
going by way of the Pacheco Pass, which his team
was the first to cross, this being a very rough and
hazardous route. From San Luis Hacienda, near the
Ijeginning of the pass, to Visalia, there was not a
single house in sight, Visalia itself, now a thriv-
ing and prosperous city, consisted of l)Ut seven
houses made out of shakes. He did not remain
long in those unprofitable fields, however, and in
the following year returned to Massachusetts to
visit his parents, wdio were still residing in Saxon-
ville. The trip was made both .going and comin.g
by way of the Isthmus of Panama, but when he re-
visited the East ten years later, he traveleil b)' rail.

After completing his lumbering operations at
Santa Cruz, Mr. McDonald went to San Francisco,
where he entered the employ of the I'ioneer Wool-
en Mills, there remaining until 1872, when he came
to San Jose as general manager of the old San Jose
Woolen Mills, which were located at the corner of
Hobson and San Pedro vStreets. He remained at the
head of this business for about twenty years and
soon after his resignation the mills were discon-
tinued. In August, 1887, in association with other
public-spirited citizens of San Jose, Mr. McDonald
became a member of a stock company, and for years

president, which purchased the old homestead prop-
erty of Josiah Belden, which at that time was owned
by C. H. Maddox. This consisted of eleven acres,
for which they paid the sum of $60,000, erecting
thereon the Hotel Vendome at a cost of about $400,-
000. ' This became one of the most famous hostelries
in the state, for a number of years ranking next to
the Del Monte in popularity. Mr. McDonald next
became interested in the Garden City Bank &
Trust Company, of which he remained a director
for over a quarter of a century, resigning his posi-
tion owing to impaired hearing, caused by a paralytic
stroke. His progressive spirit led him into im-
portant relations and his cooperation ever proved
an impetus for renewed and intelligently directed ef-
fort and no business concern with which he was
connected failed to advance to success. He was
a member of the State Hospital Board for Stockton
and Agnew, appointed three times by Republican
.governors and once by a Democratic.

In 1862 Mr. McDonald was united in marriage
to Miss Jeanette Jamieson, of San Mateo, Cal., but
a native of New Zealand of Scotch parentage, who
came to California in March, 1852, and their two
sons, George K. and John A. McDonald, are both
residents of San Jose, the former a director in the
Garden City Bank and the latter a contractor and
builder. The character of the work which Mr.
^McDonald did and the importance of the place to
which he attained are evidenced in the deep and
widespread esteem in which he is held. He is a
man of high ideals and exalted standards of citizen-
ship whose irreproachable character and incorrupt-
ible integrity fully entitle hiiii to the esteem he is ac-
corded by all who knew him, and his name is writ-
ten high on the roll of those who are among the
builders and promoters of California.

Mr. IMcDonald reinembers San Jose when it was
a straggling villa,ge; where stands the First National
Bank was a saloon, north of where now stands the
Bank of San Jose building was the stage office of
Hedges, Dillon & Hall, who ran a line of stages to
and from San Francisco, stages leaving each place
at 9 A. M. and arriving at their destination at 4 P. M.,
too late for the business man to transact his busi-
ness that day. and he was required to spend an entire
day at an expense of $25 or $30. Now that same
journey can be made, business transacted and dinner
eaten at home and the expense only a quarter of the
amount stated above. The present site of the Bank
of Italy was a lot overgrown with wild mustard.

PERRY W. ROBINSON.— A worthy pioneer who
iu his day and generation so well contributed to the
bettering of the world and the forwarding of all
that pertained to pro.gress that he is pleasantly re-
called by all who knew him, and the honor once
accorded him has been bestowed upon those near of
kindred still surviving, was Perry W. Robinson, a
native of Blackstone, Mass., where he was born on
April 21, 1844, although he was reared and schooled
in Rhode Island. When fourteen years of age, he
entered the cotton mills in his locality, and when
twenty-two he married Miss Anna Sheldon, who was
born at Chepachet, R. I., on August 21, 1841, the
daughter of Joseph W. and Nancy Smith (Youngs)
Sheldon. She was reared at home, and attended the
excellent Rhode Island schools; a sister, the wife of
Henry Miller, the famous land and cattle king of

U. /^r aOu^cJcl

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

403

California, had already bcfii living- several years in
California, and through tlieni Mr. and Mrs. Robin-
son became interested in the Golden Slate, and
eventually turned their laees far-westnard. In 1878
tiiey came to the coast, and the.\' at iirst settled at the
Miller home at Bloomtield Ranch, just south of Gil-
roy. !Mr. Robinson began to take an active partici-
pation in the work of the ranch, ijccoming the book-
keeper, and for ten \'ears he was secretary to the
cattle king. Later, he was made manager of the
harness shop at Bloomtield, and had full charge of
purchases, sales and repairs, — a post of considerable
responsibility and no little arduous work, considering
the number of Miller ranches supplied from that
shop, and the scale upon which Mr. Miller operated.
The Robinsons resided at Bloomfield Ranch until
1911, when they removed to Gilroy, where they had
already acciuired a line residence at the corner of
Eighth and Eigleberry streets, and there they con-
tinued to live happily together until November 4,
1916, when ilr. Robinson passed away, mourned by
a wide circle who had found in him an ideal man.
One son, Albert, had blessed their unon, and he died
at the age of eight years. Mrs. Robinson, an oc-
togenarian, and a fine type of true Christian woman-
hood, is hale and hearty, the center of a group of
admiring and devoted friends.

JAMES H. LYNDON.— A faithful, efficient public
official, wdiose record for unchallenged public-spirit-
edness and personal bravery, and also for exception-
ally high integrity, was such that his name will al-
ways be held in esteem, was the late James H.
Lyndon, for more than forty years a resident of Los
Gatos, and from 1894 to 1898 sheriff of Santa Clara
County — than wdiom, perhaps, there never was a
doughtier, or one more deserving of the wide popu-
larity which he enjoyed. He was born in Grand
Isle County, Vt, on May 6, 1847, the son of Samuel
and Polly Caroline Lyndon, with whom he lived
until he was sixteen years of age, attending the
district school and enjoying the comforts of an old-
fashioned Yankee home. Then, in 1863, he made
his way to Burlington and enlisted in the Fifth Ver-
mont Infantry, where he was promptly rejected by
the inspecting officer on account of his age. The
next year he succeeded both in getting to Massachu-
setts and in getting accepted as a member of Com-
panj' I, Twenty-first Massachusetts Infantry, after
which, with some 300 other recruits, he was sent to
Galloupe's Island, in Boston Harbor, and from there,
after six weeks of drill, despatched to Annapolis, to
join his regiment, which was attached to the Ninth
Army Corps, commanded by Gen. Ambrose E. Burn-
side. Young Lyndon remained in Annapolis until
the middle of April, when he w-as ordered to join his
regiment at the front; and, marching by wa3r of
Washington, D. C, he and his comrades overtook
the Second Division of the Ninth Corps, near the
Rapidan, just before the battles of the Wilderness.
He participated in these battles and in those of
Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor, in which latter en
gagement his regiment suffered heavy losses; and
after the battle of Cold Harbor, the Ninth Corps was
ordered to City Point, where for several months the
Army of the Potomac invested Petersburg. After
the capture of several of the outposts, with heavy
losses, the city of Petersburg fell, after a siege of

se\eral months, h'rom Petersburg the Army of the
Potomac followed Lee's army for several days, the
Ninth Corps going as far as Farmville, which they
reached on April 8, 1865, and the next day General
Lee surrendered his army to General Grant, which
practically closed the war. The Ninth Corps lay at
Earniville lor about a week, wdien it was ordered to
City Point, wdicre, after a week or ten days, trans-
ports were furnislied them and they were sent to
Akwandria, A^a. They remained just back of that
town, near Fairfax Seminary, until after the grand
review of the armies of Grant and Sherman in Wash-
ington, in wdiich James Lyndon participated; and
after that he went into cainp again for two or three
weeks, wdien his regiment was ordered home, and he
was mustered out and .given his honorable discharge
at Reedville, }\Iass., in y\ugust, 1865.

i\Ir. Lyndon then, with a natural yearning for the
scenes of his boyhood, returned to his old home in
Vermont; and in 1866 he attended the Academy at
Albur.g Springs and for two terms supplemented his
schooling. California and its lure had seized his im-
a.gination; and in December, 1868, he started via the
Panama route, arriving in San Francisco January
23, 1869. His brother, John AV. Lyndon, wdio was
James' senior by eleven j'cars and had come out to
California in 1859, had preceded him to Los Gatos
and had established there a lumber yard, where later
the Wilcox House and the railroad depot stood; and
James hurried to Los Gatos and accepted a position
as clerk in John's employ. In 1872 he bought his
brother's business and ran it for a year, when John
bought an interest in it, and returned to his former
activity; a year later, James sold his interest to John,
and embarked in hotel management at the Ten Mile
House, later known as the Los Gatos Hotel, which
he made more and more famous as a hostelry, until
he sold out in 1875. He again clerked for his brother,
remaining with him until 1883; but in that year he
set up in the lumber business for himself near the
depot in Los Gatos, wdiich business he continued to
manage for years.

!Mr. Lyndon was best known, perhaps, particularly
in San Jose, as the broad-minded Republican sheriff
of Santa Clara County, an office he filled most cred-
itably. LTnder President Harrison, he was also post-
master of Los Gatos, and he had the honor of serv-
ing as the mayor of that law-abiding town, and he
was a member of the board of town trustees. He
was in active member of Los Gatos Lodge No. 282,
F. & A. M., and of Ridgley Lodge, I. O. O. F., and
he belonged to the Ancient Order Lhiited Workmen;
he was past post commander of the E. O. C. Ord
Post of the G. A. R.

At San Jose, on August 12, 1873, James H. L?'ndon
was married to Miss Anna J. Murdoek, a native of
Ontario, and she and five of their children wdio still
survive, cheered by their lives and affection the sturdy
pioneer when he breathed his last, on March 28, 1912,
one of the most widely known and best-beloved citi-
zens of the countJ^ These w'orthy sons and daugh-
ters are: James Lloyd Lyndon of San Jose; Wil-
liam W. Lyndon of San Francisco; Clarence H..
]\Irs. Ray Lyndon Lee, and Mrs. May Nichols of
Los Gatos, and Mrs. Hazel Ryland of Oakland.
Santa Clara County today owes much of its present
prosperity and greatness to men like Mr. Lyndon, for
by enduring hardships and indefati.gable work and

40+

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

true optimism they paved the way that the future
generations may enjoy. Mr. Lyndon was very active
and energetic and was ever to be found a leader in
the vanguard of progress.

BENJAMIN O. CURRY.— Foremost among the
enterprising and progressive men of affairs in Santa
Clara County, where he is a successful horticulturist,
banker and realty operator, is Benjamin O. Curry,
\\ho came to California nearly a half century ago.
He was engaged in mining for about twenty years,
when he purchased land at Campbell, which he im-
proved and during these years he also built up a
large clientele in the realty business, in all of which
he has attained signal and splendid success.

A native of Norway, Mr. Curry was born May 7,
1852, being reared on a farm and in that healthy
atmosphere grew up to be a strong athletic young
man, at the same time receiving a good education
in the public schools of his native heath. Not sat-
isfied with the the narrow confines of that country,
he resolved to cast in his lot with the land of the
Stars and Stripes, of which he had heard, as well as
read, good reports. Arriving in New York City in
1872, he made his way to Marquette County, Mich.,
where for a period of about two years he followed
mining. In March, 1874, he came to California and
proceeded to Eureka County, Nev., where he pros-
pected and mined for ten years. During these years
he studied the English language, completing a course
at the Eureka Business College. In his prospecting
he became one of the discoverers of the Black Rock
mining district in Nevada, which in time proved a
valuable mining field. His operations nicluded both
Eureka and White Pine counties. In 1884 he came
to Eldorado County, Cal, engaging in mining on
the mother lode, acquiring and operating quartz
gold mines as well as timber lands in the high
Sierras, where he spent the summers.

Mr. Curry was married in Eldorado County in
1891, being united with Miss Carrie HakemoUer, a
native daughter of Eldorado County, where her par-
ents were very early pioneers, a union that has
proven a very happy one. During his years of min-
ing Mr. Curry's vacations were spent in dilTerent
parts of California looking for a permanent location.
One vacation was spent in Santa Clara Valley and
his admiration was so great he decided on it for a
permanent home. In 1891 he purchased land near
Campbell and began improvements by setting but an
orchard and building a residence and other necessary
buildings. While his orchard was growing he saw
the possibilities in the real estate business and started
dealing in farm and city property at Campbell, and
he is now one of the prominent real estate men in
the county. After several years of successful busi-
ness, the town grew with the surrounding country
and he saw the need of a business liuilding; he
planned and erected the Curry Building, a modern
two-story brick and concrete lousiness block. It is
centrally located on a corner and artistically de-
signed after the mission style so as to ]iresent a
beautiful appearance to cither street. In this build-
ing are located some of the most important offices
of the city, among them, the post office, a drug store,
and his own real estate office, and a nuniljcr of
others on the second floor. A few years ago Mr.
Curry bought ei.ghty acres on llnion Avenue, known

as the Fountain P'arm, there being forty acres in
vineyard and forty acres in French prunes. He also
had a ten-acre orchard in the foothils near Los
Gatos, so for years he operated 100 acres of orchard
and vineyard. He has since disposed of all but his
home place on Park avenue. He has been the presi-
dent of the Improvement Club, which was organized
in the interests of the city and he also served as
school trustee for nine years. He was the promoter
of a new business block in Campbell, now occupied
by the Growers' National Bank, a moving picture
theater, and three stores. This building cost more
than $60,000, a great improvement to the city — it
not only made a beautiful office building, but lends
an atmosphere of prosperity that makes an impres-
sion on travelers looking for locations. In 1920 Mr.
Curry was one of the principal organizers of the
Growers' National Bank, which has been a success
and fills a local long felt want and he has been the
president since its organization.

Mr. Curr_v, with his wife and three children, re-
sides on the old home place. Myrtle was educated
at the Conservatory of Music of the College of the
Pacific, afterwards studying under celebrated violin-
ists, and has become an accomplished musician.
Olva and Ethel graduated from the San Jose State
Normal and for several years were engaged in edu-
cational work. The Curry home is attractive, show-
ing much culture and refinement and here they make
their numerous friends welcome with a true Califor-
nia hospitality. Politically Mr. Curry is a Republi-
can and cast his first vote for Gen. LI. S. Grant. He
is a member of the San Jose Chamber of Commerce,
as well as a charter member of the San Jose Com-
mercial Club. He is also a member of the State Real
F'state Association. As stated above, he is an ex-
president of the Campbell Improvement Club and
has been an Odd Felllow since 1876; he was one of
the organizers of Morning Light Lodge No. 42,
I. O. O. F., Campbell. The California Automobile
Association also numljers him among its members
and he has always been a strong advocate of good
roads. Mr. Curry has always been a booster for
cooperation, believing it is the only way to make a
success of the marketing of fruits, thus he has been
a member of every cooperative fruit organization in
llie valley, at present being a member and ardent
supporter of the California Prune & Apricot Growers,
Inc. With his wife and daughters, Mr. Curry is a
member of the Congregational Church at Camp-
bell, and he is a liberal contributor to its benevo-
lences. A man of pleasing personality, Mr. Curry
is liberal and kind-hearted and has ever been ready
to assist those less fortunate than himself, and all
moveinents that have for their aim the upbuilding
of the town and county receive his hearty support.

WILLIAM B. HOBSON.— For nearly three-
quarters of a century the Hobson family have been
closely associated w-ith Santa Clara County, of which
William B. Hobson is a native and for many years
was engaged in the mercantile business in San Jose.
He first saw the light on November 11, 1857, in a
house that stood on the present site of Luna Park,
and was the son of George and Sarah P. (Speinhour)
Hobson. The Hobsons are of Southern extraction,
George having been born in North Carolina in Feb-
ruary, 1823. At an early age he migrated into Mis-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

407

souri and there met and married Miss Speinhour,
like himself a native of North Carolina, born on May
18, 1828, and they were married on January 10, 1847.
Early in the spring of that same year they started
for the then unknown West, travelling with an
emigrant train of sixty wagons by way of Forts
Laramie and Hall and arrixing at Johnson's ranch,
near the present site of the city of Sacramento in
October, having taken about six months to complete
the jotn-ney. They soon came on down into the
Santa Clara \ allc\", but did not tarry long lure,
going to Monterey, then the capital of California.
They only stopped there a few months and during the
time their eldest child was born, and then came back
to San lose in January, 1849, and this city and county
has ever since been the scene of the activity of the
Hobson family.

George Hobson tried his luck in the mines and
met with gratifying results. He and his companions
struck a rich lead and from one pocket alone each
man washed out $1,000 in three days. Two years
of mining satisfied ]\Ir. Hobson and he returned to
Santa Clara County and turned his attention to
ranching, which was conducted in a very primitive
fashion in those days, a great deal of the manual
labor being done by the Indians. San Jose was then
a squalid village, made up of adobe huts and the
majority of inhabitants were Spanish and unedu-
cated Mexicans. ^Ir. Hobson followed farming and
also engaged in the dairy business, running the first
milk wagon ever seen on the streets of the town.
In 1861 he moved his family to what is now known
as Luna Park, where he owned about 1.200 acres;
two j'ears later he moved to a ranch of 160 acres
upon which was an adobe house and in later years
this section was subdivided and became a part of
San Jose, and Hobson Street, near where the ranch
house was located, was named in honor of George
Hobson. Here he and his wife with their three sons
established their home, which soon became the center
of hospitality of the English-speaking residents of
the town. There were nine children in the family,
of whom two sons and four daughters reached
mature years. Thaddeus died in 1911; those now
living are William B.; Mrs. Mary Henderson; Mrs.
Annie Botsford; Mrs. Martha Macauley; and Mrs.
Sadie Connel. George Hobson died in 1892 and Mrs.
Hobson passed away in 1919, having reached the
good old age of ninety-one.

William B. Hobson attended the public school and
the old San Jose Institute and after quitting school
he worked on a ranch for three years. Finding ranch
life not to his liking, he came to San Jose and in
1876 bought out the clothing business of Obanion &
Kent, who had established the business in 1875. Mr.
Hobson carried on the store alone until 1882, when
he took his brother, T. W. Hobson, in as a partner,
and they carried on the business under the firm name
of T. W. Hobson & Company, which continued active
under the inspiriting influence of the two Hobsons
until W. B. retired in 1921. The reputation of the
firm for square dealing, strict business integrity and
reliability enabled them to build up a large and
successful trade among all classes of people.

The marriage of W. B. Hobson uniting him with
Miss Marguerite O'Shaughnessy, occurred in San
Jose on January 13, 1886. He is a member of the
Chamber of Commerce and takes an active interest
in every movement that has for its aim the building

up of San lose and Santa Clara County. He is a
charter member of San Jose Parlor No. 22 N S

to the National Un.on. In his younger days he
served for some years in the State Militia. Popular
as a citizen, genial in disposition, while a man of

arge mtercst.s, he has never allowed himself to
become completely absorbed ,n business, but has

ound tune tor the pleasures of out-door life and is
toad ot hunling, hshing, and Irapshooting.

SAMUEL M. OUSLEY._A representative type
of the P.oneers of the early days was found in
Samuel M Ousley (some members of the family spell
1 Owsley , who came to California in 1853, braving
the hardships of a trip across the plains and the
linvat.ons of the early pioneers of the county He
was born m Kentucky, February 18, 1813. On Jan-
uary 11 18J7, he was united in marriage with Miss
Llecta Rockwell, a native of Connecticut but a
resident of Ontario County, N. Y., and in 1839 he
removed with his family to Andrew County Mo
where he resided until 1852. By this time the 'stories
ot the wonderful opportunities of the Golden State
had reached into every village and citv east of the
Rocky Mountains, and every place added its number
to the emigrant trains which were continually leav-
mg for California. Mr. Ousley with his wife and
seven^ children joined one of these trains, and after
experiencing the hardships of so long a journey,
arrived at Sat Lake City. The family stopped at 'a
Government fort ninety miles this side of that citv
during the winter, and in the following spring con-
tinued their journey, arriving at Deer Creek, near
Placerville, in July, 1853. The next March they left
this p ace and settled in Gilroy, Santa Clara Countv
1 he land titles being doubtful, he simply located
his home and turned his cattle upon the open pas-
tures, with the understanding that he would buy
when the title was made clear. This did not happen
during his lifetime, as on October 1, 1855, he was
killed by the falhng of a bucket while .vorking in
a wel on Captain Angney's farm, and the mother
was left the sole provider for a large familv-six
daughters and three sons: Sarah J. married Joseph
H. Ihomas, and died, leaving a family of three chil-
dren; Caroline E. married I. Horace Thomas, and
has one livmg child; Emma E. became Mrs. Francis
Hoey, and died, the mother of nine children seven
living; John S., deceased; Porter W. and Bryant R
twins, the former living at home; M. Anna, at home'
Mary Electa, born on Goose Creek, on the border
of California, and Clara M., a native daughter of
Santa Clara County. Left as she was in a strange
land and with her almost helpless family, the eldest
girl being only sixteen years old, her farm unpur-
chased, Mrs. Ousley never once despaired. She went
on from year to year, carrying her burden alone,
watching carefully the moral as well as the physical
training of her children; and each doing his or her
share to keep the family together and help in its
support, every year adding a little to the estate. She
paid txvice for her farm of 630 acres, erected good
buildings, gathered around her the comforts of life,
and lived until November 12, 1900, aged eighty-four
years and five months, in the midst of her grown-up
family in the twilight of life, with the assurance of
a life well spent in service for others.

408

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

YGNACIO BERNAL,— One of the best loved men
in Santa Clara County, Ygnacio Bernal, was born on
February 25, 1841, in tlie same adobe house on the
v^anta Teresa Rancho where his father, Don Bruno
Bernal first saw the light, and he died on April 22,
1906. Between these dates he helped materially to
develop his native county and to uphold tire traditions
of the Spanish Dons of the earlier period.

His grandfather, Joaquin Bernal, was sent to Mex-
ico and California in 1769 by Carlos III of Spain, to
investigate the mineral wealth of the country as a
mining engineer and assayer and for the valuable
services he gave bis sovereign he was granted fa^'ors
and had his pick of land grants in California. He
selected Santa Teresa, which consisted of 10,000 acres,
and part of this is still in the possession of the Bernal
heirs. When Joaquin Bernal petitioned the Mexican
government in 18,i4 to have the title confirmed he
stated that he was ninety-four years old, had a "pos-
terity of seventN'-eigbt children," had "2,100 head of
cattle, 1,200 slieep, three marcs and fifty tame horses."
This is one of the very few grants in the state that
has not passed entirely out of the family to which it
was first granted, there still being 374 acres of tlie
most valuable land in the county owned 1)\- the
Ygnacio Bernal famil>-. Joaijuin Bernal had been
educated at Barcelona, Spain, and was a very brilliant
man of parts. He married Josefa Sanchez, who lived
to be 110 years old and at that age she was alile to
thread needles for her grandchildren.

Among the children of Joaquin Bernal and his
wife, we mention Bruno Bernal, grandfather of the
present generation of Bernals now living on the ranch.
He was liorn there in an adobe house in 1800 and in
his time was one of the prominent men of tlie locality
and entertained \vith tlie true Spanish hospitality. He
succeeded to part of the Santa Teresa acres and de-
voted much of his time to raising horses. At the time
when General I'Vemont made his expedition through
California he and Captain Weber took .i()0 broken
horses, some of the best in the state, for their soldiers
and forgot to pay for them. Bruno Bernal married
Antonio Maria Ortega, one of the heirs of eleven
leagues of land known as the San Ysidro (.".rant, part
upon which the city of Gilroy was built, but through
neglect she never got any part of her inheritance.
Over the Santa Teresa hills is situated the San Yin-
cente Rancho, granted to Jose Berryessa, who mar-
ried one of Joaquin Bernal's daughters. This is one
of the richest grants in the state, for upon it is located
the Alinaden mines that have been producing quick-
silver for ninety years and the total in dollars runs
into the millions. It was once abandoned by Antonio
Sunol after he had spent $400 in trying to develop it.
Mrs. Berryessa sold it for $60,000 to the Almadcn
Mining Company, which now owns a .great part of
the land. Upon the Bernal ranch is situated the Santa
Teresa Spring, noted for its medicinal qualities and
for the fact that it never ceased to flow its usual
amount, no matter what period of the year. These
springs are visited by many each year.

Ygnacio Bernal attended the vSanta Clar.a College in
1854-5-6, and was among the first students there after
it was established. He was one of the gold medal
students for his standing in classes and high grade
upon completing his courses there. Returning to the
ranch he acted as secretary to his father and virtually

managed the affairs of the ranch, as he was quick at
figures and an expert linguist, speaking fluently four
languages. At the age of nineteen he was united in
marriage with Miss Jesusita Patron, born in Lower
California and who came here with her brother. Dur-
ing their trip tliey were lost for about three months,
but arrived in safety at Monterey. At the time of her
marriage she was sixteen years old. They were par-
ents of nine children, five of wdiom are still living:
Pedro A., the discoverer of the marl deposits on the
home ranch; Ynez, widow of S. F. Agraz and the
mother of a son, Urbano; Salvador I'\, is married and
has a daughter Jane, he is a resident of this county;
Miss Jacolja P., is at home \\'itli her mother; Antonio
A., is married and resides at Madrone and has a son,
."Xntonio A., Jr. The following children have passed
away: ^'giiacio, Dionicio and Anita C. Mrs. Bernal
resides at the home place and to her is given great
credit for rearing her family and keeping the ranch
ownership in the Bernal family. Mr. Bernal was
devoted to his wife and family, and in their forty-five
>-ears of married life lie was only separated from her
al)Out a month, when he went to Mexico as an inter-
preter. He was a man of imposing appearance, kindly
disposition, lovable nature and was a friend of every
one who knew him. He planted the first orchard in
this section, had the foresight to see that the fruit
industry- must become the largest branch of industry
in this county and had implicit confidence in it.

The Bernal family are prominently associated with
the present day development of the county, they be-
lieve in progress and are pul)lic spirited and sup-
porters of all w orthy projects for the general advance-
ment of the counti', where they hold an honored posi-
tion. Tliey are devout Catholics. The family have
many relics of the days of Spanish occupation which
have been plowed up on the ranch and which are
valued very liighly liy them, among them a sweet-
toned bell that the herd mare wore, also old Spanish
spurs used in breaking wild horses, house keys, etc.

As a matter of interest and romance there is sup-
posed to be buried on the Santa Teresa ranch a treas-
ure of $10,000. This money belonged to an old French
saddle maker, Changarra by name, who came to the
ranch in the '30s and Don Bruno Bernal gave the
man a place in an adobe where he could carry on his
work. Not only did he make saddles for Mr. Bernal
])ut many which he sold. As he would get some forty
or fifty made up he would start out and dispose of
them, going as far south as Santa Barbara. He made
serviceable saddles, not the ornate gold and silver
mounted kind that tlie Spanish Dons used for their
trips and visits. The Frenchman made considerable
money and as there were no banks Changarra buried
his cash, changing its hiding place every time he
added to the hoard. He was known to have accumu-
lated $10,000 when he made his last journey to dispose
of bis wares. On his way back from Santa Barbara,
between Paso Robles and Bakersfield, he camped for
the night, sleeping under an o;ik tree. In the morning
he was found dead and the buried treasure on the
Bernal ranch at once Ijccame an object of search, but
to this day it has not been recovered and people have
been searching for it ever since the death of "Old
Changarra." Seers, mediums, occult persons have
been sought in hopes of disclosing the hiding place
Init it still remains "buried treasure."

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA C<JLIN'JA'

4i:

ROYAL COTTLE, Sr.- A sturdy iiuiiuht oI IukIi
ideals and plL-nty of inspiriiii,;- i-onruk'iu'c in the ret;ion
of his adoption was the kite Ro>'al Cottle, whose
good works will long eontinne their uplifting inllu-
enee. .\ native of Missouri, and of St. Charles
Count>", he was horn on ilareh 27, 181(1, the sou of
Oliver Cottle, who luiil married Miss Charity Lowe,
a native of Wrniont. Grandfather Cottle, also a Ver-
monter. hail pitched his tent in ilissouri so early that
it yet hclongcd to the Province of Louisiana, and
hnilt a mill on Garden Creek, m St. Charles County.
Charity Lowe was a helle of Tennessee, and she and
Oliver Cottle were married, according to primitive
documents, in Missouri. They liad twelve children,
and Royal was the eldest, and wdien his father died
of yellow fever while on a trip through the South, he
led the \\ a\ , \vith his mother and the rest oi the
famil\-, in 1833, into 13es Afoines County, Iowa,
where they hecame some of the earliest pioneers of
the Hawkeye State.

There, too. on October 12, L84L he and ^Iiss
Sarah Parker, a daughter of Ohio, were united in
marriage, and two children were born to them —
Frank and Charles, hi 1847, t'sc Cottles joined 100
or more emi.grants and crossed the .great plains to
the Oregon Territor}-, and in that state Mr. Cottle
continued a,gricultural pursuits, and he also devoted
part of his time to a small grist and saw mill, in
which he had a partnership interest. A daughter,
Sarah Cordelia Cottle. \\ho later married Chas.
Hight, was born during these pioneer days in Ore-
gon, and there ^Irs. Cottle passed away on the eight-
eenth of December, 1848.

The discovery of gold in California brouglu }ilr.
Cottle south with the rest of the Argonauts; and
having joined John S. David in partnership, they
built and opened a store in Sacramento. They paid
$700 per thousand for lumber, and gave the day
laborer ten dollars for his help. After a short time,
however, ^Ir. Cottle sold out his interest to his part-
ner, and in the fall of 1849 made his way back to
Oregon, where he believed the more stable conditions
superior to those of the panicky gold regions. In
1857, however, he came once inore to California and
settled in San Jose, this time bringing his family.
Before leaving the Beaver State, however, he had
taken his second wife. Miss Mary Bryant before her
marriage; and among their four children, Mrs. An-
nette Weatherford, Royal, Jr., and Mrs. Alice
Erick, were the three to grow to maturity. The
former is the only one to survive.

Mr. Cottle did not remain long in San Jose, but
went to Gilroy, and from there to San Benito, where
he bought a stock ranch; and having sold this, he
purchased 140 acres of land in the Willow district,
and there set up his hearth. He paid only $15 per
acre for his tract, which has become of such appre-
ciated value by his improvements, that in the late
'80s it was assessed at $1,200 per acre. He later
bought additional land, and became one of the pio-
neer grain-growers of the neighborhood, and he was
also one of the first hereabouts to grow successfully
and extensively various kinds of fruit, and to have
an orchard that was a show-place.

Leading an active industrial and business life, Mr.
Cottle became prominent in public affairs, and as
early as 1853 he was elected to the Oregon Legisla-
ture. He was a Whig of the Henry Clay school
until the great movement began for a new organiza-

tion, and then he naturally became one of the found-
ers of the Repuhlicaii p.arty. Having staked his all
in the last section ui Ins choice for a home, lie do-
nated tin- site f(ir the lirst public school in Willow Glen
dl^trict; ,-ind for many years he served as one of the
school trustees of the local nistitution, in whose ele-
mentary classes all of his younger sons and daugh-
ter, and also his grandcliihircn, were educated. Sad
enough is it to relate, therefore, of one whose life
was so exemplary and fruitful for others, that Royal
Cottle met with an accident in the summer of 1891
uhich terminated his useful career. He was driving
near his home in The Willows when his horses ran
awa\', ami the result of tli'' injuries wdiich he re-
ceived^ was fatal. He \\'as laid to rest in the Oak
Hdl Cemetery, mourned b>' hundreds, and his mem-
ory will be kept green, particularly by the Santa
Clara Pioneer Association, of wdiich he was an hon-
ored member.

ANTONIO MONTOYA.— A worthy pioneer of
Santa Clara Couiit\- who settled in the vicinity of
Morgan Hill in 1873 was Antonio jMontoya, whose
activities as a rancher added much to the prosperity
and advancement of his locality. He was a na-
tive ol Old Mexico born near the frontier of the
State of Sonora on January 17, 1837. He was the
son of Ygnacio Montoya, who was an extensive land
owner and stockraiser, who lost his life in defense
of his family and properly in one of the Indian raids
in 1847. In 1849 Antonio made a trip to California
and the Santa Clara Valley; but the following year
he returned to Mexico to get a sister but w-as de-
la\-ed returning to California on account of the chol-
era. In 1851 he returned to San Jose and worked as
a farm hand; he was also engaged in hauling lum-
ber from the mills in the Santa Cruz mountains to
San Jose and to the New Almaden mines.

Air. Montoya's marriage occurred on ?,larch 31.
1869, and united him with Miss Maria Pelar Placida
Zepada, a native of San Jose, born October 6, 1853.
in an adobe house at the corner of Market and Pierce
streets. She is the daughter of Peter Zepada, a native
of Mexico City, wdio had removed to Northern Cali-
fornia in the early '40s; he finally located in San Jose
and in time became a large landowner in the county.
He married Miss Carmen Alartinez, who died in San
Jose, as did her husband. Mrs. Montoya was reared
and schooled in San Jose grammar school and the
College of Notre Dame. Mr. and Mrs. Montoya
were the parents of twelve children: Antonio, at
home: Charles, at home; William is married and has
two children and they reside at Coalinga; Alargaret
is the wife of John Juarez and they have three chil-
dren and reside in Los Gatos; Alfred is at home; Al-
bert served six months in the U. S. Army in the
World War. and is at home; Alexander served in
the XJ. S. Army six months, and is at home; Virginia
lives at home and is a devoted attendant to her aged
mother. Daniel. David. Amelia and Charles all died
in infancy. The sons all work together at raiichin.g
and running a hay press.

In 1873 the family remo\'ed to the Uvas Canyon
near Morgan Hill, where Mr. Montoya acquired 197
acres in the forest of the Uvas. among the redwoods
and madrone trees. The work of clearin.g and de-
veloping the land was gradually accomplished and
thirty acres were planted to vineyard; a fine prune
orchard has been planted and within a few years

4L

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

will be a profitable venture. In 1900 the residence
was erected and has been the scene of many joyful
gatherings of relatives and friends. Mr. Montoya
passed away at the age of seventy-nine, February 13,
1916, an esteemed and respected citizen, a resident of
this county for nearly half a century.

JOHN H. PIEPER.— It is uUeresting to chronicle
the life history of the educated and accomplished
man who willingly gives his whole time, coupled
with his ability, knowledge and experience, to the
permanent upbuilding of the city of his adoption, and
whose every effort is to enhance the comfort and
happiness of the people. Such a man was the late
John H. Pieper, city engineer and surveyor of San
Jose up to the time of his death in 1888.

He was born m Hanover, Germany, May 3, 1824,
where he attended the grammar and high schools,
subsequently graduating from the Polytechnic College
in Hanover, where he finished the course in civil and
mining engineering. After completing his military
services in the royal forces, he emigrated to the
United States, first taking up his residence in New
York City. He was a farsighted and sagacious busi-
ness man, and it was largely through his efforts that
Central Park was secured for that city. As a civil
engineer he suggested and pointed out to the author-
ities the advantage to the Metropolis of such a pro-
ject and assisted in laying out the park, now one of
the most noted recreation centers in the United
States. Soon after completing his work in connec-
tion with Central Park he accepted a position as
mining engineer m Aianposa County, Cal., and came
hither, arriving m the state m 1805. He remained
in iViariposa bounty until 1867, when he came to San
jose, where his ability was soon recognized and he
was made city engineer and surveyor, continuing to
act in that capacity until his demise, rendering valu-
able service to the city. He erected the old electric
tower, also constructed the sewer system and did
everytning m his power to improve and develop the
cuy oi ban jose, and he stood out prominently for
progress aau enterprise.

in aan Jose Air. Pieper tormed the acquaintance
ot Aiiss Auele huzabetn Jdotlman, a native of Hesse-
L,assel, Germany, a lady ol mucii cuuure and rehne-
ment, who nad aiso come to Saii Jose in 18o/. i ne
tnendsnip was mutual and resulted iii their marriage
m iooo, a union tnat proved very nappy. Ai iVir.
i'leper s passing in 18o8 he was survived by his
widow and six children, wno are all mentioned in
tne biography ot ;urs. /\dele lihzabeth Pieper im-
mediately lohoRing lu this work.

Aside from his profession Mr. Pieper found time
to enter into horticulture, in which he was intensely
interested, owning a thirteen-acre ranch in the Santa
Clara valley devoted to prunes, apricots and peaches,
and he did his part to build up the horticultural in-
terests of the county. He was a stanch Repubhcan
in his political views, and fraternally he was a mem-
ber of the Odd Fellows and Legion of Honor in San
Jose. Throughout the entire period of his residence
in San Jose he took a most active and helpful part
in the work of progress and improvement and left
the impress of his individuality for good upon many
lines of the city's development. He was a man of

pleasing personality and much business acumen, who
would have been an acquisition to any community,
his irreproachable character and integrity no less than
his achievements giving him a commanding position
and compelling his recognition as one destined to
lead in anything he undertook. He was charitable
and kind and everyone who knew this refined and
cultured gentleman loved and esteemed him.

MRS. ADELE ELIZABETH PIEPER.— Among

the well-known and highly respected residents of
San Jose was numbered Mrs. Adele Elizabeth Pieper,
who for over half a century had made her home in
this city, with whose development and upbuilding
the family name is inseparably associated. She was
born in Hesse-Cassel, Germany, a daughter of Lud-
wig Hoffman, a prominent merchant of that city,
and received every possible educational advantage,'
becoming an accomplished linguist and pianist. Tak-
ing up the profession of teaching, she became promi-
nent as an educator in the capitals of Europe, leaving
Paris for London, where she became a tutor among
the families of the nobility. She was most success-
ful in her educational work, standing at the top of
her profession. About 1867 she came to the United
States, making the journey to California by way of
the Isthmus of Panama, and located in San Jose. In
1868 she was married here to John H. Pieper, who
was born in Hanover, Germany, May 3, 1824, coming
to California in 1865 and to San Jose in 1867, and as
a surveyor he gave faithful service as city engineer
until his death, which occurred in 1888. Mr. and
ilrs. John H. Pieper were the parents of six chil-
dren: The eldest son, Charles, was graduated from
the School of Engineering in San Francisco,
and a few years after his father's death he was made
city engineer and surveyor, retaining this position
until his death, October 1, 1910, proving a worthy
successor to his father; he was a member of the San
Jose lodge of Masons and was a Republican. He
had married Miss Minnie Blakemore and they be-
came the parents of one child, Marcicle E. Oscar H.
IS engaged in the manufacturing of dental sup-
plies at Rochester, N. V. Tecla attended the San
Jose State Normal, but was never engaged in teach-
ing, her time being spent presiding over her home,
caring for her mother until the latter's demise; Al-
phonse is associated with his brother, Oscar, in the
manufacturing business in Rochester, N. Y. He is
married and has a son, Arthur O. Ernest is a grad-
uate from a dental college in San Francisco and was
a prominent dentist in San Jose until he accepted
the management of the Braslan Seed Growers Com-
pany, Inc., of San Jose. He married Miss Ray Gag-
liardo, and they have a son, Ernest O. Olga became
Mrs. Chas. P. Braslan and the mother of a daughter,
Olga. Mr. Braslan passed away in 1910.

Mrs. Adele Pieper passed away in November 13,
1919, and her memory is enshrined in the hearts of
all who knew her. The spirit of helpfulness seemed
to find embodiment in her and no task seemed too
difficult when it would alleviate suffering or add to
the happiness of those about her. The name of
Pieper is one of long and close association with the
development and upbuilding of San Jose and it will
remain an honored one in the annals of the city.

PnSTORY OF SAN'1\A CLARA COUNTY

415

ELBERT JOSEPH WILCOX.— A momlxr of a
family that lias liocn closel> ideiUilied with the
history of San Jose for almost seventy years, filbert
Joseph Wilcox was born in San Jose, February 12,
1873, and has continuously resided in this section of
the country. He is a son of the late Elbert Joseph
Wilcox, Sr., a California pioneer of 1853, who was
born in Middletown, Conn.. July 19. 1829. and re-
mained in his native state until he was twenty-three.
In October, 1852, accompanied b>- his liride, he took
passage on the P'lyinL; Dutchman and sailed around
the Horn, arriving in San Francisco January 29,
1853, after a voyage of 100 da\-s. Upon arrival he
immediately joined his wife's brother. J. O. McKee.
in San Jose. During the >-ear of 1856 he purchased
an interest in a grocery business, but two years
later sold out and became one of the proprietors of
the Morgan House on the northwest corner First and
San Fernando, well known as the stopping place of
the stage on its wa}- to and from San Francisco.
.\fter a time he purchased his partner's interest and
bought the site, and in 1867 he replaced the build-
mg with a portion of the present brick structure. In
1871 he erected the Wilcox block, on the same site,
and the same year he bought the shoe stock of Mc-
Gowen and Company, and moved it to his new build-
ing, where he conducted a shoe business until his
retirement in September, 1899. Elbert J. Wilcox's
marriage occurred in Middletown. Conn, in 1852,
united him with Miss Sarah Maria McKce, a native
of Middletown, and during girlhood a student in
Meriden Female Seminary. Her father. Capt. Jo-
seph O. McKee, a seafaring man, brought the barque
Isabella around the Horn in 1849, and with him
caine his son. J. O. McKee. He liked the country and
sent for his family to join him and they also caine
out on the Flj'ing Dutchman.

Mr. and Mrs. Wilcox were the parents of six chil-
dren, three of whom are living. Anna K., a grad-
uate of Gates Institute; Edith, the wife of Judge
W. A. Beasly of San Jose; and Elbert Joseph, Jr.,
the subject of this sketch. Formerly Mr. Wilcox, Sr.,
was a member of the Board of Trade, later ac-
tively connected with the Chamber of Commerce.
In national politics a pronounced Republican, he
was elected to represent the fourth ward in the city
council. On the organization of the free library,
he became a member of the board of trustees and
continued in that position for fifteen years. He was
always keenly interested in the meetings of the Santa
Clara County Pioneer Association and was an hon-
ored member. Mrs. Wilcox passed away in June.
1904, followed by her husband in April, 1918.

Elbert Joseph Wilcox, of this review, was edu-
cated in the grammar and high schools, later attend-
ing the University of the Pacific, and in 1901 he
graduated from the school of Mechanical Arts of
San Francisco. After his graduation he entered the
employ of the American Can Company in San Fran-
cisco as draftsman, and remained with them for nine
years; since then, the management of his father's
estate has demanded his full attention, and large-
ly through his energy and industry, the property is
becoming more valuable each succeeding year. Po-
litically he is a strong Republican and is a mem-
ber of the Chamber of Commerce. He is treas-
urer of the First Presbyterian Church of San Jose.
Always taking an active part in all public measures.

Mr. Wilcox has sought ni every way to advance the
interests of his native city.

HENRY J. B. WRIGHT, M. D.— Prominent
.■imong the eminent representatives of the medical
I>rofession in California wdiose influence has been
iclt, to the blessing of many, beyond the confines
of the state and also outside of their own immediate
held of activity, was the late Dr. Henry J. B. Wright,
whose illuminating publications relative to the ad-
vantages of Santa Clara County have proven of such
help in the vigorous campaigning by the San Jose
Chamber of Commerce. A \vide-awake Hoosier, he
was born in Rush County, Ind., on March 18, 1851,
the son of the Rev. l{phraini Wright, a faithful and
scholarly clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, who had married Miss Polly Buckley. They
had five children, and the subject of our sketch was
the youngest in the family. He attended the local
l)ul)lic schools and Moore's Hill College, in Indiana.
Later he was graduated from the Cincinnati College
of Alcdicine and Surgery as M. D., and in 1880 con-
tinued studying at the Jefferson Medical College in
Pennsylvania, recei\'ing the degree of M. D. from
that institution in 1881. In 1911 he received the de-
,gree of B. S. from Moore's Hill College.

For fourteen years Dr. Wright practiced in Olney,
Southern Illinois, and then, in 1889, soon after the
"boom" which brought so many good folks from
the East, he came to San Jose, and here he cm-
barked on that uninterrupted career wdiich made him,
most probably, the oldest practicing physician in the
county. In Illinois he was on the board of examin-
ing surgeons for pensions, and he held a similar office
in California for several years. He was a member
of the board of health for many years, and was
health officer of San Jose for two years. He be-
longed to the Santa Clara County Medical Society,
in which he held all the offices possible, at some time
or other; and for forty years he was a member of
the Ainerican Medical Association. For tw-enty-six
years he was financial secretary and treasurer of the
First Methodist Church of San Jose.

In 1875 Dr. Wright was married to Miss Kate E.
Phillips, born in Indiana, a charming lady, who made
many friends, wherever she lived, prior to her la-
mented death in 1893. Dr. and Mrs. Wright were
the parents of two children, namely. Hannah L-.
who was married to Dr. W. C. Bailey, a native son
of San Jose, and H. Horton Wright, deceased.

Dr. Wright was a Republican, and voted _jnd
worked with the Republicans in matters of national
moment; but he was too broad-minded to permit par-
tisanship to interfere with his whole-hearted partici-
pation in movements most likely to benefit the local-
ity in which he lived, operated and prospered. He
was a member of the board of freeholders that made
the charter of San Jose prior to the present one. and
he was also a member of the board that made the
present city charter. Some years ago. wishing to
contribute definitely to the rapid development of
this part of the state, he wrote for the Christmas
edition of the Mercury a very interesting and sug-
gestive description of "The Seasons in the Santa
Clara 'Valley," in which he touched upon the phe-
nomena of nature, the lavish crops of field, tree and
bush, the gorgeous variety of local color, and the
profusion of the landscape beauty, from March to
February, pointing out wdiat is peculiar to this sec-

416

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

tion; and this helpful exposition of undeniable facts
the San Jose Chamber of Commerce has made good
use of by sending it broadcast throughout the coun-
try and beyond the seas. He was truly a self-made
man, working his own way by teaching, etc., through
college. He was a great reader, almost entirely in
the line of historical works, and wrote the history of
the Horton and Wright families. /Vs president of
the Santa Clara County Historical Society, he com-
piled the war history of Santa Clara County, a com-
prehensive volume of the county's activities pid^lished
in 1919. Dr. Wright passed away December 7, 1920.

MICHAEL CASEY.— Seldom, if ever, has any
public official in California retired from office, been
the object of more confidence and esteem than )ili-
chael Casey, the ex-mayor of Gilroy. He was born
in Ireland, and when a lad of si.x; j-cars crossed the
Atlantic to the I'niterl States and went to Massa-
chusetts, where he grew up on a farm about eighty
miles from IJoston. On July 14, 1867, he reached
San Francisco, handicapped in respect to education;
but he had keen powers of observation and reflec-
tion, and what little he had learned he put to use,
and so, in one way or another, he got on in the
world. In 1870 he came to Santa Clara County and
found employment on a farm; and he assisted in
raising potatoes and grain, the chief crops in those
days. Prior to this he tried his skill on a dairy farm
near Menlo Park, and before coming to Gilroy he
was employed on the Laurel Wood Farm and Race
Track, near Alviso. He was a keen admirer of fine
horses and knew how to handle them, and he had a
reputation for managing the wildest horses.

In June, 1872, Mr. Casey removed to Gilroy, and
for ten years he was manager of John Pain's livery
stable. In 1886 he acquired by purchase a share in
a partnership with Mr. Herold, who owned the brew-
ery; and when Herold entered politics he bought
out his interest in the business. Owing to the un-
settled state of the title to land upon which the very
site of the town was placed, Gilroy was held back
in its development; and when in the earh' '80s the
sum of $63,000 was paid by the people to Henry
Miller, it was evident that some day there would be
a city there. Michael Casey was among those who
put the most faith in the municipal project; and then
he backed that faith with all the property that he
could muster — $1,100 which he paid for his land. In
the period of the town's interesting development he
served as councilman for several terms, and has
twice been mayor of the city, each time laboring for
the benefit of the people. When Mr. Casey first
came to this locality he became a member of the
volunteer fire department and was chief engineer.
During his time in the service he practically remod-
eled the department, making it modern and up to
date for that period. He was a memlier of the city
council and on the water committee during the in-
stallation of the water system, voting $50,000 bomls
and saving actually $4,000 in the work. He has been a
Democrat, but he has never allowed narrow partisan-
ship to embarrass him in rendering support to the best
measures and the best men.

Mr. Casey has been a stockholder and a director
of the Bank of Italy, and since it absorbed the old
Bank of Gilroy some four years ago, he has served
as chairman of the board of the Gilroy branch of
the Bank of Italy. He has completed one of Gilroy's

best buildings, and given the Government a lease
of it for ten years for post office purposes. This
structure represents an expenditure of $20,000, is
furnished throughout with oak, and the basement is
sealed water-tight, against possible high water in
rainy seasons. The burglar-proof vault was com-
pleted in October, 1920. At present, Mr. Casey is
living retired, enjoying the well-earned fruits of the
long years of hard and responsible labor, in which
lit made so many friends.

At Gilroy, on September 25, 1872, Mr. Casey was
married to Miss Margaret McLoughlin, a lady of
Irish parenta.ge, who had lived in Gilroy about six
>-Lars prior to her marriage. She, also, made a host
of friends, and she was widely mourned, when she
died, in 1886. Seven children were born of this union.
Mary it., a trained nurse, resides in Gilroy; Josephine
and livangeline are at home; Georgiana has become
Airs. S. W. Tracy of San Francisco; Emily, her twin
sister, is the wife of Dr. J. Clark, and they reside
with their three sons at Gilroy; Thomas Francis, a
deiiti.^t of San I'rancisco, has the degree of D.D.S.,
and enjoys a lucrative practice, he is the father of
erne son; lilizabeth is the wife of Harry Tracy of San
Francisco. There are si.\ grandchildren. The fam-
ily attend the Roman Catholic Church, and Mr. Casey
is a member of the Improved Order of Redmen.

STONEWALL J, MAYOCK.— Numbered among
the public-spirited and philanthropic citizens who
are well known in Santa Clara County, in fact
throughout the entire State of California, is Stone-
wall J. Afa}-ock, proprietor of the Central Hotel at
Gilroy, where he has lived and labored since 1874.
He is a son of the late Michael and Mary J. (Forbes)
Mayock. the former a native of County Mayo, Ire-
land, and the latter of Georgia, where the Forbes
family has been established for several generations.
.Sidney torbes, Mrs. Maj'ock's father, was a man of
responsibility and influence, and he was thus able
to bequeath the most valuable of heritages. Michael
Mayock came to America when he was a lad, and
his ambition and perseverance stood by him in his
struggle with the land of his adoption. In Georgia
he found more than a competence, gaining there a
wife, wlio stimulated him by her devotion as he en-
,ga,ged in merchandising and mining. Leaving his
family in, the East, he joined the tide of emigration
to the West in 1849, and for a couple of years en-
gaged in mining in Placer County. Then he returned
to his Georgia home and bought a plantation, which
he operated with success until ruined by the Civil
War. He then removed to California and settled in
•jilroy in 1874. finding congenial employment with
Miller & Eux. While he was engaged with a cutter
he lost one of his arms, and he died wlicn eighty-
four years of age. He left a widow and six children:
Barbara. Mrs. H. D. Martin, of Gilroy; Maggie be-
came Mrs. Barrows and resides in the same city;
Henry Thompson; Levi, a stockman of San Benito
County; Stonewall J., of this review; and Robert L.
of San 1^'rancisco. Mrs. Mayock lived to be about
ei,ghty-six years old.

Stonewall J. Mayock, or "Stoncy," as he was more
familiarly known by his friends, was born at Daw-
sonville, Ga., on November 14, 1862, and from the
age of twelve has lived in Gilroy, wdiere he went
to school and followed odd jobs such as lads of his
day and age were wont to pursue. After he had

-^/C

HISTORY OF SANTA CF^ARA COUNTY

419

spent several years in various linos of business he
finally became a traveling salesman for Sherwood iv
Sherwood of San Francisco, and also represented C.
P. IMorman & Co., of Louisville, Ky., for many years.
In 1906 he purchased the Central Plotel in Gilroy. and
ever since then has been its proprietor; he also owns
other desirable property in Bodfish Canyon district.

At Sonora. Tuolumne County, l^tr. Atayock was
united in marriaRe with Miss Nellie Starbird and
they became parents of two children: Robert S., and
Wellburn F. Both boys were graduated from the
Gilroy high school, then continued their studies at
the University of California, majoring in law. At
the breaking out of the World War, just as they
had graduated, they both enlisted in the U. S. Navy
and served for eighteen months. Upon returning to
Gilroy, Wellburn became connected with the Gilroy
branch of the Garden City Bank and Trust Com-
pany. Subsequently passing the examination at the
California Bar successfully, he became connected with
the firm of E. D. Crawford & Co., now Crawford &
Mayock, who do a general real estate, insurance and
brokerage business in connection with the law. Rob-
ert i\Iayock is also connected with this firm and
handles the real estate and brokerage departments
very successfully. Wellburn married Barbara Schmitt
and they have two children, Barbara Ellen and Well-
burn Stoney Mayock. Mrs. S. J. Mayock died in
1919, mourned by all who kne\v her.

Stoney Mayock is one of tlie most entertaining con-
versationalists, his extensive travels giving him a fund
of information and anecdote. He is warm-hearted
and kindly of disposition and loyal to his friends.
giving aid to those who need it and encouragement
to the unfortunate. It has been his pleasure to
mingle in political affairs, and he has served as post-
master of Gilroy under Grover Cleveland's adminis-
tration. He is a member of the Elks and always
takes an active interest in promoting all measures for
the good of Santa Clara Countjr.

GEORGE BUTTERFIELD McKEE.— Santa
Clara County and this section of California is largely
indebted to the efforts of George B. McKee for early
pioneer development. A veteran not only in point
of long residence and his pioneer association with
the building of the County, but a path-breaker in
the industrial and commercial worlds, he belongs to
that highly respected class of California pioneers,
ever of interest to the student of what was, what is,
and what is to be. He was born at Ottawa, III, on
July 27, 1838, the son of Lyman McKee, who was
married in Watertow-n, N. Y., to Miss Melinda Bnt-
terfield Grandfather Zacharia Butterfield was a
New Englander who came out to New York State
and was one of three that took up the land now the
site of Watertown, hence was one of the founders
of that thriving city; he was also engaged in stock-
raising and dairying, in which he w'as very success-
ful. Soon after their marriage, Lyman McKee and
his wife moved to Ottawa, 111., where he was en-
gaged in farming until his demise, when George But-
terfield McKee was but a small lad — leaving a widow
and four children.

After the death of Lyman McKee his widow, with
her four sons, moved back to Watertown, N. Y., and
there she continued to reside until she decided to
come to California. One son, Frank F., had pre-
ceded her, having crossed the plains in 1853, com-

ing in the Ward and Mood.v horse-train from Mil-
waukee ti.i San Jose. Mr. Moody returned Last the
same fall and was m;irried to a cousin of Mr. Mc-
Kee, and with his bride and our subject's mother
left for California via Panama in Deceriber, 18.^3.

Mrs. Melinda McKee, on her arrrival, bought a
residence at 234 South Second Street where she re-
sided until her death in 1868. She was the mother
of four children: I'rank l'\ passed away in Tulare
County; Albert and Russell both passed away in San
Jose, and George Butterfield, the subject of this re-
view. His people were stock and dairymen and from
a youth he assisted them during the siunmers, obtain-
uig the experience and learning haljits of industry
:uk1 thrift that have been so valuable to him in later
years. He obtained his early education in the pub-
lic schools of Watertown, N. Y. At the age of fif-
teen, in 1853, he came out to Milwaukee, Wis , and
the next spring he joined the Moody-Winchell train
destined for the land of gold and sunshine. Leav-
ing Milwaukee in April, 1854, they proceeded west-
ward across the plans after crossing the Mississippi
at Rock Island, 111., and the Missouri at Council
Bluffs, Iowa, making their way up the Platte and
its north fork through Wyoming and I^lah, coining
by the Sublette cut-off into California, arriving m
San Jose in October, 1854. They left Milwaukee
with ten men, but at Council Bluffs, Iowa, the)' joined
the Streeter and Hendricks train of forty men, mak-
ing them fifty men strong and well armed and thus
this formidable army came through without being
molested by the Indians. !Mr. McKee found here
only a small Spanish town, and the opportunities for
obtaining something to do were limited; a few wag-
ons were hauling quicksilver from the New Almaden
mines through San Jose to Alviso, and a few ox-
teams were hauling lumber from the redwoods in the
Santa Cruz Mountains. George B. soon left for
Stockton and entered the employ of the Adams Ex-
press Company, as messenger boy, but a month later
the company was taken over by the Wells Fargo. He
remained with them but a short time, then struck
out for the Kern River mines, where he mined at
Greenhorn Gulch and Keysville, remaining until the
fall of 1856, when he made his way to Nevada Coun-
tj' and there engaged in mining at Moore's Flat on
the middle fork of the Yuba River, remaining there
for about a j'car. vSuccess had attended his efforts,
thus enabling him to invest in a dairy which yielded
a good income. In 1861 he was elected county as-
sessor of Nevada County, and he took up his resi-
dence in Nevada City. Being re-elected to the of-
fice, he served two terms with credit and satisfaction
to the citizens. For a short time, with a Mr. Pratt,
Mr. McKee operated a store at Zirs Station on the
line of the building of 'the Central Pacific Railroad,
but inside of four months, he found conditions un-
satisfactory so he sold out and returned to Grass
Valley, where he mined for a year. Then he gave
up mining and returned to San Jose in 1868. While
building his home he went to Henning's store for
paint, and finding the proprietor very busy, he found
wdiat he wanted in the way of paint from time to
time, keeping a record of it on Mr. Henning's books,
and when he had finished his house and came to
settle his bill, Mr. Henning offered to sell him a
half-interest in the business, and the firm became
know-n as Henning and McKee, located on First

420

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Street. Thus Mr. \lcKee began his operations in a
lield in whieh he has smce become so singularly
successful and has been so honorably identified.
Eighteen month.s later, he purchased Mr. Henning's
interest and was the sole proprietor for about eigh-
teen months, when he took as a partner Alfred De
Rockebrune under the firm name of Geor,ge B. Me-
Kee tv Company and this partnership continued un-
til the death of Air. De Rockebrune, wdien Mr. Mc-
Kee purchased the interest and since then has been
the sole proprietor, the establishment carrying a
large and complete stock of paints, oils and wall-
paper, as well as building the large plant for the
manufacture of mixed paints.

About 1882, he purchased tlie old court house and
jail site on the corner of San Fernando and South
Second Streets, and he was the only man in Califor-
nia that owned a court house and jail in his own
name. Here he built his permanent brick building
in 1892 and later built the paint factory on the jail
site. This property is 47-/2 x 137^ fronting on South
Second Street with 45 feet at the rear of the building
fronting on San Fernando Street witli a depth of
137J/2 feet. He also owns 58 feet on Third near San
Fernando Street adjoining the above property, this
being the old jail site on which he constructed his
paint factory. Finding a considerable demand for
ready mixed paints, Mr. McKee experimented and
began the manufacture of paints and his Balata
Paints arc now \\ell known all over the Coast.
Thus he has built up the largest business of the kind
in Santa Clara County. In 1902. Mr. McKee incor-
porated his business as the Geo. B. McKee Company,
of which he is president and owner. Mr. McKee is
a stockholder in the San Jose Water Company and
is a director and was its president for many years
until he resigned when he went on his trip to the
Orient. He is also a stockholder and director of
many }'ears in the First National Bank of San Jose,
and for thirty years he has been president of the
Nucleus Building & Loan Association of San Jose.

Mr. McKee has been twice married; his first wife
was Miss Mary Hubbard, a native of Wisconsin,
and she passed on in 1884, the inother of two chil-
dren; Hubbard was killed in an automobile accident,
leaving three children; Mrs. Georgia Gummer of
Stockton has two children. Mr. MeKee's second
wife was Mrs Lydia Smith Toland, a native of De-
catur, 111., a daughter of E. O. Smith, a pioneer of
San Jose. Mrs. McKee is actively identified in all
civic and social affairs and is particularly interested
in benevolent charitable societies. She is a cultured
woman and presides graciously over her large and
beautiful home, which was erected in 1892 on the site
of the old McKee home, thus^ Mr. McKce has resided
on this same location shice 1868.

In 1913, Mr. McKee, accompanied by his wife, his
nieee. Miss Moore, and a Miss Roberts, made a tour
of the Orient, visiting Honolulu; thence to Japan.
taking in the important cities in that country and on
to China, visiting Shanghai, Hongkong and other
important cities; thence to Singapore and on to Co-
lombo, Cevlon, thence through India from the ex-
treme South to the North and back to Calcutta and
on to Rangoon in Burmah; thence back to Singa-
pore and on to the Island of Java; thence to Aus-
tralia and New Zealand, and from there to the Fiji,
Tonga and Samoa Islands, after which they returned

via Honolulu to San Francisco after a most delightful
trip of seven months, the party not having experi-
enced a day's sickness during the trip.

Mr. McKee has been a very active and prominent
Mason, having been made a Mason in Nevada Dodge,
F. & A. M., of Nevada City, where he also was made
a member of the Royal Arch Chapter and knighted
in the Commandery. On coming to San Jose, he be-
came a member of Friendship Lodge No. 210,
F. & A. M., Howard Chapter, R. A. M., of wdiich he
is past high priest and now the only living charter
member of San Jose Commandery No. 10, of which
he is past eminent commander, as well as being a
past grand commander of the Grand Commandery
of California, serving in that eminent position in
1901, when he took the Grand Commandery of Cali-
fornia to the triennial conclave of Kni,ghts Templar,
held in Louisville, Ky. He has had the plea.iure of
also visiting other conclaves, in St. Louis, Pitts-
burgh, Chicago, Boston, Denver, Los Angeles, and
two in San F'rancisco. Mr. McKee is also a thirty-
second degree Scottish Rite Mason, being a charter
member of San Jose Consistory, and for many years
he has been the treasurer of all the Masonic bodies in
San Jose of which he was a member, having been
treasurer of the Blue Lodge for thirty-three years.
With his wife, he is a member of the O. E. S., of
which he is past patron and Mrs .McKee is past
matron. He is also a life member of Islam Temple,
A. A. O. N. M. S , in San Francisco, his membership
being No. 922. In 1921 Mr. McKee was made a
knight Commander of the Court of Honor.

Mrs. McKee has been president of the Ladies' Be-
nevolent Society in San Jose for twenty-two years,
a charitable institution for the care of children, and
is doing a noble work in caring for the waifs; and is
also prominent in civic and club circles. Mr. McKee
was the president of the first Board of Trade, and
since then has been a supporter of the local Cham-
ber of Commerce and Board of Trade, as well as all
movements for boosting San Jose, in the growth of
which he is very loyal and proud. He has served ac-
ceptably as city councilman and mayor of San Jose,
and has also been a member of the board of police
and fire commissioners. Deeply interested in the
cause of education, he has given of his time and
served faithfully as a member of the board of school
trustees of this growing city. While a Republican m
national politics, Mr. McKee supports all local move-
ments in a broad, nonpartisan manner. Not only
among the oldest residents of San Jose, Mr. McKee
has been in business steadily in San Jose longer than
any other business man in the city. He has truly
been a factor in the development, not only of the
city of San Jose and Santa Clara County, but ot
the commonwealth of California. It is indeed inter-
esting to chronicle the life history of such a useful,
unselfish and enterprising citizen, who, in his liberal
and kind-hearted way, has always given freely of his
time and means towards enterprises that have tor
their aim the improvement of the city and county and
to enhance the comfort and raise the social and moral
conditions of its people. It is to men of the type of
Mr. McKee that California today owes much of its
present greatness and prosperity; men who were not
afraid to work, and in their optimism saw the great
future awaiting the Golden State in developing its
great natural resources.

HTSTOl-lY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

A2^

HENRY CURTNER.— Dm-iiiR the lU'tics nun
from all sections of the country were thronging lo
California as offering advantages and opportunities
greater than were possihle in the East, and among
them was Henry Curtuer, a pioneer of Alameda
County. On his arrival on the Pacific Coast in 1852
he was without means, except $20, a stranger in a
strange land, without friends to assist him in getting
a start. He purchased a pair of blankets and a stage
ticket to A'lission San Jose, where he was to work
on the ranch of Beard & Ellsworth, with whom he
had contracted to work while in Indiana, He worked
faithfully and in six months' time had saved some
money and bought out the balance of the contract,
so he was free to begin farming for himself, which
he did at Centerville. He was successful and within
a few years later he made his first purchase of land
at Centerville, and from that time forward his career
was prosperous, until he became one of the largest
landowners of his county.

}.Ir. Curtner \\as born in Fountain County, Indiana,
January 17, 1831, and was next to the youngest of
five sons and five daughters, all of whom are de-
ceased. His father, Jacob Curtner, was born and
reared in North Carolina, where he married Nancy
Heaton, a native of Tennessee. Afterwards, about
1827, they removed to Indiana and settled among the
pioneer farmers of Fountain County, where they
passed their active years in the developinent of a
homestead. Mrs. Curtner died in Fulton County, In-
diana, while Mr. Curtner passed awaj^ in Cass Count)',
near Logansport. He had been a soldier in the Indian
struggles and served under General Jackson, taking
part in the battle of Horseshoe Bend. During the boy-
hood years of Henry Curtner educational facilities
were in their infancy. Schools were held in log build-
ings with puncheon floors and slab benches, te.-^t-
books were few and of inferior quality. Having ac-
quired such instruction as the schools afforded, Mr.
Curtner started out in the world to earn his livelihood.
He had been left an orphan and had to "paddle his
own canoe," and he found a hard time of it because
many people did not hesitate to take advantage of an
orphan boy. One year he hired to a farmer for a
year, and he was to have, besides a pittance, three
months' schooling and a new suit of clothes. They
did not let him go to school, but put him in the
woods at the end of an ax-handle and, instead of a
new suit, offered him a second-hand suit, which Mr.
Curtner declined, saying that summer had come, and
so left them. For a time he worked on a farm and
also engaged in clearing timbered land, after which
he became a towboy or boat driver on the Wabash
and Erie canal, working for his board. In 1852 he
utilized his savings in paying the expenses of the
long voyage from New York via Panama to San
Francisco. Four years after his arrival on the coast,
in the fall of 1856, he returned to Indiana and mar-
ried in Cass County, Miss Lydia Kendall, who was
born in Indiana. In the fall of 1857 the young couple
removed to California, where thev purchased fifty
acres between Centerville and Alvarado, Alameda
County, and for about ten years they made their
home upon that property. In the spring of 1868 they
removed to the estate near Warm Springs and there
he resided until he passed away. His first purchase
near Warm Springs comprised little less than 2000
acres, to which he added from time to time until
his landed possessions aggregated 8000 acres; how-
ever, a portion of this was sold, in small farms, and
the balance he divided among his children. After

locating in the Santa Clara Valley, he bought and
sold real estate, siieculated in lands, made improve-
nienls of notewurlhy character, and proved himself
a capable and progressive business man. For many
years he siTved on the hoards of directors of the
Security State Bank of San Jose and was also presi-
dent of the Milpit.-is Land iv Live Stock Company,
owners of 8000 head of cattle, 800 head of horses
and a flock of 7000 sheep, utilizing for the same a
tract of 32,000 acres of patented land in Humboldt
County, Nevada, besides a range of 100 square miles.
Of Mr. Curtner's first marriage six sons and two
daughters were born, se\'en reaching maturity: Wal-
ter J. of San Jose; Frank died in 1909; William re-
sides near Warm Springs, while Allen lives in Sun-
nyvale; Jacob lives on the home place; Josephine
is Mrs. Myers of San Jose; Grace is Mrs. Holman.
.After the death of his first wife, Mr. Curtner mar-
ried Miss Mary E. Myers, who was born in Logans-
port, Ind., and passed away in California. The two
children of this union were Albert H., deceased, and
.\rthur D., residing on the old home place. The third
marriage of Mr. Curtner united him with Miss Lucy
Latham, a native of Illinois, who survives him. While
the magnitude of Mr. Curtner's landed interests de-
manded his personal attention to the exclusion of
participation m public affairs, j-et he was always a
warm supporter of the public schools, aided in pro-
motmg the standard of education in his district, and,
reminded of his own recollections of the deprivations
of his boyhood, always contributed liberally to move-
ments for the development of educational facilities.
The establishment and building of Irvington Semi-
nary may be attributed to his zeal and financial sup-
port, and while at first he was associated with a
corporation in the undertakings, he afterward ac-
quired the entire institution. After it was burned,
about 1898, he sold the property, which was rebuilt
and is now operated under the present title of Ander-
son Academy. He was a stanch adherent of the Re-
publican party, and kept himself intelligently con-
versant with the issues of the times, yet always de-
clined office and never gave his consent to the use
of his name in candidacy for positions within the gift
of his fellow-citizens. Pre-eminently his tastes were
toward private undertakings, not public affairs, yet he
was never negligent of his duty as a citizen. He real-
ized that whatever success crowned his efforts was
due in a large degree to the opportunities afforded
by the fertile soil and fair climate of the coast coun-
try, and he was ever alert to promote the advance-
ment of the state. His public spirit and progressive
citizenship were a large contribution to the material
and educational development of the community in
which he resided. Mr. Curtner was a man of a won-
derful tenacity of purpose and with an ambition to
succeed placed higher than in most men, he worked
incessantly to that end. His judgment was splendid
and seemed unerring. Having faith in the future
for California lands, he saw how it would rise in
value, so when land ^vas low and went begging he
bought thousands of acres, knowing full well it would
rise again and he would take his profit. When Beard
X: Ellsworth (the men who owned the ranch and for
whom he worked when he came to California) went
broke, Mr. Curtner purchased the ranch. On his
vast tracts he set out hundreds of acres of orchard
and he was an upbuilder and leader in developing the
horticultural and agricultural interests in the valley.
He always kept his word, hence he had unlimited
credit. He bought a large part of the Murphy lands,
subdivided them and sold to incoming settlers, and

424

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

also did the same with tlie entire Ynigo ranch, as
well as other large traets, thus opening the way for
small farmers to seeurc places they might improve
and help to build up the county. He was generous
and kind, assisting by his backing and influence many
deserving young men who made a success in the
world and became prosperous, influential and a credit
to the community. Having had a hard and uphill
struggle as an orphan boy, he naturally had a warm
heart for the orphans, as well as widows who were
left helpless, and he was very liberal in his donations
to institutions of tliat kind. Among some of his be-
quests were $30,000 to hotne benevolences; $30,000
to the Pratt Home; $20,000 to the San Ansclmo Or-
phanage; $6,000 to pay balance of the debt on the
Oakland Orphanage; $5,000 to the Santa Clara County
Pioneers for a building. He helped many boys and
girls that were unable to secure a higher education
but for his aid. His lite record may well serve as a
source of mspiration and encouragement to others,
showing that success and an honored name maj' be
won simultaneously. This millionaire cattleman and
rancher, who w^as one of the valley's greatest philan-
thropists, passed to that Great Beyond November 1,
1916, honored and loved by everyone.

MRS. LUCY LATHAM CURTNER.— This es-
timable lady who is following in the footsteps of her
philanthropic husband is a woman much loved and
appreciated by the citizens of Santa Clara Valley,
who admire her for her many attributes of virtue and
for her kindliness and straightforwardness of pur-
pose. Lucy Latham was born at Elkhart Grove,
Logan County, 111., January 16, 1839. Her father was
born m Kentucky, but reared in Illinois. Her grand-
father, James Latham, was Indian agent in Illinois
and was the first white man to cross the Sangamon
River. Her mother was Margaret Stephenson, also
a native of Kentucky, a woman of much refinement,
who saw to the rearing and education of her family
and from whom her daughter, Lucy, inherited many
of the traits which have made her so well liked and
appreciated. She was the fourth oldest in a family of
six children. When she was fourteen years of age
her parents moved to Springfield, 111., where she at-
tended Esterbrook's Academy, and afterwards went
east and finished her education at Pleasant Hill semi-
nary, Washington County, Pa., wdien she returned
to .Springfield. In that city she had the great pleasure
of knowing Abraham Lincoln, the savior of his coun-
try, and was elated at his nomination for the presi-
dency in 1860. She also knew Mrs. Lincoln and Dr.
Todd and his family. Her brother-in-law and sister.
Rev. and Mrs. J. IT. McCullough, had come lo Cali-
fornia, where Rev. McCullough was president of
Irvington College, and in 1884 Miss Latham joined
her sister at Irvington, and it was there she met Mr.
Curtner and the acquaintance resulted in their mar-
riage May 26, 1885, and thejr took up their residence
on the Curtner place at Warm Springs. She immedi-
ately entered into all of her husband's ambitions and
threw herself into the work of aiding and encourag-
ing him, her confidence in his ability being rewarded
more and more in watching his wonderful rise. She
warmly acquiesced and encouraged him in his benev-
olences and was delighted in his munificent bequests
to charitable institutions, especially those to the or-
phans' and widows' homes, and since his death has
continued the work and has contributed all she could
to the same end.

Soon after her husband's death she took up her
residence at 36 South Thirteenth Street, San Jose.
Her niece and grandniece, Mrs. Margaret Valpey
and Miss Lucy Valpey, are making their home with
her and assist her in dispensing good cheer and old-
time hospitality. She is very naturally a stanch Re-
publican in political preferment, having been reared
in the environment of the old Abolition party, and
is a devout member of the Christian Church, taking
an active part in its many benevolences. Mrs. Curt-
ner was reared in an atmosphere of culture and refine-
ment and is a woman of very pleasing personality,
IS well read, and having a retentive memory, is a
pleasing conversationalist. Liberal and generous, she
is ever ready to help those who have been less for-
tunate and do wdiat she can to alleviate suffering and
pain. She is modest and unassuming and her acts
of charitj' are always done in an unostentatious
manner. It is indeed a pleasure to know this inter-
esting woman, who knew and was a friend of the
great Emancipator.

LILLIE BLACKFORD.— A native of Nevada,
Lillie Blackford is a representative in both the
piaternal and maternal lines of pioneer families of the
state and in San Jose. The Blackford family was
established in Virginia during the Colonial period in
the history of this country. The paternal grand-
father, Samuel Blackford, started across the plains to
California with his family in 1850, traveling with ox
team and prairie schooner and going bj' way of
Salt Lake Valley. His wife succumbed to the hard-
ships of the journey and passed away ere they
reached their destination, wdiile he was kidnapped by
Indians, but managed to make his escape and rejoin
the party. He started out with a large number of
cattle but ere he reached San Jose these were all
stolen from him by cattle rustlers, who left only the
ox team. He acquired from the Spanish government
a 160-acre ranch on the Los Gatos road, about four
miles from San Jose, and on this place he built a
good house, devoting his land to the raising of grain
and continued active in the management of the farm
until his death.

His son, George W. Blackford, was born m Ohio
in December, 1843, and he became a member of the
second class that was graduated from the University
of the Pacific in San Jose, where he completed a
law course. Going to Marysville, he there opened an
office, but at the end of a short time returned to San
Jose, where he wedded Miss Lillie G. Hassinger, a
native of Philadelphia, Pa., and a representative of
an old Maryland family. In 1859 she had come to
California with her parents, who settled in Santa Clara
County. Following their marriage the young couple
went to Dayton, Nevada, where Mr. Blackford
practiscfl law for a few years and then returned to
San Jose, l)ecoming one of the prominent attorneys
of this city. He also devoted considerable attention
to fruit raising and took much pride in the develop-
ment of his home ranch wdiich he, too, had purchased
from the Mexican government, wdiich he irrigated
by means of deep wells; also adding many other
improvements and converting it into one of the model
farm properties in Santa Clara County. On that
place he resided until 1885, wdien he erected a beauti-
ful home at S3 South Sixth Street, San Jose, and here
his daughter Lillie is now living. He passed away

HISTORY OI' SANTA CXAKA COUNTY

427

on January 29, 1909. and Mrs. Blackford died April
29, 1914, and in 1917 the ranch \vas sold.

Mr. and Airs. Blackford became the parents of six
children, of whom the subject of this review is the
eldest. The others are May F., now the wife of

F. H. Herbert, of San Francisco; Mrs. Alice h.
Dinsmore, a resident of Los Gates; Maude C. Black-
ford, who is at home with her sister; Mrs. Florence

G. Moody, of San Jose; and Walter G., who is also
living in this city, iliss Blackford is a member of
the Episcopal Church, while the other members of
the family are Presb\'terians in religious faith. She
gives her political allegiance to the Democratic party,
to which her father also adhered, and is interested in
all that pertains to the welfare and progress of com-
munity, state and nation. By inheritance she bears
a name that has ever been an honored one in connec-
tion with the pioneer development and later upbuild-
ing of the state and in her own career she exemplifies
those commendable qualities which have at all times
been a distinguishing trait of the family.

J. F. PARKINSON.— A prominent Mason who is
so identified with the early history of the town that
he well deserves the title of the Father of Palo Alto,
is J. F. Parkinson, of 616 Cowper Street, in which
attractive thoroughfare he is a familiar figure — six
feet, three inches tall, and weighing 240 pounds. His
life-story is intimately the history of Palo Alto, for
he built the first residence here, put in the first lum-
ber j^ard, incorporated the first bank, and drove the
first spike in the great railway he had promoted. He
was born in Marshall County, W. Va.. on December
2, 1864, when his father, Dr. Benoni Parkinson was
serving in the Civil War with the rank of a major
He had just finished his course of study as a physi-
cian and surgeon, at the Waynesburg, Pa., Medical
College, when the -svar commenced, and he lost no
time in enlisting, registering from West Virginia.
He served as army surgeon throughout the great
struggle, and had four enlistments and several pro-
motions to his credit. He was the son of John
Parkinson, a native of Virginia, a contractor on the
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, when it was built through
the Cumberland Mountains. The Parkinson family,
dating back to both England and Scotland, settled
in Virginia and in time became prominent in both
the Old Dominion and the Keystone State, active
in business and in the professions, especially as law-
j^ers and doctors. Dr. Benoni Parkinson was mar-
ried in Virginia on October 14, 1862, after which
he went to the front. He was born on March 3,
1836, and died at Palo Alto on February 7, 1899, after
residing in this city for six years. His bride, before
her marriage to Dr. Parkinson, was Katherine Mary
Gray, and she was born in Greene County, Pa., on
November 28, 1840. Her parents were Francis and
Sarah (Roseberry) Gray, and the Grays and the
Roseberrys were both English settlers in Virginia.
She died at Washington, Iowa, in 1880, highly es-
teemed by all who knew her.

When J. F. Parkinson, who was the eldest in a
family of seven children, was six years old, his par-
ents removed with him to Washington County,
Iowa, in 1870; and then Dr. Parkinson gave up
the practice of medicine and embarked in the lum-
ber trade. He also helped to organize a number of
banks in Iowa and the Middle West, and he owned
a number of farms in Iowa, and our subject helped

lo run them during school vacations, and also helped
111 his father's luml)er yard. He attended the public
schools ill Washington, Iowa, and he completed the
courses at Washington College, having previously
taken a business course at Burlington. Then he went
to the University of Michigan, where he pursued
a classical course; but he was taken with hemor-
rli.-ige of the lungs, which led him to quit college and
to hurry west to California in the hope of regaining
his health. Thirteen relatives of his mother from
Pennsylvania and Virginia had crossed the plains to
California in 1852, lured by the prospects for gold,
and a cousin, Mr. Morris, \\as still living at Wood-
land, in Yolo County, in 1888, and welcomed our
subject to the Golden State. This cousin's widow
■and sons are still living in Yolo County, although
.\sa Alorris, Jr., the well-known cattleman, was
killed in an automobile accident in July, 1921.

J. F. Parkinson, who was then twenty-three years
old, had fallen in love in Iowa, and he had come out
to the Coast not merely to regain his health, but
to look for employment and secure a prospective
home. His betrothed, Miss Helen M. Scofield, was
born in Washington County, Iowa, and was a daugh-
ter of William Scofield, the Washington, Iowa,
attorney, and a cousin of General Scofield of New
York, and Sarah (Maze) Scofield, a native of Ohio.
!Miss Scofield, it happened, had preceded our sub-
ject to California, and had been spending the winter
of 1884-85 with her folks at San Jose, while she
also put in a jcar at school in San Jose, and hence
young Parkinson went to San Jose for emploj'ment,
believing that his intended wife would like to live there.
He found something worth while in the service of
J. P. Pierce, president of the Pacific Manufacturing
Company, at Santa Clara, commencing work at the
modest salary of sixty-five dollars per month; but he
rose to a commanding position, with the largest salary
granted anyone in that county. He worked for the Pa-
cific Manufacturing Companjr in charge of their lum-
ber yard at Santa Clara from 1888 to 1892; and dur-
ing this time he had not onlj^ met with Gov. Leland
Stanford, but he had become acquainted with the
plans for the building of the Leland Stanford, Jr.
L'Uiversity.

He could easily foresee that there was plenty of room
for a .good-sized town in front of the proposed Uni-
versity site, and he resigned his position with the
Pacific Manufacturing Company, and resolved to
open up a lumber yard at Palo Alto which was then
called University Park. He had saved considerable
money, and so was able to commence in a small
way, hauling his first load of lumber from Santa
Clara on March 1, 1892. By the first of January,
1893, he had transacted $70,000 worth of business.
He then started a hardware store in connection with
his lumber yard, and then a plumbing and tinning
establishment, and later still he built the first planing
mill in Palo Alto. After that he started another lum-
ber yard and hardware store at Mountain View, and
still later he opened a hardware store and lumber
yard at Sunnyvale, when that now thriving town was
known as Encinal.

His business expanded so rapidly and steadily
during those years that he prospered exceedingly,
and with C. C. Spalding, W. E. Grossman and Mr.
Richards of San Jose, Mr. Parkinson organized the
first bank at Sunnyvale. He also organized, in 1892,

428

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

the Bank of Palo Alto, on a wire from Iowa, from
his father, who was the main stockholder. The bank
was capitalized at $100,000, and Judge J. R. Welch
of San Jose drew up the articles of incorporation
and became the bank's first vice-president. Stock
to the amount of $80,000 was taken by Dr. Parkinson
and an uncle. George R. Parkinson, both of whom
became well-known residents of Palo Alto, where
they died. At that time, Maytield w-as the nearest
trading center, and had the only school and the only
post office; it opposed every energetic forward move-
ment proposed at University Park, and insisted on the
IKoplc having children at the latter place sending them
to the Mayfield school. Mr. Parkinson resolved that
Lniversity Park must organize its own school district,
and he set resolutely about to accomplish the task. In
1892 he gave, free of charge, all the lumber needed for
the first school house in Palo Alto, which was built at
the corner of University and Bryant streets, and in
the fall of that year, the school house was opened for
the twenty-five or more pupils. Mr. Parkinson also
donated $250 for the building of the First Presby-
terian Church in Palo Alto, the first church edifice
in town, and he donated liberally toward the build-
ing of all the succeeding churches in Palo Alto.
He became a good friend of Governor Stanford,
and he was thus enabled to do much toward carrying
out his laudable enterprises.

Timothy Hopkins owned and laid out the townsite
of what was at first called University Park, and when
ambitious folks petitioned to have the name changed
to Palo Alto, they were influenced by the Spanish
name of Governor Stanford's extensive stock farm
of 8,600 acres, included in the present site of the
I'niversity, meaning "high tree," and referring to the
large sequoia on the San Francisquito Creek at the
extreme northerly point in Santa Clara County.
It seems that the Cornell, Fitzhugh, Hopkins Com-
panj- of San Francisco owned sixty acres southwest of
the old town of Mayfield and they plotted it and called
it Palo Alto, and began to sell lots. Governor Stanford
lost no time in enjoining them from the use of Palo
Alto as a name, and this led to much litigation and
hard feeling. The matter was finally compromised
when .Senator Stanford renamed the sixty-acre plot
College Terrace, and this is now an addition to the
town of Mayfield. Thereupon, Mr. Hopkins, by and
with the consent of those who had bought lots in
University Park about 1894, petitioned the board of
county supervisors to call University Park Palo
Alto; and the first post oflice was established in Palo
Alto with Mr. Parkinson as postmaster. He was
elected a member of the Palo Alto School Board
and he served for eight years.

Mr. Parkinson organized the Palo Alto ^lutual
Buildin.n- and Loan Association, and became its first
president. He also helped actively to establish the
first newspaper in Palo Alto, the "Times," and after-
wards himself owned the Palo Alto "Citizen," which in
time was consolidated with the "Times." He owned
the first water-works, supplied by two artesian wells,
and before the town was incorporated, he laid four-
inch water mains. He Iiuilt the city line of street
railway in Palo Alto, and also got the franchises for
the Santa Clara County Interurban Electric Line.
He then obtained franchises for a road extending from
Palo Alto through Mayfield, Mountain View, Sunny-
vale, Santa Clara and San Jose, and afterwards

bought out the J. H. Henry lines from Santa Clara
to Alum Rock. In this project, he was bitterly fought
by the Southern Pacific Railway, which bought these
lines and renamed them, calling the now popular
line the Peninsular Railway. When this was built
Mr. Parkinson drove the first spike in its construc-
tion, on January 4, 1906.

More personal experiences of Mr. Parkinson are
full of interest even for the stranger. In 1906 he
was elected mayor of Palo Alto, and soon afterward
his automobile turned turtle, and he was so severely
injured that he was in bed for four years. A week
after he was injured, the earthquake shook every-
thing topsy-turv>' in Palo Alto, and when some of the
groceries and meat markets commenced to profiteer
and to charge two and three times the regular price
for what they had, fear made the public panicky
lest starvation might confront the town. Thereupon
Mr. Parkinson, although an invalid, drove around
in his buggy and saw the extortioners, and through
his prompt and firm measures, he stopped the profit-
eering, and the result was that Palo Alto got its
provisions at prices prevailing before the great dis-
aster. This act was generally applauded and the
mayor of Palo Alto was exalted not only in his own
city, but newspapers West, East, North and South,
and even in editorials in English papers. Owing to
the accident referred to, and its serious consequences,
Mr. Parkinson sold his business and remained mayor
only until the adoption of the new special charter;
and then he sought to regain his health. Later, he
endeavored to promote new ventures.

Parkinson's Addition to Palo Alto comprises Alba
Park and Ravcnswood, and his object in boosting
the latter place was to promote a harbor for Palo
Alto at the same time that he made it a manufac-
turing center. He was on the point of realizing his
dream, and had sold his holdings at Ravenswood to
a New York man, J. W. Eisenhuth, the first builder
of ,gas-engine automobiles in the United States, when
the World War came on, and through a combination
of unfortunate circumstances, which grew out of the
war, what otherwise would have been his crowning
achievement, and what would have made him a
wealthy man, his bondsmen foreclosed on him, and
he lost $500,000. He has regained his health, how-
ever, and he is bravely making a second start. He
is the president of the American Lumber Company,
of Sonoma County, a corporation having a capital
of $150,000 and a sawmill at Cazadero; and they bid
fair to expand as rapidly as did some of the earlier
enterprises with which Mr. Parkinson has been
associated in his long business career.

If anyone in Palo Alto is entitled to the whole-
souled esteem and good will for wdiich mortals sen-
sibly crave, it would seem to be Mr. Parkinson and
his good wife, to whom he was married at Wash-
ington, Iowa, in 1888, for together they have done
nnu-h to help build up Palo Alto. Mrs. Parkinson
was one of the ladies who organized the Palo Alto
Woman's Club, and she gave the first book towards
establishing the Palo Alto Public Library; and she
worked as hard as any of the organizers when the
ladies of Palo Alto took turns in serving as Librarian.
It «as Mr. Parkinson who conceived the idea of en-
listing Andrew Carnegie's magnificent cooperation in
the providing of a library building; and when com-
mittees were appointed and correspondence con-

/x^

O > o<^,^2^<^^^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CUARA COUNTS'

431

ducted without any results, he went to New ^'ork
and saw Mr. Carnegie personally, and was instru-
mental in getting the $10,000 with wliich the present
library building at the corner of Bryant and Hamil-
ton streets was built in 1904. The influence of Mr.
Parkinson's forceful character and clear-minded fore-
sight has in a way permeated the very spirit of Palo
Alto, which is known far and wide for its progres-
sive ideas and its niuniciiml utilities. Mr. and Mrs.
Parkinson are hving in the house at 616 Cowper
Street which he built in early da\s, sold and then
bought back again. They have had five children,
and all have reflected creditably upon the family
name. Katherine M. is the wife of S. E. Weaver, a
newspaper man in New York City. Robert Rose-
berry is vice-president of the local American Legion
and a manufacturer of Safety First step-ladders at
Palo Alto. He was in the Engineer Corps and served
nineteen months in France. Benoni S. Parkinson is
with the Tynan Lumber Company, at Salinas as the
superintendent of their yard; and John F. Parkin-
son, Jr., is a student at Stanford University. Kath-
erine, Robert and Benoni are already Stanford grad-
uates. Sarah Gray, in her fifteenth year, is a stu-
dent in the Palo Alto high School. ?ilr. Parkinson
is well up in Masonry and, as might be expected, en-
iovs the popularity and esteem due him.

MRS. SARAH ELIZABETH LESTER.— Among

the real builders of the community, mention must be
made of Mrs. Sarah E. Lester, who has borne her
part in home-making and rearing an honorable and
highly respected family. Born in that old colonial
town'of Ledyard, New London County, Conn., August
3, 1847, she IS the daughter of Judge Edmund and
Bethiah Williams (Avery) Spicer, and a grand-
daughter of John Spicer, all natives of Connecticut.
Her father foUow^ed the occupation of school teach-
ing, farming and merchandising, besides holding
many positions of trust and honor. For years he was
a member of the school board of his district, from
1867 until his death held the office of postmaster at
Ledyard; from 1836 to 1851 held the ofiice of county
clerk, from 1853 until 1865 was county treasurer, in
1849 was elected to represent his district in the state
legislature, in 1862 was a candidate for the state sen-
ate, and for twelve years, beginning in 1855, served as
judge of the probate court. During early life he served
as captain of a rifle company, and ever afterward was
known as Captain Spicer. On the organization of the
Ledyard Library association he became one of its
charter members, and served as its secretary for
eighteen consecutive years, retiring in 1885. In 1867
he was elected treasurer and librarian and continued
to serve until his death in 1890. He was active as a
member of the Congregational Church. On No-
vember 16, 1836, he was united in marriage with Miss
Bethiah W. Avery, and they were the parents of sev-
en children: Mary Abby, Mrs. George Fanning of
Hartford, Conn.; John Sands died at Norwich, Conn.;
in 1906; Sarah E., the subject of this sketch; Carry
C., Mrs. Amos Lester of San Jose; Celia W., Mrs.
Jonathan F. Lester of Norwich, Conn.; Edward E.
of Groton, and George W. of Deep River, Conn.

Sarah E. Spicer attended the public schools of Led-
yard and lived with her parents until her marriage
at Ledvard, May 24, 1871, to Nathan L. Lester, also

a nali\e of Ledyard, who was l)orn January 1, 1843,
,1 son of Isaac and Mary J. (Chapman) Lester,
farmers at Ledyard, Conn,, anil representatives of
scime of llu- oldest New England families. Nathan
E was the third oldest of ten children, namely, Amos
Lester of San Jose; Mary Jane, Nathan L., Jonathan
and l''rank, deceased; William and Samuel of San
Jose; Sarah Eninia, Walter and Henry, the last three
passing away in youth.

Nathan Lester's boyhood was spent in farm work
during the summer and in the schoolroom during
the winter months. In 1861 he came for the first
time to California via the Isthmus of Panama and
settled first in Napa County, and in company with
Ids brother Amos engaged in wheat raising for seven
years; he then returned to Connecticut where he
married and settled on a farm, and while there he
served as selectman of Ledyard. Here he remained
until 1883, when he came again with his wife and
four children to the Pacific Coast, this time settling
in Santa Clara Count>-, where he bought the old
homestead on South Lincoln Avenue, in The Wil-
lows. Mr. Lester made a practical study of horti-
culture, and found both pleasure and profit froin this
interesting side of country life. Thirty-one acres were
planted to prunes, and the venture was a success.
This was added to until he had sixty-seven acres in
orchard. He gave close attention to the management
of his ranch, and aside from voting the Republican
ticket and assisting in the maintenance of the Congre-
gational Church, he had no interests outside of his
home. In June, 1900, while building a dryer, he fell
from a ladder and received injuries that resulted in
death, three days later, on June 27, at the age of
fifty-seven years. Mr. Lester was a prominent mem-
ber of San Jose Grange. He was a man of honorable
and upright life, and deeply religious, taking a strong
stand for high morals and the preservation of the
sanctity of the home. No one in the county was held
in higher esteem, and his passing away was a great
loss, not only to his family, but to the whole com-
munity, by whom he was deeply inourned. Mr. and
Mrs. Lester were the parents of seven children and
there are thirteen grandchildren; Alice is now- Mrs.
C. L. Snyder, residing in San Jose and they have two
children — Philip Lester and Rixford Kinney; Nathan
L. married Miss Sylvia Hu.ghes and they have two
children — Katherine and Nathan L., Jr.; William W.
married Miss Ethel Y. Gerrans and they have two
children — William W'altcr, Jr., and Elizabeth; Sarah
Emma and George are deceased; Fred E. mar-
ried Miss June \'an Dorsten and they have
three children — Edith Annette, Fred Raymond and
Marjorie Alice; Hazel B. is now Jvlrs. William
H. Cilker, they have four children — Beatrice Ann,
Marion Sarah, William Hamilton, Jr., and George
Edward. Mrs. Lester is a prominent memlxr of the
Congregational Church and is president of the Will-
ing Workers Society. She owns and maintains the
old home on South Lincoln Avenue, but siieiids most
of her time with her sons and daughters. A cul-
tured and refined woman, she has gathered about
her many friends who appreciate her for her many
fine qualities and the spirit of hospitalit>- which takes
in all who visit her.

432

HISTORY OK SANTA CLARA COUNTY

MASSEY THOMAS.— Much goes to make up the
history of any nation or communities-group, but
whenever the story of Santa Clara County, its un-
rivalled resources and its phenomenal growth shall
be written, the historian will be sure to include a
record of development such as that of the late Alas-
sey Thomas, the well-known '4yer, who with nuich
to chooEc from turned to agricultural pursuits in this
hiffhl_\'-favored region, and selected historic Gilroy as
his abiding place. Along the banks of Creen River,
in Ohio County, Ixy.. on January 27, 181.), he entered
the family of James Thomas and his good wife, who
had been ili.^s Elizabeth Miller before her marriage;
and he was christened Masscy, after his Grandfather
Thomas, who in the stirring days of the American
Revolution, made an illustrious name for himself in
many of the battles waged for our independence.
Growing up, the grandfather removed from Virginia
to Tennessee, nothing daunted by the fact that he
had only rough pack trails instead of even country
roads to travel over; and with the responsibility of
caring for their infant child James, the intrepid
pioneer and his wife settled in Danville, Ky., where
they became neighbors, albeit at what today would be
considered handsomely distant, to the renowned Dan-
iel Boone, the hero of the Battle of Blue Licks, who
had doubly earned his title after the clever expedi-
ent by which he escaped from four armed Indians
through having thrown tobacco into their eyes and
blinded the redskins. Developed, like Boone and his
doughty sons, to hardihood and extreme self-depend-
ence, Iilassey Thomas after a while sought better
prospects on a farm in Ohio County; and there he
at last found a peaceful conclusion to his strenu-
ous earthly progress.

The grandson who had the honor of bearing the
brave old Massey's honored name, the subject of this
review, continued in Kentucky until the middle of his
teens, when he removed to Marion County, Mo., and
for three years \vorked hard to get a foothold. Then
he selected Lewis County for a farm investment, and
he developed the rough land into something more
indicative of civilization. When the news of the dis-
covery of gold in California, however, was received in
Missouri and the nei,ghboring region, Massey Thom-
as, like thousands of others, became restive and eager
to dare in the hope of sharing; and he was not long
in crossing the plains and ,going to the mines. He
\vas also not long in discovering that far more cer-
tain v,"ealth might be easily ac([uircd by catering to
those wdio were seeking the gold; hence he turned
his attention to teaming, and often earned as much
as thirty dollars a day.

A year and a half under the trying pioneer con-
ditions of California at this period of over-influx
and scanty provision was enough for the common-
sense of this practical, progressive man, and Mr.
Thomas, in the early spring of 185 L returned East,
reaching his old home in Missouri on February 15.
In .April he again came to the Coast, but this time he
brought with him a herd of 300 cattle, which he
knew would be worth more, in a «'ay, than the
much sought for gold in the mountains. By the mid-
dle of October he had located upon the 500 acres
which he was to make his celebrated home-place,
and there, with three-fifths of his acreage in the fer-

tile valley, he embarked in extensive farming to wheat
and barley. He also took up stock-raising ,- n
cultivation of fruit, improving his stock to the high-
est standard, and introducing from abroad, and cul-
tivating originally himself, some of the best and
choicest and newest varieties of fruits. In this way,
by the most scientific methods then known, he made
his farm one of the most valuable ranches in this part
of the county.

The marriage of Massey Thomas and Phoebe Bane
was one of the pleasant social events of that section
and period, the bride having been a daughter of
Baldwin and Nancy (Reynolds) Bane, and one of
the belles of Bracken County, in Kentucky,
where she was born December 12, 1821. She
could remember the stories handed down in
her family of her grandfather, who shouldered
a musket in the Continental Army, and she
could also recall many interesting anecdotes
about famous folks of by-gone days, for her maternal
.grandmother -was a sister of Daniel Webster, the
famous statesman and orator, and she was a meet
Thomas Reynolds, who was born in Kentucky in
1796, removed to Missouri, and died in 1844, in the
same year in which he concluded his four-year term
as Governor of Missouri, his untimely demise pre-
venting his reelection as a popular official. At the
beginning of her teens, Mrs. Thomas was taken to
),Iissouri by an older sister, and they located in Lewis
County in the fall of 1833; and later the family re-
moved to Pike County, Mo., where Mr. Bane died.
The following arc the children of Mr. and Mrs.
Thomas: James Baldwin Thomas, who attended the
San Jose schools and then went to Cambridge,
Mass., and lacked but one year of graduating from
college when he was stricken with pneumonia and
died, in 1859; Mary Susan, Mrs. W. O. Barker, now
deceased; Thomas Reynolds, was a grain-dealer in
(_;ilroy several years before his death. John and
William, twin-brothers, were born on October 8,
1843; the latter died in 1880, and John lives in Hol-
lister. Benjamin F. Thomas, who was born in 1846,
rose to distinction as a legal practitioner at Santa
Barbara and he died there in 1922. Louise E. died
in early childhood. Masscy, born on December 10,
1851, now lives on part of the home ranch, in the
old ranch house; and Clayton R. was born on Jan-
uary 25, 1854, and remamed with his parents; whde
Charles E., born three years later, died on the home
place. Mrs. Thomas died j\Iay 22, 1892. Originally
a stanch Whig, ilr. Thomas later espoused the cause
of the Democratic party seeking State sovereignty,
and with bis equally Christian wife, he became an
ardent worker in and a real pillar of the Christian
Church, helping both to found and to build up the
branch in Gilroy. All in all, Massey Thomas, rep-
resenting, with his accomplished wife, some of the
finest blood and traditions of American history, was
himself influential and helpful to an exceptional de-
gree in his day in hurrying on the great Pacific
commonwealth to her destiny, and he merited and
enjoj-ed the esteem and confidence of his fellow-
men to a high degree. He died at his home south
of Gilroy in 1900, aged eighty-seven years.

Qy^ca^^M^ <)J/^a7na<5

HISTORY OF SANTA Cf.ARA COUNTY

«5

MRS. ELIZABETH McCRACKEN.— A Cali-
fornia pioneer of exceptional interest, her long, fruit-
ful years of industry and sacrifice entitling her to
the esteem and gratitude of hoth those contemporary
with her and those who will come after and share
the benefits of her toil and good works, Mrs.
Elizabeth McCracken was born in Indiana on July 2,
1836, the daughter of William and Rosana (Pyle)
Whiteman, and the granddaughter of Edward J.
Pyle, who was a lad when the American Revolution
broke forth, and who fought with the Continental
Army. He came to California with the Pyle-White-
man party in 1846, and although he was an old man,
he was very active and supple, hale and hearty to
the time of his death.

William Whiteman was a native of Ohio; who came
to Indiana in the great Westward movement when
a young man, and married there. When Elizabeth
was four years old, her parents moved to Missouri,
where they acquired two farms about three miles
west of the site of St. Joseph; and there Mr. White-
man built two homes, a frame house and a brick
house, then among the best residences in that vicin-
ity, and he lived with his family upon one of his
farms until he came to California. The Pyle family
also moved to ^Missouri.

In the spring of 1846 the Pyle-Whiteman party
crossed the IMissouri River well supplied with pro-
visions, for Edward Pyle is said to have been such
a splendid provider that his party never wanted for
food. He had a unique way of packing some of his
provisions; on the floor of one of the wagons he
packed a layer of bacon, and then placed a solid
row of boards on top; and after that he added another
layer of bacon, and then more boards. He had plenty
of bacon and flour, and he drove several head of
cattle with oxen. He killed three head of cattle en
route for beef, and arrived in California still having
twelve head.

The Pyle party came ahead of the Donner party,
by the same route, and had an interesting, indirect
association with the latter. When the American
soldiers recovered from the Indians the cattle stolen
from the Donner party, they handed them over to
the Pyles; and when the advance guard of the Don-
ner party rode up to take possession of the cattle,
the Donner party were only three days' journey to
the rear. Not many persons were included in the
Pyle party. Edward Pyle, the grandfather, had two
wagons; William Whiteman had two wagons; John
Laird had one wagon; and Tom Pyle had one wagon,
and this small number was due to the policy pursued
of not having too large an amount of stock for which
feed had to be provided. Hence, the party was made
up of about twenty-five persons in all. William
Whiteman agreed to give John Laird one of the cows
in payment for his help along the way, and this
promise was kept. The Pyles experienced but little
trouble from the Indians. In the mountains, the
Donner party decided to take the Cut-off, or make
a short cut, while the Pyles continued to stick to
the old route; and it was through this unfortunate
decision by the Donner party that they were snow-
bound, while the others arrived safely and on time
at their destination.

The Pyles reached Sacramento in September, 1846,
just when Fremont was setting out for Southern
California, to fight the Indians; and as he took with
him every able-bodied man he could persuade to en-

hst, he drew upon tlie Pyle party for some of his
recruits. William Whiteman, however, did not go,
for he was suffering severely from asthma; and he
and Edward Pyle came on to San Jose, where they
arrived in October. They purchased land from the
Spaniards; but soon afterwards the Americans and
Spaniards had to fight the Digger Indians. William
Whiteman bought a tract of twelve acres from the
Spaniards, and built a frame house, the first in this
vicinity; and this piece of land is now directly at the
rear of the Hotel Vendome. Mr. Whiteman later
purchased 500 acres south of San Jose on the present
Alonterey road, and farmed that for a couple of years,
In 1848, however, the home was locked up and the
Whiteman family went to the mines. On the way
to Placerville William Whiteman, who had brought
the family and their provisions successfully across
the San Joaquin River, was drowned in attempting
the passage of an ordinary marsh. The party con-
tinued to Placerville and took up mining at Webber
Creek; and Mrs. Whiteman herself washed out as
much as sixteen dollars worth of gold in a single pan.
After her return to San Jose in 1849, Mrs. White-
man was swindled out. of her 50-acre farm; but she
was a good manager and soon acquired additional
property, and having more than recovered, she pro-
vided bountifully for her family. Some idea of what
those sturdy pioneers were able to do for those de-
pendent upon them may be gathered from the fact
that William Whiteman had built a home from logs
and timber brought dowm from the mountains, and
that the house was spacious enough to allow for a
parlor twenty feet square and a kitchen twelve feet
square. Later, Mrs. Whiteman went to Hollister and
lived there for many years; and only when she be-
came an old lady did she return to San Jose, where
she died at Mrs. McCracken's home.

In May, 1850, Elizabeth Whiteman was married
to James Monroe Brady, a noted horseman who had
brought five race horses to California. In 1851, he
took the horses to Los Angeles, and drove them in
the races; and he had the record of never losing a
race. He returned north in 1852, and Mr. and Mrs.
Brady then went to Los Angeles on a steamship,
\\hich was a rare thing in the Pacific waters. The
fare from San Francisco to Los Angeles was $1,000
for each passenger, and the trip was advertised as
possible in a day and a night; but on this occasion,
the ship was disabled and for five days was out of
sight on the ocean, finally drifting into Santa Barbara,
where it was repaired; when it went on its way, and
the passengers completed the trip. Mr. Brady was a
native of Tennessee, who had moved into Arkansas,
and from there had come to California. He died at
Los Angeles in 1857, the father of two children —
William, who died at the age of four, and Rose, who,
after teaching school for years, died aged twenty-
eight. Mr. Brady was a prominent Mason, and the
Masons took care of her and her babe, and assisted
her to settle her husband's estate.

When Mrs. Brady remarried, at San Jose, she
chose for her husband Dr. George McCracken, a
native of Ohio, and a graduate of Sterling College,
at Columbus. He had come to San Jose in the 'SO's,
and had intended to practise here; but his health re-
quired him to discontinue all professional work. He
then accepted a position with James A. Clayton,
the pioneer real estate dealer of San Jose, and for
twenty years he was with this firm. Prior to com-

436

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ing to San Jose, Dr. McCracken had practised, first
in Oregon and then at Ukiah, in Mendocino County.
During the last four years of his life, Mrs. Mc-
Cracken accompanied her husband in wide travels,
in an attempt to prolong his life; but despite all
that affection and means might of¥er, he finally passed
away. Five children sprang from this union: DeWitt
Clinton, AVilliam Henry, Lydia May, Margaret Re-
becca, and George. Mrs. McCracken died in 1921.

DeWitt Clinton, the first-born, joined the family
circle on December 21, 1859, and attended the San
Jose public school that stood on St. James' Square —
the park there then having a picket fence around it,
and when he was a boy, he lived on the ranch just
back of the present Hotel Vendome. One of his
chores was to take the cows to a twenty-acre pasture
north of the town; and many a time, as he well re-
calls, James Lick, the miller and capitalist, coming
along the road, beckoned to the lad to ride in the
carriage with him back to his house. For a while.
DeWitt worked at odd jobs, and then for four years
he clerked for Durby & Lowe in the Almaden store.
He next formed a partnership witli his brother-in-
law, Mr. Bohlman, and ran a stage from San Jose
to Almaden, carryin.g also the United States mail,
and after some years he sold out, went to Colorado
and there engaged in the hotel business at Mount
Rose. He sold his hotel, returned to San Jose, and
for five years worked in the butcher shop at the Al-
maden mines; and then for three years he engaged
in the livery stable business in San Jose. Selling
out, he took a position with Mr. Blanchard in the hay
and feed business, and for the last fifteen years he
was with F. Mattenbergcr in the same business, at
the same location. A Democrat in his bias as to na-
tional affairs, Mr. McCracken is too good a citizen to
allow partisan politics to interfere with his "boosting"
his home locality. Flis marria,ge united him with
Miss Ada Bohlman; they have one daughter. Miss
Cola McCracken, who graduated from the State Nor-
mal School at San Jose, and is one of the teachers
at the Gardner School.

E. N. BROWN.— As manager of Palo Alto Stock
Farm, at Palo Alto, E. N. Brown has a wide ac-
quaintance among dairymen and breeders throu,gh-
out the state. Mr. Brown was born in Scotland on
September 4, 1872. His father, William Brown,
was a veterinarian, farmer and stockman. His mother,
who was Nellie Nixon, is still enjoying life at the
age of ninety-eight. Of the ten children in the
"Brown family. E. N. is the seventh, and his educa-
tion was obtained in the schools of his native land.
While yet youthful he came with an older sister and
some friends to America and entered the employ of
the Wells Fargo h'.xpress Company at Tuxedo Park,
N. Y., remaining with this company for six years.
When the Spanish-American War broke out he
entered the transport service, stationed for a time
at Bellevue Hospital and later aboard the hos-
pital ship, Solace. After the close of the war he came
to San Francisco, and in 1900 again became inden-
tified with the transport service. Assigned to the
transport Logan, for seven years he sailed the Pa-
cific Ocean, making twenty trips on this vessel to and
from Manila, P. I. For the next twelve years he
was superintendent of the South San Francisco
Water Company. Following his term as superinten-
dent of the water company he went to ranching at

Baden. There he became known as a breeder, dairy-
man and poultryman of note and prospered as a re-
sult of his operations.

Disposing of his cattle and poultry interests, Mr.
Brown came to Palo Alto in December, 1920, as
manager of Palo Alto Stock Farm, one of the finest
dairy farms in California. This farm, the property
of the Lcland Stanford Estate, is held under lease
by Mr. Herbert Fleischhacker, of San Francisco. The
farm contains 5,500 acres and on it was built the
historic Stanford residence and the far-famed Stan-
ford winery. There the elder Stanford maintained
one of the greatest horse breeding establishments
of all time, and bred, owned and developed some
of the fastest horses in the world. The winery has
been converted into a dairy barn and is serving its
present purpose admirably. Some of the highest
record cows in the world are owned by Palo Alto
Stock Farm, among them, Johanna Princess Mooie
2d, former world's champion for 365-day milk pro-
duction in the junior three-year-old class with a pro-
duction of 1,172 pounds of butter and 25,596 pounds
milk, and Kiatta Pontiac Pride, that has just broken
the world's record in the junior four-year-old class
with a 365-day production of 31,340 pounds of milk.
Over twenty cows in the herd have milked over 100
pounds of milk in a day on official test and it is prob-
able that this is the .greatest milk-producing herd of
cows in the world.

In November, 1905, Mr. Brown was married to
Elizabeth Fox, a daughter of Charles and Ella Fox,
now of Pacific Grove, but formerly of San Jose.
The\' are the parents of three children, Evelyn,
Nixon and Betty. Both are prominent in Masonic
circles, Mr. Brown being past master of Francis
Drake Lodge, No. 376, F. & A. M. of South San
Francisco, a noble of Islam Temple, a charter mem-
ber of the Masonic Club of San Francisco, and a
member of the Sciots, of Palo Alto. He is a member
of the Holstcin-Friesian Association of America,
and a member and director of the California Hol-
stein Breeders Association.

FRANKLIN HIGHBORN.— Rated as among the
leadin.g controversial journalists of the Pacific Slope,
most successfully active in reform movements and
le.gislation affecting the welfare of the entire Golden
State, Franklin Hichborn has become also a national
fi.gure, wielding an influence for political and so-
cial betterment effective far beyond the confines of
California. He was born at Eureka, Cal., on Oc-
tober 7, 1869, the son of John Edwin Hichborn, a
descendant of Thomas Hichborn, who landed in Bos-
ton about 1640. Thomas Hichborn was the grand-
father of Deborah Hichborn, a native of Boston,
who was the mother of Paul Revere, of midnight
ride fame. Robert Hichborn, Deborah's brother,
was hranklin Hichborn's Revolutionary ancestor, his
great-.great-grandfather He was militant in the Rev-
olution, and fou.ght at Bunker Hill. He was a mem-
ber of the Boston Committee of Safety, and was
commissioned first lieutenant in Jonathan Stoddard's
company, Henry Bromfield's regiment, of the Massa-
chusetts militia. After the Revolution, Robert
Hichborn moved to Maine with his family, and estab-
lished the first shipbuilding plant at Stockton Springs,
Maine. Franklin Hichborn's ancestors were thus
among the first pioneers of Massachusetts and Maine,
as his father was one of the early pioneers in Call-

HISTOm' OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

437

fornia. John Edwin Hichboni, his fatlicr, married
Frances Hunt and came around the Horn in 1852,
when he was seven months on the way, landing at
San Francisco in the fall of that year, l^ater he went
to Humboldt Count\', where he built the first wharf
on the F^urcka waterfront, and established the first
produce business in the country.

Franklin Hichborn attended both Santa Clara Co^
lege and Stanford University, studying at the latter
institution during 1892-94. Santa Clara College
eventually, in 1903, conferred upon him the honorary
degree of Master of Arts. From 1894-97, he was the
publisher of the San Jose Letter; in 1897-98 he was
the city editor of the Fresno Expositor; in 1899 he
edited the Winnemucca, Nevada, Silver State; for a
year, beginning w'ith 1900, he published the San Jose
Spectator; from 1902 to 1904 he edited the San Jose
Herald; from 1904 to 1906 he was news editor of the
Sacramento Union; and from 1906 to 1919 lie was
active as both a writer and a lecturer on political
and economic subjects, while from 1915 to 1917 he
published the Legislative Bulletin at Sacramento.

As a lineal descendant of some of the best Amer-
ican families, Franklin Hiehborn's voice and pen have
ever been at the service of justice, truth and right,
and he has conducted several state-wide publicity
campaigns of great value in their salutarj' effect
on public morals. One, in 1912, defeated the attempt,
under initiative provisions and the state constitution,
to restore race-track gambling in California. In 1913,
his historic work, "The System, as LIncovered by the
San Francisco Graft Prosecution," did a great deal
toward cleaning up San Francisco. In 1914 he brought
about the ratification of the "redlight" abatement act,
and as late as 1920 he published an effective brochure
on "Red Morals," in which he discussed the social
evil in Europe and America. He has become one of
the most conscientious and ablest advocates of na-
tional prohibition and defenders of the eighteenth
amendment, and his power to handle this difficult
theme against other able and differing advocates is
shown in his reply to Father Jerome Sixtus Ricard,
the famous astronomer and director of Santa Clara
Observatory, who, in the San Jose Mercury-Herald,
attacked the amendment and the proposition of pro-
hibition and pleaded for the American's rights to
personal liberty.

Other publications of Mr. Hichborn are the "Stories
of the California Legislature" — 4 volumes, 1909, 1911,
1913, 1915, "The Social Evil in California as a Polit-
ical Problem," and "The Parochial School vs. The
Melting Pot," and just what value these fruits of the
California reformer have, may easily be seen from a
number of critical reviews from sources worthy of
national consideration. Francis J. Heney, who con-
ducted the San Francisco graft prosecution, said:
"I have read The System' with deep interest. It is
the only accurate and complete account of the San
Francisco graft prosecutions which has ever been
published in any form. Mr. Hichborn has performed
a most important public service. The perpetuity of
republican institutions depends upon the masses be-
ing able to secure correct information, and to thus
acquire a correct understanding of the underlying
causes of corruption and of bad government in our
cities, states, and nation. 'The System' will make
plain to every intelligent reader just what these

underlying causes of corruption and bad government
are. It ought to be read by every person in the
state above the age of twelve years. It is a clear,
logical, sane, and fair history of one of the most im-
portant periods in the life of San Francisco." So,
too. Harper's Weekly praised Mr. Hiehborn's search-
light inquires into California legislative proceedings,
when it said: "To Franklin Hichborn, more than to
any other journalist, is due the sweeping tide of polit-
ical reform in California. The stern facts, marshalled
in his "Stories of the California Legislature" for three
successive sessions have been fatal to those con-
demned by them. In the preface to his latest book,
'The System,' he says: 'It is my purpose — as far as
it lies in my power — to keep the cover off.' In that
phrase lies the temper of his service. Dispassionate
as a recording angel, keen as a detective hero, he
does not need to muckrake but is content to let the
logic of his facts bring their own unsparing con-
clusions. While the traditional 'machine' of his gen-
eration was still dominant in California, he saw that
it was not so important to know what was done as
how it was done; so he inerely turned the clock
around, took out the hack and showed the voter how
the machine worked. In other words, for the last
six years he has devoted himself to telling, without
fear or malice, the record of every man in the Legis-
lature, on every important measure; to tracing the
influences of special privilege through lobby and hall;
to laying bare the hidden and interwoven roots
which produce corruption." And Collier's Weekly,
equally famous as a national periodical, added:
"Roosevelt's speech, in which he made famous the
phrase, 'the strenuous life,' was delivered at Chicago
in 1899. Reading it, we find the exhortation: 'Read
the Congressional Record.' And then follow several
paragraphs of an emphatic call to search the votes,
roll-calls, and other official records of Congress, and
to base approval or disapproval of public men upon
these records. Exactly this sort of searching of the
records is one of the things that has led to the
political revolution of the past decade. Among the
more potent agents of this political revolution are
the men who have gone into official records which
were obscure and complex, and made them simple
and available to the general public. Conspicuous
among the men who have done this is Mr, Franklin
Hichborn, who, at the end of each session of the
California Legislature, compiles a book in which he
analyzes the record of every member, and the history
of all the important bills. Every voter in California
should read it. Voters elsewhere should know about
it, and try to secure a like institution in their own
states."

At Fresno, on December 31, 1897, Mr. Hichborn
was married to Miss Mabel Houlton, of Santa Clara,
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Greenleaf Houlton, and
granddaughter of the founder of Houlton, Maine.
Five children have blessed this union. The eldest
bears, very appropriately, the historic name of Paul
Revere, while the next in the order of birth is
Deborah, who in 1920 married David T. Rayner.
The others are Drusilla, Mabel, and Frances. A
Progressive Republican, Mr. Hichborn is a member
of the San Francisco Press Club and the National
Economic League. He resides with his family at
1091 Fremont Street, Santa Clara.

438

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

SPENCER MORROW MAZE.— One of the early
pioneers of Santa Clara County, who furnished a
splendid example of the self-made man, and whose
career is worthy of note, is Spencer Morrow Maze,
who passed away May 11, 1916, at his home in Gil-
roy, highly respected by all who knew him. A
Kentuckian by birth, he was born July 16, 1830, m
Henry County. The parents of Spencer Maze were
John and Sarah (Morrow) Maze, both also natives of
Kentucky, the former born January 16, 1788, and the
latter, July 17, 1792. They were married November
29, 1808, and were the parents of nine children:
Enoch, Elizabeth, Polly, Patsy, Sarah, Chesley, Eliza,
Spencer M., and Pleasant, all of whom are now de-
ceased. In 1834 the family moved to Illinois, locat-
ing m Macoupin County, where the father bought up
government land in large sections and continued his
occupation of farnnng. After having located ia Illi-
nois, John !Maze returned to Kentucky to settle up
his affairs and while there died, September 6, 1835.
His widow remained on the farm in Illinois for eight
jears. and died May 24, 1843, when vSpencer M. was
but thirteen years of age.

Left an orphan thus early in life, Spencer iu'st took
up his residence with his brother Enoch, who soon
removed to Carlton, where two years later Enoch
died. Spencer then became an apprentice to learn
the wagonmaker's trade and applied himself for three
years, receiving ten cents a day and board for his
services. At the end of three years he had thoroughly
mastered the details of that business and in March,
1849, he set out across the plains behind mule teams.
without a relative in the party, but being in company
with Colonel Fry and James Ralston and Mr. vSharon.
who afterwards built the Palace Hotel in San h'ran-
cisco. Upon arriving in Sacramento, August 3, 1849,
he, in company with Colonel Fry, went to the .gold
mines in the American River Valley, spending his
first winter at Georgetown. His work in the mines
proved unsuccessful and within two }'ears he gave it
up altogether. Going to Santa Clara County in 1851,
Mr. Maze first located in the vicinity of Alviso and
engaged in farming for a year and a half; going next
to Saratoga, he took up his trade of wagon maker
and blacksmith for five years and was successful in
his undertaking. In August, 1858, he first came to
the Gilroy district, and two years later purchased
what was known as the Maze home ranch of 200
acres, which he operated for almost thirty years as a
dairy farm. In 1886, Mr. Maze retired from active
duties of life and moved to (.^dlroy. where he spent
the remainder of his days, a worth\- citizen of the
locality. While residing in Saratoga, in May, 1855,
he married Miss Amanda Gruwell, a native of Iowa,
where she was born in January, 1837, a daughter of
Labon Gruwell, who crossed the plains iiv 1852, bring-
ing his family. Mr. and Mrs. Maze were the parents
of five children: Edward Record; Ella Pearl, became
the wife of Dr. J. R. Reily and she died aged about
forty years; there were two boys who died in infancy;
and Miss France Spencer Maze, of Gilroy. Mr. Maze
nas a Republican in politics and was a patriotic citi-
zen, as shown by the fact that from 1861 to 1865 he
served as a member of the Home Guards, first as a
private, then promoted to be captain. After locating
on his ranch in the south end of Santa Clara County,
Mr. Maze found the place covered with wild mus-

tard, no cultivation at all, and he had to do some very
hard pioneering work to first get his crops put in.
During the years 1865-66-67-68, when he couldn't
make the ranch pay, he would walk from his ranch
six miles to Gilroy, to work at his trade and back each
night, receiving $3.50 per day.

EMORY GRIGSBY SINGLETARY.— Among the

most promising young business men of San Jose, who
was making a success of the career his ambition had
marked out for him, was the late Emory Grigsby
Singletary, a cultured, scholarly young man; a native
son, born in vSan Jose on September 3, 1882, he was
the son of the late Emory C Singletary and his wife,
Florence Grigsby Singletary, also represented in this
work. One of twin brothers, our subject was reared
in San Jose, attending the public schools, Belmont
Academy and Stanford University, taking a course in
mining engineering, after which for some years he
\vas employed by Palmer, McBride & Quayle as con-
struction engineer. While at Stanford University he
was a member of Sigma Chi Fraternity.

In San Jose, May 24, 1909, Mr. Singletary was
united in marriage with Miss Margaret E. McGeoghe-
gan. Mr. Singletary continued with Palmer, McBride
<!<: Quayle until the death of his father in 1911, when
with his l)rother he returned to San Jose to take
charge of the large estate, rapidly becoming prominent
in financial circles and with a promising career before
him. On December 1, 1918, he was stricken with the
influenza and in spite of his rugged constitution and
great strength he could not withstand the severe at-
tack of this disease, but was taken away December
10. Mrs. Singletary was also a victim of the in-
fluenza and for a time her life was despaired of, but
she recovered to mourn the loss of her husband and
to care for the two bright boys that blessed their
union, Emory Curtis and John Grigsby. He was a
Knight Templar and a Shriner and was buried with
Masonic honors.

Mr. Singletary Avas an acknowledged leader among
the younger generation of business men of Santa
Clara County, as well as in civic and social life, and
his death was a severe blow to the community which
held him in high regard, and an irreplacable loss to
his immediate family. The memory of his life, which
was one of integrity and honesty of purpose, winning
for him the respect of all who came in contact with
him, is a great comfort and consolation to Mrs. Sin-
gletary, who was very proud of his ability and rise
in the business world.

Since her husband's death, Mrs. Singletary has con-
tinued to reside at her comfortable home at 50 Fre-
mont Street, which Mr. Singletary built a short time
before his death, her life interest being centered in
her young sons, who were so early deprived of a
father's care and counsel. A woman of culture and
rare amiability, she is greatly interested, as was her
husband, in the general progress and welfare of the
.;ommunity. A native daughter, she was born in San
Francisco, coming to San Jose when she was a child;
here she received her education in Notre Dame Col-
lege and the San Jose public schools, soon after which
occurred her marriage, which proved a very happy
one. Her father, John T. McGeoghegan, a pioneer
resident of San Francisco, was very prominent in
financial circles, both in that city and San Jose. For
a number of years he served on the school board m
San Francisco, as well as holding other offices of trust

(J 'Th'^oA^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

44]

and honor, and was a man whose intr.^rily was un-
questioned and wlio eould always he depeiideil upon
to do his full duty with eapahleness and ahih't\-. His
marriage oeeurred in San h'raneiseo in 187,\ and
united him with Miss Margaret Smith, whose family
were also prominent pioneers uf California. She was
a very beautiful and aceomplished woman and de-
cidedly popular in the soeial life of San Jose. lioth
Mr. and itrs. iNIcGeoghegan have passed away, leav-
ing a family of seven children.

GEORGE C. SINGLETARY.— Born and reared
in San Jose, since reaching the years of his manhood
George C. Singletary has taken his place among the
forceful citizens of this city, and proving himself a
worthy representative of an honored pioneer family.
His father, Emory C. Singletary, was one of Santa
Clara County's prominent pioneer citizens, who led
a busy and useful life.

The descendant of one of the early colonial fam-
ilies of New England, Emory C. Singletary was born
May 16. 1824, at Holdcn, Mass., and on both sides
of the house he was closely connected with families
of distinction. He grew to manhood on the ances-
tral homestead in Massachusetts, and migrating in
1840 to the Far \\'est, as it was then considered,
finally located in \\'alworth County, Wis., where he
engaged in farming and stock raising, subsequently
became an extensive cattle dealer throughout Mis-
souri, Illinois and Wisconsin. On these travels he
became acquainted with many of the prominent men
of the state and it was among his treasured mem-
ories that he had the privilege of knowing the great
Emancipator, Abraham Lincoln.

In 1863, Emory C. Singletary started across the
plains in a party of nineteen men, driving 200 head
of cattle. After several skirmishes with the Indians,
they arrived via Beckwith Pass, in Colusa County,
in October of that year. Here Mr. Singletary pur-
chased land and embarked in farming and stock
raising and at that time was one of the largest and
best-known cattle dealers in the state, and also one
of the largest landowners, holding title to over
35,000 acres. In 1873, having sold 7,700 acres of his
land, he removed to Santa Clara Valley, and his
health becoming impaired, he settled in San Jose.
In 1874 he helped to organize the First National
Bank of San Jose and was its vice-president, and was
a leader in financial circles here throughout his life.
For a number of years he was a director of the State
Agricultural Society, of which he was a life member;
also one of the organizers of the Yuba County Fair.

The first marriage of Mr. Singletary, in Walworth,
Wis., united him with Miss Caroline A. Wilson, a
native of Ohio, and a daughter of Alexander Wilson,
a pioneer farmer of Wisconsin. She passed away in
Colusa County, Cal., January 11, 1877. Mr. Single-
tary's second marriage united him with Miss Flor-
ence Gri.gsby, who was born near Potosi, Grant
County, Wis., a daughter of William E. Grigsby, wdio
is still living, hale and hearty at the age of 102, at
Aberdeen, S. D., his family fully as distinguished as
the Singletarys'. After finishing her education in
Wisconsin, Mrs. Singletary came to the Pacific
Coast, and taught school, first at Portland, Ore.,
and later in Santa Clara County. She then entered
the San Jose Normal School, and after her gradua-
tion there she resumed teaching in this institution
until her marriage. Mrs. Singletary is a sister of
the late Col. Melvin Grigsby, colonel of the cele-

brated Cowboy Regiment in the Spanish-American
War, and who was a noted lawyer and politician of
Sioux Falls, S. D., and one of her nephews, wdio has
made his mark in the world, is Hon. George Grigsby
of San Francisco, wdio was formerly attorney-general
of Alaska. A woman of great executive ability,
Airs. Singletary is a natural leader in all forward
niovements and has always been a social favorite in
San Jose, her home at 1245 Alameda being the center
of much hospitality. Mrs. Singletary is a member
of Isabella Chapter, D. A. R., and is an active mem-
ber of the Episcopal Church of San Jose. Her
mother was Rhoda Thomas, a granddaughter ot
Massey Thomas, wdio fought in the Revolutionary
War, serving in Captain John Gillson's Company,
Sixth Virginia Regiment, which was under the com-
mand of Col. John Green.

^ George C. Singletary, with his twin brother, Emory
Grigsby Singletary, was born on September 3, 1882,
at San Jose. There the brothers grew up, attending
the public school, also Belmont Academy, and lastly
Stanford University, pursuing the course in mining
engineering, but before graduating, George entered
the employ of the Alta Mining and Smelting Com-
pany in Arizona. After one year there he engaged
as construction engineer for the firm of Palmer,
McBride and Quayle, general contractors and rail-
road builders. When their father, Emory C. Single-
tary, passed away in 1910, George and Emory, both
of whom were employed by Palmer, McBride and
Quayle, returned to San Jose and formed a partner-
ship known as Singletary Brothers, and assumed the
management of his large estate, at once becoming
prominent in the financial circles of their native city.
George C. was president of the San Jose Abstract
Company, and in 1919 he helped to organize the
Growers Bank and is its vice-president, and he is
also vice-president of the Lewis Company, dealers
in bonds, mortgages, loans and insurance.

In December, 1918, Emory Grigsby Singletary
passed away. A leader among San Jose's progres-
sive young men, his passing was a blow to the entire
community, but most of all to his brother, for not
only had they been inseparable during their boyhood
days, but they had been in the closest association
during all their years in business. Since his death,
George C. Singletary has been the active manager
of the partnership of Singletary Bros., Mrs. Mar-
garet Singletary retaining her husband's interest.

George Singletary's marriage, which occurred in
San Jose Nov. 24, 1910, united him with Miss Elsie
Byron, a daughter of Daniel J. and Mary (Collins)
Byron. Mr. Byron was born in San Francisco and
was a prominent contractor of San Jose and San
Francisco, erecting many of the business blocks in
both cities. He is now retired and lives at San Jose.
Mr. and Mrs. Singletary are the parents of one son,
Byron Curtiss Singletary, and the family residence
is at 1249 Alameda. A man of clear insight, integ-
rity and executive force, Mr. Singletary is highly re-
garded, and in financial circles is one of San Jose's
most successful men. Prominent in Masonic circles,
he is a member of Friendship Lodge No. 210, F.
& A. M., the Consistory in San Jose, and of the
Shrine in San Francisco, being affiliated with Islam
Temple, A, A, O, N, M. S. Politically he gives his
influence and vote to the candidates of the Republi-
can party, and is a member of the Country Club and
the Progressive Business Men's Club.

44:

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

MRS. SARAH A. FOSS.— Surrounded by a large
circle of friends, by whom she is greatly loved for
her rare qualities of mind and heart, Mrs. Sarah A.
Foss maintains the Foss home at 444 Lakchouse
Avenue. San Jose, which has been her home for more
than a quarter of a century. A native daughter, whose
father and husband were both honored pioneers of
the state, her life has been interwoven with the events
and affairs of the county's history. Her father, John
Snyder, was one of the county's largest and most
successful ranchers and he occupied a prominent place
in its affairs for many years.

Beginning his life history in Harrison, County, Ind,.
on February 11, 1828, John Snyder was a son of
Joseph K. and Sarah (F'leniing) Snyder, the former
born in Philadelphia and the latter in France. The
name was originally F'laraande and was changed to
Fleming in this country for convenience. Grandmother
Sarah Flamande and her orphan sister Louise, who be-
came Mrs. Henry Bowen, came, when young ladies, to
Philadelphia with Stephen Oirard, and they made their
home with his family until they married. Mr. and
Mrs. Joseph Sn^-der settled in Indiana in 1821 and in
1839 they removed to what is now Tipton, Cedar,
County, Iowa. In 1849, when John Snyder was
twenty-one, with his father and brother-in-law, Moses
Bunker, he joined a small party starting across the
plains, consisting of two wagons with ox teams. One
more wa.gon joined them at the Missouri River and
the small part}- crossed the plains alone, suffering
many hardships and privations en route. They tar-
ried for a time at Redding Springs, now Shasta, on
reaching California, and then went on to the present
location of Chico. Joseph K. Snyder and Mr. Bunker
soon returned to Iowa, and John Snyder remained
and engaged in mining. While thus employed in
Trinity County, the camp provisions ran low and Mr.
Snyder was one of those chosen to go to Humboldt
Bay to replenish their supplies, and he was also a
member of a party to make a trad to the Salmon
River from Trinity County, at the time of the dis-
covery of the Scott River. At a later period Mr. Sny-
der made another trip to the Scott River and took
considerable gold out of Scott Bar, going from there
to Sacramento. Between the years of 1850-55, he
spent some time in the vicinity of San Jose, and in the
redwood country, and in 1855 he came here to settle
permanently.

It was in 1855 that Mr. Snyder was married to Miss
Martha Kifer, born in Mt. Sterling, Ky., who came
across the plains with her parents, John and Lucv
(Martin) Kifer, in 1853, the family settling near
Mountain View, where Mr. Kifer became a large
landowner and a prominent farmer, and Kifer Road
was named in his honor. Mr, Snyder farmed near
Santa Clara until 1859, when he bought a farm at
Mountain 'View and continued there until 1865. Mean-
while, however, he had bought the great ranch on
Permanente Creek in 1861, which was the family
home for so many years. It originally consisted of
1,160 acres and his grain crop of 1862 was the first
raised in this section. His success encouraged others,
and this section became famous as a grain country.
He also planted a prune orchard and a vineyard and
was the owner of a large tract of land in Monterey
County. Mr. Snyder passed away in 1901, aged sev-
enty-three, and Mrs. Snyder survived him until Jan-

uary 12, 1918, passing away at the age of eighty-one,
having lived in the one house for fifty-six years.

I'he eldest of the family of five children of this
worthy couple. Sarah Ann Snyder, now^ Mrs. "Wm.
!■'. Foss, of this review, was born on the Kifer Road
near Santa Clara and spent her girlhood days on the
great ranch of her father on Permanente Creek, at-
tending the public school of that vicinity. At her
parents' home May 22, 1884, she was married to
William F. Foss, who was born at Biddeford, York
Count\-, Maine, February 11, 1849. In June, 1857,
he came with his parents to California via the Isthmus
of Panama, and for a year they lived in Nevada
County, going from there to New York Flat near
Brownsville, Yuba County, wdicrc they remained un-
til 1870. William F. Foss attended the Normal School
at San Francisco, obtaining a certificate to teach and
for a time taught in Yuba and Butte counties. Later
he entered the San Jose State Normal School when
it was first opened in San Jose, from which he was
graduated in 1873, and for fifteen years was engaged
in teaching in different counties of California, for
eight years of this time he was principal of Mountain
View School. He then engaged in the real estate
business, a partner in the firm of F'oss & Hicks of
San Jose, and in this field he continued successfully
for many years, passing away on April 30, 1918, aged
sixty-nine, an upright, exemplar)- citizen, standing
high in the esteem of the community. He was a
prominent Mason, and was also well known in the
ranks of the Knights of Pythias.

Mr. and Mrs. F'oss were blessed by the birth of a
daughter, Wilma, who is now the wife of Martin
Rogers, the son of W. J. Rogers, the wealthy lumber-
man of San Francisco. They make their home at the
Foss residence at 444 Lakehouse Avenue, w^hich Wil-
liam F. Foss erected in 1893, and which has been the
family home since January 1, 1894. Blessed with an
abundance of this world's goods, Mrs. Foss presides
over her home with grace and dignity, dispensing the
old time Californian hospitality. Cultured and refined,
with her kind and generous spirit she radiates an
atmosphere of peace and harmony far beyond its
l)ounds. She was reared in the Episcopal faith, but
for some years has been a student and adherent of
Christian Science.

COLONEL D. H. BRYANT.— Well known, par-
ticularly in Santa Clara County, where he has ap-
peared on the rostrum of every city, village and ham-
let in his various campaigns as a public-spirited
citizen, and enjoying an enviable popularity through-
out the state as the honored and ever-welcome head
of one of the most efficient army and navy political
organizations in the world, Col. D. H. Bryant lives
in well-earned retirement at his hoine at 286 West
San Carlos Street, San Jose. He was born in Rich-
mond, Chittenden County, Vt., on December 29,
1842, the son of Calvin Bryant, who came across the
great plains in 1849 with his brother, RoUa Bryant,
and for awhile mined at Downicville. Later, he re-
moved to Humboldt County and there acquired a
large acreage of land upon which he farmed. He
lived to be eighty-eight years old, and died in Hum-
boldt County. He married Miss Carolina Gardner,
a native of Bennington, Vt., of Scotch parentage.

The youngest of a family of four children, our
subject had only common school advantages; but
being naturally observing and inclined to reflection.

i^yi^aA^ 0{^ '\Z/o=S^^

HISTORY ol' SANTA CLARA CUUNTV

445

Ir' has since then acc|uirci-l both information and ex-
perience, and he has steadily risen to positions where
he has not onl>- succeeded himself, but ho has been
able to be of the greatest service to others. At the
outbreak of the Civil War he volunteered in defense
of the I'nion. and so came to yet his real schooling
in the Arm> . He enlisted earl\' as a member of
Company K, Fifth Vermont \'olunteer Infantry, but
when the war continued, he asked to be transferred
to the retrnlar army. He was therefore made a mem-
ber of Company C. Fifth U. S. Cavalry-, commanded
by Captain dleason. who in turn \\-as under General
Merritt. and he under Cicneral George Stoneman.
Later he was in William Woods Averell's brigade
in Stoneman's famous raids in \'irginia. around Rich-
mond, and on September 15. 1861, he crossed the
famous old chain brid.ge over the Potomac River,
and thus reached \'irginia. where he weathered many
terrific engagements. (Jn July 21. 18o3. while fol-
lowing Lee's rear, he received a severe wound in the
right forearm, torn almost the entire length b\- the
ball, the occasion being one month to the day after
he had carried to the rear an injured comrade; and
strange to say. when he was stricken down, he was
sent to Lincoln Hospital on Capitol Llill, and with-
out knowing it. ^vas placed in a bed next to that
same comrade. He sufifered eleven days of agony
from his wound, with only dirtv underclothes to
cover his bodw and most of the time he was uncon-
scious. One day he heard a voice at his side calling.
'Aly Godl oh. my God!" and looking up. he saw
for the first time, his comrade. He was visited seven
times by President J^incoln, and was cared for by
the nurses and Sisters of Mercy as best they could
in such trying emergencies. Such an experience as
this of the two comrades. Colonel Bryant says, still
cements the old Grand i\rmy of the Republic in such
a solid body. After his wounds had healed, the in-
trepid soldier was discharged with honor.

On July 8. 1864. he sailed for California from New
\ ork via Panama, and on August 8 he landed in
San Francisco. On arriving at the Bay City he
worked for his uncle. Solomon Pierce, at Point Reyes
in ilarin Count)': the latter owned a part of the old
Shafter Ranch, and there maintained two dairies.
and he was one of the wealthiest earlier California
ranchers. He then went to Sonoma Count)- and
clerked in a store at Stewart's Point, on Fisherman's
Bay, owned by .\ndrew Fisk; and the job was suffi-
ciently satisfactory to hold him there for fifteen
months. Then, with a Matt Eugley, he took a con-
tract to cut. haul and deliver logs to Piatt's Mill;
and for a season the)- worked about forty men and
forty head of horses.

On July IS. 1868. Mr. Bryant was married at
Ferndale. in Humboldt County, to Miss Dora \\'ool-
ridge. after which he bought land which he farmed
for awhile. He then accepted a position as general
manager and superintendent of a large ranch owned
by the Hon. Joseph Russ, his brother-in-law, a
wealthy and influential Humboldt citizen, who was
at one time a candidate for the governship of Cali-
fornia. He owned from 18,000 to 20,000 head of
cattle, and about 60,000 head of sheep, and he had an
enormous acreage of timber land on the Eel River,
and some land in Trinity County. He had his local
office in Eureka, Cal., -svhile his main office was at
10 California Street, San Francisco. He was a large

meat exporter, ami luid live large schooners and two
s.-iw mills. Wlun hi.s health gave out under the
-strain of such a responsibility, Mr. Bryant succeeded
bim in the management of the estates. Air. Russ
linally passed away, at the age of eighty-nine, and the
estate was then divided.

Mr. Bryant then removed to Santa Clara County
I" 18i),S, and engaged in the raising of fruit ■ and
within a period of five years he owned seven or-
chards and truit-driers. and was rated high among
truit men. In 1895. he bought a home at 286 West
San Carlos .\venue. San Jose, and there he has made
his home e\-er since.

In addition to attending to his extensive and in-
creasing orchard business, Mr. Brvant has kept in
con.stant touch with men of affairs. He was political
advisor to, and investigator for. Governor Gage and
later tor Governor Pardee and also the Hon Geo C
Perkins; and he still has in his files some two hun-
dred letters Irom Governor Pardee. Through the
c^arnest solicitations of men of the state. Colonel
hr)'ant was appointed agent bv Governor (Gillette
for the Southern District, to see that the provisions
tor guarding against the bubonic plague were ear-
ned out. and so he came to be interested, for years
111 public health work. His chief work was to compel
the boards of supervisors to do their duty in using
the money appropriated for that purpose, and he
operated so fearlessly that the most salutary results
were obtained. In this campaigning, as well as m
the discharge of other public services, Colonel Bryant
visited every section of California, from San Fran-
cisco south, and so became one of the best-known
Cahtormans of this section. The Normal School at
San Jose and its great work he interested himself
m. and on several occasions has appeared there as
the chief speaker.

To Colonel Er)-ant is to be given, also, the chief
credit for the organization of the Army & Navy
League, a Republican club of California, of which he
was the president and commander for several years.
This association is comprised of forty-four clubs, was
organized in 1878, and has an active membership of
.^2.000 men. It was as the popular head of this
-\rmy and Navy League that our subject was chris-
tened "Colonel." a title he bears with becoming
dignity. He belongs to the Pioneers of Santa Clara
County and the Grand Army of the Republic. Colonel
Bryant has been a valued contributor for a number
of years to the local press on important topics of
interest to the general public.

Eight children have been born to Colonel and Mrs.
Bryant, and all have been fortunate in their lives
never to have needed a physician. Frederick Carlos
is an orchardist in Washington. Anna is the wife
of Robt. P. Clapp, the secretary of the A. L. Jones
Motor Company of Denver. F^tta is the wife of J.
L. Rose, the well-known attorney of Oakland. Lyiia
is the wife of Irving Linn, an electrician of San Jose.
Arthur is in the lumber business in Portland. Ore.
Frank, of San Jose, is a successful concrete bridge
builder and also road builder, and among other con-
tracts built the Alum Rock Highway. Arleigh is in
the Philippines; and Ralph is consulting and con-
struction engineer in the employ of the Southern
Pacific. Colonel Br)-ant has o\vned various ranches,
and their several locations are not without interest.
They have been on Williams Road, Kemble Road,

446

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Mountain View Road, and Pierce Road; and the
last ranch he had — sold about five years ago — was
on Fleming Avenue.

ROBERT BLANCH.— A thoroughly progressive,
up-to-date and successful rancher, Robert Blanch, of
Maybury Road, to the northeast of San Jose, is doubly
interesting as the son of the late Charles Blanch,
who was born in Gloucestershire, England, on Feb-
ruary 20, 1831, and there he grew up as a farmer.
He came to the United States in 1851, and for three
years farmed in Iowa; and then he went to Minne-
sota and kept liravely at farming there for five years,
although for two seasons in succession all the crops
he raised were eaten away by grasshoppers. As
early as 1858 he and his brother, William, (who was
one of the first white men to be killed by an Indian
in 1859, in San Jose) came across the plains to Cali-
fornia, bringing a baud of Durham cattle, which were
all run off by Indians near Salt Lake, so that when
they arrived they had only three oxen. They pitched
their tent at San Jose; but in 1861 Robert moved to a
ranch about ten miles south of town. In 1868, he
established himself as a dairyman in San Luis Obispo
County, and soon had reason to repent his venture,
for his cattle died from Texas fever. Coming back to
Santa Clara County, he farmed for a year, then went
to Oregon for a winter, and after that came south
again to White Oak Flat, in Burnett township,
Santa Clara County, removing at the end of four
years to Hoover Valley, where he lived for many
vears, operating a ranch of 150 acres, where he raised
horses and carried on a dairy. He died in 1896 on
a leased ranch in the Calaveras Valley. On April
27, 1859, he vas married at St. Paul. Minn., to Miss
Maria Watkins, also a native of England, and their
union was blessed with ten children. The eldest was
Edmund H; then came Jessie A; William T; next
came John W.; after that came Mary E., and the
others were Charles E., Sarah M., and finally Robert,
the subject of our sketch. Charlotte and Richard,
with Edmund and Jessie, all died in childhood.

Robert Blanch was born at San Jose on March 27,
1875, and he attended the grammar schools of Santa
Clara County. As a youth he began to help his
father on the home ranch, and he renraincd with him
until the latter died, when the estate w-as divided up.
Then he took up ranching alone, and for many years
he has had an interest in a strip of range land of
some 2,000 acres lying in the hills between Livermore
and Mt. Hamilton. This ranch, which is leased, is
devoted to grain, haj- and stock, and Mr. Blanch still
maintains his equity in the stockraising on this land.
It was really railroad land, but it is better known as
the Mclwaughlin Land Companies holding.

In 1906, Mr. Blanch liougbt a ranch of fifteen acres
on the Maybury Road which is devoted to apricots,
prunes and peaches — one of the oldest orchards in
Santa Clara County, having been planted in 1880 by
one of the Hobsons. Tlie land is aljundantly irri-
gated by water from a neighboring private pumping
plant which produces about 900 gallons a minute.
Mr. Blanch has lived on this rancli since 1906, and
during that time as a Republican in matters of na-
tional political import, but as a nonpartisan "booster"
in respect to local affairs, he has done what he could
to improve civic and agricultural conditions.

At San Jose, on November 29, 1905, Mr. Blanch
was married to Miss Ruth M. Beck, a native of San

Jose and the daughter of Thomas and Laura (Vance)
Beck. Mr. Beck, who was an expert blacksmith,
died in 1912, and his good wife in February, 1918.
Of their six children, one is Rollo H. Beck, the
world-renowned naturalist, who has traveled very
widely to collect scientific specimens; the others are
Mrs. Addie May Burke; Dr. Edna Beck, a medical
missionary in India; Mrs. Helen Parsons; Ruth M.,
and Mrs. Blanche Markham. Mrs. Blanch was given
the best of educational advantages at the College of
the Pacific, and she and her husband are the parents
of one daughter who is attending the Berrycssa
grammar school.

MRS. CATHERINE E. BARRY.— The memory
of a public-spirited man who Avas widely known for
his keen interest in the general welfare of the com-
munity, state and nation, is revived in the life-story
of Mrs. Catherine E. Barry, of 490 North Fourth
Street, San Jose, the highly-esteemed widow of John
T. Barry, a New Englander who came here as a ver-
itable pioneer. She was l)orn in far-off New Zea-
land, the daughter of Patrick Fenton, of County
Cork, Ireland, who had married Miss Ellen Calla-
han, also of that county, while they were still on the
green soil of Erin. They then sailed for New Zea-
land, and for three years followed farming in that
country; and after that they migrated to Chile, South
America, and for six years continued agricultural
pursuits there.

In 1849, stirred u]) by the world-wide excitement
over the discovery- of gold in California, Mr. and Mrs.
Fenton came to San Francisco and engaged in busi-
ness until 1856; then they settled on a ranch about
six miles north of Santa Clara, in the vicinity of the
present site of Agnew. There they had about 200
acres, and they devoted the land to the raising of
grain. They did so well that Mr. Fenton continued
there until he died, at the age of sixty years; and
Miss Catherine was living on this ranch at the time
she was married.

She had attended the Dominican Convent at Be-
nicia and was a cultured, accomplished young lady
when, on August 15, 1868, at Santa Clara, she was
married to John T. Barry, a native of Boston, Mass.,
who bad come out to California in 1856. He had
not only attended the excellent grammar schools of
the "City of Culture," but he had enjoyed a college
education as well in the New England metropolis,
atifl hence was just the kind of timber wanted for
commonwealth building. After their marriage, they
took up their residence in San Francisco, and there
for twent)- \-ears Mr. Barry was connected with the
San Francisco Monitor. In 1901 Mrs. Barry re-
moved to San Jose, and here she has lived ever
since. Mr. Barry, who died in Sacramento, in 1894,
was always alive to everything that would contri-
bute to community uplift, and as a stanch Democrat,
he worked hard for civic reform. Mrs. Barry, also
as a stand-pat Democrat, has endeavored to continue
this good work, and from her hospitable home where
she has lived since returning to San Jose, she has
sent out much influence for the benefit of others.

Two children blessed the union of Mr. and Jlrs.
Barry. Marcella J. is an instructor, well trained and
very popular with the pupils of the Horace Mann
School in San Jose; while the son, Charles J. Barry,
has been connected for twenty years with the Hi-
bernian Bank in San Francisco.

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

449

-JOSEPH H. RUCKER.— A decidedly progressive
man prominent in the California commercial world,
whose substantial principles have been the best kind
of a guarantee as to his advocacy of all that would
make for the rapid and permanent development of
the state, county and city in which lie resides, is
Joseph H. Rucker, the president of tlie well-known
firm, Joseph H. Rueker & Company, who was born
near San Jose, on March 23. 1865. His father, Joseph
E. Rucker, was a farmer who came to California in
1852, and at Gilroy, in Santa Clara County, married
Miss Susan Brown, a fine type of the American
woman who had come to the Golden State a year
ahead of him. In 1874, he established himself in
business, and nine years later he took his son into
parnership. He died in 1890, survived for seven
years by his devoted wife. When she passed away
in 1897, she was the mother of eight children, four
boys and four girls, and among these Joseph H.
Rucker Avas the youngest son. He finished the gram-
mar school courses, then studied for a while at the
high school, and after that put in two years at the
College of the Pacific, and topped ofi his work as a
student at the Garden City Business College. Thus
pretty well equipped to try his own resources in the
world at large, he entered the service of Hutchinson
& ^lann, the largest insurance concern on the Pacific
Coast, and when he was only eighteen years of age,
joined his father in forming the firm of J. E. Rucker
& Sons, successors to Rucker & Page. In 1901, the
firm was incorporated as Joseph H. Rucker & Com-
pany. On Januar\' 1. 1907. a branch house, under the
name of Joseph H. Rucker & Company was estab-
lished in San Francisco.

On June 6. 1888. Mr. Rucker Avas married to Miss
Mary P. Dunne, a representative of another old
family and a charming lady of natural gifts and a
developed talent; and their union has been further
blessed by three children, Joseph E.. DeWitt C,
and Jerome W. Rucker. all three associated with
their father in business. The family attend the Roman
Catholic Church, and participate in the social func-
tions of the Country and the Olympic clubs. In
national politics a Republican, Mr. Rucker delights
to give his non-partisan, undivided support to all
well-endorsed local projects. A true descendant of
the worthiest pioneers, Mr. Rucker rejoices in all that
pertains to California life; and being especially fond
of the .great outdoors, he maintains a camp in Mon-
terey County where he and his many friends often
enjoy facilities for recreation and pleasure sought for
by others in corners of the earth far from home.

LOUIS J. VAN DALSEM.— A native son of San
Jose and a member of one of the old and prominent
families of the city, Louis J. Van Dalsem is recog-
nized as a progressive, wide-awake business man
whose close application to the building business made
him well known in San Jose. He was born Septem-
ber 12, 1889, a son of H. C. and Louisa G. (VVas-
son) Van Dalsem, and is descended from French
Huguenot and Knickerbocker stock. His grandpar-
ents, H. C. and Henrietta (Galyen) Van Dalsem,
made the journey from Indiana to California by way
of the Isthmus, and the vessel on which they were
passengers was twice shipwrecked, at one time off
the coast of Florida and later off the Mexican coast.
In 1857 they arrived in San Francisco. Cal., where
they resided for a year, and on the 4th of July, 1857,
they came to San Jose, Being much pleased with

the locality, they decided to establish their permanent
residence in the city, and here the grandfather fol-
lowed the trade of a carpenter. In 1869 he met with
an accidental death, being killed by a falling beam
while erecting a building. Five days after the ar-
rival of Mr. and Mrs. H. C. \'aii Dalsem in San
Jose, their son, H. C, Jr.. was born, on the 9th of
July. 1857, and on attaining adult years he also
turned his attention to the carpenter's trade, receiv-
ing his instruction therein from his uncle, E. A. Van
Dalsem, a prominent building contractor of San Jose,
who erected the Hall of Records, the Sainte Claire
Clubhouse and many other fine edifices in the city.
H. C, Jr., had little opportunity for acquiring an edu-
cation, for upon his shoulders fell the burden of pro-
viding for the support of his mother, brother and
sister. He was employed as foreman for his uncle
until 1895. when he entered the contracting business
on his own account, continuing active along that
line until 1914, when his right hand was accidentally
crushed. In 1919 he was obliged to have his arm
amputated and has since lived retired. He is still
residing in the home on North Eighteenth Street
which he built in 1885. his being the first house
erected in this part of San Jose. On the 28th of
September, 1887, he was married in this city to Miss
Louisa G. Wassoii. of English descent and a native
of Indiana, who came to California with her parents,
James and Nancy (Ford) W'asson. Mr. and Mrs.
\'an Dalsem became the parents of ten children;
Henry, who died at the age of sixteen years; Louis
J., of this review; \'olney F., -who is engaged in the
clothing business at Watsonville, Cal.; Theodoric, a
salesman, living at San Jose; Samuel, a prominent
contractor of v^anta Clara; Jesse, also a salesman
and solicitor at San Jose; Mrs. Ursula Mallpass, who
is at present residing at home, her husband being a
millman with the Pacific Manufacturing Company;
Naiicx', at home; .Mice, a high school student; and
Eugenia, who died July 15, 1910.

In the grammar schools of San Jose, Louis J. \"an
Dalsem pursued his education, and when sixteen
years of age started out in life for himself, following
in the footsteps of his father and grandfather. For
a number of years he worked as a journeyman car-
penter, first going to Oregon, then to Washington,
and subsequently spending one A'car in Southern Cali-
fornia, returnin.g in 1910 to San Jose, where he fol-
lowed his trade. In December. 1910, he entered
Company B, Fifth California Infantry, as a private,
winning promotion to the rank of corporal and later
was made sergeant. In 1916 he went to the Mexican
border as first sergeant of his company. After five
months' service at Nogales, Ariz., he returned to
San Jose, and on March 28, 1917, he was again
called to the Presidio at San Francisco. On April
6 he was commissioned a second lieutenant, becom-
ing first lieutenant in the One Hundred Fifty-Ninth
Infantry, Fortieth Division, on October 13, 1917.
From September 27. 1917. until July 26, 1918, he was
stationed at Camp Kearney, and was then sent over-
seas, landing at Liverpool, England, whence he was
ordered to Winchester, Southampton, and later to
Havre, France. .Vt Neronda, France, he had charge
of the training of casuals and took many replace-
ment troops up to the front. Later he was with the
Second Army Corps, ojierating with the British
forces, and was in the Somme salient from Novem-
ber 1st until the armistice was signed. Fie traveled

450

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

over France while engaged in the work of taking
casuals back to their original units and subsequently
was stationed for awhile at Cadillac, later at Bor-
fleaux, sailing from that port for the United States
and landing at Hoboken in March, 1919. He remained
at Camp Mills. N. J., for thirty days before returning
to the Presidio, where he was discharged as com-
manding officer of Company B, his original assign-
ment, May n, 1919.

Returning to San Jose, Mr. Van Dalsem entered
the buildmg and contracting business, specializing in
the construction of first-class bungalows. He was
active along that line until May, 1921, when he be-
came associated with Harle3' B. Miller in the plumb-
ing business at Tenth and Santa Clara Streets in
San Jose. Both are capable and energetic business
men and their trade is rapidly developing.

In San Jose, on September 4, 1917, Mr. Van Dal-
sem was united m marriage to Miss Helen M. Har-
ney, a native of Oakland, Cal., and a daughter of J.
T. Harney, a prominent fruit commission merchant,
whose fruit and vegetable wagons traversed the
country around San Jose, .going as far south as Santa
Cruz. He came to this section of the state wdicn
Mrs. Van Dalsem was quite young and she ac-
quired her education at the Notre Dame Convent of
this city. !Mr. \'an Dalsem is a member of the
American Legion at San Jose, of which he has served
as sergeant-at-arms, and is also connected with San
Jose Parlor No. 22, N. S. G. W. In business affairs
he has displayed keen discernment and his is a most
creditable record, characterized by devotion to duty,
by integrity and enterprise m business and by loyalty
in citizenship.

HORATIO B. VALPEY,— A life of well directed
energy and thrift now enables Horatio B. \'alpey of
San Jose to spend his declining years in freedom
from business cares after many years of active con-
nection with ranching interests. He \vas born at East-
[lort, ilaine. May 15, 1840, a son of Captain Calvin
and Elizabeth (Gardner) \'alpey, the former of
French and the latter of English descent. Capt. Cal-
\in X'alpcA' was born March, 1806, in Yarmouth, N. S.,
and passed away at Warm Springs, Cal., September
12, 1880. From 181S to 18.32 he followed a seafaring
life in various capacities, from cabin boy to sailor
before the mast, then in 1833 he was made captain.
When not sailing the seas, he followed the pursuit of
farming. In 1847 he sailed from Flastport, Maine, to
Liverpool, England, as captain. The same year be
decided to quit the sea, but was viersuaded to pilot
a vessel, "The Eagle," from Yarmouth to San F'ran-
cisco via the Straits of Magellan. On November 9,
1850, he left ^'armouth and after five months and nine
da_\'s arrived in San F'rancisco and spent some time
in piloting boats up the Sacramento River and aliout
the San Francisco Bay. Later he engaged in the
merchandise business at Ceiiterville, Cal., and then
mined for a time near M,-irysville. He assisted m
the buildin.g of a dam, l)Ut it did not stand and when
it uenf out ruined the mining prospects in that local-
ity, and Mr. \'alpey turned his attention lo the stock
business. Going to Los Angeles, he purchased 300
head of Texas cows and dro\-e them north tf) Ala-
meda Count}-, having as a partner George W. Bond.
Later he imrchased 400 acres of land at Warm vSpring,^
at sixteen dollars i>er acre and there he lived until

his death. He was the original owner of Warm
Springs Landing. Mr. Valpey's eldest son, Calvin,
came to California in 1858 and he passed away in
San Jose in 1914. Horatio B, Valpey was the next
to leave and came alone to California in 1859 via
Panama and the next year saw his mother and two
sisters, Elizabeth and Alice, and one brother, Charles,
en route to California. The eldest child, Emeline,
married a Mr, Prosser and she passed away in 1921
at Yarmouth. Captain Valpey was here during the
stirring times of the Vigilante days and the founda-
tion of the state. Mrs. Valpey was born in 1810 and
died in 1901 at the ripe old age of ninety-one years.

tloratio B. Valpey was one of a family of six chil-
dren and when nineteen years of age came to Cali-
fornia by way of the isthmus route. He assisted his
father in cultivating the V/arm Springs ranch and in
caring for the stock and in 1870 he removed to Ash-
land, Ore., ^vhcre he was employed in a planing mill.
After his father's death in 1880, he returned to Warm
Springs, Cal., and farmed there, and following his
marriage he went to Saratoga, where he remained for
eighteen months, at the end of which time he again
went to Warm Sprin.gs and farmed until 1906. In
1906 he sold his ranch there and went to Santa Clara,
where he lived for one and a half years, later going to
Pacihc Grove, where he spent an equal period. He
became a resident of San Jose in 1910 and has since
lived retired in this city, having accumulated a com-
petence through the capaljle management of his
ranching interests.

<.)ii Jnl\- 30, 1884, at Irvington, Mr. Valpey was
married to Miss Margaret Leeds, a native of Mount
Pulaski, 111., and a daughter of Timothy and Mary
Ann (Latham) Leeds, both of whom died when she
was but three years old; she was reared by her grand-
parents, Richard and Margaret Latham of Springfield,
111.; her grandfather Latham was a close friend of
President Lincoln. Mrs. Valpey attended the gram-
mar and high schools of Springfield, Ilk, and in 1879
came to California in company with her uncle and
aunt. Rev. and Mrs. J. H. McCollough, the former a
minister of the Christian Church. They settled in San
Francisco, iheiice going lo Irvington where he was
]iresident of Washington College, later known as An-
derson Academy, and she had charge of one of the
de[)arlments. Mrs. Henry Curtner and Mrs. Mc-
Collough, both of San Jose, are her aunts. She has
one brother, Timothy Leeds of Cleveland, Ohio. Mr.
and ilrs. \'alpe\- have become the parents of six
children: Henrietta, now the wife of Clarence Holman,
of Aromas, Cal.; Frank Dunn, who died when four-
teen years of age; Elizabeth, the wife of Luther
Quentel, a prominent building contractor of San Jose;
Lucy, at home; Horatio Calvin, who met death by
drowning in November, 1913; and Rebecca Ruth, who
married Russell Henwood. of Porterville, Cal. They
have one grandson, Harold Quentel.

Mr. and Mrs. \''alpc\- are allied with the Prohibition
cause and arc stanch Republicans. He has ever been
dee|)l\- interested in the cause of education and while
residin.g at Warm Springs served for seventeen years
as clerk of the school board, making a high record in
that connection. The family are members of the
Cliristian Church of San Jose and endeavor to follow
its teachings. Mr. X'aliicy's life has been an upright
and honorable one in all respects, crowned with suc-
cessful achievement.

HISTORY OF SANTA C[.ARA C(JUNTY

45 ^

THOMAS A. CARROLL.—A pioimr of Santa
Clara County and a resident of San Jose for more
than a half century, Thomas A. Carroll has ever done
his share in the upbuilding and development of this
thriving city. He was born in Ireland, February 15,
1843, and spent the first >-ear of his life on the At-
lantic Ocean in a boat which had been driven In- a
storm until it had reached such a dismantled condi-
tion that it had been given up for lost, and it took
full twelve months to get into port. The Carroll
family settled at New Haven, Conn., and the father,
«ho was a gardener, lived and died there, in the
month of March, 185'', the mother having passed
away in 1857.

Thomas A. Carroll was educated in the schools of
New Haven, and at the age of fifteen years, after
his parents had both passed away, went to Ne«- York
in 1860 and entered a blacksmith's shop where he
thoroughly learned his trade. He followed in that
line of work until the year of 1864, when he started
for California, coming by way of the Isthmus of
Panama, and arriving in San Francisco, stopped
about two months and in April landed in San Jose.
He worked for a local blacksmith for about four
months, then engaged in business for himself, estab-
lishing his shop at the corner of St. John and First
streets in 1864. After eighteen months, he moved to
184 West Santa Clara Street and inside of four years
this >oung stranger had four men employed, one of
them the man he learned his trade from in New
York, and he continued here until he retired from
business life in 1918. He had, during his early years
of work here, animals brought from a fifty-mile
radius which were supposed to be impossible to
handle, but under his system, were made safe for
any place. At this time he was the oldest man living
who had been continually in business at the time he
opened his shop. He became very well-known and
throughout the country, as his work was the A-ery
best, he did a prosperous business and accumulated
sufficient means to enable him to live comfortably the
remainder of his days.

Mr. Carroll's marriage on September 12, 1871,
united him with Miss Helen Kell, who was a native
of California, having been born in San Jose, a des-
cendant of a good old pioneer family, who came
across the plains in the year 1844. They became the
parents of seven children: Patrick William, a post-
graduate of Santa Clara University and serving as
secretary of the Cit>' Store Company for years when
he died in December, 1917, aged forty-seven; Ann M.
is teaching in the Oakland schools; Thomas F., a
graduate of University of California, is a first lieuten-
ant in the U. S. Army; Helen C. is teaching in Ala-
meda; Bernard D. graduated from the San Jose high
school and died in January, 1901; Mary J. is also a
teacher in Oakland; Charles C. is an electrical en-
gineer in Salinas. Mrs. Carroll passed awa^- on
August 20, 1911.

Mr. 'Carroll has been a very prominent figure in
the local affairs of San Jose, and he lias always
been active in the Board of Trade and later its suc-
cessor, the Chamber of Commerce. At the time of
the earthquake he was one of the most zealous work-
ers in giving relief to those who sufl"'ered losses in
this time of stress. In religious faith, he is a Cath-
olic, and in national politics, he gives his allegiance
to the Democratic party, and has been a well-known
figure at the city, county and state conventions,
serving on the State Central Committee for twenty-
five 3'ears. He served for eight years on the city

bnard iil educ.ilio)i and was the chairman of school
house ,ind site committee durin.g the rebuilding after
the earthc|uake in 1906.

During the high water of 1867 lioats ran in front of
Carroll's shop at No. 184 West Santa Clara Street,
a little ejiisode worth mentioning here that will
show the conditions of the early days of San Jose.
It was during this flood when Mr. Carroll was living
on Santa Clara Street near the river, that he arose
to see the high water and what damage it might be
doing. As he made his w a>- towards the scene of
disaster he beard cries of distress and saw buildings
read.\' to topple into the water. He saddled his horse
and rode to the cornel- of St. Augustine and Santa
Teresa Streets and could see [leople in the water.
One woman with a babe in her arms was holding to
the limb of an elm tree and calling for some one to
save her child. Mr. Carroll had just heljied rescue
a Mr. Doherty, and then started for the lady, swim-
ming his horse to reach her. She handed the child
to hin-i and said she would get out some way. Turn-
ing his horse he swam him towards the shore but be-
fore he reached it a submerged lii-nb hit the horse
and toppled him over, he going up strean-i and Mr.
Carroll down, landing some distance down stream.
He handed the baby over to some women to be cared
for and then helped luake a raft with which others
were rescued from their |ierilous positions. There
w-ere se\-eral bouses washed down stream during
the flood period.

GEORGE 'WASHINGTON WORTHEN.— Prom-
inent among the well-known and highly-esteemed
residents of Santa Clara County is George W. Wor-
then, who during the thirty-nine years that he has
resided in this county has been identified with its
progress and advancement as one of the successful
agriculturalists. A native of Charleston, Vt., he was
born May 22, 1844, the son of Samuel and Lydia
(Beede) Worthcn. The father, a physician, was a
native of Sandwich, N. H., horn in 1801, and his
mother, in 1804. They were residents of Vermont at
the time of their marriage in 18,^8. Of charitable
and kind-hearted nature, they did much to relieve
suffering of ever>- kind in their locality. The paternal
great-grandfather rendered valuable services in the
Revolutionary War, and through this connection our
subject is eligible to membership in the Sons of the
Ai-nerican Revolution.

George W. was fortiu-iate in securing a good edu-
cation, and as early as 1861 began his career as a
teacher. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he of-
fered his services to his country, and enlisted on
.\ugnst 22, 1862, and in October was mustered into
the U. S. service as a member of Company FI, Fif-
teenth Volunteer Infantry, under Redfield Proctor,
who after the close of the war served as Secretary
of War. Mr. A^'orthen was a member of the famous
Stannard's Second Vermont Brigade, which immor-
talized itself by a heroic counter-charge U]-)on Pick-
ett's hosts, July 3, on the memoralde field of Gettys-
burg. At the expiration of his term of service he was
mustered out at Brattleboro, Vt,, on September 4,
1863. Soon after, he became the first principal of
Linden Literary Biblical Institute at Linden. Vt. Re-
maining in this position one year, be then entered
the National Normal L^ni\-ersity at Lebanon, Ohio,
and took the scientific course and secured his B. S.
degree. Then he went to Iowa and for about tw-o
years was professor of Cireek and mathematics at

454

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Wilton Collegiate Institute, Wilton, Iowa, his name
appearing first in their catalogue; later he returned
to Lebanon, and while pursuing his studies in the
classical course became a teacher in the institution
and secured his A. B. degree and followed teaching
in various places until coming to California on March
13, 1876. and settling in San Mateo. The same year
he secured a position as instructor in A. L. Brewer's
Military Academy, where he remained for one year,
when he became principal of the public schools of
San Mateo, after which he returned to the Academy
for another year, and then was professor of Eng-
lish at Washington College. Irvington. for a period
of about two years.

The marriage of Mr. Worthen on June 7. 1878.
united him with Miss Mary J. Hoyt, who was born
July 18. 1857, in East Concord. N. H. Her girlhood
was spent in the home called the "Mountain Farm,"
noted for its beauty and its sightly location. Presi-
dent Pierce, after his return from public service,
liked this place, and offered a price for it far in ex-
cess of its real value; but the property had been in
the Hoyt family so many years that the father could
not give it up. The History of Concord contains a
picture of the place, and much interesting informa-
tion regarding it, as does the Hoj't Family Geneal-
o,gy. which was published after a family meeting held
in Providence, R. I., a number of years ago, when
all the branches were represented. Senator John
Sherman represented the Connecticut branch of which
General W. T. Sherman was a member, his mother
being Mary Hoyt. a native of Connecticut. The
Hoyt family is of English origin, and its American
history dates from the coming of two brothers to
America in 1636-16.>8. The great-grandfather of Mrs.
Worthen was the second male child born in Con-
cord. N. H. Two of the grandfather's brothers
served in the Revolutionary War, Abner being with
(general Stark at Bennmgton, and the other brother,
Stephen, saw Major Andre executed. A description
of the childhood home of Mrs. Worthen is well
worth quoting: "The house in which I was born
was. in Indian times, an old garrison-house, and the
|)ort-holcs are still under the clapboards. The frame
is of solid oak, and very heavy. The History of
Concord, at the time of its publication, gave the date
of building as 1748. My grandfather bought the
house and moved it from the fort to his farm. Grand-
mother lived in the house sixty years. My childhood
caught glimpses of that old New England life, and
had the advanta,ge of two generations; for while I
played the games of the present day, my play-room
was the attic, with its loom and spinning-wheel, its
tin bakers and mysterious chests." Mrs. Worthen
graduated from the N'ew Hampshire State Normal
School in 1873; from the National Normal of Le-
banon, Ohio, in 187,1, and from the California State
Normal School at San Jose in 1877, and taught in
San Mateo, Alameda and Santa Clara counties for
fifteen years. Her parents. J. T. Hoyt. born in
New Hampshire, and Mary J. (Cronkleton) Hoyt. a
native of Ohio, came to California in 1875, locating
in San Mateo and later in San Jose, where they both
passed away. Mrs. Worthen is a member of Sequoia
Chapter, D. A. R.. of San F"rancisco; is past matron
of San Jose Chapter No. 31. O. E. S.. and belongs
to the W. R. C. and Ladies of the G. A. R., and has
served on the board of trustees of the Willow Glen
school for a number of years.

Mr. Worthen has been the owner of valuable ranch
property, and was vitally interested in the cause of
the farmers, and as early as 1893 became affiliated
with the Patrons of Husbandry. During the years
of 1899 to 1901 he served as master of the State
Grange, and because of his very efficient and untiring
service, he was presented with a beautiful medal by
San Jose Grange No. 10, of which he was master
two years. He represented the Grange at their Na-
tional Convention held at Springfield, Ohio. His
report of the "Committee on Trusts" was well re-
ceived, and this report was instrumental in bringing
about a solution of the trust problem, and exposing
the crooked working of many of the trusts. For the
past twenty-five years he has inade annual crop re-
ports to the U. S. Government from Santa Clara
County; he has also given of his time and efforts to
the preservation of the forests and water-sheds of
California. During his residence in Santa Clara
County, he has bought, improved and sold several
ranches. Fraternally, he is a member of the Masons,
Friendship Lodge No. 210, F. & A. M.. and served
as master in 1899-1900, and for ten years has been
Cha])lain; he is also a member of San Jose Chapter.
No. 31. O. E. vS. He is a thirty-second degree Scot-
tish Rite Mason, and is a frequent contributor to
the "New Age." the official organ of the Supreme
Council of the thirty-third and last degree of the
A. & A. Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Southern
Jurisdiction \J. S. A. He is a member of Sheridan-
Dix Post No. 7, G. A. R., Department of California
and Nevada, of which he was commander in 1920.
Mr. Worthen is a writer of prose and poetry and
contributes an article each month to the official bulle-
tin of Friendship Lodge No. 210. F. & A. M. Mr.
and Mrs. Worthen are members of Trinity Episco-
pal Church.

In January. 1921. Mr. and Mrs. Worthen disposed
of their valuable ranch property, and erected an ar-
tistic, modern home at 1014 Willow Street, San Jose.
It has been the privilege of Mr. and Mrs. Worthen
to be identified with the growth of California since
1875. The part which they have borne in the work
of development is that which each patriotic and pub-
lic-spirited citizen feels it an honor to bear, and they
feel repaid for whatever sacrifice they have made.
The Worthens are a patriotic family, members of
which have participated in every war in our country
since the Revolution.

Mr, Worthen is the author of many beautiful
poems, and herewith is given one of his favorites, en-
titled

"MY CALIFORNIA"
My Golden State, of thee I sing,
Let ev'ry voice loud anthems ring:
Thy mountains high, thy giant trees.
Thy land-locked bays, thy sail-decked seas.
Thjf sun-kissed skies, thy balmy breeze.
Thy wealth of flowers and humming bees.
Of all the daughters East and West,
Thine. California, are the best.
Dame Nature yields her bounteous store
To feed and clothe the rich and poor.
Law. love, toil, consistency
And happy homes with constancy,
The bulwarks of Democracy,
Be these our stay from day to day.
Then Peace shall flow from peaks of snow
To where the golden poppies grow.

/h.{.^

cnj-c

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

457

WILLIAM L. WOODROW.— The late William L.
Woodrow. piom-cr uiulertakcr of San Jose, was born
in Pembroke, Genesee County, New York, on July 5,
1835. He was the son of Benjamin and Mary F.
(Sprague) Woodrow, the former born in England and
the latter a native of New York State. When our
subjcet was a lad of six years his parents removed to
Churehville, Monroe County, New York and there
they remained four years. In the meantime, in 1844,
the mother passed away, then in 1845 the family re-
moved to Speneerport. near Roehester, and here
William went to live and work on a farm for Lemuel
Brown. The only opportunity the lad had to secure
an education was by attending school during the
winter months, but by his association with Mr. Brown
he acquired habits of industry and attention to
business and the duties of life which were such po-
tent factors in his successful business career in later
years. When he was fifteen the family removed to
a farm in Lee County, Iowa, and here, though only
fifteen. ^Villiam carried on farm pursuits until 1856.
On December 9, 1856, occurred the first marriage
of Mr. Woodrow, which united him with Miss Mar-
garet E. Wilcoxson, a daughter of one of the oldest
and most respected families of Clay Grove, Iowa.
After his marriage Mr. Woodrow farmed for himself
until 1862, when he decided to come to California.
He started with his wife and two children, across
the plains in ox wagons, and after a journey of four
months he arrived at the end of his journey. He
engaged in mining and dealing in mining properties
in California and Nevada for four years and then he
came to Santa Clara County and here engaged in
ranching near Berryessa for a time. However, this
did not prove to his liking and in 1871 he bought an
interest in an undertaking business that had been
under the management of Marcus Trueman, and as
Trueman and Woodrow the business was carried on
successfully for several years, when !Mr. Woodrow
became sole owner.

Mrs. Woodrow passed away on January 2, 1882,
having borne her husband five children, four of whom
are now living: Jane L., Mary F., Charles W.,
George, and Grace E. The second marriage of Mr.
A\'oodrow occurred in 1883, when Miss Emma H.
Kellner became his wife. She is a native daughter,
born in San Francisco, the daughter of the late Rev.
Augustus Kellner, who was sent to California by
the Rock River Conference from Chicago, to estab-
lish the German Methodist Episcopal denomination
in this state. He built churches in Stockton, Sacra-
mento, Marysville, San Francisco, and elsewhere.
The church in San Francisco he established in the
early '50's and of it he was the beloved pastor until
his death in the early '60's. One daughter. Hazel
Augusta, was born to Mr. and Mrs. Woodrow, but
she died in infancy.

Mr. Woodrow was prominent in fraternal circles
and was a member of the Masons, the Odd Fellows
and other orders. He served as president of the
State Funeral Directors Association and was an active
worker in the Methodist Episcopal Church for over
forty years, serving as one of the stewards and as
treasurer. He died on October 10, 1911, mourned by
a wide circle of friends as a man who was ever
willing to lend a helping hand to those in. distress
and to aid every cause that had for its object the
upbuilding of Santa Clara County and the state.

ORLANDO L. BAKER.— Coming here in early
manhood without means or influential friends, Or-
lando L. Baker has worked his way unaided to a
position of independence. He was born in Hornells-
ville, now Hornell, Steuben County, N. Y., January
19, 1856, ;i son of James and Anna (Mclntyre)
Baker. His lather, James Baker, was a farmer, who
removed to Alichigan when Orlando L. was one year
old, and where he purchased timber land, which he
cleared and on which a home was built. Here the
father passed away, when Orlando was ten years old.
Mr. Baker secured his early education in the schools
of the district, working on his father's farm in sum-
mer, and after the death of his father, he assumed
a good share of the farm work. When he was four-
teen, his mother was married the second time to
Andrew Kilberry and the family removed from Stur-
gis, Mich., to Indiana, where Mr. Kilberry owned
a 130-acre farm. When nineteen Mr. Baker deter-
mined to start out for himself, and engaged in farm-
ing for a time, renting a thirty-acre farm in the Wa-
bash Valley, near Peru, which he planted to corn.
His residence on the farm covered a period of two
years, after which he left for the goal of his ambi-
tion. Pikes Peak, Colo., when gold was discovered.
They met so many discouraged men returning from
Pikes Peak that they decided to go on to California,
crossing the plains in the usual way, a wagon drawn
by oxen. The trip was accomplished ^vithout mishap,
although accompanied by many hardships. They
crossed the Missouri River at Nebraska City, Fort
Hall, then by Sublette Cut-off and on to Lassen
County, Cal. Three years were spent in Plumas
County. In the fall of 1860 he took up a mining
claim in Virginia City, and with his usual determina-
tion and patience, he labored day after day, until a
tunnel 180 feet long was dug into the hillside in
search for gold, but without success. He then re-
turned to Plumas County and went to work in a
store. At the same time he farmed, his brother,
Simeon, carrying on the work. They raised grain,
but traded the grain for a fourteen-acre potato crop
and disposed of the potatoes to his employer for
cash, thus making a double profit. During the year
of 1862 he removed to Santa Clara Valley and pur-
chased a ranch of eighty acres, a portion of the old
Santa Teresa grant. This he successfully farmed for
six years, but was obliged to relinquish all right to
same on account of its being a part of a Spanish
grant. He then purchased a 120-acre tract on Mc-
Laughlin Avenue, on wdiich he raised grain; also hav-
ing a number of cattle and horses. He also rented
additional grain land, which brought him fine return
for his labor. After spending seventeen years on his
ranch, he sold out and bought a thirty-seven-acre
tract on the Senter Road, on which he built a house
and where he resided for twenty-three years. He
still retains ten acres of this land.

The first marriage of Mr. Baker occurred Decem-
ber 18, 1867, in San Jose and united him with Miss
Mary A. Pruett, a native of Missouri. Her father
died when she was a small girl, and her mother was
married the second time, to Joseph Aubrey, a pioneer
of Grass Valley, who came to California in 1850, set-
tling first in Grass Valley, two years later coming
to Santa Clara Valley, where he purchased land and
engaged in farming. Mrs. Baker's schooling was ob-
tained in the public schools of San Jose. She passed
away in San Francisco in 1894. the mother of one

458

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

daughter, Lillic A., now the wife of Frank H. Buck,
who resides on a ranch of the Santa Teresa grant.
Mr. and Mrs. Buck have one daughter, Mary A. On
July 26, 1897, Mr. Baker's second marriage united
him with Miss PauHna Cottle, a native daughter,
born in Santa Clara County, a daughter of O. B.
Cottle, a pioneer of 18S0.

]\Ir. Baker is a man of the type which has been
most largely responsible for the latter-day develop-
ment of the West. Politically he adheres to the
principles of the Democratic platform. He has always
done -all in his power for the advancement of his
local community, and at his advanced age, enjoys a
large circle of friends and acquaintances.

THOMAS BODLEY.— Wliat it means to have
a man of exceptional ability and above reproach in
an office of peculiar responsibility and requiring for
its successful administration much tact and common
sense, is well demonstrated in the care with which
Thomas Bodley manages the county tax collector's
office, bringing him into personal relation to thou-
sands throughout Santa Clara County. He is not
only a native son, but like a number of others who
have risen to prominence in this part of the state,
he was born at San Jose, and first saw the light on
December 15, 1860. His father was Thomas Bod-
ley, a Kentuckian, born in 1821, and his mother in
her maidenhood was Miss Julia A. McCabe, a na-
tive of Missouri, and she crossed the great Ameri-
can plains by ox-team train in the Argonaut days
of '49, reaching at length the land of promise in
safety, and Mr. I'.odley came via Cape Horn that
same year. In 1856 they were married at San Jose;
and liking this region better than that of any of
the other favored Coast sections, they continued to
live here. Mr. Bodley, who was a Royal Arch Ma-
son, was one of the first undersheriffs appointed by
^\'iiliam McCutchen; and later he served in the State
Legislature, and was also district attorney for a
term. He died on September 17, 1887. Mrs. Bod-
ley is still living, at the fine old age of eighty-three.
These estimable parents had seven children, among
whom only three are now living.

The second oldest of the famih', Thomas, went to"
both the grammar and the high schools, but owing
to his father's death, he had to leave off his studies
early and take up bread-winning work. He was for
a while with Judge Buckner, in the justice's court,
and then for four yars he was m the comity clerk's
office. After that, lie was city assessor and clerk
for six \'ears; then he was undersheriff for two
years, and then for tv.-enty years he was chief dep-
uty of Tax Collector W. A. January. On the lat-
tcr's death, he was appointed to fill out his term;
and then, for a second term, he was re-elected with-
out opposition. He is a Democrat, as part}- politics
go; but his partisanship neviT prevents him from
pulling generously with his fellow-citizens for what-
ever seems to the best and most lasting interests of
the community in which he is such an efficient and
interested part.

In Nevada County, on Januar)' 10, 1884, Mr. Bod-
ley was married to ),Iiss (.".race Downey of Nevada
County, a gifted and devoted lady; and their union
has been favored with the birth of two children, both
daughters. Grace has become Mrs. R. N. Fergu-
son, the wife of an oil expert now in Bakersfield;
imiiiediateh' after the war he was in the service of

the Polish Government; they have two sons, John
and Richard; Miriam is Mrs. C,. Smith of Bakers-
field. Mr. Bodley is a member of Friendship Lodge
No. 210 F. & A. M., has served as president of
Native Sons Parlor No. 82, wdien it was called Palo
Alto Parlor, and also an Flk; he gives himself up,
when he can, to outdoor life, and he is fond of both
baseball and fishing.

MR. AND MRS. "WILLIAM B. "WARD— The
eminently desirable advancements, of one kind or an-
other, made in the science and art of modern Ameri-
can undertaking owe much to such farsighted, ideal-
istic men as William B. Ward, and indeed to such re-
markable women as his accomplished wife who, owing
to the fact that Mr. Ward has been an invalid for the
past twentjf-five years or more, has been conducting
the business as perhaps the first woman registered
as an embalmer in the State of California. Mr. Ward
is a New Yorker by birth, having begun life at Utica
in the eventful year of '49, wdien so many were begin-
ning their gold-seeking careers far to the west; in
the excellent schools of the Empire State he was
given his first preparation for a vigorous matching-up
with the world; and in 1868 he pushed westward, in
the wake of the '49ers, and luckily pitched his tent in
Santa Clara County.

He learned the business of an undertaker and in
1888 established himself in San Jose, attracted to the
city on account of its promising future; he is
now the oldest undertaker in Santa Clara County.
When he was incapacitated from participating so ac-
tively as before, his devoted and gifted wife took hold
of the helm; and in 1909 they built their present at-
tractive residence funeral parlors, a quiet, dignified
place of real attraction, modernized in every way,
and fortunate in a first-class automobile equipment.
The extent of their business demands the steady em-
ployment of several graduate embalmers, each of
whom takes that interest and pride in all that is done
that it is next to impossible for the patron to be dis-
appointed in respect to the smallest detail.

.'Vt San Francisco, on Christmas Day, 1880, ]Mr.
Ward was married to Miss ilary A. Sheridan, the
daughter of Patrick and Bridget CiMaloney) Sheridan,
who came out to California by way of the Isthmus
of Panama in the early spring of 1863 and made their
home in San Jose the remainder of their lives, highly
esteemed by all who knew them. Mary Sheridan was
born in Decatur, Macon County, Illinois, accom-
panying her parents to San Jose when she was a little
child, so she is to all intents and purposes a native
daughter, as this is the scene of her first recollec-
tions. She grew up and received a good education at
Notre Dame Convent and the San Jose State Normal
School, thus layin.g the foundation of the knowledge
that stood her in such good stead when it became
necessary for her to assume the management of their
Inisiness, a matter of which Mrs. Ward is very
thankful to her parents that they saw to her educa-
tional preparation with so much care.

Five chilclren and six grandchildren have --prung
from this fortunate union of Mr. anil Mrs. Ward.
The first born was Burton L. A\'ard. who is a grad-
uate embalmer and is ably assisting in the conduct
of the business; Gertrude is the wife of D. W. Gray,
of San Jose; Mabel has become Mrs. Presley Brown,
of San Francisco; Rita is married and is now Mrs.
C. Cr. Sheffield and resides with her husband in New
^'ork City, while the youngest child is Mary W. Mar-

^.73. %aj^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

46;>

quart of San Jose. After tlicy had established the
present business in 1888 Mr. and Mrs. Ward saw the
great need of a woman enibahiier, so Mrs. Ward lu'-
gan the study and in due time took a eourse in the
Clark's School of Embalming in San Francisco, from
which she was graduated in 1890, and since then she
has had charge of that department of the business.
Thus she is the first woman graduate embahiier in
the state. This in connection with her experience in
conducting the affairs of the business came in very
fortunate when Mr. Ward became a:i invalid and she
immediately assumed charge of the business, which
has grown very satisfactorily and they have become
very successful. To accomplish this has required
much hard work and close application on the part of
Mrs. Ward, for at tlie same time she had to see to the
rearing and educating of her children. In the conduct
of their large business Mrs. Ward is ably assisted by
her son-in-law, D. W. Gray, and her son. Burton L.
Ward, both graduate embalmers and experienced un-
dertakers who do the conducting of the funerals,
which leaves her free to devote nearly all of her time
to the business end. And being endowed by nature
with much native ability and business acumen, her
management has been a decided success. Mr. and
Mrs. Ward are communicants of St. Joseph's Church.
Fraternally Mr. Ward is a member of the Fraternal
Aid and the Foresters of America, and they are mem-
bers of the California State Funeral Directors As-
sociation. Cultured and refined, Mrs. Ward is a
woman of pleasing personality, who is prominent in
civic and social circles, being a past president of In-
stitute No. 32 Young Ladies Institute and past Poca-
hontas of Minequa Council of the Order of Poca-
hontas, and a member of Ladies of the Maccabees.
It is to men and women of the type of Mr. and
Mrs. AVard that San Jose and Santa Clara County to-
day owe much of their present development, for with-
out their optimism and faith in their future greatness,
as well as their willingness to put their shoulders to
the wheel, we would not have such a large and pros-
perous cit}- and county. They have always shown their
enterprise and public spirit by giving of their time and
means to all worthy movements that have for their
aim the upbuilding of the county and enhancing the
comfort and happiness of the people, and their (ex-
ample is well worthy of emulation.

WALTER L. CHRISMAN.— Active in promoting
the commercial development of San Jose, Walter
L. Chrisman was one of the most enthusiastic work-
ers in the different war drives and as an apprecia-
tion received an acknowledgement from the chair-
man of the Liberty Loan executive board commend-
ing his good works in this city. He also served
acceptably as president of the Alum Rock Park
Board and is the present chairman of the Santa
Clara County Republican Committee, a man of nat-
ural business ability, resourcefulness and much in-
fluence. Mr. Chrisman is a native of California, hav-
ing been born in Pescadero, San Mateo County, on
May 7, 1872, a son of Josiah and Mary (Britton)
Chrisman, who were both pioneers of California.
Josiah Chrisman was born in Phoenixville, Pa., of
an old family in that region, dating back to pre-
revolutionary days and of old Knickerbocker stock.
He came to California via the Isthmus of Panama
in 1864 and engaged in farming and stockraising in
San Mateo County. On one of his trips to San

Jose he met Miss Britton, the ac(|uaintance result-
ing in their marriage. She was also born in Phoenix-
ville, I'a., of vScotch and Fnglisli descent and came
to San Jose, Cal,, in 186,'i \'ia the Nicaragua route.
They continued farming and stockraising at Pesca-
dero, San Mateo County, imtil 189,3, when they sold
out and removed to San Jose. Avhere their sons had
preceded them and here the family have since made
their hojne. The mother passed away in 1916, Ijut
the father is still living.

Walter L. Ciirisman attended the public schools
of Pescadero and later the Garden City business
college in San Jose, from which institution he grad-
uated in 1891. He left school at the early age of
thirteen and worked Avith Levy Bros, for about
five years, and it was after this that he took a busi-
ness eourse and became an employe of the Fifth
Street Canning Company where he worked for a
>'ear, then in 1892, he engaged in the wood, hay
and coal business with his brother. William H. Chris-
man, this now being one of the oldest concerns of
this kind in San Jose.

Mr. Chrisman's marriage, which occurred on De-
cember 4, 1893, united him with Luda Y. Hobson,
a daughter of another prominent old pioneer fam-
ily who had been identified with Santa Clara Coun-
ty and San Jose for about half a century. They are
the parents of a son, George L., who is now a stu-
dent at the San Jose high school, class of 1923.
Mr. Chrisman has been very active and prominent
in making Alum Rock Park the beautiful and at-
tractive place it is today, enjoyed by thousands of
tourists aside from the citizens of the county. He
served as trustee of the park board for eight years,
being president of the board for two years, and
it was during this time they succeeded in voting
bonds to make substantial improvements and add
5()0 acres to the area of the park. They developed
new springs and more m.ineral water from the old
springs and built walls of cement and concrete to
protect the springs a.gainst floods, making a per-
manent improvement so valuable to the preserving
of the iTiineral sprin.gs for the public; they also
built the new upper road to the park. In this work
he was heartily associated with the other members
of the board, W. L. Prussia, Yictor Hancock, B. A.
Harrington and Carl Stull.

Air. Chrisman is a member of San Jose Parlor
Xo. 22, Native Sons of the Golden West and is
past president and has served four years as grand
trustee of the Grand Parlor, visiting parlors from
Siskiyou to San Diego; he is also a member of the
Knights of Pythias and belongs to the National Un-
ion, and San Jose Lodge No. 522 Elks. In re-
ligious faith, Mr. and Mrs. Chrisman are Methodists.
Air. Chrisman has been very active and prominent
in politics in the city, county and state conven-
tions and is now serving his second term as chair-
man of the County Republican Central Committee.
He is a member of the San Jose Rotary Club, and
served on the board of directors at one time; also
served as director of the San Jose Chamber of Com-
merce of which he is still an active member, and
also of the Merchants' Association. He is intenseh-
interested in the growth and development of San
Jose and Santa Clara County, and has given free-
ly of his time and means towards worthy objects
that have for their aim the upbuilding of the county
and contributing to the happmess of the people.

464

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

MRS. LETITIA PEARL SNYDER KENDALL.

— A woman of splendid attainments and pleasing
l)ersonality, who is natural!)- very proud of Iter beau-
tiful home place, once a part of her father's historic
ranch and adjacent to her childhood's home at Hill-
side, is Mrs. Letitia Pearl Snyder Kendall, a native
daughter of the (lolden West, having been born at
Hillside, the old John v'sn^-der home ranch, on Pcr-
manente Creek, near Mountain View, on August 21),
187(1. She was the youngest in a famih' of hve chil-
dren l)orn to John and Martha (Kifer) Snyder,
among the worthiest of all pioneers in Santa Clara
County, whose life-story is sketched elsewhere in
this historical volume. Her childhood was spent at
Hillside, where she enjoyed to the fullest the free-
dom of the great outdoors, and in time she became
adept at driving and riding, preferring in particular
the former exercise. After completing the course
in the San Antonio district school, she continued her
studies at the San Jose Institute, a high-grade,
widely-known private school for },-oung ladies, during
which time she made her home with her eldest sister,
Mrs. Sarah Foss.

In 1889, she was given the opportunity- to make a
delightful trip, accompanying her father and mother
East, going to Tipton, Iowa, and thence to the At-
bintic Coast, visiting en route such important cities
as Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington and
-\'ew York, and after that throu.gh the South, into
Kentucky, the region of her mother's birthplace, and
continuing on to Louisville, St. Louis, Kansas Cit\-,
and back to Iowa. On the journey westward, the
]iarty jiassed through Kansas, Colorado. New Mex-
ico and Arizona, and eventually reached home, thus
concluding a stimulating journey of several months.

Miss Snyder then entered King's Conservatory of
Music in ,San Jose, where she studied the piano, and
from which she was graduated with honors in 1898;
and once herself proficient, she taught piano for a
short while. After her father's death, however, slie
gave it up, in order to devote her time to her mother,
and she continued to .give her mother a tenderest
care until a year after her marriage to Mr. Kendall,
when another sister, the widow of Dr. William
Hamniond, returned home to reside.

Mr. and Mrs. Kendall removed to Santa Clara,
u here they resided imtil their home on their orchard
property, one mile north of Los Altos, was com-
pleted, wdien they took up their residence there. This
orchard they brought to a high state of cultivation,
and they named the place very appropriately
"Heartsease," and there they devoted their time to
horticulture. It was in 1904 she had married E E.
Kendall, the ceremony being performed at her
i-nother's home, and then and there they entered upon
a union proving very happy, and which has been
blessed with three children, Raymond P'., Earl C.
and Martha Mae Kendall, all of w-hon-i arc attending
the high school at Palo Alto.

Mrs. Kendall's thoughts had always centered
?.round the natural beauty and grandeur of their
old home at "Hillside," and desiring to make it her
liome, in 1910 she purchased eight acres on Per-
manente Creek, adjoining the old Hillside home,
buying the same from her mother. They owned
Heartsease until 1920, when the\- sold it, in which
year they also took up their residence at the old

home, where they built a large new bungalow- of
stucco finish from plans Mrs. Kendall herself de-
signed. The result is a very beautiful and comfort-
able residence, where they now get much comfort
and enjoyment. In all her ambitions for improving
and beautifying her place on Permanente Creek, Mrs.
Kendall has been heartily assisted by her husband,
who learned, while living in San Erancisco, the desire
of city folks for a beautiful and quiet place to which
they could hie themselves on week-end trips. Acting
on this suggestion, Mr. and Mrs. Kendall began to
formulate plans for the splendid "Kendall Dell Re-
sort," a picnic grounds now such a joy to thousands
of families during the summer season, Permanente
Creek is fed by numerous springs, and one particu-
larly large spring has been converted into a reservoir
from which -i^'ater is piped to a number of places on
the grounds, for they have an abundance of water —
enough, in fact, for a good-sized town.

Kendall Dell is ideally located, and is well-wooded
with native trees, such as the live oak, the white oak,
the pin oak, the willow, the sycamore — one tree of
the latter species on Sycamore Elat being pro-
nounced the best specimen known, and is thought by
cornpctent judges to be at least 500 years old. Then
there is the laurel, the toyo, the cascara, the buck-
eye, the wild cherry, the alders and rnany other
varieties. The Kendalls have also set out pine and
cypress trees, making the whole one of the most
beautiful spots in the state. Kendall Dell lies be-
tween two creeks, and is shaped like a horseshoe,
opening to the south, and it is not surprising, there-
fore, that in more primitive days, it was used by the
Indians as a camping ground, and there is an old
Indian burial ground on the place. Whei-i they first
took possession of this property, the place was a
wild wood of brush, nettles and poison oak, but they
proceeded to clean it up, and Mr. Kendall's energy
and enthusiasm have worked wonders, in hunting
out and arranging the difTerent delightful nooks and
places, and in giving each its proper name. There is
Rest View, for example, as well as the Natural Ban-
quet Hall, with its barbecue pits, w-here 500 people
have been accomn-iodated, the Upper Creek Terrace,
the Lower Creek Terrace, Alder Elat, Laurel Flat,
Brier Beach, Walnut Flat, Sycamore Flat, and beau-
tiful windin.g paths, from one beauty spot to another,
leading finally to a natural amphitheater, where over
400 people can be seated in the shade, all the grounds
giving a capacity of 3,000 people. Then there arc
f'aseball grounds and tennis courts, and all of this —
involving much of Mr. Kendall's own handiwork —
has been accomplished by Mr. and Mrs. Kendall,
who have made one of the most charming of private
picnic and camp grounds, which has given pleasure
and untold health benefit to thousands. Of course,
this is not a public resort, in the usual sense, but
merely a home place where eight acres are open to
the enjoyment of refined, appreciative people, subject
to proper, l)ut never unpleasant or narrow restric-
tions. It is just one of nature's beauty spots, where
tables and benches are placed in the forest near an
ever-running stream. It has graded roads, a dancing
liavilion, a refreshment stand, tciinis and baseball
grounds. Although a quiet, retired spot, it is most
accessible over good roads at the south end of Grant
Road, across the railroad tracks, and it is reached

t^

HISTORY OF vSANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

467

from Palo Alto by way of the State Highway, when
the picnicker will run to Grant Road, opposite the
hlacksmith shop at Old Mountain \'iew. or on the
highway mentioned through Los Altos to C.rant,
I'rom San Jose, the visitor should proceed by way
of Homestead Road or on the Fremont Highwa\-
to Grant. Electric cars run to Kendall Dell Station,
from which cthere is a ten-minute walk.

Mrs. Kendall, like the true woman of culture that
she is, has maintained her interest in music, and has
thus been able to do still more for a large circle of
devoted friends, who appreciate fully the rare hos-
pitality of both Mr. and Mrs. Kendall at their now
famous Kendall Dell.

E. F. KENDALL.— In E. F. Kendall of Kendall
Dell, Santa Clara County has a substantial citizen
of peculiar attainments. Kendall Dell is a private
picnic and camp ground on Permanente Creek, four
miles south of Mountain View and twelve miles west
of San Jose, where the valley and mountains meet.
Mr. Kendall was born at Bellefontaine, Ohio, his
parents being natives of southeastern Pennsylvania.
The farm of his maternal grandfather was located a
few miles north of Gettysburg, and from it the sub-
sequent owner of the place with the aid of field
glasses saw and heard that memorable conflict.

Mr. Kendall was the youngest of a family of six
children, ranging from two to twelve years at the time
of the father's death, but though the mother was left
without a home or means, all her children reached
adult age through her loving guidance and self-
sacrificing care. With a grammar school education
we find our subject at the age of fifteen a railroad
telegrapher and station agent on the Sandusky &
Springfield Railroad, the oldest railroad in Ohio;
then followed several years' experience on other
railway lines.

In 1882 Mr. Kendall heard the call of the West
when a friend in Nebraska said, "Come on out, the
air is fine," The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
Railroad had just been extended to Denver and Mr.
Kendall took a position with that company in
Nebraska, and the next j'ear was sent to Denver,
their best office. In 1884 he declined their offer
of a post as train dispatcher and returned to Cleve-
land for a course at the Spencerian Business College,
intending to quit railroad service. Finishing the
six months' course in four and a half months, he
substituted for one of the teachers who was ill
during the last six weeks, but declined the offer of
a permanent position as a teacher. A tour of the
Southern states followed, but it was not long before
he realized that he had not gone far enough west.
He longed for a view of the Golden Gate and the
glorious California climate, and so set out for the
Pacific Coast, arriving here in December, 1887. He
immediately entered the service of the Southern
Pacific and in six months was in charge of a division
agency in Nevada, a position of responsibility, with
fourteen men on the roll. In the meteorological record
he discovered, however, that Nevada with a tempera-
ture of thirty degrees below zero and many feet of
snow was very much like Eastern weather and not
at all like California, so he returned to San Fran-

cisco and entered the general offices of the Wells
Fargo Express Company, where he remained ten
>'ears — until the general offices were moved to New
York, when he entered the general offices of the
Southern i^acific.

(Jn -Memorial Day, 19U3, he joined a party of San
Francisco and San Jose friends in a picnic at the
John Snyder ranch, where he met the youngest
daughter, Letitia Pearl Snyder, who became his wife
the following year. They are the parents of three
children, Raymond, Earl and Mae, all of whom are
attending the Palo Alto high school.

In 1904, with foresight and intuition that some
day there would be a railroad along the foothills,
Mr. Kendall invested his savings in twenty acres in
the now famous Los Altos apricot district, and im-
mediately set out the trees. The railroad came sooner
than expected, Los Altos was put on the map and
realty prices shot up. His place was admitted to be
without a peer as a valley home site because of its
east front and perfectly placed magnificent oaks. At
the time of the earthquake and fire of 1906 Mr. Ken-
dall was commuting to San FVancisco from the
bnyder ranch; following the fire his place of busi-
ness was moved to the east side of tne bay, so he
rode a bicycle rive miles to Mountain View, forty
miles by tram, two miles on his bicycle through the
burnt aistrict and tour miles by ferry boat, repeating
m tne evening, making a total of lu2 miles per day,
tourteen ot wnicri was on his bicycle.

in 1907 Mr. Kendall resigned for all time from the
railroad service to give his attention to his developing
orcnard and to tne improving ot a home. A tew
years later. Airs. Jvendall liaving purchased from her
motner ine nortliwest corner oi ner lather's estate,
it was determined tnat tnis pertect gem ot a foothill
HomeSite snould be tneir permanent home. Mr.
ivendali s aestnetic and artistic taste quickly recog-
nized Its possibilities and lie set to work, developing
Its spring water supply and repeatedly grubbing out
tne underbrusn, but leaving the shrubbery in such a
way as to make numerous cosy, quiet dells. A more
restiul spot cannot be found anywhere m the state,
and tnousands avail themselves ot the opportunity
to enjoy its delights.

Mr. ivendali says that he lives in the greatest
nation, the best state, the best section oi the state
and tne best spot m the section, and is engaged in a
congenial vocation; could a person want more;' Mrs.
Kendall enters heartily in the plans for the upbuild-
ing of Kendall Dell. She is a graduate of Kings
Conservatory of Music and enjoys a large circle of
friends in San Jose and throughout the county. From
the south veranda of the architectural gem of a home,
recently constructed, she looks over the extensive
homeland of her childhood to the evergreen moun-
tains beyond, where the rising and setting sun plays
a phantasy of color, light and shadow.
"A shady nook by the babbling brook.
Midst fragrance of orange and laurel and pine.
With nothing to do the livelong day
But eat, doze, rest, and play —
Oh, say, ain't that fine!"

468

HISTORY OF Sy\NTA CLARA COUNTY

LYMAN L. NATTINGER.— Among the early
settlers of the Santa Clara Valley is Lyman L. Nat-
tinger, who came to California and settled here in
1875 and has been actively engaged in agricultural
pursuits since that time. He was born in Eagleport,
Morgan County, Ohio, January 7, 1843, the son of
Samuel and Mary (Aliller) Nattinger, born in Ger-
many and Virginia respectively, who were farmers
and later became pioneers of Illinois whither they
removed in 1856 and both lived and died there.

^Ir. and Mrs. Samuel Nattinger had nine children,
seven of whom grew to maturity: Almira became
Mrs. Mason and died in Ottawa, 111.: John was a
member of Company E, One Hundred and Fourth
Illinois A'olunteer Infantry, served till the close of
the Civil War and died in Oakland, Cal; Julia died
in Ottawa, III; Eliza, Mrs. McCormack, also died
in Ottawa: Lyman L. is our subject; William resides
in Chicago and Albert died in Earl Park, Ind.

Lyman L. received his education in the public
schools of Ottawa, 111., and went to work on a farm,
remaining until he was sixteen years old; then he
learned the carriage and wagon maker's trade. In
Au.gust, 1862, when nineteen years old, he volunteered
and enlisted in the U. S. Army in Company E, One
Hundred and Fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry,
and during his two years and ten months of serv-
ice was in thirty-t\vo battles, serving as sergeant.
Among some of the battles were Hartsville, Elk
River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, then began
the Atlanta Campaign of 108 days, including Rcsaca,
Dallas, Dalton, Kenesaw Mt., Peach Tree Creek,
Snake Creek Gap and the siege of Atlanta, after
which he was on the chase of Hood's army to the
Chickamauga battlefield when Thoinas sent word
that he could take care of Hood's Army, saying
he could whip them with his own men. Then
Mr. Nattinger took part in Sherman's !March to the
Sea, taking part in the taking of Savannah and the
battles of Goldsborough and Bentonville. His regi-
ment went into Ralcigli on the skirmish line and
marched from Raleigh, N. C, to Richmond, Va.,
in record time, making the 210 miles in ninety-four
hours. To make this time thej' marched as the
crow flies, through fields, and over fences. pie
took piart in the (.)rand Review at Washington
as one oi Sherman's greasers, after which his regi-
ment wa- the first out of the bri.gade to go home;
he was mustered out in Chicago June, 1865, as ser-
.geant, the regiment being reduced to 18,^ men. At
Hartsville, Tenn., he was wounded and taken pris-
oner and he remained a prisoner at different iilace.^
until he wa- taken to Libby Prison, where he re-
mained until he was paroled; then was in the parole
camp at Annapolis, Md., until he was e.xchangcd,
when he rejoined his regiment.

After his dischar.ge from service Mr. Nattinger
worked at his trade in Altoona, III., until he de-
cided to remoNc to California, arriving in San Jose
in 1875. He spent five years as foreman of the
San Jose Agricultural Works, then he ran a car-
riage and wagon shop on South First Street. Dur-
ing thi.^ time, in 1886, he purchased ten acres on
Leigh Road, near Campbell, which he set out to
prunes and as success attended his efforts he bou,ght
lanfl adjoining until he now owns twenty-four acres
in a full-bearing prune orchard. Some )'ears ago
he quit business in San Jose, after having worked

at his trade for twenty-seven years. Since then
he has devoted all of his time to his orchard and
drying plant he had erected on Leigh Avenue, where
he takes care of his fruit as well as for a number of
his neighbors.

Mr. Nattinger's first marriage united him with Miss
Mary Bergit, a native of Illinois, who passed away
in August, 1875; the second time he was married
to Miss Addie G. Ketcham, a native daughter, born
in Placer County, and they had one child, Frank,
a stalwart man, wdio is assisting his father in their
horticultural enterprise. Mrs. Nattinger passed
away in 1909. He is a strong Republican in poli-
tics and fraternally is an Odd Fellow; a believer
in cooperation as the best method of marketing the
fruit, he is a member of the California Prune &
Apricot Association.

Mr. Nattinger is a very active and energetic
man and despite his nearly four score years is found
about his ranch every day, driving a team or doing
a man's work, for he cannot tolerate idleness and
believes it is more interesting and conducive to lon-
gevity to wear out than to rust out. He has a
remarkable personality and is a man of strong con-
victions, always standing for what he considers right.
He is well informed and well read and his reten-
tive memory and ability as a narrator of events,
particularly of the stirring times during the Civil
AA'ar, make him an interesting conversationalist.

GUSTAVE NELSON.— A business man long es-
tablished in San Jose, whose methods of dealing with
others have always been such that his word is as
good as his bond, is Gustave Nelson, of 333 Vine
Street, once the proprietor of the San Jose Tannery,
famed for the quality as well as the quantity of its
products. He was born in Hamburg, Germany, on
April 14, 1848, the only child of Gustavus Nelson, a
native of Sweden, who had married Miss Christine
Reshocft, also of Hamburg, Germany. The father,
a tanner by trade, was lured to join the rush for Cal-
ifornia, where he arrived in 184''. making the long trip
In' way of Cape Horn.

Shortly after his arrival in San Francisco he went
to the placer mines, where he remained several years,
but met with poor success, and later engaged in hy-
draulic operations until he broke down in health and
suffered a paralytic stroke. When he had recovered
sufficiently, he concluded to go back to his old trade
of tanning, and obtained employment in a Santa
Cruz tanner^', where he worked several years and
became acquainted wdth !Mr. Simon Grozelier, en-
.gaged in the same business. Mr. Grozelier went to
San Jose about 1862, where he established a tannery
on a small scale on Park Avenue, where the Roman
Catholic school is now located, and in 1864 was
joined In- Gustavus Nelson in partnership under the
firm name of (irozclicr & Nelson. Gustavus Nelson
had left his wife and child in Germany, for it was
his purpose to establish himself firmly in business
liefore bringing them out. This had been accom-
plished, and in 1868 he returned to Germany for his
Avife and brought her to San Jose the same year.
His son, Gustave Nelson, had left two years before
the father's arrival for Manila, P. I., where he was
employed from 1866 to 1870, when he left and came
to San Jose to join his parents, and soon after be-
came an employe of Grozelier & Nelson, in the tan-
nery; and wdien in 1876 his father retired from busi-

y ^ /r(i^^--^y~^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

471

uess. he conveyed his interest to Gustaxe. In Janu-
ary, 1887, the latter bought out Simon Grozeher's
share, and conducted the business alone successfully
until 1904 under the name of the San Jose Tannery,
when he also retired.

In 1877, Mr. Nelson erectetl his home at ,^,^,i Vine
Street, and the following year, on March U), was
married to Miss Ida Kricg, a daughter of Julius
Krieg, who had settled in San Jose in 1870, coming
from New York Cit\. Mrs. Nelson is a noble-
hearted woman who has proved the best of help-
mates; and two children blessed their imion, Adolph
and Laura. Adolph is a salesman, is married, and re-
sides at Sacramento; and Laura has become the wife
of A. H. Lawry, a mining engineer at Goldtield,
Xev. j\Ir. and Mrs. Nelson are both members of the
Santa Clara County Pioneer Society; and Mr. Nel-
son is a well-known memlier of the Independent Or-
der of Odd Fellows.

THOMAS AND HENRIETTE PELLIER CAS-
ALEGNO. — A most interestmg family is that
of Thomas and Henriette Pellier Casalegno, residing
at 155 South Twelfth Street, San Jose, and boasting
a large circle of admiring friends. Henriette Pellier
was born at the Mission San Jose on June 17, 1860,
the daughter of Pierre Pellier and his good wife,
who was Henriette Renaud before her marriage.
Pierre Pellier, a brother of the late Louis Pellier, the
famous Santa Clara Valley horticulturalist, was born
at the Pellier home on the western coast of France,
not far from Bordeaux, and was reared and schooled
in France; and as he grew vip on the home estate
and worked hard, and after he had served seven
years in the army of France, he was not satisfied to
remain in France, and he migrated to America to
join his brother, Louis, who had come to California
in 1847. He set out soon after the close of the revo-
lution in French territories in 1848, and made the
trip early in 1849 by way of the Horn, arriving at
San Francisco six months later. He located in the
Santa Clara A^alley at San Jose, and becoming as-
sociated with his brother, Louis, who built one of the
first frame houses in the Santa Clara Valley, finish-
ing the same in true French style.

Early in 1854, Pierre returned to his native coun-
try, as he wished to seek a wife, and according to
the stor}-, he was married there that same year. Be-
fore returning to California, however, he tried to in-
duce his brother, John, to make the trip with himself
and wife, but he did not visit California until Louis
died. Pierre set out again for America, and this
time, in a box carefully packed, he brought with him
cuttings and seeds of many varieties of fruits from
his native country which had been gathered by him
before his departure, on orders from Louis Pellier
at San Jose. Among others were the French prune
trees, which proved to be the first ever set out in the
Santa Clara Valley. There were also grapes and
other fruits; and from 1856 the brothers engaged in
the nursery business at San Jose, and they also went
in for ranching on rather an extensive scale and were
successful. When Pierre came back to California he
1)rought Delphine and Joseph Delmas, then only
eleven and nine years old, by request of their father,
who was in California. In 1860, Pierre removed to
the Mission San Jose, and there engaged in ranching
and vineyarding. After three years, he returned to
San Jose, and thence went to Evergreen, where he

planted 150 acres to vines and farmed some 300 acres
which property still forms a part of the Pellier
estate In 1880, Mr. Pellier, accompanied by his
two daughters, Helene and Elise, returned to France
tor a short tour, and in 1894 he died at Evergreen
at wh.ch pace Ins wife had passed away fifteen years
^■'°^^\^ "'^' ''--^t t""^' Pierre Pellier came to Cali-
torn.a U was around the Horn, when the vessel got
-u,ght n, the ue. He had made the tr,p four times
■ "<1 once when crossing the Isthmus he had to pay
twenty-hye cents per bottle for water. The time
consumed ,n a journey was about s,x months. When
Mr. and Mr.s Casalegno and their two voungest
daughters made the trip in 1914 thev made tile ocean
voyage n, tn-e days. They made stops at manv
niterestmg pomts m Europe. Their visit was one
>-ear duration, caused by the breaking out of the
war and money hard to get on account of rate of
exchange. They were glad to get back to Califor-
nia, well pleased with the Golden State.

Five children were born to Pierre and Mrs Pel-
lier. Louis died at the age of sixteen. Henriette
IS the subject ot this story and was educated at
Notre Dame College. Helene, now deceased, became
the wife of P. Prudhomme and the mother of four
children. Elise is the widow of Leon Renaud and
mother ot eight children, and resides at Evergreen
Josephine, who is Mrs. Mitchell Casalegno is the
mother ot six children, and the happv familv re-
side at Morgan Hill.

Henriette PeUier was reared at the old rancho
home, and in 1880 married her first husband Pe-
ter H. Mirassou, a native of France, who migrated
to America in 1878— a man of strong moral char-
acter who was very resourceful. They had five
children. Denise is now Mrs. Enos IBechis and
she resides with her two children at Oakdale on
their 200 acres of orchard. Peter iMirassou has a
vineyard of 100 acres at Evergreen and lives there
with his wife and two children. Theresa, now Mrs
John Bidou, has two children and lives' at Prune-
dale. Herman Mirassou and wife live on Cypress
Avenue, with their four children; he is an orchard-
ist. John Mirassou is a rancher on the McLough-
hn Road. Mr. Mirassou passed away early in 1889
at Evergreen.

Her second marriage was to Thomas Casalegno, in
July, 1890, and they remained on the old place till
1909, and where Mrs. Casalegno had lived for fifty
years. The family then removed to Oakdale, where
-Mr. Casalegno, who had emigrated from Italy to
America in 1885, proved successful as a rancher and
business man. They resided at Oakdale for ten
years and recently they removed to San Jose, in
which hospitable city, at 155 South Twelfth street,
they dispense a cordial welcome to their friends.
The family belongs to St. Patrick's Parish Cath-
olic Church. Mr. Casalegno has been successfully
engaged in orcharding since he first pitched his
tent m the Santa Clara A'alley in 1905; and m his
arduous work, prosecuted according to the last word
of science and with most modern methods and up-
to-date apparatus, he has been ably assisted by his
family. Their eldest child, Annette, is the wife of
S. Mondo of Oakdale; Celestine is at home, and
Thomasine is the wife of M. ^Mondo. and resides
at Ripon, in San Joac|uin County.

472

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

JEREMIAH D. CASEY— An early settler of Santa
Clara County where he lives retired from active
business, Jeremiah D. Casey, more familiarly known
as "Jerry," was born in County Roscommon, Ireland,
December 28, 1834. Mr. Casey's ancestors belonged
to an early English family, who were people of ster-
ling integrity and on account of which, they were en-
trusted and put in charge of the extensive estates
belonging to the Crown of England.

At the age of nineteen, Mr. Casey left the paternal
roof, and embarking for America, landed in New York
in 1853. His first work was that of farm laborer.
Not being content with this line of work, he removed
to Brooklyn, New York, where he was employed by
a dairy company for a number of years. With the
characteristic industry and thrift of his forbears, he
had accumulated sufficient money to take him to
California and in 1863 he arrived in San Francisco,
where he stopped for a short time and worked in a
dairy near the city. In 1865 he came down to Santa
Clara County and this has been his home ever since.
Purchasing sixteen cows for $1600, he delivered milk
to the residents of Almadcn Hill. The first piece
of property he bought was seven acres for $500 from
John McDonald. To this he added in 1871, a tract
of 169 acres from Airs. Dunn, for which he paid
$6,000, making 176 acres in all. With his younger
brother, John Casey, as a working partner, about
1874, he bought 770 acres near the Almaden mines
and this was devoted to the raising of stock and a
dairy by the brothers until their partnership was dis-
solved, when John took over the stock and the liill
ranch as his portion, Jerry keeping the 176 acres.
John sold out later to Steve Cannon and in 1885 he
died, unmarried. It was about 1876 that our subject
negotiated for the Elwood ranch of 120 acres and
this gave him 296 acres of good land and it has been
known as the Casey Ranch ever since and was
operated by Mr. Casey with good success until he
retired in 1910, when he leased the property and
came to reside in San Jose. He made a specialty of
raising horses and cattle, and through his close
attention to business he was able to retire with a
competency.

On August 15, 1877. Mr. Case\' married Miss
Susan (>allagher, of Massachusetts, who was also an
early settler of California, having removed from there
in the year of 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Casey reside at
376 Park Avenue, San Jose, where they are satisfied
to spend their remaining days. In religious views
the accepted faith of the family is that of the Catholic
Church and they are ardent supporters of its teach-
ings. Mr. Casey is respected and honored throughout
the comiTiunity in which he resides and has been
counted among the public spirited citizens of the
county where he is now one of its oldest residents.

JOHN W. SULLIVAN.— A native son of Califor-
nia who has chosen the professional life of an at-
torney for his career and who has held a number of
positions of responsibility in the city of San Jose,
is John W. Sullivan, who was born on August 15,
1864, San Jose being his birthplace. He was the
son of Patrick and Elizabeth (O'Sullivan) Sulli-
van, who came to California during the early days
of 1860. It was pioneers, such as these, who helped
in the building of this great commonwealth and
through their indomitable courage and work made
possible all the comforts and luxuries that the pres-

ent generation now enjoys. Both parents passed
to their reward some time ago.

John W. Sullivan received his education in the
public schools of San Jose, graduating from the
grammar school and then entering the State Nor-
mal; he also graduated from that institution May 22,
1884, and taught school for a number of years,
studying law in the meantime. He was admitted to
the bar on May 4, 1886, and practiced law in San
Jose for awhile and then went to Los Angeles, and
San Fernando, where he taught school for a year.
Going on to San Diego he entered the law firm of
Hunsaker and Britt, remaining with them a year.
The next three years were spent in Mexico and
on his return he went to Plumas County and taught
school for two years. He then ran for the of-
fice of district attorney during the election of 1894,
but was defeated and returning to San Jose in the
fall of 1894 again began practicing law and has since
given his time to the legal profession. He served
as city attorney of San Jose during the years of
1912-14 under the administration of Mayor Monahan.

Mr. Sullivan's marriage, which occurred on May
7, 1904, united him with Miss Jane Ruger, and they
arc the parents of four children: John, Jane, Henry
and Sophia.

Nearly all of Mr. Sullivan's life has been spent
in Santa Clara County and all of his cnerg}' and
enthusiasm has been given to its development, com-
mercially, socially and morally. He is well and fa-
vorably known and has a large clientele, maintain-
ing offices in the Ryland Building. He has been
president of the Santa Clara County Bar Associa-
tion for the past two years and is a member of the
State Bar Association and also of San Jose Parlor
No. 22, Native Sons of the Golden W'est, of which he
is a past president.

FREDERICK C. BURRELL.— A far-seeing, ex-
ceptionally enterprising and progressive rancher is
P'rederick C. Burrell, whose enviable success is un-
doubtedly due to much self-denial practiced in the
beginning, in order to well establish himself, and to
untiring diligence and sensible administration of his
affairs in order to keep things running smoothly and
expanding ever since. He is a native son, born in
historic Gilroy on September 26. 1857, the son of
Edward Burrell, a native of Clyde, Wayne County,
N. v., who came to California, by way of the Isth-
mus, in 1849, mined for a time, and then, having con-
cluded that the Golden State offered excellent oppor-
tunities for young men, went back to Illinois, where
he had originally prepared for his California expedi-
tion, and there, at Plainfield, married Miss Louisa
Hannibal. She was a native of England, and was
brought out to the States and Illinois by her parents
when she was two years old. As a wedding journey,
Edward Burrell and his bride set out for California
in an ox-team train; and during their trip of six
months, they met many exciting, as well as interest-
ing, experiences. The same train included the parents
of Mrs. Burrell, so that they had as merry a party as
could then be formed.

The Burrells settled, first at Gilroy and then at
Pacheco Pass, where they were extensively engaged
in raising sheep; and finally the family moved to a
ranch of 103 acres south of Alviso, and there Edward
Burrell set out thirty acres of orchard, and in course
of time endured the usual hard and trying exper-
iences confronting the pioneer rancher and fi"uit

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

475

raiser. And. liaving merited the esteem of everyone
wlio knew them on acconnt of their intelHgent
methods of proeedure, their hard and honest work,
their fair and square and kindly dealings with others,
A-Ir. Burrell died on the raneh north of San Jose,
and Mrs. Burrell died in Santa Clara. Of their family
of nine ehildren, three are living, Frederick C, Mrs.
Eltha Parmer and Airs. Edith Parmer, both residents
of Santa Clara.

Frederick C. Burrell, who was destined so worthily
to represent these intrepid, worthy pioneer-parents,
was sent to the public schools at Alviso, and later,
having matriculated at the College of the Pacific, was
duly graduated with honors as a member of the class
of 79. He then took up teaching as a profession,
and for five years taught in various places, in the
latter part of the period succeeding Judge P. F.
Gosbcy as principal of the Alviso School. At the
end of these first five years, Mr. Burrell was given
a state educational certificate entitling him to teach
for six years more in California without further ex-
aminations or credentials; but by this time he had
concluded that he could render society a greater ser-
vice in other fields. While teaching, he had bought
eleven acres of raw land south of --Klviso, and he now
began its development.

He did almost all the work himself, and practiced
many self-denials in order to get his land paid for;
and in the arduous work of setting out fruit trees
and berry plants and bushes, he experienced many
discouragements such as would have induced others
with less vision and fortitude to throw up the sponge.
But, little by little, he succeeded and gradually as
he progressed he added to his holdings, until
he had forty-four acres, thirty of which he had set
out to fruit trees. He made this place his home, too,
and as he further prospered, he bought the William
Erkson ranch of ninety-seven acres, and undertook
to develop this tract from its raw state, also putting
out another thirty acres of orchard here. These
tracts he still owns, as well as the old home ranch
of 103 acres, which he purchased from his father's
estate, so that with this additional thirty acres of or-
chard, he has, all in all, some ninety acres of fine
orchard, while the balance of his land he devotes to
general ranching.

Mr. Burrell has certainly made a decided financial,
as well as a scientific, success of his agricultural ef-
forts, but to do this, he has had to work very hard
and to deny himself many pleasures. Often, for ex-
ample, when the markets were unstable, he has had
to sell the choicest of pears for twenty-five cents
per box, aird in addition was compelled to haul them
to market. Pears, apples and berries have been his
principal fruits; and if, at times, he realized far less
in market-price for his products than the labor and
worry would justly entitle him to get, he has had the
satisfaction of knowing that he not only produced
some of the finest fruit in Santa Clara County, for
the enjoyment of humanity somewhere, but by such
conscientious and highly intelligent methods as he
had always employed, after the most careful study
of conditions and the latest results of science, he has
contributed much to the advancement of California
horticulture.

At Santa Clara, on July 14, 1896, Mr. Burrell was
united in marriage with Miss Myrtle B. Willis, a
native of Visalia and the daughter of J. T. and Mabel

(Bennett) Willis, both Kentuckians, who came to
California— Mr. Willis arriving here as early as 1852.
He became a prominent rancher and stockraiser,
and did his share to develop California. The families
of Bennett and Willis settled in Tulare County, and
there Mrs. Willis died, whereupon Mr. Willis removed
to a small ranch near Agnew, in 1893, living there,
practically retired, until his death. Two of his chil-
dren survive him— Mrs. Burrell and her brother, H.
C. Willis, also of San Jose. Four children have been
granted Mr. and Mrs. Burrell: Chester Alton was
graduated from Stanford University in 1919, and dur-
ing the World War he took the training in the R. O.
T. C. there. Clyde liverett graduated from the Davis
Agricultural School in 1920, and also trained with
the R. (). T. C. at Stanford. The other two sons are
Kenneth Ray and Howard Russell.

In 1910 Mr. Burrell removed to San Jose and built
a fine modern house at 196 South Eighth Street,
giving every attention to the details of the structure
and attaining exceptional results, and there, amidst
the comforts he has so justly earned, he is living
happily with his family, although he still continues
to give his personal supervision to his agricultural
enterprises. In matters of national political concern,
he marches with the Republican legions, but he is
too broad-minded, when it comes to purely local is-
sues, to be partisan, and is among the first to endorse
and support what seem to be the best men and the
best measures for the conmiunities in which he lives
and thrives. He is a member of the San Jose Cham-
ber of Commerce, and with Mrs. Burrell is an active,
devoted member of the Baptist Church of Santa
Clara. Mrs. Burrell, in addition, is a member of the
Women's Christian Temperance Union, and has for
years found pleasure in advancing its work and
making known its helpful ideals.

WILLIAM HENRY CHRISMAN.— As one of a

large numljer of men who have found business
opportunities in the county of Santa Clara, and in
turn have endeavored to promote the commercial de-
velopment of this portion of California, mention be-
longs to William Henry Chrisman, who with his
brother \\'alter L., under the firm name of Chris-
man Bros., o«ns the oldest wood, coal and hay
establishment in the valley. This county is also his
birthplace, having been born here December 12,
1867, a son of Josiah and Mary (Britton) Chris-
man; both early pioneers of California, coming here
in 1864; the mother passed a\\ay in 1916, but Mr.
Chrisman is still living at the age of 80 years.

In 1872 the family remo-\-ed to San Mateo Coun-
ty and there William Henry Chrisman was edu-
cated in the public schools of San Alateo. Dur-
ing the year of 1888, when he had reached his ma-
jority, he established himself in business in San
Jose, as a partner with an uncle. J. H. Chris-
man. dealing in hay, in «-hich business he has
continued successfully through the years of his resi-
dence here. The firm of Chrisman Bros, was es-
tablished in July, 1893. when W. L. bought into the
firm, and they are members of the Chamber of
Commerce and the Merchants' Association of San
Jose. Fraternally W. H. is a Mason, and belongs
to Islain Temple of San Francisco and is a Knight
of Pythias and an Odd Fellow. Politically he is
a Republican.

476

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

}\lr. Chrisman'> marriage September 9. 1896. unit-
ed him with Miss Aliee Hohson, a daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Thomas il. Hobson, the Hobson faniilj'
l)eing among the oldest pioneers of tlie valley. Mr. and
Mrs. Chrisman have two sons, Herman, a senior in
vStanford I'nivcrsity; Norman Ellsworth, attending the
San Jose high school. In religious belief, Mr. Chris-
man is a member of the ^tethodist Episcopal Church,
while his wife belongs to the Episcopal Church.
.Mr. Chrisman is a true lover of the great outdoors
and is extremely fond . of hshing. He has always
been interested in the advancement of his community,
is progressive and enjo>s the esteem of many friends
and business associates.

HOMER KNOWLES.— Prominent among the
new-comers in Santa Clara whose natural ability,
record for professional anrl social accomplishments,
and promise of future value to the community, have
contributed to assure them the warmest welcome,
are Mr. and Mrs. Homer Knowles, the former an
expert m the pottery trade, and the latter distin-
guished as a direct descendant of John Marshall,
ex-Chief Justice of the United States. Mr. Knowles
was born on July 0, 1884, and grew up at East
Liverpool, Ohio, and he was educated at Trinity
School, in New York City, at the Peekskill Alili-
tary Academy, and at St. Paul's College, m New
York. He finished his education by traveling in
Europe, seeing the (_)ld World extensively; for he
\vas fortunate in an affectionate, cultured and in-
dulgent mother. She was Ida Stockdale before her
marriage; and she «as born at Georgetown, Pa., the
daughter of the president of the Dollar Savings
Bank, at Pittsburgh, and president of the Pitts-
burgh e\; Cincinnati Packet Comijany. In 1900, Mr.
Knowles came to California for six months to look
around; and today hnds him settled in one of the
most progressive cities, the leading pottery manu-
facturer of California.

()n .'\ugust 27. 1902, Mr. Knowles was married
to Miss Alma Marshall, a daughter of Attorney E.
D. Marshall, of Chester, W. Ya., who has receiitl}'
settled in Santa Clara; and this fortunate union has
lieen blessed with three children; Gail, Alma and
Homer. Each of the children are endowed in some
exceptional and promising manner.

The Homer Knowles I'ottery Company, of which
Mr. Knowles is both president and general manager,
manufacture^ dmner-sets and hotel dishes. It was
conceived of at East Liverpool. Ohio. Mr. Knowles'
place of birth and his former home, and it was in-
corporated under the laws of Delaware on June 17,
1920, with a capitalization of $750,000. The pot-
tery plant is located on a plot of si.x and a half acres
on the Alviso Road, just north of the Santa Clara
city limits, and ground «as broken for the factor>-
on y\pril 14, 1921. The cornerstone of the main
building. 159x.^5,i feet in size, was laid on June 9.
Mr. Knowles drew all the plans for the factory, as
\\-cll as for the five upright kilns, and he will prob-
ably install one tunnel kiln, 321 feet long, with the
capacity of ten uprights. An entire shipload of En.g-
lish potter's clay, the largest single shipment ever
received by an American potter, was consigned to
and has recently been received by him at the Santa
Clara pottery; it contained 3,684,000 lbs. of the de-
sired-for material, and was shipped by way of the

Isthmus, through the I'anama Canal. This English
claj- can be laid down at Santa Clara very much
cheaper than at East Liverpool, Ohio, and from this
fact alone it will be seen that the new dinner-ware
I)ottery, which is expected to be in operation in
1922 and to employ some 225 men and women, will
be most favorably located.

It has been estimated that several thousand peo-
ple attended the oflicial ceremonies marking the lay-
ing of the cornerstone, when there were notable
speakers. The president. Homer Knowles, delivered
a short address of welcome and introduced Judge
Charles A. Thomp,-.on of Santa Clara as chairman;
and then the Rev. Noel Porter, rector of Trinity
Episcopal Church of S.Jin Jose, made the presentation
speech. This \\as respondetl to. on behalf of Santa
Clara, bj- Father Timothy L. Murphy, president of
the Ebiiversity of Santa Clara. A. K. Frye. of San
Francisco, industrial agent of the Southern Pacific
Railroad Compan>-, spoke of the advantages to a
community of her industries. The ceremonies were
opened with a parade, led b>' a band and a squad
of motorcycle police.

The site for this property at Santa Clara was se-
lected after approximatel}- twenty- cities in Califor-
nia had been visited, and as the plant will be situ-
ated within the yard limits of Santa Clara on the main
tracks of the Southern Pacific at the intersection
of the main Coast line to San Francisco, and the main
western division to Oakland, there will be a spur
track with an outlet at both ends, and a spur with
a capacity of ten cars at the \vorks. The plant is
also on the main State Highway between San Fran-
cLsco and Los Angeles, forty-three miles from San
Francisco and 427 miles from the Southland metrop-
olis. As an investment for California money this
company- should pro\e a great attraction. Billions
of dishes are in daily u^e, millions of them are
broken and replaced each day. and the Eastern pot-
teries are unable to supjjly the demand.

-Mr. Knowle.^. the president and manager, belongs
to a famih- of potters. His grandfather started
the business in 1853, and his father, the late Homer
S. Knowles. one of the greatest potters of his time,
commenced business when he was fifteen years old.
Together, they made the Knowles, Talor & Knowles
Company, famous in every town and city in the
l.hiited States. The name Knowles. whenever found
on domestic ware, has long significfl as much as the
name Haviland on French china. The members of
the board of directors are: Homer Knowles, Irwin
E. Pomeroy and W. H, Cook of Santa Clara; C. E.
.Uarcum of Los Altos; \\". J. Dou.yall and Frank
L. Hoyt of San Jose.

The advent of the Knowles family to California
adds as materially to the social and religious life
as It does to its industrial and financial life. Mr.
and Mrs. Knowdes adhere to the lipiscopalian faith
and Mr. Knowles is the treasurer of the Episcopal
Church at Santa Clara. He is a member of the
Chamber of Commerce of Santa Clara, and the
Commercial Club of San Jose. He is also a member
of the California State Automobile Association, and
the Transportation Club of San Francisco, and is
an associate member of the .\merican Ceramic So-
ciety. In politics he is a stanch Republican, and a
personal friend of President Harding.

6^<:::^^^w^

HISTORY OF SANTA CF.ARA COUNTY

479

MRS. CALIFORNIA CASTLE.— As a wcH-knowu
pioneer and a native danKlUer, Mrs. California Cas-
tle oecupies a position of promiiienee in her section,
which has been her home for many years. Born
in Georgetown, Eldorado Connt.v, Cal., Jnly 9, 1851,
she has the honor of being the hrst white child born
in this hnstling mining town; this fact caused a great
deal of excitement among tlic miners, and from many
miles they came to pay homage to the babe. It was
the custom of the miners to flock to Georgetown
on Sundays and learning that the first baby had ar-
rived, about 400 came in and finally insisted on seeing
the baby. Many of them having left their little ones
in the East, were so reminded of their own children
that they wept; finally the baby was brought out
on a pillow^ and the miners circled around and laid
fifty dollar gold slugs on the pillow and said to the
folks, "If you let us name her Eureka, we will make
her so rich she will never want"; but her father
rejected their offer and clung to the name he had
given her, California. Her father, Daniel Reel, was
a native of Pennsylvania, and her mother, Elizabeth
Boone, before her marriage, and a cousin of Daniel
Boone, was born in Ohio. In 1849 they came over-
land to California, crossing the plains in the customary
way, behind o.x teams, in company with the Boone
family, direct descendants of Daniel Boone. The
trip across the plains occupied nine months and was
fraught with many dangers and hardships. The fam-
ily hrst settled in Placerville; remaining there but
one year, they removed to Georgetown, a mining
section, where Air. Reel erected the first hotel. He
contributed much to the advancement of this section
of the country and was a highly respected citizen.
Later his hotel was burned down, but he rebuilt it
and continued in business in Georgetown, and by his
persistency and close attention to business, he
amassed a considerable fortune. During the year
of 1868. the family removed to Drytown, Amador
County, where Mr. Reel engaged in the hotel busi-
ness. It was here, in the year 1870 that he died,
the mother passing away in San Jose about 1900. Of
their seven children. California was ne.xt to the
\-oungest.

California Reel obtained her education in the public
schcols of Amador County. After the death of her
lather, the family removed to Sale Station, Nev.,
and she went to school in Carson City, In 1869 she
came with her mother to San Jose, where she was
married to Isaac Newton Castle. Mr. Castle was a
native of New York, migrating to California in 1852,
coming by way of the Isthmus of Panama, Being
ambitious to attain individual success, he soon became
an influential citizen of his community, investing
extensiveh' in land and cattle. His real estate hold-
ings were located in the counties of Merced, Stanis-
laus and Santa Clara, and a large ranch in eastern
Oregon where ranged 5000 head of cattle, their
brand being a circle on the left hip, while the horse
brand was two small c's on the shoulder. He ran
about 250 head of horses, and bought cattle in Ne-
vada and Mexico bj' the trainloads and brought them
to California. He trailed 1500 head of beef steers,
three to five j'ears old. from eastern Oregon to
Marysville, where he sold them. He was the first
man to do this, was laughed at by people who said
it couldn't be done, that they would get poor enroute,
but in a little over si.x weeks, he brought them over-
land fat and ready for market. The cattle were
stretched out for five miles along the road. Mrs.
Castle accompanied her husband on nearh' all the

large drives. He sold out in Oregon and leased a
ranch of ,iO,()00 acres in San Benito County and
ran cattle for fifteen years; then bought near Grid-
ley, Butte County, but material for feeding cattle was
short, so this place was sold and he bought a big
ranch in Calaveras County; later this was sold to
the Spring Valley Water Company and he located
at San hclipe, Pacheco Pass, in Santa Clara and
Merced counties. Here he was taken ill and he was
advised to quit, so he sold to Louis Cauhape and
came to San Jose and built a residence on San Car-
los Street, but he failed in health and in 1911 passed
away. For a number of years the family resided
near ,San I'elipe, but their preference for San Jose
was so marked, that it was always spoken of as their
place of residence. He had reserved 9000 acres of
the lease for his wife and two sons to continue the
cattle business, which they did for hve years until
the lease expired; then they bought several thou-
sand acres, one of the finest ranches in Napa Coun-
ty, near .N'apa Junction and engaged in the cattle
business; also raised grain, alfalfa, and many hogs,
operating the ranch with tractors. They ran it for
about two years and then sold it at a big profit and
returned to San Jose, where Mrs. Castle resides in
the Castle ,'\partments on West San Carlos Street.
Mrs. Castle again engaged in the cattle business
\vith her sons and bought two ranches adjoining
each other, the Ross & Carl ranch and the Lester
ranch, consisting of about 4000 acres of land de-
voted to the raising of Hereford cattle. From the
start, Mrs. Castle was interested in the business and
readily learned to judge cattle, their condition, weight
and value. This she learned from her husband, as
Mr. Castle was an expert judge of cattle; could tell
the weight of any animal in a big herd, rarely missing
it more than five pounds. He was considered one
of the best stockmen in California, and their eldest
son is today a close second to his father and very
a^ceurate in his judgment of cattle, Mr. and Mrs.
Castle were the parents of two sons; Arthur F.
whose life history will be found elsewhere in this
volume, and Roy N. a graduate of Heald's Busi-
ness College, who, since his graduation has been
actively engaged in stockraising, and is well known
throughout the central and northern parts of Califor-
nia. In 1916 he was married to Miss Lavern Mc-
Clelland, a native of Santa Ana, Orange County, Cal.
Mr. Castle was an active Mason and a member of
the California Pioneer Society. During the year of
I'JIO. his health very visibly failed, his physician final-
ly resorting to the transfusion operation. Deputy
Sheriff Howard Noble gave a quart of blood, but
all to no avail, and Mr. Castle passed away at the
old home place in San Jose January 21, 1911. Mrs.
Castle is an active member of the Eastern Star of
San Jose; she has always conducted her business
with rare abilitj' and she is held in high esteem in
her community.

HENRY MEADE BLAND, A.M., Ph.D.— Emi-
nent in the California educational world as probably
the best acknowledged authority on English, Dr.
Henry Meade Bland of San Jose is fortunate in
e.xerting the most enviable influence in the guiding
of tendencies in popular education along the entire
Pacific Coast, and in the maintaining of high stand-
ards even in secondary school work such as would
do credit to any great center throughout the world.
As Dean of Literature at the State College, he bears
his years and his honors us lightly and as bccom-

480

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ingly as a tree bears leaves and fruit. The honors
range all the way from recognition for personal at-
tainment in realms of prose and poetry, to discourses
on varied themes and on the good and great of
earth; for on the doctor's list of personal friends are
the names of poets, philosophers and scientists, glo-
rious in the anthology of human life.

Just what holds the fullest measure of soul-satis-
faction for this poet, philosopher and teacher, who
has a way of reading onljr what is best in individuals,
it is difficult to determine. Jjut when you know this
quiet savant, fond of reading and writing poetry,
a nature-loving soul who never misses anything from
a drop of dew gleaming on the grass-blade, to a star
glowing in the heavenly blue, you learn something
altogether delightful. Dr. Bland's interest in his
fellowman is also considerable; and he is fonder than
anything else of discovering in somebody else a
streak of literary talent well worth the developing.
He knew Edwin Alarkham, and believed in him, long
before "The Man With the Hoe" became the en-
during monument of the poet's fame. A close and
personal friend of Jack London, Dr. Bland had the
greatest admiration for the fearless author, and said
of him: 'Tt is u-npossible for the world of letters
to measure the loss suffered when Jack London died,
for his tremendous creative ability evidenced by
forty-two books was only the beginning of his lit-
erary development." Dr. Bland has also been a close
friend of Charles Warren Stoddard, George Sterling,
Herbert Bashford, John Muir, William Henry Car-
ruth, Joaquin Miller, David Starr Jordan, and all
able literary men who have had great influence m
shaping the letters of the West.

A native son of California, Henry Meade Bland
was born in Fairfield, Solano County, 1863, the son
of Henry James and Annot L. (Steele) Bland. His
father was a Methodist minister, while on his
mother's side the family leads back to the days of
the American Revolution. Grandfather David Steele
fought in the War for Independence, and being
wounded in one of the battles by a fracture of the
skull, it was found necessary, in order to save his
life, to remove a part of the bone and place over the
opening a silver plate; and with this clever device of
the surgeons of the day, he lived to be an old man, —
truly a remarkable result of science in that period.
Great-Great-Uncle Richard Steele was a man of con-
siderable literary genius, and conjointly with Ad-
dison he edited in England his own periodical, the
"Tatler" and the "Spectator." Mrs. Bland's father
had a fancy for odd names for his children, as will
be noted from her own name, Annot. He named his
five daughters each after the heroine of a novel. Dr.
Bland's father was also celebrated for his great
memory, having memorized the Methodist Hymnal
and also the Psalms and the Book of Proverbs, and
much of the New Testament.

As a boy, Henry Meade attended the grammar
school of his locality, and then he took a course in
the then University of the Pacific, from which he
was graduated in the class of '87, with the doctor's
degree in Shakespearean research in 1890. He was
also a member of the pioneer class that graduated
from Stanford University in 1895; he majored in
English, received the degree of Master of Arts in
English Philology, and was a fellow-student with

Herbert Hoover, also a member of the same class.
Later in the nineties he took graduate work for a
year in the University of California. His first ex-
perience as an educator was in the public schools
of Contra Costa County. Then he came to Santa
Clara County and established the Los Gatos high
school, and later he accepted the principalship of the
Grant school in San Jose, where he remained for
six years. He then became principal of the Santa
Clara high school, which office he continued to fill
for two years. He began to come into his own, to
find the field for which he is undoubtedly especially
equipped, when he became instructor in education
at the College of the Pacific.

In 1899, Dr. Bland became a member of the fac-
ulty of the State Normal School at San Jose, as-
suming at once the direction of the English depart-
inent. In 1905, a committee of seventy men were
chosen to revise the school laws of the State of
California, and Dr. Bland has the honor of being a
member of that committee. For twelve years, also,
he has actively served on the Santa Clara County
Board of Education where he made a record for both
ability and unselfish devotion to the public weal.
Twice he has been summer session lecturer on the
Literature of the Pacific Coast in the University of
California.

The marriage of Dr. Bland occurred in Alameda
on July 25, 1888, and united him with Miss Mabel
Haskell, who was born in Bangor, Maine, a daugh-
ter of Henry H. and Lorinda (jMillcr) Haskell, and
this has proven a very happy union. Mrs. Bland
is a woman of very pleasing personality, having been
reared m an atmosphere of culture and refinement,
and as a charming woman, she presides gracefully
over their home. Two children have been born to
Professor and Mrs. Bland. Henry Morton, married
Miss I'earl Andrews, is engaged in transportation
at Stockton, and they have a daughter, Mildred
Annot, the wife of Aloysius MacCormack, who re-
side on their ranch near Cressey, in iMcrced County,
and who are the parents of two sons, Melvin and
Loudon MacCormack.

Dr. Bland has also written considerably, among
his most noted work being magazine sketches of
«cstern literature, treating in particular of many of
the greatest literary characters of the West. He
also has published a series of entertaining articles
entitled "The Literary Women of California," a
really valuable acquisition to the literature of the
state. In 1907 he brought out a volume of verse,
"Song of Autumn." and two of his finest lyrics will
be found in the State series of readers. A booklet
of verse, "In Yosemite," dedicated to this wonderful
valley, is on sale there as a souvenir, and according
to Edwin Markham is the most elaborate and musi-
cal poem that has ever been written on the beauties
and wonders of the great valley. Politically Dr.
Bland gives his support to the Republican party, and
in all matters tending to advance the public wel-
fare, he is generally found lending a helping hand.
His activities have always been of great breadth,
and his life has ever been actuated by high and noble
principles, the ideals wdiich he entertains prompting
him to put for the most practical efforts to bring
about their adoption.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

483

BENJAMIN F. HOBSON.— Another iiitcrcsliiiK
representative of a pioneer laniily lony reeo^nized
and honored for its part in IjuiUlini; the K'eat eoni-
nionwealth of California, is lienjaniin 1'. Hohsou,
tlie ranelier, who is operatint; a lar^je prune orehard
on the Berryessa Road, about two and one-half miles
east of San Jose. He was born on the old Hobson
ranch in the same locality, on September 15, 1K85,
the son of David Hobson, who left North Carolina,
bis native state, in the fall of 1849, crossiii.t,' the plains
with oxen and reached Californi.i in the spring; of
1850. He mined for jiold in the Sonora district for
two or three >-ears, and in 185,i came into Santa
Clara County. He purchased a tract of ci,L;ht\'-lh-e
acres on the Berryessa Road, then devoted entirely-
to grain raising, and from time to time he acc|uired
additional land until he bad 175 acres all in one
body. It was not yet under irrigation, and from this
fact alone may be gathered a cue as to the difficulties
confronting the pioneer farmer. He planted one of
the first orchards designed for commercial use east
of the Coyote Ranch, and did wonderfulh- well with
it. never dreaming of the abundance of water now
at the disposal of his son through a fine artesian
well sunk on the ranch.

David Hobson married Miss Mar>- E Langensee.
whose folks came from Germany, sailing for New-
York when she was a little child. From the metrop-
olis they moved to Indiana, and then came on to
California, where Miss Langensee and ^Ir. Hobson
were married Eleven children were born to this
fortunate union: Anna lives on the home ranch, and
so do Phillip and David; Ella is Mrs, A"an Horn of
San Jose; Edna and Alfred are also at home; Benj. F.
is the subject of this sketch; and Celesta is a popu-
lar teacher at Markleyville; Charles, James and Ruth
lon,g ago joined the great silent majority.

Benjamin F. Hobson commenced his schooling in
the Berryessa district, and then he continued his
studies at the San Jose high school, wdiere he was
graduated in June, 1905. From a lad he had made
himself useful on the home farm, assisting in planting
and caring for the orchard, so after his graduation
he continued to help his father, and he has been ac-
tive on the home ranch ever since. In 1914 he took
the special course in agriculture at the University of
California, attending the lectures at the University
Farm at Davis, and it is needless to say that all his
methods are the most progressive. His father, es-
teemed by all wdio knew him, passed away in 1916,
but he left his ranch of 175 acres intact, and this
has since been divided among the several heirs. Mrs.
Flobson, beloved by so many, breathed her last in
1912. Mr. and Mrs. Hobson were devoted members
of the Berryessa Methodist Church, and for many
years Mr. Hobson conducted one of the Bible classes
best organized and best maintained in the county.
Inheriting his public-spiritedncss and high sense of
civic duty, Benjamin Hobson is active in political
affairs as a leading Republican The Hobson ranch
is devoted almost entirely to the raising of prunes,
and the products rank among the finest of Santa
Clara County fruit.

MRS. JOHN S. SELBY.— An estimable pioneer
who is donl>ly interesting .as a successful woman of
affairs is Mrs. John S. Selb\', who was Miss Sarah
l',lizai)etb Brelsford i)efore her marriage. She was
horn on October 2, 1840, the daughter of Charles
and Mary (Ball) Brelsford, and lost her father when
she was a little girl, after which her mother married
for a second time. Grandfather James Ball, both a
farmer and a carpenter, came from Kentucky to
Bloomfield, Green County. Ind., and reared there
his family; and at the same place our subject first
saw- the light of da^ .

In 1854, jMiss Brelsford came to California, ac-
companying the family of the late Judge Rhodes of
San Jose, and two years later she was married to
John S. Selby, a native of Callaway County, Mo.,
where he was born on November 24, 1834. His
parents were William and Julia (Turley) Selby,
natives of Kentucky who were attracted to Missouri
and became some of th,- earliest settlers of the Iron
State. \\'illiam Selby was also a carpenter as well
as a farmer; and so it happened that John learned
the carpenter's trade and also followed" agricultural
industries.

In the sin-ing of 185.), ^vhen John Selby was
eigliteen >'ears old, he set out from home to cross
the continent to California, and having reached Santa
Clara County in the fall of the same year, he then
went to Marin County and worked in the redwoods
district and remained there for a year. Then he came
to San Jose and leased land in the Berryessa district
and then liought and fenced in form himself some
150 acres of land in this district. In 1860 he sold
that farm and moved with his devoted wife to the
Mission Road, in the Orchard School district, about
five miles north of San Jose, where he had acquired
some 100 acres, but he sold part of this and besides
his own land, some fourteen acres, he leased twenty-
six acres. Flight acres he devoted to orchard culture,
and had peach trees, several varieties of pear trees,
cherry trees, apricot trees, besides some English
black walnuts, persimmon, fi,g, plum, and apple trees
and all kinds of berries, showing the fertility of the
soil. Fle devoted the remaining six acres of the land
to pasturage, and in addition to cultivating his fine
farm, engaged in carpentering, often taking contract
work. In 1906, at the ripe old a,ge of eighty-tw-o,
^Ir. Selby passed away, full of honor and rich in
friends. He was a member of the Board of Super-
visors of Santa Clara County, elected in 1892 for one
term of four years, serving there as a broad-minded
Democrat, and for a number of years was the presi-
dent of the Pioneer Society of Santa Clara County.

Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Selby.
Mary became Mrs. William E. Trimble of Los Gatos;
Emma J., now deceased, was Mrs. R. B. Roberts of
San Jose; William H. Selby, living in Naglee Park;
Lizzie Lee married W. E. Coombs and resides at San
Jose. The fifth is George Wray, an oil man of Santa
Barbara County; a child also died in infancy, and Lulu
passed away at the tender age of four. In 1908 Mrs.
Selby sold the ranch and bought a place in Naglee
Park, where she lived until she received her injury,
when she sold out. In 1917 Mrs. Selby had a fall,
in which she broke her right arm, and this has since
been a serious handicap, although she is still re-
markably active for a w'oman of eighty-one. She is
also an earnest, highly-esteemed member of the Pio-
neer Society, and of the ^lethodist Episcopal Church

484

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

South. She resides witli her granddaughter, Mrs.
Waltz, at 132 Balbach Street, San Jose, the center
of a group of very devoted friends.

MRS. MARIA ANTONIA CAREAGA.— The

interest which attaches to the 1)iography of California
pioneers is an expression of gratitude which their
fellow-citizens feel towards those forerunners of
civilization who have done so much to make both
habitable and attractive this glorious section of the
Far West. Not only as a pioneer of the state, but
also as one of the early residents of San Jose and
vicinity, Maria Antonia Careaga enjoys the respect
and esteem of the citizens of Santa Clara County.

Mrs. Careaga's maiden name was Maria A. Bo-
nevantur, a daughter of Monsieur Bernardo Bo-
nevantur, who had come from France and married
.\lbina Boronda, a charming member of one of the
very early pure Castilian families of Monterey. Her
father was a carpenter at San Juan Bautista, and
passed away when our subject was only ten years
old. Her mother reared the family as best she
could, the only one now surviving being the subject
of this sketch. Her maternal grandfather Boronda
was a native Californian, but great-grandfather Bor-
onda came from Spain.

Maria A. Bonevantur received her education in the
San Juan convent, and her marriage to Ramon F.
Careaga was solemnized amid all the festivities char-
acteristic of the social life in a family of such ancient
traditions. After their marriage at the old historical
mission, she accompanied her husband to his ranch
and was his able helpmate and counsellor, encourag-
ing him in his ambitions, and success came to them
above their greatest expectations.

For many generations the Careaga family has been
distinguished in California not only for its participa-
tion in the gradual development of the state, but be-
cause it is one of the important historical links be-
tween Castilian Spain and the flourishing colonics
which her prophetic vision and unbounded energy
planted in the New World. The earliest Careaga
of whom we have record as a direct forebear of this
esteemed family, was a Spanish nobleman born in
medieval Castile and sent to Mexico as a military
man by the King of Spain. A descendant was
Colonel Satornino Careaga, also a soldier, who came
from Mexico to Monterey, California, when he was
but seventeen years old. He was a member of
Captain Muhoz's command, and with all the chivalry
ever characteristic of the Carcagas, he risked his
life and sacrificed his comfort to protect the depend-
ent and exposed San Jose Mission. His son, Ramon
F. Careaga, the husband of our subject, who died on
February 7, 1914, was a handsome, splendidly pre-
served gentleman, who could look back to many stir-
ring events in which he had participated, or of
which his father, in the good old days when the
Spanish Dons gathered their children about them,
had told him as a part of the cherished family tradi-
tion. There were personal anecdotes about (Tovernor
Portola, and the expedition to Monterey; there were
recollections of Pio Pico, Kcheandia, Micheltorena,
Castro, Flores, Juan Eandini, Abel Stearns, and finally
of Fremont and Stockton, with all of whom and
their contemporaries the Carcagas had had much to
do, first in fighting for Spain and then for Mexico,
and ultimately in helping to build up young America
on the Coast.

With a brother, Juan B. Careaga, also born in
Monterey County, and Daniel Harris, Ramon bought
about 18,000 acres of the old ranch belonging to the
De la Gnerras (early Spaniards who. with their wide
territory, figured prominently in the state history);
and later, in the division, Harris took some 7,500
acres, while the Careaga brothers held more than
10,000. In the final subdivision, Ramon received 6,970,
and this property has become the center of the Santa
Maria oil fields. More than that, it was on Ramon
Careaga's historic land that oil was first discovered
in the Santa Maria Valley. One day, while the
Carcagas were walking across their finely situated
acres, one of the parties discovered, here and there,
some outcroppings of asphalt — an intruder on the
surface of the rich soil which would have been most
unwelcome had not the experience of the intelligent
observer reco,gnized in the dark substance the coveted
indications of rich oil deposits. It was not long
before that which was assumed and hoped for to
be true was proven a certainty. On March 14, 1900,
the erection of the great rig for the first well was
begun and they soon struck oil, but the well had to
be abandoned on account of some obstacle. A sim-
ilar experience was met in the attempt to sink well
number 2; but nothing daunted, the riggers and
drillers moved farther up the canyon and soon had,
in well number 3, such a flow of oil that at last the
precious liquid was obtained in paying quantities.
The long waited-for event was duly celebrated by a
big barbecue, for which the hospitable Careagas
furnished four of their choicest beeves, the meat
being partaken of by hundreds of visitors.

.\ftcr her husband's death. Mrs. Careaga moved
to San Jose, where she enjoys a quiet and comfort-
able life. They were the parents of eleven children:
Luis S. is married and resides at Santa Barbara; Ra-
mon A. married Miss Cora Riley and they have two
children. Ramon F. and Alberto J. and reside in
San Jose; he passed away in 1919; John T. mar-
ried Miss .Alberta Roe and they have one child.
Adelbert; Kleanor ]\I. became the wife of John
Carr and the mother of two sons. John F. and
Leland and they reside on the Careaga ranch;
Bernardo F. married Miss Gussic Hawkins and they
have two children, William B. and Eugene F.; he
passed away in 1919; Antonio F. resides on the Care-
a,ga ranch and so does James F., who is a farmer
and stockman; and Charles M. resides on the
northwest oil lease of the Careaga ranch near
Bicknell, and looks after the oil and gas inter-
ests of the estate. He married Miss J. Hawkins
and they have one child, Durward; Rita J. is the wife
of Mr. Hawkins and they reside in San Jose. Evan-
geline is now Mrs. Dana, also on Careaga ranch,
Santa Barbara County. .Angela is Mrs. Suffert and
makes her home in San Jose.

Mrs. Careaga had the comfort and pleasure of
havin.g her mother with her during her last days
and enjoyed ministering to her comforts until she
passed awa\' at the age of seventy-seven. Mrs.
Careaga has always been interested in educational
affairs and during her husband's lifetime gave land
for two school sites on their property. Mrs. Careaga
resides in a comfortable residence on Sierra Avenue.
San Jose, and enjoys dispensing the same old-time
California hospitality that her husband and their
forebears were so noted for.

J4^^2i£^^:£iyuty Xlr^'^/sL^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

485

WALDEN LORDS.— It is inlcrcstiiiK to write
the story of the pioneer who braved the dangers of
frontier life and by enduring privations and hardships
helped to conquer the wilderness, making it habit-
able and bringing comfort and happiness to the com-
ing generations. Such a man was the late Walden
Lords, a native of Ohio, born at Mansfield, August
14. 1825. His father, John Lords, was a New Eng-
lander, born in Maine, who was an early settler and
farmer at Mansfield, Ohio. He married Mrs. Mary
(McLaughlin) Osborne, who had one child by her
first marriage, Nial Osborne, who, when he grew to
manhood, was filled with the desire for adventure, and
in 1843 he crossed the plains and mountains by the
old Oregon Trail to the Williamette Valley, Ore.,
where he remained a couple of winters, then coming
to California he was one of those sent in an expedi-
tion to the relief of the Donner party in 1846. He
made a trip east and returned, and a second time
when he came out in 1849 he was accompanied by
our subject and his brother, Ira. Nial Osborne later
returned to Iowa where he spent his last daj's.

To the union of John Lords and Mrs. Osborne
were born six children, of whom Walden was fourth
in order of birth. He was reared on the Eastern
farm, where from a boy he was kept bus5', assisting
in the farm work as was the custom of farmer boys
in those days. He crossed the plains with his half-
brother, Nial Osborne and on arriving in California
he followed mining at Placerville and later in the
region of lone, but it did not yield the profits he had
expected, so he settled down to farming, purchasing
land near Gait, Sacramento County, where in time
he came to own 400 acres which he devoted to grain
and stock raising. Here he also married, being
united with Mrs. Mary (Slattery) Huston, who w'as
born in Ireland and came to New York City when a
girl of sixteen years, and there her first marriage oc-
curred to William Huston. Soon afterwards the
young couple came via Panama to San Francisco
and thence to' Sacramento. Mr. Huston followed
mining until his death.

In 1872 Walden Lords rented his ranch and came
to Santa Clara County, where he purchased a farm
at Alviso, where he began his career as an horti-
culturist, in W'hich he became so singularly successful.
He engaged in raising berries and also set out an
orchard of Bartlctt pears, and in time came to have
an orchard of 80 acres, principally Bartlett pears,
which yielded him a large return. He was bereaved
of his faithful wife in 1903, after which he spent
most of his time in San Jose at the home of his
daughter, Mrs. Jennings, and there occurred his
death on November 3, 1909, an honored member of
the Santa Clara Valley Pioneers, who buried him with
honors. Mrs. Lords by her first marriage had one
child. Delia Huston, who became the wife of Oscar
Emmcrson of San Jose, while Mr. and Mrs. Lords
had three children: Ella is Mrs. Jennings of San Jose;
John M. Lords resides on the old home ranch which
he superintends; Walden died when twenty-two
years old. It is a pleasure to note that since the
death of Walden Lords his ranch has been kept in-
tact in the family, who have taken the best of care of
it and treasure the orchard improved by their pioneer
parents, whose memory they cherish and revere.

W. W. & ELLA LORDS JENNINGS.— Promi-
nent and popular among the most interesting of pro-
gressive and useful citizens in Santa Clara County,
W. VV. Jennings and Iiis gifted wife, Ella Lords
Jennings, of 371 Soutli Tliirtecnth Street, San Jose,
exert a wide and helpful infiuence in favor of better
conditions in California wdiicli is helpful and prom-
ising to others as well as to themselves. Mr. Jen-
nings was born in the Empire State, the son of
Charles W. and Emma (Ward) Jennings, both na-
tives of Leicestershire, lingland, who came to Seneca
Falls. N. Y., where the lad first saw the light of day,
and he migrated to California soon after the great
realty boom in 1888. He was an employe of the
Southern Pacific Railroad Company, on the Coast
Division route, and later embarked in the grocery
business, and he followed that trade for many years
at the corner of Santa Clara and Teresa streets in
San Jose. In 1920 he sold out and took a position
in the employ of Black's Package Company of San
Jose, with which concern he has been ever since.

.\t Alviso, on October 16, 1890, Mr. Jennings was
married to Miss Ella Lords, the daughter of Walden
Lords, a frontier pioneer, ^vho is also represented on
this page. Ella Lords attended the Alviso school,
and having decided to follow a pedagogical career,
attended the San Jose State Normal School. Having
graduated, she taught school at Monterey, in the
old Capitol Building, and then, when she was be-
ginning to be of valuable service to society as a
trainer of the young, she concluded to marry and
establish her own family. Her union with Mr. Jen-
nings was a fortunate one, and this is especially true
on account of the cooperation she has afforded her
husband, with her exceptional ability, in all of his
enterprises. To their union have been born one son
and one daughter, — Walden A. Jennings, a mechanic
doing expert service on Alarc Island for the United
States Government, and Emma E., a talented, es-
teemed school teacher, a graduate of the State Nor-
mal at San Jose, who lives at home.

W. W. Jennings is clerk of the San Jose Camp of
the Modern Woodmen of .\merica. and he has also
passed through all the chairs of the Maccabees at
San Jose, and is an active member of the Woodmen
of the World of San Jose, besides being a member
of the Royal Neighbors in the same city. Both Mr.
and Mrs. Jennings are Democrats, although the best
of nonpartisan "boosters" of their home district; and
Mrs. Jennings is a member of the Vendome Parlor
of the Native Daughters of the Golden West, and is
recorder of the local lodge of Royal Neighbors as
well as recorder of the State Camp of that order.

JOSEPH M. STILLWELL.— A true pioneer of
Santa Clara County. Joseph M. Stillwell, is well
known and highly esteemed by the residents of
San Jose, having here spent his entire life,
covering a period of sixty-six years, for he
was born in this city, on the Bcrryessa Road.
August 6. 1S5S. the third son of Joseph C. and
Plina A. (Young) Stillwell. The father was a na-
tive of Kentucky and in times of peace followed
farming and stockraising, but he defended the in-
terests of the LTnited States in the war against
Mexico in 1846. He came to California that year,
joined Fremont at Sacramento and rose to the rank
of Lieutenant and after his services were no longer
needed he settled down to ranching. He returned

486

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

East for a visit and then came across the plains
with the Samnel Yonng party. He later married
Mr. Young's daughter and both he and his wife
passed away in San Jose.

Reared upon a ranch, T. M. Stillwell attended
the public schools of Santa Clara County and on
entering business life took up the painter's trade,
remaining in the employ of J. P. Jarman of San
Jose until 1891, He has since had charge of the
Lowell School of this city as janitor and is most
capably discharging his duties in that connection,
proving faithful, efficient and reliable.

Mr. Stillwell was united in marriage in 1876 to
Miss Josephine Zingg, who was nine years of age
when she made the journey across the plains from
St. Louis, y[o., to California. Four children have
been born of this union. Joseph C, who for the
past eleven years has been custodian of the State
Normal School at San Jose, is married and has
one child, Loraine. Viola, a graduate of the Nor-
mal, is now the wife of Thomas T. Dougherty
and a resident of San Jose; Maude, who completed
a course in the State Normal School, is the wife
of T. F. Sourisseau. by whom she has one child.
Thomas, and they reside at Campbell, Santa Clara
County. William, also a graduate of the State
Normal, is a teacher in the public schools of San
Jose. He is married and has one child, Barbara.
The family reside at No. 452 South Ninth Street,
which has been their home for twenty-five years.
Mr. Stillwell is identified ^\■ith the Independent Or-
der of Foresters. He has been an interested wit-
ness of the growth and developinent of San Jose
and has been an active factor in its progress. Wher-
ever known he is held in hi.gh regard, and most
of all where he is best known.

F. E. CORNELL. — No more interesting pioneer
than F. E. Cornell can be found in all Santa Clara
County, and certainly no citizen of Sunnyvale is more
worthy of honor within the bounds of that rising
municipality, for he had much to do with the very
beginning of things here, and a great deal to do with
blessing the towm with a name which is truly descrip-
tive of this beautiful and withall historic spot, which
has recently taken in new life, by attracting a large
number of ener.getic and well-to-do settlers, many of
thein having brought large means with them from
their former homes in the middle west, as well as
several very substantial manufacturing concerns whose
varied products being added to the luxuriance of its
fields and orchards have made this place known far
and wide. A Avorthy representative of colonial Hol-
land-American stock, Mr. Cornell was born at Byron,
Fond du Lac County, \\'is.. on August 4, 1861, the son
of James and Emalinc (Warner) Cornell. He grew up
on a Wisconsin farm, attended the countrj- schools,
and when he was ready for the undeveloped Pacific
Coast, the Coast was waiting for him. His father,
James Cornell, lured by the .great gold discovery
had come out to California from Wisconsin across
the plains in 1849, but after two years returned to
\Visconsin, married and scttlcil down to farm life.
No wonder young Cornell's heart was in California,
so he came to San Jose in 1889. Determined to suc-
ceed, he lost no time but took the first job offered
him and engaged in the shops of the San Jose Street
Railway Company for t\vo years. Thereafter, for
five years, he was employed in the ladies' furnishing
establishment of Orvis and Cornell at San Jose. He

came out to Murphy's Station (now Sunnyvale) in

1897. and quickly perceived a promising future in the
simple environment greeting him, he started a general
merchandise business here in October, 1897. The
Southern Pacific Railroad Company had retained the
name of Murphy's Station, so called from the fact
that this was the home of Martin Murphy, Jr., who
had built one of the first really good residences in
California at this place, in the very early days, from
plans and specifications and lumber already cut in
the East and shipped around the Horn, all ready to
be put up in California. This house is still standing
and is still in excellent shape, and is the commodious
summer residence of Mrs. Mary Carroll, a daughter
of its builder. Martin Murphy, Sr., and family and
Martin Murphy, Jr., and family were the first two
white families from east of the Rocky Mountains
to settle permanently in California, making their
settlement within the confines of what is now Santa
Clara County in 1846. Before the advent of the rail-
road, all the lands upon which Sunnyvale now stands
was a part of the broad and fertile acres of the
Murphy Ranch, originally owned by Martin Murphy,
Jr. As the settlers grew in numbers they renamed the
place Encinal on account of the many beautiful live
oak trees wdiich flourished at this place.

Mr. Cornell was appointed its first postnraster in

1898, the name of the post office being Encinal, while
the name of the railway station was Murphy's Sta-
tion. The name Encinal might have proven satis-
factory enough and might have been adopted by the
Southern Pacific had it not been that the company
had already given that name to another station on
their line. This situation led to a request to Mr.
Cornell and other early settlers to suggest a new
name. Together with Horace E. Smeld, Mr. Cor-
nell submitted three other naines but they were all
rejected for various reasons.

A happy thou.ght occurred to the postmaster and
fellow-townsmen — Sunnyvale — and no sooner had they
become convinced that such a name would best
describe the locality, than ?\Ir. Cornell in his official
capacity, proposed the name for the town. The
authorities of the government, as well as of the rail-
road company, hastened to accept it, and it has cer-
tainly proved a happy designation. Mr. Cornell con-
tinued to be postmaster, and served from March 18,
1898 to April, 1915. Always sincerely interested in
the welfare of the place, he is now serving on its
Board of City Trustees, filling the vacancy caused
by the resignation of Karl S. Hazeltine.

He is the efficient and popular teller of the Sunny-
vale branch of the Bank of Italy, and is also the
keeper of the records and seals in Sunnyvale Lodge,
K. P. In whatever field he is active, he has the es-
teem and confidence of everybody.

In April. 1897, Mr. Cornell was married to Miss
Gertrude Payne, and their union has been blessed
with three children, Mildred, Elton, and James, the
two eldest being students at Stanford University.
Mrs. Cornell shares with her husband the distinction
of ijein,g a leading citizen at Sunnyvale, and at present
is serving as one of the five trustees of the Sunny-
vale Free Public Library. Mr. and Mrs. Cornell
reside m an attractive home on Murphy Avenue, and
all who know of their historic association with the
town feel a pride in their prescnece as high-minded
citizens and warm-hearted neighbors and friends.

r-yrmj

HISTORY OF SANTA Cr.ARA COUNTY

489

IRWIN MILES WILCOX— For many years rcp-
rosontatives of tlicAVilcox family have resided in
San Jose, bearing an aetive and helpful part in the
work of general improvement and progress in this
seetion, and Irwin Miles W'ileox is actuated by
the same spirit of enterprise and initiative which dom-
inated his father. As head of the San Jose Broom
Factory he is controlling one of the important man-
ufacturing enterprises of the city, and he formerly had
large dairy interests, displaying marked executive
ability in the management of his affairs. A native of
San Jose, he was born September 13, 1875, his par-
ents being Miles W. and Adeline (Hopkins) Wil-
cox. Both arrived in California in 1863, the mother
crossing the plains in an ox-team train, and the
father coming by way of the Isthmus of Panama.
The young people met at Alarysville and were mar-
ried about 1866. Mr. Wilcox was engaged in manu-
facturing brooms at jMarysvillc, and later when they
moved to San Jose he established the first broom
factory here, building up a large business on Bush
Street. He also established a glove factory and for
many years conducted a successful business in this
line, and in his passing away on July 27, 1911, San
Jose lost one of her most public-spirited citizens.
His widow survives him, and lives in San Jose.
Their only child, Irwin Miles, acquired his educa-
tion at the San Jose public schools and the Garden
City Business College, and following his father's
death, took over the management of the broom fac-
tory. With keen insight into business affairs, he has
been able to formulate plans which have resulted in
the continued growth of the business, manufacturing
brooms for the Keystone Company of San Jose,
Hedges, Buck & Company of Stockton, and other
local trade. Mr. Wilcox was associated with his
mother in the dairy business for many years. They
had two ranches, one at Milpitas and the other at
Santa Clara, devoted to alfalfa and dairying, and
owned some fine pure-bred Jersey stock. From Mil-
pitas they shipped their milk wholesale to San Fran-
cisco, while the California Dairy, on the Santa Clara
ranch, had one of the largest retail trades in San Jose.
On the death of his father they sold the dairy busi-
ness, in order to give more time to the manufacture
of brooms. They still own the ranch at Santa Clara,
renting it out to others. Mr. Wilcox also has valu-
able real estate interests in San Jose, havmg firm
faith in the future of this part of the state.

^Ir. Wilcox was united in marriage in San Jose
to iliss Nellie Wilson, a native of Pescadero, Cal.,
and they have become the parents of two children,
Wilbur and Muriel. His political allegiance is given
to the Republican party and he is deeply interested
in everything that pertains to the welfare and progress
of Santa Clara County. Fraternally he is connected
with the Garden City Lodge of Odd Fellows and he
finds recreation in hunting and fishing. While it is
true that he came into a business already established,
he has demonstrated in its control that he has the
same executive power and keen discrimination be-
tween the essential and the non-essential which char-
acterized his father and placed him at the head of
extensive and important business interests. That he
is a man of strict integrity and moral worth is in-
dicated by the high esteem in which he is held by
those among whom his entire life has beea passed.

E. T. PETTIT.— A pioneer horticulturist who,
stimulated by high principles and guided by clear
thinking and sound judgement, has certainly suc-
ceeded, is \i. T. Pettit, and by all who know him
he is rated as an aggressively progressive man who
has contributed something definite to the development
of California husbandry. Mr. Pettit was born near
Flwood City, Lawrence County, Pa., November 8,
1846, the son of Nathaniel Pettit, also born in Penn-
sylvania, and a farmer there. Mr. Pettit's grand-
father, \vho was of French descent, was one of the
pioneers of Beaver County, Pa., coming from Vir-
ginia, and the family is able to look back with pride
to a long line of Virginian ancestry. His mother was
Barbara Grieb, a native of Philadelphia, of German
parents, and she died in Lawrence County. Of their
eleven children, E. T. was fourth oldest.

When he started in life for himself he chose the
profession of the teacher. After completing the
public schools he attended the State Normal School
at Fdinboro, Pa., and after leaching a few terms in
his native state he ^vent to Missouri and there entered
the State Normal School at Kirksville. He spent
the three years following his graduation in 1873 in
teaching in Missouri and then came to San Jose, Cal.,
in 1876, and here took a senior course in the San
Jose State Normal, at which institution he graduated
in 1878. During the years of 1880 and 1881 he was
principal of the schools of Sonora, Tuolumne County,
after which he held a similar position in different
places in California until as principal of schools at
W'illows, Glenn County for two years. He retired
from educational work in 1885 to devote all of his
time to horticulture. As early as 1881 he purchased
his present place of twenty-two acres on Douglas
Road and began setting out orchard, improving it
from a stubblefield to an excellent state of production
and of delicious fruit. He set out ten acres to apri-
cots and prunes, and the remainder of the acreage
was set out during the next few seasons to prunes
and peaches and cherries. The results which Mr.
Pettit obtains from his horticultural interests clearly
show the excellent care which he bestows upon them.
In 1887 five acres of apricots yielded thirty-five tons
of fruit which sold for $1,000. This same year, Mr.
Pettit, in partnership with his sister, purchased land
adjoining the town of Colusa, in Colusa County and
in 1888 planted it to apricots and peaches, later selling
it to advantage. In 1919 Mr. Pettit had a yield of
fort}--si-x tons of apricots on four and a half acres
and sold them for $5,300, showing how values have
risen during this period.

In politics, \[\'. Pettit is a thorough Republican.
He is a man of sterling integrity, possessed of the
influence which every man of education and refine-
men. when combined with uprightness of character,
exerts for good in the community in which he makes
his home. The qualities of thoroughness and faith-
fulness in the performance of every duty, which
made him a most successful teacher, has made him
a success as a horticulturist. Mr. Pettit was an
early member of the San Jose Grange No. 10, hold-
ing the position of secretary of that organization in
1887 and afterwards as master for several terms, and
for four j'ears \vas master of the State Grange. Thus
for thirty years he has attended the annual meeting
of the State Grange, in which he is welcome because
of his years of experience as well as his fluency as a

490

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

speaker. He was one of the organizers and directors
and later served as secretary of the West Side Fruit
Growers' Association, a cooperative drying and pack-
ing concern, and is the only one of the original direc-
tors still serving. He is also a member of California
Prune and Apricot Association.

GARRETT J. BYRNE.— A varied and interesting
career was that of the late Garrett J. Byrne, one of
the best known of the Irish pioneers in California,
who was one of the earliest dry goods merchants in
the state, his progressive spirit and capability bring-
ing him unqualified success in his business ventures.
Mr. Byrne was born on November 20, 1827, on the
sunny slopes of Tellabyrne, near the noted St. John's
well, six miles from Kilkenny, Ireland. The eldest of
a family of nine brothers and four sisters, he finished
his schooling at the age of sixteen to go to work on
the farm. At nineteen he started to learn the dry
goods business — four years of apprenticeship and no
pay. His father had to pay for his clothes all dur-
ing that time and twenty-five pounds besides. When
his time was up, he could not get any employment
near his home, so went up to Dublin but met with the
same result, as those were hard times in Ireland.
Starting for Liverpool on the Trafalgar, he took
passage on the sailing vessel, Grace McRae — no
steamers on the Atlantic at that time — and after a
perilous voyage he landed at New York, where he
secured a position with Abraham Gunst at 295 Bow-
ery, the father of Moses Gunst, the cigar man.

Mr. Byrne remained in New York until October
19. 1852, when he sailed for San Francisco on the
Star of the West, stopping at Jamaica and arriving
at Aspinwall in due time. They poled across the
Chagres River in a flat boat to Gorgona, walked
across the Isthmus eighteen miles to Panama, and
after ten days took passage on the Cortes, which was
making the trip up the coast. He arrived at San
Francisco, and as he said in an accoimt of his active
life published in the Leader in 1910.

"When I arrived in California, the onlj- capi-
tal I had was youth, energy and perseverance, and
I needed them badly. My first job in the city was to
roll a lot of barrels on Sansome Street from the side-
walk to the cellar, for which I received $2.50 for
two hours' work. The firm I worked for was Rising,
Casella & Company, and I will never forget my first
job in San Francisco. After a few days I got a posi-
tion with Thos. Masterson on Clay Street at $200 a
month and a percentage on my sales. I had $1,000 in
a short time, w-hich I loaned at three per cent a
month — thirty-six per cent a year — so I made money
fast. Those were great old times. The bay was up
to Montgomery and Jackson streets then; the old
ship Niantic was high and dry at Sansoine and Clay
streets and was used as a rooming house. I remained
with Masterson for a few years, until I started in
business at Marysville, December 1, 1855. Mine was,
I might say, the first regular dry goods store there.
I attended the first Christian midnight mass,
December 25, 1854, at St. Hilary's Cathedral, San
I'Vancisco, and five weeks from that time mine was
the first marriage that look place there, February 1,
1855. The Rev. Hugh Gallagher welded the golden
chains that were broken by my wife's death Septem-
ber 26, 1900. February 1, 1855, was the happiest day
of my life and will ever find a warm corner in this
old Irish heart of mine."

Mrs. Byrne before her marriage was Miss Annie
McCloud; she was born at Sidney, Cape Breton, Nova
Scotia, the daughter of Donald McCloud, also born
there and descended from an old and prominent
family. He was a successful farmer and owned a
beautiful place which was enhanced by fine natural
lakes. On her maternal side Annie McCloud was a
McGilvery and her grandfather was a Sutherland, of
the famed house of Sutherland. With her sister Kate,
who later became Mrs. J. H. Tobin, she came to San
Francisco in 1852 with Captain and Mrs. Urey, mak-
ing the trip across the Isthmus of Panama on mule
back. She supported herself and her sister by sewing,
and sent her sister to the copvent of the Sisters of
Charity, then located on the present site of the Palace
Hotel, and later Kate McCloud attended the public
schools in San Francisco. While trading at Master-
son's store in San Francisco, Annie McCloud met
Mr. Byrne, and the admiration of the young people
being mutual, the acquaintance later resulted in their
marriage.

Mr. and Mrs. Byrne w-ere the parents of a large
family — eleven children: Bessie died while attending
Notre Dame in March, 1868, the first death at that
institution; Margaret died in infancy; Garry died in
1882; Robert died in San Francisco sixteen years ago,
Martin died in 1898 at Glenbrook Farm; Allen resides
at Sunnyvale; Charles lives at San Mateo; Joseph died
in infanc.v; James died in 1918; Elizabeth, the wife of
J. A. McDonald, and Kathryn M. and these two
daughters jointly own and make their home at Glen-
brook Farm. In 1873 Mrs. Byrne made a trip to
Ireland with the children, then eight in number, and
they spent two and a half years there, when they re-
turned to San Francisco. She was a noble woman
and devoted her time to the rearing of her family and
in a careful oversight of their education. The boys
attended Sacred Heart and St. Mary's academies,
while the dau.ghters were educated in the Dominican
and Notre Dame convents at San Francisco and the
Notre Dame Academy at Santa Clara. Mrs. Byrne
was prominent and active in the social life of San
Francisco, being a brilliant and accomplished woman;
she and her sister, Mrs. Tobin, were both very popu-
lar and were considered two of the luost beautiful
\\omen m the Ba>' cit}'.

After conducting his business in Marysville until
1858, Mr. Byrne returned to San Francisco, establish-
ing himself on Clay Street, where he remained until
the Lick House \\-as opened in December, 1862. He
then went into partnership with Robert Kirby, who
had married Mrs. B^-rne's sister, Margaret McCloud,
and the Kirby-Byrne Company opened their estal)-
lishment at 7 Montgomery- Street. Mr. Byrne was
extremely successful in his business and made what
was then considered a fortune in fifteen years, but
like many Californians, lost much of it in mining ven-
tures. After retiring from business he was for some
>ears a deputy in the count>- assessor's office in San
Francisco.

In 1879 Mr. and Mrs. B.\-rnc purchased the ranch
on .Stevens Creek, Santa Clara County, named by Mrs.
P>\-rne, Glenbrook b'arm. from a beautiful place she
bad known in Ireland, and here the fanuly made their
home, developing it into an attractive estate. After
bis wife's death, Mr. Byrne made a trip in 1903 to
Australia, New Zealand and Tasmania, and two years
hater he crossed the Atlantic to visit his old home in
Ireland, after an absence of fifty-four years. The

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HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUN'IA;

495

remainder of his years were spent in eeinifortable re-
tirement at Glenhrook l'"arm, where he passed away
on January 14, 1917, highly esteemed by all who kuL-w
him, his death elosing a career of unnsiial activity and
accomplishment.

JAMES A. McDonald.— Conimg to California
thirty-three years ago, James A. McDonald is num-
bered among the successful orchardists of Santa
Clara County, and he can look back on a life filled
with varied and interesting experiences, from his
boyhood days in the Maritime I-'rovinces, to the time
spent in balmy, tropical Honolulu, and then by way
of severe contrast, three years spent in the frozen
North, in the first gold rush to Alaska. His birth-
place was Cape Breton, Canada, and he traces his
ancestry back to the McDonalds and Macdonalds
of Inverness and Glencoe, Scotland. Augustine and
Mary (Giles) McDonald were his parents, the father
born on Prince Edward Isle. Grandfather Angus
McDonald and Great-grandfather Ronald McDonald
came from Morarshire, Scotland, and settled on
Prince Edward Island, and this was the family home
for many years. There Augustine McDonald fol-
lowed his trade as a builder, until his marriage, when
he made his home on Cape Breton Island until his
death at the age of ninety-two. Mrs. Mary Giles
McDonald's grandfather came from " Scotland to
Prince Edward Island, and here her father, Donald
(riles, was born. When a young man he came with
his wife and child in an open boat to Cape Breton
while it was yet a wilderness, and was one of the
first settlers there, taking up land and improving it
and becoming well-to-do. He built tw'O vessels, one
for each son, and for years they were engaged in
trading along the Atlantic Coast. Mrs. McDonald
passed away at the age of seventy-seven, the mother
of thirteen children, seven of whom are living.

The fifth oldest of the family and the only one in
California, James A. McDonald attended the schools
of his home neighborhood until he was twelve
years old, and shortly after he entered a dry goods
store in Sidney as a clerk, continuing in that line of
work until 1888, when he came to San Francisco.
Wishing to get into the great outdoors, he followed
ranching at San Rafael for five years and engaged
in the same line at Hopland, Mendocino County. He
next served as a deputy under Sheriff McDade at
San Francisco, then went to Honolulu, where for
three years he imported horses from California, sell-
ing them in the Hawaiian Islands. At the time of
the first gold rush to Alaska, in 1898, Mr. McDonald
made his way to St. i\Iichael and then up the Yukon
to Dawson; 'it took from July, 1898, to June, 1899,
to make the trip, as the party was frozen in en
route. He was at Fairbanks when there was only
one old prospector there, and they had to walk
across from Rampart City. At Dawson the Canadian
Government was building a telegraph line to White-
horse, and he entered their employ, working on the
boat handling the wire, and helping install the first
telegraph instruments at the station at Dawson.
After the line was completed he was mate on the
steamer taking people to Whitehorse, and on the way
down the river they lost the boat. All on board
escaped watery graves, Mr. McDonald coming ashore
bareheaded, and they walked 250 miles to Dawson,
camping out nights. He continued to prospect, but
after putting in three years there he returned to San
Francisco in 1901, via Cape Nome.

.\t old St. Mary's Cathedral, San Francisco, on
.■\pril 30, 1904, Mr. McDonald was married to Miss
Elizabeth Byrne, the daughter of Garrett J. and
-^nnie (MeCloud) Byrne, pioneers of San Francisco,
who are represented on another page of this history.
Airs. McDonald was born at San F"rancisco and edu-
cated at the Dominican Convent there; she is a cul-
tured woman of much capability and the union has
proven a very happy one. After their marriage Mr.
and Mrs. McDonald took up their residence on Glen-
brook Farm, the Byrne homestead since 1879, and
since then Mr. McDonald has devoted his time to
horticulture, having reset and improved the ranch
until sixty acres are now in full bearing orchard of
prunes and apricots. It is beautifully located on
Stevens Creek and is one of the show places of the
eoimtry. Mr. McDonald is also roadmaster in the
Fifth supervisorial district, having filled this office
since 1905, very creditably to himself and the pub-
lic, as the roads in that district well testify to his
ability in that line. He is a member of the San Jose
Council, K. of C, and is greatly interested in the
improvement of the Santa Clara Valley, this wonder-
fully favored section of the globe.

DR. J. IRVING BEATTIE.— Prominent and suc-
cessful from the very beginning of his practice as a
physician and surgeon. Dr. J. Irving Beattie has be-
come pre-eminent among the leading medical men of
Santa Clara County and is today rightly regarded
as one of the first citizens of Santa Clara, in which
city he has his residence and office at 1075 Benton
Street. He was born in the province of Ontario.
Canada, on June 1, 1883, and eame to California as
a young man of seventeen. When properly prepared
for special work, he entered the Cooper Medical
College at San Francisco, from which he was gradu-
ated with honors in 1905; and then he traveled in
Ivurope and for a year worked in the London Hos-
pital. On his return to America, he spent a year at
the French Hospital at San Francisco.

In 1907 he located at Santa Clara, and on the first
of the year opened an office as the third doctor at
the corner of Main and Benton Streets, which for
decades has been the Mecca for thousands of suffer-
ers, succeeding to the office of his uncle. Dr. D. \.
Beattie, now located in San Jose, \vho in turn suc-
ceeded Dr. Saxe, an early and noted practitioner at
Santa Clara. Dr. Beattie's success may be in part
estimated from the constant attendance of patients
during the afternoon hours when he is available for
office consultation. The mornings are devoted to
surgical operations at the hospital, and to visiting
those in distress at their own homes.

On January 12, 1907, Dr. Beattie was married to
Miss Hilda Mayer, a native of San Francisco and the
daughter of Charles Alayer, Jr., of the Bay metrop-
olis. She is a graduate of the LIniversity of Cali-
fornia, having finished her studies with the class of
1906; and she has been of inestimable service to her
husband in his constantly increasing practice. Two
children have blessed this union, Hermione and
Yvonne. As public-spirited as he is genial. Dr.
Beattie joined the ranks of the Americans in the
World War and in 1918 went to Fort Riley, where
he served as lieutenant until three months after the
signing of the armistice.

496

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

WILLIAM SIMPSON, M. D.— Highly esteemed
as a successful pliysician and surgeon, , with a long
and enviable record of faithful, efficient service in
the cause of humanity, Dr. William Simpson of
San Jose enjoys a unique position in local society
as one of tlie most interesting of old-tiine residents.
He was born in the province of Quebec, Canada,
on March 21, 1846, the son of George F. and Har-
riet (Towns) Simpson, who crossed the line into
tlie States when our subject was three years of age
and settled for a while near Fort Edward, N. Y.
Tliere Mr. Simpson died, and later his devoted
widow came to Cahfornia and remained with her
son until her death, in her eighty-eighth year.

William went to the district schools in New York,
and later topped off his education by pursuing
courses at the Fort Edward Collegiate Institute;
and then he taught school for a number of years.
He was the last principal at the famous Farmers
Hall Academy — wdiose first principal, by the way,
was Noah Webster — and during Mr. Simpson's
service this academy was incorporated into the New
York state public school system and became the
academic department of the Goshen schools. He
then took charge of the I'nion Free School at
Chester, N. Y., for six years, and after that studied
medicine at the Long Island College Hospital,
Brooklyn's well-known medical school, from wdiich
he was graduated in 1878. He was resident physi-
cian at the Brooklj-n Children's Seaside Home at
Coney Island, being the first physician \\-ho had
ever spent a season there. After that he was for
three years at Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

In 1881 he came to California and located at
San Jose; and since then he has carried on the long-
est term of practice of any physician near here,
not one of his colleagues who were here when he
came being alive today. Before eomnig to Cali-
fornia, Dr Simpson took a special course of study
in Xew ^'ork City in relation to the eye, ear and
throat, in which he srtecializes. He is now county
health ofticer, and he has the distinction of having
been the first health officer of ,San Jose, being ap-
pointed in 1889. Fle it was who began the making
and preservation of the records of vital statistics,
which had not been kept before he took charge.

Dr. Simpson was married on April 12, 1892, at
San Jose, to Miss Rose E. Denne, and they have
bad one dau.ghter, ilrs. Helen Simpson Cole. The
family are members of Trinity Episcopal Church.
Dr. Simpson has been a ilason since February 26,
1872, havin.g been made a ilason in Standard Lodge
No. 711, A. F. and A. M., at Chester (now Mon-
roe), N. Y., and he served two terms as master
and was a dcle.gate to the (jrand Lodge at New-
York, June 2, 1875, at the dedication of the temple
there; he now belongs to vSan Jose Lodge No. 10,
F. and A. M., and to San Jose Chapter, R. A. AI.
He also i"; a member of San Jose Lodge No. 522.
B. P. O. Elks, in which society be was exalted ruler
d.uring 1906, and attended the national annual con-
vention at F'hiladclphia the following year. He be-
longs to the Santa Clara Medical .Society, havin,g
served as president, is a member of the California
State Medical Society and has been vice-president
of same, and is a member of the American Public
Health Association; also the California State Plealth
(Jfficers' Association, serving as vice-president in

1922-23. Dr. Simpson was the first surgeon of the
Fifth Regiment, N. G. C, and was retired with rank
of major, though he served during the railroad
strike and after the fire and earthquake in 1906, and
was a memljer of the V'olunteer Medical Service
during the World War.

JAMES MATTHEW FELLOM. — Prominent
among tlie native Californians who have attained
distinction as writers of stirring American fiction
may well be mentioned James Matthew Fellom,
whose latest work, a story entitled "Celestial Chattel,"
has just been secured for publication in the Pictorial
Review. He was born on February 7, 1880, on a
ranch near Old Gilroy, in Santa Clara County, the
son of Sinfriano and Anna Maria (Fellom) Fellom,
the former of whom was born near Gilroy, while
his mother was born in New York City, and the
record of his ancestry is itself romance. His grand-
father, Matthew Fellom, a sturdj' Norseman, hailed
from Elsinore, Denmark, and made many daring
V03'ages in a Danish whaling vessel on the seven
seas; and as early as 1833, after a hazardous trip
around the Horn, left his ship while it lay at anchor
at Bode.ga Bay. The pioneer, John Gilroy, had
preceded him to this port two years before, and
(jrandfather Fellom, it is said, was the second white
man, Ironr Northern Continental Europe, to reach
the Santa Clara Vallej*. Subsequently he married
a beautiful senorita and hiinself became a don and
later served as alcalde. Sinfriano Fellom was a
graduate of the Lhiiversity of Santa Clara and was
a mine operator in Lower California for many years,
and was a prominent official of the Mexican gov-
ernment, being secretarj- to Governor Luis Torres
and was territorial postmaster at Ensenada; later
on he located at San Francisco and made a second
trip during a big mining boom to Sierra Pintada,
from \\hich point he anticipated penetrating the
Lower California desert, perishing hi the attempt.

Life on the rancho of 2,000 acres, which Matthew
Fellom later owned, was a continuation of the wed-
ding feast, and many gaieties were enjoyed by all the
neighbors in the vicinity of the old town of Gilroy;
and it is not surprising that Jilatthew became the
first :ilcalde at San Juan Bautista under the Amer-
ican regime. He had a younger brother named
Caius Julius Fellom, who had left Denmark after
Matthew; and it was when the latter made a sec-
ond trip from New York to California in the early
fifties that the two brothers met at Gdroy for the
first time, Caius having been born after Matthew-
left Denmark. A New Yorker had been out to the
Santa Clara Valley and w-hile here had learned of,
or n-iet, a Fellom at (niroy; and having reported this
fact to Caius Julius Fellom on his return to the
East, the meeting w-as eventually brought about. On
the trip from San Francisco down the Peninsula,
Caius J. Fellom came on foot, and he could relate
much to his friends of the richness of the valley.
The giant mustard grew to such height that a man
on horseback w-ould never be able to see beyond
and around him.

Caius Julius Fellom remained in the Santa Clara
\'alley and located near Oak Hill, near the site of
the ()ak Hill cemetery of toda_\-; and six months
later he sent for his wife and children who came
out to California in 1860, via the Panama Isthmus,
and then for a time thev all lived in a house on

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA C(3UNTV

499

Dt'vinc Street, Sail Jose. Mattliew Fcllom, on the
otlior hand, snrronnclod by (.■vt-ry comfort that rc-
sonrcos and wealth could briny to the early Dons,
lived only to middle age.

Mr. and Mrs. Sinfriano Fcllom were first cousins,
and James Fcllom, our subject, is the eldest child
in a family of live children; Landon is a miner and
publisher at San Francisco; Roy, a magazine pub-
lisher and a member of assembly of the State Le.gis-
lature from San Francisco, and there was a brother
and a sister who died young. Mrs. Sinfriano Fcllom
was a graduate of Notre Dame convent and was
talented in music and literature. She now makes
her home in San Francisco. When James was
eight months old his parents removed from Gilroy
to San Jose, and while the children were growing
up, the father arranged for their education in the
best schools. At the age of fourteen, James grad-
uated from the Franklin school, and then he spent a
term at St. Joseph's College in San Jose, where he
studied Latin and Greek and the English classics
under Father John Walsh, to whose scholarship,
personality and association he has always been in-
debted. He also received private training in lit-
erar\- studies and in elocution, and after attending
St. Ignatius College in San Francisco for a term,
he set out for Mexico at the age of eighteen. His
father had already entered into mining", and he went
there with him on a mining expedition. They were
at Camp Alamo, in Lower California, for a year
and a half; but their efforts were crowned wdth
failure, and their return was made with an Indian
guide and a pack-mule, — 150 miles of "hike" amid
memorable and fascinating scener3r,

Yuma, Ariz., was the destination, on a route pass-
ing the Imperial A'alley, then waste and arid in its
entire extent; and for a short time they tarried at
Gold Rock, the first ail-American mine our author
had ever seen, a joy to behold. Removing to Tucson,
the family arrived from San Jose and joined them;
and a new home was established; but James Fellom
soon became dissatisfied, for he was not by nature a
miner. He, therefore, returned North to San Fran-
cisco in 1899, where he sought employment; and he
soon identified himself with the Pinkerton Detec-
tive Agency. He was sent north to the mines in
Coeur D'Alene, Idaho, at the time of the labor up-
risings; and after having accomplished some re-
markable detective work there, he barely escaped
with his own life at the hands of the strikers.

The story of the life of our subject for the next
fifteen years is more or less the record of the history
of the San Francisco earthquake, and the story of
life in the mining camps of Inyo, Tuolumne, Teha-
ma, Siskiyou, Stanislaus, Kern and Los Angeles
counties. In San Francisco, during 1902, 1903, 1904,
and 1905 he made his livelihood by various occupa-
tions, and late in April, 1906, while the bay mctropo-
lic lay smouldering in ashes, he set out to Goldfield
and Tonopah, Ncv., to win enough fortune to make
up the amount which the family had suffered in re-
verses. As early as 1903, Charles Rhorhand, wdio
was art critic on the San Francisco Call, praised his
first story, a yarn wdiich appeared in the Call May 24,
1903, called "He, of Brent," and two years later he
met with success in the publication of "Hoodoo's
Mine." He had been a faithful reader of the "Nick
Carter" stories by E. T. Sawyer, the historian of
this history of Santa Clara County, and the hanker-

ing after writing ^vas in his very soul. In company
with his brothers, Roy .and Landon, he removed
to Goldfield, Nev., and from there James Fellom
started on a rampage of adventure in the mines,
which ended some ten years later. His finances
dropped down to the lowest ebb, and he was forced
to pass many a mealtime without a dinner. Much
time was spent in the mining camps of Goldfield,
Tonopah, Bullfrog, Rliy-o-lite, Lida, Seven Troughs,
Rawhide and Bogart, and for four months he was in
charge of the Tonopah and Tidewater commissary
at Ludlow, and seven times he crossed Death Val-
ley, apparently for no other reason than to gather
the material for the stories penned by him in the
last three years. Walking, riding the trails and the
railroads of the Southwest, Mr. Fellom has played
the part of the genuine hobo for the time he was
in it, and known from first-hand experience the life
of the w"anderer. Naturally he had many an ad-
venture, often discouraging; but while laying up in
Alojave, Cal., he took new courage and wrote the
"Ways of Nan Humtottle," resting his back up
against an adobe building as he sunned himself.
This brought him the means to reach San Francisco,
where he continued his literarj' work.

In 1913 he marketed "Gold and Water," which
was published by the Frank Munsey Company, and
was his first story to ajipear in the Eastern maga-
zines; and after that eighteen novelettes were sold
to the same publisher, and here begins the story
of the successful author. However, the slump in the
market of fiction in 1914-15, caused him to seek
other temporary employment, and he associated him-
self with the San Jose Mercury-Herald and the San
Francisco Call at Camp Fremont during the war.
Early in 1919 he renewed his efforts at fiction writ-
ing, and has scored such success that he has since
marketed over forty stories. These have been con-
tributed to Alunsey's Saucy Stories, the Western
Story Alagazine, the Popular Magazine, the Picto-
rial Review, Argosy All-Story, Peoples, McClures
and Short Stories magazines, the People's Home
Journal, and many others. The two complete
novels, "The Wherewithal" and "The Complex
^Irs. Belden" arc just being published in octavo form.
Air. Fellom is the founder of the "Plotw-rights," a
literary club in San Jose.

At San Francisco, in 1899, Mr. Fellom was mar-
ried to Miss Lelia Gruby, a native of Oregon, by
whom he had one son, Noel Valentine, wdio was at-
tending Santa Clara College when in 1918 he en-
listed in the LT. S. Marines, and since liis honorable
discharge he has located in San Francisco, where he
is engaged in newspaper work. He has written
numerous short stories and has recently completed
his first novel, "The Night Riders," which gives
every promise of success. Not long ago, James
Fellom married a second time, taking for liis wile
Miss Ruby Esther Byler, the dau.ghter of Tyra A.
Byler, who was a native of Alabama and had mar-
ried Miss Fannie Maria Collins, of Kentucky. Tyra
Byler was a successful and well-known marine en-
gineer, and with his devoted wife spent his last years
in San Jose. The union of ^Ir. and Mrs. Jas. Fel-
lom has been blessed with one child, James Byler
Fellom. Airs. Fellom w^as born m Sacramento and
obtained her education in the schools of San Jose
and Oakland. Displaying a natural talent for music,
she studied with the Worcester School of Music

500

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

of San Jose and with Benjamin Moore of San Fran-
cisco. She is a cultured woman and intensely in-
terested in her hushand's literary work and enters
heartily into it acting as his critic and reviewer.
Mr. FcUom is the treasurer of the Markham Home
Landmark Association of which Henry Meade Bland
is president.

CHARLES F. W. HERRMANN— A finely-
trained, experienced and thoroughly practical civil
engineer and surveyor is Charles Herrmann of San
Jose, for three terms the surveyor of Santa Clara
County. He was born in Germany in April, 1846,
the son of A. Herrmann, a German by birth, and
his English-born wife, who was Eliza Purgold be-
fore her marriage. Charles attended the Polytechnic
Schools at Hanover and Carlsruhe, and in 1865
was graduated as a civil engineer. Then he ac-
cepted the post of mechanical engineer on the steam-
er Saxonia, and made about twenty trips between
New York and Germany. In 1867 he took up civil
engineering and surveying in his native land.

In the spring of 1869. Mr. Herrmann came out
to California by way of the Isthmus of Panama,
and having a brother, A. T. Herrmann at San Jose,
he came here and spent a couple of years at which
time thej' established the firm of Herrmann Bros.,
civil engineers and surveyors. Later he was in the
employ of the Southern Pacific at Sacramento for
a year as mechanical engineer and on returning to
San Jose he devoted his time to the interests of
Herrmann Bros. He and his brother made ihc first
complete map of Santa Clara County, which gives
each subdivision of land with the owners' names,
school districts, roads and other very desirable data;
it took two years, and the assessments for 1873-74
were based on this map, and from it all later maps
of the county have been made. During his public
service as surveyor of Santa Clara County — for three
years — Mr. Herrmann and his brother laid out Lick
.'Avenue, popularly known as the Mt. Hamilton Road,
to Lick Observatory.

-■\t Sacramento on April 14. 1872, !Mr. Herrmann
was married to Miss Helen Hoerst. a native of Ger-
many, but who was reared in this country from
the age of four years and with whom he has trav-
eled life's journey in the eventful intervening years.
A Republican given to standing by the party in mat-
ters cjf national moment, Mr. Herrmann is still so
deeply interested in Santa Clara County and all that
may pertain to its promising future, that he never
favors partisanship as a local issue. He owns a sum-
mer home at Saratoga, but has always lived in San
Jose. He remains active in the Germania Club, and
belongs to Schiller Lodge No. 105, I. O. O. F. of Sac-
ramento, and lives the exemplary life of a patriotic
American.

LAWRENCE RUSSELL.— The pioneer cooperat-
ive fruit packer of the Santa Clara Valley, Lawrence
Russell, of the Saratoga district, has been associated
with the fruit industry as an orchardist ever since
his advent in this county, whither he removed in 1888.
A native of the land of Burns, he was born at Cal-
derbank, Scotland, on August 5, 1850, the son of
Andrew and Isabella (Arthur) Russell, both born,
reared and died in their native land. The father was
a baker by trade, following that until his death.
Lawrence was educated in the public schools of Cal-
derbank and the Airdrie Academy of Airdrie, Scot-

land, and when he was through with his studies he be-
came office boy for the Monkland Iron and Steel Com-
pany at Calderbank and remained with this firm for
sixteen years, advancing from one post to another
until he became cashier, and during the time he read
law and became a chartered accountant while in their
employ.

Having left the employ of the steel company he
secured a position with the Arizona Copper Company
of Edinburgh, and in 1883. came to Clifton, Arizona,
where in 1885 he was joined by his family. He held
the post of cashier for the Arizona Copper Company,
later was made its president and manager. He was
also president and manager of the Arizona and New
Mexico Railroad, owned by stockholders of the Cop-
per Company, running between Clifton, Arizona and
Lordsburg, New Mexico. During 1888 he came to
California and to San Jose, but stopped for only a
few months in the city, when he went to the Saratoga
district, and on the Mountain View road, in 1889,
he purchased eighty acres of orchard, which is now
set to prunes and apricots. This was about the time
that the transformation of the country from grain
farming to fruit raising was in progress, with no
markets for the fruit, or when marketed, with the
prices so unstable as to discourage development of
orchards. There was no coordination among any of
the growers and each individual did the best he could
to advance his own interests. Mr. Russell circulated
among the growers of his district and finally or-
ganized a cooperative association of three men for
the packing and marketing of fruit, with his sons to
aid him in his work. They secured the best method
of commercial packing of good fruit and from their
first year, when only two car loads were sent out,
the\- steadily advanced until now an average of thirty
cars are sent to the markets of America annually.
During the years intervening from 1889 to the present
time, Mr. Russel's forceful personality has been felt
in the orchard and packing industry, and though
practically retired from active duties he is still acting
in an advisory capacity in the plant that he founded
thirty years ago. They still retain among their cus-
tomers people who bought their fruit at the beginning
and the "Russell Brand" of first class packed dried
fruit stands for quality in all the markets of the
h'.ast. As a fruit grower, Mr. Russell utilizes every
up-to-date method to be found on all first class
ranches and his industry and perseverance have been
the main factors in his success.

In Scotland, on December 19, 1870, he was united
in marriage with Miss Mary MacVicar, born in that
country, and they have become the parents of eight
children: Andrew, connected with Richmond-Chase
Company in San Jose, and the father of two children,
Dorothy and Norman A.; Hamilton, on the ranch
with his father, formerly a garage owner at Saratoga;
Jessie, the wife of A. L. Cilker of Los Gatos; Isa-
i)ella, at home with her parents; Alexander, a civil
engineer in the employ of the state and living in
P)erkeley, and has two children, Alexander and Mary
Inez; Margaret, also at home; Mary, the wife of
,\. E. Stewart, of Berkeley; while Lawrence, widely
known among a large circle of friends, died at the
age of twenty-four.

Mr. Russell is a stalwart Republican and alive to the
interests of his party in national issues, but in local
matters he is above partisanship and supports the
men and measures for the greatest good to the

^^t^oj. J\ ^^.urT^^.^^

^a^ct^t^^

VTISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

503

greatest number. He is a staiieh advocate of edu-
eation and has served as a member of his local school
hoard for manv years. He is a member of Liberty
Lodge No. 299. F. & .\. M. of Santa Clara. He is
public spirited to a high degree, giving freely of his
time and means to promote movements for the moral
and social uplift of his adopted state and county.
He has witnessed the steady growth and development
of Santa Clara County and now in the evening of his
days, with his good wife by his side, and surrounded
by his children and grandchildren, enjoys life to its
full, a well-deserved reward for his busy years.

JOHN R. LOCURTO.— In the path of an orderly
progression, each step being made at the cost of
earnest labor and close application, John R. Locurto
has reached an enviable place in the liusiness circles
of San Jose, being now closely associated with its
commercial interests as proprietor of the Consoli-
dated Garage, one of the leading enterprises of this
character in the cit> . He also has other business
interests here and in the management of his affairs
has displayed sound judgment, energy and enter-
prise. He was born in New York City, November
IZ. 1888, a son of G. B. and Lucile Locurto, the
former a native of Palermo, Italy. When a young
man the father emigrated to the United States, es-
tablishing his home in New York City, where he
resided until 1901, when he responded to the call
of the West and came with his family to California.
He established his home in San Jose and soon after-
ward identified himself with its business interests,
opening a grocery store on \Vest San Carlos Avenue.
He has now reached the age of seventy years but
is still actively at work. Mr. and Mrs. Locurto be-
came the parents of three sons and three daughters.

John R. Locurto acquired his education in the
public schools of New York City, which he attended
to the age of thirteen years, and a year later started
out in life on his own account, going to San Fran-
cisco, where for two years he was employed in the
Union Iron Works. He then returned to San Jose
and for the next three years worked for the Cali-
fornia Fruit Canners' Association, afterward opening
a butcher shop on West San Carlos Street. This he
continued to successfully conduct until the spring
of 1920. when he withdrew from its active manage-
ment, although he still retains the ownership of the
shop. He then bought out the Consolidated Garage
and took over the Santa Clara County territory for
the Kissel. Ma.xwell and Liberty cars. He carries
a^ least one of each of these machines in stock all
o^ the time and his aggressive business methods have
resulted in a large volume of sales. He is now con-
ducting his interests in a fine modern garage, 50x250
feet, at ,^55 South I'irst Street, which was especially
I lected for this jjurpose. He carries a full line of
automobile accessories and parts to the amount of
$11,000 and also maintains a well-equipped repair
shop capable of meeting .all of the demands of the
trade. Under his able management the business has
enjoyed a remarkabh' rapid growth and he now
gives constant employment to from eighteen to
twenty men. He was formerly the owner of a
twenty-acre ranch on the Fox-Wertly Road, but sold
the property on May 22, 1920, and invested the
proceeds in his automobile business.

In October, 1914, at San Jose, Mr. Locurto was
unite<l in marriage to Miss Lina Petrlna (jarnise, a
native of Texas and a daughter of Antone and Mar-
garet C.arnise. Her parents removed to San Jose
during her girlhood and her education was acquired
in the schools of Texas and this locality. Three
sons have been born of this union: John, Jr., Antone
and Joseph. Mr. Locurto is a valued member of the
Italian-American Club of San Jose, and his political
allegiance is given to the Republican party. His
career has been marked by steady advancement, due
to his close application, industry and unquestioned
reliability, and he deserves classification with the
successful and public-spirited citizens of San Jose.

KARL R. FREDERICKS.— An aggressive, pro-
gressive )-oung man who is fast rising in the busi-
ness world and enjoying the fruits of intelligent in-
dustr\- and a well-merited popularity, is Karl R.
Irederieks, among the proudest of American citizens
from the fact that he has just received his citizenship
papers. He was born in the ancient city of Augs-
burg, in the province of Schwaben-Neuburg, in
Bavaria, on July 27, 1890, the son of Ferdinand b'red-
ericks, an artist and an interior decorator, who was
much in demand for churches, public auditoriums
and large buildings; he died when only forty years
old. He had married Miss Margaret Kurgcss, and
she is still living in Vienna.

Karl went to the primary schools and the gym-
nasium at Augsburg, and when fourteen years old
started to make his way in the world. In 1906 he
went to South America and worked in a broker's
olfice, putting in a 3'ear at Santos and a year at Sao
Paulo, Brazil, and in 1908 he came to California. He
stopped only a short while in San Francisco, and
soon came inland to San Jose; and for three years
he worked for the Flickinger Fruit Canning Com-
pany. He then took a post in the Star Grocery, and
ill the six years he was with that line of mercantile
trade, he mastered the business. He next joined
Messrs. Richmond & Chase, with whom he remained
for two years; and after that he worked for a vear
at Cook's Oil Station at the corner of Sixth and
Santa Clara streets. By this time Mr. Fredericks
had saved enough to go into business for himself,
and he bought out Mrs. Lingua's store on Terraine
Street, and conducted a grocery store and soda foun-
tain, and sold school supplies. His anticipation of
the wants of his customers as well as his untiring
efforts to please, have brought him many patrons.

At San Jose on October 18, 1915, Mr. Fredericks
was married to Miss Angela Lavagnino, a native of
San Jose and the daughter of Joseph and Margaret
(Rieger) Lavagnino, who came to California in 1876
when she was twenty-two years old. Joseph Lavag-
nino, who is still living here at the age of sixty-five.
hailed from Genoa, Italy, although his wife came
from Bavaria. Angela attended the grammar and
high school of Notre Dame, and she also studied
music and graduated in that subject in 1914. Siie
has two children: Karl J. and Margaret A., a joy in
particular to Grandfather Lavagnino, who is now-
one of the old-time residents of San Jose and who
by industry and close ap|)lication to business ac-
quired a competence so that he now lives retired,
enjoying the fruits of his u;bor.

504

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ALEXANDER J. HART.— Prominent among the
merchants of San Jose who have contributed largely
toward the rapid and magnificent development of
the city as a great commercial center, is, undoubtedly,
Alexander J. Hart, the president of the L. Hart &
Sons Company, one of the oldest business houses in
this section of the state. He was born at Santa Clara
on July 23, 1869, the son of Leopold Hart, the famous
pioneer who had the first brick store building in San
Jose, having come here in 1856 and ten j^ears later
founded the house which bids fair to perpetuate his
name. He married Miss Hortense Cahen and for
nineteen years was a storekeeper at Santa Clara; and
when he came to San Jose he bought the old Corner
Cash Store. He died on April 12, 1904, widely known
and greatly respected.

Alexander Hart attended the grammar and the
high schools of San Jose, and when a mere youngster
joined his father in the conduct of the business. For
some time he had practically managed the store; and
on his father's death, he assumed charge. Concerning
this succession, of such importance to the San Jose
public, the representative newspaper, the "Mercury,"
well said:

".Absolute integrity and business authority of the
highest type are represented in A. J. Hart, and the
record of the growth of L. Hart & Son Company
indicates that as a business leader he is rapidly realiz-
ing the ambition of his father for the firm's expansion.
The space now covered was formerly occupied by
twenty different concerns. L. Hart & Son Company
now occupy two-thirds of the entire block bounded
by Santa Clara, Market, Lighston and Post streets,
and there are thirty-five complete departments in the
store. The apt slogan of L. Hart & Son Company
is: 'California's Fastest Growing Store,' It has grown
from a shop occupying 2,5U0 square feet to an estab-
lishment occupying approximately 50,000 square feet;
and from a store employing only four clerks to one
having over one hundred fifty employees." The "Mer-
cury Herald" of November 22, 1912, carried thirty-two
pages of advertising space for this firm, and this
journal said editorially: "Perhaps never before in
any city of the LTnited States has a single advertiser
occupied with the contents of his own establishment
thirty-two pages of space." In 1922 A. J. Hart com-
pleted the purchase of the balance of the site now
occupied by the establishment.

Mr. Hart was married at New York, on March 5,
1910, to Miss Nettie Brooks, an accomplished lady
of Washington, D. C; and their fortunate union has
been blessed with the birth of four children: Leopold
Brooks, Mariam Hortense, Allese Josephine, and
Alexander J., Jr. Mr. Hart is a member of the Elks,
the Native Sons of the Golden West, and the Saintc
Claire, the Country and the Commercial clubs. He
was one of the originators of the plan to organize the
Commercial Club and he is a director and its vice-
president. He called the first meeting of the Mer-
chants Association, he originated the "Booster Trips,"
and he has long been an active member of the San
Jose Chamber of Commerce. A man above partisan-
ship, he served for several years as police and fire
commissioner, and he took a very active part in the
Rose Carnival of 1910, and was chairman of the
finance committee.

BENJAMIN FLINT— WILLIAM R. FLINT.—

The personality and career of Benjamin Flint present
a fascinating study to the analyst of character. He
was a man of extraordinary mental versatility, un-
usual resourcefulness and organizing skill and while
he won for himself place, power and position, he also
became a dynamic force in the development of Cali-
fornia, with whose history his name is inseparably
associated as one of its upbuilders and honored pio-
neers. His birth occurred at New Vineyard, Maine,
February 21, 1827, and he was the third in a family
of ten children. A representative of an old and
prominent New England family, he was accorded
liljeral educational advantages for those days, at-
tending the grammar and high schools of Anson,
Maine, and afterward completing a course in civil
engineering at the academy of North Yarmouth,
Maine. He secured a position in the office of the
Maine Central Railroad at the time that line was
built in the state and he also taught school for a
while in Maine.

Attracted by the opportunities of the West, Mr.
]''lint secured passage on a vessel which left New
York City on the ISth of March, 1849, and arrived
at San Francisco, Cal., on the 29th of August of
that year, going by way of the Isthmus of Panama.
In search of the precious metal, he went to the
mines of -Kmador County, Cal., where he remained
for a year, meeting with average success. He then
emiiarked in the cattle business at Volcano in order
to meet the demands for fresh meat in the mining
camps and from its inception the venture proved a
success. In order to restock his ranch he returned
to tlie East, purchased a fine band of sheep, which
he drove across the plains to Southern California,
arriving there on the first of April, 1853. As his
liusiness grew he admitted as partners Thomas Flint,
a brother, and Llewellyn Bi.xby, a cousin, the enter-
prise becoming known as the Flint-Bixby Company.
They acquired over 100,000 acres of fine pasture
land in Los Angeles County on which they raised
lar,ge numbers of cattle and sheep, conducting an
extensive and lucrative business in wool, hides and
fresh meat. Subsequentljr Benjamin Flint became
associated with Jotham Bixby and they purchased
40,000 acres of good grazing land near Los Angeles,
and at a later period the Flint-Bixby Company be-
came the largest exporters of wool in the state. At
one time he was interested with James Irvine, Sr., in
the San Joaquin Ranch, now in Orange County. Mr.
Flint also became president of the Guadaloupe Is-
land Company, located off Mexico and engaged ex-
tensively in breeding high-grade Angora goats, hav-
ing an average herd of 7,000 head a season. In
the control of his business interests he displayed
marked aliility and energy, and became a dominant
figure in business circles of the state. He was elected
president of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company,
l)ut owing to the heavy demands upon his time was
obliged to decline the offer, although he subse-
([uently accepted the office of vice-president of the
road, being instrumental in securing from the city
of San Francisco the franchise wdiich enabled the
company to complete its line. Before the advent of
the railroad the Flint-Bixby Company operated a
line of stage coaches from San Francisco to Los
.'\ngeles and they also became important factors in
the development of the sugar beet industry, in ad-
dition to various cinnabar and quartz mines. During

^^..f^^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CT,ARA COUNTY

=.07

his later years Mr. Flint maile his luuue in San
Benito County, acquiring large land holdings near
San Juan and Hollister. on which he raised cattle
upon an extensive scale. His home ranch was
known as San lusto, and here he resided for many
years previous to his demise, which occurred in
October, 1881. He was a man of culture and re-
finement, with lofty ideals and aspirations, and de-
lighted in travel, visiting all parts of the United
States and }iIexico.

On itay 11. 1857, Wx. Flint was united in mar-
riage to -Miss Caroline L. Getehell, a representative
of an old and prominent New England family and
a direct descendant of Governor Bradford of !Massa-
chusctts. Mrs. Flint was born at North Anson.
Maine, and immediateh- after her marriage started
across the plains for California, continuing a resi-
dent of this state until her demise on October 17.
1908. when she was seventy-three years of age. Mr.
and Mrs. Flint became the parents of seven chil-
dren: Benjamin; \\'illiam R. and George C, twins;
Walter P.; Robert W.; Uva and Caroline. Air.
Flint joined the Masonic order in 1854 and in re-
ligious faith he was a Congregationalist. He was
a big man — big in that power which understands
conditions, grasps situations and molds opportun-
ities into tangible assets. He never deviated from
the course wdiich the world regards as right in the
relation between man and his fellowmcn and in all
of his business career held closely to the rules
which govern strict integrity and unabating industry.

His son. William R. Flint, was born in San Juan.
San Benito County. Cal.. March 13. 1869. and his
education was acquired in the grammar and high
schools of Oakland. On starting out in life for
himself he went to Fresno County as manager of
the Adobe Ranch, comprising about 26.000 acres of
land. At the time Madera County was formed from
Fresno County, Mr. Flint was appointed one of the
commissioners by the governor to form that county.
Following the outbreak of the Spanish-American
War he entered the service and was sent to the
Philippines, later returning to San Francisco. AVith
his brothers he became the owner of a ranch of
3,000 acres situated near Hollister, upon which he
remained for about fifteen years, during which period
he was called to public office, serving for four years
as state representative and for an equal period as
state senator, his district comijrising San Mateo.
San Benito and Santa Cruz counties. His political
record was a highly commendable one, characterized
by loj-alty to every trust reposed in him and the
fearless defense of those measures which he be-
lieved to be for the best interests of his state and
nation. A few years ago he disposed of his hold-
ings in San Benito County and is now interested in
Santa Clara County, making his home in San Jose.

In San Juan, San Benito County, Cal., Mr. Flint
was married to Aliss Alary L. Kemp on May 21.
1901. She is a native of San Benito County, her
parents, Frederick W. and Marie Louise (DesLand)
Kemp, being pioneers of San Juan Bautista, where
her father followed the occupation of farming. Mr.
Flint is a progressive Republican and an active
worker in the ranks of the party, having served as
a member of the state central committee. He is
affiliated with the Masonic order, being a Thirty-
second degree Scottish Rite and Knights Templar
Mason and a Shriner, and he is also an Elk. He is

likewise a direclor of the Semiiivirens Club, wdiicli
was the principal factor in saving the Giant Red-
w otxls of Santa Cruz County. He is deeply interested
in all that pertains to the welfare and progress of his
communily, county and commonwealth and has long
luen ,-1 strong advocate of the conservation of Cali-
fornia's magnificent redwood forests. He is a
worthy son ol a distinguished sire. I'v inheritance
he bears a name that stands \or the highest ideals
in business and social life and he ranks with the
leading and repn-sent.ative citizens of the Santa Clara
A'alley and of California.

CHARLES CLARK.— An attorney whose pro-
found knowledge of the law has been the means
of both drawing to, and holding for him a large
and important clientele, is Charles Clark, one of
the most popular members of the California bar
at San Jose. He was born at Natchez, Miss., on
November 20, 1849, the son of John T. Clark, a
distinguished lawyer of St, Joseph, Tensas Parish.
La. He died on March 30, 1855, when our subject
was only five years old, leavin,g a widow, who had
been Miss Margaret Nutt in her girlhood, and who
was born at Laurel Hill, Miss. She came of an old
influential family of English descent, who settled
in the northern neck of Virginia at the same time the
Washingtons and Lees settled there. She was a
woman of exceptional education, and was the first
instructor of her two boys; and wdien she died on
Noveml.)er 2'', 1874, she was mourned and honored
by a wide circle of friends.

Charles, the eldest son, was the only one to grow-
to manhood. .'Vlthough brought up during the Civil
War, he had the advantages of a higher education.
He started with private tutors, read law in Louisiana,
and quite qualified himself for examination; but the
evil effects of the reconstruction period leaving that
section in a chaotic condition, he decided to come to
California and on December 21, 1873, he arrived
in San Francisco. Then he entered the law offices
of Messrs. Haggin & Tevis, where he read law- for
a year; and on January 8, 1875, he applied to the
Supreme Court for examination, and was admit-
ted to practice in all the courts of California.

In the be,ginning. Mr. Clark practiced in San
I^rancisco and Alameda County until 1884, and in
that year he opened an office in the old Martin
Block. San Jose, now the theater building, where
he has ever since had his well-known headquarters.
Coming of a fighting family prominent in the days
of the Confederate army, he is known for his de-
termination to contend for a client until the last
ditch, and to safeguard every interest of those con-
fiding in and depending upon him. In politics he
is a Democrat, of the old, standpatter school.

At San Francisco on March 28, 1877, Mr. Clark
was married to Miss Emma Fowder, a gifted lad}- of
New- Orleans, Louisiana, l)>' w-liom he has had five
children. David L. died in Alexico in 1904 at the
age of twenty-six; Charles Edgar is a cotton broker
at Austin, Texas, and Benjan-iin Palmer and Jeffer-
son Davis are implement and tractor men at Dal-
las, Texas and the only daughter, Margaret Nutt,
remains with her parents, assisting in presiding over
the house. Mr. Clark enjoyed his home life, at
Carmel-by-the-Sea, for some years, but since 1921
the family have made their home at Palo Alto.

508

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ALVIN M. BLOUNT— Some men are born with
a KCiiius for leadership and no obstacle can prevent
them from attaining the object of their ambition.
To this class belongs Alvin M. Blount, president of
the Retail Grocers' Association of San Jose and also
proprietor of one of the leading grocery stores in
the city. A native of the South, he was born in
Atlanta. Ga., September 7, 1878, his parents be-
ing P. W. and Sarah (Wagers) Blount. The father
was a farmer by occupation and in Georgia grew corn
and cotton, remaining a resident of that state until
1893, when he removed to near Dallas, Texas, where
he raised corn, cotton and sugar cane.

The seventh in a family of ten children, Alvin M.
Blount attended the schools of Atlanta, Georgia, to
the age of fifteen, when he removed with his parents
to Texas, pursuing his studies in the Northern Texas
Normal College at Denton, from which he received a
second grade certificate. He then went to Parker
County, that state, where for a time he engaged in
teaching, and then resumed his studies in the normal
school, working his way through, and received a first
grade certificate as a teacher. Leaving Texas, he
went to Pueblo, Colorado, where he secured a posi-
tion in the freight department of the Denver i^^: Rio
Grande Railroad Company, acting as a clerk with
that corporation for three years. In 1908 he came to
San Jose and entered the shipping department of
the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, with which
he remained for nine years. Through thrift and
economy he at length accumulated sufficient capital
to enable him to embark in business on his own
account, and in August, 1916, he purchased a grocery
store at the corner of San Fernando and Seventh
Streets, choosing a location near the hi,gh school.
For three years he conducted that establishment and
then when plans for the new high school were com-
pleted it took in his location, and he then purchased
a building at the corner of Tenth and William
Streets, to which he removed his stock, consolidating
the two, remaining in that locality for a year, or until
March 14, 1921, when he obtained an option on the old
Bluett property at the corner of Twenty-third and
San Fernando streets, transferring his stock to this
store, although still retaining his former holdings on
Tenth Street, which he rents for store purposes.
Merc Mr. Blount built up a successful business, thus
enhancing the value of the corner to such an extent
that early in 1922 he sold it to great advantage and
then purchased his present location, the old Home
Union corner at East Santa Clara and Twenty-first
street, where he conducts a splendid retail grocery-
establishment. His business has rapidly developed
and the property has also become more valuable.
His stock is of the highest grade and he has
ever followed the policy of "Pay as you go"
.\ keen obser^'cr, he has made a close study of the
business, comparing his methods with those of other
merchants, and he has become recognized as an
authority m this line, his advice being often sought
l)y those similarly engaged. He started in the bus-
iness over five years ago without any previous know-
ledge of the trade and through his intelligently
directed efforts has risen to a foremost position in
the line in which he specializes, being president of
the Retail Grocers' Association of San Jose and also
a member of State Retail Grocers' Association.

In Austin, Texas, on March 12, 1903, Mr. Blount
married Miss Annie R. Wright, who was born in

Paris, that state, a daughter of Calvin Jones and
Mary A. (Rogers) Wright. Her mother was born in
Alabama, while her father was a native of North
Carolina, becoming a resident of Texas in the early
days. He followed the occupation of farming and
passed away in 1895, but the mother is still living at
the age of sixty-six years. They had a family of
four children, of whom three survive. Mr. and Mrs.
Blount have become the parents of two sons, Alvin
H., class of 1922, and Travis W., class of 1923, San
Jose High School, after wdiich they will enter Leland
Stanford University. Fraternally Mr. Blount is

identified with the Woodmen of the World of San
Jose; and he is also an enthusiastic member of the
Chamber of Commerce and the Merchants' Associa-
tion of San Jose.

BRUNO BERNAL.— A worthy pioneer whose
hallowed memory all who knew him delight to
honor was the late Bruno Bernal, who was born on
tlie Santa Teresa rancho, south of San Jose, on Feb-
ruary 14, 1857, the youngest son of Bruno Bernal,
the pioneer and wealthy ranchman, and owner of the
Santa Teresa grant. He came to Santa Clai"a in
the early days, and became one of her foremost
citizens. He was married a second time to Miss
lilanda Castro, and from this union sprang the sub-
ject of this story and three daughters. His brother-
in-law was General Castro.

Bruno Bernal, Jr., grew to manhood on the home
ranch, and he lived at home until he was twenty-one
years of age. Then he came to San Jose, and for
many years thereafter he conducted a cigar store
here, and after that, removing to San Luis Obispo,
he likewise was a merchant for fifteen years. He
was married to Miss Josephine Comclio, the daugh-
ter of Antonio and Luella (Duarte) Comelio, a gifted
lady born on April 26, 1862, the eighth child in a fam-
ily of twelve, three of whom survive the father
and mother. She attended Notre Dame Convent,
and was a most popular young woman among her
musical associates. Mr. Bernal died on May 5,
1920, an honored member of the Pioneer Society of
Santa Clara County, and also of the Foresters.

Right children were granted Mr. and Mrs. Bernal.
Bruno Arthur resides at Oakland, is married and
has one child; Rebecca died at the age of fourteen;
Edward R. resides at home; William, the fourth in
the order of birth, died in infancy, while William, the
next-born, also lives at home; Salvadore is single
and a lieutenant in the San Jose Fire Department;
."Vdele remains with her mother and is an accom-
plished young woman in music and the drama, hav-
ing attended Notre Dame Convent and the School
of Expression of the College of the Pacific. Jose,
the youngest, also enjoys the shelter of the paternal
roof. Edward R. Bernal served in the One Hundred
Fifteenth Ambulance Truck Supply, and was over-
seas for eight months; he received his honorable dis-
charge from Camp Kearney on May 4, 1919. Wil-
liam Bernal served as bandmaster on the U. S. S.
Hrmtington, «hich made nine trips overseas in the
transport service. Salvadore served for three years
as sergeant under General Funston in Mexico, and
he also enlisted for service in the recent war as a
member of the One Hundred Ninety-Fifth Infantry.
The oldest son, Bruno, worked in the shipyards, and
Miss Adele gave entertainments to the boys in the
camps, and did all she could to sustain the morale
of the brave boys in khaki.

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTS'

TULLY CLEON KNOLES.— It is a widely
acknowledged fact that the most important wuik lo
which a man can direct his ener.nies is that of teach-
ing, whether it be from the pulpit, from the lectme
platform or in the schoolroom. It is in youth that
the life of a man is marked out, his future course
decided and his choice as to good or evil made, ,ind
to the work of instructing the young, 'Fully Cleon
Knoles is devoting his time, energies and thought.
A native of Petersburg, HI, he was born January
0, 1S76. His father, Thomas Stone Knoles, was a
native of Illinois, horn in Menard County, whitlier
his parents had come from Indiana in 1847. After
completing his early education, he began readui,g
law and was admitted to the bar, becoming well
known and active in the profession. He is a direct
descendant of Thomas Stone, a native of the state of
Maryland, whose signature appears on the Declar.a-
tion of Independence. His mother before her mar-
riage was ^liss Laura Ellen Hart, a native of Illi-
nois, and mother of four children at the time the
iam!l\- removed to the Pacific Coast in 1887; locating
near Ontario, where four more children were born.
She traces her ancestry back to John Hart of \'ir-
ginia. who was also present at the signing of the
Declaration of Independence and affixed his si,gna-
ture to the famous document. Some of the
progenitors of these families were prominent in the
histor},- of early colonial days and have always been
stanch and true American patriots. After the re-
moval of the family to the Pacific Coast, the father
continued his practice of law with marked ability at
Ontario and later at Los Angeles, where in 1902
the family removed.

The preliminary education of Tully Cleon Knoles
was obtained in the public schools of Ontario. In
1895 he graduated from the preparator\' school of
Chaff^ee Academy, thereafter entering the L^niversit\"
of Southern California, taking a ministerial course,
and becoming a student-pastor at San Pedro, Cab,
soon after entering the college. He received his
A.B. degree in 19UJ; his A.M. degree m 1908, and
degree of D.D. in 1919. During the years he was
perfecting his education, he was active in the minis-
try. In 1903 he was selected as assistant professor
of history in the University of Southern California,
serving in this capacity until 1908, when he became
the head of the history department. In 1919 he
was unanimoush' chosen as the head of the College
of the Pacific, the oldest institution of learning in
California, which is, at the present time, enjoying a
period of prosperity unsurpassed by any other col-
lege in the state, and to Doctor Knoles is accorded
the credit of the increasing popularity and success
of the college. During the World War he toured
the Pacific Coast states in behalf of the Liberty and
Victory Loan drives; and his excellency as a "four-
minute" speaker was unexcelled by any one.

The marriage of Dr. Knoles occurred August 2.5,
1899, united him with Miss Emily Walline, a daugh-
ter of Peter and Jennie (Mascall) Walline, residents
of Upland, Cal. Her father was a native of Sweden,
coming to America and settling in Illinois wdien but
a young man. His industry and thrift brought him
a handsome fortune, although he had only the op-
portunity to acquire but a meager education. After
his retirement, he traveled extensively throughout

the United Stales and Luroiie. While on a tour of
the country in I'ebruary, he was stricken and passed
axvay at b'scondido, Cal., b'ebruary (>, 1921. Doctor
and Mrs. Knoles are the parents of eight children:
Lorraine Isabel, a graduate of the Liberal Arts
course of the College of the Pacific, June 22, 1921;
Dorothy Anne, a student of the department of music.
College of the Pacilic; Peter Walline and Ldith
.'\>'leen, twins, are graduates of College Park
Academy with the class of June, 1921, and now at-
tend the College of the Pacilic; George Herman,
Gordon Elbert, Tull_\- Cleon, Jr., are students, and
Leslie Ga\-. All the children were horn in Los
An.geles.

Politically, Doctor Knoles is a Democrat of the
stanchest part)- loyalty, casting his ballot for the
Democratic presidential nominee since becoming of
age. E'rateriially he is a Mason, being active in the
social life of the organization. He is a member of
the board of directors of the Rotary Club of San
Jose. He, with his family, are affiliated with the
Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of
the board of education of this denomination, and is
a director representing the southern Pacific st.ates
in collaboration with the national membership meet-
ing held annualh- in the month of December in \ew
Vork City.

During Doctor Knoles' attendance at the Univer-
sity of Southern California, he was active in ath-
letics, being awarded four stars for football, baseball
and track work. No doubt this experience has served
to increase his popularity with the student body of
the college of which he is the worthy and congenial
head. Doctor Knoles is a profound thinker, making
a deep and careful study of the questions of the day.
Much of his time is spent in lecturing on European
histor>- and government, as well as the growth of
the American nation, and his lectures have served
to enlighten the public along these lines. On March
17, 1921, he spoke before the San Jose Chamber of
Commerce forum on the subject the "Third Inter-
nationale." which recjuired fourteen months in prep-
aration, gathering facts and material, wdiich proved
to be both interesting and educational. In speaking
of Karl Marx' "Dos Kapital," Doctor Knoles said
"Thank God, there has never been a condition in
America out of which class consciousness might be
developed." His entire life work has been of a con-
structive character, being actuated b>- a si)irit of ad-
\ancement in all that he does. Doctor Knoles and
his family are \\idely and favorably known through-
out the community, enjoying the warm regard of all
\\ith whom they have been associated.

CHARLES F. OVERFELT.— Among the breed-
ers and raisers of fine draft horses in Santa Clara
and San Benito counties, who by energy and indus-
try have become successful, the names of Charles F.
Overfelt and his brother Ed J. stand to the
front. A native son, he was born in the rural dis-
trict near Berryessa, Cal., July 28, 1858, the son of
William C. and Mary E. (Pylc) Overfelt. both early
pioneers of California, who are represented elsewhere
in this history.

Charles F. spent his boyhood days on the farm,
going to school a short time during the winter
months. Being the oldest of the family, many re-
sponsibilities were thrust upon him, as his father
died when Charles was only seventeen years old.

512

HISTORY OF SANTy\ CLARy\ COUNTY

His first independent purchase of land was in Stan-
islaus County near Oakdale, which be leased and
sold eighteen years later. In 1891 he and his broth-
er, Ed. J. purchased 430 acres six miles from Hol-
lister in the Santa Ana Valley and engaged in the
stock business and attained success as a breeder of
fine horses. They owned some of the best prize
stock of Belgian draft horses in America, showing
them at the State Fairs and the Panama-Pacific
Exposition in San Franci,sco and carrying away
many premiums. He and his brother now own
970 acres in the San Juan Valley, San Pienito Coun-
ty. In 1860 W. C. Overfelt started operating a
threshing machine and from that j-ear until 1910,
with the exception of two years, threshing outfits
were sent out from the home ranch, C. F. Overfelt
carrying on the business for forty seasons.

Mr. Overfelt was married in San Jose in 1899
to Miss Rosine Lenz. a native of California, the
daughter of George and Elizabeth (Geizwein) Lenz.
Her father conducted a drawing business for man\-
years in San Jose. They are tlie parents of two
children; Dorothy L. and Charles Harold, graduates
of San Jose high school. Both are now students
at Stanford. In 1919 Mr. Overfelt came to San Jose
and now lives retired. His life has been one of toil.
and characterized throughout by industry, persever-
ance and progressiveness and the prosperity which
has come to him is well deserved, for the principles
which have governed his conduct throughout his en-
tire life, are foimded on the Golden Rule.

EDWARD D. CRAWFORD.— An energetic, suc-
cessful, representative and influential dealer in land
and insurance broker, who also has the advantage
of being an attorney-at-law, is Edward D. Craw-
ford, who came to Gilroy in the late nineties, wdien
there were no paved streets nor concrete sidewalks
here, and business in general was very slack in this
part of the Valley. Being naturally, however, a far-
seeing poineer, Mr. Crawford perceived in Gilroy
its roseate prospects, and decided to locate here. He
was born at Mt. X'ernon. Iowa, on February 3, 1859,
the son of Rev. Samuel P. Crawford, wdro was for
years a pillar of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
and continued active public work in the ministry
of that organization until failing voice led him to re-
tire. In the declinin,g year of his life, however, he
lived in South Minnesota, where he was again active
as a church leader and rounded out a life of great use-
fulness at the age of sixty-two years. This profes-
sional occupation and standing of the father of our
subject afforded him advantages from the start; and
he was able to attend the Fvansville Academy, in
Indiana, at which he began to show his native abil-
ity as a writer.

Edward Crawford early desired to become a law-
yer, and the opportunity to satisfy his ambition was
presented soon after he left school, when he went
to Colorado and joined his brother-hi-law; who was a
successful attorney. Under his able guidance he read
law; and in 1883 he was admitted at Republican City,
Nebr., to the practice of law in that state. For three
years he followed legal practice, and he also edited
and [lublished the Republican City Topics. During
his journalistic career, he was a reporter of court
proceedings and he proved one of the \'eritable "live
wires" of the stafT. On coming to Denver in 1880,
Mr. Crawford entered the employ of the Denver Rio

Grande Express Company, as clerk in the auditor's
office, and it was during this time that he read law
with bis brother-in-law. In 1892, he came to San
Francisco, and there he joined the staff of the San
Francisco Chronicle. On coming to Gilroy, pressure
was brought to bear to induce him to devote him-
self entirely to the practice of law, and hence he gave
up juornalistic pursuits.

Mr. Crawford was appointed by the mayor and
council the city attorney of Gilroy, and one of the
results of his taking that office was a complete re-
vision of the law statutes. Several large bond issues
were also carried, with the subseciucnt acquiring of
the gas works and provision of a water system. Ever
since that date Mr. Crawford has been identified
with ideal legislation for the city, although he retired
years ago from all public offices and civic service.
,\s a Republican, he has been prominent in the coun-
cils of that great party, has often been a member of
the Republican State Committee and of the County
Central Committee, and has served as chairman of
the latter organization.

.■\fter opening his offices in Gilroy, Mr. Crawford
began to afford a superior service in real estate and in-
surance brokerage; and so well did he succeed, that he
was able to train one after another assistant, each of
whom has since established himself independently,
all working, however, to the mutual benefit of every-
one concerned. In October, 1919, Wellburn Mayock,
a promising young attorney, joined Mr. Crawford
in forming the law firm of Crawford & Mayock, and
this firm has been retained as the attorneys of the
Gilro>- r.ranch of the Garden City Bank & Trust
Company. In addition, the firm does a splendid busi-
ness in underwriting insurance, effecting loans and
in caring for estates. When Mr. Crawford came to
Gilro\' in the fall of 1897, he acquired by purchase
the Gilroy Gazette, then owned by B, A. Warded,
the father, now deceased, of J, S. Warded, the In-
ternal Revenue Collector of San Francisco; and this
early identification with the life of the growing town,
through journalistic activity, has enabled him easily
to keep in close touch with the community, and to
exert an enviable influence. During the World War,
Mr. Crawford practically gave up his practice and
de\-oted his entire time to war work as chairman of
the War Work Committee, which had charge of all
the dri\-es, and did valiant service.

In 1879, Mr. Crawford was married at Sedalia, Mo.,
to Miss Claudia Blair, the daughter of Milo Blair,
deceased, a prominent newspaper man and a politi-
cian, of Sedalia; and she died at Gilroy, mourned by
a wide circle of devoted friends, in 1913. The next
year, at San Francisco, Mr. Crawford married Miss
Lillian Hilton, a native daughter of Gilroy, whose
fathir was Thomas Hilton, a prominent and well-to-
do orchardist of Santa Clara County. One child,
Miss Esther Crawford, now a pupil of the Gilroy
school, blessed this second union. The family enjoy
a very desirable estate, with a fine residence and a
well-improved orchard of about twenty-five acres of
rich creek-bottom lands, and other acreage, situated
in the Bodfish Creek district, west of Gilroy, and
there, to a large circle of devoted friends, they dis-
pense a generous hospitality. Mr. Crawford is not
only prominent as a Mason, but he enjoys the esteem
of all wdio admire him for his amldtion to do the worK
he sets out to do.

'yU^>^^^i^^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

515

WARNER HUTTON.— A resident of California
for almost three seore years and ten, Warner Hnt-
ton eame to California willi liis parents in 1S5-I. Horn
in New York City, Mareh '•>. 1842, he is the son of
Henry and Eleanor (Foster) Hiitton, also liorn in
New ^'ork City, who on eoniin^ to the Coast hrst
settled in San Franeiseo. Durin.i,' the year of 1870
the father hought a ranch on the Quito Road in
tile vieinitN' of Saratoga and improved it to orchard
and lived there in peace and plenty imtil he passed
awa_\' in his eightieth year, while his widow sin'vi\"ed
him and died at almost 100 years oUl. Warner's
prehminary education was obtained princii)all>' in the
schools of San Francisco. As a 1)oy he was always
interested in engineering and his desire was to run
a locomcTfive. hut to learn it thoroughly in those days
meant for him to go back to New York and his
mother would not consent to his going away. He
was employed in San F'rancisco until his parents
moved to the ranch at Saratoga, when he also came
here and assisted in setting out the orchards and
caring for them.

When ilr. Hutton's father passed away, the home
place became his and he has developed it to
such a degree that it brings him a good income each
season. ilr. Hutton is a Republican in his part}-
affiliations and spends much tiine in the great out-
doors hunting and fishing when opportunity affords.
He has always been interested in the growth and
prosperity of Santa Clara Count\' and especially in
Sarato.ga and vicinity, and aids in ]irogressive move-
ments looking to the upbuilding of the comniunit>'
which has so long been his home.

RICHARD GALLAGHER.— Widely known as a
highly respected citizen of Santa Clara County, Rich-
ard Gallagher is among the prominent pioneer farm-
ers of the valley, contributing much to the growth
and prosperity of his native county and state.
He was born in Santa Clara County, .August
10. 1863, the son of Andrew Thomas and Maria
Remonda (Martin) Gallagher, the former a native
of New York and the latter of Scotch descent. An-
drew Thomas Gallagher was the son of Andrew-
Thomas Gallagher, a native of Ireland, but came
to America more than a century a,go. The boy-
hood of Andrew Thomas was spent in New York
where he was educated and where he learned the
trade of tailor. During the j'ear of 1848. he em-
barked on the steamer John VV. Cater, for a voy-
age around Cape Horn to California. Arriving in
San Francisco on the 14th day of March. 1849,
he soon made a purchase of the launch Mary and
Catherine. After making a few trips to Sonoma,
he sold the vessel and entered the mines in Tu-
olumne County, I)ut only remained there for a few-
months, w-hen he be,gan learning betw-ecn .Alviso and
Santa Clara, at the saine time transporting frei,ght
between San Francisco and Alviso. Iiaving pur-
chased the schooner Catherine Miller, using her in
this trade, and a part of the time commanded the
vessel himself. He spent some tv-o years in this
line of w-ork, and then made a complete change,
taking a clerkship in one of the warehouses in
Alviso. Meantime he had purchased a half-section
of land in the Alviso district and devoted it to the
raising of hay and grain; later forty acres were
planted to orchard. He also excelled in the culti-
vation of strawberries, raspberries and blackberries.

having at one time some thirty-six acres devoted
to the raising of small fruits. The mother was the
daughter of John and Vaclecia Uernal (Ortega) Mar-
tin, her father, a native of Scotland, coming to Cali-
fornia in 1829 as shi|)'s carpenter in the ICnglish
na\al service. Mr. and Mrs. Gallagher were the
parents of ele\-cn children, five of whom are now
living. Roth parents ha\-e passed away.

Richard Gallagher was educated in the public
schools of Santa Clara County, and during vaca-
tion time assisted his father on the ranch and thus
becanie well \-ersed in agrictilture, and he and his
brothers still farm tlie old homestead near yVlviso.

The marriage of Mr. (iailagber united him with
Miss lilizabeth Stelzer, and they dispense hospital-
ity at tlieir comfortable home at 146 South F'our-
teenth Street, San Jose. Politically, Mr. Gallagher
is a Republican, but locally gives his support to
progressive, constructive legislation, re,gardless of
party lines, supportin.g the best men and measures.

GRANVILLE L. SAVAGE.— An orchardist
whose life-story ul persistent, intelligent industr}-. is
Granville L. Sava.ge, who li\'es in Sunnvvale and
operates an orcharel one-half of a mile to the soutli
of said cit>-. Coming as a mere l)0\- to the C,olden
State, even as a l>oy he had a rich pioneer ex-
perience such as n-iany seeking ad\-enture might envy.
and w-hich others, wishin.g to know hfe as it really-
is, might desire. He was born at Ottan-a, III., on
March 29, 18,S5, the son of Captain William E. Sav-
a.ge, of liangor, Maine, who made many a trans-
atlantic tri]) from New York to Li\-erpool w-ith the
best steamers of his day. He married at Povidence.
R. I., Miss Elizabeth E. Kennedy, after which, w-ith
his wife, he migrated westward to Ottawa, 111., where
he took up farming. The v,-orthy couple had eight
children, among whom our subject is the fourth in
the order of birth and the third son.

\\'hen fi\e years old Granville acconii)aiiied his
father and two Ijrothers to California, leavin.g their
farm of 700 acres, and outfitting with mule-w-agons,
horses and cattle at Ottawa, from w-hich place they
set out. They had mule-wa.gons. also horses and
cattle, and joined a train made up of hf*y-six wagons,
'-aptaiued b\- William li. Savage. On their wa>- the\-
had several battles w-ith the Indians, but they pulled
up at Sacramenio at the end of a si.x months' jour-
ne_\-, in the early w-inter of 1859. I'hey remained
at Sacramento for a year, and then moved into San
Joaquin County, w-here the}- settled al)out two and
one-half miles from Lodi, and there Captain Sava.ge
became an extensive raiser of wheat. He also en-
gaged in freighting, owning and operating- m,-iny
teams in freighting, and he drove tliirt}'-two mules
on freight wa.gons all throu.gh the mining countr}-.

Meanw-hile Granville attended the school in the
Houston district until he was fifteen, when he left
off studying and w-ent to San Francisco for his first
tussle with the bus}- w-orld. He obtained a job as
clerk in Bo\\-en Bros, grocery store on Pine Street,
w-here he worked from six a.m. until five p.m., and
then he attended evenin.g school until ten o'clock at
night. In addition, he took a couple of hours of
lessons on Suiukn-s. Then he entered the service of
a San Francisco commission house, handling general
produce, and at ti.e end of two years, he became a
commercial drummer, tra\-eling up and down the

516 H [STORY OF SANTA CLAKA COUNTY

coast, and at times representing as many as hve dif- in every state of the Union, Europe, Canada and
ferent wholesale houses. He worked very hard, at- Alaska. He is the orchardist member of the San
tending strictly to business, and saved his earnings, h'rancisco Rotary- Club from Sunnyvale, and is al-
and he made as much as $12,000 per year. Naturally ways read>' to Ijoost and make a concerted pull for
gifted as a salesman, Mr. Savage had no difficulty in Sunnyvale anrl California.

entertaining his patrons with stories from actual ,,„„ ^ . „,,„„^ ,„ „ „„

life. In crossing the plains, for example, the enn- ^RS. CATHERINE F BRATTAN.-Smce the

. r 1 »i T r t 1 u t-1 1 t entrance of women mto the active civic life of the

grants found the Indians not only hostile, Iiut very . . >. .^^ ui mc

artful. Their game was to stampede the trams, and

community during the past generation, so gradually

^, ^ , , ^ , ^1 i.i u 1 1 ^'icl naturallv have thev worked to bring about

then to rob and steal the cattle, hor.ses, mules and , ■ i " i- ^i "^ i i ■

,-, ^ . ^. 1 ^ ^1 mucli-nccned retorms, that only bv comparison with

wagons. Captain lavage was equal to the emer- ., , . , r ^T r i ■ ■

, , , , another dav can one judge of the forward strides

gencv, however, he en,gaged two trappers, who ,i ,. u i' i ir • u - >u- * ■ ^i

? - , , ' . ^. , , 1 that have been made. Especially is this true in the

formed the ^yagons mto circles, when the emergency ,„„,,i,„,, ^f ,^,,5 t^^t come under the jurisdiction

arose, kept them moving, and thus stood off the In- ^f j,^^ ^^^^^^^^ particularly where the lives and fu-

dians and saved the tram. Atter the battles they j^,^^,^ ^f ^.Q^,„g ^^^^^^ ^^^ concerned. Numbered

tound that several Indians had .gone to more distant among San lose's public-spirited women whose in-

huntmg grounds. Getting established m the Golden jerests are ever on the side of the community's

State, Mr. Savage saw the completion of the Central welfare is Mrs. Catherine F. Brattan, who has been

Pacific Railway, now the Southern Pacific Railroad, connected with the probation work of Santa Clara

from Stockton to Sacramento, with all the interesting County since its inception.

incidents growing out of the .great, momentous un- Catherine F. O'Donnell, as she was known m maid-
dertaking. He made his first trip to San Jose with ^,„hood, was born m Northern Pennsylvania, the
his father m 1862, and he was at Gilroy m FShS, at slaughter of Thomas and Margaret (McCarton)
the time of the earthquake. (rDonnell. She was educated in the public schools
After an e.xperieiice of ten years as a traveling of her native state and Ovid Academy, N. Y. Cora-
salesman. Mr. S.ivage went to New York City in ing to California in about 1886, she entered the Sac-
1890, and commenced the manufacture of brass goods ramento Business College, where she was graduated,
such as valves, faucets, etc., and these he shipped to after which she continued with the institution as a
all parts of the United States, Canada, Europe and teacher and then served as a court reporter. In
South Africa. He succeeded so well that he became Sacramento she became the wife of G, J. Brattan, a
well-to-do, but his health broke down, and his life native of England. During the year of 1895, Mrs.
was even despaired of. Then he acted on the reso- Brattan came to San Jose where Mr. Brattan was
lution to come back to California, and once more in associated in business with the Globe Carriage Works
this salubrious climate, he bought a twentv-acre ^"i'^' "'^'^ t'^'-'^ engaged for thirteen years. During this

orchard devoted to the .growin.g of prunes, peaclies

time Mrs. Brattan did much volunteer social serv-

and walnuts, which is under a high state of cultiva- '^'•-' '''''''^ ^"^^ particularly in the line of chddren s

tion. There he leads the outdoor life, and applies "''-'"='■''-■ "O'''^- ^his brought her into prommence,

the same intelligence and energv to the management ^° t'^^^' "'l^^'" '•^'t' P'-°'^^t:°" commissiott for the conn-

,- 1 ■ 1 1 ii 1 I f 1" 1 ■ 1 ■ ' tv was named by the judge of the Superior Court

of his orchard that he formerlv sjient in his manu- ■; . , it imA 1

,- , ■ . ■ T_T 1 ' ■ 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 she was appointed a member. In IvlU she was ap-

tacturing enterprises. He has regained his health, , , ' , , „- , . ,1 , 1

,1 , » ■ n 1 1 r 11 1 ■ ,-r i.)oiiited probation officer and since then has served

and has been materiall\- rewarded tor all his clforls. . , ,,, • i , , ^, iz ^

,-, . . ^' , . „ . -__ , continuously. She is probablv the first woman pro-
^ At It. Arenas, in Mendocino County, m 187/, Mr, .^^^j^,^ ^^^,^.^ -^^ California and has served under six
Savage was married to Miss Emma \ , Antrim, a -^„,i^,.^ u j^ a difficult matter to estimate the
native ot Healdsbur.g, and a charming, gifted woman, amount of good she has accomplished along these
and their union has been blessed with the birth of |j„^,^. i.,^,^ jove for the work and the interest she
three children, one of whom, Gertrude, grew to takes in the welfare of the children who come un-
maturity. She graduated from the high school in ,1^,^ her sujiervision has borne good fruit and her
New "iVjrk City, then attended the Horace Mann influence and efforts for the betterment of mankind
School, and afterward jiursued the courses of the places her to the front as a county official. Since
Pratt Institute at Brookl\-n and tlie Art Institute in h^^ apjiointment no less than 5000 children and 300
Chicago, and also the Hopkins Art School at San adults have passed through the court and all the
Francisco. During the World War Mr. Savage children have been made better by having known
served on the Federal Grand Jury for the Eastern her for she takes great jov in the work of help-
District of New York from January 6 to May 8, ing the unfortunate catch a vision of the higher plane
1918, and assisted in investi.gating several noted bomb of living.

])lots, and indicting various spies and the criminals ^^l^ and Mrs. Brattan are the parents of one son,
involved in blowing up the Welland Canal, or at loseph G., a graduate of St. Joseph's high school;
least trying to destroy that watciuay. hroiu youth h^^. ^]^^ attended Stanford for a time, Santa Clara
to manhood insjiired with i.aiiiotic zeal, Mr. Savage College and the University of California agricultural
has ne\er shirked the duty of a cUlzeii having confi- school at Davis, and is now a rancher and packer
dence in the future and being ambitious of seeing in Chico, Mrs. Brattan is well fitted by training
the land or locality of his choice come, and come and temperament for this important post, and has
siieedily and richl>-, to its own. been the means of accomplishing untold good. While
It is a matter of congratulation to Sunnyvale that deeply interested in her work, she is public spirit-
Mr, Savage selecterl that favored sjiot for his resi- ed in all that concerns the upbuilding of the coni-
dence, after his extensive business ex|>erience and muiiity and ever ready to lend a helping hand. She
v,'ide travels. He has seen and transacted business is a regular communicant of St. Joseph's Church.

^.^:zi:Jhyu^ C7? y^u^z^^

iH-c-c^

HISTORY OF SAN'IW Ci,.\k.\ COUNTS'

510

NILS JOHNSON— A public-spirited citizen of
San Joso who dates liis residence in Santa Clara
Connty since 1879 is Nils Johnson. He was born
on the southern coast of Sweden, near Engeliiolm,
Skane, on April 6, 1860, and is the eldest son of
Johannes Swenson and Christina Johanson, both na-
tives of the same place, who were successful farmers.
In younger days the father was a ship carpenter and
a cabinet maker.

Nils Johnson received his education in the public
schools of his native land, and at the a^e of fourteen
was confirmed in the Lutheran Church. He continued
working in the farm for his maternal grandfather
\nitil nineteen, and in 1879 started out to make
his own way in the world and set sail for America,
the Mecca of his ambitions. Upon his arrival he made
his way to San Jose, California, where he located.
He immediately went to the ranch of his Uncle Nils,
and was employed there for a short time; then he
removed to Bisbee, Ariz., and spent two and a half
years in the mines. This was in early days when
things were wild and woolly. Then he made his way
to Socorro County, N. ^I., engaging in prospecting,
but did not find any pay streak. When his money was
gone he returned to Bisbee and continued working
in the mines two years, and then returned to San
Jose. He then started then in the hotel business.

In 1893 Mr. Johnson was married to Miss Hilma
L. Peterson, also a native of Sweden, who had come
to San Francisco with her sister. }ilr. Johnson then
continued in the hotel business in San Jose, operat-
ing the Scandinavia Exchange on Post Street for
three years. Mr, and Mrs, Johnson were the parents
of five children; Hilding is an ex-service man, serv-
ing overseas in the World War; Helen is the wife of
Charles Kelley, and they reside in San Jose; Nar-
rine is the wife of Charles J. Freedman, of Palo Alto;
Eben Bertel served in the California National Guard
on the ^Mexican border and now resides in San Jose;
George is deceased. Mrs. Johnson passed awav Sep-
tember 26, 1900.

Soon after arriving in America, Mr. Johnson com-
pleted his citizenship and his loyalty to his adopted
country is a matter of pride to him. For over thirty-
five years Mr. Johnson has been a member of the
Odd Fellows, being initiated in Bisbee, Ariz. He is
now a member of Observatory Lodge L O. O. F.,
San Jose, and his political affiliations are of the Re-
publican platform. He owns valuable real estate on
the Almaden Road and is now living retired from
active life on this ranch. He is planning still more
improvements and will build additional houses to rent.
Living retired as he does now, he can look back upon
a clean, industrious, well-spent life, and whenever or
wherever possible has given his aid toward the pro-
gress and building up of his localit\-.

WALTER L. BACHRODT.— Active among the
educators of California fortunate in an excellent record
in the past and now giving the greatest promise for
the future may well be numbered Walter L. Bachrodt,
the newly-appointed superintendent of schools of
San Jose. A native of the great Hawkeye State,
Walter Bachrodt was born at Des Moines on April
22, 1890, the son of H. C. Bachrodt, a substantial
merchant and assistant postmaster at Des Moines,
v.-ho died when our subject was a mere boy. Four
children made up the family, and three are still liv-
ing; the others being a sister, Frances, who has be-

come the wife of Fred IJoerr, dealer in electrical
supplies at San Jose, and a brother, A. L. Bachrodt,
who resides in Nevada, where he is the manager
of the I'ilt Mill & Elevator Company.

On Washington's Birthday, 1892, Mr. Bachrodt
came to San Jose with his mother, and there at-
tended the Lowell Grammar School; and later he
entered the San Jose high school, from which he
graduated in 1907. His next four years were spent
in Nevada, \vliere he worked for both the South-
ern Pacific Railroad Company and the Verdi Lum-
ber Company; and on returning to San Jose he
entered the Normal School in 1911, and was grad-
uated with honors from that excellent institution in
lyl3. For five years he A\as a teacher in Fresno
County, and during that time he liecame principal
of the Oleander School.

In 1918, Mr. Bachrodt, responding to naturally
patriotic sentiments, enlisted from E'resno County
for service in the World War in defense of his
country; and he was made sergeant of Company G..
Thirteenth Ammunition Corps, and in February, 1919,
he was honorably discharged.

Once more enabled to take up the occupations of
peace, Mr. Bachrodt entered Stanford University,
where be majored in pedagogy and followed educa-
tional courses; and in December, 1920, he was
granted the Bachelor of Arts degree, and the following
>'ear was made a Master of Arts. His standing en-
titled him to Phi Bata Kappa, and he was also made
a Teaching Fellow of Stanford University. On
May 24, 1921, Mr. Bachrodt was appointed superin-
tendent of the city schools at San Jose and his juris-
diction extends over the nine elementary and the one
high school in the city. In national political affairs
an independent. Mr. Bachrodt is essentially non-
partisan when it comes to supporting heartily the
best local measures and men.

In August, 1916, at Fresno, ^Ir. Bachrodt was
married to Miss Edna M. Clark, of Fresno, who
is, with him, a member of the Congregational Church.
He belongs to the Blue Lodge No. 10, F. & A. I»I..
of San Jose, and he is also a member of Selma
Chapter No. 119, R. A. M., at Fresno. Mr. Bach-
rodt's grandfather died from wounds received while
he was a soldier in the Mexican War, and he keeps
up his military associations by membership in the
American Legion. He is a man of tine presence, a
winning personality, and will not fail to carry on to
high attainment the far-reaching work in which he is
so successfully engaged.

GEORGE A. LEVIN.— Among the successful
dairy farmers of the Mountain A'iew district is George
A. Levin, who owns sixty-one acres on the Charles-
ton road two and a half miles north of Mountain
View. A native son of California, he was born
March 19, 1882, the son of Joel and Mary Elizabeth
(Swall) Levin, early settlers of Mountain View. The
name was originally spelled Le Vine, but several
generations ago was changed to Levin. Joel Levin
was born in 1824 in Calhoun County. 111., the second
child and only son in a family of eight children.
The paternal grandfather. George Levin, was a native
of Germany and immigrated to the United States
at an earlv age. and engaged in farming pursuits
in Calhoun County. 111. In 1852, Joel Levin was
induced to remove to California, and the start was
made on May 7. overland with ox teams, and the
following .\ugust the party arrived in California.

520

HISTORY OF SANTA CJ.ARA COUNTY

(Jii account of liis health, he removed to Santa
Clara County and engaged in farming pursuits and
within two years was able to save enough to pur-
chase the land which he had previously rented. His
marriage occurred in ilayfield, California, and united
him "with Miss Mary Elizabeth Swall, who was bora
in Illinois, and she passed away in 1901. There were
four children in the family, Anna, Ulysses, Mamie
and George, the subject of this review.

George A. attended the Whisman grammar school,
and later the San Jose Business College. He helped
his father on the large ranch, which contained half a
section, but since the father's death has been divided
up among the heirs. His marriage occurred Sep-
tember 6, 1904, and united him with Miss Anita
Kifer, and they have one child, Shelby. Mr. Levin
is the daughter of Shelby and Isabella (Smith) Kifer,
the father born in Kentucky and the mother a native
of Nova Scotia. In 1853 Shelby Kifer came over-
land with his parents to California and as two of
his sons had preceded him to the Golden State, he
made his home with them for a while, but afterward
located on the Murphy ranch, later settling on a
farm of seventy-five acres, two and a half miles
south of Mountain View. Mr. and Mrs. Kifer were
the parents of bve children. The Kifer Road, in
Santa Clara County, was named after this early
and esteemed pioneer.

Mr. Levin has 100 head of cattle on his ranch,
with fifty-four milch cows, and has a lucrative and
growing business. A conscientious Republican, he
casts his vote for the candidates selected by that
part>-. He and his family are popular residents
of the Whisman district and have the esteem and
confidence of the entire community.

CORNELIUS Y. PITMAN.— All who have had
to do with the assessor of Santa Clara County and
have come to be familiar with the almost perfect
organization of that office at San Jose, will realize
to what an extent Cornelius V. Pitman, the present
incumbent, has contributed toward the enviable repu-
tation enjoyed by California as a model state for the
transaction of public business. This gentleman was
born in Santa Clara County on June 16, 1859, the
son of Andrew Jackson Pitman, an American pos-
sibly of English extraction. He first came to Cali-
fornia by way of the Horn in 1848, and settled at
Mar3'sville in the '50s, havuig previously been mar-
ried in the East to Miss Armenia Lewis, whose
forebears came to .'\merica with the French Hugue-
nots. Mr. Pitman was a farmer, and followed
agricultural pursuits all his life. They had seven
children, six boys and a girl, and our subject is the
third of the six still living. He attended the local
IHiblic schools in Santa Clara County, and then pur-
sued an excellent course at a business college in
San Francisco, after which he embarked with his
father in the milk business; and having spent his
early years on the home farm, he did not find it
difficult to make a success of the enterprise. Next
he took a position as purser on a steamboat plying
between San Francisco and Alviso, and so enjoyed
a change from his land experience.

In 1914 Mr. Pitman was elected, on the Demo-
cratic ticket, assessor of Santa Clara County, and
from the first it was evident that he could not fail
to make good. The truth is that, by his conscien-
tious application to duty and his interest in and de-

sire to help all having occasion to communicate with
his bureau, Mr. Pitman gave such satisfaction that
he was reelected to the responsible post and is now
serving his second term. He has made numerous
improvements in the matter of up-to-date, economic
methods; and being a good student on conditions
pertaining to his field, he is in the best position to
render the public the most efficient yet saving service.
At Alviso Mr. Pitman was married to Miss Nellie
Martin, the daughter of Captain John Martin of Al-
viso, one of the early pioneers; and having come of
such excellent American stock, Mrs. Pitman has
proven of great aid to her husband. Two children
blessed this union — Daphne E. is now Mrs. D. En-
triken of San Jose, and she is a graduate of San Jose
high and the State Normal; Hayden, who graduated
from the San Jose high school, and a student at
Santa Clara LTniversity, enlisted as an officer when
he was only eighteen years of age and served for
three months in the World War, The family have
always been Presbyterians. Mr. Pitman is an Elk,
and proud of his birth in the Golden State he also
belongs to the Native Sons of the Golden West.

CHARLES DOERR. — A highly-esteemed citizen
of San Jose who, after a strenuous, successful and
most useful life, has been able to retire in comfort,
is Charles Doerr, a native of Hesse- Darmstadt, Ger-
many, where he was born on February 2, 1840. He
attended the schools of his city, and when eighteen
years of age he left home, to fight his way alone
in the world. Depending solely upon himself, he
gradually rose to affluence and independence — a
splendid example of what a young man handicapped
in various ways may do when blessed with courage
and determination.

The city of Baltimore was the landing place of
our subject, the day before Christmas in 1858, and
there Charles remained for one year, during which
time he learned the bakery trade. In 1860. he
came to San Jose, and for three years worked as a
liaker for his brother, Philip Doerr, who came here
in 1853; and then, in almost the same location where
he later conducted for years the New York Bak-
ery, he established himself in business. He came
to know just what folks wanted, and he took the
trouble not merely to give they what they asked for,
but to anticipate their needs; and so he grew in
popularity, and his modest business expanded until
he retired in 1915.

In San Jose on March 13, 1870, Mr. Doerr was
married to Miss Minna Bertlesman, also a native
of (iermany. and their union was made happier by
the birth of four worthy children, all sons — the late
Henry C. Doerr and Carl, who died in infancy,
and Frederic and Louis Doerr. Mr. Doerr belonged
to the San Jose Turn Verein. and he is also a mem-
ber of the Independent Order of Red Men, and a
charter member of the Germania Verein. He was a
Democrat in politics but for several years has been
independent, voting for the best men and measures.
He served in the city council 1895-96.

Progressive and public-spirited to a commendable
degree, Mr. Doerr has done good work in the Cham-
ber of Commerce, and he also served in the Fire
Department for ten years, so that he is now an
exempt fireman. San Jose cannot fail to feel very
kindly toward this estimable pioneer couple, Mr.
and Mrs. Doerr. and this esteem and good will flow

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNT^'

523

very naturally toward thoir family. Mrs. Docrr
pa.-ised away at the family home on August 10,
1920, aged seventy-two years. They had lived to
eelebrate their golden wedding anniversary before
she was ealled to her final rest.

ANTON SAICH.— Through industry and a natural
intuition to foresee the progress that Santa Clara
County was destined to make, Anton Saich. by buy-
ing and improving orehards at the opportune time,
has been very successful and thus he has become in-
dependent financially and a man of influence. Born
October 11, I860, he is a native of Golubinica, Dal-
matia, the son of Anton and Mary (Auticevich) Saich.
The senior Saich was occupied with farming, and was
a seafaring man, making trips on sailing vessels to
ditferent portions of the world. The family consisted
of three children. John, Peter, and Anton, the subject
of this sketch. Anton attended school in his native
town and worked on farms at home until he was
twenty-five years old, then in July, 1889, he came to
Philadelphia and immediately came to California.
He worked in San Francisco in the hotel business for
one year, but that kind of work was not to his liking,
so he again took up farm work. For about one year
he worked on ranches near Watsonville and Capi-
tola; then came to Santa Clara County and settled
near Cupertino, working for wages for a time; then
in 1900 he bought twenty-two and a half acres, all
set to prunes, on the Stevens Creek Road. From
time to time he has purchased additional acreage
until he now owns 110 acres of fine orchard, set to
prunes, peaches, apricots, cherries and grapes. His
ranch is well equipped with wells for irrigating and
the water is piped to all parts of the ranch. He has
rebuilt his house and farm buildings and all are now
in fine shape; he has pulled out and reset about
forty-five acres, so it is now one of the valuable or-
chards in the district.

For many years Mr. Saich was engaged in buying
and drying fruit, which he sold to packers, while he
was also engaged in shipping cherries to the eastern
markets. However, about three years ago he found
the management of his large ranch and the curing
and sale of the fruit on his place occupied all of his
time, and he discontinued the business of fruit buyer
to devote all his time to his own place. Mr. Saich
was first married in Santa Clara in 1901, being united
with Miss Annie Kucer, a daughter of Steve and
Kate fKristicevich ) Kucer; the father, a contractor
and builder in Dalmatia, was accidentally killed by
a fall while working on a building. She was born
near Mr. Saich's native place and came to Santa
Clara with her brother. Their union, however, was
broken by her passing away, August S, 1902, leaving
him her infant son, born thirty-five days before his
bereavement, whom they had named Anton, Jr., and
whom the father tenderly cared for and reared, and
he is now his father's right-hand man and able as-
sistant in his horticultural enterprise.

Mr. Saich some time afterwards married a second
time, to Miss Teresa Brajenvich, who was born in
the same vicinity as her husband, a daughter of John
and Frances Brajenvich, the father being a farmer in
his native Dalmatia. By his second marriage Mr.
Saich has four children, Mary, Frances, Anna and
John, all under the parental roof, dutiful and obedient
children, a credit to their parents. A believer in pro-
tection for Americans and proud of being a natural-

ized citizen of his adopted country, Mr. Saich is a
stanch Republican. A substantial and successful man,
he is enterprising and liberal and can be counted on
for support to worthy movements and progressive
measures that have for their aim the upbuilding
and improving of the county and enhancing the com-
fort and happiness of its people.

JAMES SUMNER McGINNIS.— An attorney of
San Jose wdiose career as a successful practitioner
is of exceptional interest is James Sumner McGinnis,
who was horn in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, on
October 31, 1863. His father, John F. McGinnis,
a native of Pennsylvania and a farmer there, had
married Miss Susannah Dotts, also born in that
state. When James S. was six years old his parents
removed to Lucas County, Iowa, and there the mother
passed away in 1871. John F. McGinnis served in
the One Hundred Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteer In-
fantr\- during the Civil War and was prominent in
the ranks of the G. A. R. in Iowa, where he engaged
in farming until his death in 1895. Besides James S.,
the eldest of the family, Mr. and Mrs. McGinnis
were the parents of a daughter, Minerva, who became
the wife of Clem T. Smith and now resides at Steam-
boat Springs, Colorado.

In the pursuit of an education. James S. McGinnis
attended the public schools of his locality and later
studied at Western College, at Toledo, Tama County,
Iowa, and when he was well etjuipped for such work
he taught school, and also farmed for a couple of
years. In 1886 he entered the office of McMillan and
Kindall at Onawa, Iowa, where he studied law, and
four years later, in Nebraska, he was admitted to
the bar, having removed to that state a short time
before. Being ambitious, he had acquired much
facility in the vise of shorthand entirely through his
own study, wdiile attending school, so that wdien he
began the study of law he found it very helpful to
him. After practising a short time in Nebraska, he
came to California in 1891, and a few months later
he located in San Jose, where he established himself
in the legal profession, in which he has made such
a success, enjoying a large clientele and a highly
lucrative practice. Not being an office seeker, he
has devoted all his energies to the interests of his
growing body of clients, with consequent satisfaction
to all desirous of unselfish, watchful service.

.\t Santa Cruz, on September 1, 1891, Mr. Jvtc-
Ginnis was married to Miss Edith Forrest of that
city, an accomplished and charming lady, and they
have had two children, Viola Forrest, a graduate
nurse of St. Francis Hospital, San Francisco, where
she now holds a responsible institutional position,
and Sumner D. McGinnis, a student at Stanford
University. The quiet of domestic life and the pleas-
ures of gardening have alway attracted Mr. Mc-
Ginnis; and when wishing a change, he has found it
in the mountains, along the streams, or in the circles
of the Masons, the Knights of Pythias, and other
societies. He is a Master Mason and has belonged
to the Knights of Pythias for thirty-six years. A
Republican in his preference for national party plat-
forms, he is independent in his devotion to the in-
terests of his adopted state. During the American
participation in the World War, the president of the
County Bar Association, of which Mr. McGinnis is
a member, appointed him to assist drafted soldiers
in preparing their questionnaires, and he gave much
of his time in fulfilling this patriotic service.

524

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

DE PHONZO GIBSON PAUL.— Among the old
settlers of Santa Clara County whose industry and
business judgment have aided in the community's
progress, is De Phonzo G. Paul, who resides at the
old family homestead in San Jose, established over
thirty years ago. Born in Delavan, Wis., October
24, 1856, he is a son of Sylvanus S. and Sophia
(Gibson) Paul. Sylvanus S. Paul came to Califor-
nia in 1881, settling at Berryessa, where he pur-
chased land and planted to apricots and prunes. He
was born near Rochester, Monroe County, N. Y.,
March 4, 1828, the ancestors coming to America in
colonial days and members of the family served in
the Revolutionary struggle. The Paul family came
from Scotland to the U. S,: John Paul Jones, the
founder of the American Navy, was from the same
family as history tells how John Paul's name was
changed to John Paul Jones after he came from
Scotland to Virginia. Sylvanus S. Paul was reared
on a farm, and educated in the public schools. When
but nineteen years of age, he started in life for him-
self, and located in Walworth County, Wis., upon
land which his father had purchased and given to
him. For a number of years he followed the occu-
pation of farming, and by industry and good man-
agement succeeded in his undertaking. In 1853,
while on a visit to Ohio, he met and married Miss
Sophia Gibson, the daugliter of Prof. John Gibson
and Sarah (Cushman) Gibson, natives of Massa-
chusettes. Professor Gibson was a prominent mu-
sician and composer and Sophia Gibson was a tal-
ented vocalist and a well-known lyric soprano, and
with her sister, George Baker and others, traveled,
giving concerts throughout the eastern cities. Hav-
ing a pleasing personality and a beautiful voice, she
gave much pleasure to her audiences. Two sons
were born to her union with \lv. Paul, De Phonzo
C,. alone growing to maturity. Mrs. Paul passed away
April 4. 1860. The second marriage of Mr. Paul
occurred in 1862, uniting him with Miss Elizabeth
Green, a native of New York. In 1881, Mr. Paul
leased his AVisconsin farm and made a visit to
California, and was so ^^■ell pleased with the coun-
try that upon his return to \A'isconsin he sold
most of his interests and returned to the Santa
Clara \'alley and purchased the home which is now
the residence of his son, De Phonzo Cr. Paul. He
was a consistent member of the Baptist Church and
fraternally a Mason. In his political views, he was
a strong Republican. He passed away at the fam-
ily home December 12, 1896, and Mrs. Paul died
in 1914. A sister of Sylvanus S. Paul, Charlotte Paul,
became the wife of Henry G. Smith and they had
six children, the ne.xt to the youngest of these is
Frank Smith, known as "Borax Smith" of Oakland.
Frank (ISora.x) Smith and De Phonzo G. Paul have
been warm friends since tlieir Ijoyhood.

De I'lionzo G. Paul received his education in tlie
public schools in Dela\an and Janesville, Wis., sup-
plementing «ith a commercial course in Fellows and
Kings Commercial College in Janesville. He later,
in 1878, removed to Nevada and was employed in a
general merchandise store. While a resident of Mari-
etta, Esmeralda County, Nev., he served as post-
master and also as mining recorder and notary pub-
lic; he was also telegraph operator and express agent
on the California and Nevada line of railroad. He
removed to San Jose in 1880, but only remained for
a year, removing to the Eivermore Valley, he en-
gaged in the grape industry, owning the Banner

A'ineyard, named so because it was the banner vine-

yard of the Eivermore Valley. He sold out his
holdings m 1891 and spent one year in San Jose
Removmg to Fresno January, 1893, he purchased
land near Fowler, which he improved to orchard
and vineyard and was engaged in raising fruit and
graiies, owning two ranches. He was one of the char-
ter members of the first raisin growers' association
and continued to give his support to each successive
attempt, until the present successful California Raisin
Growers' Association, He finally sold his ranches
and located in Fresno where he engaged in general
contracting for several years. In 1905 he built the
canal for the Consolidated Canal Company, connect-
ing the Fowler switch and the Church system, build-
ing a canal through solid rock 13% feet deep, thus
connecting the two big irrigation systems of the
county. When he sold this business, he purchased
a ranch of 240 acres near Turlock, which he im-
liroved to alfalfa and engaged in dairying. In 1914
-Mr. I'aul removed with his family to the old home
place in San Jose from Fresno and made this his
home. Lately he traded his Turlock ranch for an
apartment house located at Eighth and Grove streets,
Oakland, which brings him a fine income; he also
owns a 325-acre ranch at El Nido near the San
Joarjuin River in Merced County. Here he sunk wells
and installed two pumping plants that are sufficient
to irrigate each one-quarter section on each place.
Air. Paul in his land deals has held property which
has liecome ver}^ valuable. The 160-acre piece twelve
miUs south of Tulare Lake, some years ago he
sold for a few liead of cattle; ten years later he
was through there and found the 160 acres worth
$2500 an acre, oil having been found on this prop-
erty. There are eight wells about five miles from
his present holdings and this may mean much to him.

The marriage of Mr. Paul occurred at Durham
Hill, \Vis., March 4, 1880, uniting him with Miss
Fva E. Tenney, a native of that place. Mrs. Paul's
lather, Samuel A. Tenney, was born in Monroe
County, N. Y., descended from the old Moss family
of Mayflower stock. He was a graduate of Lima
College, .\T. Y., and was married in Monroe County
to Lydia F. Lytic, a native of that countj', who also
traces her family back to the Mayflower and Pil-
grim Fathers. The ancestors on both the Tenney and
l.^'tle sides served in the Revolutionary war and
Grandfather Daniel Lytic was in the War of 1812,
enlisting when eighteen years old. Charles Foster,
ex-governor of Ohio and ex-secretary of the treas-
ury of the United States, is a cousin of Mrs. Paul,
Her parents came to Wisconsin, then known as the
Far West, in 1846 located near Waukesha where
they were pioneers, turning the first furrow in the
virgin soil on the farm and there thej' spent the
remainder of their days. They had five children,
three of whom are living. Mrs. Paul is the oldest
of these and was educated at Carroll College, Wau-
kesha, Wis., and \vas engaged in teaching for two
years. The young people had become acquainted
liefore Mr. Paul moved to Nevada and the friend-
ship resulted in their marriage.

Five children have been born of this union: AVal-
ter, a realtor of Fresno, is married and the parent
of two children; Frank A., a farmer, residing at El
Nido, Merced County, has three children; Elizabeth,
now Mrs. Leonard Boot, of Orland, Cal., is the moth-
er of four children; Lloyd A. is married and resides
on his father's ranch near Kl Nido. He entered the
service of the U. S. ,\rmy, enlisting with the Three
Hundred Sixty-fourth Infantry of the Ninety-first

/2.

HISTCM^^Y OF SANTA C1,AKA CoLlNTV 525

Division, Compan\ M, wiiU overseas and saw serv- Monroe, a stiuknt at Seak .\ca(li my. After ,L;ra(l\i-

ice in the Argonne, sutferin.u ,L:reat hardsliips and atin^ from I'.ates Collij^'e, iJoelor kjiiery uceepted

privations; Ktliel Marion is a .yr.idnate of the San a position as te.acher m the lioston katin School,

Jose hiijh school, now takin.u a conimereial eonrse. founded in I(),i5, uhik' Harvard University was

and makes Iter home with her parents. Mr, and \trs, founded ni iP.iO, makiuK the Boston Latin School

I'aul arc active memhors of the First Christian ihe oklest school in America with a continuous his-

Uuirch in San Jose, l,olh serving on the official tory. iJoclcn- Kmerv «as master in tins school for

board, l-ohtically they are staunch Prohibitionists fifteen years and rose to be head of the department

and Republicans. Mr. Paul ijiives much of the ^,|- matbeniatics

credit for his success to his devoted wife, who has ii„„4„, j: ■ , i .- i - , tt , r, ,

, , ■ 111 t • i- 1 ■ • Uoctor k,nier\' is the kjiiiu er o he H.arvard Sehoo

been his rcadv helpmate, assisting him m every way, ,\i r. > ( r' \ i -ii , ii.iLvai.i winuui

alwavs encouraging him in his ambition and carrying <^^\"t'"">' ^'' .'^°' -^''«^- "" '"' ';'°'"-' °' "'" ''^"°^

her "share of the burden. Mr. and Mrs. Paul have "'■''"-'' ,^''" '" ''^"*^' "''^■" ^^'•~' '•"'i^''' °* '^^ founder

trivcn much attention to the rearing and education '"punted the stage-coach in Maine, and finally

of their children, believing that higher education is reached California around Cape Tlorn, to mine for

the foundation for the nation's progress and welfare, «"'''■ '^"^ ''^' '''''"'-^ '" *lie wonderful possibilities and

beauties of the state for tin' pleasure and enchant-

GRENVILLE C. EMERY, A.B„ Litt.D.— The ment of his family on his return to the East two

teaching profession has ever attracted to itself the years later. The cornerstone was laid in 19(10, The

leading men of every age and generation, and will founder, cherishing and treasuring up this boyhood

doubtless continue to do so. The splendid oiipor- knowledge, had come at last from the oldest and

tunities offered for men of unusual capabilities, and mo.^t renowned school in the Tnited States, the fa-

the ever-increasing need for men of superior ability mous Boston Latin School, to build up in Los An-

and strength of purpose, make this field one of un- .i^a-les a school wdiich might have the right to claim,

usual interest and opportunities. Among the most in general, not only equality with the old school, but

prominent educators of the secondary schools in the also, perhaps, in many things, siiperiorit_\-. Its motto,

state of California must be mentioned the name of carved on the proscenium arch of the iiandsome as-

Crenville C, Emery, the headmaster and proprietor sembly hall, which is. as it were, the heart of the

of the Scale Academ\' (Military), located at Palo Harvard School, is:

Alto, Doctor Emery is also the headmaster emeritu.s "To thine own self be true,

of the Harvard School (Military) of Los Angeles, And it must follow, as the night the day,

Cal, of vhich he is the founder. In collaboration Thou canst not then lie false to any man,"

with William F, Bradbury, headmaster of the Cam- In the words of Doctor Emer},' are found the true

bridge Latin School, he edited a series of algebras aim of the founder: "jMy aim was to found a decent

which are still used, not only in Boston schools, but school. I like that word 'decent': it means a great

in many other important educational centers of the deal and is a favorite adjective of President Roose-

East. also in tiie Harvard School of Los Angeles, and velt." The Harvard School is intended to fit boys

in the Scale Academy. for college, for technical school, and for business

He was born in Ripley, Alaine, July 19, 1843, a careers. Its legal name is "The Harvard School

son of John G. Emery, of English descent and of Upon the Emery Foundation."

W-elsh extraction on his mother's side. His father During the year of 192(1 Doctor k'niery removed

married ^liss Mary Stanley- Jones, born in New to Palo Alto, under the eaves of Stanford Univer-

Hampshire, and was from prominent pre-Revolution- >ity, for the purpose of establishing the Seale Acad-

ary stock; he came around the Horn to California in eniy, a school of like aims and character as that of

1849, As early as 1847 he had constructed the rail- the Harvard School, The old Seale mansion and

road through Lewiston, }ilaine, and was a prominent estate, with its beautiful lawns, (piiet pathways and

and active business man. He returned to Maine avenues, and wealth of old trees and beautiful shrub-

from California and engaged in the mercantile busi- bery and flowers, was selected as a desirable site for

ne.^s; farming also engaged his attention, IMr, and the school. The buildings consist of Seale Hall,

Airs. Emery were the parents of four children, of Colonial Plall, Gymnasium Hall, the Chemical Build-

whom Grenville C. Emery is the youngest, and the in,g. and the Gymnasium proper. It is the policy of

only survivor. He began his education in the public the school to make physical training quite as thor-

schools of his native town; later attended the Corinna ou.gh as mental training. Of the fifteen-acre campus.

Pinion Academy, of which his father was a trustee; eight acres are a wooded park and the remaining

upon graduating from this institution he became one seven acres arc clear, and wholly .given over to the

of its teachers, and remained in that capacity for drill, the sports, and the games, the municipal suini-

several terms. He then became a student in the ming pool bein.g at an easy distance. All the games

Maine State Seminary; later attended Bates College and sports, and the drill, are tau.ght by competent

and received his degree from the latter institution. men. ^Military drill is the best form of exercise that

Doctor Emer^-'s first marriage united him with has been discovered, which can be practiced by the
Aliss Ella Pike, of Livermore Falls, Me,, and they whole school all the time with so much physical and
were the parents of seven children, of whom only all-round educational gain for each individual bo>-,
two are living. Laura J, Emery and Mrs, Ellen The Seale Academy has become an accredited
Emery Downing of Los Angeles. Cal, Airs, Emery sidiool, and its .graduates are admitted to the Univer-
passed away December 22, 1913. at Los Angeles, His sit_\' of California and to Stanford Llniverslt}.' without
second marriage occurred December 22, 1920. when examination upon the reconinicndation of the head-
he was united with Mrs, Katherine D, Monroe, nee master. The courses of study conlorm in all essen-
Dold, a native of Kentucky, born, reared and edu- tials to those of the best high and grammar school'^
cated in the schools of Louisville, She is the parent of the state. There is an enrollment of about fifty
of one son by her first marriage, Charles Mattison lads, and a bright and prosjicrons future is predicted

326

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

for the Sealc Academy, which is crcchtably iilHng a
long-felt need.

Doctor Emery is one of the ablest teachers of
mathematics in the secondary schools of the state,
as well as one of the best-known and most success-
ful instructors of l)0\-s in the country. Mrs. Emery
is an accomplished, cultured woman, who enters heart-
ily into the work of building up the school and occu-
pies the important position of treasurer. Doctor and
Mrs. Emery have expended much energy and a large
amount of money to increase the efficiency and in-
fluence of Sealc .Academy, and what is more, they
propose to give their lives to this work.

As a fittin,g close to this interesting biographical
sketch of this noted instructor are his own ^^■ords:
"Perhaps the most potent elements in our efforts for
the accomplishment of the training of boys is the
memory of our own boy «ho has passed beyond, but
whom we hoped to educate highly in all the essen-
tials which go to make up true manhood. Being de-
prived of this, we try to exercise just the same vig-
ilance and care in the education of our neighbor's
sons as we Iiarl hoiH'd to bestow upon our own flesh
and blood."

GEORGE S. RAWLINGS.— It is given to few
residents of California to have had a record of living
for more than iift,\-si.x years on the same piece of
land and to have actively engaged in its cultivation.
To George S. Rawlings belongs this honor, as since
1866 he has been on his present place on Pearl
Avenue, south of San Jose. He is a native of Clays-
ville. Harrison County, Ky,, and was born there
April 21, 1843, the son of Ashel and Jane (Snodgrass)
Rawlings, both natives of the Blue Grass tstate and
pioneers there. The father was a machinist and en-
gineer, and in 1853 the family removed to Quincy,
111., where both of the parents passed away. A
stanch defender of his country. Grandfather Rawlings
lost his life in the Indian War in 1812,

His parents havin.g both died by the time George
Rawlings had. reached liis eleventh year, most of his
education was .gained in the school of experience,
and at the a.ge of twelve he was plowing and working
in the corn fields. In 1863 he caine across the plains
to Ne\ada with mule teams, and during 1863-64 he
mined at Austin. He made a short visit to California
about this time and in the spring of 1866 he came by
stage to San Jose. On May 10, that year, he went
to work on the 190-acre ranch wdicrc he has since
lived, being emplo>'ed by its owner, John G. Roberts,
for five years. He was afterwards married to Mr.
Roberts' daughter, Florence Minerva Roberts, a
native daughter, and at the death of her father she
inherited one-third of the homestead.

Mr, and Mrs. Rawlings became the parents of five
children: John A., William E-, Georgia E., Norma
E., deceased, and -\dele F. Two grandchildren,
Jean and Muriel Rawlings, have brought joy to their
grandparents. For more than half a century a resi-
dent of this neighborhood, Mr. Rawlings has con-
tributed much to its development by his industry and
public-spiritedness and has seen the transformation
of the large fields of grain to very productive orchards,
and himself has aided in this work. He helped
organize Valley View vSchool district and served
three terms as a trustee. He also aided in getting
the paved highway on Almaden Road, and for twenty
years he has given his services as deputy assessor.

Politically he has alwaj's been an adherent of the
Democratic party.

JOHN JAMES DEVINK— Now living retired at
San Jose, is John James Devinc, an early pioneer
of northern California. He is descended from a line
of sturd}' Irish ancestors, and was born in Dublin,
Ireland, August 15, 1830, the son of Thomas and
Catherine (McCann) Devinc. His parents were
l)orn, reared, inarried and died in Ireland and their
last resting place is in Dublin, at Glass Nevin. His
education was received from the public schools of
Dublin. After leaving school, he entered the em-
ploy of a groceryman as clerk, remaining in that
capacity until he embarked for America. In April.
1851, Mr. Devine, set sail for America in a clipper
ship. "Racer," built at Baton Rouge, La., with 900
liasscngers on board. Upon his arrival in New York
Cit)', he worked steadil}' in one place seven years.
His brother, Pat Devine and himself, are the only
livin.g members of the Devine family. Pat Devine
was a seafaring man, encountering many hardships
on his voyages. On one trip to China, his vessel, the
"Racer," on which our subject came to -Ainerica, was
caught in a typhoon, the masts were broken, the
sails stripped to ribbons by the furious lashing of the
wind and waves.

ilr. Devine left New York City in 1859 on the
John, E. Stephens by way of Panama, arriving in
San Francisco with the small sum of sixty-five dol-
lars in .gold. He soon found employment clerking
in a grocery store, but soon became enthused with
the stories of the great wealth to be obtained in
the mines, so he went to Placerville. He remained
there but a short time when he went to Sacramento.
From Sacramento he journeyed to Folsom over the
first railroad built in California. From Folsom he
took the sta.ge to Placerville and on the day of his
arrival the first pony express came through, which
created a great deal of excitement. His mining
ventures did not prove very profitable, and he soon
was back in San Francisco; however, he was not
satisfied but removed to San Jose during the year
of 1860, and has continuously lived in this section
ever since. His natural industry led him to do any-
thing that he could find to do to earn an honest
living. He was employed on the rebuilding of the
famous Santa Clara Mission. By strict economy he
managed to save a sufficient amount of money to
open a .grocery store in San Jose, which business
continued until 1906. when he retired from active
business life, to enjoy the fruits of his years of toil,
which have brought him a competency that has
been well deserved.

The marriage of Mr. Devine occurred in San
Jose in 1862. uniting him with Miss Catherine Cork-
ery. born in Cork. Ireland. She came to America
about 1859 landing at New Orleans, but soon em-
barked for California. She passed away September
19, 1908, at the age of seventy-five years. Mr. and
Mrs. Devine \\ere the parents of nine children:
Mary, now the wife of T. O'Neill, a stonecutter who
resides in San Jose; Teressa, who lives with her
tather; yVgnes. the wife of C. Mensing. a grocery-
man of Santa Barbara: Catherine, a graduate of the
San Jose State Normal, is a teacher in the Lincoln
grammar school in San Jose; Elizabeth is the wife
of F. Gardner and they reside in San Francisco;
Ivllen, deceased in infancy; Joseph Mark is em-

« ^cy V

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

529

ployed in the City of Paris store and resides in San
Francisco; Augnstin died when he was twelve years
old; Ignatius is an engineer for the Southern Pa-
cific Railroad Company and resides in San Jose. Mr.
Devine has twelve grandchildren and three great-
grandchildren. He was a member of the first
volunteer fire department of San Jose. He is a
Democrat in his political convictions. The family
are active and prominent members of the St. Joseph's
Catholic Church. He is well known throughout the
county, and the esteem in which he is held is evi-
dence of his well-spent life.

HON. PERLEY FRANCIS GOSBEY.— California
owes much, as one of the most attractive corners of
the world in whicli to live, thrive and be happy, to its
distinguished members of the Bench and Bar, and
prominent among whom may well be mentioned the
Hon. Perley Francis Gosbey. Judge of the Superior
Court of Santa Clara County, wfiere he has made
Department Two widely known for the high stand-
ards set in handling probate matters and the dispen-
sation of justice. He was born on May IS, 1859, at
Santa Clara, the son of Joseph F. and Sarah (Smith)
LTOsbey who were married in 1856. Mr. Gosbey,
Senior, was born in Nova Scotia in 1825, came to
California via Panama in 185o and settled in Santa
Clara. He ran a hotel, called the Morgan House, in
San Jose for a number of \-ears, giving this up to en-
gage in the shoe business, which he conducted for
fifty years. He died in 1915, having reached almost
ninety years of age. Mrs. Gosbey was born in Ohio
in 1838, came to this state with her father, Ansyl
Smith, crossing the Isthmus in 1852, and settled in
Santa Clara; Mrs. Gosbey died in 1903. The later
years of their lives !Mr. and Mrs. Gosbey lived in Pa-
cific Grove. There were two sons and two daughters
in the Gosbey famil>', three of whom are still living.

Perley F. Gosbe\- pursued the elementary courses
and was graduated from the Santa Clara high school
in 1875. He then went to the University of the Pa-
cific, and there in 1881) he was given his Bachelor of
.\rts degree. In 1881 he began teaching school and
for four years was a teacher in the San Jose high
school. Thus far he had laid the foundation for fu-
ture attainment; but how well in this preparatorv-
work he had builded can can be seen in the success
he has attained as a professional man. Having de-
cided upon the law as his future field, Mr. Gosbey
went East to the University of Michigan and there
matriculated in the Law Department; in 1888 he re-
ceived his parchment and the degree of Bachelor of
Laws. In June of that year he was admitted to the
Bar at Ann Arbor, Mich.; and having returned to his
native State. Mr. Gosbey was admitted, in the follow-
ing September, to practice at the California Bar. In
November, 1908, after years of private practice in
which he had proven himself exceptionally qualified
for work on the Bench, Mr. Gosbey was elected Judge
of the Superior Court of Santa Clara County, and he
has continued to hold that high office ever since.

On October 28, 1891, Mr. Gosbey was united m
marriage with Miss Susan Rucker, the ceremony tak-
ing place at San Jose. Mrs. Gosbey is a daughter of
Joseph E. and Susan (Brown) Rucker, born in Santa
Clara County and a gifted and attractive lady who
has more and more shared in the Judge's increasing
popularity. A prominent man in fraternal circles.
Judge Gosbey is a Scottish Rite and Knights Tem-

plar Mason and a Shriner. He is a Past Grand Mas-
ter of the Odd Fellows and Past Exalted Ruler of
the Elks and belongs to Observatory Parlor No. 177,
Native Sons of the Golden West and is a member of
the California Pioneers of Santa Clara County. A
native son, not merely in name but in the intensity of
his patriotic spirit. Judge Gosbey has always been
conspicuous for his public-spiritedness. For four
\ ears he was a member of the Board of Education of
San Jose, acting as its president.

FRANK KENYON.— Three miles west of Santa
Clara, on the Homestead Road, lies the finely im-
liroved ranch of ninety acres of F'rank Kenyon, the
son of that worthy pioneer, James Monroe Kenyon.
When the father first located upon this land in 1850,
having come to California the year previous; he set-
tled as a squatter, and on discovering that it was
private property, bought 242 acres. He was born
in Ohio on the banks of the Ohio River just opposite
the town of Vanceburg. His father, Jonathan Ken-
yon. came to Ohio wdien a young man, and locating
in Adams County followed agricultural pursuits until
his death. He served as a soldier in the War of 1812,
and while a resident of Ohio he acted as a justice
of the peace and a lawyer. He married Sarah Strat-
ton, a daughter of Aaron Stratton, a native of Vir-
ginia and a soldier in the War of 1812, who removed
to the Blue Grass state and engaged in the manu-
facture of salt; he was an extensive slave owner and
prominent in the community.

Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Kennedy were the parents
of seven sons, James Monroe being next to the
youngest. He received a fair education in the pub-
lic schools and meantime helped his father on the
farm until he was si.xteen years old, wdien he was
apprenticed to learn the carpenter's trade. After
completing his trade he contracted throughout Adams
County and in Cincinnati, then engaged in his trade
in various parts of Missouri until 1849, when he
started for California, making the trip with ox teams.
In the Spring of 1850 he entered the mines, where
he remained until the next fall, when he came to
Santa Clara Valley; later purchased the property on
which Frank Kenyon now resides. In Missouri he
married Martha Roberts, the daughter of Woodford
Roberts. They were the parents of six children, of
whom onh' three are living; James M. resides at
Saratoga; Emma is now Mrs. Slavens and resides
at Santa Clara; and Frank, of this sketch.

A native of Santa Clara County, Frank Kenyon
was born on the old Kenyon home place March 1,
1861, and went to school at Milligan Corners, later
attending the private school of Mr. Collins at Santa
Clara. He then assisted his father on the ranch,
which was mostly in grain. When the father passed
away, the ranch was divided among the children,
Frank Kenyon receiving ninety-one acres as his por-
tion of the estate. Of this all but twenty acres is in
orchard. Fifty acres have been divided among his
children, and the balance be retains as his home.

On April 18, 1883, in Linn County, Ore., Mr.
Kenyon married Miss Martha Wheeler, a native of
Albany, Ore. Her father was a native of Vermont,
who came to Oregon in 1857 via the Isthmus of
Panama; after his arrival in Oregon he engaged in
teaching and later bought a ranch and farmed. Mrs.
Kenyon began her education in Oregon, but finished
it in Santa Clara. They are the parents of six

530

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

children; Harvey, residing at Mountain View; Alfred
W.; Anna; Harriet, Mrs. Meston, resides at Vic-
toria, B. C. ; Frank Jr.; and Elizabeth. In his political
affiliations, Mr. Kenj'on is a Republican.

JOHN M. BATTEE.— A figure prominent in
county circles and the community life of San Jose
for half a century and a man esteemed and respected
by those earh- pioneers, many of them his business
and social friends, John M. Battee passed away in
this city October 30, 1921, at the age of ninety-three.
He was one of the oldest members of the Garden
City Lodge, I. O. O. F. His life was one of useful-
ness and energy, which left its imprint in many
ways upon the Santa Clara Valley. The records of
the events of the supervisors' meetings of 1870 show
how active Mr. Battee was in that period. He was
elected and assumed the office of county supervisor
on March 7, 1870, and continued as a member and
chairman of the board until Marcli 4, 1878. This
"was a time when ,San Jose was growing steadil\- and
beginning to assuine proportions other than the cen-
ter of an a.gricultural district. On June 2, 1874,
James Lick executed his first trust deed setting aside
his estate for charitable and educational work, among
the provisions of that document being those givmg
$25,000 for the purpose of establishing an orphan
asylum in San Jose and appropriating ,$700,000 tor
an observatory on land belonging to him near Lake
Tahoe, in Placer County. Cratitude for the former
gift, in resolutions prepared by Judge Belden, of
San Jose, was so deeply acknowledged that Mr. Lick
changed the location for the observatory and in
August, 1875, with Hon. B. D. Murphy, then mayor
of San Jose, visited Mount Hamilton. An offer was
made to locate the observatory on Mount Hamilton
it the county would construct the road to the sum-
mit. On January 9, 1877, the I^iek l)oard of trustees
;'nd county supervisors made an official inspection.
The following is quoted from H. S. Foote's "Pen Pic-
tures from the (.iarden of the World:" "Probably
the most earnest and untiring friend of the road
was SuperA-isor J. M. Battee. To his devotion to
the cause is due, more than to an\" otlier one man, the
successful termination of the .great work that has
attracted tlie attention of the scientific world to the
summit of Mount Idamilton." Mr. Battee \\as a
man «]io was modest and plain in manner and siieech.
dLtermmefl. honest in all his dealings and one o\
the mo^t far-si,ghted and efficii'iit eount\' officials of
the closing f|uarter of the past century. Many
obstacles faced the snper^■i^ors in building the road.
Mr. Battee stood determinedly through them all.
The \-aluation of the counl_\' at that time was about
fortv millions. To build a road costing appro.xi-
mately $l,?5,0fin was considered tpiite a bite from
the tax lev\' I'nder the guidance of John M. I'attee
the road was built without a bond issue, excepting
for a small portion, totaling about $12,000 at the
mountain end Mr. Dattee \\as a native of Mary-
land, born on November ,i, 1827. He came vi;i Pan-
ama to California in the early fifties, and here he
was married to ^liss Clarissa McKean, a native of
(Ohio, who died many years ago. for years the
family resided at their home on Sunol Street, San

Jose, but in recent years Mr. Battee lived with a
son at Los Gatos. He is survived by two daughters
and three sons: Mrs. Terry McKean, Mrs. Louis E.
Wood, Albert J., Fred and Phillip Battee. In his
later years Mr. Battee was actively engaged in horti-
culture, although in the early days he was a grain
farmer, owning large ranches here as well as in the
Salinas Valley. He developed a large prune orchard
at Los Gatos, which still belongs to the family. He
was one of the founders and for many years a
director in the F'armers' Union at San Jose.

MRS. EVERIS ANSON HAYES.— A native of

Wisconsin, Mrs. l{vcris Anson Hayes was born at
AV bite water, the daughter of D wight Bassett and
Lucetta Wood Bassett, the former a native of Plain-
field, Mass., and the latter of Cattaraugus County,
N. Y. Dwight Bassett, when a >-oung man, migrated
to Whitewater, Wis., where he met and married
Miss Wood, who had come to Wisconsin with her
parents in the pioneer days of that region. Mr.
Bassett was among the early and prominent nursery-
men of that state and there he spent the remainder
of his life. Mrs. Bassett, now in her eighty-ninth
year, makes her home with her daughter at Edenvalc.
Mary Bassett was educated in the public schools of
her native state. Very earh- in her life she became
interested in teaching. Her first school was taught
when she was fifteen years of age, and except for
the four years spent in the State Normal School in
Whitewater, where she graduated in 1882, and one
year .spent in advance work in New York City, she
was continuously teaching in the public schools of
\\'hitewater. Wis., and Greeley and Denver, Colo.,
until the summer of 1893, when she was married to
E. A. Hayes, a publisher and mining man ot Santa
Clara County, Calif. It should be said that in her
career as a teacher she was unusually successful,
having the read>- faculty of interesting her pupils in
the practical application of their acquired knowledge.
She was especially gifted in handling the primar_\-
grades, being able to interest the young minds under
her charge in a most unusual way, thus giving them
a start that very few teachers could equal. Coming
into the family life at Edenvalc at a time when Mrs.
Ha>-es-Chynoweth was still living and very active,
the principles which she taught and exemplified ap-
pealed very strongly to Mrs. Hayes and she em-
braced them, assisting actively in their promulgation;
vhe liecame vcr_\- much attached to Mrs. Chynoweth
,and was much Ijeloved by her.

When her husband was elected to Congress ni
L)04, Mrs. Hayes, with her family, accompanied him
to Washington, there participating heartily with her
husband in the pubhc life of the Capital of the nation,
becoming prominent in the Congressional Club,
where for several years she was chairman of the
entertainment committee, providing the clni) w.-itli
able speakers and artists from all over the world.
She made it her special interest to look out for the
wi\-es of new members of Congress, seeing to it
that they were not onK' invited to the functions at
her own home, but that they were properly introduced
into the social life in Washington, thus making it

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

533

easier for many to assume ami enter upon tlie soeial
duties whieh necessarily belong to the wives ol ofti-
eials at Washington. These elforts were appreciated
and endeared her to all with whom she came in
contact and. as a result, she has today a host of
warm and steadfast friends among the wives and
families of the menil)ers of Congress from all parts
of the Union. iStrs. tlayes is modest and unassum-
ing and absolutel>' free from the ordinary deceptions
of social life, so that those whom she loves and to
whom she is a friend naturally respond with an
affection and constanc\' that have blessed her life as
very few women have been blessed. An ideal wife
and mother, her family and home life are the things
that are nearest and dearest to her and have largel\-
occupied her heart and life, although she has found,
and still finds, time for much charitable and inihllc
work of various kinds.

LOREN N. GIFFORD.— .\ fine old California
pioneer family is that of Loren N. Gifford, wdio
was born in Illinois on March 21, 1861, the son of
.-\lexander and Lucinda (Plesanton) Gifford, the
former a farmer who came from Illinois to Califor-
nia in 1852, when he crossed the great plains. He
returned to Illinois from California in 1855. Later,
he removed to the frontier of Kansas, and there, in
Crawford County, he breathed his last. He was the
father of six children. Myra is the eldest; Myron
.\. is a resident of Denver; Melvin A. Gifford lives
in Stockton; Loren is the subject of this review.
William is still in Crawford County, Kans.; Freeman,
who came to California about 1890, is ranching on
the Almaden Road. Mrs. Gifford passed away m
Kansas when Loren was about ten years old; and
her devoted husband survived her three years.

Loren GifTord came to California in 1875 with his
brother, Alelvin, and on arriving at Berryessa, he
worked for his uncle, H. Tillotson. He attended
school at Berryessa, and then he took first one job
and then another at various places. He next went
to Yuba County, and for two years farmed near
Marysvifle; and on returning to Berryessa, he was
married on October 27, 1886, to Miss Laura J. O.gan,
the daughter of J. M. Ogan, a native of Jefferson
County. Missouri, where he first saw light near St.
Joseph. He grew up to be a frontiersman and a
farmer, and married Miss Marcissa E. Dryden; he
settled in the Mt. Hamilton Road and farmed at the
foot of the hills. Later, he came to Berryessa and
acquired a ranch of 217 acres at the corner of Capitol
Avenue and Hostetter Street, now known as the Or-
lando ranch; he also came to own a ranch of 300
acres on Pearl Avenue, and also 200 acres of grain-
farm in Hollister. He sold the Hollister property
and divided up the Pearl Avenue ranch among his
sons; Laura Ogan attended the Berr\'essa school,
and after that she went to the old San Jose high
school. Thus the family, on both sides, is of old-
line, American stock.

For six years, Loren Gifford rented the old Alex-
ander Ogan ranch of 150 acres on Sierra road, and
then he bought twenty acres adjoining that ranch
on the west. He later bought an acre of land in
Berryessa, and having remodelled the house then on
it, he has lived there ever since. For four years he
worked in the U. S. Public Health Service in the

great work of exterminating the ground s(iuirrel, and
for three years, in response to his public spirit, he
served on the P.erryessa school board. A member of
the Woodmen of the World, Mr. Gifford is a past
council commander of the Alum Rock lodge.

A son of Mr. Gifford, Arnold by name, was mar-
ried at San h'rancisco, on November 9, 1914, to Miss
Alande N. Smith, the sister of O. J. Smith, whose
life-story appears elsewhere in this volume; and they
ha\e had three children — Clift'ord, June Doris, and
Fern Jane, .'\riiold Gifford was born on (Jctober 2,
1892, and was sent to the Berryessa school for his
elementary training, and later he was fortunate in
getting the Ijest that Heald's Business College could
afford. In 1914, he took over the ruimin.g of the
Sierra Road ranch, and for a number of years oper-
ated the farm successfully. At present he is a partner
with O. J. Smith in the Berryessa Garage, where he
enjoys much the same popularity as has been ac-
corded him in the Alum Rock lodge of the Woodmen
of the World, in which, like his father, he is a popu-
lar and active member.

EBERHARD TANNING COMPANY.— Promi-
nent among the substantial industries which have ma-
terially contributed to make Santa Clara widely fa-
mous may well be enumerated the Eberhard Tanning
Company's plant, interesting as the oldest manufac-
turing concern continuously in business here, since
1848, when it was established by Henry Messing.
It employs eighty men steadil3'; and while it is evi-
dent that its total output is great, it has been main-
tained and increased its prosperity' because it has
never lowered its high standard of quality. It also
has the distinction of being the oldest tannery on the
Pacific Coast. As one of the natural consequences,
the experienced, far-sighted and decidedly progressive
men at the helm exert an enviable influence in the
community in wdiich they operate and live.

The company was incorporated in February, 1892,
and Jacob Eberhard, who was a native of Kehl,
Germany, and passed away in May, 1915, highly
honored by all who knew him, was the first presi-
dent, and he continued to fill that responsible office
until his demise. He had married Miss Mary Glein,
a native of Hesse-Darmstadt, and they had ten chil-
dren, all being born in Santa Clara.

The company makes a specialty of tanning skins of
all kinds, even for taxidermists, and they make sole
leather, harness leather and especially leather for
saddles — known to the trade as skirting — and they
have in their time filled some very interesting com-
missions. The most beautiful and highest-priced sad-
dle in the LTnited States, for example, is owned by
J. C. Miller, of the 101 Wild West Show. It is hand-
carved and set with gold and precious stones, and
cost its owner $10,000. It was made by S. D. Myers,
of Sweetwater, Tex.; and contains 166 diamonds, 120
sapphires, seventeen rubies, four garnets, and fifteen
pounds of skirting with silver and gold. The leather
in it was tanned and finished by the Eberhard Tan-
ning Company, and it goes without saying that it
was the best that they could produce.

The present officers of the Eberhard Tanning Com-
pany are: John J. Eberhard, president; Oscar M.
Eberhard, vice-president; Miss M. Eberhard, secre-
tary and treasurer. Henry P. Eberhard, who was
its former secretary, died March 6, 1921.

534

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

MARSHALL POMEROY.— It is interesting to
clironicle the life of the pioneer, the man who in
his prime entered the wilderness and claimed the
virgin soil as his heritage, and by braving the perils
and hardships began the improving of the land, so
that it is possible for the later generation to enjoy
the ease and comfort of the present-day civilization,
wrought by the hand of those pioneer ancestors.
Rapidly these grand old men are passing aw-ay, and
among the very few remaining of the early settlers
of Santa Clara County is Marshall Pomeroy, a rep-
resentative of the Pomeroy family, whose entrance
into California history dates back to 1849, when
Warren Pomeroy, the father of our subject, landed
at San Francisco, having come hither via the Isthmus
of Panama in the early rush to the gold mines.

Warren PomeroA' was born in Somers, Conn., ii\ 1801,
and was of English descent, the family being traced
back to Pomeroy Castle, in England, and they were
among the earl_\' settlers of New England, Mr.
Pomeroy married Lucetta Wardwell, also a native of
Somers. He was engaged in the marble business
and had built it up to a successful basis when the
news of the gold discovery in California went abroad,
and leaving the business in charge of his sons, he
made haste to reach the new El Dorado. On arriv-
ing in San Francisco he at once made his way to
the mines and for several years sought the elusive
golden treasure, Init finally chose agriculture as a
surer way to fortune, locating in Santa Clara County,
where he did much pioneer agricultural work. He
made three trips back to his old home, bringing his
wife and the remaining children out in 1859, three
sons having already come to California. In 1865 he
moved to San Jose, which was from that time his
permanent home. He retired from active business
some time before his death, which occurred in 1891,
his wife havin.g preceded him some years before.

This worthy couple had nine children, of whom
Marshall was the next to the youngest. He was
born at Somers. Conn., February 10, 1835, and re-
ceived his education in the public schools, also at-
tending the advanced or select school at Somers,
where he was reared until the days of his young
manhood in the environment of a typical New I'^n.g-
land home. After his school days were o\'er he
clerked for a time in Springfield, Mass., and then in
New Britain, Conn , but the confinement did not
agree with hmi and he decided to come to California
and see the country whose possibilities his father
never tired of lauding.

Leaving New \'ork in March, 1858, on the steamer
St. Louis for Aspinwall, he crossed the Isthmus to
Panama City ;ind took the steamer John L. Stevens
for San F'rancisco, and in the month of April ar-
rived in Santa Clara County. He went to work on
Ills father's farm, but he found ever^'thing new and
wild and (piite different from the East, so much so
that he was taken with a severe feeling of homesick-
ness and resolved that when he had saved up enough
money to pay his way back East, he would return
home. Before he could do this, however, he received
word that his mother was coming out, bringing the
rest of the family. On their arrival, his old longing
for the East left him and he soon imbibed that lik-
ing for the West that has held so many thousands.
Thus he came to feel the same as his father had
expressed it — that New England was a good place to

emigrate from and that California was a good place
to go to. During the first few years he made trips
up and down the Coast, but after investigation he
concluded that he could not find any place superior
to Santa Clara County, and he has never regretted
casting his lot here. During the Civil War he was
a member of the Alviso Rifles, but was never called
out. After farming with his father for some years
he purchased 180 acres at Milpitas, where he raised
grain and stock.

In May, 1867, Mr. Pomeroy was united in mar-
riage with Miss Ella French, who was born in Michi-
gan in 1850 and came with her parents across the
plains in an ox-team train in 1852. Her father, Al-
fred French, for a time followed mining and then
settled in Sacramento County, where he served as
a member of the State Legislature. After this he
resided for a time in San Francisco, and then located
at Milpitas and it was here that the young people
met. Mr. and Mrs. Pomeroy continued farming at
Milpitas until 1875, when they removed to San Jose,
Mr. Pomeroy having been appointed a deputy sheriff
under Nick Harris, serving the term of four years.
He then concluded it was best to return to ranch
life, where his children could have the benefit of
the great outdoors, so he bought 208 acres two miles
west of Santa Clara on the San Francisco road and
went in for raising hay, grain and stock. When his
boys grew up the}' induced him to set out an orchard,
and with their help he set out 120 acres to trees, 100
acres being in prunes and the balance in apricots.
He also installed a pumping plant for irrigating the
ranch, and built drying and packing houses, until he
had one of the best improved places in the valley.
His sons having grown up, and some of them mar-
ried, he turned the entire inanagement of the place
over to thein and in 1900 purchased the residence at
429 North Third Street, San Jose, where he has since
made his home. The holdings are incorporated as the
Pomeroy Orchard Company, of which he is presi-
dent and Irwin E. Pomeroy, manager.

Mr. Pomeroy was bereaved of his faithful life com-
panion September 3, 1917. She was a woman of much
culture, making the home attractive and carefully
looking after the rearing and education of her chil-
dren, as well as assisting and encouraging her hus-
band in his ambitions. Her passing away was deep-
l\- mourned by her family and a large circle of friends.
She left five children: Irwin E. is manager of the
Pomeroy Orchard Company and chairman of the
board of trustees of the California Prune & Apri-
cot Growers, Inc.; Clarence is assisting in the man-
agement of the Pomeroy ranch; Mrs. Delia Surface
presides gracefully over her father's home, giving him
her loving care and looking after his welfare; Warren
and Clovis are proprietors of Pomeroy Bros., large
clothing merchants in San Jose. Mr. Pomeroy also
has five grandchildren to gladden his life and of
whom he is very fond.

Prominent in the ranks of the Odd Fellows, ilr.
Pomeroy has been a member of Garden City Lodge
for more than forty years. He cast his first vote
with the Whig party and since the formation of the
Republican party he has been a stanch adherent and
exponent of its platforms. Mr. Pomeroy is now one
of the few remaining of the very old settlers of Santa
Clara County. He recalls the times, some fifty years
ago. when he knew almost every man in the county

Vfla/u^oUC G^y^.

^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

537

and the great times they liad at the conventions,
where every one ealled eaeli otlier by tlieir first
names. He marvels at the wonderful growth of the
county, which has greatly exceeded his expectations.
The population has become so large that when he
walks down San Jose's main streets there appears to
be all new faces, for he rarely meets any of his old
friends of those early and interesting days, when
they began making those improvements that have
made the county one of the most prosperous in the
state. He can well exclaim, ".-Ml of which 1 saw
and part of which I was." (Since this was written
Marshall Pomeroy passed away on November 30,
1921, mourned bv his familv and many friends.)

NIELS NICHOLAS NIELSEN.— .An enterpris-
ing Danish-American whose wide experience as a
machinist and master mechanic prior to his coming
to California, in important engagements in Denmark,
South .\frica. New York, Pittsburgh, Chicago, Minne-
apolis and Alaska, has enabled him, after an equally
successful activity in San Francisco, to provide Sun-
nyvale with the best possible garage service, is Niels
Nicholas Nielsen, of ilessrs. Cockrell & Nielsen,
proprietors of the Sunnyvale Garage. He was born at
Odense, Denmark, on February 2, 1882, the son of
Hans Nielsen, a machinist; and it was because of
his father's trade that he resolved to become a ma-
chinist also. He finished courses of study in the
primary and secondary schools of his native land,
and then took up mechanical engineering under the
preceptorship of M. P. Allrup, and served an appren-
ticeship at Forborg, and at the iron works in the
city of Odense.

He then went to London for a year, and after that
to South -Africa, serving on the English transport
line; but having set his heart on coming to America,
he landed at New York in the spring of 1901, and
there for four years he was in the Sullivan Auto-
matic Machine Works. Later he was employed at
Pittsburgh for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company,
and thence went to Minnesota and worked as engi-
neer for the Minneapolis Flouring Alills. After
awhile, he moved still farther westward to San Fran-
cisco; and there he was busy as a machinist until
the earthquake, when he went to Alaska. He was in
the Far North for twelve years as master mechanic
for the .Alaska Packers Association, and served also
as L'nited States Commissioner and notary public
for a period of three years. He took a course at
Van Der Nailen School of Engineering at Berkeley,
and then, in the fall of 1918, returned to Alaska.

Coming again to California, Mr. Nielsen bought a
ranch at Watsonville; and having made the acquaint-
ance of ^Villiam Cockrell in Alaska, they became
partners and bought the old Ijlacksmith shop at Sun-
nyvale, wdiere they have since erected a modern
garage and machine shop. They also operate the
-Associated Oil Company's oil station, built upon the
premises adjacent to the garage, on the State High-
way, at this point called the San Francisco Road.
Alessrs. Cockrell and Nielsen bought the M. Lyon
property in May, 1919, consisting of eight acres; an
old blacksmith shop was located upon it, which they
tore down, and then built the new garage. Mr. Niel-
sen also bought the Scofield place of thirteen acres,
devoted to prunes, apricots and peaches; and he
sold it again to good advantage, and he also dis-
posed of his ranch at Watsonville at a very desirable
profit. The Sunnyvale Garage is equipped with a

complete machine shop, and the firm is prepared to
do strictly first-class work.

Mr. Nielsen was naturalized ;it San Francisco in
1908; and in that bay city in 1909 he was married to
-Miss Louisa Lund, a native of Denmark. He is a
prominent .Mason, and belongs to the Blue Lodge at
San I'ranciscu, Islam Temple. A. /\. O. N. M. S., in
the same cit\', and the Consistory in San Jose. A sis-
ter, Caroline, is the uife of Waldemar Brown of Co-
penhagen, and a brother, Hans Christian, now touring
.America, is a noted designer on the staff of the
Nord -Magazine of Copenhagen.

PLIN MAGGINL— -A worthy rancher couple who
are enjoying the enviable prosperity now rewarding
their investments and labors, are Mr. and Mrs.
Plin Ma.ggini, the owners of seventy-si.x very at-
tractive acres making up a productive ranch at the
junction of the Sierra and Calaveras roads, six miles
east of Milpitas. Thex- came to their present ranch
in October, 1920; antl as leading Republicans and
hrm believers in Christian Science, they exert a help-
ful influence in the direction of progress in the
communitx- such as might be wished for in any fast-
devclopin.g section.

Mr. Maggini was born in the Canton Ticino,
v^witzerland. at the town of Basca, on the day after
Christmas, 1884, the son of .Alexander and Joseph-
ine Maggini, the former a native of Switzerland, who
came out to the L^nited States alone in 1852, and
mined for gold at Iowa Hill, Gold Run and Forest
Hill. .After becoming a naturalized citizen, he re-
turned to Switzerland and continued his industry of
raising goats. .A second time he came to Califor-
nia, and mined for a while; and a second time he re-
turned to the Italian region in the Swiss Republic.
.\ third time he came to California, when our sub-
ject was three >'ears old; and in this state he passed
away, in 1918, esteemed by all who knew him as
a hard-working, highly-intelligent and honest man
who had done something definite toward advancing
agricultural interests in California. ilrs. Alaggini
is still living, the center of a devoted group of friends
and she enjoys life in San Jose at the age of si-xty-
si-x. Owing to these movings back and forth, from
country to country, Milton Maggini, the eldest in
the famil\' of four children, was born in Switzer-
land; Li\'io m the L'nited States; Plin in Switzer-
land; and Ida under the Stars and Stripes.

When only sixteen years of age, Plin started out
for himself, and learning the blacksmith trade, he
worked for wages for several years. He then went
to the mines in Placer Count}- for a year and a half,
and mined in the same place where his father had
been many years before. Ne.xt he went into San
Jose and clerked for five years in the City Store;
and after that he took a position with the -Alloggi
wholesale tobacco dealers, but at the end of three
years, he established a bicycle and motorcycle shop at
266 South First Street, San Jose, \\here he handled
the Reading, Standard, Snell. Cleveland and the Hud-
son bicycles.

Mr. Mag,gini sold out his cycling business at the
end of three years and bought uith his increased
capital a ranch of thirty-five acres on the .\lmaden
Road, twelve miles out of San Jose; and this farm
he set out to prunes and apricots and so well de-
veloped, for three and one-luilf years, that he sold
it again at a good mar.gin. Then he purchased a
ranch of 575 acres on the L\-as Road devoted to

53S JilSToRY ()¥ SANTA CLARA CUUN'J'Y

cattle and Rraiii and tlicrc he had a dairy and en- They reside at 483 Hope Street, Mountain View
Ka^ed in the wholesale nnik business. This raneli and are tlie parents of one child, June. Mrs, Red-
lie kept for a year, disposing of it on June 2, 1919. wine is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Mr. ila.LTgini then i)urehased a ranch of seventy- Mr. Redwine was first elected and served as a mem-

>ix acres at the junction of the Sierra and Calaveras her of the board of trustees of Mountain View in
roads, forty-five acres of which are devoted to apri- 191X, and served for the two-year term, and in 1920

(ots, while the remainder of the land is given to the was reelected under the new law. which provides for

growing of grain; and there Mr. Maggini and his a four-year term, and was chosen chairman of the

tamily now reside. He «as married at San Jose on board, liver busy and efficient, he brings his best

October 13, 1915, to Miss Lucielle Corpsteiu, a native effort.s to bear for the good of Mountain View, which

daughter born at Saratoga, whose parents were John has its own municipal water works, the water being

and Mary Corpstein. They came to California from pumped from three wells by means of steam and

Iowa and settled at Saratoga; and there Lucielle electric power; it also has its own library and city

went to school. Later, she attended the high school hall, anfl a volunteer fire department with two fire

at San Jose, and she also pursued the courses of an trucks. Next to Palo Alto, it has the lowest rate of

excellent business college; prior to her marriage she city taxation of anj- city in northern Santa Clara

was a bookkeeper for five years, — first for the Ben- County, one outstanding feature being that street

son &: Weaver Automobile Company, and then for paving is paid for out of the .general fund, and the

Messrs. Lloomdahl & Keller. Two children have city's bonded indebtedness is very low, being only

blessed this union, Evelyn ilae and Mildred Eileen. ^ix per cent of the assessed valuation as a.gainst

CLAUDE REDWINE.— Perhaps no fainily in re- fifteen per cent allowed by law.

cent vcars has added so much to the business, social TiTT<-.i\/r « o /-./-iTT/-.TT t^. i ,

I ■ i» 1 ,i CM t ■ \r- 1 *i Tj 1 iirlUlVlAb CUUCh. — 1 lie old, e\'er-interesting and

and political lite ot Mountain View as lias the Kefl- ^. - ... ., ... , .it, a.iu

:- -, I r-i J ID 1 ■ ■ »i stirring storv ot the toil, sacrifice and accomphsh-

wme tamilv. and Claude Redwine is a worthv repre- ^ c , ' , ■, , .- r^ , ,- ■ "^^"'"i"'""

. .- "i .1 ■ .- I 1 • 1 i -t" D ment ot the builders of our Republic is recalled in

sentative ot this useful and prominent family. Born ,, ,-r / , , , , ■ , ! ^^ai^.^

,,,,,, o r^ t v 1 T 77 100/ i''^' 1''"^ Of the sturdy and highly-esteemed pioneer,

at Alarshall, Searcy Countv, Ark., January 27, l650, ,„, r^ , . ^ ..- ■ ,,,\

, 4, c c- 1 're , Tj 1 1 I* , u 1 1 homas Couch, who came to California in 1868, a

be IS the son of Simon L. and Susan (Hatchett) Red- . . ,, ,,..,,_, '

., r , » \r 1 11 \ I ■ iQ^ii native ot Cornwall, I'mgland. He was a miner and

wme, the former born at Marshall, Ark., in 1860, ■ , ' . ', ^, ^ ,, , . .

, ,, , .^ ,. c 1 r \ 1 n-i c -1 o" coming to the United States followed mining tor

;ind the latter a native of Leslie, Ark. i he familv re- , .,,.,. , , s '"'

, , T J ii oi 1 ■ ■ ^ short tune in Michigan and then came to Ca i-

mo\-ed to lexas and there Claude grew up, receiving .... , ,"=. . ,

,-,,■■,, ,' , 1 1 i I lornia, being emploved first as a miner at the New

his education m the grammar schools and later at- , , , ' ,■ - , , . , . ^i<^»

4 J- ,-1 1 ■ 1 I I r rr i \i' ii ti j .Vlmadeii mine and after that he mined m Crass

tending the high school of Fort Worth; after gradu- ,- ,, , ,.,.. . ^, , , , , , ,

t' u t J ti D 1 » 1 ■ u ■ (-^ 11 J \ allev and different part.^ ot Nevada and btah unti

ation he entered the 1 olvtechnic Business College and , ' - , ,, ,, ^

, 1 • 4 1 ■ I .' ■ - ti 1. 1 4 1 ne uecame manager of the Boston Montana Com-
received his technical training that later became so , . , *= - , , , . , ^"'"

, , , 7. 4i t ■ 1 ■ Tvr ,- ■ v," panv, having charge ot both tlieir mines and smelter

valuable. Both jiarents reside m Mountain View, as ,-, ,, ,, .? , > ■,, ^ , ,

I 1 ti i- 1-11 r'l 1 1 r'l 1 1 ti i't l.ireat rails. He then came to OroviUe, Cal., and

do also the tour children: Claude, L. CIvde, and the , ^ , , ■ , t^ , t^.

, 111 1 r IT.. " ^^"^^ tlic first to start dredging on the leather River,

two (laughters, Leslie and Lesta. . , ,, , . , ,,r, ■.

,, ,- ,^r ■ M ^ ■ \r- .-^1 1 -D 1 construetmg the first boat for the purpose. While

Ijctore settling m Alountain View Claude Red- , -, ,. , . , , , , ,, , ,. ,

L" 1 4 ii \\r ^ -11 n huudmg the second dredger be was taken ill and died

wme ^vas emploved at the Watsonville Garage in . '^ ., . , , t; . . ,„ , ,C , ,

.1- , -11 n { i li 1 41 11 <*t i^ane hlosrutal. San rrancisco, m 1901, He had

vV atsonville, Cal., for five vears, and thoroughlv ■,■,-, ,,,,-, . t- .n^. , .

1 . ,| , 1 1 4 1 ' 11 i; .' married in Coshen, Utah, December 28, 1874, being

learned the automobile trade and became a first- . , . , ,,. ,, , . ,,, ,, , , .

class garage man and machinist, able to handle all ""'*^'' "'itb Miss Rachel Webber who was born in

kinds or ;epair work. He removed to .Mountain Clamorganshire Wales a daughter of John and

\'iew m 1013 and purchased the Mountain View M^^-firet ( Richards) Webber, who brought their

(.iarage from C. N. Higdon, and through hard work '^""'-r *° ><"''ida when Rachel was five years old.

and giving hrst-class service his business grew and '""' '''\'^-''. "'^■>' "/°"'^' '^ ^t'^'^' ^^'i"*^ ^'^^ P^'''-""'^'

expanded so that the next year, needing more capital "''"'"^ "j*'"' '^-^' "^-^■''■

and a .greater capacity for handling his business, the M''- Couch had become interested in cattle raising

firm was enlarged by taking in his father, S. L. Red- '" Montana, having purchased a ranch near Great

wine, and his brother, L. Clyde Redwine, the old b'alls, «diere his family resided. They had eight

name being retained. The office and sales force children: Mary died at two years and nine months;

consist of nine persons and the firm has a large, Thomas and Edward and Ered M. are cattlemen

well-equii.ped and up-to-date machine shop, with good on the Couch ranch; Rachel M. the wife of Lee

machinists, ready and able to do all kinds of auto, -^I- Ford, a banker at Great Falls; Albert C. was a

truck and tractor work on short notice. They deal soldier in the World \\'ar, serving overseas and

in the Ford line of autos, trucks and tractors. John "as wounded during the battle of Chateau Thierry;

Deere and C)li\er plows, harrows and cultivators; '^e now resides in Palo Alto; John D. served in the

also tires and tubes, batt<-ries, acetylene welding, b'.ngineering Corps overseas as a lieutenant; he also

oils, gas, greases and a full line of Ford and Ford- bves in Palo Alto; William, an exceptionally fine

son accessories and extras. The business of the specimen of young manhood, who had trained as

Mountain View Garage has increased to such an ex- .'m aviator, was m the aviation section of the U. S.

tent that a larger building was erected in 1918. The .Vrnn- and was on his way to the conflict overseas

new, well-equipped garage and machine shop, 75x151) but died aboard the ship just before the boat reached

feet, is a \-ery bus\' jdace, and enjoys a large ])atron- England. After her husband's death, Mrs. Couch

age. The senior Redwine has full charge of the having a residence at 657 \N'ebster in Palo Alto,

office, while Claude and L. Clyde Redwine attend moved hither, and it has since been her home. Mr.

to the sales department and have charge of the shop. Couch took a keen interest in civic affairs and as

Mr. Redwine returned to Texas in 1918 and mar- :i Republican worked and voted with those of the

ried Miss Jeannette .Martin of Clareiulon. Texas. i.artA- of Lincoln, Garfield and McKinley.

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.AR A C()UNT^'

541

CHARLES D. SOUTH.— A mombcr in liiiAli stand-
ing of tile foin'th estate who has done nnich to mold
jHihlie opinion, an effieienl an<l popular public olticial,
well known in the newspaper fraternity and the
eountry at large through his literary work. Charles
D. South, the postmaster of Santa Clara has done his
full share in putting the now famous Mission town of
Santa Clara on the ma|i. and incidentally to advance
the degree of culture in the new commonwealth. A
New Yorker by birth and a Californiau by adoption,
Mr. South was born at Plattsbnrg, in the Empire
v^tate, March 24, 1S64. and came to California with
his family in 1S76. His parents \vere Capt. Joseph
and Catherine South, and the father gave his life for
his countr>', falling in the battle of Cold Harbor, Va.,
March 24, 1864. Mrs. South was a woman of un-
usual charm, possessing high poetic and linguistic
ability, and from her Mr. South doubtless inherited
much of his literary inclination and talent.

As a youth, precocious and .gifted in expression,
he was early headed for editorial work and a literary
career. .Vfter completing the courses in the grammar
and high schools, he pursued a literary course at
the University of Santa Clara, and his Alma Mater
has honored him with the degrees of A. M. and
Lit. D. Mr. South was for some time on the staff
of one of the Bay City's great dailies, the San Fran-
cisco "Call," first as e-xch.ange editor and then literary
editor and editorial writer, providing a broad scope
for his talents. After the San Francisco fire he re-
turned to Santa Clara and became editor of the San
Jose "Morning Times." When the portfolio of the
post office at Santa Clara was offered to him in 1914,
he accepted the appointment as postmaster under
President Wilson, continuing ever since as the effici-
ent incumbent of this office. It was then a more
modest proposition, but in keeping with the growth
of the nation and its great federal organization, and
under the able administration of !Mr. South and his
corps of able assistants the business of the office has
doubled and the parcel post has been notably de-
veloped. A fiftj'-mile rural route now encircles the
rich fruit district to the north and northwest and a
motorcycle delivery of parcel post has been installed.
The Santa Clara post office sold $100,000 worth of
War Saving Stamps during the 1918 drive, and thus
went over the top magnificently, a fine testimonial to
the patriotism and wealth of the fruit section. Mr.
South served on the War Council and received
governmental approbation for his services as a four-
minute speaker.

.\ccepting the newly established chair of journalism
in Santa Clara University, Mr. South took up his
new duties on September 3, 1907, and the following
comments from the press will be found interesting,
A new'S article in the San Jose "Daily Mercury"
reads as follows:

"Charles South Accepts New Chair at College —
Well Known Special Writer to Give up Newspaper
Work for Teaching. Charles D. South, who has been
a valued special writer on the "Mercury," has accepted
a position as a member of the faculty' of Santa Clara
College. He severs his connection with the "Mer-
cury" this week. The faculty of the college has es-
tablished in connection with its literary course a
department or school of journalism, and Mr. South
has been appointed professor in charge. The new-
department is designed to furnish a practical course

ni both newspaper and niag;i/iiu' work, according to
the best stand.ards ,and models. An idea of the prep-
aration which lu brings to his new task may be
gamed from a statement of some of the positions
which Mr. South has held. He was for a time assist-
ant editor of the Seattle "Telegraph." I^ater he was
Sunday editor of the San I'Vancisco "Call." Ide also
served as editor of tlie "Weekly Call," and as ex-
change editor and t:flilorial writer on the "Call." In
the latter capacity he was under John McNaught.
He has dijnc e(.insiderable special work for the
"Bulletm," having received some of the more im-
portant assignments on that paper. Contributions,
both poetry and prose have found their way into the
San Francisco weeklies, notabU' the "News Letter."
Mr. South has also done a great deal of Sunday
special \\'ork, and has written many magazine articles
His standing in San Francisco and San Jose and the
>-ears of prejiaration presage A\ell for his success in
his new field of endeavor.

"It is \\ith regret that the "Mercury" chronicles
his departure from this newspaper. He has been a
N'cry useful special writer, his fund of available in-
formation being remarkably large, and his faculty
tor writing finished English in an interesting way
being rather unusual in a newspaper writer. He is
a courteous gentleman, and has won the undis,guised
friendship of his fellow-employees in the "Mercury"
office. They regret his departure, but are glad that
there came to him an opportunity which he has
desired. He will be given time from his duties in
the college to do some magazine work which he has
in mind, and which the busy round of work in a
newspaper office would not permit him to take up."

In the San Jose "Times" of the same date, its editor
and manager, Charles M. Shortridge, pays the follow-
ing tribute to Mr. South's work:

"Charles D. South has been appointed professor
in charge of the department or school of journalism,
newly established in Santa Clara College. The im-
portance of the new specialty' in collegiate education
has been already recognized by the leading uni-
versities of the East. The object is to furnish a
practical course m both newspaper and magazine
work, accordin,g to the best standards and models.
The mere aimouncement that the University of Santa
Clara has undertaken to teach the art of newspaper
and magazine writing is sufficient guarantee that
there is sufficient demand for this branch of educa-
tion and likewise a guarantee that no college m the
country will equip more thoroughly and under better
influences, the student of journalism, than the Santa
Clara Colle,ge. The selection of Mr. Charles D.
South is also in accord with this spirit of thorough-
ness and carefulness, and we predict that the chair
to which this close student and finished scholar has
been assigned will soon rank among the very first
of the chairs of the old college.

"We have known Jvfr. South for ;\-ears. A\'hilc we
were editor of the San Francisco "Call." Mr, South
had full charge of the magazine department of this
paper and likewise a supervision of the weekly
issue, which furnished him a fine opportunity to dis-
play his wide and apt knowledge of journalism. Mr.
South is also a young man of excellent character,
therefore aside from his fine literar\- abilities he will
instill into the student of the great art of rhetoric,
as applied to newspaper work and magazine work.

542

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

high and lofty ideals of the spirit which should
actuate the journalist in his every effort in his chosen
profession. We prechct that the new chair will be-
come a most popular one, and that the name of
Charles D. South will prove to be one of the bright-
est ornaments of the college which bears among its
alumni many of the most forceful and brilliant men
who have ever served in the literary or public life
of tlic Pacific Coast."

While in San Francisco Mr. South did much
dramatic work as a side issue. He finished "Con-
stantine," a Roman drama, while at the University
of Santa Clara, and this play was produced at the
university with brilliant success in 1909 by a cast of
tAvo hundred actors — students and professionals. In
recognition of the composition of the play of "Con-
stantine," and its production under the auspices of
the institution, the faculty of the University of Santa
Clara presented )ilr. South with a magnificent gold
medal, set with diamonds and appropriately inscribed
in commemoration of the initial production at the
university auditorium — a literary event in the history
of the famous school. >Ir. South is the author of
"Captain Blunt," a comedy, "Santiago," a drama of
the Cuban War, and of a drama, "Longwood," deal-
ing with the career of Napoleon the Great. He has
also written a number of clever short stories for
newspapers and magazines and he now has in press
a volume of poems. In the "?vIorning Times" of
October 26, 1913, appeared a page of editorial com-
ment signed b\'- Mr. South, containing facts of pecul-
iar historical interest; for there he reviewed, as per-
haps no one before him had done, the history of the
San Jose press, with its financial ups and downs, its
motley assortments of politics, its able, upright or
adventurous journalists, and the long line of head-
stones in the newspaper graveyard founded with the
California commonwealth. This review of the pioneer
journals and scribes, made while it is yet possible
to reach 1)ack and grasp the fast evanescing data, is
of such historical value that general appreciation has
been accorded to Mr. South's comprehensive essay.

At San Francisco. Mr. South was married to Miss
Jessie R. Earrington, a young lady of artistic talents
and charming personality, who was born and reared
in that city, a member of a prominent pioneer family.
Three children have blessed their union. William B.
South, Charles D. South, Jr.. who was commissioned
a first lieutenant in the late war, and Warren J.
South, all engaged in business pursuits. A Democrat
of the progressive tjpe Mr. South has always taken
a live interest in politics, and he is a leading spirit in
all local, as well as general progressive movements.
He is a member of San Jose Lodge No. 879, K. C.
having served as grand kni.ght for several terms.

W. K. ROBERTS.— A highly-esteemed, and there-
fore, very influential, progressive and public-spirited
.gentleman, who is inspired with broad humanitarian
sentiments and, although not wealthy, is able to ac-
complish much for others as well as for himself, is
W. K. Roberts, newspai)er man, editor and justice
of the i)eace at Sunnyvale. He was born at Mexico,
Mo., on January 22, 1856, and when eighteen mi-
grated westward to the Rocky Mountain States, try-
ing his fortune first in Colorado, then in New Mex-
ico and Colorado, and afterward in Texas. From
there he came to San Francisco, where he spent five
years in the drug trade; and next he crossed the Pa-

cific to Hawaii. He was there while King Kalakaua
was on the throne, and he met him, attended several
of his feasts, and later met Queen "Lil," as she was
popularly called. William T. Roberts, the father of
our subject, was a native of Kentucky, who married
Miss Fannie Sims, a native of Virginia, thus blend-
ing English, Irish and Welsh blood.

Crowing up under poor schooling conditions, Mr,
Roberts led a kind of cowboj' life for some time,
after leaving home, owing to disagreement with his
father, vdio was a Mexican War veteran. He fir.st
came to California in 1881. and in the Bay City ob-
tained work as a clerk in W. Mayhew's drug store,
144 Fourth Street, and attended evening schools to
pursue general studies. He studied surgery under
Dr. L. C Lane, and took a commercial course at
Heald's Business College. In 1886, he went to Ha-
waii, and the following year pushed on to China, en-
terin.g the Imperial Maritime Custoins Service, and
for fifteen years was in the em])loy of the Chinese
'.lOvernment. He had the honor of serving under
Sir Robert Hart, who was then Inspector General
of Customs for the Chinese Government; and while
not becoming a Chinese subject, he attained to man-
darin civil rank of the fourth class. He was thus
emploj-ed for fifteen years at Canton, Swatow, Shang-
hai, Nanking, Kin Kiang, Han Kow, Shasi, and
Chungkin.g, the latter cit\' being fifteen hundred miles
up the Yang-tse-Kiang River. He learned to speak
and write the North China language. During the
Boxer War he was in charge of the Port of Shasi
and held it for the Manchu Government during the
period of hostilities.

Having obtained two years' leave of absence, Mr.
Roberts returned to California; and at Sonoma City,
in 190,1, he was married to Miss lUhel Hunter, a
Sonoma County girl. He also bought a ranch near
Sonoma, and in 1905 returned to China; and soon
after lie resigned his position at Shanghai and came
back to Sonoma County. Mrs. Roberts had remained
in California, where her first child was born.

From Sonoma County Mr. Roberts moved down
to Sunnyvale and bought the Sunnyvale Standard,
which had been founded by J. H. McCarthy, who
had sold it to G. B. Tuley. who in turn disposed of it
to our subject; and this newspaper he ran as a six-
column, four-page weekly, from 1907 to 1921 — ex-
cept for three years, when it was managed by R. S.
Crowl. On August 21, 1921, Mr. Roberts relin-
iiuished control as both publisher and editor, handing
over the reins to the new proprietor, A. T. Fetter.
During this period of journalistic activity. Mr. Rob-
erts served as Sunnyvale's first justice of the peace,
first taking office through appointment by the county
supervisors. In 1914, he was regularly elected jus-
tice by his fellow-citizens; and four years later he
was reelected. He is also the tovn recorder, and is
the first and only occupant of tliat office, having
commenced when Sunnyvale was incorporated in
1914. Mr. Roberts not only invested in the "Stan-
dard" and its oftice building, but he bought residence
and other property, including a number of vacant
lots, and had worked hard, through his newspaper,
in favor of incorporation. He has been equally as-
siduous in forwarding the commercial and general
development of the town, and for years he has been,
as he still is, the efficient secretary of the Sunnyvale
Chamber of Commerce,

c^(n.ay^^?4/^(^^

VIA/.

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COLINTV

543

During Mr. Roberts' first leave of absence from
liis post in Cfiina, in 1W5, he joined tlie International
Colonization Soeiety, whose olliees were at iiirniini,;-
hani, Ala., and made a voyage to l^iheria. on the
West Coast of Africa, as assistant medical officer on
the ship "Lanrada." which carried over 360 Afro-
.-\mcrieans to that colony; and he wrote, as the re-
sult. ".\n .\frican Canaan for the American Negro."
Since then he has written several other works. .As a
confirmed apostle of the theory and practice of right
living, he wrote "Health b'rom Natural Foods," and
he is also author of a treatise on "The Mongolian
Problem," and a book entitled "Di\-inity and Man."
In matters of religion he prefers the Unitarian form
of faith; and in national political affairs, he works as
an Independent Republican, His pen has also done
good service in helping to organize the South Shore
Port Company, for the development of a south ba>'
l"iort near Sumi}-vale, which is to he available for
deep-water ships.

Mr. and Mrs. Roberts have two children. Wilma
M. is a junior in the Santa Clara high school; and
Alexander H. is a pupil in the eighth grade of the
grammar school. Mr. Roberts has been an active
meml)er of the Pomona Grange, and is now serving
his third year as its chaplain.

HORATIO W. ORR.— A prominent resident of
Palo .Alto whose wide experience, thorough knowl-
edge of realty conditions, and valuable connections
make him invaluable as a representative, influential
dealer in real estate, is Horatio \V. Orr. a native son
of Santa Clara County, having been born at May-
field on January 21, 1867. His father, Horatio Orr,
was horn in W'rmont; and having come out to Cal-
ifornia In- wa.\- of Panama in 1859. he first located at
San Francisco, where he married Miss Mary O,
Pickett, a native of Ireland of Scotch descent. From
the Bay City he came to Mayfield, and in 1862 he
rented land from Mr. Scale, the acreage being the
site of South Palo Alto, He bought the first town
lot sold in Mayfield, and in going in and out between
,San Francisco and the new town, he traveled over
an old Spanish horse-trail. For many years he en-
gaged in farming and dairying, and he spent the last
years of his life at Mayfield, dying in January, 1920,
at the age of eighty-three. He was always an active
member of the Methodist Church, and having long
marched with the Republican part^-, he eventually
joined the ranks of the Prohibitionists. Four chil-
dren had been granted this worthy couple. Horatio
W. Orr is the subject of our review; Electa is the
wife of Joseph Birkett and lives in Grass X'alley;
James Orr lives at Mayfield, and Newton in Colorado.

Horatio W. Orr attended the public schools of May-
field, and studied for a year at Stanford. Then, until
1897, he engaged in contracting and building, still re-
siding at Mayfield, but carrying on his extensive op-
erations in Palo Alto and other towns as well. Then
he removed to Palo Alto and opened an electrical
establishment; and for ten years he continued there
in that field of activity. In 1907, he embarked with
T. J. Floyd in the wall paper and paint trade; but in
December, 1917, he sold his interest to Mr. Floyd, and
he is now engaged exclusively in buying and selling
real estate. With his long residence and continued
activity in one line or another having to do with the
development of this section, Mr. Orr is particularly

i|ualified to advise the person seeking either town or
country property.

Mr. Orr was married at Boulder Creek in Santa
Cruz County, on August 10, 1904, to Miss Julia E.
Tompkins, a native of Santa Cruz County and a step-
daughter of Joseph W. I 'eery, who died at Boulder
Creek, March 14, l')l(), being one of Santa Cruz Coun-
ty's most honored pioneers and business men. He had
been very active in building up the tannery, the saw
mill and the shingle mill at Boulder Creek. He was
born in Caleb Counte, W. \'a., (then \'irginia) Oc-
tober 2, 18,30. Flis father, Hiram Peery, was in the
War of 1812, and at its close engaged in farming in
West \'irginia, later moving to Kentucky, when he
became a planter. In 18.S0 Joseph W. Peery crossed
the idains and tried his luck at mining, but in 1853
returned to Missouri. In 1859 he went to Nebraska
and in 1862 returned to California and spent three
years at Stockton, then removed to Santa Cruz County.
In 1869 he settled at Boulder Creek and bou.ght out
the sawmill and became a large land owner. Mr.
Peery's first wife died crossing the plains in 1862.
His second marriage in Santa Cruz County, united
him with Mrs. Alvira Mercy Tompkins, who had
se\-en children by her first husband, Daniel D, Tomp-
kins: Willis F,., Josephine, Jennie, Walter, Julia, Alice
and Flmer. She died at her home at Boulder Creek
in her si.xty-sixth year.

Mr. and Mrs. Orr have one daughter, Dorothy
Jane. The family belong to the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and Mr. Orr is a Royal .^rch Mason and a
Native Son of the Golden West.

W. "W. HARTLEY.— An excellent example of the
results of an active, well-directed life will be found
in W. W. Hartley, who at the age of seventy-three
is still active and heads the Hartley Hardware Com-
pany at Mountain A'iew, Throughout his useful life
he has been active in promoting measures for the
general good of the community, and his natural gift
of leadership places him among the leading business
men of his locality. Born in the province of New
Brunswick, Canada, he first saw the light of day
near Fredericton, situated on the beautiful St. Johns
River, August 18, 1849. His father was Edward W.
Hartley and was a farmer of New Brunswick. The
ancestors on both sides were either from England
or were of English descent. Mr. Hartley's early
boyhood was passed in his native province up to
twenty-one years of age, and he received a sufficient
education to be duly licensed as a teacher, and he
taught school for several terms. Upon his removal
to the United States, he was first employed by the
Borden's Milk Condensing Company at Elgin, III.,
but this line of work was not to his liking; his next
move was to Brainerd, !Minn., arriving during the
year of 1870, just at the time the Northern Pacific
Railway was in course of construction. His ability
and leadership was instantly recognized and he was
elected county auditor; and in addition to this was
appointed clerk of the court; and at the same time
was probate judge, register of deeds, coroner, de-
puty treasurer of the countx-, deputy sheriff, and
justice of the peace; later he served one term as
police judge. It was largely through the efforts of
Mr. Hartley that Senator W. D. Washburn received
his first nomination for Congress. Mr. Hartley went
to the convention at Minneapolis as the delegate from
five counties. Crow Wing, Cass, Wadena, Itasca and

546

HISTORY OF SANTA Cr.ARA COUNTY

Aitken, and casting his vote for Washburn gave him
the majority over liis opponent. Senator Washburn
never forgot the et^forts of Mr. Hartley in his behalf,
and through his influence Mr. Hartley was appointed
postmaster at Brainerd by President Hays and served
through his administration and that of Presidents
Oarficld, .Vrthur, and a part of Cleveland's adminis-
tration up to 1889. He w'as also interested in the
hotel business and a book and stationerj^ store, and
was for some time the proprietor of the Villard
Hotel at Brainerd, Mmn. In 1889 he removed to
Tacoma, Wash., and was in business there for eight
years, and in 1897 came to California and engaged in
mining in lil Dorado County, Cal., and also in the
state of Oregon, where he continued for two j-ears.
During 1910 he removed to Mountain View and pur-
chased the hardware store, which has engaged his
attention ever since. His son, Charles F., is asso-
ciated with him in the business, and by strict atten-
tion to business they have built up a hue patronage
and the qualit)' of their .goods is be)'ond ciuestion.

The marriage of Mr. Hartley, July 22, 1874, oc-
curred in Michigan and united him with Miss Mary
E. Moorman, the daughter of Francis Moorman of
Belding, Mich., and they became the parents of five
children: Clara E. is now Mrs. T. D. McLean, a
hardware factory representative of Seattle, Wash.;
Alfred W. is chief en.gineer in charge of the Ham-
mond Lumber Contpau}' at San Pedro, Cal.; Hattie
il. is the wife of il. J. liacon, of the comptometer
company at Seattle, Wash., where they reside; James
E. is a marine engineer with the Hammond Lumber
Company; Charles F. is the partner of his father m
the hardware store at Mountain View. There are
nine .grandchildren. In 1915 a family residence was
built at ,533 Franklin Street, Mountain View. Mr.
Hartley is a stalwart old line Republican and his
activities in politics have borne good fruits. ilr.
Hartley and his entire family have the respect and
esteem of the commtmity. Mrs. Hartley departed
this life on March 27. 1922, and rests in Cypress
Lawn Cemetery, San Francisco, beside her father.

VARGAS BROS.— Wide-awake as self-made, en-
terprising and successful dairymen having one eiuar-
ter of a thousand well-selected cows, Vargas Bros,
are equally serviceable to their community, and pro-
portionately prosperous, as proprietors of the finely-
stocked store at 899 Franklin Street, the principal
general merchandise e.^tablishment in Santa Clara.
The firm is composed of ^I. J. and F. J. Vargas,
l)Oth Santa Clara County boys, for they saw the
light of flay near the San Francisquito Creek, in the
vicinit}- of Palo Alto. il. J. Vargas was born on
December 15. 1879; and i' . j. \^argas joined the
family circle on October 26, 1881. Their father was
the late Joseph P. \'argas, a successful rancher farm-
in.g near Palo Alto, and he had married Miss Anna
( jloria Duarte. Both parents are now deceased; Ijut
three of their daugliters are living in Santa Clara
County. !Miss Anna J. V^argas was an overseas Red
Cross nurse, attached to Unit 30, ^\ho was privileged
to return safely to California, after splendid service
111 France. Rose is the wife of Erank Seimas, the
rancher, at Sunnyvale. Flora is Mrs. Joe W. Angelo,
and she resides at Sunnyvale, where they have a
ranch, her husband clerking for Vargas Bros.

These amljitious boys were reared on the Santa
Clara County farm, while they attended the Palo

-\lto grammar school, and later Heald's Business Col-
lege at San Jose; and then they were employed by
their uncle, Manuel Vargas, whom they bought out
in 1904. M. J. Vargas married Miss Leonore Mar-
shall, of Ross, Cal., and they have three children.
F. J. Vargas married Miss Anita Dorsey. Both are
members of the Saint Claire Roman Catholic Church
of Santa Clara, and they also belong to the Native
Sons of the Golden West and the U. P. E. C. They
have erected at generous expense ornate and com-
fortable residences for themselves, and also four
handsome cottages, which they rent,

.As merchants, Vargas Bros, deal in the best of
everthin.g within their line, wdiicli they endeavor to
offer at the lowest possible price, so that their large
and varied stock keeps moving. As dairymen they
are the principal owners in the enterprise of Vargas
Bros. & Mendonza, who milk 250 head of high-grade
Plolstein cows, and have 450 acres rented and de-
voted to this dairy. They are members of the Cali-
fornia Milk Producers' Association, and they are
amon.g the most \velcome members of the Chamber
of Commerce of Santa Clara. M. J. Vargas is a
stockholder and director in the Santa Clara Branch
of the Bank of Italy.

A. RAY ANDERSON.— A native son of Santa
Clara Couiit_\' who has been associated with its prog-
ress during all his years, A. Ray Anderson is well
known lor his constructive work on the highways
of the county, adding greatly to the comfort and con-
venience of its inhabitants. The son of Phillip and
Rebecca (Cahill) .\nderson, he was born at Ber-
ryessa, July 8, 1884. Phillip Anderson was born in
Alierdeen, Scotland, and when a youn.g inan crossed
the ocean to Nova Scotia, settling for a time at
.Amherst. Leaving the Maritime EVovinces, he came
to San E'rancisco by way of the Isthmus of Panama,
remainin.g there for si.x months. Coming from there
to Santa Clara County, he opened up a blacksmith
shop at Berryessa, being a pioneer smithy of this
locality, and his shop was known far and wide for
the excellence of his work. Mrs. Anderson was a
native of Nova Scotia, of English descent, and she
also came to California by the Isthmus. She passed
away m 1888, ilr. Anderson surviving her until 1919.
This worthj' couple were the parents of seven chil-
dren: Margaret Alice of Berryessa; William W.,
a rancher at Berryessa; Mabel V. of San Fran-
cisco: Leslie C, who died in March, 1917; Roscoe
-A. of Los .'\ngeles; A. Ray and Emily Oressa.

,'V. Ray Anderson attended the Berryessa school
and finished his schooling at the San Jose high
school. AVhen he was twenty years old he took up
the machinist's trade, learning it thoroughly in every
detail until he became a competent engineer. For
the past ten years he has been associated with the
Santa Clara Road Commission as an engineer hand-
ling the steam roller and grader, and the tractors
used in the road leveling work. An e.xpert in this
line he has covered a great share of the mileage of
the county, both m construction and maintenance
work. A Republican in politics, Mr. Anderson is a
member of the Eagles and of San Jose Parlor, N, S.
C. W. Many years ago his father purchased a ranch
of 252 acres in the hills east of Berryessa, on the
Berryessa Road, and Mr. Anderson is now an owner
of part of this ranch, which he inherited.

HISTORY OK SANTA CI.AkA COUNTY

549

PETER L. LINEHAN— Broad experience, close
application, enterprise and natural mechanical ability
have brought Peter L. Linehan to a foremost position
in the business circles of San Jose and Santa Clara
County. He is one of the pioneer plumbers of San
Jose and so comprehensive a knowledge has he of
that trade that he wrote the original plumbing ordin-
ance that was adopted by the boar(l of health and
that is now a municipal law. A native of New York.
Mr. Linehan was born in Rensselaer County, Jan-
uary 28, 1865. a son of James and Mary (McGann)
Linehan, both natives of County Clare, Ireland. They
came to the LTnited States and located in New York,
and from there came to California in 1869. They
took passage on the S. S. Alaska for Panama and
from the Isthmus boarded the Golden City for San
Francisco, arriving there the last day of December.
The Golden City was lost on its return trip to Pan-
ama. Three days after arriving in this state. Mr.
Linehan came to San Jose, and with the exception of
about two years spent on a ranch at Half Moon pjay,
they spent their remaining years here. Mr. Linehan
died in his eighty-fourth year and !Mrs. Linehan at
the age of seventy-six. They reared a family of nine
children: T. J., who died at the age of forty; Delia,
now the widow of A. H. Volkers, and living in San
Jose; James H., wdio was a plumber by trade, married
and died, leaving two children; Peter L., of this re-
view; Mrs. Alice Carmichael, deceased; Mrs. Alar-
garet McDonald died, leaving one son, Emmctt, now
an attorney in \Yashington, D. C; Jennie, the wife of
George Scott, died in December, 1921, in San Fran-
cisco; and Katie and Anna, both died single.

Peter Linehan received a common school educa-
tion and at the age of fifteen went to work on the
Murphy cattle ranch and continued for two years.
He next served an apprenticeship at the plumbing
trade under James A. Hagan and when he had
mastered the details of the business he continued
with that firm after Mr. Hagan turned the business
over to his son, Charles A. Hagan. The last four
years that Charles A. was in business, during his ill-
ness, and until his death. }ilr. Linehan was manager
of the establishment, serving in all for eighteen years
and ten months under the Hagans. It was just be-
fore Charles A. Hagan died that Mr. Linehan pur-
chased the business and for six }'cars \\as sole owner.
Then he sold a half-interest to Joseph W. Delaney
and they carried on the business under the firm name
of Linehan & Delaney for ei.ghteen months, when
ilr. Linehan sold out to his partner. The following
three j-ears were devoted to perfecting an acetylene
gas generator and burner, known as the Star Gener-
ator, on which he secured patents. He then turned
his attention to making gas from crude oil and cold
compressed air for heating furnaces. After this ven-
ture he again turned his attention to his old trade and
has continued active up to the present, doing a gen-
eral plumbing business, keeping busj- mostly ^vith
emergency calls. Mr. Linehan was one of the organ-
izers and the first president of the San Jose Plumbers'
Union and at the time of the Federated Trades pro-
cession held here in September, 1889, he acted as
Grand ^Marshal.

The marriage of Peter L. Linehan in San Jose.
January 31, 1887, united him with Miss Lydia Esther
Smith, daughter of the late Thomas and Esther
(Patterson) Smith, and a native of Boston, Mass.
Mr. Smith went to Virginia City. Nev., at an early

day and followed mining until he came to San Josc^
and it was here that he became a well-known figure
about tile county buildings, serving as superintend-
ent lor twenty years. Air. Linehan now has in his
possession the first clock that was put in the crimi-
nal courtroom, presided over b\- the late Judge Bel-
den and others, and which was given to Mr. Smith
when the new clocks were installed. This clock is
still keeping excellent time. Mr. and Mrs. Smith
both died in San Jose. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs.
Linehan one daughter, Lydia Esther, was born. She
is now the wife of Otto Rapp, a rancher living at
Morgan Hill. Mrs. Linehan passed away in San
Jose on September 24. 1891.

It must not be presumed that Mr. Linehan has de-
voteil his entire time to his own affairs; for two terms
he served as president of the Y. M. I. of San Jose
and has gi\'en liberally of his time to assist in the
promotion of various movements for the betterment
of society in general. He possesses a fine tenor
voice and for twelve years ^^-as first tenor in St. Pat-
rick's Catholic Church, where for eight years his
.gifted wife was first soprano. While he was leading
the singing there he and Miss Sullivan, later Mrs.
O'Connell, arranged the music for the centennial
celebration of Mission San Jose. He was an active
member of the Wilkins Glee Club of this city during
the two years of its existence: also a member of the
Acme Literary and Musical Society and took part in
many amateur theatricals. He is a personal friend
of Eugene T. Sawyer, editor of the History of Santa
Clara County, and acted -with him in several pro-
ductions in the early days. In fact where there was
musical or literary entertainment !\Ir. Linehan could
always be counted upon to do his share in carrying
throu.gh the interesting programs that Avere ar-
ranged for the entertainment of the many who de-
lighted in that line of social uplift. He is an inter-
estin.g talker and is widely and favorably known
throughout the county where he has lived for a
period of more than fifty A-ears.

OLANDO J. SMITH.— Prominent among those
who have done much to make automobiling one of
the pleasant and profitable features of Twentieth
Century life in Santa Clara County is undoubtedly
Olando J. Smith, the popular proprietor of the Berry-
essa Garage at Berryessa. in which . town, on May
27, 1880. he first saw light. His father was Christo-
pher Columbus Smith, and his mother, before her
marriage, was Sierra Nevada Ogan. so called from
the fact that she was born when her parents, Mr. and
Mrs. John 0,gan, were crossin.g the Sierras on their
wa}' to California from Missouri in 1853. Chris-
topher Columbus Smith came to California from Illi-
nois in 1852 with his parents, William Jarvis and
Nancy Smith, and settled in Santa Clara County;
and ever since then the family have made their
home at Berryessa — for a lon.g time on the
ranch on Capitol Avenue now operated In' the Curry
brothers, since the folks of both ilr. and Mrs. Smith
were farmers, the Ogans havin.g owned the ranch at
the corner of Sierra and Piedmont roads, wdiere \\' .
W. Anderson now resides. Mr. Smith died in 1910.
esteemed bv all who knew him, and l)y none more
than those with whom he had bad long and inti-
mate dealings. His widow, Mrs. Sierra Nevada
Smith, is still living. She belongs to the first gener-
ation of California girls and is bright and interesting.

550

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

She has seen most wonderful transformations in this
section. When she was a little girl the streets in
San Jose were lighted by means of oil-burning
lamps, probably sperm od at that, as kerosene was
very scarce in California at that time. She was
present when the first railway train arrived at San
Jose — an occasion for great jubilation. There were
but two small orchards in the vicinity of San Jose
then. Then, as now. the young folks liked to dance.
Her father, John Ogan, lived to be eighty years old.
I-fe was quite a musician, as musicians went in those
days, and he often helped the young folks to a good
time, playing his "fiddle" at their dancing parties.
Mrs. Sierra Nevada (Ogan) Smith was the youngest
of nine children. The O.gans belonged to the Chris-
tian Church, while the Smiths were fjaptists.

Ten children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Smith,
and seven are still living. Lola became Mrs.
Sleightam, of Rio \'ista, and is now deceased; Mamie
is Mrs, \V. W. Anderson, of the old Ogan ranch at
I'erryessa; Charles lives at Susanville; Olando is the
subject of our story; Reede is Airs. Nesbit of Con-
cord; Euphemia is Mrs. Mathews of Fallon, Nev.;
Hazel and Lila are deceased; Robert is at Berryessa,
near to Maude N., who is Mrs. Arnold Gifford.

Olando Smith attended the Berryessa school and
took charge of his father's ranch, shortly after the
latter died. This ranch was a farm of 260 acres, no
little responsibility; and later he discontinued farm-
ing, and took up the carpenter's trade. On July
4, 1911, he went to Patterson, in Stanislaus County,
and enga.ged in contracting and building. He ])ut up
a large number of the structures there wdien the town
was built, and he stayed in the progressive town
until the first of October, 1919. On that date, Mr.
Smith returned to Berryessa and built a corrugated
.^teel garage at the junction of the Berryessa Road
and Capitol Avenue, and since that time he has been
associated with his brother-in-law, Arnold Gifford,
in the conducting of a general garage and repair
business. They have a finely-eciuipped machine shop,
and they also mamtain a gasoline and oil station.

On November 11, 1911, Mr. Smith was married to
Miss Clara Stewart, a native of San Jose and a
daughter of Henry and Bessie Stewart, the former
deceased. Mr. Smith is a Republican, but no one
takes greater pleasure in throwing partisanship to
the winds, when it comes to supporting the best
local measures and men.

ROY W. BRIDGMAN,— Prominent among the
educators of Santa Clara County wdiose scholarship,
training and fidelity to duty, and routine, exacting
work have contributefl so much to make San Jose
and the environing country one of the most attrac-
tive home regions in all the (iolden State, may well
be mentioned Roy W. Bridgman, the popular prin-
cipal of the San Martin Grammar School, living in
San Jose. He w"as born at Rich Hill, Bates County.
Mo., on July 14, 1874, the son of Henry C. Bridg-
man, a descendant of a well-known Connecticut fam-
ily wdiich originally hailed fro niLngland, and for si.x
generations at least domiciled in the United States.
He married Miss .^nna M. Carr. also of I'jiglish
descent, and in 1.S79 moved to Calaveras Valley, Cal..
where they lived for about a year. He was a farmer,
dealing largely in cattle; and as his methods were
progressive and up-to-date, he succeeded as well as

the primitive conditions of that time and place would
permit. Four children were granted this worthy
couple, and two arc living today — our subject, the
third eldest, and Judson, the firstborn, of Shelter
Cove, Cal. Grace died at the age of nineteen, and
so did her sister, Kate.

In 1880, Henry C. Bridgman came to Santa Clara
County to farm, and Roy attended first the grammar
and then the high school of San Jose. After grad-
uating from the high school he studied for a year in
the pharmaceutical department of the University of
California. Having passed the state board examin-
ations and becoming a registered pharmacist, he fol-
lowed the profession in different cities in California
and Nevada, Being desirous of engaging in educa-
tional work, Mr. Bridgman entered the San Jose
Normal, wdiere he was graduated with the class of
1911). He then spent three years as a teacher in the
San Jose Night School, while attending Stanford
University. In 1913, he took his Bachelor of Arts
degree at Stanford, and the following year received
his M. A. degree.

The story of Roy Bridgman is the record of a
typically ener,getic American lad of the unusually
ambitious and pro,gressive type. At the age of nine,
while attending the grammar school, he delivered
the San Jose Mercury, and wlien he was fourteen
and fifteen, wdiile attending school, he also worked
in Mr; Farthing's glove factory. While a student at
the State L'niversity, he clerked for Levi Elbert, the
San Francisco dru.ggist, and on his return to San
Jose, he had charge of the estate of Samuel y\lley
for a short time. He then joined Walter Johnson.
the San Jose druggist, and soon afterward, he had
charge of a chain of drugstores at Tonopah, Manhat-
tan and C.oidfield, Nevada, for a year. Coming back
to San Jose again, he had a clerkship with Webb,
the druggist, and later was with the Moorehead-
Fleming Dru.g Store.

Since entering into his work as an educator he has
been principal, first of the Franklin school, and then
of the Meridian, in San Jose, wdiile during 1920-21,
he was principal of the Santa Clara schools, then
takin.g the principalship of the San Martin school,

.\t San Alateo, on August 14, 1906, Mr. Bridgman
was married to Miss Ethel White, a native of Ala-
meda, Cal., and the daughter of E. J. and Carrie
(Schmidt) White. Mrs. Bridgman moved to San
Jose when she was a girl, and she attended both the
grammar and hi.gh school, and she is also a grad-
uate of the San Jose State Normal; and having en-
,gaged ill teaching in 1914, she was a tea'cher in the
(.Gardner School. Her home in .'Vlameda, wdiere she
was born, was on the site of the present Elks' Hall.
Mrs. Bridgman's parents were earlj' settlers of Cali-
fornia, and her mother was a cousin of William
Erkson, San Jose's former city clerk. For a number
of years, Mr. Bridgman has made his home at 343
South Second Street. San Jose, wdiere he owns an
.apartment house. He is a Mason, and belongs to
Golden Rule Lodge No. 479, F. & A. M.. San Jose;
and also belongs to San Jose Lodge No. 522, B. P.
O. E. He is a member of the National Educational
.Association. National Geo.graphical Society, Santa
Clara County Schoolmasters' Club, and Phi Delta
Kappa, as well as the San Jose branch of American
Registered Pharmacists.

HIS'rOR\' OF SANTA CM.ARA COUNTY

553

HERBERT EMILE SCHILLING. — A distin-
guished public official of Santa Clara County who has
tor some years past enjoyed the comforts of a retired
private life, is Herbert baiiile Schilling, the eldest
son of Margaret and the late b'rank Sehilhng, a native
of San l''ranciseo, where he was born on August 4,
1861. When one _\ear of age, he was brought to San
Jose; and he has been a continuous resident of this
city ever since. h'rank Schilling died here in 1916,
aged eighty-two years, while his widow is still living
at the old home, aged ninet\-l\\o years, Herbert
Eniile was oldest of their five children. He attended
the local public schools, and in 187S was graduated
from what is now knoN\ u as the Horace Mann vSchool,
then one of the best-known high schools in the state.
He then joined his father in the firearms and sport-
ing goods business, and in time became his partner;
and together they established the well-known firm of
F. Schilling tV- Son at 27 Post Street, and for forty
years he retained bis connection there until bis retire-
ment in 1913. He succeeded so well as a business
man that he now ouns real estate in various places in
the Santa Clara X'alley, and be also has a ranch in
Calaveras County, As early as 1890 he had become a
public man, as he was always a public-spirited citi-
zen, and when thirty-one years of age he was elected
mayor of San Jose by popular vote. He was a mem-
ber of the common council of San Jose for the years
1890-92, and from 1892 to 1894 he was head of the
cit\' government.

A notable e\'ent of the period of bis incumbency as
mayor which may be worthy of special mention was
the passage by the legislature of the State of Cali-
fornia of a joint resolution removing the capital of
the state from its present site at Sacramento to its
former and original location at San Jose, upon con-
dition that the citizens of the latter city and vicinity
should donate ten acres of land for the new capitol
site and $2,000,000 to cover the expenses of the re-
moval The proposition was immediately acted upon
and had progressed to the point where a tract of land
now included in the Naglee Park addition was teitta-
tivei>' offered Ijy the Naglee estate, when proceedings
were halted by a writ of mandate secured by Sacra-
mento County and submitted to the State Supreme
Court. That bod}- ruled against the legality of the
Legislature's act, and so ended the last effort to have
the capital of the state returned to the location where
it rightfully belongs, and from which it was improper-
ly removed. In this great contest, Mayor Scbilliitg
did his full duty; and as a lifelong inember of the
Democratic party, he has always contended that if a
political organization works for the best interests of
the people, it assures both the ultimate acceptance of
its principles and its owit contined existence.

fn Monterey County, on June 18, 1894, Mr. Schil-
ling was married to M. Alice Foster, the daughter
of James P. and Arvilla Foster, of Independence, Mo.
Mr. Foster joined the Union Army at the outbreak
of the Civil War, and died in the performance of bis
duty in September, 1863. The mother brought her
children to California in 1874, and Mrs. Schilling fin-
ished her schooling in Watsonville. Mr. Schilling is
a lover of outdoor life, especially as one may enjoy
it in California; and he spends a part of each year in
the High Sierras, hunting and fishing.

EDMUND NUTTING RICHMOND.— A pioneer

in the fruit industry of Santa Clara County who is
also a native son, is 1{. N. Richmond of San Jose,
where he was born on July 14, 1878. His father was
(.A'orge Richmond, born in England, but who be-
came a resident of Canada and in 1864 came to Cali-
tornia and engaged in the stock busmess in the
northern part of the state and became a well Icnown
rancher in the Sacramento \'alley. Upon locating in
Santa Clara County he interested himself in the fruit
canning industry with the San Jose Cannery, con-
tinuing this line of work as the manager of the dried
fruit department of the Santa Clara County branch
of the J. K. Armsby Company until his retirement in
1903. He had married Rosalie McPhail, born in San
l'"raneisco, the daughter of Andrew McPhail, a prom-
inent business man of that city and one of the
pioneers of California. Mrs. Richmond is still liv-
ing in San Jose, Mr. Richmond having passed away
on December 5, 1918.

Edmund Nutting Richmond attended the public
schools of San Jose, but before completing his high
school course he left his books in 1896, and entered
the employ of J, K. Armsb\' wdiere he became thor-
oughly conversant with ever_\' branch of the fruit
industry," even from preparing the land for planting,
to preparing the crop for the markets, both canned
and dried. This experience \\'as most \'aluable to
ilr. Richmond, so much so, that in 1916 he was
able to embark in business for himself under the
name of E. N. Richmond, continuing with marked
success until 1919, when the business was incorpo-
rated under the name of Richmond-Chase Company,
'.\ith Mr. Richmond as president, and E. E. Chase,
\ice-president. This concern own and operate four
large packing and cannin.g plants in this county and
a very modern cannery at Stockton, where their San
Joaquin Valley business is handled. During the
lius>' seasons the Richmond-Cbase Company employ
from 1,500 to 2,000 people in the various depart-
ments. It is generally conceded that their new con-
crete packing plant and cannery in San Jose are
models of their kind in the entire state. This com-
pany also own a number of orchards in the county,
althou,gh the larger part of their fruit is purchased
from the producers. Their output is well and favor-
ably known throughout the United States for its
,'tandard of ciuality and commands a slable price in
the markets of the world.

The marriage oi E. N. Richmond on April 27,
1'I04, united him with iliss Marie Delitte Brough-
ton, who was born in Illinois, and they are parents
of two sons, Burnell Edmund and Richard Brough-
ton. Mr. Richmond is vice-president of the Bean
Spray Pump Company, and a director of the San
Jose Building and Loan Association, which has aided
very materially in making San Jose a city of homes.
He belongs to the Sainte Claire, the Commercial
and the Country clubs of San Jose; also the Cham-
ber of Commerce, of which be served as jiresident in
1912-1913; for two years be served as the president
of the Board of ICducation. FTaternall}- be is a Ma-
son and in politics is a Republican in national affairs,
but strictly non-partisan in local matters. At all
times he is ready to do bis part in aidin,g those
measures that have for their aim the upbuilding as
well as the building up of town, county and state.
It is, however, in the fruit industry where he is best
known and counted one of the pioneers in the Santa
Clara Vallej',

554

HISTORY OF SANTA CF.ARA COUNTY

ALEXANDER MONTGOMERY.— Among the

pioneers of Cupertino, whose influence for advance-
ment has been felt throughout the country, is Alex-
ander Montgomery. He was born at Wern Point,
County Down, Ireland, in 1840, the son of Samuel
and Elizabeth (Thompson) Montgomery, natives of
Ireland of Scotch parents. Alexander received his
education in the schools of Ireland and in 1859 em-
barked for the United States. He came first to Pitts-
burgh, Pa., and remained there until 1865, when he
landed in Santa Clara County. His brother John had
preceded him to California as earl)' as 1852 and was
engaged in mining. When Alexander left Pittsburgh,
he came via the Isthmus route to San Francisco, and
from there he went to Virginia City. Nev., walking
all the way from Sacramento. He was engaged in
various occupations, working in a mill for a time,
then for two years worked in the strawberry indus-
try. In 1867, lie purchased forty acres near the
Lincoln schoolhouse on the Mountain \'iew Road at
ten dollars per acre. The next four years he was
occupied in clearing Ibis land and in 1870 he had a
fine >"ield of wheat but the following year he sold his
place and went to work for Thomas Kerwin west
of Hollister. L'poii arriving in California he tried
to locate his brother, who had been lost track of,
as there had been no letters to the mother in Ire-
land for several years. .\le,xander finally found his
brother's old partner, who said that John, with a
partner, had gone to the mines near Boise City and
had been killed by the Indians. The mother would
not believe the sad news, sa>'ing that she knew that
he was still alive. While at Hollister on a hunt-
ing trip he ran across a man who asked Alexander
if he had a brother in British Columbia, saying:
"There is a minin.g man at Kootenajr that looks
just like you and his name is John ]\Iont,goniery,"
Alexander wrote and in due time received a reply
asking him to come up and share in the mining
enterprise. Alexander made his way there, a very
hard trip, being stranded in the snow and Avithout
food for four days. It was a pleasant reunion
and after that there \vere regular remittances to
the mother in Ireland. .'\fter eighteen months
Ale.xaniler decided he did not like the cold winters
of British Columbia and returning to California,
he I'urrhased 160 acres m-ar Cniiertino on Ste\'ens
Creek Road for $5,0011. It was raw land, thick
with lirush and trees, but he clearefl it and began
rai>in,g wheat. In about two years he received
a letter from his lirother that he was sick and dying,
so .-VUxander ininiedialeh" went to Walla Walla
where be purchased a horse, and started on the
800-milc trip to Kootenay. ()n the way he met his
brother coming out with a pack train, just able to
travel after recovering from pneumonia, but far
from well. John told Alexander to go on and take
charge of things and he would go on to Walla A\'alla,
then on to San Francisco, but he died about a week
after arriving in San Francisco. Mr. Alontgomery
arriving in Kootenay, took charge of affairs and ran
the store until he could sell out the entire holdings,
sending his mother the monej' his brother left, which
was sufficient to make her independent and comfort-
able her remaining da>'s. He then relurncd to his
farm at Cupertino after two summers .and a winter
in the North, and resumed r.ancbing. He A\as the
first man to grow wheat on this kind of land in this
section, and it was such a novelty that people came

from different parts of the county to see his wheat
crop. He was ever willing to give his neighbors the
benefit of his experience and assisted them in the
clearing of their land. He was successful in having
an abundant yield from his acres, and as a stimula-
tion to greater activity along agricultural lines, he
made a wager that his particular ranch could beat
anything in Santa Clara County in producing wheat.
His yield was one and one-half tons of clean wheat
to the acre. He also engaged in dairying, bringing
the first fine Jersey cows to this section. He set out
a si.xty-acre vineyard, built a winery and a distillery,
manufactured cream of tartar and made the first
prund brandy, thus making a market for small and
unsaleable prunes. After the prune brandy was intro-
duced in the Eastern states, he received orders for car
load lots and the revenue paid the Government was
over $18,000 a year. He closed the winery and dis-
tillery some years ago and devotes his time to horti-
culture, having set out orchards of prunes and apri-
cots and built a large, fine residence with well-kept,
attractive premises. He built a store on the corner
of his ranch and established a merchandise business,
and when the railroad came he offered them $1,000
if the\- would put it on the other side of the road,
but to no avail; he then bought five acres across the
road and laid it out in lots and moved the store to
the new corner location and built an addition to it.
It was run by the Home Union for ten years, then
by Dixon & Wilson, ."Vrchibald Wilson being Mr.
Montgomery's nephew; later the store was incorpor-
ated as the Cupertino Store, Inc.. of which Mr. Wil-
son is president and manager and the business has
growni very large and successful, being now one of
the largest mercantile establishments in Santa Clara
County, outside of San Jose.

In the early days, Mr. Montgomery was a member
of the Prcsb\-terian Church in San Jose and there he
met a young lady, Jdiss Mary Jane Mcllrath, who
Avas born al.iout five miles from his birthplace in
Scotland and bad come to San Jose to visit her
brother, the acquaintance thus formed resulted in
their marriage. She was a splendid woman and an
able helpmate, aiding him in his dairying and horti-
cultural enterprises. ^Ir. Montgomery gave the site
for the Presb\'terian Church and was the largest
contributor to its building and he has been the main-
stay of the church. His wife, who was also a devout
member, passed away September 6, 1919, at the family
home. Mr. Montgomery is an adherent of the prin-
cijilcs of the Republican party, and served as post-
master of Cupertino for several years. It is most
interesting to converse with him of the early days
A\beii this was a frontier region and he can well be
proud of his part in the growth and prosperity of the
Santa Clara Valle}-.

ROBERT A. McARTHUR.— An energetic and
prosperous rancher is found in Robert A. Mc.A.rthur,
who is the manager of his mother's orchard prop-
erty. He was born in the rural district near Sioux
City, Iowa, on October 13. 1893, the son of Alexan-
der and Ida (Sturtz) McArthur. The mother was
born in Iowa and descended from an old Pennsyl-
vania family, while the father came from Ayr. Scot-
land, to America wdien twelve years old, wath his
parents, who located in Cook County, Ill.,_ and
farmed on land that is now built as the city of Chi-
cago. Later, they went to Iowa and began farming
in Sioux County. He acquired two sections of land.

OlXli- //l-dnJfdH^t£^

cJnoJiAA L ala^uyutaavnJiA/U

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUN'IA'

raised short horn cattlo aiul ciigaued in general
in Sioux County. His father acciuirud two sections of
land, raised short horn cattle and engaged in general
farming. In 19(12 he removed to Santa Clara County
and purchased a ranch cm Pine and Lincoln in the
Willow Glen district, and here he resided until his
death in 1909, aged sevent)--two years. Now his
widow resides on Morrison Avenue. San Jose. Mr.
and Mrs. Alexander McArthur were the parents of
five children: John A.; Robert A., of this sketch;
William E.: ^lary; Ralph K. Coming to California
when nine years of age. Robert A. received his edu-
cation in the \\'illow dlen grammar school and the
San Jose high school, where he w'as graduated in
1912. This completed his education except for a
semester at Stanford University in 1914-15. In 1912,
in company with his brother, John A., he went to
Alberta. Canada, and bought a half section of land
and engaged in wheat-raising. More land was added
until now they own two sections of land near the
town of Gleichcn. In 1920 Robert A. returned to
Santa Clara County, but his brother remained in
Canada in charge of the ranch.

In 1918 Mr. McArthur made a trip to Atchison
County, ilo.. where he was married on December S,
to Leora Kime, a daughter of J. A. and Roxanna
(Clark) Kime. Her parents were frontier folks in
Missouri, her father arriving before the railroads were
built, and she is the second oldest of a family of five
children: Kenlen, Leora, Harold, Alfred, and Mil-
dred. Mr. and JSIrs. McArthur are the parents of
two children. Jean and Dorothy. In 1919 Mr. Mc-
Arthur's mother purchased a forty-acre ranch set to
prunes, peaches, cherries and apricots, on the Home-
stead Road adjoining the Stevens Creek Road; and
in 1920 an additional thirty-two acres was added
about three-quarters of a mile from the first ranch
and located on the Homestead Road. Both ranches,
comprising seventy-two acres, are devoted to or-
chards of full-bearing trees and are irrigated from
the same well. JMr. ^McArthur is a Knights Tem-
plar ilason and Shriner, and with his wife is a
member of the Eastern Star, and he is also a mem-
ber of Stanford Chapter Theta Delta Chi. He has
been a close student of horticulture and thus has
become a well-posted and successful orchardist.

ARTHUR BURR LANGFORD.— More than any
ether state in the Union, California traces its vigor-
ous growth and prosperity directly to the sturdy
character and untiring perseverance of its pioneers,
and fortunate among those of the present generation
who have inherited from their ancestors these same
noble qualities is Arthur Burr Langford, ex-sheriff
of Santa Clara County. He was born at Concow,
a stage station in Culte County, Cak, on May 4,
1878, the son of Robert Jackson and Frances Helen
(Freeman) Langford, the former of old Welsh stock
and the latter of Scotch descent.

The Langfords are numbered among the settlers
of the Jamestown Colony in the earliest days of our
country — their names are found in Virginia as early
as 1668, and during the Colonial and Revolutionary
wars their names are also found enrolled in the army
of patriots. The grandfather of our subject, Pleas-
ant Shields Langford, was born in Albemarle
County, Va., but following the trend of migration
w-estward with hundreds of others in whom the
pioneer spirit was strong, he lived in Indiana and

( lliio, tlu'ii settled in Wa.sliinglon Count)-, Iowa,
where he remained nnlii the sl>ring of 185,5. Setting
out lor t.':ilifornia, he ;irri\ed in tlie Golden St.ale
on Septi'Uibrr 15 of th:il _\-ear and for :i time settled
at Santa Clar:i, later taking u]) a (".overnnient claim
in the \ieinily ol l!:niiter's Gulch, near Los Gatos,
where he erected the lamily home, which is still
st:inding. Pleasant Shields Langford was the father
of eleven children, only one of whom is now living,
11. Clarence Langford of Sati Jose. Of the other
sons, [-cober; Jackson L.anglord, the fa.ther of onr
subject, was born in Iowa in 1852, so was but one
\e;ir old wlu n his jiarents came to Califrjrnia, and
the remainder of his life "was spent in Santa Clara
(."ouuty. He was prominent in (he business life of
the community and for twenty-tv\o years a dealer in
wholesale and retail meat. In 1898 he was elected
sheriff of Santa Clara County, taking office in Janu-
.'iry, 1899, and had ser\-ed two >ears of his second
term when lie jiassed away on I'ebruary 20, 1905.
honored as an efficient public service. Mrs. Robert
Langford was born in Illinois .and came across the
idains in an ox-team train in 1865. the famil\- settling
in San Jose. J-ihe is the mother of three children:
Arthur Burr Langford of this sketch; Claude Pleas-
ant Langford. who died in childhood, and Lio Morse
Langford, an emplo\-e of the Standard Oil Company
at San Jose, where Mrs. Langford still resides.

After finishing the grammar school, Arthur B.
Langford pursued the usual courses of study in the
high school, graduating with the class of '97; and
when he ventured into the world for himself, he
tried the butcher trade, mining in British Columbia,
and r.anching, riding the r.ange for Miller & Lux.
In l''()l he was deputy sheriff under his father and
in 1906 he was elected sheriff, following the demise
of Robert J. Langford. He was elected twice there-
after and in all served as sheriff for twelve consecu-
tive >'ears. the longest i^eriod this office has ever
been held, a tribute to the efficiency and capability
with which he discharged the duties of this
responsible post.

On March 30. 1904. Mr. Langford was married at
Santa Clara to Miss Alice Lovell, the accomplished
reiiresent.'itive of an old pioneer family. Her parents
were John A. and Kda (Jackson) Loveli. and her
paternal grandfather came to California as early as
1849, returning East and bringing his famiK- here
in 1853. Grandfather Jackson w^as also numbered
among California's early settlers and was provost-
marshal of San Francisco during the Civil \Yar.
Mr. Langford is a Mason, a memlier and past master
of IVaternity Lodge No. 399. F. cK: A. M.; life mem-
ber of Howard Chapter No. 14, R. A. M.; San Jose
Council No. 20, R. & S. M.; San Jose Commandery
No. 10, K. T.; a life member of Islam Temple. A. A.
O. X. M. S., San Francisco, and past patron. Frat-
ernitv Chapter No. 288. O. E. S. He also is a
member of Garden Citv Lodge No. 142, I. O. O. F.;
San Jose Lod.ge No. 522, B. P. O. Elks: Observatory
Parlor No. 177, N. S. G. W.. serving as president
for two terms; Society of California I^ioneers nt
Santa Clara County; Saji Jose Lodge No. 47. K. of
P.; Alamo Camp No. 8(1. W. C>. W.; the National
LTnion, and San Jose Tent No. 27. K. O. T. il., of
which he is past commander. Mr. Langford is a
Re|)ul:>lican. but his sympathies and interests extend
far beyond the confines of his p.arty. so that he ma>-
always be founrl supporting every progressive
measure for the conununity's welfare.

560

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

LENORA CANTUA.— A representative of an old
and esteemed family of Santa Clara County is Miss
Lenora Cantua, the only surviving child of her fa-
ther, Joseph Manuel Cantua, who was born in Santa
Clara in 1828. She was l)orn near the new Almaden
Mines, Santa Clara County, Cal., May 20, 1872, and
was the youngest of the family. Her father removed
to the Almaden district when he was thirty years of
a.ge and engaged in raising cattle and sheep and
became the owner of considerable land well stocked
with cattle and sheep. He married Raniona Beulna,
a native of California, born in Monterey in 1837, and
they were the parents of the following children':
Haviel, who died when fort)' years old; Manuela,
passed awa\' aged si.xty-five, the mother of sixteen
children; Joseph is survived by two children, who live
in San Jose; Isabel died an infant; the next .girl
was also named Isabel, who lived to the age of sixty-
fi\'e; Charles; Amelia; Theodora; Tiothilo; Antonio
1"..; Lenora, our subject; then the next son was named
.\ntonio. All are deceased except Lenora Cantua.
Her father passed away on May 4, 1890, at the age
of sixty-two years and her mother died on May 6,
10110, aged sixty-three.

During the >'ear of 1876 the family removed to the
ranch home m the L'\'as district, which is now the
property of our subject, and consists of 317 acres of
tine land beautifully located, rolling and wooded.
Miss Cantua has adoptetl a bright boy by the name
of Adolph Bosques, who was born in San Jose Feb-
ruar)- 18, 19116, a son of Charles Bosques, and wdio
was taken into her home A\"hen only three years of
age. He takes an active interest in helping with the
work on the ranch and is being trained for the man-
a.gement. which he will assume within a few years.
The Cantua rancho is devoted to the raising of
grapes and fruit, anfl also supports several head of
cattle, much of the ranch being fine grazing land.
Miss Cantua by hard work and good management
has ample means and is held in high esteem by all
who know her.

RICHARD FELIX ROBERTSON.— Occupying

a i)Osition of distin.guishefl ];)referment as a represent-
ative of the bar of San Jose and a prominent fi.gure
in the iiublic life ol the state, Richard Felix Robert-
son has attempted important things and accomijlished
what he has attempted. He is a man of unusual men-
tal versatilit\' and in every siihere of life in which he
has acted he has lelt an indelible impress through
his ability and tireless energy, which never falls short
of the successful aeconqjiishment of its purpose. He
is of Scotch descent, the ancestry in the paternal
line being traced bai'k to the Robertson family of
Perth, Scotland, who emigrated to X'irginia and were
contenqioraries of Laiiiel Ilooiie ill the settlement of
Kentucky. In the maternal line he is a direct de-
scendant of Dr. Manuel Hedeza, who was a surgeon
in the army of vSpain anfl went to Mexico while that
country was still under Spanish rule.

Richard F. Roliertson was born in Mazatlan, Mex-
ico, October 12, 1863, a son of Richard Lew Robert-
son, who served as United States consul at that city
from October, 1861, until March, 1864. He married
Canuta Hedeza, who was born in Culiacan, Mexico.
In the juiblic schools of San Francisco, Cal., their
son, Richard F". Roliertson, pursued his education
and he was later graduated from the Kent Colle.ge
of La -A- of that cit\-. Fie started out in life as a

messenger boy, working for the American District
Telegraph Company from 1879 until 1881, when he
resigned his position to accept employment in the
ticket office of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
Railroad Company, F'ollowing the amalgamation of
this road with the three others running parallel to
it, and the consequent reduction in the number of
employes, he entered the service of the Southern Pa-
cihc, acting as interpreter and translator of Spanish,
and also working in the construction department.
On November 1, 1883, he went to visit his people,
wdio were then residing in Los Gatos, Cal., and being
favorably impressed with the place, he decided to
make it his home, accepting a position with the
Southern Pacific Railroad, with wdiich he remained
until April, 1884. He was the first to suggest to that
company the advisability of the Mayfield cut-off,
thereby decreasing the railroad distance of twelve
miles to Los Gatos and to Santa Cruz, and this also
gave railroad service to a section which had been
built up, Ijut with no adequate railroad facilities.

In ,\iiril. 1884, Mr. Robertson engaged in the hotel
business in partnership with his stepfather, A. Berry-
man, and in April, 1887, they sold out to the late
Charles \Y. Holden. Later they secured from Har-
vey Wilcox the lease of the corner upon which now
stands the First Xational Bank in Los Gatos and ac-
quired the insurance agency of the old and well-
known firm of Proctor & Trailer, which Mr. Wilcox
was at that time conducting. They operated the
business under the firm name of Berryman & Rob-
ertson until 1003, when they disposed of the enter-
prise to Milligan Brothers & Company. In 1885 Mr.
Robertson's initiative spirit led him to become one
of the founders and constructors of the Los Gatos
Gas Works, and in 1889 he became one of the organ-
izers of the Commercial Bank of Los Gatos, and
also of the Los Gatos Building & Loan Association,
In the same year he [danned the Los Gatos Ceme-
ter\- and for tweh-e >-ears was its secretary and
surierintendent.

In 1895 Mr. Robertson took up the study of law
and was admitted to practice in 1898. He became one
of the organizers of the League of California Muni-
cipalities and for seven years was a member of the
committee on judiciary. He aided in drafting and
proposing laws to the legislature concerning the gov-
ernment of cities and acted in an advisory capacity
to the committee on law of the Assembly and com-
mittee of jurisprudence of the Senate. He likewise
drafted the articles for the incorporation of the city
of Mayfield. In 1903 he opened an office in the
.-Vuzerais Building, where he remained until the
erection of the First National Bank Building, when
he established his office there. In 1915, following
the death of Mrs. Robertson, he became a resident
of San Jose, where he has since followed his pro-
fession, and the list of bis clients is now an extensive
one. ITis legal learning, his analytical mind, the read-
iness with wdiich he grasps the points in argument,
all combine to make him one of the most capable
lawyers who has ever practiced in Santa Clara
County and the public and the profession acknowl-
edge him the peer of the ablest representatives of the
bar of this city. From 1898 until 1905 he served as
city attorney- of Los C^atos. making a most creditable
record in that office.

HISTORY OF SANTA CF.ARA COUNTY

563

At Los Gatos, on January 5, 1887, Mr. Robertson
was united in marriaRo to Miss Cassie Shannon, a
daughter of Thomas and Amanda (Blackford) Shan-
non. Her father was one of the original party of
Jayhawkers, coming; to California througli Death
\'alley in 184*^'. Four children were horn of tliis
union, two of whom survive: Wilfred F. Robertson
married Edith M. Shephard, of San Jose, and they
reside at Sacramento, Cal. Durinp; the World War
he enlisted in the I'. S. Navy and rose to tlie rank
of yeoman. Ynez Amanda married Justus Verne
Cook, of Oakland. Mr. Cook also served in the
Xavy as chief yeoman.

Mr. Robertson is a member of Trinity Episcopal
Church of San Jose, and fraternally he is identified
with the Elks, belonging to San Jose Lodge, No.
>22. He is also connected with the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows, being a past noble grand of
Ridgely Lodge, No. 294, of Los Gatos, and he has
also held office in the Knights of Pythias, being a
past chancellor of Los Gatos Lodge, No. 175, now
consolidated with San Jose Lodge, No. 47, in which
lie still maintains his membership. He is likewise a
prominent Mason, belonging to Los Gatos Lodge,
No. 292, F. & .\. M., of which he is a past master;
Howard Chapter, No. 14, R. A. AL; San Jose Coun-
cil, No. 20, R. iSc S. M.; and San Jose Commandery,
No. II). K. T. He is a stanch Republican in his po-
litical views and a leader in the ranks of the party.
He has several times served as a delegate to the
county Republican conventions, of which he once
acted as secretary, and in 1896 was secretary of the
McKinley League of Los Gatos.

Mr. Robertson is also a veteran of the World War
and his military record is one of which he may well
feel proud. On August 5, 1917, he enlisted in the
One Hundred and F'orty-fourth Field Artillery,
which became known as the "Grizzlies," and in No-
vember, 1917, ^\■as transferred to the One Hundred
and Fift}'--ninth Lifantry. In Januar_v, 1918, he re-
ceived orders from Washington, D. C, to assist in
forming the First Army Headquarters Regiment, a
requirement of the Government being that its mem-
bers should be able to converse in French and other
Continental languages, as from its ranks men were to
be selected to act as military police, in charge of
areas in France under American jurisdiction. Mr.
Robertson was one of the first four men selected to
open up the secret service office in Paris under com-
mand of the provost-marshal. He was also at head-
quarters in Tours for nine months, and during his
service abroad was sent as confidential representa-
tive of the Government to various places in France
and Spain. He served under General Connor and
Brigadier-General Bandholtz. On November 30,
1919, the Paris ofifice was closed and on December
21 he returned to the United States, receiving his
discharge at New York City, February 28, 1920. His
life has been one of intense activity, intelligently
directed into those channels through which flows
the greatest good to the greatest number, and his
efforts have brought him a measure of success that
is most desirable and have also proven of benefit to
his fellowmen in many fields. The nature and mag-
nitude of his work in public and private connections
have constituted a factor in California's promotion,
power and prominence and he stands as a high type
of American manhood and citizenship.

JOHN HUGHES.— .A retired railroad man with a
most enviable record of nearly two score years of
faithful, fruitful service in the employ of the Southern
Pacific Railroad, John Hughes, of Agnew, Santa
Clara County, is a representative Irish-American
citizen such as any community would be proud to
number among its progressive citizens. As a matter
ot fact, he owns perhaps one-fourth of the town of
Agiiew, and so may easily be regarded as one of the
leading residents in that flourishing part of the state.

He was born at Claremorris, County Mayo, Ire-
land, on June 24, 1856, the son of James Hughes, a
well-known farmer and contractor, who built and
kept in repair many of the important post-roads in
that countr>-. He had married Miss Margaret Gay-
nord, of County Mayo, and they became the parents
of eight children, four boys and four girls. One of
the sons, James Hughes, a brother of our subject, is
maintenance of way foreman of the Northwestern
Pacific Railway, and resides at San Rafael.

FMucated in Ireland, John Hughes came to Amer-
ica in 1880; and after a residence of two years in
New \'ork State, he came west to California. Oak-
land seemed to appeal to him most; and there, engag-
ing with the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, in
its construction work, he quickly showed such pro-
ficiency that he was made foreman. He continued
with that company for thirty-seven years, or until
he retired, and came to have as many as 150 men
under him; and few if any construction bosses en-
joyed a record for greater ability or dependability.
During the building of the Pacific Coast Railway, he
was construction foreman under L- Fillmore, the di-
vision superintendent at Santa Barbara.

Mr. Hughes came to Santa Clara when he was
twenty-one years of age, and he remained there for
thirteen years; and after that he removed to Agnew,
where he became a foreman of a special .gang, and
then foreman of larger gangs. Only in 1917 was he
persuaded to retire and enjoy the fruits of his hard
work at Agnew. As such an honored employe of
the company he has a life pass over the entire rail-
wa}' system, and is thus encouraged to see something
of the outside world.

B}' a first marriage, Mr. Hughes had one child,
now Miss Mar3' Hu.ghes, a trained nurse of San Jose;
and at his second marriage, in Santa Clara, he was
united with Miss Alice Costello, a native of Ireland
who grew up in California. They have had ten chil-
dren: James is employed by the Southern I'acific
Railway and resides at Agnew; Thomas, an exem-
plary young man, of wonderful physique, attained a
height of six feet four inches, and was a Southern
Pacific brakeman, and was killed in a railwa\' acci-
dent wdien he was only twenty-one years of a.ge;
Jeannette is the wife of Anthony La Mar, and re-
sides at Agnew; Margaret is at home; John, em-
plo3'ed by the Southern Pacific, married Miss Ger-
trude McNamara. and resides at Porta Costa: Wil-
liam died when he «-as three and a half years old;
Catherine graduated from Santa Clara lii.gh school
and is now attending the State Teachers' Colle.ge at
San Jose, and her sister, Anna, is a student in the
San Jose high school, while Michael Francis is at
the high school at Santa Clara, and I'eter still en-
joys the shelter of the paternal roof. The family at-
tend the Roman Catholic Church at Santa Clara.

564

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

IRWIN EDGAR POMEROY.— A man of much
native ability and business acumen, who is a practical
orchardist. having contributed much toward the pres-
ent high and flourishing development of horticulture
in Santa Clara County, is Irwin E. Pomeroy, one of
the original organizers of the California Prune and
Apricot Association, a trustee from the beginning,
and now chairman of the board of trustees. He is a
native son — a fact which makes his subsequent rela-
tion to California all the more interesting; and he
was born in this county on the fifteenth of December,
1870. His father was Marshall Pomeroy, whose life
story is found on another page of this volume.

Irwin E. passed through the various grades of the
public schools, and then in order the better to equip
himself for the necessary tussle with the world, he
took a business course for which the College of the
Pacific was famous. After graduating from the com-
mercial department in 1889, he assumed charge of the
Pomeroy orchard, and he is still the efficient man-
ager. In 1899 the members of the Pomeroy family
incorporated the Pomeroy Orchard Company, of
which the pioneer, Marshall Pomeroy, was the foun-
der and is still president, while Irwin E. has been
its manager and treasurer. The company has 120
acres of various sorts of fruit trees, and so well has
he developed this extensi\'e area that it is today one
of the choicest ranch properties of its kind in the
county. Believing cooperation is the only successful
means of making a success of marketing the fruit
raised by the farmers, Mr. Pomeroy has been active
in the various cooperative organizations in the count>'
and was one of the organizers of the present Cali-
fornia Prune and Apricot Association, in which he
has taken an active part in assisting in guiding its
destinies to the present successful issue. A member
of the board of trustees from the beginning, his serv-
ices have been recognized b)' his bein.g elected chair-
man of the board of trustees and a member of the
executive committee. He was a director and vice-
president of the old Santa Clara Valley Bank until it
was purchased by the Bank of Italy, and is now vice-
chairman of its local board of directors. He is treas-
urer of the Knowles Pottery Company, a new indus-
try just built in Santa Clara for the manufacture of
fine china and iiorcelain Avare.

When Mr. i'omero}- married at Santa Clara, on
ilay S, 19(1(1. he took for his wife Miss Florence
ilabel iJaw^uii, a native of San Jose and a member
of a pioneer family, among the very first canners of
fruit in Santa Clara County. She is a graduate of
the San Jose State Normal School, hour children
have blessed the happy union: Marshall E., Irwin
Edgar, Jr., Clara Belle, and Thomas Dawson. The
family attends the Episcopal Church, and Mr. Pom-
eroy belongs to the Lions Club, the Automobile Club,
the Chamber of Commerce, and is a charter member
of the Commercial Club; he is also a hearty supporter
of the Republican party, although he does not allow
his partisanship to interfere with his endorsement
and aid of the Ijest obtainable, under whatever ban-
ner, for the community in which he lives and thrives.

FRANK C. WILCOX.— An experienced rancher
who is exreiitionally efficient in executive capacity
is Frank C Wilcox, the popular ranch foreman for
Richmond-Chase, He was born in Rhode Island on
April 21, 1861, the son of Grin P. Wilcox, a watch-
maker ])\' trade, a native Rhode Islander, who had
married Miss Sarah E. Peckham, also of that state,
and theA- had seven children. Horace C. is now at

Watsonville; Emma is deceased: Jessie has become
Mrs. Howard, of Marshfield, Ore.; Frank C. is the
fourth of the family; Percy G. is deceased; Hattie is
Mrs. G. A. Tuttle of Watsonville; Orina is also de-
ceased. Orin Wilcox came out to California in Oc-
tober, 1861, and settled at Watsonville, where he
engaged in the jewelry business until his death in
that place in 1902. Mrs. Wilcox is still living at
Watsonville, at the age of eighty-seven years,

Frank Wilcox went to school for awhile at Ir-
vington, in Alameda County, and then at a very
early age he pushed out into the world for himself.
He took up whatever proved most remunerative, did
clerical work, and also went from "broncho-busting"
to teaming. When able to do so, he attended the
Commercial College at Irvin,gton, and then he took
a position with White & De Harts of Watsonville,
as a clerk in their sawmill, and since 1881 he has
been residing in both San Jose and Watsonville.
F'or a number of years Mr. Wilcox was foreman for
Mr. AValter Curtner, and he had charge of his sheep-
herding camps throughout California; then, for three
years, he engaged in horse-training in San Jose,
\A'armsprings or Sunol ; and then he returned to
AVatsonville and again became a clerk in the saw-
mill of White & De Harts.

Mr. Wilcox was also foreman for D. I. A. Frazer
of San Jose, for fourteen years, and he spent one
year with the Flickingers of Berryessa in their pack-
ing plant. He was also foreman for the George Her-
bert Orchard of San Jose. In 1918 he became fore-
man of the Dutard Ranch of San Francisco, some
110 acres lying along the Piedmont Road, south of
the Sierra Road. Since that time, the Richmond-
Chase Company of San Jose has purchased the
ranch, but Mr. Wilcox has remained there as ranch
foreman. This ranch is devoted largely to the grow-
ing of apricots. Mr. Wilcox is a Republican, and
:m enthusiastic booster for local progress.

-\t Santa Cruz on April 24, 1892, Mr. Wilcox was
married to Miss Mary White, a native of the Cala-
\-eras A'alley east of the town of Milpitas. Her par-
ents Avere Edward and Mary White, and the former
came to California about 1866, from Galway, Ireland.
Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Wilcox:
Edna IS Jilrs. F. I. Moore of Hollywood; Percie is
Mrs. F. A. Rose of San Jose; Mabel married Wil-
liam Giacomazzi and lives at Milpitas; Ethel is at
home. :Mr. AVilcox is a member of the Alum Rock
Camp of the W. O. W., and for a long time ha?
served the lodge as clerk.

EDWARD AND AUGUSTA SCHLAUDT.-
Among the many capable and thriving horticultural-
ists of Santa Clara County, Edward Schlaudt, of San
Jose, holds a note\vorthy position. A man of versa-
tile talents, energetic and progressive, he has met
A\ith good success in his business operations, and is
ever\-where respected as a citizen of worth and in-
tegri'tv. To his wife, who is an etjual partner jn the
successful florist business located at 119 South Second
Street, Mr. Schlaudt accords the honor of being the
founder and manager of this flourishing business.

Edward Schlaudt was born March 13, 1860, at
Lawrenceburg, Ind., the son of George Phillip and
Christine Schlaudt, both natives of Germany, where
thev vcerc reared and married: the father, who was
emploved m a furniture factory at Lawrenceburg,
lived to be seventy-eight, and the mother seventy-

HISTORY OF SANTA CL \RA COliNTV

567

five. They were the parents of seven children, of
whom Edward was the fourth; two brotliers had re-
moved to Kansas, one of the hrotliers, Henry, had
estabHshed a shoe store, and while on a visit to his
home in Lawrenceburg. liad told such glowing sto-
ries of the advantages of Kansas, that when he was
ready to return, his brother. Edward, went with him
and became interested with his brother in tlie shoe
business in Topeka, and was thus engaged for seven
years. I^'revious to his removal to Kansas, lie had
worked in the factory which employed his father.

The marriage of ilr. Schlaudt in 1880 united him
with Miss Augusta Hoeffmer, and they arc the par-
ents of three children: Mrs. Mabel Kendall of San
Jose; Chester E., who attends to tlie nursery and
greenhouses, married Miss !Minta Helms; Alerl is the
wife of Jerry Eliam. and they are residents of San
Francisco. In 1881 !Mr. and Mrs. Schlaudt came to
San Jose, and in 1882 Mrs. Schlaudt conceived the
idea of raising flowers for market, while Mr.
Schlaudt was engaged in the trade of carpentry. Dur-
ing his spare moments, a small greenhouse was con-
structed. Airs. Schlaudt worked with intelligence,
energy and a determination that meant success, and
soon !Mr, Schlaudt was called upon to build the
second greenhouse, and as the busmess prospered,
more were built, until at the present time there are
seven greenhouses on lands contiguous to their nur-
sery and adjacent to their residence at 625 North
Second Street, San Jose. Seven >'ears ago they
started a retail store across from their present loca-
tion, but very soon they found it too small, so in
about a year thej- leased the building at 119
South Second Street and their business has
grown to fine proportions. They carry a fine
stock of cut flowers, frames, ornaments, flower
seeds, vegetable plants, potted and flowering plants,
and are prepared to make floral designs for weddings,
funerals and other occasions, and enjoy a large pa-
tronage. They own considerable valuable property,
which is increasing in value steadily, and are as-
sociated as stockholders in the Nucleus Building and
Loan Association; also in the Farmers' Union Bank
of San Jose. ;Mr. Schlaudt is a stanch Republican,
serving on the election board of the nineteenth pre-
cinct of San Jose for twenty years, consecutively.
Fraternally he is a member of the Elks, Eagles, Fra-
ternal Brotherhood, Odd Fellows and Woodmen of
the World. His son, Chester E., is a member of the
Masons, and Mrs. Schlaudt is a member of the
Eastern Star and the Rebekahs; also of the Woman's
Relief Corps. The family are consistent and hon-
ored members of the Grace Lutheran Church of San
Jose. Mr. and Mrs. Schlaudt are broad-minded,
public-spirited, honored by all who know them, and
popular because of their many amiable traits.

JOHN McBAIN. — A building contractor who has
made for himself an enviable reputation as a first-
class contractor in building, both for the originality
of his up-to-date work and the thoroughness and de-
pendability of his workmanship, is John McBain of
Noble Avenue, about two and a half miles east of
Berryessa. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on
January 29, 1877, the son of Angus and Elizabeth
(Saugec) McBain — the former a descendant of an
old-line Scotch family, the latter a native of Bo-
hemia, of Czecho-Slovanian ancestry. Mr. McBain

was a building contractor, well known in (Glasgow
for his extensive operations; and it is rather natural
that our subject should also rise to prominence in
this licld.

After attending the graded school until he was
eleven years old, John set out to make his own liv-
mg. He ser\'ed an ap|)renticeship under John Forbes
of ("ilasgow, and when nineteen commenced to con-
tract on his own responsibility. He did well enough
in the crowded Old World, but was sure that he
coulil do better in the New; and s(j, in 1902, he
crossed the ocean to New York, where he remained
for three years, busy buildin.g as a contractijr. Then,
in 1905, he came to San Francisco, and there he
worked for six months. ■ His next shift took him to
San ^vlateo, but he stayed only a short while and
went on to Sacramento, in which cit\- various com-
panies kept him engaged for a year and a half.

In l')08, Mr. McBain removed to Mountain View,
Santa Clara County, \vhere he made his residence,
at the same time he started to contract in San Mateo,
He also established himself at Burlingame, where he
lived for about three years. In 1918 he purchased a
ranch of thirty acres on Noble Road, east of Berry-
essa, and he has lived on this ranch ever since. He
also owns ten acres at Mountain View. Both of
these ranches arc set out with apricot trees, and both
are irrigated. He also owns a ranch of seventy-six
acres on the Calaveras Road, in the hills east of Mil-
pitas, where part of the land is given to an apricot
orchard, and part to the raising of ha}'.

At Sausalito, on January 2, 1906, Mr. McBain was
married to ]\liss Emma Carlson, a native of San Jose
and the dau.ghter of John and Johanna (Johnson)
Carlson. Her father came to California from Chi-
cago in 1874, and for years had a well-known hotel
at the corner of Second and San Fernando streets,
and in the hotel field he continued until 1883. Her
mother died in her fifty-sixth year, Mrs. McBain at-
tended the old Lincoln, and later the Horace Mann
school, and still later she went to the Hester and
the Mountain View schools. She also was a student
for two years at the San Jose high school, and after
that she pursued a business college course. A sister of
Mrs. McBain, named Anna, is married and has be-
come Mrs. McComb Houghton of Astoria. Five
children have blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Mc-
Bain; Edith J,, Frank E., Angus Carlson, John
Charles and Dorris Joan, and they are all in the San
Jose schools. Mr. and Mrs. McBain are stanch Re-
publicans, and Mr. McBain is a member of the B. P.
O. E., belonging to the San Mateo lodge. He also
belongs to the Masons of Mountain View, and to the
Scottish Rite body at San Francisco.

Mr. McBain is the second in a family of eight
children, Mary, the firstborn, has become Mrs.
Duncan McClellan of Dennistoun, a suburb of Glas-
gow. Theresa is at Pacific Grove; Christina is Mrs.
Darrah of Mountain View; Frank lives at Portland;
Angus is at Mountain View, and Elizabeth lives at
the same place; William, who gave his life during
the World War; Frank served from 1917 to 1919
with the Canadian engineers and went through the
worst of the fighting w-ithout sustaining a wound.
He was also one of the Army of Occupation. Wil-
liam enlisted in 1914 with the Scotch Highland In-
fantry, and went through some terrible battles, and
was killed at Vimy Ridge.

568

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

MRS. GERALDINE E. FRISBIE— A woman of
rare capabilities and good business judgment is Ger-
aldine E. Frisbie, the efficient president of the Wo-
man's Relief Corps Home of Cahfornia, and past na-
tional president, having served as president of the na-
tional Woman's Relief Corps during 1912-13. Since
November 10, 1921, the Woman's Relief Corps Home
of California has been located at Winchester, Santa
Clara County, where it now owns thirteen acres, for-
mcrl_\- owned by Dr. and Mrs. A. E. Osborne, and
known as Osborne Hall. Too much credit cannot be
given to the noble women who have built up this insti-
tution, which provides a real home to mothers, wives,
widows, sisters and daughters of I'nion veterans of the
Civil War. it is a state institution, being amenabli- to
the State Board of Control, but an institution which
primarily owes its existence to philanthropic and noble
California wonien, starting with Mr. Cadwallader's
donation of five and thirty hundredths acres at Ever-
green in Santa Clara County, where the first Home
was built and occupied until destroyed by fire
October 1(1, 192(1. Mrs. Oeraldine E. Frisbie was
then its president, and through the loyal and
hearty support and cooperation of the secretary,
Mrs. Sarah J. Farwell, no time was lost in getting
temporary ijuarters for the inmates, who were left
in sore distress. Appeals were immediately addressed
to the various W. R. C. posts of the state, who re-
sponded very promptly in sending money, clothing and
food, while the state authorities ga\-e the use of one
of the buildings at Agnew, until No\'ember 10, 1921,
when the present premises had been secured. Dr. and
Mrs. A. E. Osborne have given liberally. The sum of
$12,500 was obtained as insurance on the former
H.ome at Evergreen. Several thousand dollars have
already been expended in remodeling and fitting up
Osborne Hall for the Home. Of the $55,000 now in-
vested at Winchester, the women have raised $20,000,
while the state has appropriated the balance. It will
be necessary to purchase some more laud in order to
meet the needs of the Home, and a movement is now
on foot whereby its holdings will be increased to
eighteen acres. The present officers of the Woman's
Relief Corps Home are as follows: Geraldine E.
Frisbie, president, San Mateo; Mary Alice Arthur,
matron, Winchester; Mrs. Belle Donovan, vice-iiresi-
dent, San Francisco; Mrs. Sarah J. Farwell, secretary,
Oakland; Mrs. Carrie E. Hoyt, treasurer, Berkeley;
in addition to the president, vice-president, secretary
and treasurer, the board of directors consists of:
Pearl M. Baum, Ha>'ward; Sarah A. Martin (wife of
Commander Russell C. Martin of the \'eterans' Home
at Napa) Napa; and Mrs. Alary E. Farmer, San Fran-
cisco. These women have served well and faithfully,
the secretary, .\frs. Sarah J. Farwell, having rendered
efficient and faithful service for twenty-six years.

Mrs. Geraldine Elizabeth Frisbie is a native of
Rochester, N. Y., a daughter of Hiram D. and Sarah
B. (Hall) Sutton. The mother died at the age of
twenty-six; her father married the second time and
moved to Washington, where the years of Mrs. Fris-
bie's early childhood were passed. The Sutton fam-
ily were prominent English people of wealth and in-
fluence in London, and were the founders of a home
for the aged ministers and their families in London.
Owen P. vSutton, an uncle, eame to San I'Vancisco
in 1849; was prominent in the Pioneers Society of
which he was one of its first presidents and was also

a member of the Legislature of California. He was
a successful banker and was largely interested in min-
ing and built many buildings in San Francisco.

(jcraldine Sutton was educated in public and pri-
vate schools of Rochester, N. Y. Her first marriage
occurred in San Francisco on March 20, 1866, and
united her with Lester P. Cooley, a native of Ver-
mont. He was a rancher, later owning the Ravens-
wood ranch near Dumbarton bridge. They became
the parents of five children, all sons, of whom two
died in childhood. Those that grew up are: William
L.. Charles Philip and Frank H. William L. was en-
gaged in seafaring, and has three children; Harry pur-
sued the night studies in the navigation school at the
same time that he was a student in the San Francisco
Polytechnic High from which he graduated in 1913,
and soon thereafter graduated from the navigation
school. He enlisted in the Navy during the World
War, but transferred to the Merchant Marine, and
■mailed the seas during that entire conflict. He was pro-
moted to first officer; Lester P.. an ensign in the U. S.
Navy was stationed at Brest, France, during the late
war; Olive is a graduate nurse, who served during the
latter part of the World War. She married Horace
Miller, resides in Los Angeles and is the mother of
one child, Betty Jean. Charles Philip is a member
of the Board of Supervisors. Santa Clara County, re-
sides in Palo Alto, and has one child, Stanley. I'rank
H. resides at San Mateo, where he is engaged in
ranching, he is the father of six children; Gerald
Mortimer; Harold; Elizabeth is the wife of Dr. Geo.
B. Lemon, D. D. S.. resides at Salinas and is mother
of one child, George Gerald; William L; Charles P;
and Francis W.

Lester P. Cooley passed away in 1882, and in No-
vember, 1883, Mrs. Cooley married at Redwood City
Mr. Frisbie, a Civil War veteran, who served three
>-ears with the Wisconsin troops as first lieutenant
and special aide and private secretary to General
Charles Devan; he passed away in 1885. Since 1887
Mrs. Frisbie has been active in Relief Corps work,
serving faithfully and well and she has the loyal sup-
port and cooperation of her si.x coworkers and matron
in the care of the Home and its thirty inmates.

NATHAN L. LESTER— WILLIAM WALTER
LESTER. — -Among the representative horticulturists
of Santa Clara County, whose methods have been
backed Ijy hard work and close application to the
task in hand are Nathan L. and William Walter
Lester. Nathan L. was born in Ledyard, Conn.,
Januar\- 20, 1876, and William Walter was born in
the same town October 20, 1879; their parents were
Nathan L. and Sarah E. (Spicer) Lester, both born
in Ledyard, Conn. The father was born January 1,
1843, and was the third oldest of a family of ten
children. His boyhood days were spent on his
father's farm and very early he learned lessons of
industry and thrift. The first time he came to Cali-
fornia was in 1861 and in company with his brother
-'Xmos settled in Napa County and leased a tract of
land and raised wheat and was thus engaged for
seven years; he then returned to Connecticut and
settled, on a farm and remained there until 1883,
when he again removed to California, and came this
time to the Santa Clara County and purchased the
homestead on Lincoln Avenue in the Willows dis-
trict, San Jose. He began his horticultural ac-
tivities with but one thing in mind, a determination

if Voa^^M^y^-^ cb, wluu^

HISTORY UV SAN'l-\\ C'l.AKA COUN'IA' 569

to succeed and the task was pleaMiraMe to him ■dni\ Kalhaii I,, was niarried in Santa Clara in June

success crowned his Uibors to an unusual dei^ree. I')07, lo Miss Syl\'ia HuRhes, a native of Pittsburgh,

He first planted thirty-one acres to prunes, which I'a.. a dau.uhler of William 11. and Katlierine'

jiroved to he a profitable venture. There uere limes Unfiles. Her father \v'as an abstractor in Pittsburgh,

of discouragement, but these were eouraKcously I'a., until he brouKht his famih- to Santa Clara

met. He niarried Miss Sarah b!. Spicer in 1871, the c'ounl\ in IMd.s, where tlie\' slilf make their home,

daughter of that prominent and distinguished citi- Mrs. Lesler received her education in the grammar

zen of Led.\-ard, Conn,, Judge Edmund Spicer, wlio and high schools of I'ittsburgh. Mr. and Mrs. Pes-

had married Bethiah \V. Avery. Judge Spicer was ler are the parents of two children, Katherine and

a school teacher, farmer and merchant, and also N'aiban P., Jr. In all their holdings and transactions

held many positions of trust and honor in New Pon- the brothers are equal ijai-tiiers and tbe\- both gi\-e

don Count\-. He was a member of the school board it their entire attention.

for many years; was postmaster, county clerk, William Walter was marned m San Jose in Mav

county treasurer, and m 1849 was elected to repre- ,914, to Miss Ethel V. Cerrans, born ,n Plymouth;

sent his district m the state legislature, and ;,, 1862 (■-,] ., A.,,,,yhtnr ,.i i .,- ,:,i 1- 1 '

,.,,,, , , , , ,- , ^'"■- ■' claugnter ot Jeieimah (,errans, who was a

was a caiulidatc tor the state senate, and tor twe ve imbl miner in tl, ,.1 - ,,• j r r^ i-r

. • ,-. . ■^""' 111"!'^ r in ttie e.irlv pioneer days of California.

rears served as judge of the probate court. Uuring 'rhe%- -ir,- Hi,, n-..-,.,,* ■ „f t 1 -u ^\r^l■ m 1

, ,.; , f I ,. .,, '^ ' '"-> 'iri. tne p.uents oi two children, William Wal-

eary lite he served as captain ot a jitle company, ter, Jr., and Elizabeth \'iola. Mr. Pester is a mem-

and ever atterward was known as Laptam Spicer. i,er of jM-aternitv Podge No. .199, F ,1- A M San

He was one of the charter members of the Ped- inc,. ., nfl i>-iHi Kic ,,.,'f • ' r c a ' 1

, T , A ■ . 1 , ■ JOse, and witn Ins wife is a member of San lose
vard Plbrar^- Association and served as its secretar\' Oiantrr nl th,. P-jott.,-,, ^t. ,-. 1,, ■ r 1 r
,- -I, . ■ , ,0,^ , " ciiapter ot tnt i^astern t^tar; lie is also a member of
tor eigntecn successive vears. In IbO/ he was fi,„ c,,i„t^ n^fi, K,-„fi,,, 1 ■ ^ • 1 ^i , ,
, ^ ," 111"- 1 ,■ , •, '"^ >eiots. liotli brothers have maintained the stand-
elected treasurer and librarian and continued unti ..rrl nf lir,,.«.tt,, -,„,i -.,11 i- n 11 ^i • r .
1,;- A^-,tU ,■„ ieon TJ ■ i 1 r ° Honesty and industry followed by their father
his death in 1890. He was a prominent member of ,,,iri -jr,. ,-.,i,, a ■,„a ■ > •»■ "r ,1
,, n <-■ 1 ,^i 1, ^r , ^r o ■ ■'"" '*'^'- valued and prominent citizens of the county
the Congregational Church. Mr. and Mrs. Spicer ^uu,,n.

were the parents of seven children, ilrs. Pester be- WALTER J. GARDNER. — A successful orchard-
ing the third in order of birth. While building a ist and dairyman is found in Walter J. Gardner,
dryer, Mr. Pester fell from a ladder and sustained « hose ranch is on the Homestead Road, and on this
injuries from wdiich he died June 27. 1900. He was same place his father settled in 1860. Walter J. was
a highly honored and respected citizen of Santa born November 1, 1878, the son of P. E. and Jo-
Clara County, a thorough straightforward business hanna (McCoy) Gardner, the former a native of
man and could be counted upon to keep his word. Maine, and the latter of Sinicoe, Canada. The father
Mr. and Mrs. Pester were the parents of seven was a pioneer of Santa Clara County who came to
children, Nathan P. lieing next to the oldest, and California in 1852, hrst going into tlie mines of the
\\'illiam Walter being the third oldest. Placerville district; later he went to San Francisco
Both brothers were educated in the district schools and engaged in the draying business. He then located
of Willow Glen, and Nathan P. was also graduated in 'he Santa Clara Valley and for two years engaged
from the Garden City Business College, San Jose, in hunting, furnishing game for the San Francisco
and William Walter attended the Washburn school. market. In 1860 he bought 160 acres on the Home-
From their youth they had always assisted their stead Road, a portion of which Walter J. Gardner
father on the ranch, and were thus able to continue now occupies. The land was covered with brush
along the same lines that he had so ably established. and Mr. Gardner set to work and cleared it and
The brothers' first purchase was a forty-acre piece planted it to grain. The mother also came to Cab-
in the Campbell district on the Johnson and Haniil- fornia in the earh' days. They were the parents of
ton roads; it is in full-bearing prune trees, and is four children; Ella, Mrs. .A-rment of San Jose; \\'al-
irrigated from a deep well. They ne.xt bought seven- ter J.; Pee resides at Watsonville; Eva is Mrs. J. T.
teen acres in the same district, making a total of Murphy, whose husband is on the police force of
fifty-seven acres. Pater they purchased a ninety-acre San Jose; and Viola, a trained nurse, at O'Connor's
orchard on the Penetencia Creek and White roads. Sanitarium. The father lived to be si.xty-three and
devoted to prunes and apricots; this is also well irri- the mother fifty-eight years old.

gated. The home place of the Pesters is located on W'alter J. attended the Collins school and the Santa

the Santa Clara-Saratoga road and consists of 254 ciara high school, and later Stanford University:

acres set to prunes; on this ranch there are three afterwards he went to Elko, Nev., and worked in the

deep irrigating wells and centrifugal pumps are used. q„artz mines m the Tuscarora district near Inde-

On the west side of the highway is Nathan P.'s pendence Valley and spent two vears in this occupa-

palatial country home, while on the east side of the tjo,,. he then returned to Santa Clara Countv and

road is William's modern residence. The ranch m assumed control of his portion of his father's estate,

the Berryessa district is irrigated by a deep well During 1903, in Santa Clara, Mr. Gardner was

equipped with a turbine pump. The brothers also carried to Miss Josephine Gardner, born in San Jose,

have a two-thirds interest in a 192-acrc prune j,^^. daughter of William H. and Jane (Holt) (iard-

orchard between Pos Gatos and Campbell. They

ner, the latter born in Piverpool, England. She

also own several pieces of valuable downtown busi- o,,^ of a family of four children, as follows: Hen-
ness property on Market Street in San Francisco, rietta, wife of H. A. Blanchard, a San lose attornev:
and also own a controlling interes-t in the St. Francis Walter A.; Rose, now Mrs. C. P. Rich; and Mrs.
Realty Company, which owns four valuable pieces of Gardner. Mrs. Gardner's father \vas a native of
downtown business property in San Francisco and of W'est Virginia, who crossed the plains to California
wdiich Nathan P. is president. He is also a in 1851 and bought a piece of land consisting of
director in the California Prune and Apricot ninety acres on the Homestead Road. Mrs. Card-
Growers Association. ner was educated at the Hester grammar school, and

'0

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

later took a course at tlie Hester Business College.
Mr. Gardner's ranch consists of fifty-six acres,
forty-six acres of which came to Mrs. Gardner as
her iiortion of her father's estate; one-half of the
acreage is planted to alfalfa and the halance to fruit;
a good well for irrigation purposes has heen devel-
oped on his place, and in connection with his orchard
and alfalfa, he has a dairy. Mr. and Mrs. Gardner
are the parents of three children: Walter, Jr.; Car-
rol; and Dorothy.

DR. A. E. OSBORNE. — A distinguished citizen of
California long and eminently identified with Santa
Clara County, who has honored Los Gatos hy his
choice of that attractive foothill town as the best
])lace he knows for residence, is the Hon. Antrim
Mdgar Osborne, if. D., I'h. D., the present efficient
and popular state senator whose influence in many
tlelds and directions, in the .great work of building
up the commonwealth, has been so notaljle and far-
reacliinp. He was horn at Chester, I'a.. on 'February
23, 1857, the son of -\ntrim Osborne, the proprietor
of the W'aterville Woolen Mills and a descendant of
one of the oldest and most historic families of North-
ern Europe. Originalh- from Denmark, where the
|)rogenitor's name was Aasbjorn (meaning "The
Bear on the Peninsula"), who was a mighty war-
rior, and Avho lent his soldiers and military aid to
William the Conqueror in his conquest of England;
the family become established in the British Isles
under the renowned name of Osborne, and many of
the descendants migrated to America, various
branches m time adopting different spellings, such
as Osburn, Osbourne, Osborn, and Osbourn. WHien
Antrim was _\'et a boy of five or six years, his father
became owner of the woolen mills at Rose Yalle>', in
the same county, and thither removed with his fam-
ily; there the lad grew up, to go to the public school
and be further instructed by private tutors. When
not quite sixteen he passed the examination for West
I'oint, but declined admission to take up pre-medical
studies and for this purpose he was sent to the mili-
tary academy known as the Pennsylvania State Col-
le.ge, in Center County, wdiere he took a course of
four 3-ear= in science and natural history, and soon
showed such exceptional proficiency that he was
appointed assistant to the professor in that depart-
ment. He then went to the University of Pennsyl-
vania, where he pursued the regular medical course
fcjr three years and was graduated on Alarch 12,
1877, with the degree of M. D. For the next year
he remained in Philadelphia practicing medicine and
at the same time pursuing a special course in the
hospitals, and then removed to Media, Pa., and
opened an office as a general practitioner. His am-
bition, however, would not let him rest at that at-
tainment, hence he resumed [lOSt-graduate studies
at the University of Pennsylvania and in 1879 had
conferred upon him by his Alma Mater the degree
oi Doctor of Philosophy, being the youngest grad-
uate, up to that time to receive this marked academic
degree in return for original research and demon-
strated scholarship.

Dr, (')sborne's experience as interne at the Pres-
byterian and the Philadelphia hospitals m the City
of Brotherly Love was of great value to him, partic-
ularlv as he began to specialize with nervous and
mental diseases in his practice of medicine. It was
about that time that he was the first resident physician

at the Odd Fellows' Home, and later he was semi-
ofiicially connected with the Pennsylvania Training
School for the Feeble-Minded. l'"or the following eight
years, in addition to his other professional work, he oc-
cupied the chair of natural sciences in the Media Acad-
emy, where he organized the department of physical
culture and established a gymnasium. By the middle
eighties. Dr. CJsborne had attracted general attention
through the results of his profound study of the proper
care and treatment of the feeble-minded, and in Octo-
ber, 1886, he was appointed to succeed Dr. B. T. Wood
as medical superintendent of the California State
Home for Feeble-Minded, and for fifteen j^ears he
was secretary of its board of trustees. He assumed
charge on December 1, and proved himself the right
man for the position by the admirable manner in
which he brought the institution to a high state of
efticiency. Later he was made medical superin-
tendent of the Napa State Hospital for the Insane
and effected its thorough reorganization. Since 1901,
Dr. Osborne — who was long the only physician en-
gaged in his line of work on the Pacific Coast, and
in charge of the only private institution of the kind
west of Nefiraska — has been the owner and director of
Osborne Hall, at Winchester, Santa Clara County; an
institution for the treatment of mental deficiencies.
Prior to that he had been professor of nervous and
mental diseases in the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons in San Francisco, and he also held the same
post in the Oakland Medical College. He was also
lecturer on nervous and mental nursing in the Nurses'
Training School, and psychiatrist at the O'Connor
Sanitarium at San Jose.

On September 7, 1880, Dr. Osborne was married to
iliss Margaret H. Paxton, the daughter of Col. John
C. Paxton, a Civil \\'ar veteran of Marietta, Ohio.
Mrs. Osborne, a lady of enviable accomplishments,
has proven a valuable coworker in the doctor's spe-
cial field, sharing with him his social activities and
prestige. They have no children of their own, but
have adopted a niece, Agnes Blondin, now Mrs, Will-
iam Horst, Jr., of Santa Clara. Dr. Osborne has
held membership in the Delaware County (Pa.)
Medical Societ}', the Pennsylvania State Medical So-
ciety, the American Medical Association, the American
Association of Medical Superintendents, and the
Aledia Institute of Science, and he was also
the organizer and president of the Media Medi-
cal Clul). His original researches and independent
treatment of medical and scientific subjects have
made a name for him in the line of new discoveries,
sri that he has frequently been cited as an authority
in these lines particularly his own. He is now active
in the California State iledieal Society, being for six
years a member of its council, and has twice been pres-
ident of the Santa Clara County Medical Society. He
was one of the organizers of the Consistory in San Jose
and was very active in the building of the Scottish Rite
Temple there, which was erected when he was master
of the bodies. The Odd Fellows also claim him as
a member and he has been district deputy grand
chancellor of the Knights of Pythias; his memories
of college days lead him back to the delightful secret
conclaves of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity.

A progressive Republican and public spirited to a
marked degree. Dr. Osborne has served two terms
on the board of trustees of Santa Clara, and he was
formerly president of the Sonoma Valley Board or

^« ^^^ •04e^^>'>^-^

f*

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

573

Trade and vicc-prosidctit of the ComiiKTcial l,L'agiR'
of Santa Clara. He has hcon chairman of the pro-
bation committee of the Juvenile Court in Santa Clara
County continuously since the court was established,
and he served as chairman of Draft Board No. 2 of
Santa Clara County, duriuL; the World War. On
November 2, 1920. Dr. Osborne was elected to the
State Senate from the Twenty-seventh senatorial
district. Santa Clara Count\', havinp: received the
nomination of the Reiiublican. Democratic and So-
cialist parties. He served ver\- efficiently during- the
session and introduced into the Senate the joint
measure on conservation and reforestation, which was
duly passed and became a law . Senator Osborne was
particularly interested in all measures affeclini;- the
home and general welfare, and in measures pertaining
to the state institutions, including charities and cor-
rections, and civil service. He served on the following
committees: Civil service, conservation, county gov-
ernment, hospitals and asylums, labor and capital, Nor-
mal schools, public charities and corrections, public
health and quarantine. This public service is natural
to one who modesth' but properly appreciates his own
family lineage: for with two other editors, resident in
New York, he has been editing for years the exten-
sive and very interesting Osborne Genealogical His-
tory, which is related to the rise and development of
so many other representative families in America.

Dr. Osborne is an able ph_\-sician and public-spirited
citizen of peculiarly genial and attractive personality,
and leads a life of great usefulness for the world, jus-
tifying the conception of him by many of his admir-
mg friends and neighbors, that he is one of the first
citizens of the Golden State. Recently Dr. Osborne
has removed to Los Gatos and has taken up his
residence at 121 Glen Ridge Avenue, where he and
his good wife continue to dispense a wdiole-hearted
hospitality to their many friends.

ALBERT EDWARD WILLIAMS— AUGUS-
TUS CLAIR WILLIAMS.— Among the enterpris-
ing orchardists of Santa Clara County mention
should be made of Albert E. and Augustus C. Wil-
liams, who own and operate fine orchards in the
Cupertino district. The father, Samuel R. Williams,
settled on this ranch during the year of 1870, when
it was wild land with a growth of timber and brush.
Samuel R. was a native of Canada West and was
born June 25, 1828. The paternal grandparents were
James and Anna (Weise) Williams and they were
both natives of Canada. Samuel grew up on his
father's farm and was able to attend the public
schools. He remained with his parents until he was
twenty-four years old. when, in April, 1852, he was
married to Jane Hume, also a native of Canada. He
bought 100 acres of land in the same township, and
be,gan farming for himself and lived there for three
years. During the year 1855 he sold his property
and removed to California, He went into the mines
in Nevada Countv and worked there for three years,
but he met with only nominal success. He then re-
turned to Canada and engaged in the tannery busi-
ness in the township of Camden, remaining there
until 1866, when he sold his business and again came
to California. He then spent two years in the mines
at V'irginia City, Nev.; then settled in Yolo County,
Cal., and followed farming for two years. In 1870
he removed with his family to Santa Clara County
Lind located in the Cupertino district, where he
cleared 100 acres of land and set it to grapes. He

worked the land fur three years and received for his
-.ervices a deed to hfly acres; later he took two of
his sons into partnership with him and together they
conducted the ranch, which was nrostly set to vines,
which yielded them handsome returns each year.
Mr. and Mrs. Williams had five children.

Albert Ivluard w:ls born in Canaila, June 21, 1861,
■MxA was nine years old when bis parents remo\-ed
to Santa Clara Count\-, where be attended the public
schools and the College of the Pacific; later look a
business course in Seattle. After finishing school
he returned to the ranch and assumed his share of
the work. In nation.-d polities he is a Socialist;
fraternally- he belongs to Cupertino lodge, [. O. O. F.

.•-\ugustus C. is also a native of Canada and was
born Decend)er li, I86.1. He received his educa-
tion in the public schools of Santa Clara County.
He was interested \\\\\\ his father in the home place
:ind in 1886 recei\-ed his deed to his pro|icrtv from
his father, which was set to grapes; later the vines
u-ere removed and all planted to orchard, which has
been carefully cultivated and is now- bringing good
profits for his labor. He married Miss Ada Mabel
White. Ijorn in Canada, and the>- are the parents of
one child. Mabel Hume. In politics he is independ-
ent, supporting and voting for the candidate best
fitted for the office: fraternally he belongs to the
Woodmen of the World. Fie has served his district
as school trustee. Both brothers are "boosters" for
Santa Clara County and can be depended upon to
support all progressive measures.

ROBERT R. SYER.— Perseverance, energy and
ambition are the ke>-notes to the success of Robert
K. Syer, an influential and successful lawyer of San
Jose. He was born in Baltimore, Md., November
16. 1870. a son of Robert and Martha V. (Reay)
Syer. Before removing to California, the father w-as
a clothing merchant and hatter '\n Portsmouth, Va.
In 1874 he migrated to California with his family,
settling in the Santa Clara Valley, purchasing 107
acres in the Milpitas Road. By wise and judicious
management, cQupled with energy and well-directed
efforts, he became very successful as an orchardist.
He was among the first agriculturists to raise l>er-
nes in Santa Clara County, and raised rasi)berries
and straw-berries in such quantities that a daily ship-
ment to San I'rancisco was nccessar\'. He passed
aw-a\- in 1914 and his wife died in 1916. Besides
their son Robert R., they are survived by tw-o daugh-
ters, ilrs. Miriam S. Richmond and Mrs. E. Pauline
Howard, both of San Jose.

Robert R. Syer was educated in the public schools
of Santa Clara County, attending the Orchard dis-
trict school and for a time attended the Normal
Training School; later he attended Santa Clara Uni-
versit>-, graduating m 188S and receiving the B. S.
degree: the next year he returned for a post-gradu-
ate course receiving the degree of A. M.; within the
next year he began the study of law- w-ith the firm of
Archer and Bow-den, San Jose, and here he remained
tw-o years. In the year 1892 he entered Hastings
Law- School at San Francisco, ren-iainiug there for
two years, graduating with the degree of LL.B..
June 14, 1894. He established offices in San Jose
and has practiced his profession contiimously. be-
coming exceptionally influential in this comn-iunity.
For five years he served on the bo.-ird of trustees
of the Public Librar>-: also served for two years on
the Civil Service Commission of San Jose under the

574 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

new charter, and was one of the active members of Cornelia DeKay, and she made her home on the

the board of freeliolders who drafted tlie new char- ranch until her death on December 26, 1921. For

ter for the commission form of city governnn-nt. the past nine years, however, she had been an in-

Ever since the organization of the Merchants' Asso- valid, and a niece, Miss Senia Freelyn, is devoting

cition, in Xo\'ember, 1901, he has cai>ai)ly served as her time to the management of the ranch, a task

the attorney and secretary lor the association. In she is filling with unusual capability. During his

his jiolitical conviction, Mr. vSycr is a Republican. lifetime Mr. Freelyn was active in Grange circles

Jie has served as president of San Jose Golf and and also in the local affairs of the Democratic party.

Country Club for three terms and is extremely fond and an active member of the Saratoga Christian

of golf as a recreation from his strenuous life. Church, and he left behind him a name justly

Mr. Svcr's marri.age December 19, 1905, united h.onored b>' his fellow-citizens,
him with Aliss May L. D'Oyly, a dau.cdner of Cap- ROBERT A. COSTIGAN.— A rancher whose
tain Xigel D'0\dy, a native of Vontainebleau, Erarice. steady success and increasing prosperity will always
Earh- in life, Cajilain D'Oyly developed a fondness lie a source of gratification to his friends is Robert
for the sea and his ability very soon won for Inn A. Costigan, a native of San Jose, where he was
responsible positions as commander of ocean ships born on August 17, 1867. His father, John Costigan,
sailing out of New York harbor, which positions he hailed from Quinc\-, 111, and his mother, who was
continued fo fill until the outbreak of the Civil War. Mary Jane McUroy before her marriage, was born
JuK- 18, 18hl, he entered the volunteer navA' as aci- in -Mis>ouri. Her jjeople came to California in 1852,
in.g master and was assi.gned to duty as navigating and she herself passed away when she was a corn-
officer of the C S. S. I^ancastcr, Pacific Squadron, |jaratively y<jung v.oman, having attained only her
where he rcniaincd until 1862, when he was ordered lorty-.-,econcl year. John Costigan also came to Cali-
to Xew- York and placed in command of the W. O. 'ornia in jnoneer days.

Anderson, West (",ulf Squadron, under I'arragul. In In the Rlioads district near Gilroy on \l'dTch 50,

1863, he was orderi-d by .Vdniiral b'arragut to com- 1889, Roliert A. Costigan was married to Mrs. Sarah

niaiid the Ciiited Slates side-wheel steamer Jackscin. L. Meiiasco, widow of the late Daniel William

He was acti\-eh- engaged until bis retirement from Alenasco, to whom she was married June 13, 1883,

the sea in 1874, and lived in Oakland until 188(1, and b}- whom she had two ch.ildren, Ralph Orval

when he reiiKjved with his laniil\' to San Jose, Cab. Mena^co and Zoe Eva Menasco, \\-ho died, Mrs.

where he resided until the time of his deatii. in 1894, Costigan's maiden name was Sarah L. House, and

and where lie was uuivers,all>- respected as a pulilie- sfie was a d.aughter of Ezekiel and Caroline (Patter-

spiriied citizen. The widow, Mrs. D'Oyly, resides son) House, both iiati\-es of Edgar County, 111.

in Los Angeles. One son. Robert D'Oyly- Syer. Ezekiel House and his five cousins, namely, Dan,

has been born to Mr. and ilrs. Syer, and is a pupil Vv'illiam, Heiir\', George and Isaac Rhoads, were the

in the San lose High School. No greater encomium 1;'"^' white people to settle jiermanent in the

can be passed upon the life and Avork of A'lr. S>-er Canada Canyon. Mr. and Mrs. Ezekiel House were

than to say that he is best appreciated where best married on June 13, 1858, and on June 24, of that

known. He is a memlier of the County and State vear, they settled in the Gilroy neighborhood, w+.ich

liar Associations; also an enthusiastic member of became known as the Rhoads District and there

the newly organized Commercial Club of Santa Clara -"^Irs. Costigan was brought up and attended that

County-. He is a supporter of all local charities ami district's public schools. Her maternal grandparents

churches, as well as all civic improvements. were Jonathan ,ind Christine (Foster) Patterson,

who were both natives of \ irginia. They were

ELIAS H. FREELYN.— A pioneer of the Cuper- among the very first of white people from east of
tino district. Ihe late I'dias IT. Freehm v.as one of the Rock}' Mountains to seek a home in the far-olf
the county's public-spirited citizens, and his passing California, which then belonged to ilexico. They
removed from the community one of its worthy and crossed the plain> in immigr.ant wagons and were
honored citizens. Mr, h'rcelyn was a native of mmubers of the ill-fated Donner party as far as the
Denmark and 1843 marks the year of his birth. Flis divide m the Sierra Mountains, where Jonathan Pat-
iiarents, both natives of that countr_\-, passed their terson died and was buried, in 1846. The widow
entire li\'es there. America was the goal of Mr. and children came on to California. Mrs. Costigan's
Freelyn's ambitions, and ,a few; years after he had father, l^zekiel House, came from Illinois to Call-
completed his education in the schools of his native fornia in 1850 and settled at Gilroy. ilr. and Mrs.
land, he crossed the ocean in his earl}- twenties. Ezekiel House had twelve children, eight girls and
For some years he remained in New York, moving four bo_\'S. Emma is Mrs. Gentry of Hercules;
westward as far as Michigan, wliere he was em- Sarah Louisa is now the wife of Robert A. Costigan.
pdoyed for a time, and then terminating his journey- the subject of this .■,kctch; Margaret Ellen has be-
ings wdien he reached the .garden spot of the West. come Mrs. Pradford of Kingsburg; Robert Francis
Santa Clara \'aHey, in 1S87. of Los Lanos is the fourth diild; Georgia Virginia

Purchasing hi, ranch of fifteen acres on Prospect died in 1919; Martha Melvina is Mrs. House of Gif-
Road, Mr. Freel\']i immediately became actively roy, and her next j'ounger brother is Edward E,
identified wich the life of the community, and (level- House; Nellie passed away in 1913; Caroline Chris-
oped a fine orchard place, meeting w.ifh a financial tine is the wife of Robert Thomas Heslin of Gilroy;
success that .gave abundant reward for his unflag- Mr. Heslin was born in New York City and is a
ging interest. Besides his own place he set out nejihew of the late h'ather Patrick Heslin, the mur-
various orchards for others. He erected a beautiful dered priest of Colma; John Thomas, Lucy Honora
home on Prospect Road, and here he made his home and James hnnanuel are the three remaining children,
until his passing away on Novemlier 20, 1011. He Mr. and Mrs. Costigan have two children, Robert
also owned twenty-five acres wdiich he improved lidward and Leo John Costigan. Robert Edward
and later sold. His marriage united him with Mrs. married his cousin, \'ivian H. Costigan, and they

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

577

liavc four children, James Edward, Dorothy \ i\'ian,
Hcurv Merle and Donald Lloyd. Leo John mar-
ried Miss Emma L. Meyers of the pioneer Meyers
family of Alviso, and to them has heen horn a
daughter named Cleo Jane.

}ilr. Cosligan worked for the .'-liireekcls Sugar
Company at Spreckles, Cal., until 1*107, when he re-
moved to Milpitas and look a position with the Cali-
fornia Fruit Canners' Assoeiation, and when that
was taken over by the C. 1'. C. he still remained
with them and is still employed on the California
Packing Corporation pea ranch at Mili>itas, where
he makes his home on a part of the ranch. A Demo-
crat in matters of national political miport. Air. Cos-
tigau has heen a school director of the Spreckels
school district, and in the discharge of his duties has
always been as broadminded and nonpartisan as the
necessities of his locality demanded.

HUBBARD McKEE. — A worthy representative of
a pioneer famih', Huhhard i\lcKee (familiarly called
Hubb McKee) was a steady, clean-cut and euierpris-
ing business man, who was born in San Jose on Feb-
ruary 28, 1873, a son of George B. and Alary AlcKee,
pioneers of Santa Clara County. His father was horn
at Ottawa, 111., on July 27, 183S, the son of Lyman
Alclvee, who was married in W'ateriown, N. Y., to
Aliss Alelinda Butterfield. His maternal great-grand-
father, Zacharia Butterheld, \va> a New Lnglauilcr.
\\ho came out to New York State and was one of
three that took up the land now the site of AVater-
towu, hence was one of the founders of that thriving
city. He was engaged in stock raising and dairjdng.
George B. McKee was educated in the public schools
of AVatertown, N. Y., and in 1853 remo\cd to iLl-
waukee, AA'is., and the following spring joined the
Moody-AA'inchel train destined for California, arriving
in San Jose in October, 1854; he has alwax's been
most prominent in civic and business circles and has
aided greatly in the steady development and pro.g-
ress of his locality.

Hubbard McKee was reared in San Jose and edu-
cated in the public schools of San Jose and Santa
Clara College, After graduation he entered his father's
store, beginning at the bottom and workin.g up
through the various departments in both the paint
factory and the store. He was greatly interested in
the business and in time was able to relieve his faiher
of much of its care and oversight. When his father
made a seven months trip to the (Jrient, he had
charge of the business, and it was soon after his
father's return that he met ^vith the accident which
resulted in his death on July 19, 1914. A description
of the accident which caused his death was printed in
the San Jose Mercury of July 22, 1914: "There is
something ineffably pathetic in the tragic end of the
late Hubbard McKee. He ^\■as known as a man of
unusual tenderness, and his friends were not suriirised
to learn that he had given his scat to an injured man
picked up by the roadside and that he himself had
stood behind while the driver rushed ^vith all speed
to the hospital. It was at a sudden curve of the road,
that the unselfish McKee was thrown from his pre-
carious hold to his death, and that he, in the prosecu-
tion of an act noble in the highest degree, should
forfeit his own life, distinguishes this from the aver-
age automobile accident. Those who knew the late
Hubbard McKee knew a true man; his impulses were
generous, his sympathies tender, indeed, since his

untimel\' p.assing m.iny stcries are tohl showing the
gcnuinciiess iil his maidmod, his tliough tfuhicss lor
others, his willingness to sacrifice, when lh;it uas
nccessarw To the men in his employ he was a friend
r,-,ther than master, while in his dealings with the
public, he erred only to his own disadvanta.ge. There
was nothing petty in the man; indeed it was lorei.gn
to his nature, and yet he was a quiet, unobtrusive
citizen, dex'oted to his home, hi^ parents and his City,
llubb.ard Alckee could not be other than brave and
generous, lor he came ol that s|>lendid old pioneer
slock which adorned the carl\' history of California
;ind the survi\'ing members of which command such
universal respect today. The name of George B. Alc-
Kee IS a s\'nonym fcr mtegrity in business, for ag-
gress'.N'eness on the side of right and for love of stale
and country. 'Jhe son was a replica of the father, a
(juiel citizen immersed m his own .alt.airs, but e\'er
ready to contribute his means and ability to a deserv-
ing cause. \\ hat a eo;:trast is presented in the heroic
act of this man in pjicking up a stranger by the ^vay-
side to the speed-fiend striking down tlie inno.-ent
]iedestrian and passing on without even learning his
name or the extent of his injuries."

The marriage of Air. AleLee occurred in San Jose
on January 31, 1899, and united him with Aliss Alary
Grimley, a native of I'ort Jer\-is, N. A'., a daughter of
Robert and Elizabeth (Drcnnen) Grimley, who
brought her to vSanta Clara County- when she \\'as
bee years of age and here she attended school at
Ala_\'field, as well as Xotre D.ame College. Their
union, a very happy one, was blessed with three
children: George Butterfield, second, educated at
Washburn School, ,San Jose, is now secretary of the
Geo. T>. Alcivee Co.; Alargaret Mary, a graduate of
San Jose high school, is also with the Geo. B. Alc-
Kee Co.; Frank Hubbard is at present a student at
the William AA'arren Alilitary Academy, Menlo Park.
Mrs. Mclvee was a true and loving wife, and since
her husband's untimely I'lid has been very zealous in
her care of their children, being unscliishh- devoted
to their comfort and pleasures. Hubbard AlcKee was
lilieral, brave and kindhearted, always ready to
do a good turn to any deserving person and evcr^--
one who knew him loved him, for he was alwavs
helping those in need, for he never found a man down,
but he would render him timely aid.

C. A. CARLSON.— The good people of Sunny-
vale may well be congratulated upon their grocery-
service, furnished by C. A. Carlson, the "square
dealer," who has done his best to standarize that
trade, and in endeavoring to furnish the community
only the best at the lowest price, has easily built up
a dependable patronage. Carlson's Cash Grocery is
known far and wide; and wherever it is known, one
speaks only good of the enterprise.

Air. Carlson was born at Falun. Sweden, on July
25, 1874, and in his native land he grew up. His first
work for a living was in the emidoy of the pulp and
paper mills at Grigsbo; but when he was only seven-
teen, he crossed the ocean to America. He took pas-
sage on the White Star Line, sailed from Gothen-
burg, and landed at New York. Without stopping-
long in the great metropolis, young Carlson came
west to Monona County, Iowa, and there he started
to work out by the month.

In 1900, Mr. Carlson was married to Aliss May
Wickersham, a native of Iowa, and a daughter of

57 S

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

George Wickersham, of Monona County, and to this
union two children, Laura and Violet, have been
born. Taking up agriculture in Iowa, Mr. Carlson
at first rented, then bought land; but the eighty
acres he soon sold to engage in the grocery trade at
Ticonic, in Monona County, Iowa. At the end of
two years, however, Mr. Carlson decided to come
out to the Coast; and on reaching the Golden State,
he came to Sunnyvale, where Mrs. Carlson's uncle,
Lee Wickersham, was then, and is still, living. For
awhile Mr. Carlson clerked in a grocery, and then
he bought the store. His past experience, foresight
and careful attention to the details of the trade have
enabled him to anticipate the wants of his patrons,
and he has been prosperous ever since. Mr. and
Mrs. Carlson have a hue residence on Miirph}' Ave-
nue, and they belong to the Congregational Church.
Mr. Carlson deals in staple and fancy groceries, and
more than ever the public have come to appreciate
the dependable service. His place of business is
scrupulously clean and orderly, and his many pa-
trons are sure to get the best of wholesome goods,
gentlemanly attention and a square deal at all times.

F. A. SCHILLING.— \ umbered among the active
and highly-esteemed residents of the county is F. A.
Schilling, auditor of Santa Clara County, Born in
San Jose August 31, 1870, Mr. Schilling entered pub-
lic service in January, 1893, and has since been con-
tinuously in the service of the county as court clerk,
clerk of the board of supervisors and as county au-
ditor. Long years of experience, coupled with natural
adaptability, enable him to render efficient public
service, which has always received the hi.ghest com-
mendation from his constituents.

He is a son of Frank Schilling, now deceased, the
pioneer gunsmith of Santa Clara County, who in the
year 1861 opened the sporting goods store now con-
ducted by Raymond Schilling, another son, on Post
Street, in San Jose. Beside Raymond, Mr, Schilling
is a brother to Herbert E, Schilling, formerly mayor
of San Jose, and to Mrs. Lena Stewart, who resides
with his mother, Mrs. Margaret Schilling. All are
residents of San Jose.

Mr. Schillin.g is married and has two daughters;
Mrs. Marjorie Cathcart, the mother of a son. and
Miss Dorothy Schilling. He makes his home in the
beautiful college town of Palo Alto.

DR. H. F. CARPENTER.— A learned practi-
tioner of medical science who is a master of re-
search and controversy, and has accomplished much
good by his masterly contributions to polemical lit-
erature, is Dr, H. F. Carpenter, a minister of the
Advent Christian Church, residing at 806 Jackson
Street, Santa Clara. He is profoundly versed in the
Bible, and as a fine old gentleman draws and holds
a large circle of immediate admirers and support-
ers, while through his trenchant, inspiring pen, he
reaches, influences and guides a still wider coterie.

He was l)orn at Douglas, Mass., on October 24.
far back in 1833. the son of Seba Cari)enter, who
was a shoe manufacturer and made brogans out ol
"ki|)" leather, or heavy work shoes for the slaves
"down South," and kept so busy that be had as
many as sixty slKjemakers working for him. He
was born at Douglas, and his father was Nathaniel
Carpenter, a native of the same place, where be firs':
saw the light on the old Carpenter homestead. The
Carpenters came from Kn.gland; and as in the usual

story of the pioneer, three brothers crossed the
ocean and settled in Vermont, and two brothers
settled ill the other colonies. Our subject is prob-
ably descended from the Vermont line; at any rate,
his is a Colonial 'family, and his ancestors were in
the thick of the Revolutionary War, and some of
them also fought in the War of 1812. Seba Car-
penter was originally a Massachusetts farmer, and
he married Melinda Learned, also a native of Massa-
chusetts. Thejr had five children, all boys; and
H. F. Carpenter was the second.

He was sent to the district school, and from school
daj's he had to work, generally in his father's shoe
factor^-; so it came to pass that he sewed up thou-
sands of pairs of brogans, for shoeinaking in those
da\'s vcas all by hand. He had a desire, however,
to study medicine ; and having moved with his
parents to Worcester, Mass., he went to the higli
school there, and in due time graduated from that
excellent institution.

During this time, in 1854, he was converted and
immediately took up preaching. The miraculous
change was effected in him in the Methodist Epis-
copal Church at Worcester; and in that church he
remained for two years. His first sermon, however,
was preached in the .\dventist Church at Worcester,
now known as the Advent Christian Church; it was
delivered in the spring of 1856. and he has been
preaching ever since. He has also practiced forty-
five years — practiced medicine and healing; for he
is a "natural born" healer. He has been able to
look deep into such difficult, oft-puzzling diseases
as diphtheria and appendicitis, and he has cured nu-
merous cases of the latter disease, and never lost a
case — and never used a knife. He studied medi-
cine under Dr. Porter, at V'allejo, Cal., in 1876,
and he was admitted to practice after due examina-
tion before the California State Board -jt Examiners.

In Connecticut he had a pastorate, and he had
several similar congregational charges in Vermont.
He became pastor of the church at Fitchburg, and
from there he migrated to California in 1875. settling
at \'allejo. Then, in 1879, he removed to Santa
Clara. .--Vt first, he was an evangelist, and he held
tent meetings; but he has preached intermittently
in the .Advent Christian Church at Santa Clara ever
since 1879. He has never lost a case of diphtheria in
Santa Clara, although while at Vallejo, when he
went through an epidemic of diphtheria and had
seventy-five cases, he lost two. He is getting
stronger in his faith every day. and believes that
the second coming of Christ is at hand. As an
author dealing with religious themes. Dr. Carpenter
has written, with exceptional clearness and vigor, a
number of tracts. He wrote one on "Christran
Science: Both Un-Christian and Unscientific," an-
other on "The Three Hells," another on "The Well-
Sealed Book," a fourth on "The Two Horned Bea.st
of Rev. 13 not the United States," a fifth on "Mans
Xccd— God's Supph-." and a sixth on "God's Esti-
mate of the Human Body."

Dr. Carpenter's first wife was Susan A. Vose be-
fore her marriage, and she was a native of Prince-
ton, Mass. They had two children when they came
to California. Lizzie is now Mrs. S. J. Fisher and
resides at San Mateo, where she is a popular pianist
and music teacher, being a gifted musician; Anna M.
married Obadiah Morse, and she resides at San

^^n^L^i^^

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.ARA OOUN'tA'

581

Francisco. Mrs. Ciirpcnter died in 1898, and Dr.
Carpenter was married a second time in Octol)er,
18*'''. when he took Mrs. Meriali C. Condi for his
wife. She was born in Barnstead, N. H., the daiiKli-
ter of Nathaniel Pickering; and slie married the Rev.
John Couch. After her tenth year, slie was reared
in Massachusetts, and there she hecame a widow.
Dr. Carpenter has built two houses, — tlie first of
which he sold, while he resides in the second, at 806
lackson Street, Santa Clara. He is now eighty-ciglit
years of age. and all of his religious tracts have been
written since lie was si.xty. some since he was sev-
enty years of age, and is still writing.

ALLEN E. CURTNER.— The fact that his father
selected Santa Clara County as a permanent abqde
has never been regretted liy Allen li. Curtner, whose
judgment concurs in the decision. Born on the old
Curtner ranch at Warm Springs, Alameda County,
October 5, 1867, he is a son of that distinguished pio-
neer, Henry Curtner, who arrived on the Pacific Coast
during the year of 1853, from Indiana, where he was
born in Fountain County, January 17, 1831. The pa-
ternal grandfather was Jacob Curtner, born and reared
in North Carolina, and married Nanc\' Hcatoii, a na-
tive of Tennessee. About 1827 they removed to In-
diana, and were among the earliest settlers of b'oun-
lain County, and there developed a homestead. He
had been a soldier in the Indian struggles and served
under General Jackson. Both grandparents passed
away in Indiana. Earl> in life Henry Curtner had
been left an orphan, and he had man}- obstacles to
surmount in his struggle. He worked on various
farms throughout the country, cleared timber land,
and became a towboy on the Wabash and Erie canal.
Exercising the traits of thrift which were his by in-
heritance and with the savings he had been able to
accumulate, he started on the long voyage from New
York via Panama to San Francisco. In the fall of
1856, he returned to Cass County, Ind., and married
Miss Lydia Kendall, and the following year the young
i(.lks removed to California and bought fifty acres
between Centerville and Alvarado, Alameda County,
and made their home upon this ranch for ten years,
hi the spring of 186§ they removed to the ranch near
Warm Springs. Mr. Curtner's first purchase of land
comprised about 20n0 acres, to which he added from
time to time until he had 8000 acres. He sold por-
tions of this and the balance was divided among his
children. For many >"ears he was a director of the
Security State Bank of San Jose, and was president
of the Milpitas Land & Live Stock Company, owners
of 8000 head of cattle, 800 head of horses and a flock
of 7000 sheep, using as range 32,000 acres of patented
land in Humboldt Count\-. Nev., besides a range of
100 square miles. Mr. and Mrs. Curtner were the
parents of eight children, Allen E., the subject of this
review, being the fourth. After the death of his first
wife, Mr. Curtner married Miss Mary E. Myers and
they were the parents of two children. She passed
away in California, and his third marriage united him
with Miss Lucy Latham, who survives him and whose
sketch will be found in this volume. Mr, Curtner was
liberal with his vast means along all progressive lines;
he was especially active in educational matters, and
remembering the trials and discouragements of his
orphaned boyhood, was generous to all institutions of
this kind. He was one of Santa Clara County's most

iieited philanthropists. Me passed away at the Warm
Springs home November 1, l'il6.

Allen E. Curtner was but ten years old when his
mother died. He reeei\'ed his education at Irvington
College, of which his father was one of the organiz-
ers. In 1898 the building was burned and Mr. Curt-
ner sold the proiJerl\-, and the college was rebuilt and
is now operated under the name of the Anderson
Academy. Mr. Curtner began ranching on a part ol
the old Curtner ranch, and in 1914 took up his resi-
di nee on his present place. His whole life has been
spent on the farm, and consequently is thoroughly
conversant with ever\' jihase ol agriculture and horti-
culture, to which he has given much study.

Mr. Curtner's marriage occurred in Milpitas, De-
cember 4, 1889, and united him with Miss Rosabella
Hewitt, a native of Manchester, England, who came
\vith her parents to California at the age of fourteen
years. She is a daughter of William and Isabelle
(McLachlan) Hewitt. The McLaehlan family are
traced back to Castle Douglas and have a coat of
arms. Great-grandfather McLachlan married a Miss
McGee, also of a noble family. Wm. Hewitt died in
l'"ngland and the mother, with her children, Rosabella
and Walter, came to Irvington, Cal., in 1880, and the
fcrmer was educated at the Warm Springs school.
Her mother and brother both live in Sunnyvale. Mr.
and Mrs. Curtner are the i>arents of three children:
Isabella, Louise, and Alan Iv Isabella is the w-ife of
Bud D. More, employed by the Associated Oil Com-
pany, and they reside on a ten-acre ranch near Sunny-
vale, the entire acreage planted to Bartlett pears.
Louise is the wife of Derol Chace, associated with
his father as agents for the Associated Oil Company,
and they reside in San Jose. Alan E. served overseas
in the One Hundred F'orty-third L^ S. Artillery, For-
tieth Division, until his return and discharge. He
married Miss Celesta Jane Burch of Los Angeles and
they reside on a ranch on the Stevens Creek road.
Mr. Curtner's ranch is located on Maud Avenue near
Pastoria Avenue, one and one-half miles northwest of
Sunnyvale, and consists of 279 acres of valuable land;
204 acres in alfalfa and hay is leased for a dairy; the
balance is rented for vegetable growing. The>' are
members of the Christian church in San Jose. Mr.
Curtner has resided on this ranch for the past eight
years, and he is one of those citizens whose settle-
ment in the locality has been a factor in the develop-
ment of the material resources of the county.

JOHN H. FAHEY.— A native of Iowa who. as a
hard-working, progressive and successful business
man has made good in California, is John H. Fahey,
the owner of some twenty-two acres in his home
ranch at Sunnyvale, and about ninety-seven acres in
a tract at the Alountain A'iew landing or harbor in
wdiose future be places great confidence. He was
born at Clinton, in the Hawkeye State, on Septem-
ber 24, 1881, and was a student at the high school
at Lyo'ns, Iowa. He then pursued courses at the
Lbiiversity of Iowa, and lia\-ing completed his studies,
he went to work in the First National Bank at
Clinton, where he was emidoyed for three years. He
had inherited the best of qualities from his father.
John J. Fahey, who died, however, when our subject
was only six >ears old, and from his devoted mother,
who is happily still living with him at Sunnyvale.
His bookkeeping experience had given him a valu-

382

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

aljle Ijusincss training, and when lie went m for
farming and oil-producing, lie ^vas able to manage
his affairs «ith capabilitA'. The climatic conditions
of California induced him to visit the Golden State
in 1918, and he availed himself of the opportunity to
travel through this Coast region and to judge for
himself; in 191'* he Ijought his property, and in
1920 he came out here to li\'e. He had done well
prior to coming here, and he was thus able to bring
to California a comfortable competence.

At ^lonmouth, III, in 1914, \lr. Fahey was mar-
ried to Miss Kli;:abeth Martin, the daughter of John
and Mary Martin, of the well-known Martin fam-
ily of Little York, AVarren County, 111., established
there as earlj- as 1830. The Martins came from
Muskin,gum County, Ohio, to Warren County, 111.,
in the early days and a member of the family, Wil-
liam Martin, was killed In- the Indians at Little
York in 1832, during the Black Hawk War. She
graduated from iMonmouth College, and both in her
home circle and in the world beyond, she has been
able to stand side by side with her husband, as a
real and valuable helpmate. Mr. and Mrs. Fahey
attend the Catholic Church, and Mr. Fahey is an
Elk. Together they manage their excellent fruit
ranch, extend a generous hospitality to their circle
of friends and look forward to the time when Moun-
tain View harbor will come to its own.

LOUIS P. BENOIT.— A veteran business man
of Palo Alto was the late Louis E. Benoit, the Stan-
ford University merchant tailor, who had actively
and successfully plied his trade there for the past
twenty-five years. He was born at San Loup,
France, December 7, 1844. There he grew to man-
hood and learned thoroughly his trade of tailor, so
that he could always be counted upon to do fine and
conscientious work. He served in the French army
with distinction in the war of 1871, receiving special
medals for bravery. In 1874 he came to America
and settled at Woodland and established his busi-
ness and conducted it successfully for two years.
He became a naturalized citizen of the Lhiited States
in Woodland in 1879 and during the same year his
marriage occurred, which united him with Miss Mar-
garet St. Louis, a daughter of Edward St. Louis,
a native of Canada, and one of Yolo County's first
settlers; he had married Miss Marcella Perpctua
Tack, who was horn at Martinsburg, Berkeley
County, W. Ya., February 12, 1825, and her ancestors
were descendants of the Lord Baltimore colonists.
Edward St. Louis had removed from Canada to
Missouri and on account of the prominence of the
St. Louis family, the great city of St. Louis was
named after them; he left Missouri with his wdfe and
three children on April 3, 1852, making the journej'
across the plains by ox-team; upon arriving in Sacra-
mento, September 18, 1852, they settled at Knights
Landing, and Air. St. Louis later became a farmer
in Yolo County. He passed away in 1895, and his
wife survived him until 1904. Ylr. and Mrs. St.
Louis were the parents of ten children: Charles E.,
lately deceased, was the first newspaper man in
Woodland, being the founder and publisher of the
Woodland News, he was later in life a farmer and
he passed away in 1921 at the age of seventy-eight
vears; the second child, a daughter, died in infancy;
Geor.ge resides in Fresno County; Francis, now of
San Leandro, Cak, formerly lived in Colusa, and
«as among the lirst farmers in that section to pro-

mote irrigation; later he became a surveyor; Mrs.
Mary Hebert resides in Berkeley, Cak; Virginia re-
sides on the old home place in Yolo County; Mrs.
Silvina Spooner resides in Glenn County; Mrs. Mar-
cella Foster resides in Butte County; Mrs. Mar-
garet Benoit, the wife of our subject; Martha resides
upon the old liome place in Yolo County, Cal.

Mr. and Mrs. Benoit removed to Palo Alto in
1895, and Mr. Benoit purchased the pioneer tailor
shop and conducted it for over a quarter of a cen-
tury; he was a hard worker and by his thorough
and conscientious work built up a large and paying
business. Fle was a favorite with everyone; citizen,
student and professor alike. In 1905 he purchased
a residence at 824 Bryant Street, wdiere the family
resides. Mr. and Mrs. Benoit were the parents of
two children; Evelyn married William Fiske Henry,
superintendent and part owner of the Palo Alto
Times, and they have four children, Wilma, Wilbur,
Louise and Arthur John; Eugene died at the age of
one year. The family belong to the St. Thomas
Acpiinas Catholic Church. Mr. Benoit passed away,
on January 21, 1922, at his home at 824 Bryant
Street. His condition, following a paralytic stroke,
had been critical for several days. Funeral services
were held at St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Church
on January 23, and was one of the largest ever held
from that church.

GEORGE W. ALEXANDER.— The career of
George W. Alexander has manifested business enter-
prise and progrcssiveness, and he is the energetic
president of the Alexander Company, manufacturers
of Tru-Malt Syrup. A New Yorker by birth, he
was born February 22, 1863, in New York City, a
son of Isadore and Emily Alexander, wdio were
early settlers in California, coming here as early as
1849, via Nicaragua, the mother returning to her
native state, where the subject of this sketch was
born. Fler return trip was made by the way of the
Isthmus of Panama. The father was a shoemaker
by trade, and was the first man to teach the China-
men of San Francisco to make slippers, and at one
time employed as many as 300. He was a man of
liberal education and conducted stores in Oakland
and San Francisco wdth marked success. Both
parents have passed away. *

George W. Alexander was educated in the public
schools of Oakland and learned his trade under the
able supervision of his father. He removed to San
Jose in 1884 and for eighteen years was engaged in
(he shoe business. He has the distinction of being
the first superintendent of Alum Rock Park, and
became knowm as the "Ylayor of Alum Rock."

The marriage of Mr. Alexander occurred in San
Jose and un.ited him with Miss Celestine Hart, the
oldest daughter of Leopold Hart, pioneer dry goods
merchant of San Jose. Mr. Alexander lends his
time and influence to the betterment of his commun-
ity in general, is actively identified with the Cham-
ber of Commerce, Merchants' Association, and PIu-
mane Society. Fraternally he is affiliated with the
local organization of Elks. His recreation, from
his busy cares, is playing golf and he was a charter
member of the Golf Club of San Jose and is also a
member of the Country Club. Throughout his entire
life, he has exercised high and honorable principles
and his activities for the good of the community m
which he has resided for so many years, has been
far-reaching and resultant.

S€<^M.^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUN'JA'

585

WILLIAM F. HAAG.— Coniiiiy to America when
onl>' sixteen years of a.u\', William I''. Haag has by
hard work and eliaraeteristie thrift built up a for-
tune that has been earned by intelbKent nuina,i_te-
nient and strict econonix'. L'.orn in Wittenbert;-, Ger-
many, February 4, 18(i8. sixteen >'ears later he left
for America te^ seek his fortune in the new country
of greater opportunities. Arri\ing in California he
settled in Mountain \'iew, and for a number of >ears
worked on farms throughout the neighborhootl. His
educational opportunities were very hunted, but by
practical experience he has become an excellent
manager and capable business man.

In 1902 Air. Haag was married to Miss Klis-
Rengstortf:', a daughter of the late Henry Rengstortf,
and at her father's death she inherited tlie home
place of 167 acres on tl>e Sterling road, one and a
half miles north of Mountain \'iew. Mr. and Mrs.
Haag prior to their removal to ^Mountain \'iew had
lived at Los Altos and had developed a fine orchard
home, but in 1911 this place was sold and they re-
moved to the old Rengstorff homeplace. The father,
Henry Rengstorff, passed away in 1906 and the
mother made her home with Mrs, Haag until her
demise in 1919. Mr. Haag rents 155 acres of the
ranch to a dairy farmer, but for six years Mr. Haag
ran it as a grain and hay farm. The place is kept in
fine condition and Mr. and Mrs. Haag are enjoying
the success that has come to them through intelligent
planning and conservative investment. Mrs. Haag
is one of a family of seven children, only three of
«hom are still living. She is a prominent member
of the Eastern Star lodge of Mountain View. Mr.
and A'Irs. Haag are stockholders in the Farmers &
Merchants Bank of Mountain A'iew and they will-
ingly give their support to matters for advancement
of the general good of the community and are
enthusiastic boosters for Santa Clara County.

THEODORE JOHNSON.— Acquiring his ffrst
ranch property in Santa Clara County in 1897, Theo-
dore Johnson is now the owner of seventy-seven
acres of choice land in the Edenvale district, a good
part of which is devoted to orchard, and his j^ears
of industry have brought him good success. Mr.
Johnson was born in Skone, Sweden, F"ebruary 27,
1862, his parents being Johannes and Christine John-
son. He was reared and educated at the old home
and as is the custom there, was confirmed at the
age of fourteen. Leaving his native land when he
became of age, Mr. Johnson came to America, and
arrived at San Jose,. Cal., May 23, 1883. He re-
mained here for six months, and then joined his
older brother, Nils Johnson, who had preceded him
to this country some four years, and who had gone
to work in the mines at Bisbee, Ariz. Theodore
Johnson spent three years in the mines there, and
on coming back to the Santa Clara Valley, he
worked for the next nine years as a gardener on the
estate of E. A. and J, O. Hayes at Edenvale. In
May, 1897, he took his family for a trip to his old
home to see his parents, and he returned to Cali-
fornia in October. The next day after he arrived
he purchased twenty-four acres of land at Edenvale
which he had selected before he left for Sweden,
but had been unable to close the deal. Subsequently
he added ten acres more, and in 1908 he bought
forty-two acres of the Hayes-Chynoweth property

in the Senter tract, and this he has been developing
to orchard. The extensive improvements which he
has made on Ins holdings are largely the work of
his own hands, so that he is especially deserving of
the success ^\■hicll he is enjoying.

At San Jose, in 1887, Mr. Johnson was married
to Miss Amanda Nelson, like himself a native of
Sweden, and three children have been born to them:
Lil\' Christine is the wife of Frank Anderson, a
rancher, .and the>' have live children; Carl Johan
married Miss Ingeborg Buck, they have four chil-
dren and reside at lulenvalc; lunil Theodore assists
on the home ranch, wdiich is situated on Cottle Road.
Mr. Johnson is a charter member of the California
l-^'rune and Apricot Growers, Inc., and has Ijelonged
to the Druids for more than thirty years, being a
charter member of the local lodge. A patriotic citi-
zen of his adopted country, he received his citizen-
ship pajiers in the early nineties and has since then
been an adherent of the Republican party.

WILLIAM W. PARKS.— A cattleman rated as
among the most extensive operators in all Santa
Clara County who has been able to display repeat-
edly the most admirable public-spiritedncss, although
his exacting business interests withdraw him from
social life, is William W. Parks, a native of New
York, wdiere he was born at South Glens Falls, in
Saratoga County, on October 3, 1875, the son of
Mr. and Mrs. William Parks, and the grandson of
W. W. Parks. William Parks, Sr., was a stock-
man who came to California in 1881 and first pitched
his tent near Los Gatos in Santa Clara County; and
soon afterward he removed to the Calaveras Val-
ley, wdiere he took up a homestead of 160 acres
on the hills, which he not long afterward .gave up.
William AV. Parks became interested in range land
to the east of Calaveras Valley, and during the last
fourteen years he has been in control of about 14,000
acres of range land owned by the Spring Valley
Water Company, part of the land lying in the Cala-
veras Valley, but most of the acreage situate on the
hills directly to the east. There he breeds and
raises most of his cattle, but occasionally he makes
a trip to Nevada, to purchase range stock. He either
raises or buys the cattle he needs, runs them on the
range, and then sells them on the markets; and the
amount of his stock ranges all the way from 500
to 1800 head of cattle, according to the season's
supply of feed.

As a boy Mr. Parks attended the public school in
the Oak Ridge district, in the Calaveras Valley, but
this was all the schooling he cnjoj'ed; he was an
observant reader, however, and when he had reached
manhood was well prepared to cope with the world.
At San Rafael, on September 23, 1910, he -was mar-
ried to Miss Bertha Pierce, a native of Marshfield,
Coos County, Ore., and the daughter of John C.
and Orian (Moorehead) Pierce, natives respectively
of Maine and Yreka, Siskiyou County, Cal. Mr.
Pierce came out to Oregon when a young man,
and Mrs. Parks' maternal grandfather was a '49er.
wdio came to California in the gold rush and after-
ward moved North to Oregon. Mr. Pierce was
for many years identified with the Simpson Lumber
Co. of Oregon, and became widely known to the
building trade. l^Ir. Parks is a member of the San
Jose Lodge No. 522, B. P. O. E.. and both he and
his wdfe are ardent supporters of the Republican
party and its political platform.

586

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

STEPHEN POOLE SANDERS.— y\mong those
who were the real promoters of Santa Clara County
and contributed in a substantial manner to her up-
building was numbered Stephen Poole Sanders, whose
personal worth and business ability, whose progres-
sive citizenship and high standards, were attested by
the circle of warm friends whom he left behind when
death called him. He was born at Paradise West,
Nova Scotia, April 23, 1835, and is the son of Will-
iam and Irene (Poole) Sanders, who were both na-
tives of Nova Scotia. Mr. Sanders' grandfather, who
was of English descent, was born and reared in New
England and being a United Empire Loyalist, he re-
moved with his family to Nova Scotia in order to
avoid fighting against England. Of their seven

children, Mr. Sanders was the fifth oldest and was
reared and educated in Nova Scotia. He began mak-
ing his livelihood as a photographer and had his bus-
iness in St. John, N. B. In 1858 he came to Cali-
fornia by way of the Isthmus of Panama and his
first work was in the mines; later at Marysville, he
opened a photograph gallery and after working there
awhile, he engaged in the same business for a short
time in San Erancsico. Going from San Francisco
to San Jose in 1867 he followed this line of work
there for the next three years.

In 1882 Mr. Sanders purchased a farm consisting
of twenty-five acres of stubble field which he set to
prunes and here he has proven to be a very success-
ful horticulturist. This property is still in the pos-
session of the family. Mrs. Sanders' maiden name
was Nan Amelia Alline. and she was born in Nova
Scotia, the daughter of Joseph and Parnel (De Wolfe)
Alline. They were natives of Nova Scotia and of
French descent. When Nan Alline was four years
old her parents removed to St. John, N. B., where
she attended the public schools, and was a devout ad-
herent of the Baptist Church. It was in St. John that
she met Mr. Sanders and the romance culminated in
their marriage in San Francisco, November 17, 1862,
Miss Alline having made the journey via Panama to
join her intended. Mr. and Mrs. Sanders were the
parents of a son, Alline De Wolfe, who passed away
at the age of four years. They reared a niece, Jennie
M. Saunders, who has been a member of the family
since she was five years old and so was like a
daughter to them. She now has charge of the home
place. Mr. Sanders passed away at the age of sev-
enty-nine, but was very active until his demise, which
occurred in 1914. He was a member of the State
Grange. A man of high ideals and integrity, his
life and character had an uplifting influence upon the
development of the section of the country in which
he passed his days.

WALTER G. FITZGERALD.— The bar of Santa
Clara County acknowledges in W'alter G. Fitzgerald,
one of its most influential and prominent members.
A native of California, lie was born near New Alma-
den. Santa Clara County, August 30, 1873, the oldest
of five children born to Thomas and Mary A. Fitzger-
ald, natives of the province of Quebec, Canada. His
grandfather, named Walter Fitzgerald, was born
in County Wexford, Ireland, and at an early age left
his native land and settled in Canada, where the
father of our subject was born about 1841). Walter
Fitzgerald. Sr., was the father of seven sons and one
daughter, and while residing in Canada was engaged
in farming and lumbering.

Before the discovery of gold in California, reports

of its rich soil had reached the family of the Fitz-
geralds in their quiet home among the pines on the
St. Lawrence, and they at once resolved to go west.
Two of the sons, James and John, were sent on ahead
and arrived in California in 1851. Their report of the
climate and the richness of the soil created a desire
to settle in this state. Walter Fitzgerald, Sr., sold
his holdings in Canada and with his remaining family
started for California via the Isthmus of Panama
and arrived in San Francisco in 1853. The family
settled at Gilroy and began the erection of a home.
The boys secured from Daniel Murphy, an old friend
and acquaintance of the family, who had come from
the same part of Canada a few years previous, a con-
tract to split redwood rails in the mountains near Gil-
roy, and as a compensation for their labors in making
rails and hauling them to the valley, secured from Mr.
Murphy a 1000-acre tract of valley land near Ma-
drone. The rails taken from the virgin forest by the
Fitzgeralds over fifty years ago may still be seen
forming the heavy post and rail fences which enclosed
the possessions of the Murphys between San Jose
and Gilroy. Walter Fitzgerald, Sr., came of a hardy
and long-lived family and he himself attained to the
age of ninety years. All of the seven sons suceeded
well in California, and some married and reared fam-
ilies and have descendants living in the county.

Thomas Fitzgerald, the father of our subject, pur-
chased a ranch of about 800 acres between Madrone
and the New Almaden mines, and was engaged in
general farming and stock raising until 1884 He
then disposed of his ranch and invested in a 200-
acre farm near Gilroy, on which he resided until he
passed away in 1890. He was married in California
to Miss Mary A. Cullen, a daughter of Thomas
Cullcn, who came to California from the same part
of Canada as did Mr. Fitzgerald, in 1867. On the
homestead of the Fitzgeralds near Gilroy, Walter
Cj. acquired a sound constitution and sane views of
life. His preliminary education was practical and
thorough and was acquired in the country schools
and at the grammar and high schools of Gilroy. In
1895 he began the study of law in the office of W, A,
Johnston, an able and prominent lawyer of San
Jose, and after studious application to his work, was
admitted to the bar in December, 1897.

After being admitted to practice law, Mr. Fitz-
.gerald followed his profession in San Jose until
1903, at wdrich time he removed to Gilroy, where he
is still practicing. In 1908 he was elected mayor of
Gilroy, serving in that office one term, and since
that time has been serving his community as city
attorney. He was one of the organizers of the
Chamber of Commerce and served first as vice-presi-
dent, then succeeded H. Hecker as its president and
held this office for eight years. The steady growth of
this body was largely due to the untiring efforts of
Mr. Fitzgerald.

The marriage of W. G. Fitzgerald occurred in San
Francisco September 8, 1913, and united him with
Miss Adelaine Cassamayou, and they are the parents
of two children, Thomas Gerald and Kathleen A. both
attending school. Full of energy and determination,
and having a thorough knowledge of the theory
and practice of the law, Mr. Fitzgerald is the most
influential member of the bar in his community, and
maintains the dignity and high standing of his
familv. He is a member of the County Bar Asso-

Ao yf J-. jc

CC<yty

cCjt-^i^^^^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.AKA COUN'IA'

59]

elation and politically he is a stanch Democrat, and
has been a member of the County Central Committee.
He is a volunteer tireman and a member of the lilks
Lodge of San Jose. He has always been actuated
by a spirit of advancement in all that he does and
he has sought not only to promote material progress
hut also to aid in the intellectual and moral devel-
opment of the community in which he resides.

FRANK W. STEWART.— I'ronunent anu.n.g the
most energetic, far-seeing, successful and influen-
tial business men of Santa Clara is undoubtedly
Frank W. Stewart, of 105,i Franklin Street, a na-
tive of Payson, Utah, where he was born on May
,U, 1878, the son of William Duff Stewart, now liv-
ing retired at San Jose, a native of Perthshire, Scot-
land, who came to .\merica when he was seven-
teen years old. In 1871 he made Nevada his des-
tination, and until 1885 he en.ga.ged in freighting.
At Eureka, in that state, he was married to Miss
Maggie Weisik, and he continued to live at Eureka
until 1885, for a time being a partner of \V. L.
Pritchard, nicknamed "Nick of the Woods" and an
original, odd character. Mr. Stewart built up a
large freighting business, furnishing transportation
from Palisade to Eureka, and from Eureka to Bel-
mont, Pioche, Ely. Tibo and other neighboring min-
ing camps. He and his associates became the own-
ers of thirteen twenty-mule teams, and in 1885 took
a couple of twenty-mule teams and drove them over-
land to Butte. Mont. He used the teams to haul
wood, for he furnished wood to the smelters for
the Anaconda Mines. From Butte Mr. Stewart re-
moved to San Jose. Cal.. in 1887. and he engaged in
the real estate movements aiTected by the Boom;
and later he went back to Nevada, and settled at
Beowawc. near Elko, and engaged in the stock
business. He stayed there from 1889 to 1905, when
he went to Tonopah and Goldfields to embark in
mercantile pursuits; but since 1908 he and his de-
voted wife have lived in San Jose, residing at 227
South Second Street.

Frank \V. Stewart attended the public schools in
San Jose, and then pursued courses of study in what
is now Heald's Business College. He next joined
his father in the stock business in Nevada, and was
with him as a partner for fifteen years and two
months, and when only seventeen years of age, had
charge of 18,000 head of stock. He continued to
manage the business until 1905; and when his father
removed to Tonopah. he came to Santa Clara where,
two years before, he had been married to Miss lithel
Parker, a daughter of Charles Parker, the capital-
ist. Then and there he engaged in orcharding, and
for eight years he made a specialt>- of growing
prunes; in 1911 he started in with his present busi-
ness as a dealer in wood, coal and building materi-
als, for wdiich he uses one team and two trucks.

Charles Parker, just referred to. has been one of
Santa Clara County's most substantial citizens for
many years. A native of ilissouri. he was born in
Jackson County on ilarch 20. 1845. the son of a
Kentuckian. William Parker, who had married Miss
Sarah H. Wilson, a native daughter of Maryland.
Far back in 1838, they moved from the Blue Grass
State into Missouri, where Mr. Parker engaged in
farming and stockraising. and so it happened that
until Charles Parker was eighteen years of age. he
grew up in that field of activity, where he also re-

ceived the best educational advantages that the local-
ity and the times could afford. In 186.1 be went
West and became a well-known teamster on the great
route between Kansas City and Santa F'e; in 1867
he came h.ick to Jackson County to farm, hut in
1871 he resiionded to the lure of California and moved
West to Santa Clara County. This was a year
after he had married Miss Elsie T. Mason, the daugh-
ter of James C. and Mary (Sta|des) Mason, resi-
dents of Jackson County, a charming lady wdio
passid away within less than a year. In November,
1876, he was married to Miss J. J. Hudson, a resi-
dent of Santa Clara County, and the daughter of
William D. and Mary Ami (Haun) Hudson, who
became the mother of one child, l'",thel H. One
child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Stewart —
a daughter, Nadene. Mrs. Stewart is a native daugh-
ter, and so is her mother, who was horn seven
miles from Santa Clara.

Mr. Stewart has been successful to a hi.gh degree.
his progress affording a fine illustration of what
brains, industry and integrity will do; and he has
become a substantial stockholder in the Santa Clara
P.ranch of the Garden City Bank & Trust Co.
of San Jose. He is an Odd Fellow, and belongs to
Lodge No. 52. at Santa Clara.

ADOLPH WILLIAM EHRHORN.— An intelli-
gent, hard worker is found in Adolph William Ehr-
horn, a successful rancher of Mountain View, who
owns a ranch of thirty acres, a portion of the old
Martin Murphy ranch, twenty acres being planned
to Bartlett pears and the balance of ten acres to
cherries, A native son of California, he was born
in San FVancisco, January 6, 1869, a son of the late
Adolph Paul Ehrhorn, who came to San Francisco
in 1848 from Peru, where he had been engaged in
the mercantile business. He married Louisa Bolton
McFarland, whose father was a native of Scotland,
while her mother was horn in France. Mrs. Ehr-
horn was born in Peru, South America, where her
father was in the general merchandise business.
.A.dolph Paul Ehrhorn was born in Hamburg, Ger-
many and was descended from a long line of mer-
chants, and was one of the early merchants of San
Francisco. He and his wife were the parents of
fourteen children, ten of whom grew up, and nine
living: Oscar A., is a merchant at Cochabamba,
Bolivia, South America. He is married and has
three children. Mrs. W. A. Nygh is a widow resid-
ing at Palo Alto. Edward M. is horticultural com-
missioner of the Hawaiian Islands and Marie also
resides there. George lives in San Francisco, where
he is employed by the Spring Valley Water Com-
pany. Mrs. Louise James resides in Palo Alto.
Charles H. is engaged in the real estate business in
Santa Ana. Cal. Adolph William is the subject of
this sketch. Mrs. Basil Prior, who resides with her
husband at Lindsay, where he is an orange grower.
The oldest member of the family was Frank, who
died at San Francisco.

Adolph William attended the public schools of
San Francisco, and Mountain View. After his father's
death, the city property was traded for a Moun-
tain View ranch of twent>--five acres of the old Tom
Steele place, which was planted out to orchard in
1884. Mr. Ehrhorn bought his present place in 1906.
planted it to orchard and during April, 1919, took
up his residence there. He was married in San
ITancisco to Miss Lillie Strauch, a daughter of

591

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

John O. Straucn, a warehouseman of San Fran-
cisco, and they arc the parents of six children: Dor-
oth}', a student at Stanford; Jack, also at Stanford;
Marie Louise in Mountain View high school;
Adolph Wilham, Jr., a student in high school: Kath-
ryn and Robert in grammar school. Mr. Ehrhorn is
a niemljer of the I'ear Growers' Association. Suc-
cess has crowned his well-directed efforts and the
reward of prosperity is his b)' hard work,
perseverance and industry.

MAJOR LEWIS FOSTER PARKER.— A worthy
pioneer settler whose name is linked with the earliest
days of California and Santa Clara County, is the
late Maj. f^ewis Foster Parker, wdio contributed much
toward the development of Ahnaden township, for
so many years his home. Major Parker was born
on March 20, 1824, in Highland County, Ohio, his
parents being William and FUizabeth (Davis) Parker,
both natives of Pennsylvania. On his paternal side
Major Parker was of English descent, wdiile his
mother's people were of Welsh origin. His parents
removed to Highland County, Ohio, and later to In-
dianapolis, Ind., wdrere William Parker built the first
flouring mill. He afterwards returned to Ohio, where
he passed his remaining days. Lewis F. Parker had
a brother, J. D. Parker, living at Terre Haute, Ind.,
who held the office of county clerk of Vigo County, so
made his way thither as a young man and attended
Terre Haute Academv", after which, for a time, he
assisted his brother in the county clerk's office. He
then proceeded to T^aporte, Ind., where he was em-
ployed as a clerk in a store and it was in that city
lie formed the acquaintance of Miss Julia A. Keith,
whom he afterwards married. Mr. Parker then en-
gaged in farming until the discovery of gold in Cali-
fornia was heralded in the East and with others he
outfitted with liorses and pack ponies and came horse-
back across the plains, being enroute about six
months, arriving in California September 1, 18S0.

Going first to Georgetown, El Dorado County, he
next located at Horseshoe Bend, wdiere he engaged
in mining, going from there to Spanish Flat. Here
his wife joined him, coming via Panama in 1852;
he remained there until 1856, tlien came to Santa
Clara County, and settled on a ranch of 320 acres
in Almaden township, the place now owned 1)y his
daugliter, Miss N. Elizabeth Parker. Here he en-
gaged in farming and stockraising, the country be-
ing then only sparsely settled and quite in its primi-
tive state, so that his labors paved the way for the
succeeding generations. Prominent in the military
affairs of the state in the early days, Mr. Parker
was a commissioned captain of the New Almaden
Cavalry, Company K, California Militia, on Jan-
uary 28, 1865, and served until November 1, 1867,
being promoted to the rank of major. FIc was
also active in the public affairs of the county and
was a prominent Republican; he also served as dep-
uty eounl_\- assessor under D. M, Harwood and W. O.
Barker. The school district was organized at the
Parker home about 1858. The question came up for
a name of the district; some suggested Parker, but
the Major was too modest to permit it. .■\fter other
names had been suggested Mrs. Parker said, "Why
not call it Lhrion district," as the people in the
district were strong pro-union. Thus it was decided
and Major Parker was school trustee froin its organ-
ization until be resigned.

Major Parker was married at Laporte, Ind., on
December 23, 1847, to Miss Julia Keith, and they
became the parents of one daughter, N. Elizabeth,
wdio owns and makes her home on the Parker ranch,
managing its 320 acres with splendid ability. She
is proud of being a native daughter and is a Re-
publican in her political affiliations, taking a progres-
sive interest in community affairs through her mem-
bership in the Neighbors Club. Major Parker passed
away on October 2U, 1S92, the mother surviving him
until January 31, 1911, both worthy pioneers whose
memory vcill always be held in grateful remembrance.

HARRIET NEWELL HARVEY.— Among the

worthy and esteemed residents of Santa Clara
County is Miss Harriet Newell Harvey, who is now
located upon a ranch of twenty-four acres in the
neighborhood c^f Coyote, which she is successfully
conducting. She is the Western representative of
an old New England family. Her grandfather, Elias
Harvey, a native of Rhode Island, removed to Con-
necticut and followed the occupation of farmer until
his death, which occurred in Colchester, that state.
In the family was a son also named F.lias, who was
born in Colchester, Conn., and in manhood became
a merchant and later was engaged in agricultural
pursuits, remaining on the old home place until the
time of his death. He was a prominent figure in
both local and state aft'airs, as a Republican in poli-
ties representing his district in the state legislature
for one term. In local affairs he served as school
director for many years. He married Miss Sallie
Maria Ransom, a native of Salem, Conn., and she
passed away in Colchester. Her grandfather, John
Ransom, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War.

Of a family of two sons and three daughters, Har-
riet Newel! Harvey was the youngest daughter and
next to the youngest child. She was born in Col-
chester, Conn., November 19, 1843, and was there
reared to womanhood. Her education was received
in the public schools and in the academy at Colches-
ter. After the death of her father, March 17, 1879,
she remained at home nine years, taking care of
her mother, who died March 16, 1888. In 1890 Miss
Harvey came as far west as Kansas, where she vis-
ited with relatives. Following this trip she and her
oldest sister came to Madrone, Cal., and visited an
uncle, Joel W. Ransom, for several months, after
which, in 1892, she returned to Connecticut and
spent three months. In the same year she agani
came to California and became a member of the
famil\' of Joel W. Ransom, her mother's brother.
Mr. Ransom's death occurred July 11, 1897, on the
farm where Miss Harvey now resides, which her
uncle has deeded to her three years previous to his
death, and which consisted of eighty-three acres.
The ranch is devoted to the raising of prunes, apples
and other fruit. In the inanagement of her ranch,
Miss Harvey shou's a marked adaptability for the
work. The property is located on the Monterey
Road, one-half mile south of Coyote. Miss Harvey
was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church
at Coyote and was active in its various departments
during the existence of the church, having served as
president of the Ladies' Aid Society for twelve con-
secutive Axars, and she made it one of the most
efficient societies in the county. She was also one
c;f the trustees and stewardesses of the church and
is highly esteemed and respected for the many good
deeds she has done.

^.

-/^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

595

L. H. ALBERTSON.— A prominent citizen of Santa
Clara County particularly active in the Santa Clara
Chamber of Comnieree is L. H. Albcrtson, learned in
the law, in which he has been admitted to practice, ex-
perienced in extensive dairying, and now the owner
of many acres of blackberries, famous for their rare
quality and great productivity. He was born in Den-
mark in 1868, and there grew up on his father's farm.
^^■hen he was eighteen, he crossed the ocean to Amer-
ica and for a while settled in Iowa; but in 1890 he
came to California and pitched his tent in Stanislaus
County. He accpiired property near Newman, and
there pursued grain farming.

Desiring a still higher education, ]\Ir. Albertson
in 1891 entered upon the academic course of the Col-
lege of the Pacific: and in 1900 he was graduated
from this institution. Following this, for a year
he took advanced work at Stanford, and in 1901 he
war married to Miss Thomasine Headen, youngest
daughter of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Headen.
and the only child of that distinguished surgeon now
living — a cultured and accomplished lady. After his
marriage ^Ir. Albertson ran a large dairy for years
and succeeded: and later he turned the place into
a fruit ranch, where he now has seven acres of
Himalaya blackberries, among the wonder producers
of the Santa Clara Valley. i\Ir. Albertson is also
operating a ranch in Livingston, ?\Ierced County,
where he owns 120 acres which he is rapidly setting
out to a vineyard, besides being engaged in dairy-
ing. Not caring for the general practice of law, he
has never followed it, although his knowledge of law
and legal processes has often helped him in his own
or in community affairs.

Public spirited to a marked degree, !Mr. Albertson
served for three years as president of the Santa
Clara Chamber of Commerce, his term extending
from 1913 until 1916: and during this period he
was very active in collecting and installing exhibits
from the Santa Clara Valley for its exhibit at the
Panama-Pacific Exposition at San Francisco in 1915,
at which exposition he took the first gold medal with
his Himalaya blackberries. He also took a first prize
for a two-year-old Guernsey bull, and the reserve
championship with the same animal, and his was the
only livestock prize bestowed on any exhibitor from
Santa Clara County. Mr. Albertson is now among
the pioneer farmers and stockraisers of these parts.
His close observation, study and experience has made
him well posted, so much so that his conclusions and
ideas have been often sought and are followed by
many others with good success. It is to men of the
type of Mr. Albertson. who are not afraid to work,
venture and experiment that the county owes much
of its present development and greatness.

Mr. Albertson is particularly active in interest-
ing the public in the improvement of the proposed
Alviso water-way, which will open the way for ship-
ping by water all kinds of fruits and products from
river points to the Santa Clara Valley. He visions
the making of a consolidated city of San Jose and
Santa Clara, and of extending its limits to the
water-ways at Alviso. In order to do this, the
Alviso channel or slough will have to be straight-
ened and deepened, so that boats laden with the
products of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys
can run up from the river points through the Bay
to Alviso. He is making a strong and active ap-

peal for these improvements, and his reports and
l^lans, now a part of the Congressional Record, were
taken up by Congress through Senator I'helan, who
was activch' sup|iorting the project, and it would
no doubt have already been an accomplished fact
had it not been for the intervention of the war.

.Mr. and Airs. .Albertson make their home on the
Pleadeu ranch and in the improvements made there
they are preserving as far as possible Dr. Headen's
ideas of replanting the place to orchards and berries
and particularly in the preserving the row of red-
wood trees he planted in the sixties as well as the
live oak grove that is the admiration of all who see
them. The redwoods along the state highway have
now become a landmark, admired by thousands of
tourists. In 1913 they built a beautiful stucco resi-
dence, up-to-date in every respect, and there they
dispense a generous hospitality. As a member
of the Alumni of the College of the Pacific, Mr.
Albertson retains his association with both the aca-
demic and the student world.

OSTRUM H. YERKES.— An lowan who has
been succeeding so well, since he established him-
self in California that he is now rated as one of
the leading dealers in wood, coal, hay and straw in
Santa Clara County, is Ostrum H. .Yerkes. whose
office and yards are at 1066 Main Street, Santa Clara.
He was born in Benton County. Iowa, on May 16.
1875, the son of S. A. Yerkes, a gentleman now
eighty-five years old, a well-to-do farmer with an
enviable record for public service as a supervisor.
He was born in Indiana, came to Iowa before the
Civil War, and married at Vinton Miss Catherine
Hite. They reared a family of twelve children,
eleven of whom are still living: and they themselves
are both now living at Vinton, Benton County,
Iowa. The youngest of the family is thirty-four, and
the eldest fifty-four.

The eldest son and the fifth child, Ostrum, was
sent to the country schools, and then he went for
a year to the Tilford Academy at Vinton; and grow-
ing up to hear good reports of the Golden State, he
decided to come out to California. He became coach-
man for Mrs. T. B. Dawson at Sunnyvale, and there
met his future wife, Miss Alice Rupp. daughter of
John Rupp, the well-known railway man, once mas-
ter-mechanic for the C, R. I. & P. Ry., who for
forty-five years lived at Washington, Iowa, and is now
living retired on a pension granted by the company,
at the home of Mr. Yerkes in San Jose. He is a
member of the G. A. R. back in Iowa, from which
state he volunteered in the Civil War when but fif-
teen years old and served through that entire strug-
gle. He was in the siege of Vicksburg and went
with Sherman on his March to the Sea and took part
in the Grand Review at Washington. D. C, at the
close of the war. Mr. and Mrs. Yerkes were mar-
ried on Washington's Birthday, 1904. at Washing-
ton. Iowa, and they remained in Iowa for a year
after their marriage, when Mr. Yerkes conducted
a furniture store at Vinton; but at the end of that
time they decided to return to California, this being,
in their opinion, the only place in which to really
live. In 1905, they came to Santa Clara, and Mr.
Yerkes leased the old lumber >'ard and went into
business. By close application to the needs of his
patrons, anticipating their wants and leaving no stone
unturned to please and satisfy them, Mr. Yerkes

596

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

has built up a good, paying trade, and for the pur-
poses of a prompt dehvery he maintains three
wagons, and a t^vo-ton Moreland truck.

Mr. and Mrs. Yerkes own a handsome residence,
the old property of the banker, Mr. Birge. one of the
finest homes in the town, and two children, — Mar-
garet C. and John Stephen Yerkes — share its com-
forts and pleasures. The family attend the Bap-
tist Church, and Mr, Yerkes is a deacon in that
congregation. In matters of national political im-
port, he favors the Republican party platform. He
is a Mason, an Odd Fellow and a Modern Wood-
man, and is affiliated with the Santa Clara lodges.

JOSEPH WALTER DUDLEY BLABON — A

man who by his own efforts has risen to a prominent
place among the agriculturists and horticulturists in
the Santa Clara Valley is Joseph Walter Dudley Bla-
bon, a native son of the county, born on the old Bla-
bon ranch on the Mountain View Road, June 12,
1865. He is the son of Walter L. and Anna 1'.
(White) Blabon, natives of Chestervillc, Maine, and
Boston, Mass., respectively. His grandfather. Dr.
Citis Blabon, was also a native of Maine and was a
seafaring man, as well as a physician. He had sailed
all over the world, studied navigation and in time be-
came a captain.- Deciding to come to California, he
and his son Francis secured passage in a four-mast
schooner named Sacramento, bound for San bran-
cisco. On the way the captain and second mate died
and when they put in to Acapulco the first mate was
very ill and it was thought wise to leave him. Thus
it became necessary that Otis Blabon take command
as captain as he was the only man aboard that under-
stood navigation, and he brought the schooner safely
into port where he turned it over to the company-
agent in San Francisco, Dr. Blabon then came to
Santa Clara County purchasing land on the Stevens
Creek lioad where he resided on the farm and prac-
ticed medicine until 1863. He then returned to
Maine remainin,g there until 1875, when he came back
to Santa Clara County and located near Sarato.ga.
One of the sons, George Blabon, was the founder
of the (icorge Blabon Company of Philadelphia, to-
day the largest manufacturers of oil cloth in the
world. W^alter L. Blabon came to California \-ia
Panama in 186(1. arriving in San Francisco on De-
cember 8. He farmed in the Cupertino district for
four years. In 1864 he purchased the old homestead
which consisted of l.iO acres where he enga.ged in
farming and reared a family of four children.

J. D. Blabon, as our subject is familiarly known,
has been a close student of orcharding and is a pio-
neer in the fruit industry. B\' his well directed efforts
and close application he has become one of the lar.g-
est prune growers in Santa Clara County. His land
holdings over the state are extensive, his favorite
possession being Madrone Mineral Springs, a bunt-
ing lodge beautifully located in the center of 400 acres
of the Mount Hamilton range. Mr. Blabon first
became interested in these springs, when after a
stay of five weeks the drinking of the water entirely
cured him of a serious stomach (rouble that different
phvsicians had been unable to conquer, and on finding
that the property was for sale, he purchased it. The
nn'dicinal property of the water has great curative
power, so pronounced by the leading physicians of
the state.

In San Francisco March 8, 1894, J, D. Blabon was
united in marriage with Miss Abbie L. Martin, a
native daughter, and their union has been blessed
with three children: Walter Vance, Kingdon B, and
F,lodie. The name of Blabon will always stand out
prominently in California and Santa Clara Valley, for
the first members of the family in this state were
forerunners of its development and aided materially
in bringing about its present prosperity. The younger
generation are following in the footsteps of their sires
and are found in the vanguard where progress is
the watchword, and of these J. D. Blabon is recog-
nized as one of the leaders. His entire life has been
actuated by high principles and honorable actions
and his efforts in behalf of the progress of his com-
munity have been far reaching. As a horticulturist
he is among the most successful in the valley. He
is a man of great energy and has accomplished much
in the development of the great natural resources of
this famous valley.

HUBERT O. F. MENTON.— Prominent among
the most progressive dentists of Northern California,
and interesting as the worthy representative of one
of the oldest and finest families in Santa Clara
County, must be rated Dr. Hubert O. F. Menton of
Santa Clara. He was born in San Luis Obispo
County, the son of the late Hugh D. Menton, a pio-
neer of Santa Clara, who came to San Francisco in '
the latter part of 1849, and the next year moved to
Santa Clara. He was born in Manchester, England,
the son of Hugh and Hannah Menton, natives of
Birr, Kings County, Ireland, who married in Ire-
land, then traveled for a year or two, and finally
went to Australia. Then they returned to England.
Grandfather Menton settled at Santa Clara in the
spring of 1850, and he became a large landowner
north of Santa Clara.

Hugh D. Menton grew up to manhood in the Santa
Clara Valley, and he was one of the first pupils of
the Santa Clara College. In Santa Clara he was
married to Afiss Annie T. Murphy, who was born at
Burlington, Iowa, and came here a young lady,
about 1870. He later moved to San Luis Obispo,
and while there in the early '70s, Hubert was born.
.Mr. Menton went heavily into the cattle business in
San Luis Obispo County, but the great drought of
1877 was so disastrous to him that he lost heavily;
and having returned to Santa Clara County, he ran
the .\luni Rock Ranch, which still bears the name he
gave it. These ups and downs of the pioneer who
so generously contributed in every way to advance
the permanent and better development of the new
countr)- with which he had cast his lot assume a
new attraction for the reader when he understands
that our subject's ancestors came originally from
France and fought under William the Conqueror.
Dr. Menton inirsued a classical course at Santa Clara
College, and graduated with the class of '92; and
having matriculated in the College of Dentistry in
San Francisco in the fall of 1895, he was graduated
from the University of California three years later,
and before he was twenty-one years of age, with the
degree of D. D. S. He then opened an office in his
home town, where he has ever since had a live prac-
tice. Both professionally and socially he is ever
alert to exert the best and most lasting influence for
the upbuilding of the city and its environs.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

597

BURT STEVENS. — A well-known tuul sncccssful
agriculturalist of Santa Clara County is Hurt Ste-
vens, a highly-esteemed resident of the Coyote dis-
trict, where he was born on the ranch he now owns,
on August 12, 1872, the son of Orvis Stevens, a native
of Chittenden County, \'t. At the age of twenty-
one, in 1852, his father came to California via Pan-
ama, and went to the mines at St. Joe's Bar, Yuba
River, near Downieville, where he remained for one
year, and also mined in Sierra County. He then re-
moved to Nevada County and conducted a dairy for
one year, and came back to California and engaged
in stockraising in Solano County. Within the next
year he made a trip East, remaining three months,
and on his return to California he settled in Chip-
sey's Flat, Sierra County, where he carried on a
butcher business for se\'eral years. In 1868 he settled
in Santa Clara County and engaged in farming until
1875, when he rented the "Twelve-mile House,"
where he conducted a store, a blacksmith shop, a
hotel and the postoflice; he was also a school trus-
tee of the Encinal school district, of which he was
one of the organizers. He married Louisa Leonard
and thc\- were the parents of ten children, seven liv-
ing, of whom our subject is the third oldest. Orvis
Stevens, who was a iMason. passed away in 1917, and
Mrs. Stevens in 1920.

Burt Stevens attended the Encmal grammar school
and finished in 1887; then attended the Garden City
Business College for two years and in the meantime
helped his father on the ranch; then went gold-seek-
ing to Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and did not return
until 1905. His marriage occurred in Santa Clara
County in 1907, and united him with Miss Addie
Berry, a daughter of Charles E. Berry, a pioneer of
California, who is now deceased. They are the par-
ents of two daughters, Ruth E. and Edith L. Mr. Ste-
vens purchased the original home place, a ranch con-
sisting of 108;-2 acres and in partnership with his
brother, James, is cultivating and developing it. The
place had been set to orchard about 1880, being among
the very first in the district. Mr. Stevens has served
his locality as school trustee of the Encinal district,
and since 1898 he has been a member of Observa-
tory Lodge, I. O. O. P., in San Jose.

JOHN B. KERWIN. — Among the prominent pro-
fessional men of Santa Clara County is John B.
Kerwin. attorney at law, now with the Joseph
Rucker Company as head of their legal department.
He was born in Santa Clara County, Cal., on Ma>-
22. 1865, a son of Thomas and Catherine (Mc-
Gauren) Kerwin, and comes of a good old pioneer
family; his father, Thomas Kerwin, who landed m
Boston, 1849, having come to this country in 1854
after the gold rush. Thomas Kerwin was born in
Galway County, Ireland, and his parents were
Michael and Mary (Coulin.) Kerwin; the mother
having died when he was about nine }-ears old and
his father being a commercial agent, he was left
almost entirely on his own resources. At the age of
thirteen he went to Liverpool, England, and in that
city began to work as a messenger in the harbor
police inspector's office, he then obtained employ-
ment as collector for teamsters and draymen and
engaged in this work for some time, when he de-
cided to come to the United States. In 1849 he put
this plan into action and landing at Boston, he went
to the country and spent ten months near Cam-
bridge in gardening, then returning to Boston en-

gaged in various occupations until he became em-
ployed h\ Russell and Company as a salesman in
their lurniture establishment; here he remained until
the year 1854 when he came to California and set-
lied in Santa Clara County where he worked at
orchard cultivation on the Could place in Santa
Clara County for about two years. He ac<|uired a
large amount of land, owning at one time 600 acres,
,i2l) of which he himself cleared and cultivated. His
success was due to his indomitable will and steady
pcrse\'erance. His marriage united him with Miss
Catherine McGauren and the\' became the parents
of si.x children: Mary Ann, Catherine P., James
Patrick, John H., Louis and Ignatius. The father
is still li\'ing and resides in San I'^raiiciscc).

John B. received his education in the public
schools of Santa Clara and later took a collegiate
course in Santa Clara College and read law while
in the deputy county clerk's office, where he a'so
was clerk of Judge Reynolds' court, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1895, he then practiced alone
ill San Jose and San Francisco. For four years he
worked on ranches and still owns the ranches. He
then joined the Rucker Company on June 17, 1918,
and is in charge of the legal department.

Mr. Kerwin's marriage united him with Miss Lucy
L. Reynolds of San Francisco, and they are the
parents of Lucy M., Leonie T., Thomas Theodore,
Martha M. and Roland N. Mr. Kerwin is very
active in the Chamber of Commerce and the San
Jose Realty Board, and being deeply interested in
the upbuilding of Santa Clara County is also a inem-
ber of the Cupertino Improvement Club, the Farm
Owners' and Operators' Association, now the Fed-
erated Farmers of California, the California Prune
and Apricot Growers, Inc., and the California Bar
Association. In national politics he is a Democrat.

GEORGE GRIMM.— Since coming to California
111 1886, George Grimm is now among the success-
ful orchardists of the Santa Clara Valley. He is a
native of Germany, born in Wilhelmsdorf, March
4, 1861, a son of Ludwig and Elizabeth (Young)
Grimm; both parents were natives of Germany and
were prosperous farmer folks, and they lived and
died in Wilhelmsdorf.

George Grimm was educated in the schools of his
native land and came to the LInited States when he
was twenty-six years old. Locating in San Fran-
cisco he followed his trade of carpenter, which he
had learned before leaving Germany, about fifteen
years. I^pon coming to the Santa Clara \'alley in
1902 he went to work as a carpenter for the West-
ern Distilling Company and was sent to Agiiew
where he worked for ten years at his trade; at the
end of this time he removed to the Cupertino district
and purchased thirty acres, which had been set to
orchard, but upon which Mr. Grimm made a number
of improvements in the way of buildings, etc. The
success that has come to him has been earned by
hard work and careful planning. liesides the thirty
acres, Mr. and Mrs. Grimm bought and deeded to
their four children twent,\'-four acres, and Mrs.
Grimm owns twenty-six acres of orchard and her
interest in the home place is seventeen acres.

Mr. Grimm's marriage on December 4, 1886.
united him with Miss Mary Beckert, also born in
Germany, and they are the parents of four children:
Otilia (Mrs, R, Berry); Alvina (Mrs. Elmer Maas);
George and Elsie. In his political affiliations he is a
steadfast adherent to the principles of the Republican

598

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

party. Since Mr. Grimm has been in this counly he
has watched the development of the fruit industry
with interest and seeing the future of it, invested in
his orcliard and devotes his time to his improvements
and at tlie same time to aiding all worthy move-
ments for the good of the town, county and state.
He is a member of the California Prune and Apricot
Growers, Inc. Mr. Grimm is esteemed for his per-
sonal integrit\-, the industry and faithfulness of his
life, and bis loyalty to his adopted country.

LUTHER CUNNINGHAM.— Having continuously
resided in Santa Clara County for forty years, Luther
Cunningham is counted among the most important
horticulturists of Saratoga district. He was l.iorn in
Solano County, Cab, December 25, 1869, the son of
Joseph and Mary Jane (Gooding) Cunningham, the
father a native of middle Tennessee and the fifth gen-
eration of the Cunningham family in the United
States, while the mother was born in Randolph Coun-
ty, Mo. The ancestors came from Scotland and some
fought in the Revolution, others in the War of 1M12
and some in the Indian wars. In 1843 Mr. Cunning-
ham bought a farm in Randolph County where be
lived for tweiit>- years during his residence in Mis-
souri. In the fall of 184(i he married Miss Mary J.
Gooding, a daughter of Judge Joseph Gooding, a
\'irginian who became an early settler of Missouri and
vas one of the early judges of Randolph County.
While farming in ^Missouri, Joseph Cunningham be-
came interested m the gold excitement in California
and leaving his famil\" in Missouri, for the time being,
he ecjuipiK-d with, ox-teams and wagons crossing Ihe
plains in 184'', following mining for three years with
varied success, when he returned to his Missouri
farm. In 1863, he sold bis farm and again crossed
the plains, this time bringing his i:imil\'. He was
capt.ain of the train and having bad the experience
of the trip in 1849 was well qualified for the place.
The family first settled in Solano County and raised
giaiu and stock until 1X81, when he sold his place
and removed to Santa Clara County and purchased a
farm adjoining Saratoga where they resided until
lie died. He was one among the first to engage in
fruit raising in this vicinity. He operated a small
nursery and there grew the trees for his own and
other orchards. He and his wife were active in the

Cumberland Presbyterian Church all their lives.

Luther Cunningham is the youngest of a family of
six boys and three girls and was primarily educated
in the public schools of Saratoga, after which he took
the four years' Chautauqua Scientific and Literar},'
Course. Being the youngest of the family, he re-
mained with his father on the old farm assisting him
in ever)- way. In the spring of 1889 he invented the
Cunningham prune dipper, a machine for dipping
prunes and opened a shop for its manufacture in
San Jose, k'rom the very beginning the business grew
and he took in as partner Mr. Barngrover, under the
name of Cunningham & Barngrover and the\' lie-
came the manufacturers of nearly every machine used
in the dried fruit business, Mr. Cunningham inventing
these labor-saving devices. The business grew to
such proportions and because of severe strain and
close application to business, Mr. Cunningham's
health failed, so he sold his interest in 1901 to Mr.
Barngrover: a year later it became the Anderson-

Barngrover Company, now employing hundreds of
men in the manufacture of fruit machinery. An in-
teresting incident occurred about eight or nine years
ago, when one of the early pioneer fruit dippers made
by Mr. Cunningham and used by Pyle Brothers
as a dipper for peaches, was exhibited, in the Los
Angeles branch of U. S. Circuit Court as evidence in
the case of Duntley vs. California Canneries for in-
fringement and won for the defendants. The fact is
that the canneries all over the world, where the lye
peeling process is in use, are using a machine involv-
ing the principles of the old Cunningham dipper.
Nearly all the machinery used at the present time in
the dried fruit and packing business are the inventions
of Mr. Cunningham, such as the grader, with complete
processor including elevators, as well as a number of
machines used in handling green fruit. Another of
his inventions now manufactured and in general use
is the Cunningham pulverizer and land roller.

In 1901 Mr. Cunningham removed to his ranch at
Alorgan Hill and for seventeen years was prominently
known in the south end of the county as a buyer and
shiiiper of fruit. He continued to reside there until
1920 when he purchased his father's old homestead
at Saratoga, wdiere he now resides with his family.
]\Ir. Cunningham's marriage in San Jose in 1897
united him with Mrs. Eleanor Tomkiii Rootes who
was born in Santa Clara, a daughter of Dr. Alfred
Ro\xe and Martha Frances (Forbes) Tomkin, born
in England and California respectivel)'. Dr. Toiukin,
who bad studied medicine under his father. Dr. Thos.
M. Tomkin, in England, came around Cape Horn in
a sailing \-essel to California in 1849, became inter-
ested in mining at Mud Springs and then in 1854 he
came to Santa Clara and opened the first drug store;
here he married Miss Forbes, a daughter of that
prominent old fiioneer, James Alexander l^orbes, a
man of letters, who wrote the first history of Califor-
nia, and is represented on another page of this work.
Later Dr. Tomkin was interested in the drug business
in San Jose; he was coroner and public administrator
of Santa Clara County for eight years and held the
olRce until his death. By a former marriage, Mrs.
Cunningham had two sons, Thomas P. and Edward L.
Edward L. enlisted with the Canadian army before the
L'nited Sta.tes entered the war, with the First Cana-
dian Pioneer Battalion and served from March to
Xovember of 1916; from November, 1916, to June,
1917, he was in the Sixty-seventh Canadian Scottish
and One Hundred Second Canadian Infantry. He was
wounded in France about June 1, 1917, and removed
to England where he was in the hospital until August
4, 1917. From Au.gust 4, 1917, to the end of 1918
he was at the Canadian Paymaster's office as staff
sergeant. He was engaged in all the battles of
the Somme, Vimy Ridge, and Lenz, and is now
in London. Thomas P. enlisted in the U. S. Army,
but remained on home soil. He now holds an
important position with the Shell Oil Company at
Long Beach, Cab Mr. and Mrs. Cunningham's union
has been blessed with one child, Lutheria Frances,
b'or twelve years Mr. Cunningham was a member
of the Democratic County Central Committee. Mr.
and Mrs. Cunningham are active in civic circles and
both take a keen interest in the growth and develop-
ment of this .great commonwealth where their an-
cestors were pioneers.

HISTORY OF SANTA CL.ARA COUNTY

599

M. M. SOUZA. — Actively idcntiru'il lor many years
with the dairy interests of Santa Clara is ^[. M. Sou/.a.
a wealthy capitalist, who started out in the world
empty-handed, and his present prosperity has heen
won through his initiative spirit, his re.idy recogni-
tion and utilization of oiiportunit>' and his s|)lnedid
administrative and executix e ability. He was born on
the Island of St. George, in the Azores group. No-
vember 14, 1854, and there his parents, Tony and
Maria Souza. spent their entire h\es. The father
followed the occupation of farniing and iKissed away
at the advanced age of ninety, while the mother was
also ninety years of age at the time of her demise.
In their family were six children; Tony, who became
second mate on a \essel plying between Boston,
ilass.. and England, in which country his death
occurred; M. M.. of this review; Jasper, who still
resides in the Azores, where he is cultivating a farm;
loaquin J., a rancher living near Sunnyvale; Marion,
who is the widow of A. I'otosi and makes her home
in Santa Clara; and John, who owns a ranch near
Mountain ^'iew•.

The boyhood of i\I. M. Souza was a period of
earnest and unremitting toil and he had no educa-
tional opportunities, but in the school of experience
he has learned many valuable lessons. When twenty
years of age he came to the United States, landing
at Boston. iMass.. whence he proceeded to Newport.
R. I., wdiere he worked for three or four months.
In the fall of 1876 he set out for California, and
after reaching San Francisco he made bis way to
San Rafael. Marin County, where he obtained work
as milker on a dairy farm. With his earnings he
was later able to rent a dairy farm of lUU acres near
San Rafael which he conducted for several years.
afterward going to Larkspur where he also rented
a 100 acre farm on which he engaged m dairj'ing.
His next removal took him to Stanislaus County and
in the vicinity of Newman he purchased a farm of
seventy acres, on which for many years he operated
a dairy, being still the owner of that property. In
October. 19U3, he purchased his present home farm
of fifty acres, on wdiich he erected a beautiful resi-
dence, and the property is now within the corporate
limits of Santa Clara and is very valuable. He has
added many improvements thereto and for several
years conducted a dairy, but has recently sold his
cows and is now leasing the property to two young
men. while two of his sons are operating the ranch
near Newman. His business affairs have been most
capably managed and the years have chronicled
his growing success.

While residing in San Rafael. Mr. Souza was mar-
ried at San Francisco to Miss Maria Borba and they
have become the parents of six children: Manuel
M.. Jr.. who is operating his father's farm near
Newman, is a veteran of the World War. serving
for four months on the French front with a machine
gun battalion; Jasper is a dairyman and resides at
San Jose; Tony is assisting his brother in mana.ging
the dairy near Newman; John is teller in the Santa
Clara branch of the Bank of Italy, of which his
father is a stockholder; Maria and George are at
home. A stanch Republican in his political views
Mr. Souza is a faithful member of the Santa Clara
Cathohc Church. He also belongs to the Knights
of Columbus, the U. P. E. C. and the I. D. E. S.
For forty-five years he has resided within the borders

of Californi:i and is widely and favorably known in
this section of the state. His is a most creditable
record, and he deserves classihcali(jn with the sell-
made men and substantial citizens of Santa Clara.

DR. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN HEADEN.— Pre-
eminent among the distinguished citizens of Santa
Clara County who In- their public-spiritedness. their
education and culture, their foresight and experience,
and their wealth and willin.gness to place some of it
at the dispos.al of or for the benefit of their fellow-
men, have done most to develop the resources of
the state, lay broad and deep the foundations of a
great commonwealth, .and open up new paths for the
health, comfort, prosperity and hapi)iness of those
coming after, was assuredly the late Dr. Benjamin
Franklin Fleaden. k'liown to his intimates as a con-
scientious Christian gentleman, and to the public
at large as the owner of one of the princely estates
at Santa Clara, and as a very enterprising, scientific
experimenter -whose one ambition was to accom-
plish something whereby lie could add to the con-
tent of life and the purjiose in living. .\ native of
the Old Dominion, be inherited that which elevated
him to something above the average run of men.
He -was born on No\'ember 24, 1813. the son of
Joseph and Mary Ileaden. who moved to Kentucky
when he w;is a lad. He jKissed his A'outh in Hcaden-
\-illc, Shelby County, a pretty village named in honor
of his father, a man who was looked up to by everj'-
one on account of bis exemplary walk in life and
his unswerving inte.grity and lofty idials. He was a
regular attendant at Headen Chapel, which was
built by his father, and served that community as
the oni.' place in which to worship. The village bad
the usual attractions of a small communit)' in com-
fortable Kentucky; but the ambition of the young
man led him to look beyond into the outer and
lar,L;er world, and to resoh'c to take his place in the
upper councils of men where be could be of the
greatest service.

He resolved, therefore, to educate himself for the
medical profession, and took a course in the Worth-
ington Medical Colle.ge in Ohio, from which he w-as
dul}' graduated with high honors in May, 1837. Then
he removed to Indiana, furnished an office and hung
out bis shingle, and immediately commenced to prac-
tice. Having established a comfortable home, he
continued as a practitioner until 1852. when be re-
sponded to the lure of California, then on every-
one's lips as the land of gold, and set out with his
fan-iil}- across the plans.

The party arrived in the Santa Clara Valley in
October, and soon after he bought sixty-one acres
just beyond the tow-n-limits of Santa Clara; and there
he erected an attractive, comfortable residence for
his famil_v and otherwise began to improve the prop-
erty. He experienced no end of difficulties at the
outset, however, for building materials were scarce
and hard to procure, and what made matters worse,
the rains interfered both with hauling and construc-
tion. But perseverance enabled him and his famih-
at last to enjoy the shelter the>' had longed for. and
then Dr. Headen. w-ith characteristic luish and the
far-sightedness of one who discerned what Santa
Clara County some day would be. devoted his at-
tention and energies to clearing off the land and pre-
paring it for immediate cultivation. It had been in
a wild state of nature, prior to his coming there.

fiOO

H [STORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

the soil unbroken and the rank mustard so high that
when hunting for his strayed cattle. Dr. Headen had
to stand on the back of one ox to enable him to
find the others.

But, notwithstanding all the impediments, the im-
provements progressed, and flower seeds, many of
them carried across the great plains in the Doctor's
pockets, were planted, young trees were brought from
the mountains in little sacks of earth and set out.
and soon under the deft hand and exquisite, -well-
balanced taste lor which our subject was noted, "the
wilderness began to blossom as the rose." Far ahead
of many even who had pitched their tent in that
neighborhood prior to Dr. Headcn's coming, he ra|i-
idly brought the land under cultivation, simple at first
and then higher and more complex, planting his acre-
age first to cereals, then in rather an extensive way to
strawberries and other small fruits, and finally lay-
ing out both an orchard and a vineyard of such choice
varieties of fruits that his ranch became, without his
particularly planning it, the show place of the country
thereabouts. It was Dr. Headen who first gre\\-
vegetable and flower seeds at Santa Clara on a com-
mercial scale, and thereby opened the way to a busi-
ness which has always prospered in that section, prob-
ably owing to the excellent soil and climatic condi-
tions, and which has made wealthy men of many
coming after him, and millionaires of some. It is
sad to contemplate, therefore, that all of Dr. Headcn's
family are now deceased save one daughter, Thomas-
ine, the wife of L. H. Albertson, wdio resides with
her husband on the old place. The sequoias, now
very large, are among the most imposing, if silent
testimonials to the master mind and godly heart
once so eloquently active here. Thousands pass by
the [)lace daily or. their way to and from San Fran-
cisco who enjoy the benefits of Dr. Headcn's work,
which thus still lives on in the lives of others, a
delightful expression of scenic beauty, as it is still
one of the most stately country homes in or near
Santa Clara.

In March. 1853. Dr. Headen was chosen one of
the trustees of the young and struggling Univer-
sity of the I-'acific, and with his soul full of ideals,
the institution, for which he felt that there was
great need, soon became the idol of his heart. For
twenty years he served as trustee and in that re-
sponsible capacity, he devoted much valuable time
and hard labor to assist it to get well established.
develovJ and grow. He was for years secretary of
the board, and when the main college building was
being erected, he was (he treasurer. From his ad-
vent here. Dr. Headen was a faithful and consistent
member of the ^Methodist Episcopal Church, and
in that body also he served as trustee and steward.
When, therefore, he laid aside the cares of this life
which he had done so much to make easier for others
and to ennoble, on .August 28, 187,S, his remains were
buried according to the ceremonial of the Masonic
Order, of which he was a member, and followed to
the grave by a lar,ge procession of devoteil. admir-
ing and mourning friends.

For some years following the Doctor's demise, Mrs.
Headen. who was in maidenhood Henrietta Harvey, a
native of Cornwall, England, occupied the splcnflid
homestead, one of the most beautiful in the Val-
ley, and with rare business acumen and understand-
ing for a woman, successfully managed the vineyard

and orchard, which under her clever supervision
yielded a fine income, to say nothing of the first
prizes taken for products. Now that she, too, has
passed to the great Beyond, Mr. and Mrs. Albert-
son endeavor to take their place and have built an
up-to-date country house which serves to inaintain
the status of the place in its paliny days. Dr.
Headcn's pioneer work in the upbuilding of the coun-
ty, both in agriculture and horticulture as well as
his stand for righteousness and high morals, will never
be forgotten and his. memory will always be revered
by thousands who appreciate his devotion and self-
sacrifice in having opened up new paths where others
feared or failed to tread.

RICHARD McCarthy.— The present comp-
troller of the California Prune and Apricot Growers,
Inc., who resides with his family on the Oakland
Road in the suburbs of San Jose, is Richard Mc-
Carthy. A native of New York State, he was born
August 16, 1872, in New "\'ork City, the son of
Cornelius and Mary Elizabeth (Malone) McCarthy.
The father was born and reared in County Kerry,
Ireland, while the mother was a native of County
Mayo, Ireland. Cornelius McCai;thy came to .Amer-
ica and California in 1874 and settled in San Jose,
when there were only two hotels in the place. He
was engaged as warehouse foreman for the Southern
Pacific and for many years had char.ge of the ware-
house in San Jose.

I^ichard attended school in San Jose, later taking
,a course at the San Jose Business College. After
finishing his business course, he was employed by
the Standard Oil Compain' and in time became the
special agent for the San Jose division. At the time
he had charge of the work, it was a one-man job
and Mr. McCarthy has witnessed its wonderful
gro^\"th in San Jose. I'or ten years he was with
this company and left to take a position as assistant
cashier of the Safe Deposit Bank and worked in this
capacity for eleven and a half years. On account of
failing health, he gave up banking business and
went to ranching. He purchased a five-acre place
on the Milpitas Road and built a splendid house.
In 1912. besides running his own ranch, he had
charge of the 13l)-acre ranch belonging to his wife
on the Alviso Road. After five years of outdoor life
he felt sufficiently recuperated to accept the position
of chief accountant with the Prune and Apricot
(growers, Inc., in 1917, and was later advanced to
his present position as comptroller.

The marriage ,of Mr. McCarthy occurred in San
Jose on June 16. 1896, and united him with Miss
Mary Elizabeth Bellew, a daughter of Michael and
Elizabeth E. (Kinney) Bellew. Michael Bellew was
a native of Ireland, and came to California in 1872
via the Panama route. He settled in Milpitas and
in time acquired about 80() acres of land, which was
devoted to the raising of grain and fruit, and he also
ke])t quite an extensive dairy. There were five chil-
dren in the Bellew famih', Mrs. McCarthy being the
third. Mr. and Mrs. McCarthy are the parents of
three children: Oertrude E., a graduate of the con-
vent of Notre Dame; Aloy C, a graduate of the
San Jose High School and of the University of Santa
Clara, and Richard I., a graduate of the law depart-
ment of the llniversity of Santa Clara. Politically
Mr. McCarthy is a stanch Republican, and fratern-
ally he is a member of the Knights of Columbus and
served five vears as financial secretary- of the San

i^^^^^ ,^^>/^^^

H [STORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

603

lose lodge. Vov thi'ec years he was the treasiirer
of the State Noinial Sehool at San Jose. lie is a
firm believer in the eontinued prosperity aiul K'l'owth
of Santa Clara County and is ready at all limes to
lend a helping hand to measures that tend to the ad-
vancement of the state and eoun(>".

CHARLES W. CHRISTIAN.— More than one
pioneer famiK' with the most interesting historj' are
represented in the life stor>- of Charles W. Christian,
the wide-awake manager of the John Christian Manu-
facturing Company, at 1194 Lick Avenue, San Jose.
He was born on August 8, 1869, on the corner of
First and William streets, San Jose, on the very spot
where the John Christian shop stood for so many
years. His father, John Christian, a native of the
Isle of Man. was born in 1840 and crossed the ocean
alone at the age of fourteen, coming via the Isthmus
of Panama to San Francisco. He made his way to
Stockton and worked lor his uncle, Charles Chris-
tian, a blacksmith. ,V year later, in 1855, he came to
San Jose and served his appenticeship with Bonner
& McKenzie. pioneer machinists and blacksmiths.
After completing" his apprenticeship he worked at
his trade; also working in the New Almaden quick-
silver mines in Santa Clara County for six months;
he then returned to San Jose, about 1861. and started
in business for himself at the corner of F'irst and
William streets, building a shop on his own prop-
erty'. He began making steel teeth for threshers and
was the first man ever known to make steel-laid
teeth, and as California was then a great wheat
country, his business grew rapidly. He was married
in San Jose to iliss Sarah Pierce, wdio was born in
Illinois and came with her parents across the plains
with ox teams in 1851. The maternal grandfather.
Col. Ceorge Pierce, -ivas a pioneer farmer. He had
served in the Black Hawk Indian war as colonel,
and first came to California in 1848, crossing the
plains; later he returned East for his family, bring-
ing them out to California in 1851. He was a black-
smith, ow-ning and operating a shop in Stockton, and
in 1848 he traded a block of land in the heart of
Stockton for a team and plow to start farming. In
those days he received as high as $80 for shoeing an
o.x on all four feet. He was an early settler in San
Jose and bought a farm in The Willows. An active
member of the Episcopal Church and a teacher in
the Sunday School, he passed away in San Jose.

John Christian and his wife were married in 1864
in an old stone house at Fifth and St. John streets,
San Jose, that is still standing. She was a member
of the Baptist Church and passed away April 27,
1906, her husband surviving until June 1, 19U9. They
were the parents of nine children: Mrs. Laura
Alarchant, who resides in Oakland; Mrs. Dora
Xagle of San Jose; Charles W., the subject of this
sketch; Ada, Mrs. Maynard, passed away in San
Francisco about eight years ago; Mrs. Sarah L.
Martin of San Jose; George Lewis died at the age of
eighteen years; Clarence Richard passed away when
twenty-eight; Mrs. Alice Verser resides in San Jose,
and Mrs. Mable Coleman in Oakland. All the chil-
dren living are interested in the John Christian Man-
ufacturing Company, so it is a "family afTair."

Charles W. went to the public schools in San Jose
and at the age of fourteen, in 1883, joined his father
in the shop where he continued to work for thirty-
four years, learning the blacksmith and machinist
trade from the bottom up under his father. The first
year after he started, they made 35,000 steel-laid teeth

and since then have made 450,000 in a season. To
acciiniplish this it was necessary to invent machinery
for their speedy manufacture. The steel-laid teeth are
,ill lorged under a triphammer, which they invented
and built, and they have .a capacity of 3,000 a day,
all hand-made. In l')20 the factory, 60x80 feet, was
built at 1194 Lick Avenue, \vith cement floor, electric
power, lor the manufacture of steel-laid teeth for
harvesters. On January 2, 1906, the business was
incorporated under the name of the John Christian
Manufacturing Company, the father being president,
and since his death Charles W. has taken his place
as president and manager. The shop employs ten
men, who make steel-laid teeth for harvesters, turn-
ing out all the teeth required by the Holt Tractor
Company, the Ventura Manufacturing Company, and
a dozen other firms. The selection of the steel, its
hardening and final tempering is a thing Mr. Chris-
tian has acquired from years of experience, so that
the steel-laid teeth made by this concern are more
ser\icealde than any other in the market; people
who know claiming that the}- \vear 300 per cent
longer. Such has been Mr. Christian's success here
that he is n.aturally \-ei-y much interested m the dc-
\-elopment and the future of both San Jose and Santa
Clara County, and in the Chamber of Commerce.

In 1890, at San Jose, Mr. Christian was married
to Miss Annie Leddy, born in San Jose, the daughter
of Daniel Leddy, another esteemed pioneer; and their
union has been blessed with six children, all of wdiom
have reflected the highest credit upon the family
name. Hazel is Mrs. C. McGraw of San Jose; Elmer
served in the United States Army in the World War,
and is now with his father as his right-hand man;
Cecil has become JMrs. Orin Bryant, also of San
Jose; and the others are Gertrude, Leslie and Elva.
Mr. Christian is a member of the Woodmen of the
World, and those who know his genial nature need
not be told that there are few, if any, more popular.

JAMES T. BABB.— A member of the Babb fam-
ily, well-known among the early settlers of Santa
Clara County, James T. Babb, has spent all his life
in this vicinity, where he is one of its highly es-
teemed residents. He was born on June 9, 1872, at
the ranch home of the family in Babb Canyon, near
Gilro}-, the only son of Thomas and Annie (Babb)
Babb. He was deprived of a father's love and care,
Thomas Babb having been drowned in December,
1871, in the rusiiing waters of Pacheco Creek, si.x
months before our subject's birth. Mrs. Babb lived
to be sixty-two, passing away in 1918, wdiile residing
at Redwood City. The Babb family were early set-
ilers of Eastern Tennessee, having come to America
from luigland in the eighteenth century, members
of the family having come to California as early as
1857, when James Babb, father of Silas Babb and
uncle of our subject, landed here.

James T. Babb attended the public school at Gil-
roy and wdien only fourteen years old entered the
emplo\' of Eustice Brothers, blacksmiths there, to
learn the trade, and he was with that firm for sixteen
years. Early in 1908 Mr. Babb established the Gil-
roy Agricultural Works, with Mr. Scofield of Gilroy
as his partner, and after eight years he disposed of
his interest to take a position with the Southern
Pacific in the car department at Gilroy. Two years
later he went to Morgan Hill and became the rnan-
ager of the Telfers Blacksmith Shop, doing all kinds
of iron and wood work. Thoroughly efficient and

604

HIvSTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

practical, Mr. Babb has built up a splendid business
thcM-e, conducting it in a most systematic way and
employing five men to assist him.

Mr. Babb's marriage united him with Miss Bertha
Dexter and they have a son, Harold James Babb,
connected with the ticket sales department of the
Southern Pacific at Ashland, Ore. A Republican in
politics, Mr. Babb affiliates in fraternal circles with
the Eagles, being a member of the order at HoUis-
ter. For eleven years he was chief of the Gilroy
Fire Department, and although his business keeps
him at Morgan Hill, he still maintains his home at
Gilroy, spending his week ends there, where he has
a host of friends.

J. SAMUEL STAUB, M. D.— During the years
that Dr. J. Samuel Staub has pursued the practice of
medicine in San Jose, he has been known not only
for his skill and assiduity as a physician and sur-
geon, but also for his genial manners, literary taste
and talent, making him a popular member of San
Jose's social and fraternal circles. He has gained
eminence as a family phj'sician and has always
sought to merit reco.gnition by his knowledge and
skill, as a true physician in the highest sense, rather
than to gain prominence by methods through wdiich
less meritorious practitioners find a short cut to
fame and fortune. Coming of a family of medical
men well known in their native city of Berlin, <jer-
many. Dr. Staub was born there on May 2i, 1885,
the son of ilorris and Etta (Goldberg) Staub. His
father, who was an able practitioner of Berlin, came
to America when Samuel was only one year old, and
having brought with him considerable means, he
retired from professional work and settled in Phil-
adelphia, wdiere he lived a comfortable life. ilrs.
Staub passed away when Samuel was a boy of only
si.x years; he has one brother and two half-brothers,
but is the only one in the West. His grandfather.
Dr. Staub, was a noted German physician ;ind was
very well-to-do; he continued actively in his pro-
fession until he was seventy-five, passing away at
the vStaub home in Philadelphia.

J. Samuel Staub was reared in Philadelpliia and
attended the public schools there, finishin.g the first
j-ear of high school. He was then seventeen years
old, and all alone, he came out West, locatin.g at
San Jose, CaL, wdiere he attended the Washburn
school, later entering the CoUc.ge of the Pacific,
where he w-as graduated in 1911 with the B. S. de-
gree, being honored with the presidency of tlie
Rhizomia Literary Society wdiile there. Having
chosen medicine as his future profession, that saine
fall he matriculated in the medical department of the
University of Pennsylvania, and takin.g the regular
four years' course, graduated with high honors in
1915 with the degree of M. D.; during his colle.ge
course he was a popular memljer of the Ome.ga Up-
silon Phi fraternity. Having been tendered the post
of resident physician at the Southern i*'acific Hos-
pital at San Francisco, he accepted and came hither,
remaining there until the fall of 1916, wdien he came
to San Jose and opened offices in the Garden City
Bank Building and later in the Twohy Building.
When the World War broke out, he enlisted in the
Medical Corps of the U. S. Navy and was stationed
at Mare Fsland, wdiere his skill as a surgeon enabled
him to make a valuable contribution to the hos-
pital work there. He received a commission as

lieutenant, serving until March, 1919, when he was
released from active duty. Fie then went East for
a post-graduate course, studying surgery in New
York, Philadelphia, and Chicago, also visiting Lon-
don for clinic and post-graduate work. He returned
to San Jose in September, 1919, and resumed his
practice, occupying a suite in the Twohy Building.
Dr. Staub is a member of the American Medical
Association and of the State and County Medical
Societies. Fie is on the surgical stafl^ of the O'Con-
nor Hospital in San Jose, and as a medical and
surgical authority of high standin.g he is often called
upon to .give expert testimonj' for the Southern
Pacific Railroad in accident and damage cases.
Fraternally he is very popular as a member of the
San Jose Elks, the Odd Fellows, the San Jose
Country Club, and is a prominent Scottish Rite
Mason and a Shriner, while he keeps up his military
associations by membership in San Jose Post No. 89,
American Le.gion.

CHARLES D. ROBERTSON.— A popular, effi-
cient and genial official is Charles D. Robertson, the
agent for the Southern Pacific Railroad Company at
Morgan Flill, wdio is a native of San Jose, where he
was born on November 5, 1871, the third son of
John and Margaret (Curry) Robertson, both natives
of Northern Scotland. An expert shoemaker, John
Robertson emigrated to America in 1868, and coming
to San Jose, he established himself in the boot and
:-lioe business. Two years later, he sent for his wife
and two children. In 1908. he passed away at the
age of sixty-eight, honored of all who knew him;
his devoted wife lived to be seventy-four years of
age, and died at her home in Edenvale in 1917.
Prior to his death, John Robertson had acquired a
ranch of 100 acres, eight miles south of San Jose, a
place formerly known as the Eight-!Mile House,
and there the fa.iiily were reared.

Charles Robertson entered the public school at
Oak Grove in 1875, and he topped off his studies in
tlie upper grades in San Jose. In 1892 he began his
association as an employe with the Southern Pacific
Railroad Company, and for a while served an ap-
prenticeship at the Hillsdale Station. Then he be-
came the operator at the Laurel Station, in the Santa
Cruz Alountains, and he also was assistant station
agent at Santa Margarita and Redwood City, and was
agent at Volta, and worked at times all through the
Coast Di\'ision of the Southern Pacific Railroad.
He opened the new station at Naples, and then for
two years served as assistant agent at Gilroy. In
1902 he was given the agency at Morgan Hill, and
he has discharged the duties there all these interven-
ing years wdth exceptional satisfaction to the public.
Fle has charge of the American Railway Express,
the Western LInion Tele,graph, and the United States
Mail delivery at Morgan Hill. He is a Republican,
but first, last and all the time an American citizen.
He belongs to the Order of Railroad Telegraphers
and is a Mason.

In 1894 Mr, Robertson was married to Miss
Annette Mae Donald, w'ho was born in San Mateo,
the daughter of John and Harriet Donald — the for-
mer now deceased, the latter still living at Redwood
City. Three sons have been born to them. Charles
D., in the promising age of twelve, died from acci-
dental drowning at Capitola; and John Butler and
Welburn Edson are attending the public school.
The family attend the Presbyterian Church of Mor-

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

607

gan Hill, and live in ihuir residence at the corner ol
Hatfield and Del Monte streets at Morgan Hill.

Mr. Robertson has always been pnblie-spirited,
and instrnniental in bringing about various local
modern improvements. He is a member of the Live
Oak high school board of trustees, and at present is
the clerk of the board, lie ci\vns thirteen acres of
tine fruit ranch at Edenvale. part of his share of the
family estate, and is thus an horticulturist as well
as a railroad official, and deeply interested in Califor-
nia husbandry' as well as in the problems of
California transportation.

MAJOR CHARLES PETTINGILL BRASLAN.

In the death of the late }vIajor Charles Pettingill
Braslan. American agriculture lost one of its pro-
gressive leaders, and the American nation one of its
most public-spirited citizens. He^ was for >-ears
widely known in the seed world, .and he was one of
the far-seeing pioneers in commerce who secured the
Panama Exposition for San Francisco. !More than
that, he was pleasantly associated b\' marriage with
the family of a sturdy pioneer. \vho rose to be'-ome
of great service to the American public in carrymg
important public projects already of blessin,g to other
generations than his own.

Charles P. Braslan was born at Cambridge, ilass ,
on July 1, 1861. attended the excellent schools of
Boston, and while yet a lad went to \vork for John
Breck & Son. the oldest and largest seed firm in the
world, with whom he remained for ele\'en years.
Then he became a member of the seed house of
Northrup, Braslan and Goodwin, of Chicago, where
he was general manager for thirteen years; but prior
to that he had been in the same line in Minneapolis.
While in Minnesota, Mr. Braslan was commissioned
major on the staff of Governor Merriam, and ever
afterward bore that title.

In 1898 he came West to California. Locating at
San Jose, he sold seed as an agent for the growers.
Then he embarked in seed growing for himself, and
the well-known firm, the Braslan Seed Growers, ^vas
incorporated, July 13, 1902, and Major Braslan be-
came the president and manager of this company, and
in that responsible and honorable office he continued
until his death. He has not only sold but grown
seeds, inspecting growing crops and supervising the
harvesting and cleaning of seeds in nearly every
state in the Union, and had probablj' a keener knowl-
edge of the seed industry in all its phases than any-
one in the business. He possessed a wonderful busi-
ness ability, a wide knowledge of public affairs and
was a man of large caliber. He became the largest
seed grower and wdiolesale shipper in the world,
dealing extensively with all countries and handling
many large government contracts. !Major Braslan
first grew seeds under contract, but by his incessant
and untiring energy he built up a business that
reached to all quarters of the globe. The company
at the present time has some 5,000 acres devoted to
seed raising in Santa Clara, San Joaquin and San
Benito Counties, besides enormous acreages under
contracts in other parts of California. He began the
business in a small way, and practically \\'ithout any
capital, but his success was rapid and continuous,
and his name was known everywhere where seeds
were sold; in fact his name stood as a counterpart
for the best in the seed markets of the world.

At S.an Jose, in November, 1901, Major Braslan
was married to .\liis I )lga Adele I'ieper, a daughter
of John H. Pieper, who was born in Germany in
1 824 and educated at the celebrated Polytechnic Col-
le,ge in liaiiuver. Patriotic and with a proper sense
of the duty which he owed to the land of his birth,
Mr. Pieper joined the engineering corps of the f}er-
man army, and in a short time was made first a lieu-
ten.'iiit and then an adjutant. Havin.g thus honor-
ably put behind him bis military service, he decided
to migrate to the L'nited v^t.ates, and having visited
New Orleans, he went on to San Antonio, Texas.
Pushing north to New ^'ork City, he was for three
years emplove<l as principal assistant of the Topo-
graphical v^'urvey of the State of New Jersey, and
then he served as first assistant engineer in the lay-
ing out of Central Park in New York City. After
seven years in that very responsible position, wdiere
he discharged his duties with such credit as to re-
flect handsomely on his training, as well as on his
own nati\'e al)ilit>', Air. I'ieper resigned to become a
mining engineer and assistant manager of the Mari-
posa Grant, in Mariposa County; and that position
he held for two years. He then removed to San Jose
and engaged in practice as a civil engineer and sur-
veyor, and as early as 1867 he became city engineer
of San Jose, and was instrumental in effecting many
city improvements. vSewers and other channels, for
example, passing throu.gh the city, were constructed
according to his plans The excellence of his public
works was generously recognized, and he never
wanted for flattering recognition in the land and in
(he city of his adoption. Fie married Miss Adele
Hoffman, by whom he had si.x children, and died on
November 16, 1888, bein.g survived by his widow,
who passed away November 13, 1919.

!Major Braslan, who was a member of the Repub-
lican part\' and was by nature a leader, consented to
work as one of the members of the Committee of
Twelve in the Fifth Congressional District to look
after the interests of California in securing San Fran-
cisco as the site for the proposed Panama-Pacific
Exposition in 1915, and in company with Senator
Ralston of San F'rancisco loured the large Flastern
cities as Commissioner Plenipotentiary for the Pan-
ama-Pacific Committee. He performed the service
at the request of Governor Gillett and Mayor Mc-
Carthy of vSan F'rancisco, and his very successful ef-
forts in obtaining recognition from the railroads and
great transportation companies, as well as influential
financial houses of the country, are well known. It
was his intention to follow up the work while hi
\\ ashington durin.g the session of Congress as he
was deeply interested in the work and had the honor
of being the only man appointed on the Commission
outside of San Francisco. His aid was sought be-
cause of his wide acquaintance and influence with in-
fluential men all over the L'nited States. While on
his trip East he cau.ght cold and on December 3.
1910, died of pneumonia, too soon to see and enjoy
the wonderful creation of industry and art by the
shore of the Pacific, for which he «as ni part so re-
sponsible. He belonged to the Elks and the Family
Club of San Francisco, and both within and beyond
those organizations enjo>'ed a wide circle of friends.
Mrs. Braslan, while maintaining an active interest in
the company founded by her husband, also takes an

608

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

active part in social life. She belongs to the Outdoor
Art League, and contributes her influence for the
moulding and improvement of the public taste.

The loss of Major Braslan was sorely felt among
all his wide circle of friends in America and Europe;
a man large in his sympathies and possessed of many
native graces. Mrs. Braslan was grief-stricken over
the sudden death of her devoted husband and the
indulgent father of their daughter Olga. By a for-
mer marriage, ilajor Braslan had a son, Charles A.
Braslan, with the People's Water Company of Oak-
land, and a daughter, X'irginia, now Mrs. Jolin K.
Calhoun, of Minneapolis. He is also survived by
two sisters, who reside in the old Braslan home in
Cambridge, Mass.

RALPH L. SNELL. — A prominent horticulturist
and apiarist of ilountain \'iew, located on the Whis-
man Road, about one mile northeast of that place,
is Ralph L. Snell, who is the owner of a fifteen-acre
tract, which in point of production, is unexcelled in
California. He is taking a prominent place among
the horticulturists and nurserymen of the state. He
was born thirty miles south of Boston, at South
AVeymouth, Mass., August 4, 1872, and is familiar
with the places made famous during the Revolu-
tionary struggle — the Boston Common, Bunker Hill,
Lexington, and man}' other historic places. His
father, Norman Snell, was engaged in contracting
and building in and about Boston. The paternal
grandfather, Stillman Snell, was employed at team-
ing and buying and selling horses at Weymouth,
Quincy and J-lraintree, Mass. Mrs. Norman Snell,
who was Ablne lAver, passed away when the sub-
ject of this sketch was only six years old, the mother
of seven children, live Ijoys and two girls. The
father is living at ninety-six years of age.

Ralph L. attended tlie public schools of Boston
and later the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and then pursued a commercial course at the Y. M.
C. A. He first settled in Tulare County in 1894 and
was occupied \vitli farming, but not realizing the
measure of success expected, he removed to I'"resno,
Cak, wdierc he was employed in the fruit packing in-
dustry for seven years, working for A. L. Hobbs and
for the J. B. Inderrieden Compan>-.

Mr. Snell's marriage occurred in Fresno in 1902,
and united him with Miss Lmma Chamberlain, a
native of Nevada, a daughter of Henry Chamber-
lain, a lumberman of Pioche, Nev., who is still liv-
ing at the age of eighty-five. Mr. and Mrs. Snell
arc the parents of two children: Frederick and
Marion, lioth students in the Mountain A'iew high
school. From Fresno ^Ir. Snell removed to San
Francisco in 1904, \\here he engaged in contracting
and building for twelve years, and in 1914 he re-
moved to Mountain View and purchased his present
ranch. He has the distinction of starting raspberry
culture at Mountain View, being the introducer of
the cclel)rated Ranaree .and La FTance raspberries,
and holds the record for the greatest production of
any raspberry grown in California. During 1920,
from one and a quarter acres, Mr. Snell sold $0,000
worth of berries and $3,500 worth of raspljcrry
plants. He works in connection with the State De-
partment of Agriculture. Besides his activities
along horticultural lines, he keeps seventy-five
stands of bees and is a careful student of bee culture,
appropriating the best features in both the Root and
Miller systems of beekeeping. Mr. Snell has one

acre of ground planted to the Cory thornless black-
berry and it remains to be seen what success he will
have in the culture of this fruit. He is an active
mem1:)er of the local Grange and in his political af-
iiliations he is a Republican. The community is
greatly indebted to such a man as Mr. Snell, who
has always been willing to sacrifice his own con-
venience for the upbuilding of the locality.

The Mountain View Berry Growers' Association
sprung into existence in December, 1921, directly as
a result of Mr. Snell's unprecedented success in rasp-
berry culture. There is now under construction,
by said association, at Mountain View, a large pre-
cooling plant, 50 by 150 feet, with a capacity for
precooling four car loads of fruit every twenty-four
hours and manufacturing ten tons of ice per day,
the ice being used for the refrigerator cars in which
the berries are transported to Eastern markets.
Scventy-si.x berry growers at Mountain View have
joined in a trusteeship, with the following seven
trustees: B. W. Holman, W. P. Angelo, J. E. Reiter,
\'ictor Stanquist, F. E. Gallagher, C. C. Spalding
and Ralph L. Snell. The project's primary purpose
is to market the produce of the growing raspberry
industry', the soil and climate at the south end of
San Francisco Bay being peculiarly adapted to
berr}' culture. An affiliated interest is the Runnv-
mede Berry Growers' Association, who will bring
I heir berries here for precooling and shipment. The
plant is being erected at a cost of $45,000. Victor
Stanquist and Ralph L. Snell, both members of said
Board of Trustees, and both capable contractors
and builders, constitute the building committee and
have charge of tlie work of construction. This plant
will also precool apricots, strawberries and cherries.
The temperature of the berries will be reduced to
from thirty-four degrees to thirty-six degrees before
being loaded into the refrigerator cars. The base-
ment vill contain a barreling department where from
seventy-five to one hundred women will be engaged
in sorting out the berries which are too ripe to
stand transportation. These berries will be packed
into barrels with sugar and frozen, in wdiich condi-
tion they will be placed on tlie market. The plant
at Mountain View will work in conjunction with the
Central California Berry Growers' Association.

PAUL J. ARNERICH.— A man of especial gifts
who easily impresses others with both his natural
ability and his acquirements through experience is
Paul J. Arnerich, a native son, having been born
near San Jose on September 2,1, 1869. His father
was Mathew Arnerich, and he had married Mrs.
Elizabeth (Brown) Moylan, the widow of Edward
Moylan. When fourteen years of age, Mathew
.'\rnerich shipped as a sailor, and in the historic year
of '49 he voyaged from China to San Francisco.
Three years later, he removed to Santa Clara Valley
and here engaged in agriculture. In 1856 he married,
and purcb.ascd 160 acres in the Union district. He
died on May ,3, 1883, from injuries received in a fall
from a buggy. Mrs. Arnerich also came from an old
pioneer family; she died here about .1910.

As kind parents this worthy couple provided the
best training for Paul in the public schools, and
when he had finished with his studies, he worked
with his father on the home farm until he was
twenty-one. Then, for several years, he farmed for
himself, and in 1905 he ran for the State Legislature,
:n which he served a term. He was then appointed

1-^/

HISTORY ()F SANTA CLARA COLIN'J^V

611

to the United States Marslial's ollue as deputy
marshal and discharged that responsibility for ten
vears; and having resigned, lie ran for the Legisla-
ture, was elected in l"]?. and in 1917 he was re-
elected. Next he was a deputy sheriff in Alameda
County for a couple of years, and hnally was engaged
in the real i-state business for a number of years
until he became a deputy sheriff, serving under Sher-
iff Lyle of Santa Clara County.

At San Jose, on February 21, 1898, Mr. Arnerieh
A\as married to ;Miss I'.va La Montague, a native
cf Santa Clara County and the representative of
another pioneer family: and four children have
blessed their union. They are Bernice, Francis.
Genevieve and Elizabeth. Mr. Arnerieh belongs
to the Republican party, and when he gets tired of
politics he turns for recreation to hunting and other
outdoor sports.

MARIA COX LOYST.— In all sections of the
world the pioneer is highly honored, but especially
is this the case in California, where the present gen-
eration realizes that the development of the twen-
tieth century is due to the indefatigable determina-
tion of those who faced the hardships of an overland
journey and the even greater hardships connected
with the transforming of an unknown, sparselv set-
tled region into one of the greatest commonwealths
in the United States. }iluch is due to the faithful-
ness of the capable and kindly pioneer women of
that day. of whom we hear so little, and yet their
contribution to the upbuilding of these great com-
monwealths was invaluable. Among these good wo-
men was }ilrs. Alaria (Cox) Loyst. now deceased,
who was born near San Jose, January 14, 1853, and
was reared and educated and spent her whole life
m this county. She was the daughter of William
and Dicey (Baggs) Cox, natives of Ohio, who came
to California at the early date of 1852. in an ox-team
train, and settled in Santa Clara County, their in-
terestin.g life history appearing elsewhere in this vol-
ume. ^Maria Cox was the third oldest in a family of
nine children, and after completing the ^foreland
district school course she attended a girls' boarding
school in Santa Clara, wdiich afterwards liecame the
University of the Pacific.

The marriage of ilaria Cox, in 1878. united her
with Andrew I^oyst, a rancher livin.g near Saratoga,
a native of Canada. They became the parents of
five children: two children died in infancy': Mabel
^I, became the wife of J. AA\ Breeding; they reside
on part of the old Cox homestead and are the par-
ents of four children — Lester, John, AVilgus, and
Etho: Y'illiam ^^'. is a travelin,g salesman of San
Jose, and was married to Miss Etho Hight and they
became the parents of two children — William W., Jr..
and Kenneth; George G. married Tilly Doan and
they have one child, Eleanor D.. and they also reside
on the old home place. After their marriage Mr.
and Mrs. Loyst engaged in orcharding on Pierce
road, where they had a 60-acre ranch. ^Mrs. Loyst
also became the possessor of fifty acres of her father's
old farm, which was parth- set to orchard. She
passed away October 30. 1892, at the age of thirty-
nine years, leaving her place to her three children,
who have improved the balance to orchard and in-
stalled an electric pumping plant for irri.gatin.g the
place, and it has become a very valuable property.
Mrs. Loyst was a woman of splendid attainments

and greatl\' loved by all who knew her. She was a
devout Christian, ln'ing :i member of the Methodist
Church in Sarato.^a.

L C. SUTHERLAND.— Among the early pioneer
families of Santa Clara County whose prominence
was won through i)ri\'ation and sacriiice. J. C.
Sutherland is a worthy representative and the suc-
cess \vhich he is enjoying is well deserved. He was
born November 1. 1872 on the James Sutherland
ranch on Sutherland A\-emie. the son of the late
James Sutherland, ami a grandson of that early
settler, W'illiam Sutherland. The paternal grand-
parents \Villiam and Ann (Dawson) Sutherland were
both born at Newcastle, England, and in 1851 came
to the United States. William Sutherland worked
for a while in the coal mines of Missouri and Illinois
and in 1852 he crossed the plains. The family first
settled in Sacramento County, purchased a farm and
spent five years there. They next removed to Fresno
County and engaged in stock raising. From Fresno
County they removed to Santa Clara County in 1868
and established the home on the Saratoga and Alviso
roads. The old home place contained eighty acres
of choice land and it was devoted almost exclusively
to the production of hay and grain and the raising
of stock. There were two fine artesian wells on the
ranch, one 3(HI feet in depth and flowin.g five inches
over a seven-inch pipe, and the other 425 feet in
depth and flowing" two and one-half inches over a
seven-inch pipe. The father, James Sutherland,
came to California with his parents and was reared
and educated in the schools of this state. His mar-
ria.ge united him with iliss Eliza Esrey, born in
Missouri, whose parents were also early settlers of
California. He owned 94 acres on Sutherland Avenue
devoted to orchard and dairy, until he returned to
San Jose in 1905. wdiere he passed awa^- at the age
of sixty-nine. The mother resides in San Jose at
483 South Sixth Street. They were the parents of
five children: Caroline became the wife of Scott
Dean, both deceased; J. C, the subject of this re-
view; W. il.. a rancher in Kings County; Annie
Jane. ^Irs. L. A. Bates, and Lena E., Jilrs. A. T.
(iriffin, li\'e in San Jose.

J. C. Sutherland attended the Santa Clara grammar
and high schools and later took a course in the San
Jo'-e Business College, from wdiich he was graduated
in 1893. From a boy he assisted his parents on the
farm, and while going to school helped to plant the
orchards he owms today. After his graduation, he
continued on the home place, takin.g over its active
mana.gement. His marriage occurred in Santa Clara
111 1894 and united him with Miss Eva Jamison, a
daughter of the late Hon. Samuel I. Jamison, a
prominent pioneer wdio landed in San Francisco
in October. 1849. Immediately after their marriage
the young people removed to near Lemoorc, and
en.gaged in the cattle business, purchased land and
set out sixty acres to a muscat grape vine3"ard and
resided there for eleven years. In r'll5 they disposed
of their holdings in San Joaquin \'alley and returned
to Santa Clara Count\- and purchased seveiit}- acres
of the home place and have continued to reside
there. The property is highly productive and is
kept in the best of condition; there are thirty-two
acres in prunes; tlnrt\'-four acres in Bartlett pears;
the balance for the farm buildings, including his
comfortable residence surrounded by well laid out

612

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

grounds. He also has land holdings at Hermosillo,
Sonora, j\Iexico. Mr. and Airs. Sutherland are the
parents of two children: Carrie li., Mrs. C. M. Alun-
ger, has one son, C. M. Jr.; Cleanie is a student in
the Santa Clara schools. For generations the Suther-
lands have been stalwart Democrats, and J. C. has not
departed from the party of his forefathers, but is in-
clined to be liberal and considers principles and men.
He is a member of the California Prune and Apricot
Growers' Association. He is proud of the growth
and prosperity of Santa Clara County and is liberal
in giving of his time and means to the furtherance of
progressive measures.

JAMES C. KENNEDY.— The substantial and
well-to-do families have no better representative than
James C. Kennedy, whose capable service for the past
six years as postmaster of the Mountain View post
office, ended on July 1, 1921. For nine and a half
years he was deputy county clerk in San Jose under
Henry Pfisttr, from 1905 to 1915, and ihen w-as ap-
pointed postmaster and served from 1915 to 1921.
He was a native son of California, born at Pleas-
;inton, Alameda County, November 23, 1868, where
his father, Joseph F. Kennedy, was a prominent
school teacher. The father, who was born in In-
dependence, Mo., in 1843, a son of Captain Robert
\'. Kennedj', a pioneer newspaper man of Missouri,
became an employe in a bank at Council Bluffs,
Iowa, and in 1863 crossed the plains in a train that
was captained by an uncle, Captain Boyers, from
Independence, Mo., who had previously been to Cal-
ifornia, a pioneer farmer of Contra Costa County,
wdio went back to Missouri and brought back a
number of relatives and friends. James C. Kennedy
is distantly related to the Donners of the ill-fated
Donner party and has talked with some of the sur-
vivors. Joseph F. left Mountain View in 1876 and
went to Idaho and then to Washington and was a
pioneer of Whitman Count}', Wash.; later he went
to Spokane and became a merchant, and passed
away in 1903. Mrs. Joseph F. Kennedy's maiden
name was Margaret Graham, born in Cass County,
Mo. She came to California with her parents, who
were I. N. and Elizabeth (Wear) Graham, in 1852,
settling near Mountain View which is now known
as the Abbott place on the state highway. She was
the mother of three children, all of whom are living:
James C, the subject of this sketch; Frances W., the
wife of 19. L. Davis of Vallejo, a retired Govern-
ment naval official, serving at Mare Island; Mar-
garet, the wife of William Bolitho, of Eastern
Washington, now lives with her uncle, Newton
Graham at Mountain View.

Mr. Kennedy has been a resident of this county
since 1871 when, after his mother's death in Alameda
County, he was brought to the home of a relative,
Mrs. W. G. Mayers, on the Springer Road, south-
west of Mountain View, where he grew up and be-
gan his education in the public schools of the county,
and attended a private high school in Colfax, Wash.;
he then entered Stanford University and spent two
years in the law department, leaving school to enter
the count}' clerk's office.

Mr. Kennedy was married in 1907 to Mrs. Emma
(Henderson) Barkway, a native of Kansas. She is
the mother of a daughter, Emily W., a graduate of
Stanford University, and who is now teaching at
Tomales, Marin County. Mr. Kennedy is an Elk,

and is an active member of the Episcopal church.

The faniily are active in social, political, religious

and educational circles and are highly respected
citizens of the community.

FRANCIS SMITH.— Not alone a pioneer of the
state, but a pioneer in his line of business, Francis
Smith stands high in the annals of California's de-
velopment as the first man in the state to manufac-
ture sheet iron mining and irrigation pipe, and at his
factor}' in San Francisco he also built water and oil
tanks, these products finding a market not alone in
California but in all parts of the United States, as
well as South America, South Africa and Australia.
Mr. Smith was born at Rutland, near Middleport,
Ohio, November 29, 1831, the son of John and Eliza-
beth (Monroe) Smith, the latter a descendant of Presi-
dent Monroe. The father was a native of New Hamp-
shire and the son of a patriotic New Englander who
had served in the Revolutionary War.

Of a family of nine children, F'rancis Smith was
reared on the paternal farm along the banks of the
C)hio River, receiving his education in the primitive
schools of that day. At the age of fifteen he went to
Pomeroy, Ohio, to learn the tinsmith's trade, and at
the close of his apprenticeship engaged in this line of
work until 1852, when in company with nineteen
young men he left for California. Leaving New York
on the steamer Georgia, they were crowded on with
3,000 passengers and the horrors of this voyage
lasted ten days, when they reached the Chagres River
on the Isthmus of Panama. From there they were
taken to Gorgona in boats manned by naked negroes,
and then started to walk to Panama. As Mr. Smith
was not robust, he became exhausted the second day,
and but for the efforts of a friend, L. E. Stevens, who
forced a native to give up his mule to Mr. Smith,
he might have succumbed. They were obliged to wait
ten days at Panama for a steamer and then began
another terrible voyage, occasioned by the Panama
fever breaking out on board the boat. They arrived
at San Francisco on February 11, 1853, and Mr. Smith'
continued on to Sacramento, going from there to
Hangtown, now Placerville, where he worked at his
trade for si.x months. Later he worked at Marys-
ville and Camptonville, and in 1855 located at San
Juan, where he conducted a tinshop and hardware
store. It was while there that he saw the need of
something to take the place of the miner's canvas
hose, and he began the manufacture of sheet iron
pipe, and out of his small beginning his extensive
and lucrative business was developed.

In 1869 Mr. Smith removed to San Francisco and
two years later began the manufacture of iron pipe
in that city, commencing on a small scale and doing
all the work himself. The undertaking was an entirely
new and original one and met with ready success,
h'or twenty-eight years he was located at 130 Beal
Street, and later he built a plant at Eighth and Town-
send streets, the largest and most complete establish-
ment of its kind in the world at that time. Of rare
business ability, Mr. Smith conducted his affairs along
practical and modern methods and rose to occupy
a position among the most successful manufacturers
of the West. In addition to his manufacturing inter-
ests he built the city water works for Watsonvillc,
Petaluma, Redding and Winnemucca, Nev. In 1871
he purchased the Swinford property on Bascom Av-

L-Z-^i-'-^'-T-T c^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

617

onuc, now known as Dana [arm, and lying liclwcin
San Jose and Santa Clara, mUcIi has since liccn the
family homestead; here Mr. Smith set out the Inst
large commercial prune orchard in the Santa Clara
N'alley, and it is now one of the hue orchard jirop-
erties of the district.

On July 3, 1860, Mr. Smith was united in marriage
with Miss Rebecca Critcs, a nati\'e of Athens, N. Y.,
the daughter of John and Elizahelh (Geiger) Crites,
both born in Pennsylvania, the mother l.)eing a rela-
tive of the famous Miss Geiger who was a despatch
carrier during the Revolutionary War. John Crites
came to Wisconsin in the early days with Juneau
and became a pioneer farmer of Walworth County.
Mrs. Smith was reared in Walworth Counl>', Wis.,
where she received a fine education and in 1857 came
to California by way of the Isthmus; she went at
once to Miss Atkins' Seminary at Benicia, now Mills
College in Oakland, and three years later her marriage
to ^Ir. Smith occurred. They became the parents
of four children: George F., anIiosc biography appears
elsewhere in this volume, lives on the old homestead;
Edwin \'. died at San Jose in 1916; Elizabeth is Mrs.
Hinson of Melbourne, Australia; Dana W. died in in-
fancy. Mrs. Smith took great pleasure in her exten-
sive travels, journeying over Europe and making four
trips to Australia; a cultured woman of unsual at-
tainments, she gathered about her many friends who
appreciated her many fine qualities and her generous
hospitality, so that her passing away on September
14. 1914, left a deeply felt void not alone in the family
circle, but in the community, Mr. Smith's death
having occurred two years previously, on October
10, 1912. Prominent in the ranks of Masonry, he
became a member of that order while living in San
Juan, and was made a Knight Templar in Nevada
City about 1858, later demitting to Golden Gate Com-
mandery at San Francisco. In personal character-
istics no man stood higher among the citizens of this
section than Mr. Smith. Endowed not only with
business ability, but with stanch integrity-, he carefully
followed the course which marked his career from
the very beginning, and at the close of his useful,
well-spent life, he could truthfully say that he had
never knowingly wronged a fellowman.

P. HERMANN H. RICHTER.— The scenic
beauty, productiveness and agreeable climate of the
Santa Clara Valley have attracted many automol)ile
tourists from various parts of the country to this
garden spot of California and thejr have found in
Cedar Brook Park at San Jose, of which P. Hermann
H. Richter is the owner and manager, an admirable
camping site, provided with many facilities for their
convenience and comfort. He was born in Meldorf,
Holstein, . Germany, December 13, 1865, a son of
August and Anna Richter, the former of whom had
charge of the street department of that city and
for many years was in the service of the government.

The only surviving member of a family of ten
children, Hermann Richter attended the common
schools of Meldorf to the age of eleven years, when
he started out to provide for his own livelihood,
being variously employed until 1885, when he entered
the German army, in which he served for three
years. F'ollowing his release from military duty, he
came to the United States, making his way to San
Francisco, Cal., and going from there to San Rafael,

where for thirteen months he worked in the brick-
yards. From 189U until 1892 he was employed on
freighters plying on San Francisco Bay and the
Sacramento River and in the latter year he came to
San Jose, obtaining a position in the brickyards on
Keyes Street and taking out of the kiln the first
bricks manufactured in this cit}'. He remained with
that firm for a year and then spent two years with
the Peterson-Chockoche I^rick Company. In 1893
he had purchased a piece of land, upon which he
erected his home, and in 1895 he embarked in busi-
ness on his own account, opening a store at the
corner of Keyes and Eleventh streets, where he began
dealing in hay, grain and wood. In 1900 he bought
a four-acre tract at Keyes and Twelfth streets, an
abandoned brickyard, wdnch had been used as a
dumping ground, and began improving the place,
wdiich he has at length converted mto a fine auto
camping site. This has been visited by tourists
from all parts of the country, over 5,000 auto parties
having registered here up to January 1, 1922, wdiile
many have been so favorably impressed with the
locality that they have decided to become permanent
residents of San Jose. Mr. Richter's charges are
very reasonable, the tourists furnishing their own
camping outfits. He also conducts a store where
provisions can be conveniently obtained by the camp-
ers, and has established an open-air kitchen, equipped
with gas stoves; he has installed shower baths,
doing everything in his power to provide for the
comfort of the tourists. His place was originally
kno\vn as Willow- Park but in 1902 the name was
changed to its present form, that of Cedar Brook
Park. In 1920 it was leased as a public camping
ground by the Charnber of Commerce, wdio also
secured an option to buy it, but upon the termina-
tion of the lease Mr. Richter decided to pperate the
park himself and success has attended his efforts,
this being one of the most popular camping sites
in the valley.

In San Jose, on February 2, 1893, Mr. Richter
married Miss Katie Reder, who was born, reared,
and educated in his native city and came to Cali-
fornia shortly^ before her marriage. They have be-
come the parents of six children: Johanna, who is
filling a clerical position in San Jose; Olga, Mrs.
Gus Spatzwood, a graduate of the San Jose Normal
when nmeteen and until her marriage taught in
Mendocino County, where she now lives in Potter
Valley; August Victor, who is in the employ of the
Standard Oil Company, graduated from Heald's Busi-
ness College at seventeen; Martha, who also is em-
ployed as a clerk; Ernest, a high school student; and
Emma, who died in infancy. Mr. Richter is a stanch
Republican in his political views and an active worker
in the ranks of the party. He became the organizer
of the Third Ward Independent Club, starting with
an enrollment of nine, while it now has 180 members,
and he is regarded as one of the leaders of the party
in this district. He is also well known in fraternal
circles of San Jose, belonging to the Loyal Order of
Moose, the Germania Society, the Foresters of
America, and the Chamber of Commerce. He has led
an active and useful life, employing every opportunity
to advance, and his present success is entirely at-
tributable to his o-\vn efforts. Pie is a man of high
personal standing, of marked business integrity and
ability, and his sterling worth has won for him
the respect and esteem of a large circle of friends.

618

H1ST(3RY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

GEORGE F. SMITH.— In this day of chaiiKe and
rapid development it is given to few to have lived
for more than half a century on the same property,
as has George F. Smith, and to have seen the won-
derful transformation \\Tought in the Santa Clara
Valley, from a mustard field to a garden spot and
tile city of San Jose from a straggling village to its
present status as a commercial center. And not as a
mere onlooker has Mr. Smith seen this change ac-
complished, but in all of it he has taken an active
part, a true upbuilder, whose influence has ever been
on tile side of permanent development. His parents,
Francis and Rebecca (Crites) Smith, represented
elsewhere in this volume, were among California's
highly honored pioneers, the father, a native of Ohio,
coming via the Isthmus of Panama in 1853, and the
mother coming b}' the same route in 1857. I'rancis
Smith was the first manufacturer of sheet iron pipe
in California, used extensively in hydraulic minin.g
and for irrigation, and he built up an important busi-
ness as a manufacturer of pipe and water and oil
tanks, his factory, located in San hranciscn, then l)e-
ing one of the largest in the world. Mrs. Rebecca
Crites Smith was a woman of exceptional culture and
widely traveled, and with her husband, held a high
place in the community.

The eldest of the family, (.rcorge V. Smith w.as Ijorn
at the old mining town of San Juan, in Nevada Coun-
ty, Cab, June 27, ISdl, where the family resided until
1869, ulien they removed to Sau Francisco. Two
years later they came to the ranch on Bascom Av-
enue, near San Jose, and this has ever since been
Mr. Smith's home, now fifty-one years. After com-
pleting the local schools, he entered the College of
the Pacihc, where lie studied for three years, among
his classmates being Judge John H. Richards, Judge
Gosliey and Jud.ge Glendenning. When twenty years
old he left college to assume the mana.gement of the
ranch, Init Later completed a course at Fleald's Busi-
ness College in San Francisco.

On June 28, 1882, at Agnew, Mr. Smith was united
in marriage with Miss Lizzie Ijell Agnew. who \a as
born at Oskaloosa, Iowa, the dau.ghter of Abraliam
and Sarah Jane (ijarber) Agnew. The fatlier, a
native of Oliio, emigrated to Iowa at an early day,
and in 184('] crossed the i)lains to Oregon over the
Lewis and Clark trail as captain of a train. A man of
prowess, he led several expeditions each year over this
trail to Oregon, finally settling at Oskaloosa, Iowa.
In 187.3 he brou.ght his faniil\- to Santa Clara County,
Cab, and purchased the I'eebles r.anch, part of tliis
properl>' now being the site of the town of Agnew,
whi(Ji \Na5 named in his honor. Fie piassed away in
190(1, and his wife, who was a member of a prominent
old New Jersey famih", dieil in 1905. They were the
parents of three cbibiren: Hugh, deceased; Lizzie Bell,
who became !Mrs. Smith, and Jessie B., of San Diego.
Mrs. Smith was fourteen years of age when the famih'
came to California and she continued her education
at the College of the Pacific, where she took up the
stud\' of art, in which she was exceptionally talented,
manv of her paintings now adorning the walls of the
Smith home, hour children of the seien born to Mr.
and Mrs. Smitli are now living: Prank, a mining
engineer, has just returned i'rom the interior of Korea,
after an absence of nine years; fjeorge U. is mana-
ger of the Dana barm; Isabelle and Elfie preside

over the home, whose artistic furnishings and beau-
tiful decorations had been planned and carried out
by Mrs. Smith, whose devotion to her home and fam-
ily made her the center of the happy, harmonious
circle. Cultured and lovable in every way, her death,
on February 7, 1922, left an irreplacable void.

The home place on Bascom Avenue, called Dana
Farm, consists of seventy-five acres all in prunes
and pears, and with the fine, large residence and weU-
laid out grounds, beautifully kept, it is one of the
show places of the county. Mr. Smith also owns
200 acres near Exeter, which he developed from rough
hogwallow land, and twenty acres are now in bear-
ing navel oranges; he is also tlie president of the
North Paris Land Company of San Mateo County,
ownin.g a large ranch near Half Moon Bay, and a
director of the Watsonville Water Company, of
wdiich the members of the family are the principal
owners. A firm believer in cooperation, he is a
member of the Klink Citrus Association, the Califor-
nia Prune & Apricot Growers Association, and the
California Pear (..rowers Association. Mr. Smith is
a Republican in jiolitics and a member of the Pres-
byterian Church of Santa Clara, in wdiich his wife
will ever lie remembered for her beautiful Christian
life. Just, generous and charitable, Mr. Smith has
e\"er given his best efforts to support every progressive
movement and he stands ainong the first citizens of
the county that has been his home for so many years.

WILLIAM S. TEMPLETON.— Among the suc-
cessful ranchers of the Santa Clara 'Valley who has
used intelligent methods in his agricultural develop-
ments, is William S. 7'empleton, who came to the
county in 1912. A native of Illinois, he was born at
Dakota, Stephenson County, on October 23, 1878,
the son of Walker and Elizabeth (Bragg) Temple-
Ion, the father of Scotch descent, who was born in
Pennsylvania, February 14, 1839, and the mother
was born in Jvigland, March 23, 1848. Both parents
are still livin.g. The father is a Civil War veteran,
having served three years in Company D of the
Ninety-third Illinois Infantry. He served in the
Western Army and later with Sherman in his
March-to-the-Sea.

William attended the Dakota grammar school and
then look a course in the Interior Academy at
Dakota, ML After leaving school be worked on a
ranch for about a year and a half. He became inter-
I'sted in raising fancy Cornish chickens, when only
fifteen years of age, and by careful study and applica-
tion, bred main- jirize fowls. As his business expanded
he Ijecame one of the foremost breeds and exhibitors
of the Cornish breed, and in time developed the now
justl\' celel.irated Tenipleton's Dark Cornish, Victor
Strain Cornish fowls, without doubt America's best
table fciwl. He lias never failed to take one or more
first prizes wherever he has exhibited his birds, and
he has exhibited at the leadin,g poultry shows in
Pioston, Madison Square Garden, New York City;
li.altimore, Buffalo, Chicago, St. Louis World's Fair,
Kansas Cit\-, Mo.; Los Angeles, San Jose, Oakland
and San Francisco. In October, 1912, he came with
bis family to Californi.a and settled in Los Catos,
remaining there liut a short time, wdien he removed
to Morgtin Hill. Later he ranched near Campbell
and was thus engaged for four years, wdien he pur-
chased an eight-acre prune orchard on Los Gates
and Santa Clara roads. His orchard is in full-bear-

z^:^. ^ ^z^^^^^-T,<Z^

(^-^.^^ 4^<> 7^^-^..^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLAkA COUN'LA'

62.3

ing prune trees, finely cultivated and well irrigated,
bO that he gets the best results obtain.ible from his
labor. He also continues to breed his strain of
Cornish fowls.

On October 18, l^Od, in Winneshiek, HI., Mr.
Templeton was married to Miss Florence Yarger, a
native of that state, born in Rock Run Township,
near Rock City, a daughter of \\'illiain C. and
^fartha (Mitchell) Yarger. Mrs. Templeton was
educated in the schools of Lancaster, 111., and the
Interior Academy at Dakota. They arc the parents
of two children: Russell I-Jmlen. born at Dakota,
III, January 4, 1908, and Lawrence Ozro, born near
Campbell, Cal., IMarch 21. 1914. Mr. Templeton is a
Republican in his political views, and he and his wife
are active and consistent members of the Presby-
terian church, ^^'ith a determination to succeed in
whatever he undertook, ho is being well rewarded
for his industry in his success as a horticulturist.

HERBERT R. TRIPP.— A native son of California
and a trustworthy government employe. Herbert R.
Tripp was born in W'atsonville, Cal, February 10,
1S6j. a son of Dr. Russell B. and Agnes Jane
(Stewart) Tripp. The father crossed the plains to
California in 1852 and for a time was connected with
gold mining in Placer County, after which he
removed to Watsonville, where he engaged in the
practice of medicine. He next purchased land near
Cambria, San Luis Obispo County, wdiere he en-
gaged in stockraising and then went to AA'ilcox,
Arizona, wdiere for many years he continued to raise
cattle. In 1897 he sold his cattle interests and re-
turned to San Jose, making his home with his son,
Herbert R. Tripp, until his demise, June 2, 1919,
lacking only twenty-two days of his one hundredth
birthday. During the }\Iexican war he was assistant
surgeon in the Lhiited States Army.

While Dr. Tripp was engaged in the cattle busi-
ness in Arizona the mother resided with her children
in San Jose, wdiere they attended the public schools.
After completin.g his public school course Herbert
learned the trade of a harness maker, wdiich he
followed until 1884, wdien he was one of the first
four mail carriers appointed in the San Jose post-
office. For a number of years he continued to fill
that position but later he was transferred as a clerk
in the office and is now in the registry division.

On December 17, 1885, in San Jose, Mr. Tripp was
united in marriage to Miss Lue Butler, wdio was
born in Dew-itt, Clinton County, Iowa, November
18, 1865, a dau.ghter of Franklin S. and !Mary Jane
(Dennis) Butler. Her father was born in Pike
County, Ind., February 3, 1837, and was a son of
Jonathan S. and Nancy (McNeal) Butler, the former
of Scotch descent, wdiile the latter was of En.glish
lineage. In 1875, at the a.ge of ten years, Mrs.
Tripp came with her parents to California, the party
being ten days in making the trip; the family settled
in San Jose. On arriving here I'ranklin Butler re-
sumed the carpenter's trade, whicli he followed until
he retired. He was an honored veteran of the
Civil war and his military record was a most credit-
able one. He enlisted on August 12, 1861, and was
mustered into the service at Davenport, Iowa, on
the 5th of September, 1861, as a member of the
regiment commanded by Col Frederick Steele. The
regiment was ordered to St. Louis, Mo., where it

rtnianied for two weeks, and was then sent to Syra-
cuse, that state, where it joined Fremont's forces in
the campaign against Ccneral Price's Confederate
troops. I'roni November, 1861, until March 12,
18o2, it was stationed at Sedalia, Mo., and then went
to St. Louis, wdiere it embarked for Pittsburg Land-
ing, Tenn., taking a gallant part in the subserjuent
engagement at that point. In the Battle of Shiloh
tile regiment suffered severe losses and in this en-
gagement, which took iilace on the 6th of April.
1862, Mr. Butler was captured by the Confederates
and for two months was confined in a prison at
Mobile, Ala. From there he was sent to Macon, (ia.,
^^dlcre he was kept a prisoner for five months, and
was then taken to Richmond, Va. There he was
partded and was sent first to Annapolis, Md., and
on to St. Louis, wdiere he remained until his regi-
ment was reorganized on November 20, 1863. The
regiment then joined Grant's forces in the Vicksburg
campaign and was afterward assigned to General
Tuttle's Division, taking part in the siege of Vicks-
bur.g Landing and the engagement at Jackson, Miss.
For a while it was encamped at Vicksburg, being
sent from that point to Pocahontas, Tenn., where
it was veteranized on January 1, 1864, and in Febru-
ary of the same year took part in the raid on
Meridian, Miss. "sir. Butler was then granted a fur-
lou,gh, afterward rejoinin.g his regiment, wdiich \vas
sent to do provost guard duty at Memphis, Tenn., on
the 21st of Au.gust, 1864, continuing there during
the remainder of the defense of that city against
General Forrest. Larly in March, 1865, it moved
to New Orleans, La., then to Dauphin Isle, wdicncc
it joined in the sie,ge of Mobile and the capture of
Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, being with Colonel
Geddes in the assault on Spanish Fort, wdiich was
one of the most brilliant periormances of the cam-
paign. After the fall of Mobile it moved to Mont-
gomery. Ala., and thence to Selma Isle, wdiere it
was mustered out April 20, 1766. !\fr. Butler was
made ei,ghtli corporal on January 1, 1862; seventh
corporal March 1, 1862; sixth corporal December 4,
1862 and second corporal February 10, 1864. He was
a member of Sheridan-Dix Post, G. A. R., at San
Jose, of w"hich he was past commander. In San
Jose he served five years as a lieutenant in the Cali-
fornia Natiojial Guard.

Mr. and Mrs. Tripp are the parents of two chil-
dren: Russell Butler served ten j'ears in the Cali-
fornia National Guard, becoming captain of Com-
pany M. Fifth Regiment. He resigned his office
as city clerk and enlisted for service in the World
War, was commissioned a second lieutenant in Sep-
tember, 1917, and later a first lieutenant in the
Three Hundred Sixty-fourth Infantry, Ninety-first
Division, and w'as sent overseas, participating in its
activities in France. He spent four months at the
University of Poitiers in the study of international
law. On his return to the Presidio he received his
discharge in August, 1919. He is now editor of the
Stirringrod and also of the Western Confectioner.
He and his wife, I\[ary F. Tripp, have a son,
William Russell. Bessie B. Tripp married R. C.
McCrone and they reside at San Jose. Herbert ^I.
Tripp is a Republican and is a member of the
Masons, Odd Fellows and the Native Sons of the
Golden West, wdiile his wife is affiliated with the
]{a':tern Star and the Rebekahs, in which she is a

624

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

past noble grand. She is also prominently identified
with the Women's Relief Corps of San Jose and was
department president of California and Nevada in
1914, and presided at the convention held here in
1914. The)' make their home at 396 South Second
Street, where they dispense a cordial hospitality to
their man)' friends.

MICHAEL BROEDEL.— An enterprising, thor-
oughly up-to-date manufacturer, who well deserves
his phenomenal success, is jMichael Broedel of 556
South First Street, San Jose. He was born in New
York City on September 11, 1857, the son of John
and Catherine (Baker) Broedel, and came out to
California on March 3, 1873, to join his brother,
Adam, who had already been ten years in the Golden
State. In the fall of 1873 the parents of our subject
followed, and for years the)' lived on the Coast in
the quiet enjoyment of Western life. Both of these
worth)' people are now dead.

Michael Broedel attended the grammar schools
of Greenville, Pa., to which place his people had
moved when he was a child, and after coming to San
Jose, in 1873, he learned the blacksmith's trade under
W. H. Hollis, with whom he remained for nine j'ears
from April, 1874. Then he started a shop of his
own at the New Almaden ]\'Iines. and ran it at a fair
profit for several years. In 1890 he established a
shop in San Jose, where he endeavored, with ever-
increasing success, to turn out the best work; and
from that has grown his present modern blacksmith
and machine shops and woodwork business, where
the services of from eighteen to twenty-five skilled
mechanics are required to meet the demands of an
appreciative public. His equipment is one of the best
on the Pacific slope, a fact for which the people of
San Jose frequently give thanks, when they find that
it is no longer necessary to go to San Francisco for
expert service.

Some years ago Mr. Broedel purchased a lot lOOx
1371/ feet at 556 South First Street, and in 1906 he
built a two-story modern building, where he en-
gaged in business. His building and business were
burned to the ground in 1918. He immediately re-
built, constructing a brick building 100x1371/ feet,
which now houses his big business. Mr. Broedel is
also a half owner with Frank Hennessey in the Hen-
nessey Trucking Company, operating a fleet of motor
trucks in Santa Clara County, in which they are
making a success. Naturally Mr. Broedel belongs
to the Chamber of Commerce and heartily supports
its various programs. He is also a charter member
of the San Jose Commercial Club.

On May 31, 1912, at San Jose, Mr. Broedel )vas
married to Miss Sidney West, who was born in Lake
County, California. He is a Knight Templar and a
thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, being a
member of all the Masonic bodies in San Jose, and is
also a member of the Sciots. By a former marriage
Mr. Broedel had iwo children, William M., who as-
sisted Mr. Broedel in his business until his death at
the age of twenty-six, and Charles X.

JOHN A. LOVELL.— A most interesting repre-
sentative of several of the worthiest pioneer families
)vas the late John A. I^ovcll, the well-known and
highly-respected citizen of Santa Clara, who lived
retired at 1091 Harrison Street some time before his
demise. He )vas born in Hopkins County, Ky., on No-
vember 18, 1842, the son of Ira Joseph and Ann
Laurette (Campbell) Lovell, with whom he crossed
the plains in a large train captained by an uncle,

Benjamin Campbell. William Campbell, our subject's
grandfather, was one of California's first settlers,
and was born in Fayette County, Ivy., on November
12, 1793, the son of David Campbell. He grov up
on the rugged frontier, with very limited educational
advantages, and he came to know the grim reality
of life through three )vars, in two of which he
actively participated. As far back as the War of
1812, he served in a regiment of Kentucky Volun-
teers, and he was thus able to bequeath to his de-
scendants the sturdiest American virtues. On Sep-
tember 24, 1816, he married Miss Sarah McNary,
who died within five years; and then, on Septem-
ber 24, 1822, he married Miss Agnes Hancock, a
native of Kentucky. Mr. Campbell led the quiet life
of a farmer of moderate means in Kentucky and
Alissouri; but finally stirred by the spirit of adven-
ture, he and his wife and children made the long
journey, almost three years in advance of the gold-
seekers of '49. He at once saw the future in Santa
Chira County, and settled here, and he became a
leader ui the development of the Valley, and assisted
by his two sons, David and Benjamin, he put up
the first sawmill within the county limits for cut-
ting the great redwood trees. A natural mechanic,
he built his own threshing machine in 1847; and
it not only threshed, but it separated the grain from
the straw and chaff, and had a capacity of ten to
twelve bushels an hour. If not the first separator
ever operated in California, it was the first one
ever built in the state, and this fact is all the more
interesting because he was a typical pioneer who did
a man's work in subduing the wilderness. He had a
brave, undaunted spirit, and he was always helpfully
optimistic as to the destiny of the great common-
wealth. His devoted wife, alas, did not live to enter
into even his dreams, for she died in the autumn
of the year when he removed to California, the
mother of seven children. William Campbell passed
away peacefully on December 2, 1886, after having
made his home for years with his son, Benjamin.

Benjamin Campbell, John A. Lovell's uncle, has
passed into history as the first permanent settler of
the Hamilton district. He was born in Muhlenburg
County, Ky., on October 16, 1826, and since the
years of his young manhood, he was identified with
developments in California, fortunate in a favoring
association in business with his father. On reaching
California, father and son found the country in
the turmoil which terminated in its conquest, not by
force or numbers, but by American valor, and they
both soon took a very active part. In the spring
of 1851, Mr. Campbell purchased a site for his home,
on what was later Campbell Avenue, near Camp-
bell Station, in the Hamilton district; and as his
original purchase was a squatter's right, he was
forced to defend himself in litigation extending
through eighteen )'ears. Finally, he bought a quit-
claim of those who contended for it under Mexi-
can grants, and later obtained from the U. S. Gov-
ernnient a patent of 160 acres. As the years went
by, he became much interested in horticulture;
Campbell Station )vas built on his land, and was
followed by the establishing of the Campbell post
office, )vhen he was made postmaster. In 1851 Mr.
Campbell returned East to Saline County, Mo., and
on Christmas day he was married to Miss Mary
L. Ruckcr. The next vcar he came back to Call-

yy^. (&u>-jMI.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COLTNT^'

627

fornia, bringing his wife, ami they cstablisheil them-
selves permanently here, beeoming aetive and prom-
inent in the Methodist Episcopal Church, Soi:th.

Ira J. Lovell, the father of our subject, was born
in Logan Count\', Ky., on November 6, 1811, the
son of Michael Lovell, who spent his early boyhood
on the Chesapeake Bay, some sixty miles from Bal-
timore. Like his father, Ira became a tiller of the
soil; so that it was rather natural, perhaps, that
he should push westward, with his wife and seven
children, in 1S5J, braving the hardships of an ox-
team journey across the plains and mountains to
the Golden State. The party was six months on
the way, suffered much from sickness and experi-
enced various troubles during the latter part of
the trip; but on the first of October they arrived
in the Santa Clara Valley, and became pioneers of
Redwood township. After a year at Santa Clara,
Ira Lovell located in the autumn of 1853 upon the
homestead, in wdiat is now the Moreland district,
where he continued to reside. The land was cov-
ered with oak and chaparral, and he soon obtained
a good title to the 231 acres, although it was part
of a Mexican grant. Much earlier, in 1835, in fact,
in Kentucky, which was her native State, jMr. Lovell
was married to }iliss Ann L. Campbell, the daugh-
ter of William Campbell, just referred to. Orig-
inalh' a Henry Clay Whig, Ira Lovell became a
supporter of the Democratic party; and he also was
active in good works under the banners of the
Methodist Church, South, his good wife sharing the
pleasure of such religious and sociological endeavors.
William Campbell was one of the surveyors wdio laid
out the city of Santa Clara, and he and Mr. and Mrs.
Ira Lovell, the parents of our subject, are all buried
at Santa Clara.

Nine children were born to the worthy couple;
the eldest son, William Lovell, became a lawyer,
and was three times district attorney of Santa Clara
County. Mary is the widow of William Beauchamp
and resides in San Jose. James became a minister
of the Methodist Church, South, and died at Lom-
poc. John A. is the subject of our review. Theo-
dore, when seven years old, was drowned near
Visalia while driving cattle across a stream. Joseph
W. became a rancher and died. Maggie, who also
crossed the plains, married L. T. Cook, who lives
retired at San Jose. Hugh was born in Kentucky,
married and had one son, Farley Lovell, who re-
sides in Southern California; but he himself is now
deceased. Ella has become the wife of George L.
Beaver, the retired capitalist and father of a son and
two daughters, and they reside at Palo Alto.

John A. Lovell attended the public schools in
Kentucky and later he went to school near Campbell;
and as he grew up, he helped to farm the grain.
In 1872 he was married to Miss Eda Jackson, a
native of Santa Clara and the daughter of A. J.
and Amanda (Senter) Jackson, the former the well-
known provost-marshal in California during the Civil
War. He w-as a native of New York State, and
came out to California in pioneer days; and he built
his home here over thirty j'ears ago; and for twelve
years he served as constable, marshal and deputy
sheriff. Two children blessed this union: Bertha
became Mrs. F. A. Alderman and is now a widow,
with a son, Alton, fourteen years old; and Alice is
the wife of Arthur Langford, and resides at San

Jose. In national political affairs, Mr. Lovell was
a Democrat; but he always gave his loyal and enthu-
siastic support to whatever was best for the com-
munity. He passed away on September 5, 1921,
mourned by his family and many friends.

JOAQUIN J. SILVEIRA.— Dairying has as-
sumed an important place among the industries
which are contributing to the development and up-
building of Santa Clara County and among those
wdio have made it a close study is numbered Joaquin
J. Silveira, the owner of two valuable dairy farms,
which in their equipment and operation are the ex-
pression of the latest scientific research along this
line. He was born on the island of St. George in the
Azores, July 10, 1865, a son of Antonio and Marie
(Encarnacion) Silveira. The father successfully fol-
lowed farming and stockraising and passed away
at the age of seventy-two, while his wife reached
the age of sixty-eight years. In their family were
five sons and two daughters, of whom the subject
of this review was the third son. His oldest brother,
Antonio Silveira, was a sea captain and his demise
occurred in Brazil. The next son preceded Joaquin
J. Silveira to Santa Clara County, where he still
makes his home.

When eighteen years of age Mr. Silveira arrived
in Boston, Mass., where he remained for six weeks,
and then made his way across the continent to Marin
County, Cal., to join an older brother. He obtaineQ
employment in a dairy and for a year was thus
occupied, wdien he went to Monterey County, where
he obtained similar work. At the end of a year
he removed to San Benito County, where he resided
for twelve years, and then went to Stanislaus County,
purchasing a farm of 117 acres near Newman. Upon
this place he conducted a dairy for six years and
is still its owner. He next came to Santa Clara
County and in September, 1906, bought his pres-
ent farm of eighty-two and a half acres on the
Lawrence Road. He has made many improve-
ments on the property, greatly enhancing its value,
and is operating a modern, well equipped dairy,
keeping for this purpose high-grade Holsteins, now
having 48 milch cows, he has had broad experience
along this line and his specialized knowdedge of
dairying has been the chief factor in his present suc-
cess. He also has financial interests, being a stock-
holder in the Portuguese-American Bank at San
Francisco, and he is likewise president of the Portu-
guese Dairy & Land Company of San Francisco.

Mr. Silveira was married at San Juan, in San
Benito County, when twenty-seven years of age,
to Miss Mariana Nascimento and they have become
the parents of ten children; Mary, the wife of
Joseph Borbas, a rancher of Sunnyvale; Antonio;
Mariana, the wdfe of Frank Dutra, who is conduct-
ing a dairy farm in the Brady district, keeping a
herd of sixty cows; Florence, wife of M. S. Simas
of San Francisco; Willie, Annie, Ernestine and
Arthur, Clara, who died at the age of five years,
and Johnny. Mr. Silveria gives his political alle-
giance to the Republican party and is a member
of the I. D. E. S. at Santa Clara, the U. P. E. C.
at Sunnyvale, of which he is president, and has
also been a director of the S. E. S. at Santa Clara.
His life record illustrates the power of honesty and
diligence in insuring success. His labors have al-

628

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ways been constructive and intelligently carried for-
ward and have resulted in placing him in the front
rank of the progressive dairymen of this section of
Santa Clara County.

MRS. ELIZABETH MacLEOD.— Many lives have
entered into the development of the state of Cali-
fornia and none of them are more worthy to be con-
sidered in a history devoted to the early days than
Mrs. Elizabeth MacLeod, who is numbered among the
most successful horticulturists of Santa Clara County.
She was born at New Monkland, Lanarkshire. Scot-
land, October 14. 1848, and was the daughter of John
and Elizabeth (Spears) McAllister. The father, who
was superintendent of engines in the coal mines
there, passed away at the age of thirty-seven, Mrs.
MacAUister passing away at her home in Scotland
at the age of ninety, having reared a family of nine
children. The third oldest of the family, Elizabeth
McAllister attended the local schools until her father's
deatli, when she was twelve 3'ears old, and as her
two older sisters had gone into business for them-
selves she naturally became her mother's mainstay,
assisting on the farm and helping to care for the
younger children. Fond of horses, she was in her
element when she had the reins in her hands, and
thus she came to do every kind of farm work pro-
ficienth'. When twenty years old she was married
to Edward MacLeod, a native of Dumfriesshire, Scot-
land. He was a stationary engineer and was so oc-
cupied in his native land until 187L and feeling there
would be better opportunities in America, he crossed
the ocean and located at Summerville, Contra Costa
County, where he worked as engineer in the mines.
In 1872 Mrs. Macl^eod, with her two children, joined
her husband, and after spending some time at Sum-
merville, she came to Santa Clara County. She first
purchased a place near the San Tomas schoolhouse,
and after two years, disposed of it and pnrchased
fifty acres in the Cupertino district, where she now
resides. When she began improving her place she
had very little means and it was a hard stru.ggle.
Energetic and with a brave heart, she set out the
orchards; she had good credit at the Farmers Union
and at the Bank of San Jose, and she says she will
never forget their kindness. This credit enabled her
to carry on the improvements and build up her place
until she could get ahead and pay back the indebted-
ness on it. A woman of great capability, she drove a
six-horse team herself in the fields, so the work never
failed to go on. although she had to do much of it.
Mrs. MacLeod's property is set principally to
prunes and her orchards are amon.g the finest in the
localitj'. They have been given the liest of care and
she is now enjoying a splendid income from them.
She also was the owner of a forty-acre orchard at
Millikens Corners Avhich she disposed of at a good
profit, anfl then l)Ought a place of thirty-five acres
across the hi.glnvay from her home, which she later
sold to her daughter and son-in-law: she has also
owned various other properties and has always given
them her personal superintendence, so that they were
well eared for. Mrs. MacLeod is a stockholder in the
Farmers Union and for some years was a trustee
of the Doyle school district. ,She is an enthusiastic
member of the California Prune & .\pricot Growers.
Inc., and was one of the first to take stock in this
enterprise which she assisted in organizin.g. Tn 1901
she made a trip back to Scotland where she had a
pleasant time, visiting her relatives anfl friends, and

on her return to New York she made arrangements
with commission merchants to ship prunes to them
and for the next three years she was engaged in buy-
ing and shipping them, with good success.

Mr. and Mrs. MacLeod were the parents of four
children: James, who was born in Scotland, passed
away at the age of thirty-two; Elizabeth, also born
in Scotland, is an artist of ability and assists her
mother in presiding over the home; Winifred is the
wife of A. Schoenheit and they have one child, Helen
Mar; John MacLeod died in infancy. Mrs. Mac-
Leod is an active member of the Presbyterian Church,
and takes a great interest in the uplift of the com-
munity in which she lives. She is a woman of re-
markable business acumen, and has demonstrated her
ability in the operation of her orchards and the hand-
ling of her financial affairs in a most satisfactory
way. so that she is a leader among the horticulturists
of the valley. Well read and experienced, she is a
very interesting woman, being well informed and an
agrcealde conversationalist.

EDITH LEACH TALBERT,— Popular among
the successful members of the pedagogical fraternity
at San Jose is Mrs. Edith IjCach Talbert, of the
Lowell School, who was born at Geneseo, Henry
County, 111., the daughter of William Leach, a
native of Massachusetts, who married Miss Anna H.
Llake, like himself a descendant of the sons and
dau.ghters of the American Revolution. Miss Blake,
in fact, was born at Taunton, and in that town alone
she had twenty-three cousins bearing such well-
known down-east names as Blake, Hathaway and
Palmer.

When a young man, William Leach came West
to Illinois, and when his daughter Edith was a
mere girl he moved on to Kansas where, as a mill-
wright, lie had the record of installing and starting
nine mills at such places as Benton, Halstead and
Perryville. He made a specialty of flour mills and
elevators, and lived to be eighty-four years of age.
He and his good wife had six children, among whom
our subject is the youngest, and four of the family
are still living.

When B:dith Leach was still in her teens, her
father came out to Santa Clara County and^ settled
at San Jose; soon after he retired from active life.
She attended the various grades of the San Jose
schools, and was a graduate of the State Normal
School ill the class of '92. She then taught for ten
vcar^ in Santa Clara County, most of the time in
the Willow Glen district. On June 25, 1902, she
was married at San Jose to Franklin Lilburn Tal-
bert. a native of Iowa, and to this union were born
two promising children, Edith Blake and Ernest
William Talbert, both of whom are students at the
San lose high school. In 1913 Mrs. Talbert resumed
teaching, for which she had such natural aptitude
and such an exceptional training, and for a year
was engaged in grammar school work at Los Gates.
She then came "to the Hester school and taught
there for a number of terms and ever since she has
been a valuable and esteemed member of the staff of
the Lowell Scliool at San Jose, one of the best
institutions of its grade in all California.

Mrs. Talbert, who is a member of the Eastern
Star, makes her home with her sister. Miss Annie
A. Leach, whose early education was almost identi-
cal with her own. Also a native of Illinois^ she
attended a business college at Lawrence, K^iis..

)^i^^^ie/^/^ //://,^z^'

<r^

HISTORY OF SANTA Cf.ARA COUNTY

629

but she never followed a busii\ess career. She is a
gifted painter, a student of the artist Culp at San
Francisco, and she has lieeonie noted lor her china
decorating". After the death of her mother, who
passed away at the age of seventy-eight. Miss Leach
cared for her father, who died at the age of eighty-
fonr; since then she has maintained the family
home, where she continues her art work.

WILBUR LEE CAMP,— Occupying a position
of prominence among Hie most influential citizens
of Mountain View is ^^'ilbur Lee Camp, the et^hcient
and capable president of the Farmers and Mer-
chants National Bank. A native of Iowa, he was
born at Swan, lilarion County, February 25, 1876.
His father, Jacob H., was a native of Pennsylvania
and was an old-time school teacher and farmer.
He removed to Ohio and thence to Iowa in 1851
where he married Miss Martha Smith, and they
were the parents of six children, the subject of this
sketch being the youngest. The father passed away
when A\'ilbur L. was a small lad of eight years, but
the mother still lives in Iowa in the old home town.

Mr. Camp attended the public schools and later
Highland Park College, where he took the regular
four years' course, completing two courses, the busi-
ness course and the college course. He then entered
the Northwestern University law school at Evans-
ton, 111., but before finishing he entered the rail-
wav mail service. In April, 1898, he enlisted for
service in the Spanish-American War and was
stationed in the Philippine Islands for a year and
a half. He enlisted from Knoxville, Iowa, in Company
D, Fifty-first Iowa Volunteer Infantry, his regiment
being assigned to the Eighth Army Corps and was
sent on the transport Pennsylvania to Manila.
During his stay in the Philippine Islands his com-
pany saw- active service in putting down the Philip-
pine insurrection and took part in the battles of San
Roque, Pasai, Malolos, East and West Puhlan, San
Tomas, San Fernando and several other engage-
ments. Returning to San Francisco on the trans-
port Senator he was honorably discharged in Novem-
ber, 1899, with the rank of corporal. On his return
to Iowa he again entered the railway mail service
and was employed on the fast mail train on the
Burlington route running between Chicago and
Omaha and continued in this service until 1905 when
he resigned to come to California. On his arrival
he traveled throughout the state looking for a suit-
able location in which to permanently settle, and
finally decided on Mountain View as being the most
desirable. Here he met J. S. Mockbee, an old-time
settler and one of its foremost and wealthiest citi-
zens; the acquaintance grew into friendship and soon
developed into a business association and the
Farmers and Merchants National Bank was
organized and incorporated with a paid-up capital
of $25,000, Mr, Mockbee becoming president and
Mr. Camp cashier, serving in this capacity until
1918, when Mr. Mockbee resigned the presidency
on account of impaired eyesight and Mr. Camp was
unanimously elected to fill this important position,
the duties of which he has handled to the satisfaction
of all concerned.

The marriage of Mr. Camp occurred in Los
Angeles and united him with Miss Elizabeth Burns,
the daughter of R. V. Burns, a prominent attorney
who had practiced his profession for twenty years

in Mountain View. He jjassed away in 1918, and
the mother still makes her home in Mountain View.
Mr. and Mrs. Camp .are the parents of three chil-
dren. Virginia, Anna Lee and Reynolds, and the
faiiiil\' rt'sides in a modern, up-to-date residence
built in 1908 tm Mariposa Avenue. Fraternally Mr.
Camp is a Mason and belongs to Mountain View
lodge No. 194, F. cK: A. M.; he is also a member of
the (Jdd Fellows and the Woodmen of the World,
and was a member of the Spanish-American War
Veterans in Burlington, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Camp
are active and prominent members of the Presby-
terian Church, in wdiich he is serving as a member of
the board of trustees. Mrs. Camp is a finished
violinist and organist, presidin.g at the organ of the
First I'rcsbyterian Church, FJuring the World War
Mr. Cam|) served as chairman on the war work and
liberty loan committees and throu,gh his energetic
work Mountain \'ie\v went over the top in all the
drives. He owns a splendid eighty-acre farm near
Mountain View of \\-hich thirty acres is in Bartlett
pears and fifty acres in garden truck. His efi^orts
have ever been along constructive lines and he has
occupied a position of leadership, others being glad
to follow the course that he points out, and he
takes much pride in the particular locality wdiich he
selected for his permanent place of residence.

CHARLES F. LIETZ.— A business man to whom
must be credited much of the prosperity for wdiich
Santa Clara and vicinity has long been noted, and
wdiose operations have spelt success to others as
well, is Charles F. Lictz, the afiable and popular
inanager of the Santa Clara branch of Rosenberg
Bros. & Company, wdiolesale dealers in and packers
of dried fruits and nuts, at Santa Clara. Flis hard
and conscientious work, and his faithful, painstaking
attention to the wants of each and every patron,
have enabled him to rise in the service of this well
known and highly successful firm.

Mr. Lietz was born at Chicago on July 17, 1886,
and having come to California, settled at San Jose,
in 1903. He had received the best of public school
advantages in the city by the lake, and had had the
advantage of office experience with the B. F. Cum-
mins Company, manufacturers of perforating ma-
chines, in that city; and on resuming work here, he
became a bookkeeper. His marriage united him
with Miss Mabel Weight, a native of Iowa, and they
have two children: Harold and Laura. The happy-
family reside at 32 Lenzen Avenue, San Jose, and are
justly popular as nei.ghbors fond of dispensing a
hearty hospitality. Mr. Lietz belongs at present to
San jose Lodge No. 10, F. & A. M.

I,ike the other members of his family, Mr. Lietz
holds the friends he makes, and forms friendships
and friendly associations rapidly; and he has done
much to further expand the gigantic operations of
Messrs. Rosenberg Bros. & Company, undoubtedly
the largest independent dried fruit firm in California.
They have a very large establishment at Santa Clara,
with tracks for switching to and from the Southern
Pacific; and have a gigantic plant in Fresno and in
many of the other largest fruit producing sections
in California. All in all, theirs is an institution in
the highest degree creditable to California, serving
the public w-ell, appreciating its employees, and being
in turn appreciated by both those employed and the
public that patronizes.

630

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

CHARLES D. BEVERSON— Californians delight
to honor the intrepid and far-seeing pioneer, whose
courage, ambition and progressive industry have
made possible so many of the blessings of today,
having paved the way for those who were to come
after; and among such worthy early settlers the name
of the late Charles D. Beverson will find an enviable
place As has already been said of him, his career
was remarkable, for he began the battle of life at an
early age in a foreign country, and without capital
worked his wav gradually and steadily into the
foreground until he easily ranked among the most
prosperous and successful stock raisers and truit
growers m Santa Clara County, where he had lived
since the late '6Us.

^Ir Beverson was born at Bremen, Germany, on
April 10 1850, the son of Clause and Mata (Jus-
ton) Beverson, natives of the same locality, where
thev passed all their days. His father had a farm
of 100 acres, rather large for that time and section,
and b- following agricultural pursuits supported his
tamilv of five children. The fourth child ol the
famib' Charles, had only a common school educa-
tion 'and al the age of fourteen left his home ant
crossed the Atlantic, and m r-.ew York he louncl
cu. h tmplovment for thrte years as enable.! him to
support himself. Having heard much of Cahforiiia,
however, he set out for the Pacific Coast m lh07,
tro-sing bv way of the Nicaraguan route, and final-
Iv reached' the Golden Gate. He went into the ban
loaMuin River district for a while and spent^ the
first" -cason near Alice. Then he come to banta
Clara County and took up a claim of 160 acres
twenty-three miles east of Milpitas, where with .ccen
foresight he began to raise cattle. He succeeded
from the ■ first and little by little made additiona
purchases, and thus came to own a fine jrajich o
■^ 000 acres in that locality, and to keep 300 head ot
choice cattle and a number of horses. He also owned
some eightv-six acres devoted to dairying at Laguna,
where he milked twenty-five cows and made a hne
grade of butter. « u- f t

Mr Beverson was twice married. At his tirst
wedding he became the husband of Mrs. Jennie L.
(Gallea) Williams, a daughter of Hiram D. and
Amanda (Kennedy) Gallea, the former a native ot
New York, the latter born in Ohio, both of bcotch
origin and thev were the parents of seven chddren;
Betsy Mrs Bancroft, died in Montana; Mrs. Helen
Simpkins died m Michigan; Statira, Mrs. Harrison,
died in Michigan; Mrs. Jennie L. Beverson died in
California; Ohve, the present Mrs. Beverson; Mrs.
Orsie M. Ross of Michigan; Ebert died at the age
of six months. Hiram D. Gallea engaged in farm-
ing and stock raising at Belvidere, 111., for five years,
and while there raised a yoke of wdiite oxen that
were a dead match, and which took the blue rib-
bon at every fair they ^vere exhibited. Wishing to
locate in Allegan County, Mich., he drove this span
of oxen through to his destination, where he set-
tled upon Government land, living there until his
death at the age of sixty-seven, Mrs. Gallea passing
away the same year, having reached her sixty-fifth
year. Both were devout members of the Baptist
Church. Mrs. Jennie L. Beverson first saw the light
at Chagrin Falls, Ohio, and when she passed away
on the home ranch in Santa Clara County she was
the mother of two surviving children: Robert L.
Williams, always called Bob Beverson, was educated
at the San Jose high school and Stanford University,
and is now a popular young business man, engaged
in the automobile trade at San Jose; Meta Ruth Bev-

erson, a graduate of the San Jose State Normal and
a member of the State Teachers' Association, is
teaching the Orchard School. Mr. Beverson's sec-
ond marriage united him with Miss Olive S. Gallea,
a sister of Mrs. Beverson; she was also a native
of Chagrin Falls, Ohio, but was reared at Wat-
son, Mich. Since her husband's death, on July 17,
1921, she has continued to live at the home place on
the San Jose-Oakland Highway, devoted to his mem-
ory and looking after the large interests left by her
husband and carrying out his- plans and ambitions. In
her earlier years she was engaged in educational
work, teaching school in Michigan, so she is natur-
ally much interested in the career of her daughter.
Miss Meta Beverson. Having been reared in an
atmosphere of culture and refinement, she emanates
an influence for good, and her stand for high ideals
and morals is well known. Her patriotic zeal dur-
ing the World War was helpful in the various war
drives, and especially in the local chapter of the
Red Cross, of which she was president. Of a pleas-
ing personality, she is well known and much es-
teemed, and her influence has been felt in her ac-
tivity in social and civic circles.

A Republican in politics, Mr. Beverson was broad-
minded in local affairs and served as a nonpartisan
school trustee up to 1909. He was a charter member
of the Fraternal Brotherhood and at the time of his
death had been a member of that order for twenty-
one years. Mr. Beverson always attributed most
of his financial success in life to the devoted as-
sistance of his wife, who capably looked after the
financial end of his large business, thus making it pos-
sible for him to devote all his time to stock raising
and the improvement of his lands. A man of great
energy, he was never idle and was active in his busi-
ness affairs until a week before his passing away.

ROBERT A. FATJC— An interesting representa-
tive of an early Santa Clara family is Robert A.
Fatjo, the affable manager of the Santa Clara Branch
of the Bank of Italy. He is a son of the pioneer,
Anton V. Fatjo, once a director of the old Santa
Clara Valley Bank at Santa Clara, which was later
absorbed by the Bank of Italy. He was town treas-
urer for many years, and at his demise, in 1917, our
subject succeeded him as city treasurer. He came
to Santa Clara from Chile, South America, where
he was born, and as he grew up here, he entered
heartily into the building up and the upbuilding of
both the city and county; and being public-spirited,
and in no wise a politician, he gave his salary as
city treasurer to the Library, the Woman's Club,
the Chamber of Commerce and the fireinen of Santa
Clara, and his son, Robert, is a chip off the old
block, and does likewise.

The Fatjo family tree goes back to Barcelona, in
Catalonia, Spain, and to the thirteenth century, and
although many of them have since figured as mer-
chants and bankers, our subject's ancestors were for
the most part orchardists, viticulturists, agriculturists
and dairy farmers. Grandfather Anton Fatjo was
born in Spain, where he attended the Spanish schools
until he was fourteen, when he began to prepare
for the priesthood; but owing to his ill-health, it
was determined to send him to Chile with a friend
of the family, a merchant well acquainted there,
and thus he rose to be a merchant himself, dealing in
drygoods, and to marry Miss Marians Salcedo, a
Chilean lady. In time they made a trip to Spain.

^

^

HISTORY OF SANTA C[,ARA COUNTY

633

and while they were there, their youngest ciiild,
Luis M. Fatjo, was born. They had five cliihh'en,
and the second in the order of birth was Anton
Fatjo, Robert A. Fatjo's father.

In 1849, Grandfather Fatjo came North from Chile
to Cahfornia. and at San Francisco he engaged in
wholesaling general merchandise, and he also estab-
lislied a retail store at Santa Clara, being one of
the first extensive merchants here. He also started
the first tannery in Santa Clara, the Eberhart Tan-
ning Company, being its successor. He died in
Santa Clara at the age of seventy-three, mourned as
one of the truly "first citizens" of town and county.

Anton V. Fatjo, the father of our subject, mar-
ried Mrs. Refugio (Malarin) Spence, a native of
Monterey, a gifted and attractive woman who made
many friends and was greatly missed when she
died at Santa Clara in 1910. These good parents
had two boys and a girl; Robert A., our subject,
being tlie eldest, while the others arc named Del-
phine and Eugene.

Robert A. Fatjo was born at Santa Clara on
December 13. 1876, and was educated at Santa Clara
College. After this he took his place in the Santa
Clara real estate office of Fatjo & Lovell, when his
father went into banking; and later, in 1910, he
organized the Mission Bank and was its president
until 1917, when it was sold to the Bank of Italy.
Since then, he has been the manager of the Santa
Clara branch of the latter bank. He is also the
vice-president of the Santa Clara Building and Loan
Association, in wdiich his father was treasurer, and
he is a director in the Santa Clara Chamber of Com-
merce. In national politics a Republican, he is ever
ready to "boost" the locality in which he lives.

At Santa Clara, in 1902, Mr. Fatjo was married to
Miss Teresa Farry, who was born and reared in that
place; and their union has been blessed with the
birth of two children, — Mary Teresa and Robert
A. Jr. The family are members of St. Claire's
Catholic Church at Santa Clara while Mr. Fatjo is
a charter member of San Jose Council, Knights of
Columbus, and is also a member of Santa Clara
Parlor, N. S. G. W.

LOUIS LIEBER. — A man of artistic tastes and
an able craftsman, Louis Lieber is easily recognized
as the veteran commercial artist of San Jose. His
business is conducted under the name of Lieber
Signs and is located at 63 South Second Street. A
native of Illinois, Mr. Lieber was born at Rock
Island, on September 26, 1862, the youngest child
in a family of three children. At the age of eleven
he was brought to California by his father, who left
him with an uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. A. Gerst-
mayr, early residents of San Jose, and by them he
was reared. He attended the public school until
he was thirteen and then was apprenticed to a car-
riage painter, remaining a little over two years, when
he went to learn the trade of sign painter with D.
Rinaldo, at that time the best of workmen in his
line in the state. At these two trades he served
about . seven years and then, at the age of twenty,
he went East and worked in several of the larger
cities for about a year, coming back to San Jose
to embark in business for himself and since then has
built up and carried on a large business.

Though the earlier years of his existence was
somewhat of a struggle, yet Mr. Lieber has always

chosen his associates among tlie best element of
tlie city. He is a close friend of Eugene T. Sawyer,
the historian of this \York, whose literary and dra-
matic aliility he greatly admires. Mr. Lieber be-
lieves that practice makes perfect and his decided
talent for sign painting was developed until he be-
came very jiroficient in it. He has now been en-
gaged in this work for himself for thirty-eight years
and docs work for the leading commercial houses
and professional men in San Jose and also in that
vicinity. He takes great pride in the achievements
of San Jose and is a member of the Chamber of
Commerce. In the early daj'S he took part in many
amateur theatrical performances staged in San Jose.
Lie has many warm friends among the old-time resi-
dents and business people in San Jose who appreciate
his talent and many sterling characteristics.

WILLIAM L. PITTS.— A pioneer family whose
paternal and maternal branches both reach back to
historic periods and touch some of the earliest and
most interesting families long identified with Cali-
fornia is well represented by William L. Fitts, the
plumbing contractor of 51 West St. John Street, San
Jose, who was born in Santa Clara, June 25, 1865.
His father, William b^itts. came to California by
way of the Isthmus in 1852 and married Dolores
Pinedo, a member of a well-known Spanish family,
who was educated at Notre Dame College. The
old Pinedo estate at Santa Clara, recently sold by
the family was a Pinedo possession for a hundred
years. Our subject's Grandfather Pinedo was a mer-
chant tailor at Santa Clara in the early days and
his great-grandmother was a Berryessa.

William Fitts, Sr., ran a bus between San Jose
and Santa Clara before the era of horse cars, and
when they were built, he went to work for the car
company. Then for six or seven years he was town
marshal of Santa Clara, and when he removed to
San Jose in 1881, he was appointed jailer under
Sheriff W'illiams. After his term of four years he
entered the employ of the horse-car line as superin-
tendent, continuing about ten years until it was
changed to an electric line. He then was employed
by the city until his death, March 14, 1916,
aged almost eighty years. His wife had preceded
him in 1910. Eight daughters and three sons were
born to this worthy couple and William L. was the
eldest; Laura is Mrs. George Pollard, the wife of the
assistant manager of the gas company; Charles,
Lena, Carmelita, Ida and Minnie; Grace is Mrs.
Sherburne; three of the children died.

William L. Fitts attended the primary department
of the College of the Pacific and then completed the
grammar schools; when si.xteen years old he went
to work at the plumbing business, joining John Cor-
coran on January 23, 1882, and serving a three-year
apprenticeship. Then he entered the service of John
Stock and was with him for three years, and in
1890 opened a shop for himself. For thirty years
or more his well-known plumbing and repair head-
cjuarters were at 107 North First Street, but he is
now comfortably established at 51 West St. John
Street, where two of his sons are associated with
him; thus he has followed plumbing in San Jose for
forty years.

At San Jose, January 1, 1889, Mr. Fitts was mar-
ried to Miss Katie Eyselee, a native of Gilroy, Cal.,
the daughter of Albert and Sarah (Plass) Eyselee.

634

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

the father one of the early-timers at that place,
having come from New York. Six children have
been born to Mr. and Mr.s. Fitts; William is a
plumber, working with his father; Emery is an auto
trimmer; Walter is also in business with his father;
Dolores is Mrs. Walker; Katherine is head nurse
at the State Hospital at San Francisco, and the
youngest is Evelyn. Mr. Fitts belongs to the Red
Men and the Eagles at San Jose.

AMOS LESTER.— The life record of an honor-
able and upright citizen and an industrious and suc-
cessful agriculturist and horticulturist is illustrated
in the career of Amos Eester, prominent among the
pioneer residents of Santa Clara Valley. Linked
with the early history of Ledyard, New London
County, Conn., records chronicle the arrival of the
I^ester family there at almost the same time as the
LedA'ards, for A\hom the town was named; the bear-
ers of the name of Lester reflected credit on the
family through their patriotic service during the War
of the Revolution. Grandfather Amos Lester, for
whom the subject of this sketch was named, was
probably born at Ledyard, and died there in 1842,
at the age of sixty-six. Much of his life was spent
at the old homestead, which housed three genera-
tions of the family. There his son, Isaac Lester, was
born on March 4, 1810, and there Amos Lester, the
son of Isaac, first saw the light on December 3, 1839.
Isaac Lester married Mary Chapman, born March
12, 1815, also a member of an old Colonial fam-
ily of New London County, and the daughter of
Ichabod Chapman, a prosperous farmer there, and
two daughters and nine sons were born to them.

The eldest child in the family of Isaac Lester.
Amos Lester grew up at the old home place, at-
tending tlie public schools there, and then attend-
ing the New Britain Normal School for two terms,
after which he taught school for a time, receiving
a salary of fourteen dollars a month, boarding around
with the parents of the dilTerent pupils, as was the
custom at that time. In 1861 he came to California
via Panama and located on a ranch in Napa County;
he was accompanied by his brother Nathan L., their
combined capital being less than a hundred dollars.
He worked out until 1864, when the two brothers
leased land and engaged in wheat grov/ing, meet-
ing with success, so that by 1866, Mr. Lester had
accumulated $7500, so he decided to return to his Con-
necticut home, making the trip by way of the Nicar-
agua route. He soon established himself at Nor-
wich, Conn., and on May 28, 1868, he was united
in marriage with Miss Carrie G. Spicer, who was
born at Ledyard, on May 28, 1850, one of eight chil-
dren born to Judge Edmund and Bethiah W. (Avery)
.Spicer. Judge Spicer, who was born at Ledyard in
1812, was a man of prominence in his day, serv-
ing as probate judge of his native town for fifteen
years and was also a member of the Connecticut
Legislature. He passed away in 1890, while Mrs.
Spicer, who was, born m 1817, had preceded him to the
Great Beyond in March, 1886.

Mr. Lester continued in business in Connecticut un-
til 1869, when California again called him. Making
the trip by way of Panama, he settled at Pinole,
where for two years he engaged in grain farming,
returning to his native state by rail on this occasion.
There he resumed farming on his place near Norwich
and served as selectman of Ledyard. In 1890 he

again came West, this time accompanied by his wife
and four children, and after spending a year near
San Jose, he took up his home on the ranch four
miles southeast of Gilroy that was for so many years
the family home. Here he purchased 463 acres of
land, and this was brought to a high state of culti-
vation under his efiicient and painstaking care. A
number of acres were planted to fruit trees, and
thorough in this as in all his work, Mr. Lester made
an extensive study of horticulture, mastering the lat-
est scientific methods of his time and applying them
in a practical way to his problems as they arose.
He also took his place in the business and financial
life of California and was a member of the board of
directors of the Napa Bank.

Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Les-
ter, three of whom passed away in Connecticut: Mary
Carrie at the age of sixteen, Amos Everett when
twelve, and an infant son. Those now living are
Henr\- W., a prominent orchardist of Edenvale, he
married bethel Cottle and they have a daughter, Edith
iithel; Charles C. married Henrietta Fieri, and is
a lar.ge orchardist at Gilroy; John S., an orchardist
at Rucker, married Viola Nichols; Minnie is the wife
of Charles J. Clark and they have two sons, Charles
L. and Everett Spicer, and reside in San Jose; Mil-
ton married Norine Davis and they have a daughter,
Florence; he is also an orchardist and resides at San
Jose. Wishing to retire from active business life.
Mr. Lester sold his ranch to his son, Charles C,
and with his wife makes his home with his daugh-
ter, Mrs. Clark, on Minnesota Avenue, San Jose,
where they live in comfortable retirement. Mrs.
Carrie Spicer Lester was reared in an atmosphere of
culture and refinement in the New England home
of her parents at Ledyard, Conn., and there she also
learned the habits of thrift and economy. The benefi-
cent influence of her early training she carried with
her to her western home, thus capably guiding the
education and training of her children. A woman of
much business acumen, she has materially aided her
husband and encouraged him in his ambitions, as-
sisting him to make a success of all his affairs, so
now in the afternoon of their life they are enjoy-
ing the fruits of a well-spent life and are honored
and esteemed by everj'one who knows them. Mr.
and Mrs. Lester are both consistent Republicans and
throughout their life have been identified with the
Presbyterian Church, of which Mr. Lester was for
many years an elder.

OSCAR E. GLANS.— A native-born citizen of
California, and a son of Olaf S. Glans, a pioneer of
the early '70s, a native of Sweden. Oscar E. Glans
has always taken great interest in the welfare of the
state, and by his industry and strict attention to
business has succeeded in his chosen life work. He
was born in San Jose April 29, 1885, where his boy-
hood was spent and where he received his education
in the public schools, supplementing this with a
course at the Alexander Hamilton Institute of New
York City. His life has been spent in learning
various lines, first working as a cigar maker for
five years, then in a bakery for one year; then he
became a cobbler. In this line of work he soon
became very efficient, becoming an expert operator
on shoe-repairing machinerjf. He then entered the
employ of J. E. Stuart, one of San Jose's leading
shoe dealers, and worked as shoe repairman for one

-^

HISTORY Ol' SANTA CI.AR.V COUNTV

6,37

vfar. For the next ten >ears lie weiiked as sales-
man with this firm. In Jul}-, I'^'Li. he began working
for Walter l!rode>-, owner and proprietor of the
Walk-Over Lloot Shop, anil in one year was ad-
vanced to the positiem of nianai^er, \\here he h,'is
remained np to the present time.

Mr. Glans' marriage occurred in June, 1911, and
united him with Miss Josephine I'eterson, a daugh-
ter of J. M. Peterson, a pioneer of Santa Clara
County, now deceased. They are the parents of two
children, Florence and Eugene. The family are
active and prominent memhors of the Immanuel
Swedish Lutheran Church; Mr. Glans serving on
the board of trustees and ^Irs. Glans being active in
musical lines. ^Ir. (_dans is identified \\'itli the
Chamber of Commerce and the Alerchants Asso-
ciation, and of Observatory Parlor No. 177, N. S.
G. \\". Personall_\' he is a man of culture, with busi-
ness ability, energy and earnestness of purpose, and
has made his presence felt in the community wdiicli
has numbered him among its citizens since his birth.

JAMES MURRIN.— A retired merchant whose
years of strenuous, fruitful activity well merited a
comfortable competency and rest, is James Murrin
of 795 South Ninth Street. San Jose, which city he
has seen grow from a very small place, and wdiere
he was born, on September 7. 1858, on Third Street
near the present site of the Jewish S3'na,goguc. His
parents were }ilichael and Ann (Cogan) Murrin, and
they were natives of County Sligo, Ireland, wdio
came to Xew York when they were young. Michael
>.Iurrin continued in that metropolis until 1855.
working as a laborer, and on coming to California,
by way of Panama, he stopped for a short time at
Oakland. The city did not appeal to him, however,
and so he proceeded on to San Jose. For two or
three years he continued to work for wages, and
then he went in for landscape gardening, in which
field he did very well. This sturdy' pioneer, wdio died
in 1915 respected of all men, lived to be ninety years
old. although his good wife, also beloved by those
who knew her well, reached only her seventy-sixth
3"ear. They had a family of seven children of wdiom
James was the fifth.

Growing up in San Jose, the lad enjoyed only a
brief grammar school training, and few additional
favorable opportunities, and \vhen eighteen years old
he started to naake his own way in the \\orld. He
worked for ten years in the store of James Hart,
the grocer who was called the Coffee King, and then
he opened a grocer}^ for himself, on Keyes Street
in San Jose, and for twenty-five years engaged in
business at that stand. Then he sold out and retired
from active life. Except for a short time in San
Francisco. Mr. Murrin has spent all of his life in San
Jose, and it is natural that he should look backw^ard
and forward with peculiar interest.

At San Francisco on August 30. in 1885. Mr. Mur-
rin was married to Miss Mary Devitt. a native of
that city and the daughter of Frank and Katherine
(Meehan) Devitt, early California settlers, her father
having been a very successful merchant in the Bay
City. She was educated in Presentation Convent in
San Francisco. One son, Frank J. Murrin. was the
pride of our, subject and his wife. He had been a
dealer in Goodyear tires for four years when the
war broke out, and October 1, 1918, he entered the
army and was sent to Fort McDowell as a clerk.

There he w;is taken sick with th,' influenza, and on
(X-tober 18, l')l,S, he died at the government hos-
pital, a severe blow to the parents as well as to all
his friends. Mr. Murrin is now among the oldest resi-
dents (if his town and .at one time knew almost every
man .and wi.man wdm canu; to town.

JOHN C. F. STAGG.-Among the men who have
contributed the greater part of their lives toward
the upbuilding of California mention must be made
of John C. F. Stagg, who for nearly half a century
has been an important factor in the commerciai,
Imancial and political status of the county of Santa
Clara. FIc was born June 1, 186.\ at Du Quoin, III.,
a son of Rev. I. M. and Marial (Thomas) Stagg, the
father, a native of New Jersey, while the mother
was born and reared in ilichigan. They were the
parents of ten children. The Rev. Stagg was a
noted Alethodist minister and was associated with the
lamous pioneer circuit rider, Peter Cartwright. Both
of these pioneer missionary preachers were noted
lor their courage and determination in following
their chosen line of work, and while they agreed
periectly in religious convictions they disagreed in
political afliliations. but each one of them were
equally powerful as pulpit orators. Re^■. Stagg
passed away at Du Quoin in 1875.

The paternal ancestors of Air. Stagg emigrated
from Holland 200 years ago. when three brothers
left their native land and settled in New Jersey. All
three of them were in the Revolutionary \Va'r. and
bravely fought under General Washington. ' The
maternal ancestors were of English descent, the
progenitor of the Thomas family having emigrated
to America in early colonial days; our subject's ma-
ternal great-grandfather being the famous infidel.
Thomas Paine. Mr. Stagg has two sisters living
111 San Jose at the present time; Mrs. Launtz, the
widow of Frank Launtz, an old-time scout and nur-
seryman, and Mrs. King, the widow of Wilmont
King, a railroad man.

On account of the large family, John Stagg was
obliged to leave the parental roof and make his own
way. For four years he sold newspapers, blacked
boots, and did other things for a livelihood in St.
Louis. Mo.; later going to Kansas City wdicre he
remained for a year. He then obtained employment
in the railroad service over the Denver and Rio
Grande extension through Colorado, checking and
billing freight. His education was obtained solelv
through practical experience, and was therefore the
most valuable. For a period of three years when he
«as eighteen, he was separated from his family;
meanwhile his mother with her family had removed
to California and settled at Salinas, having been
residents since 1878. The family came to San Jose
during the year of 1880. where they have continu-
ously resided, and where the mother passed awav
about 1892. Mr. Stagg was employed by J. P.
Jarman, the leading house painting contractor forty
years ago. and it was while in his emplo}- that he
thoroughly learned the painting business. For the
last twenty-five years he has conducted his own
business, and many stores and residences attest his
ability as a painter and decorator of all kinds of
structures. The Continental Paint Company, of
which he is president, carries a full line of paints,
varnishes, wall paper, roofing, \\indo«' glass and
painters' supplies, and well deserve the large

638

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

patronage which they enjoy. From eight to forty
men are employed in his business.

The marriage of !Mr. Stagg on August 16, 1897,
united him with Miss Margaret E. O'Keefe, a music
teacher, born and reared in San Francisco. They
are the parents of one child, Helen, a graduate of
the San Jose high school and of Heald's Business
College, who is now employed as stenographer and
bookkeeper in her father's store. Thoroughly hon-
orable in all his dealings, enterprising and public-
spirited, this esteemed pioneer has made and re-
tained friends all along the line of his useful life,
and he may well view with pride and satisfaction the
work he has accomplished.

JACOB LUTHER.— Numbered among the sturdy
early settlers of California who passed through the
vicissitudes and hardships of pioneer life with credit
and honor to themselves, is the late Jacob Luther,
who contributed much to the upbuilding of the Santa
Clara \'allc\- during the long years of his residence
here. He was born in Germany in 1S40, the son
of Jacob and Louise Luther, v ho lirought their
family to America when Jacob was a baby, settling
at Dclafield, Wis., where he later received a good
education in the schools of that locality. Ivirly m
life he learned the harness maker's trade at Water-
loo. Wis , and he was engaged in this line of work
until 1858, when he started on the journey to Cali-
fornia, coming liy wa\- of the Isthmus of Panama
Shortlv after his arri\al at San b'rancisco he went
to Monterey County and invested in land in Leach
Tree \"alley; these \\ere the days when Central Cali-
fornia was being jilundered by organized bands of
marauders, when neither life nor property was safe,
and one of the teamsters employed by Mr. Luther on
his ranch was killed in the holdup b>' the desperado
\'as'|uez and his gang of bandits at Paicmes, Cal.
Mr. Luther acquired about 50,000 acres of land
which was used as range for his large flocks of
sheep, retaining this until 1882, when the wdiole
tract was sold to Miller t\: Lu.x, the cattle barons of
their day, and he removed to Hollister, purchasing
180 acres in that vicinity.

On December 2'), 1870, ilr. Lutlicr was married to
Miss I'rances Green at Redwood City. A native of
Chelsea. Washtenaw County, Mich., where she was
born July 26, 1855, she came to San brancisco via
Panama with her i^arenls in 1868. Her father, John
W. Green, was born in New Jersc\' and came to
Washtenaw County', Mich., in the early days, where
he married Harriet A. Letts, a native of New ^'ork,
and for many \e;irs he was successfully enga.ged in
farming there. In 1850 he made his hrst trip to
California, crossing the plains in an ox-team train,
and for three or four years he followed mining, re-
turning home by way of I-'anama. In 1868 he
brought his wife and lour children to California,
locating in Montere\' County, wdiere he engaged in
stock raising until he retired to Hollister, p.assing
away there in 1905 at the age of ci.ghty-one, Mrs.
Green having died some years previous, when sixty-
seven years of age. Frances Green had completed
her education at Ypsilanti Seminary in Michi.gan, be-
fore coming to California, and it was while living
in Monterey County that she became acquainted with
Mr. Luther.

In 1889 Mr. Luther, with his family, removed to
Santa Clara County and purchased a tract of 123
acres on the Stevens Creek Road, halfway between
Cupertino and San Jose, and set it out to orchard,
there being sixl>'-five acres in prunes, thirty acres in
walnuts, eighteen acres in hay and the balance in
well-planned .grounds. One of the finest wells in the
district has been developed on this ranch, and is
equipped with a Byron-Jackson deep-well pump.
Mr. Luther passed away March 11, 1916, at the age
of seventy-six, his death closing a career of marked
accomplishment and usefulness. A very handsome
man, of attractive jiersonality, his integrity and sin-
cerity of purpose gave him a high place in the esteem
of all who knew him. In his religious faith he was
a Lutheran and was all his life a stanch Republican,
Air. and Mrs. Luther were the parents of four
children: Alice, Ida, Julia and Don Walter. Since
her husband's death, Mrs. Luther has continued to
make her home on the ranch, which she and the
children own and operate, and here she continues
in the same liberal way as her husband to dispense
the good old-time hospitalit}'.

• AUGUST GEOFFROY.— August Geoffroy, the
genial secretary and treasurer of the Artana-Geoffroy
Company, is makin.g a decided success of his busi-
ness ventures. This company distributes Haynes
cars, and Fageol trucks and tractors; and besides
doing expert repair work, carries a full line of auto
and truck accessories. .-V native of San Jose, he was
born June 10, 1888, the son of Dominick Geoffroy,
a native of Alsace-Lorraine, wdio passed away at
the a.ge of fift3'-eight years, on December 25, 1907.
His wife, who was Barbara Horner, was born in
Germany, coming to the United States with her
family wdien but eleven years old. Her parents
settled in I'ennsylvania, wdierc her education was
obtained in a convent. She is still living at the age
of si.xty. Thev' were the parents of seven children;
August, the subject of this review; William, vice-
president and shop superintendent of the Artana-
Geoffroy Company; George is manager of the various
properties belonging to the Geoffroy family; wdien
the call came from his country, he responded and
was sent to France; Rosalind, a graduate of Notre
Dame College in San Jose; Joseph is a stu-
dent in Santa Clara College; Margaret is a student
in tile State Normal of San Jose; one child passed
away wdiile in infancy.

Mr. Geoffroy was educated in the public schools
of San Jose, later attending the St. Joseph school
in San Jose, and the Santa Clara College. His mar-
riage united him with Miss Josephine Christensen
of San Jose, a daughter of Christ Christensen. They
are the i)arents of two children; Donald and Doro-
thy. They are consistent members of St. Joseph
Catholic Church, giving of their time and means to
the support of all church activities. Politically he is
a stanch Republican.

The Artana-Geoffroy Company, of which Mr.
Geoffrov is secretary and treasurer was incorporated
November 5, 1019, " located at 334-349 West Santa
Clara Street, San Jose, is the largest truck and trac-
tor concern on the Pacific coast. They maintain a
thoroughly equipped machine shop, with expert re-
pairmen, the business requiring the continuous serv-
ices of thirty men in the service department, and
seven salesmen are required to wait on the large

i^ y^

^*^':i

^M^-HeM^

.-^

HISTORY ()F SANTA CI.AkA COUNTY 64,^

patronage. The stcadily-growiny busiiuss owes its cliar.m- ol the musical instruction in tlie Normal

increase, in a large measure, to the strict integrity vSchool, now the Slate Teachers' College. To Miss

and careful attention to business of its proprietors. hislier, in fact, is due the credit for starting and

As a public-spirited citizen Mr. Cieotfroy has been building np that department; and she has continued

liberal in supporting objects he deems wortliy with there e\-er since, with the exception of the year

both time and money. He ciwns realty holdings in 191()-1'M7, when she attended the I'ittsburgh Univer-

both city and county, and is accmnulating a com- sity of Music and received a llachelor of Arts degree,

petency worthy of his activities. IJesides this degree, she has many other enviable

credentials, certificates and testimonials. The musi-

IDA M. FISHER.— Fortunate in a thorough

cal department of this State Teachers' College aims

artistic trammg, :vliss Ida AI. Fisher, the head of her j^., ^^^j,., teachers of music for both the grammar and

department at the State Teachers' College at San ^,,^. i^itfh schools. The course consists of harmony,

lose, has done much to advance the study and ap- ^^^^. hj^torv of music, sight-reading, piano, part sing-

preciation ot music in Cahlorma, and has thus be- „,„.^ ^,,-„^.^, training, orchestration, instrumentation,

come a woman ol exceptionally wide acquaintance oounterpoint and the theory of music,
and helpful, uplifting influence. A native daughter

proud of her association with the Colden Statt'. she EDWARD C. POWER. — ,\ very enterprising,
was born in Sacramento, a member of the lamily successful leafier of local industrial affairs, constantly
of lohn Christian and W'ilhelniina (Geiger) Fisher. breaking into new paths and pointing the way wdiere
Her father, a native of Germany, was a noted others may follow", wdio has done much to stimulate
musician, as was her mother, wdio came from the and to cultivate public art taste not only in San
Rhineland. ilr. Fisher was one of a family of eight Jose but throughout Santa Clara County, is Fdward
children, and Mrs. Fisher, of a family of five. C. Power, proprietor of "The Urn Shop." the famous
John C Fisher, on coming to the United States, headciuarters, at 578 \\'est Santa Clara Street, for
settled with his parents in \\'estern New York and architectural niodehng, cement and plaster decora-
tor awhile engaged in business before attempting tions, and .garden furniture. For half a century or
the passage of the great plains. Leaving his family. more tlie name of Power has been an honored one
he braved the danger of the continent and later Mrs. in Santa Clara County. ;ind our subject is a \vorthy
Fi.sher and their two children came to California successor of his father. Fdward Power, a native of
b>' way of the Isthmus. Mr. Fisher was emi)loycd Count>' Dublin. Ireland. When ei,ghteen, he came
as an engineer and ran between San Francisco and out to the United States and settled in Chica.go; and
Sacramento; he was a master mechanic and was one ha\"ing learned the trade of a woodcarver, he fol-
of the earlv division superintendents having charge lowed it energetically in the fast-.growing Windy
of the Sacramento to Frecport and Auburn division. City, maintaining a shop, always attractive to those
Eventually he was injured in the terrible railroad in search of artistic things, on State Street,
accident in the Tehaehepi Pass aliout 1883. wdien When the Civil War broke out. however. F^dward
the engine left the track and so man>- were fatally Power, a natural p.atriot, enlisted in the cause of the
injured. These wortln- American pioneers. iiobl\- Union as a soldier of the Xiatieth Illinois Yolunteer
representing an earlier generation to wdiom present- Infantry, popularly termed the Irish Regiment, wdiich
dav Californians owe so much, were blessed with had the honor of doing yeoman service under Gen-
six children. Anson P. Fisher lives at Canastota, eral C,rant; and during a fierce engagement, he sus-
N. Y. Minnie G. is Mrs. Wisner of San Francisco. taincd a severe leg wound — his sacrifice for a united
Annie is ^Mrs. Plummer of Bakersfield. The fourth countr_\-. After the war was over, young Power did
of the fam'ily is the subject of our review. Emeretta not return to Chicago nor did he ever see his shop
is ^Irs. Sybrandt of Selma; Fred is at Syracuse. again; but he came out to California and pitched his
iliss Ida Fisher attended the grammar and "the tent in San Francisco. He worked again at his
high school'at Folsom. and then for tw-o years pur- trade as a woodcarver. and being among the most
sued the courses of the State Normal School at San expert on the coast, he found plenty to do. He
Jose, after wdiich she taught in California. Later married Miss Ellen Barrett, a native of County
she w^ent to Boston and there for two years studied Cork. Ireland, and in San Francisco, on June 2.
music, and then for six wears she pursued her musical 1867, Fdward C. Power was born. ilr. Power came
studies at New York. Thus equipped, she had charge to San Jose as early as 1871, to do some contract
of the musical instruction in the schools at Fayette- work in his line; and the following year he first
ville and East S)'camore. N. Y.. including both the brought his family here. After a few years, he
grammar and high school grades; and wdiile she returned to San Francisco; but in 1884 he once
was teaching at Syracuse, she attended the Syracuse more settled in this city, where he made his home
University and studied piano, pipe organ and bar- until his death. December 16, 1896. ^ Many of^ the
mony. She also took private voice lessons from fine buildings erected in and around San Jose from
Thomas Ward. While at Boston, she studied at the' 1871 bore evidences of his superior craft, and he was
New^ England Conservatory of Music and for two highly esteemed by fellow industrial workers. Mrs,
years took private instruction in piano from Profes- Power also breathed her last on October 10. 18^9.
sor Charles Conant, and later graduated from the beloved as a good neighbor and a steadfast friend.
Holt School of Music in Massachusetts. Edward C. Power was educated m the excellent
In 1899, Miss Fisher came back to California and public schools of San Francisco, and when old
took charge of the music department of the Alameda enough, started to learn woodcarving; and liavm.g
schools; and for seven and a half vears she con- remarkable aptitude for designing, he soon mastered
tributed much toward raising the standards and ex- the trade under the fortunate and inspiring guidance
tending the fame of that school system. In Jan- of his father, with whom he became associated in
uary, 1907, she removed to San Jose and took business on attaining to manhood. To,gether they

644

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

filled a larpe number of varied contraets, and did
much outside ornamental work on many of the
leading public buildings, as well as the larger and
more notable private residences. Since his father's
lamented death, Mr. Power has carried on the busi-
ness alone, expanding it with the passing years. The
advent of cement and stucco work spelt the knell
of woodcarving in building, but ^Ir. Power evidenced
his real genius in becoming an expert modeler, and
noAv, through his latest art, he is able successfully
and artistically to carry out and complete any kind
of work in his held required of him, fashioning in
clay or other materials in original, direct manner,
with the most artistic feeling and perception, and
bringing out lights and shadows, just as an artist
does upon a canvas.

Xot only has }vlr. Power himself superior tech-
nique, in both designing and in drawing, but he
keeps a force of highly-trained men busy all the
time. The First National and the Garden Citj' Bank
buildings display his handiwork, as well as nearly
all the large buildings in San Jose, and the finest
residences throughout the city and the county. He
makes .garden furniture and finds a ready sale for it
all the way from San h'rancisco to San Luis Obispo;
and his shop at 578 West Santa Clara Street has
become the mecca of many art-lovers and students
aud admirers of artistic decoration. Associated with
him is his son, Eugene J. Power, who has grown
up in the \vork since he was a small boy, and who is
also an expert modeler. As a Ijusiness man, too,
Mr. Power has been very successful, and today he
stands high in the city's commercial as well as in-
dustrial circles; and he is deeply interested in the
upbuilding of both city and county, — a district "where
the greater part of his life has been passed. He has
.gained that preieniinence wdiich naturally follows
superior ability and concentrated eftort in the field
of activity where he specializes.

At San Jose, in September, 1891, Mr. Power was
married to iliss ,Mida Klinkart, the daughter oi
William and Alida Klinkart. The bride was born
in New York State and came out to California \vith
her ])arents; and as her father was a leading archi-
tect of San Jose, she enjoyed the best of educational
advanta,ges. Eleven children have blessed this union
of ilr. and ^Irs. Power. William, Charles, Dorothy
and ;Vlice are deceased. The living members of the
family are May B., the oldest child; Edw-ard I., the
second born, who is married, and is an orchardist
in the V'aca Valley, vSolano County; Eugene J., as-
sociated with his father; and Joseph, Richard, David
and Eernice, attending school.

JAMES BOYD, D. V. S.— A distinguished repre-
sentative of California veterinarians is Dr. James
Boyd, of San Jose, who was born m Pittsburgh,
Pa., on May L5, 1855, the son of David Boyd, a
farmer and stockman, of Scotch-Irish descent wdio
came to Pennsylvania when he was a boy. James
Boyd \\as trained partly in the excellent schools of
Pittsburgh, and partly in the Milit.ary Agricultural
School at Blacksburg, Va.; so that with his home
advantages, thanks largely to his mother, whose
maiden name was Jane Morrison, he was rather
well equipped, for one of his age, to cope with the
outside \\orld. Both parents died in Pennsylvania.

When he started out for himself, he went to the
Lexington region in Kentucky, and there became
interested in fine trotting stock, ' In 1880, he mi-
grated to California, bringing with him some horses
and mules, including a trotting stallion worth some
$5,000, a colt valued at $4,000, and a saddle horse
representing $1,000, together with a mare worth
.$800, and many valuable jacks. He had already
practiced as a veterinarian in Kentucky, so he had
no difficulty in establishing himself in the same pro-
fessional field in Santa Clara County, and in 1900 he
received his certificate from the San Francisco Vet-
erinary College.

He settled for a short time in Livermore, then
inirchased a farm of 100 acres near Milpitas, where
he ranched for three years. He sold it to the county,
and it is now known as the County Farm. In 1905
he founded and erected a veterinary hospital at Mil-
pitas, and in connection with the hospital he also
conducted an automobile garage. When he sold
his ranch he moved to San Jose, and during the
time he lived here he made two trips to the Hawaiian
Islands with stock. He then moved to },Iilpitas
anfl built his hospital. In 1910 he removed to San
Jose, and he has ever since then made this city his
home. F'or years he was a director of the Fair
Association wdiich was held here annually, and for
three years was manager of the track.

On October 13, 1887, Dr. Boyd was married at
San Jose to Miss Delia Castle, a native of Amador
County, Ca!.. and the daughter of Wellman Doctor
Castle, who had married iliss Frances Ferry. Her
father was a real Argonaut, wdio crossed the great
plains in '49, traveling in the spring by ox-team and
prairie schooner. He was a native of New York,
wdio first removed to Michigan and from there mi-
grated to California. He tried his luck in the Ama-
dor ilines, and in later years took up farming and
cattle raisin.g. and the development of a fine vine-
yard. Ele lived to be eighty-four 3-ears of age, and
died at Milpitas. He came to Milpitas in 1872, and
here engaged in wdiolesale butchering, furnishing
the markets at San Jose. He was also interested in
a large cattle ranch in Ivastern Oregon, and was
accustomed to make trips to that state each year
to arrange cattle shipments, accompanied by his
eldest son, I. N. Castle. }ilrs. Boyd is one of a
family- of four children by her father's first marriage,
and a steiisister to the three children by his second
union; a sister is Mr>. Hattie P'opham.

Harold Edward Boyd, the only son of Dr. and Mrs.
James Boyd, made a specialty of the study of geol-
ogy at Stanford University and is a graduate of that
famous institution. He was for three years with the
Liarber Asphalt Company, wdiich sent him to South
America, and at present he is one of the chief
geologists in the employ of the Henry L. Doherty
Chi Company of New York City. He enlisted for
service in the World War as a member of the Flying
Corps which was training at Mather Field, and he
attended the School of Observation at Berkeley. He
had made twenty flights when he was afflicted with
the influenza, and after he came out of the hospital,
he made four more flights. Then the armistice was
signed, and his services were no longer needed.

iVn acknowledged authority of exceptional experi-
ence in his field, Dr. Boyd was appointed by the
Bureau of Animal Industry to inspect cattle in Santa

IjJ^^^/f-^a^i^c^-^-ey^^-^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

647

Clara County for inter-statc shipping, and for years
he has been treasurer of the CaHfornia Veterinary
Association. Since 1915 he has made his home at
505 South Second Street in San lose, « here lie has
dispensed a generous hospitality.

WILLIAM HOWARD LAWRENCE.— An ex-
perienced, successful rancher, now living in comfort-
able, quiet retirement, and a veteran in high standing
in the ranks of the G. A. R., is William Howard
Lawrence, of 116 Naglee street, San Jose, a native
of historic Concord, !Mass., where he was born on
March 3, 1837. His father was Albert Chester Law-
rence, who had married Rhoda Ann Fesenden. Al-
bert Chester bore the family name of Bull as a boy
until his playmates guyed him so severely that he
had it changed to Lawrence by an act of the Massa-
chusetts Legislature. Both his parents were of
English descent; his father's people, three brothers
of the Bull family, came to America on the ship
"James" in 1635, while his mother's family dates back
to the Pilgrim Fathers. Both of his great-grand-
fathers were members of the Continental Army and
for eight years fought from Bunker Hill until the
close of the American Revolution. Grandfather Bull
fought in the War of 1812, until 1815, and while
serving under General Andrew Jackson was wounded
at the battle of New Orleans. Albert Chester Law-
rence was a mechanic and worked first as a carpen-
ter and then as a cabinet maker, and after that as a
pianoforte builder. In 1849 he came around the
Horn to San Francisco and went up into the north
fork of the American River, where he engaged in
mining. His brother, John Clark Bull, was a sea-
captain, who sailed the seas and made it a business
to trade his cargo to the Mexicans for hides and
tallow; and in 1849 he also went around the Horn
with a cargo, and while in San Francisco the ship was
deserted by its crew, who left pell-mell for the mines.
Captain Bull disposed of the ship and cargo and also
tried his luck at mining; and later he went into
Humboldt County and ran a hotel at Eureka until
his death. In pioneer days he had returned East
via the Isthmus and purchased a sailing vessel of
150 tons burden and brought his family around the'
Horn to California.

Albert Chester Lawrence engaged in mining for
two years, and then he went into San Francisco and
tried his hand as a building contractor, but not meet-
ing with success, in 1850 he bought a ranch of 160
acres in Santa Clara County, securing a squatter's
claim, and shortly afterward he went into the mines
on the Salmon River in Humboldt County, and
there remained until driven out b}' the imlians. He
then returned to his ranch and when the Southern
Pacific Railroad Company proposed to build a line
he donated the right-of-way through his land, and a
station was built on his farm, which was called Law-
rence. He also became station agent, filling that
position until his death. He was born in 1810 and
lived to be seventy-six.

William Edward Lawrence attended school in
Boston from his seventh to his twelflb. year, and
when his father went to California he was sent to
the Boston Farm School until he was sixteen; he then
bound himself to a farmer at Lincoln, Mass., for two
years, and later, at Maiden, he was employed in a
factory and then in a tinshop. In 1855 he came
west to Illinois and for a time clerked in Kewanee,
Bureau County, and then engaged in outdoor work
in Henry County. In 1859 he returned to Maiden,
Mass., and worked there for a year, and there, on

November 4, 1860, he cast his first vote for Abraham
Lincoln. In December he started with his mother
and three sisters to California; these sisters were
l^llen Iv, now deceased; Alvira C, who lives at
Campbell, and Adra Anna, now Mrs. Keith, of the
same place. They traveled by way of the Panama
route and arrived in San Francisco on January 10,
1861, after a trip of twenty-two days. General Al-
bert Sidney Johnston came on the same ship.

On March 3, 1863, Mr. Lawrence enlisted at San
Francisco for service in the Union Army, being mus-
tered in by Major Ringgold at Pratt's Hall, and he
was in the California Battalion, a picked body of
volunteers to be sent East to fill out a Massachusetts
regiment, and he left California March 20, 1863. He
was in Company C, commanded by Capt. Geo. A.
Manning, but when they reached Massachusetts they
become Company M, of the Second Massachusetts
Cavalry, commanded by Col. Charles Russell Lowell.
In the spring of 1864 he and his comrades came under
the direction of General ?ilerritt. of General Sheri-
dan's cavalry, and he in a company of 125 men were
ambushed at Drainsville, Va.. by Colonel Mosby,
Imboden and White, guerrilla leaders, who fired on
them from ambush, killing fifteen and wounding
thirt}^ His regiment served from the battle of
Winchester in all the cavalry engagements in that
part of the country until Lee's surrender, and they
were in fifty-one cavalry fights, besides small skir-
mishes. Out of 558 men mustered into that battalion,
only 181 were mustered out, and of his own company
only three are living today. Although Mr. Lawrence
never sustained any wounds, he lost five horses, one
of which, the fifth, was shot from under him when
he was taken prisoner of war. This was in the battle
of Drainsville, February 22, 1864. He was sent to
Libby Prison and was there three weeks; and then
he was removed to Andersonville Prison, where
twenty-one of his same company died in seven
months' time. Upon receiving the nev.'S that the
Union forc,es might take Andersonville, he. with
other prisoners, was rushed to Savannah, and there
he spent two months of "hell." Two more of his
company died, and out of the twenty-seven taken
prisoners only four lived to get out. He himself
made his escape from the Savannah prison and for
three weeks wandered through the swamps of South
Carolina and Georgia; he was headed for Sherman's
army, and when only two days' distant from the
Union forces he was stricken with swamp fever at
Brown's terry. He went to a black slave for help,
but was betrayed, and sent to Barnwell Jail in South
Carolina; when he had been there three days it was
necessary for the sherifl: to smuggle him away t
prevent his being lynched by a company of home
guards, as they termed him a "Massachusetts Yank."
He was taken to Elackwell Station, thence to the Co-
lumbia Jail in South Carolina, and after that on to
Florence, in the same state, and from there to Wil-
mington, N. C, and he was finally paroled at Golds-
boro. N. C, and joined the ITnion lines at Wilming-
ton on March 3, 1865.

/Vt Wilmington, N. C, at the Hilltop House, Air.
Lawrence was for two weeks unconscious from ex-
posures he had endured, and when he finally came
to his senses, a week passed before he was able to
take a small glass of milk punch. Dr. Charles Rob-
inson brought him through the crisis. Iilr. Lawrence
had spent one year and ten flays as a prisoner of
war, and he was finally paroled on Alarch 3. 1865,
and in April he arrived at Annapolis, and he re-

648

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ceivcd a furlough of three weeks, with orders to re-
port to Reedeville Hospital, in Massachusetts. At
Recdeville he was sergeant of the police, and he re-
mained there until June 23, 1865, when he was dis-
charged and returned to California in August.

On August 23, 1865, he was married at Maiden,
Mass., to Miss Susan Eleanor Phelan, an old school-
mate of his sister. She had heen born on a sailing
vessel in the AVest Indies, for her father, Theodore,
was a first mate, and he eventually went down in
a storm at sea. The same day he was married, Mr.
Lawrence left for California with his wife, and trav-
eled by way of Panama; and on October 31, he
landed in San Francisco. He ran his father's farm
for a year and then rented a farm of twelve acres
near Lawrence, and he was one of the pioneer straw-
berry growers in the Santa Clara Valley; and then
he bought a ranch of twenty acres adjoining the rent-
ed farm in the Jefferson school district and there
for seven years raised strawberries. His wife's health
failed, however, and it was necessary to seek a
change of climate, so he sold his ranch and bought
another place of eighty-six acres near Los Gatos,
\vhere he raised hay, grain and stock. He still owns
fifteen acres of this rancli. There Mrs. Lawrence died
on March U), 1893.

Mr. Ijawrence's second marriage occurred on Aug-
ust 1, 1893, uniting him with Mrs. Lottie E. (Phil-
lips) Broughton, a native of Crown Point, N. Y.
Her parents were John and Melissa (Colburn) Phil-
lips, and she was graduated at the Crown Point high
school, teaching school for two years, until she re-
moved to Livingston County, 111., wdiere she mar-
ried William Broughton, a farmer who operated 1100
acres of fine land near Kempton, 111. He died in
Illinois in 1888, and in 1891 she came to California
with her two children. Burnell died here at the
age of eighteen, and DeEttc is the wife of E. N.
Richmond of San Jose.

In 1915 Mr. Lawrence left his ranch and moved to
San Jose. He had si.x; children by his first mar-
riage, three of whom are living: William Chester is
in the salmon fishing business in Alaska; George Al-
fred, a physician and surgeon practicing in New
York City, holds a record as recruit examiner in
the late war and was commissioned a major in the
Medical Corps, L'. S. A.; Albert Hume is a min-
ing engineer in Chile and Bolivia. George Alfred
Lawrence married Julia Pinkney, a member of an
old New York family; Albert H. Lawrence married
Miss Fannie Johnston and they have five children
— Howard, Eleanor, Dorothea, Lucy and David. Mr.
Lawrence is a memljer of the board of auditors of
the Santa Clara Pioneer Society, and he is a senior
past commander of the E. O. C. Ord Post No. 82,
C A. R. at Los Gatos. For the third time he is
serving as aide-de-camp on the department com-
mander's staff ,and one 3'ear was an aide-de-camp
on the staff of the national commander. Mrs. Lawr-
ence is past president of E. O. C. Ord Corps No.
51. W. R. C. of Los Gatos.

MRS. LOUISE GUERRAZ KIRK.— Among the

pioneer women who braved the dangers and endured
the hardships of pioneer days is Mrs. Louise Guerraz
Ivirk, who has Ijeen a resident of California since
1848 and of Santa Clara County since 1850, still
hale and hearty and with her abundance of reminis-
cences is an interesting talker. She was, in maiden-
hood, Louise Guerraz, a native of Missouri. Her
father, John D. (juerraz. was born in one of the

French colonies in Switzerland, his family dating back
to France. Coming to America when eighteen or
nineteen years of age, he made his way to Tennessee
and liking that section was content to remain. There
he was married to Elizabeth Bridges, a native of
that state, coming from an old Revolutionary family
in Tennessee. They made their way westward and
were living in Clay County. Mo., when Louise, the
subject of this review, was born. In 1848 John D.
Guerraz started across the plains with his wife and
four cliildren, making the journey in wagons drawn
Ijy ox teams, taking six months to complete the
journey, being piloted by Captain Childs. They
arrived in Hangtown, then called Dry Diggings, un-
til the hanging of three desperadoes when it was
called Hangtown, this incident occurring while the
Guerraz family was living there.

Mr. Guerraz engaged in the grocery business in
Hangtown until 1850, when he came to Santa Clara
County, locating on a ranch in the Campbell district,
improving a farm of 160 acres, engaging in grain
farming and viticulture. Later on he disposed of
this ranch and purchased another in the mountains,
but not satisfied, he sold and located in San Jose,
where he lived retired until he died at the age of
eighty-ei.ght; his widow then made her home with
her daughter, Mrs. Kirk, until her death, in 1894, at
the age of eighty-five. Of their family of six
children, five are living: Mrs. Louise Kirk, Mrs.
Susan Robinson of Campbell, John David resides near
Edcnvale, Henrjr lives in San Jose, and William re-
sides in the Roberts district.

Louise Guerraz was a little girl when she crossed
the plains, but well she remembers the many in-
cidents of the trip, the wonderful, strange sights of
the wilderness and then in Hangtown she saw many
more wild and interesting incidents. After coming
to Santa Clara County she received a good education
at Notre Dame College. She was married here to
Socrates Kirk, a native of Ohio, also an intrepid
pioneer who had crossed the plains in 1850 and was
one of the pioneer grain farmers of San Jose. Be-
coming interested in horticulture, he set out orchards
until he had a large acreage devoted to raising
prunes, peaches, apricots, and cherries, one of the
finest and largest orchards in the county. Mr. Kirk
was an energetic and ambitious man, and while he
did well for himself, did much to improve and build
up the county. He was never idle, but always look-
ing to see wdiat he could do to improve his place
and assist in making the community more prosperous
and a better place in which to live. At the time of
the earthquake, April 18, 1906, he was a very ill man.
The shock proved too much for him and he passed
away the morning of April 19, 1906, at the age of
seventy-four years, a man highly esteemed and hon-
ored, wdio was deeply mourned by his family and
friends. Mr. and }vlrs. Kirk were the parents of six
children, three of whom are living: Mrs. W. S.
Goodenough, Eva S. and Bert T. Kirk.

Since the death of her husband, Mrs. Kirk has
continued to live in their beautiful home they had
erected on their ranch at the head of Hicks Avenue,
surrounded by her children and grandchildren. In
national politics, like her husband, she is a Republi-
can and they were both devoted members of the
First Methodist Church in San Jose, in which she
is still active and in whose benevolence she has
always taken an active part.

HISTORY ()F SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

651

PROFESSOR ROBERT A. LEE— Listed among
those professional men who are interested in the
education of this generation of the twentieth century
is Professor Robert A, I^ee, who for the past tAventy
years has occupied tlie office of principal of the
I^owell School, San Jose, California.

Robert A. Lee was born at lA'wis, lissex County,
New York. April 26, 1870, and is the son of Lebbeus
and Hattie (DeLong) Lee, both natives of New
York, having been born in ICssex Count\'. The
father was born August 12. 1828, a son of Timothy
I'itkin and Sarah JvCasou (Pratt) Lee, while the
mother was born November 17, 1837. Professor
Lee is the seventh generation removed from John
Lee, who came to this country from England and
was one of the founders of Hartford, Conn., in the
year 1034. His descendants held important olfices,
both civil and military, members of the family having
served with distinction during the Colonial and Rev-
olutionary Wars. John Lee's ancient gravestone
still stands in a Connecticut cemetery; beside it is
an imposing modern monument. Lebbeus Lee be-
came a judge of the justice court, and later associate
judge of Essex County. He migrated to San Jose
in the year 1872, and here conducted the Granite and
Atarble Works until the year 1882, and then entered
the field of horticulture, becoming prosperous as an
orchardist from the start. His ranch was located in
The Willows, adjacent to San Jose and here he re-
sided until he passed awaj' in 1908, being survived
by his widow \vho died in 1917. Of their six child-
ren, four of whom are now living, Robert is the
fourth oldest.

Robert A. Lee attended the Lowell Grammar
School and the San Jose High School, and then
became a student at the San Jose State Normal
School where he was graduated in 1890; after this
he took special courses at Stanford University and
the University of California and has followed the
profession of teaching since 1895. He first entered
upon the work of his profession in Winters, Yolo
County, and later in Fresno. In 1900 he was ofifered
the principalship of Lowell School, the school he
attended in his boyhood days, and here he has been
its head for more than twenty years.

Mr. Lee is married to Orlena B., daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Wesley H. Arnhart of Kent County. Mo.
In 1874 Mrs. Lee removed to Woodland. Cal, with
her parents who were pioneers of Yolo County and
the parents of seven children, six of whom survive,
a brother having recently been killed in an auto-
mobile accident at Petaluma. Both Mr. and Mrs.
Arnhart have passed away within recent years.

Professor and Mrs. Lee have one daughter. Veva.
a graduate of the San Jose State Normal School,
who is now the wife of George Lyon Cross, a grad-
uate of the LIniversity of California and now resident
auditor of the Folsom State Prison, having held this
position since 1916. He is giving perfect satisfaction
to the state administration, being noted for his ability
ni curbing leaks and cutting down expenses.

Professor and Mrs. Lee have their home at 740
South Eighth Street where they have been residents
for some years past and here they extend a hearty
welcome to their many friends. Professor Lee was
made a Mason in Friendship Lodge No. 210, F. &
A. M., in which he is a past master, and now is
secretary; he is a member of Howard Chapter No. 14.
R- A. M., San Jose Council No. 20, R. & S. M., and

San Jose Commandery No. 10, K. T. He is also a
i-harter mendjer of the San Jose Bodies of A. & A.
Scottish Rite of hVeemasonr\- — of the 32nd degree,
Islam Temple. A. A. (J. N. M. S., a member of
San Jose Pyramid No. 9, A. E. O., Sciots and
Hatim Tai (irotto, M. O. V. P. E. R. Professor
and Mrs. Lee are members of San Jose Chapter No.
31, ( ). E. S. and Rose Croix Chapter, Order of the
White Shrine of Jerusalem, in which they are officers.
Professor Lee also holds membership in Observatory
Lodge No. 2.]. I. O. O. b'., Barnes Encampment No.
77 and /Vlamo Camp, W. O. W. He was instrumental
in assisting in the recent organization of the DeMolay
Order for lioys. This organization is for boys be-
tween the ages of sixteen and twenty-one and is
supported b\- the Scottish Rite, and vSan Jose Chapter
of the Order of DeMolay was the first organized in
the state, January 1, 1921.

ilr. Lee has served as president of the San Jose
Normal Men's Club and has acted as secretary since
1902. He was elected president of the grammar
school division of the California State Teachers'
Association and presided at the session held during
the Panama-Pacific Exposition at San Francisco in
1915; he has also served as secretary of the State
Teachers' Association and as a member and secre-
tary of the advisory council of that body. In national
politics, he is a stanch Republican, and votes in
accord with the principles of that party.

REUBEN D. CLEARWATERS.— In the year
1885 Reuben D. Clearwaters took up his abode in
San Jose. He was born at Knoxville, Marion
County, Io^va, July 21, 1867, a son of Reuben and
Catherine (Dunivin) Clearwaters, natives of Indiana
and Tennessee, and were married in Indiana, and then
moved to Iowa. The father became an extensive
landowner in Iowa, having braved the hardships of
the early frontier days there, and also in the state of
Kansas, virhither the family removed when Reuben
D. was but two years old. Here, with his parents,
Reuben D. spent his boyhood days, amid the delight-
ful surroundings of the country, assisting his father
in whatever was to be done. Later the father and
mother removed to San Jose, where the father passed
away during the year of 1911. Mrs. Clearwaters
died here in 1894.

In 1891 Mr. Clearwaters was married to Miss M,
Caine. who had been a resident of California since
1884, and they became the parents of three children,
Rolland D. served three years in the \J. S. regulars,
and also in the World War. he has a wife and one
child; Eva is the wife of George Hanson, and the
mother of two children, they live in Portland. Ore.;
Mrs. Winifred D. Carter resides in San Jose. For
a short period of time, Mr. Clearwaters was a resi-
dent of Los Angeles, but came to San Jose in 1885.
During the year 1898, Mr. Clearwaters was engaged
in the furniture business, but later disposed of his
business and entered the employ of the San Jose
Fire Department, where he has served well and faith-
fully, counting among his warm, personal friends
the late Chief Brown. In 1'112 he was appointed
captain of Chemical House No. 1, Market Street,
and in 1917 he assumed charge of h'ire House No.
3 and is acceptably serving as captain of same.

A second marriage united Hr. Clearwaters with
Miss Selena Wells, who has resided in California
since 1876, and in San Jose since 1888. Fraternally,

65.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Mr. Clcarwaters is connected with the Moose and
Woodmen of the World, and also an active member
of the "Pastime Club" of San Jose. In his political
views he is a Republican, advocating keeping politics
out of all departments of city government. Mr.
Clearwaters was instrumental in organizing the Civil
Service Association of San Jose. His activities have
been wisely and carefully directed and he has
consistently adhered to high standards of manhood
and citizenship.

E. M. CUNNINGHAM.— A man of pleasing per-
sonality, charitable and of great kindliness, E. M.
Cunningham has aided in building up the Saratoga
section and has become a successful horticulturist.
He is the owner of a splendid orchard half mile north
O' Saratoga, which he has brought to a high state of
productivity. He A\as born near Mobcrly, Mo.,
May 31, 1857, the son of Joseph Cunningham, a native
of Tennessee, born near Nashville, February 11, 1820.
Grandfather William Cunningham was a native of
North Carolina, but moved to Tennessee, locating
near Nashville. , He married Narcissa Jenkins and
])0lh died in Mis.:.ouri. Joseph Cunningham came to
Missouri when a young man with his parents, locat-
ing on a farm near what is now Moberly, Randolph
County. He was married the first time to Margaret
J. Hannah, wlio died soon after the birth of their first
child. In 1846 he married a second time, being united
with Mary Jane Goodin.g, born in Randolph County.
Mo., July 2, 1827, a daughter of Judge Gooding, who
served as judge of Randolph County. In 1849 Joseph
Cunninghain had become so interested in the gold
e.vcitement in California he determined to set out
for the El Dorado so he crossed the plains in 1849
in an ox-team train, walkin.g most of the way. He
followed mining until 1852, then returned via Isthmus
of Panama to his home place in Missouri, where he
farmed until 1863, then sold his lielongings and
brought his family across the plains, being outfitted
with mule teams and also brought a herd of loose
mules. He located in J-iolano Count}', and for ei.ght-
een years engaged in raising .grain in the Suisun \'al-
ley. In 1881 he came to Saratoga, where lie purchased
a rancli and tliis he ])e.gan setting to orchard. Joseph
Cunningham was a meniljcr of the Cumberland Pres-
byterian Church for forty-six years, while his wife be-
longed to the s.ame church two >-ears longer. This
\\-orthy pioneer rou]i1e had nine children, of whom E.
M.. our subject is the fifth in order of I)irth. He came
to California, crossing the great jilains with his par-
ents in 1863, and thus it came that he had his sixtli
birthday on the deserl on the o\-erland trail. His
schooling was in his home district in Solano County.
On October 22, 1879, at the home of the bride's
mother near Rockville. in Suisun \'alley, occurred
the marriage of Mr. Cunningliam and .'Xmanda C.
Russell, who was ])orn, reared and married at the
home place, a house constructed of luml^er shipped
around Cape Horn in a sailing vessel, all framed
and ready for construction. Mrs. Cunningham was
the daughter of Henry and Adeline (Alford) Rus-
sell, natives of Ohio and A'irginia, respecti\-ely. Her
father came to California in 1846 across the plains
vhen a young man, while her mother came over-
land with her parents the same year, when she was
a girl of thirteen. Grandfather Andy Alford brought
his family across the plains, being outfitted with ox-

teams. They passed the Donner party, whom they
traveled with for a few days and came through by
the old trail safely to California. He settled in So-
lano County, where he became a large landowner and
i}ifluential man, and gave the five-acre site for the old
stone Methodist Church at Rockville; he served in
tlie Mexican War, being stationed at Benicia Bar-
racks. Henry Russell was also in the Mexican War,
serving in Southern California; later his parents
joined him and they located on a farm near what is
now Fairfield. After the marriage of Henry Russell,
he purchased a part of the Alford farm and then en-
gaged in farmin.g and teamin.g. He set out the first
commercial apple orchard in that section, comprising
twelve acres, and this was a landmark for years. He
teamed to the mines at Virginia City. Nev., and it
was from exposure on these trips he contracted the
disease that resulted in his death in 1864. His widow
later married G. H. Pangburn and resided on the old
Russell place until her death at the age of seventy-
si.x years. By her first marriage she had seven chil-
dren, three Iivin,g, Mrs. Cunningham being the fourth
child; by her marriage to Mr. Pangburn she had six
children, five of whom are living. Amanda Russell
bad the advantages of the public schools and when
children, she and Mr. Cunningham knew Edwin
Markham, all being reared in the same vicinity.
After his marriage, Mr. Cunningham rented land and
engaged in raising grain, but in the fall of 1881 he
.gave it up and in November of that year located at
Saratoga, where he purchased eight and a half acres,
the richest piece of land he could find. This he im-
]iroved and set to orchard, raising the trees for the
IHirpose as rapidly as he eould. At first be had up
hill work .and many discouragements, l)ut by perse-
verance and the aid of his good wife, they added to
their holdings until they now have twenty-one acres,
.'dl bearing orchard and as productive a place as can
be found in the valley. In fact the fertility of this
soil was well known by the Indians, for they had
their village close by and raised their crops along the
fertile banks of the creek. Mr. Cunningham is a
believer in cooperation and is a member of the Cal-
ifornia Prune & Apricot Growers' Association, the
I'Vuit Growers' of California, Inc., and the California
\\'alnut Growers' Association. They are the parents
of two children; Florence R. is a graduate of the
San Jose State Normal and also of the San Francisco
National Training School for Christian Service, and
assists her mother in presiding over the home. Charles
N. completed a three-year special course at the Uni-
\-ersity of California and has charge of the home farm,
as well as his own orchard. He was married to Miss
Rva Lipscomb and has three children — Charlotte M.,
Helen E., and Charles Newton, Jr. Mr. Cunningham
served as trustee of the Saratoga school district for
many years. In national politics he is a Democrat.
In 1875 Mrs. Cunningham became a memljer of the
old stone church in l^ockville and has been affiliated
with this denomination ever since. Mr. Cunningham
joined tlie Methodist Episcopal Church m April,
1881, and both were charter members of the Saratoga
Methodist Episcopal Church and have been active
in its benevolences ever since. Mr. Cunningham has
been trustee all these years, as well as superintendent
o: the Sunday School many years, while Mrs. Cun-
ningham has been a steward since its organization.

(yiyyvux/ytcUcK. L ,

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

653

They arc both liberal and enterprising and are
pleased to aid in the growtli and development of this
favored garden spot of the world.

CAPTAIN EGIDIO G, ZEIRO~.\ leader among
the Italic-American population at San Jose, where
he is very popular and where he has lived since
1868. is Egidio G. Zeiro, coming from a family who
at one time were among the nobility of Italy, but
when the government was overthrown at the time
of Napoleon the First, they lost their titles. He was
born on January 23, 1854, in Genoa, Italy, and was
the son of Giovanni Maria and Caterina (Basteri)
Zeiro; the father was a lawyer and both parents have
passed away. Captain Zeiro. as he is familiarlv called
by all who know him, studied at the University of
Parma in Lombard!, with the intention of taking up
the profession of medicine, but instead he enlisted
in the Italian army when eighteen years old, enter-
ing the engineer corps, and after four years in the
army, he met a friend who was about to set out for
the New World and decided to accompany him to
California. He and his friend landed at San Fran-
cisco about forty-five 3'ears ago, and subsequently
he became the editor of L'Indipendente, a semi-
weekly publication in San Francisco, which was pub-
lished in the Italian language, and which is now
called the L'ltalia, meanwhile studying diligently to
perfect himself in the English language. He was en-
gaged in newspaper work for eight or ten years, and
after that did some work as local correspondent for
Italian-American papers at San Francisco. About
thirty years ago he came to San Jose and now main-
tains offices in the Auzerais Building, w'here he
is engaged in legal work for the Italian-American
citizens, and also loans money, and translates legal
documents and at times acts as court interpreter, and
is perhaps consulted by more clients among the Ital-
ians than any other person in San Jose. He has
helped build up and is prominent in the Italio-Amer-
ican societies and social circles and is president of
the Italian Benevolent Society, a new society capital-
ized at $60,000. Mr. Zeiro has been one of the prin-
cipals in instituting every Italian society in San Jose.
He organized the San Jose Hussars, a military com-
pany, the equipment of which cost about $8,000. This
company was at the Mid-Winter Fair in San Fran-
cisco and also has made trips on special trains to
important festivals and celebrations in Los Angeles,
Stockton and Sacramento. Mr. Zeiro trained them
and has been their captain since the organization of
the company. In 1896 Captain Zeiro was appointed
Italian Consul for the district of San Jose, serving
for many years. He has traveled over the state a
great deal and so acquired a wide acquaintance all
over California.

Mr. Zeiro's marriage, which occurred at Berkeley,
Cal., united him with Miss Catherine De Pauli, who
is a native of California, having been born in Bear
Valley, Mariposa County, where her father was a
pioneer and became a large merchant; and her
brother, James de Pauli, was a merchant in Kern
and was president of the Bank of Kern. Mrs. Zeiro
was a graduate of Notre Dame Convent, in Berkeley,
and is a cultured, talented woman, and their union
has proved a very happj' one. They are the par-
ents of one child, Azalia, the wife of Earl L. Alder-
man, who is the head of the Earl P. Alderman Com-
pany, real estate, loans and insurance. Mr, Zeiro

was president of the building committee that erected
The Holy Family Church in San Jose and he and
his wife have always been active members. Mr.
Zeiro's residence is at Fifteenth and San Fernando
streets, and here he has made his home for a number
of years. He is a member of the Druids and is its
district deputy and has served as its president for
twenty years. In national politics he is a Republi-
can, prominent and active in county conventions.

URBAN A. SONTHEIMER.— A worthy repre-
sentative of a well-known pioneer family who has
himself attained to an enviable position in the bustling
community of which he is an influential part, is
Urban A. Sontheimer, the popular Justice of the
Peace of vSan Jose township. A native son, very
])roud of his association with the great commonwealth
along the Pacific, Mr. Sontheimer was born at San
Jose on August 23, 1888, the son of J. J. Sontheimer,
\vho came to San Jose from Wisconsin in 1869, and
ten years later married here Miss Anna Kreig, also
of an early family. He was engaged in educational
work and taught school many years in San Jose.
ifr. Sontheimer was then County Clerk, and
he gave such satisfaction in the efficient and
conscientious discharge of the duties of his
office that he served his fellow-citizens three terms
in that capacity, after which he followed the busi-
ness of a realtor. He was also a member of the
board of school trustees of San Jose. Mr. and Mrs.
Sontheimer had three children, and LIrban was the
youngest in the family.

He attended both the grammar and the high school
at San Jose, after graduating from the latter in 1907,
and then a year later he entered Stanford University.
In 1912 he was graduated from the pre-legal course
with the A. B. degree, and in 1914 he was made a
Juris Doctor by the same institution There-
after he practised law in San Jose until he was
appointed to his present position in 1916, to succeed
Judge John T. Wallace, and in 1918 he was elected
for a four-year term. In national politics a Republi-
can, Mr. Sontheimer is too good an American to
allow partisanship to interfere with his wholehearted
support of whatever is best for the locality in which
he lives, works, and prospers. He is much interested
in all Santa Clara County, and ready and anxious
to do all that he can to hasten the day when it shall
come to its own.

At San Jose, on August 3. 1919, ilr. Sontheimer
was married to Miss Mabel I. Allen, born near vSan
Jose, the daughter of L. S. Allen, who had come to
California with his family in 1869. Judge Sontheimer
belongs to San Jose Parlor No. 22, Native Sons of
the Golden West, being a past president and is a
member of San Jose Lodge No. 522, B. P. O. E..
serving as exalted ruler from April, 1919 to April,
l'-'20. He was made a Mason in Fraternity Lodge
No. 399, I". & A. M., San Jose, is a member of
Harvard Chapter No. 14, R. A. il., and of San Jose
Commandery No. 10, Knights Templar, and is also
a member of Islam Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., San
Francisco. He is naturally an enthusiastic member
of Santa Clara County Bar Association. .-Vt Stan-
ford we find him a member of Phi Alpha Delta
law fraternity, the "Order of the Coif," the scholar-
ship law fraternity, and Acacia Masonic Fraternity.
During the World War Judge Sontheimer was a
member of the legal advisory- board for Santa Clara

654

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

County and had acti\c charge of all its work, in-
cluding the preparation and supervision of all the
questionnaires that were returned from this county.
He was one of the four-minute men and a member
of the war work councils, taking an active part in
the Liberty bond. Red Cross and war drives.

MISS AGNES EMMONS HOWE.— What one

woman of high ideals and scholarly education may
achieve not merely in professional success, but in be-
in,g able to accomplish much toward the advancement
of a great movement for the benefit of humanity, is
\\ell illustrated in the life and career of Miss Agnes
Emmons Howe, the experienced and efficient county
superintendent of schools, whose popularity through-
out Santa Clara County attests to her enviable status
in the educational world at large. She was born at
Rockford, 111., the daughter of Lafayette and Mary
(Tisdale) Howe, and was the eldest of six children.
She enjoyed a thorough grammar school trainin.g, at
Owatonna !Minn., and afterwards, an excellent high
school course.

In 1885 she came to California and for seven years
taught school in Ventura County. Then in 1892 ma-
triculated at Stanford L^niversity; and in 1897 she was
graduated with the A. B. degree. Then she went to
the San Jose Normal School as a teacher, and she re-
mained there in that capacity for twenty-one and a
half years, during which time she had two years'
leave of absence. She did graduate work at the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, wdiich in 1913 conferred upon
her the degree of Master of Arts. Half of this period
of absence Miss How'C devoted to travel, throughout
the United States and Europe, thereby still further
enlarging her breadth of vision.

When Miss Howe left the San Jose Normal School
in 1918. she was elected for four years to the respon-
sible office of county superintendent of schools, and
thus made officially a leader in the movements for
popular education and intellectual uplift in Santa
Clara County; and during her term of office she has
specialized in the extension of home agricultural pro-
jects and in the betterin.g of the courses of studies
for rural schools, promoted through her by frequent
conferences with teachers. Having always the wel-
fare of the latter, as well as that of the pupils at
heart, it is natural that Miss Howe should be able to
proceed rapidly and effectually with these improve-
ments and extensions on account of the cheerful and
sincere cooperation given her by the teaching body at
large. Miss Howe is as much interested in Santa
Clara County as if she ^^"ere a native daughter, and
finds inspiration and pleasure in inspiring others with
civic pride and rational [jatriotism. In politics she is
a Republican.

iliss Howe has been an active member of the Na-
tional Educational Association for years, and she also
belongs to the California Teachers Association, and
to the State Federation of School Women's Clubs,
and she is also identified with the Civic L<'aguc of
San Jose, the Women's Club, the Parent-Teachers
Association. League of Women Voters, the Women's
Christian Temperance L'nion, the Chamber of Com-
merce, the Eastern Star and the Royal Order of Am-
aranth. In each of these organizations the influence
of her mind and personality is felt as the power of a
good woman, and one of particular gifts; which may
explain her acceptability as both a school official and
a representative citizen.

HON. M. P. O'CONNOR.— Occupying a position
of prominence among the most influential citizens of
San Jose was the late Hon. M. P. O'Connor, well
laiown throughout this section as Judge O'Connor.
During the many years of his residence in this city
he took an active interest in developing and advanc-
mg its highest interests, devoting his energies to this
Durpose and giving of his means in a generous
measure. As an attorney he was well versed in
legal lore, attaining success at the bar, and as a rep-
resentative of the people he served his constituents
in both houses of the California legislature with
recognized ability and fidelity.

He was born in Ireland May 8, 1823. and was
taken to England in August, 1825. At the age of
fifteen he came with his parents to the United States,
and remained two years in the city of New York.
In December, 1840, he removed to St. Louis, Mo.
Entering the law office of Maj. U. Wright, in 1842,
he studied law with the eminent jurist, and after
being graduated from the law department of the
Jesuit College, St. Louis, was admitted to the bar
ihere in 1846. Beginning the practice of his pro-
fession in St. Louis, the judge remained there three
years, and then, in 1849, crossed the plains with
mule teams, arriving in California by the Carson
route August 17, 1849. He intended to at once open
a law office, but there being little legal business of
any kind, he turned his attention instead to mining,
which he followed for a time. Locating in Nevada
County, he subsequently engaged in the practice of
law, but at the same time continued his mining
operations. A man of strong mental caliber and of
much force of character. Judge O'Connor soon ac-
fmired a place of influence in the community, and
in the session of 1859 and 1860 he served in the
state assembly, being elected as a Douglas Demo-
crat. l'"rom 1860 to 1869 he practiced law in Nevada
County. In a Republican county he was elected as
state senator on the Democratic ticket, and served
most satisfactorily to all concerned from 1869 until
1877. His mining operation added materially to his
bank account, his name becoming familiar to all the
people of that section of the state in which he re-
sided. On his election to the senate he gave up his
law practice. In 1874, accompanied by his wife, he
began traveling throughout this and foreign coun-
tries, returning from each trip in time to attend the
sessions of the legislature. Locating in San Jose in
1884, Jud.ge O'Connor erected a beautiful residence
at the corner of Second and Reed streets, and later
on built his home, adjoining the O'Connor Sanitarium.

In 1862, in Grass Valley, Nevada County, Cal,
Judge O'Connor was married to Mrs. Amanda (But-
ler) Young, who was born in Carrollton, Ohio, and
came to California in 1854 with her brother, J.
Butler, of Grass \'alley. A large-hearted, broad-
minded woman, Mrs. O'Connor has a warm, synipa-
ihetic nature, and in the alleviation of the sufferings
of others finds her greatest pleasure. She was al-
ways interested in young girls, and those left with-
out father or mother appealed especially to her tender
heart and she longed to do something for them. The
large house that she and her husband built at Second
and Reed streets seemed to her well adapted for a
home for a large number of i)eople, and she and her
husband, being devout Catholics, determined to make

/^^ZX^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

657

it in reality a homo for Catholic orphan girls With
this purpose in view this generous couple donated
(heir heautiful residenee to tlie Sisters of Notre
Dame for an orphanage, and it is now known as
Notre Dame Institute. It has aeeomniodation lor
fifty orphans, and is one of the most noted institu-
tions of the kind on the Paeihe Ctiast. Mr. and
^{rs. O'Connor also liberally endowed the institu-
tion with a sum sufheient for its perpetual main-
ienanee. In 1889, prior to the establishment of the
Notre Dame Institute by Airs. O'Connor', the O'Con-
nor Sanitarium, on the corner of Race and San
Carlos streets, was erected liy them. This is a large
and beautiful brick structure, modern in its furnish-
ings and equipments, and. with its attractive grounds,
occupies fifteen acres, the grounds extending from
Race to Meridian streets on the one side and from
San Carlos to Sansevain streets on the other.

During their residence in San Jose, Mr. and Mrs.
O'Connor made many trips abroad, and of the four-
teen winters spent in Europe ten were passed in
Rome. In their travels on the continent they gath-
ered a rare collection of art treasures, and these
they donated to Trinity College in Washington,
D. C. They also endowed the chair of canon law
in the Catholic University of America in Washing-
ron, D. C. The benefactions of Judge and Mrs.
O'Connor have reached many sections of California,
and have proved a boon to numerous Catholic insti-
tutions. They contributed liberally towards the up-
building and perpetual maintenance of St. Patrick's
Seminary at Menlo Park, and also assisted in the
building of the Young Men's Institute Building on
Market Street, near San Fernando. Judge O'Connor
was an active member of St. Joseph's Church, and
was a member of the California Pioneers' Society of
San Francisco. He passed away June 9, 1909, sur-
vived by his widow

It would be only just for the historian to pay a
tribute to Mrs. O'Connor, who was one of the most
faithful and cheerful of wives and helpmates. The
abnegation of all social functions and demands of
society in general in order that she could be a con-
stant companion to her husband will be a living
example for future generations. She went hand in
hand with her husband in their princely generosity
and the harmony of their natures and loving regard
one for the other w-as as beautiful as it was rare.
Thus, in the twilight of her life, while the shadows
are lengthening, Mrs. O'Connor is listening for the
call, "Well done, thou good and faithful servant."

THE O'CONNOR SANITARIUM.— Preeminent
among the beneficent and noteworthy institutions of
San Jose of which the ambitious and appreciative
citizens of Santa Clara County are justly proud may
well be mentioned the O'Connor Sanitarium, which
was taken possession of by the Daughters of Charity
of St. Vincent de Paul, at the invitation of the Hon.
and Mrs. M. P. O'Connor, and the suggestion of the
Most Rev. Archbishop Riordan, on March 19, 1889,
although it was erected in 1887 by Mr. and Mrs.
O'Connor, who wished to provide an institution for
the care of the aged, the sick and the afflicted. Since
Its erection, the growth and development of the insti-
tution have been along broad and progressive lines;
and as it is purely non-sectarian, with much-needed
benefits available to all, the unostentatious relief of
the unfortunate poor of the community, as one phase

of its activity, has been far-reaching and effective in
its service in the cause of humanity.

Tastefully laid out in lawns, orchards, orange plot
and ]>inery, traversed by concrete walks and driveways
affording opportunity for ideal exercise and recrea-
tion, the spacious fourteen acres surrounding and
forever protecting the Sanitarium are advantageously
situated in the beautiful and healthful Santa Clara
Valley, at San Jose, within easy access of San Fran-
cisco, and upon these grounds are the substantial
brick buildings, grouped in architectural harmony,
consisting of main building, two wings, nurses home,
chapel, kitchen, laundry, power house and garage,
while properly apart stands the isolation building, for
contagious diseases. Numerous sheltered porches, a
solarium and garden pavilion enable the convales-
cent to enjoy the benefits of the outdoor air.

Fully supplied with all the modern appointments
such as one might expect to find in any up-to-date
institution of this kind, the O'Connor Sanitarium,
which in 1918 installed a splendid pathological labor-
atory, and in March, 1921, secured the latest X-ray
instruments, is especially equipped for the care of
surgical cases, and the operating rooms are as com-
plete as science and mechanical skill can make them.
On each of the floors are surgical dressing and treat-
ment rooms, and there are two large wards for pa-
tients of both sexes, and a smaller ward for chronic
diseases. In addition, there is also a children's ward,
for here special attention is always paid to the needs
of these little sufferers. In the obstetrical division,
adjoining the remodeled ward and private rooms is
the delivery room with furnishings and equipment
planned to provide every convenience for the phy-
sician and safeguard for the patient; and the nursery,
with its row of basket-beds, open grate-fireplace and
sanitary tubs, is ideally arranged for the care of the
new-born infant. There is a complete chemical lab-
oratory, and a pharmacy in charge of a thorughlj'-
competent Sister pharmacist; and there are dressing
rooms and lavatories for the attending physicians,
with all the facilities for personal asepsis and anti-
sepsis, thus minimizing the liability to incurrence or
transference of the disease being treated. Baths,
sterilizers, efficient apparatus for fumigation, a diet
kitchen and a complete telephone service, all aid in
rendering the isolation and other buildings perfect
for the purposes for which they were designed. The
O'Connor Sanitarium is patronized by the physicians
of San Jose of all approved schools of medicine;
and in recent years the total number of cases handled
have been 1,012 in the year 1911, between 1,000 and
1,100 annually in the years 1912, 1913, 1914, and
1915; 1,171 patients in 1916, 1,538 in 1917, 2,440 in
1918, 1,982 in 1919, and 2,577 in 1920— showing an
almost phenomenal recent growth. The San Jose
Training School for Nurses, an accredited school, one
of the divisions of the Sanitarium activity, was es-
tablished in 1898 and incorporated in 1906.

EDWIN H. LEITCH. — Enterprising and capable,
Edwin H. Leitch is the type of citizen whose pres-
ence in San Jose has been most helpful to the per-
manent welfare of Santa Clara County. He \\ as
born in Alviso, Santa Clara Count>-, February 15,
1872, and was the son of Isaac H. and Ann (Mc-
Quillan) Leitch. The father was born in New Vojk
City and came to California in the N'ear of 1853,
where he secured employment as a miller. He first
went to San Francisco and then to Alviso, where he

658

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

worked for Bray Bros, and was a miller there for a
number of years. He then engaged in farming until
his death, which occurred in 1896, the mother sur-
viving him until 1913. Mrs. Leitch came to the
United States from her native land, Ireland, at the
age of fourteen years, and was married to Isaac H.
Leitch in San Francisco.

Edwin received his education in the public schools
of Alviso and then entered the employment of S. B.
Hunkins in a general store. Being ambitious he
took the U. S. Civil Service Examinations, and re-
ceived an appointment as assistant postmaster at
Alviso and later entered the San Jose post office,
where he was employed for a period of ten years
as chief mailing clerk. He then served two years
'.vith the Southern Pacific Railroad Company and
another year in the wholesale tobacco business in
San Jose. In the meantime, being of an ingenious
turn of mind, he spent his spare time in inventing
and developing an oil burner. Taking a position with
C. L. Meisterhcim, a dealer in pumps, etc., he was
with him for twelve years and was practically in
charge of the business, and wdien Mr. Meisterheim
disposed of the business, he continued sixteen months
with his successors. He then started in business for
himself, establishing the Leitch Pump and Supply
Company at 400 West Santa Clara Street and has
been very successful.

Mr. Leitch's marriage united him with Miss Eliza-
beth D. Parker, a native of Colfax, Cal., and they are
the parents of two children, Marjorie E. and Emer-
son H. Mr. Leitch is a member of the Knights of
Columbus and of the Catholic Church.

L. R. CODY — Those who have had the good for-
tune of intimate association wnth L. R. Cody, Horti-
cultural Commissioner of Santa Clara County, know
tliat his work along the lines of practical and scien-
tific horticulture has been a primary factor in the
development of the fruit industr3'. Althou,gh his
work and interest have been largely confined to
California horticulture, the development along these
lines in the other states, as well as in Europe and
the Orient, has not escaped his attention. Orchard-
ists and propa.gators throughout the Santa Clara
Valley cannot value too highly his services in fos-
tering horticultural enterprises and disseminating in-
formation so necessary for their calling.

Mr. Cody was born in Chester, Howard County,
Iowa, on January 31, 1877, the son of Frederick A.
and Alta E. (Ray) Cody, who came to California
in 1895. He attended the public schools in Con-
necticut but was forced to abandon his academic
work for the school of experience quite early. He
became an assaycr for a mining corporation in Mex-
ico, and after spending some six years there re-
turned to California to take up the study of agri-
culture and its allied lines.

After spending lour years in viticultural work at
Fresno, he moved to the Santa Cruz County moun-
tain apple section, arriving in Santa Clara County
in the spring of 1907, where he has since made his
home. His work at the old California Nursery in
the field and as a salesman, as well as his experi-
ence as foreman with the San Jose Branch of the
Cottage Garden Nursery, developed an intimate
knowledge of plant life and methods of propaga-
tion which has made him a recognized authority. In
connection with this work he has made an extersive
study of California flora and is an active member

of the California Botanical Society. Likewise, al-
ways interested along entomological lines, he has
spent his spare time in the study of insect life and
its control in relation to the welfare of California
horticulture, as well as pathology with the same
practical end in view; thus he has acquired the
most complete collection of economic insects of any
commissioner in the state.

Attracted by Mr. Cody's ability, Mr. E. L. Morris,
County Horticultural Commissioner at that time, per-
suaded him to enter the public service as horticultural
inspector. Upon Mr. Morris' resignation, he was suc-
ceeded by Mr. Cody on June 1, 1918, with reappoint-
ment to this responsible position, November 13, 1918.

At Meriden, Conn., Mr. Cody was married to Miss
Alice May Smith, who was born in New Haven.
They have a promising son, Frederick Russell, now
attending the San Jose high school. Mr. Cody has
held all of the principal offices of the local Grange,
belongs to the W. O. W., Masons and Sciots, and is a
consistent Republican in state and national affairs.

MAJOR ■WILLIAM A. COULTER.— A dis-
tinguished representative of the Union forces in the
Civil War, Major William A Coulter, of 15 South
Thirteenth Street, San Jose, has lived to occupy
a position of especial honor in a period wdien a
younger generation has also exhibited in such a mas-
terful way the same shining characteristics. He was
born at Harrisburg, Pa., on October 8, 1839, the son
of James Ramsey Coulter, who was born at Wil-
liamsport. Pa., and became a newspaper man, mas-
tering the details of the business from the work of
the reporter, through the editorial sanctum, and to
the counting room of the publisher. As a young
writer, James Ramsey Coulter was affiliated with
Alexander Cummins, the owner of the Evening Her-
ald of Philadelphia, and some years later with the
staff of the New York World. It was in the years
just prior to the Civil War wdien James Ramsey
Coulter and his brother William became prominent
as newspaper men in Pennsylvania, and for nearly
twenty years they pulled together as partners. The
Coulter ancestry reaches back to Scotch-Irish settlers
who came out to America during the Colonial period.
James R. Coulter married Miss Lucy R. Ealsley,
who was the daughter of Jacob and Sarah (Harris)
Balsley. Sarah Harris' cousin, John Harris, granted
to the state of Pennsylvania the ground on wdiich the
capitol of Pennsylvania is built, as well as the beau-
tiful capitol grounds surrounding this site, wdiich he
deeded to the state for use so long as the capitol
shall remain in that place. The city takes its name
from the Harris family.

William A Coulter attended the public schools at
Harrisburg, and in 1859, he entered the Ohio Wes-
lyan University in Delaware, Ohio. He became a
member of the "Lenapee Gra>-s," a military company,
and had military training for a year before the Civil
War broke out. On October 4. 1861, he enlisted in
the liighteenth United States Infantry, in the new
army authorized by Congress, and "bunked" with
Gen. William H. Bisbce, now retired. H. B. Car-
rington, adjutant-general of Ohio, w'as put in com-
mand of the newly-formed regiment. Mr. Coulter
was captain and assistant adjutant-general of a divi-
sion of cavalry in the battle of Nashville, Tenn.
y\fter this he was adjutant-general of a division of
cavalry eonimanded by Gen. Joseph F. Knipe, and

HISTORY OF SANTA CI^ARA COUNTY

661

took part in the campaign against Mobile. Ala.,
when General Canby had command; after this he
was assigned to duty as assistant adjutant-general
to Gen. J. IM. Brannan, chief of the artillery to Gen.
(.icorge H. Thomas, commanding the armies of the
West. Later still, Jilr. Coulter was made assistant-
adjutant to Gen. A. 'M. Brannan, commanding the
district of Savannah with headquarters at Savannah
until 1866. and then he served as assistant adjutant-
general to Gen. W. H. Kmcry at his headquarters nr
Washington. D. C. In 1866 he was commissioned
major by the president and Secretary of War, for
faithful service during the war. The Freedmen's
Report was prepared by Major Coulter during these
two years and sent to General Howard, who was in
command of the Freedmen's Bureau for the United
States. He sent it to Congress with the recom-
mendation that the Freedmen's Bureau be extended
another year and a bill was passed bj' Congress to
that effect. Then the Major ^vas assigned to duty
at Richmond. A'a.. in Gen. E. R. S. Canby's head-
quarters; the officer who was prominent in quelling
the uprising of the Alodoc Indians. In November,
1870, ]Major Coulter resigned from the army, on
which occasion General Canby wrote him a letter
complimenting him on his service and regretted he
was leaving the service. While in Richmond, and
before his resignation, he appeared before three
judges at Richmond, passed the required examina-
tions, and was admitted to the practice of law. After
his resignation he established his residence in Wash-
ington, vacating the mansion at Richmond that had
been used, until the close of the war, b}' Jefferson
Davis, and for nearly Irfteen years he followed his
profession in Washington, becoming there a well-
known attorney, and fostering the rapid and sane
development in house-erecting in that live city, com-
pleting forty residences which he afterwards sold.
He was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court
of the United States.

Preceded by his wife's family. Major and Mrs.
Coulter came out to the Pacific Coast in 1892, the
couple having been united in matrimony at Wash-
ington in 1890. Mrs. Coulter was Mrs. Augus.ta
(Smith) Oakley before her marriage, and was born
in Montgomery County, Md., of an old Maryland
family. Her grandfather. Reverend Smith, was an
eminent divine in the Methodist Church, and her
uncle. Gen. Augustus Smith, was a brigadier-general
in the Civil War from Illinois. Mrs. Coulter, by her
first marriage, had one child, Roy Oakley, who re-
sides at St. Paul. Major and Mrs. Coulter first
located at San Francisco; there he practised law and
was admitted to practice in the Superior Court of
California, but later removed to Santa Clara County,
where they invested in fifty acres w-hich they devel-
oped into a fine prune orchard. Still maintaining the
interest awakened at Washington in worthy architec-
ture. Major Coulter has done what he could to
improve architectural standards in San Jose, and
he has been very successful in beautifying a portion
of the city. He now owns the Cosmos Apartments
at the corner of East Santa Clara and Thirteenth
streets, as well as the fine Coulter residence at 15
South Thirteenth Street, both of which he erected.
Since 1910 he has leased his ranch.

During 1911-12 Major Coulter served as com-
mander of the Union Veteran Legion, San Jose

Chapter, but in 1915 this chapter was disbanded,
owing lo the decrease in membership through
deaths. He is a member of the California Com-
niandery of the military order of the Loyal Legion,
and in 1917 was senior vice-commander of the com-
mandery. FIc has also served as patriotic instructor
of the Col. A. G. Bennett Post No. 129, G. A. R., of
San Jose, and was recently elected a delegate to the
California and Nevada Departmental Encampment
held at Stockton in May, 1921. Major Coulter has
a large acquaintance with military and public men
uf the l'",ast. He knew many of the Presidents and
cabinet men in the various administrations, viz.:
Grant, Logan, Miles, Custer, President Johnson,
Hayes. Garfield, Harrison, Arthur, McKinley, Roose-
\'elt. Cleveland, Taft and James G. Blaine, Henry
Cabot Lodge, Senators Quay, Penrose, Philander C.
Kno.x, etc. He is well informed and has a very inter-
esting way of narrating events. x'Y gifted speaker, he
has often been called upon to participate in notable
public gatherings, patriotic meetings and similar oc-
casions. He is a Republican and a Knights Templar
and Scottish Rite Alason,' as well as a Shriner. Major
Coulter served as war correspondent for the Harris-
burg Telegraph and the New York Army and Navy
Journal while on detached service for the Union
Army, and he wrote many articles for publication
after the war. The late Col. Harry Egbert, who
died at the Battle of Manila, was his intimate friend,
and while living in Ohio was a delegate and attended
the congressional convention which met at Marion,
Ohio, when President Harding was a young
newspaper man.

ARTHUR F. CASTLE.— A man of enterprise and
ability, Arthur F. Castle occupies an assured position
among the citizens of San Jose. Born in San Jose,
Cal. October 8, 1879, the eldest son of Isaac Nelson
and California (Reel) Castle, a sketch of their lives
appearing else\vhere in this work. His father was a
native of New York, migrating to California in 1852,
coming by way of the Isthmus of Panama. He was
an extensive landowner and spent many years in the
cattle business and was well known throughout the
state. He passed away at the family home in San
Jose, January 21, 1911. Mrs. Castle has the distinc-
tion of being the first wdiite child born in George-
town. Eldorado County. For many years she has
been associated with her two sons in stockraising.

Arthur F. Castle attended the public schools of
San Jose, supplementing with a course at Thomp-
son's Business College at HoUister; he is also a
graduate of Heald's Business College at San Jose.
From the time he was eight years old he was in the
saddle, inheriting much of his father's ability as a
stockman, so with his mother and brother he leased
the San Luis Ranch of 50,000 acres, part of which is
located in Santa Clara County and part in Merced
County. He proved very successful in this line of
work and in 1918 they purchased a large tract of
land in the Napa Valley; this was in partnership
with his brother, Roy N. Castle, and his mother.
They became well known as the most extensive cat-
tlemen and stockmen in the Valley and were known
throughout the whole state of California. This part-
nership was dissolved in 1920, having disposed of
their holdings, and Mr. Castle became the owner of
the Castle Hair Store, located at 70 South First
Street, San Jose. In 1921 he and his brother again

662

HISTORY OF vSANTA CLARA COUNTY

engaged in stockraising on a large tract of abont
4,000 acres lying near Gilroy.

In early manhood Mr. Castle married Miss Clara
F,. Matthews, who is a native of Calaveras County,
Cal, and the daughter of W. W. and Rachael Mat-
thews. They are the parents of two accomplished
children, Lorrine. a student of the San Jose high
school, and Yvonne, also attending the schools of
San Jose. Politically, ilr. Castle is a Republican,
and in fraternal circles is popular in the ranks of the
Masons and Elks. A deep lover of music, he is also
a gifted violinist, and his talent in this direction is
the soiu'ce of much pleasure to his manj' friends.

AUSTIN N, LOSSE.— With the development of
the frtiit industry in California the name of Losse
is inseparably associated, and Austin N. I^osse, a
leading horticulturist of Santa Clara County, is ably-
carrying forward the work instituted ])y Ins father,
^vho was a pjioneer in the dried fruit industry in this
state. Austin N. Losse, subject of this review, was
born in Indianapolis, Ind.. in 1881, a son of H. li.
and Carrie (Keogh) Losse, Ijoth of whom are now
deceased, the former passing awa},' in 1918, at the
age of si.xty-live, while the latter's demise occurred
in April, 1921, when she had reached the si.xtv-
seventh milestone. The lather came to the Golden
Slate in 1887. arriving here at about the same time
as A, C. Kuhn. now deceased. He settled in Santa
Clara County, ',\here he purchased land, on which
he engaged in the raising of fruit, which he dried and
packed. He became a pioneer in the dried fruit in-
dustry, bem.g one of the pioneer lirms engaged in
that business in Northern California. His initiative
spirit and constructive effort enabled him to build
up an enterprise of extensive proportions, the ca-
pacit}- of his plant approximating 25,000,000 pounds
of dried fruit a year. The superiority of the output
gained for it a wide sale and the products of the
plant were shipped to all parts of the globe, the
business being conflucted as H. ii. Losse & Comiiany.
Mr. Losse was also interested in financial affairs, be-
ing president of the Santa Clara Valley Hank, of
Santa Clara, and he was preeminently a business man
\\'hose record "was written in terms of success, for
he possessed the ability to think in large terms and
whatever he undertook he carried forward to a suc-
cessful termination. He was a member of the St.
Claire Club and was recognized as one of the fore-
most citizens, not only of Santa Clara County, but
of the state.

In the acquirement of an education Austin N.
Losse attended the grammar and high schools of
San Jose and the I'niversity of California, from which
he was graduated ^\■\ih the class of 1905. .'\ftcr
completing his studies he became his father's asso-
ciate in the dried fruit indu.^tr>-, with which he was
connected until 1917, wdien the business was sold to
the Rosenberg Brothers b'ruit Company of San Fran-
cisco, by whom it is still conducted. Since 1917 Mr.
Losse has been interested in business with his
brother. Weir C. Losse, and his sister, Mrs. James
C. Blair. They operate some of the choicest fruit
land in Santa Clara County, Ijeing the owners of a
valuable fruit ranch of 340 acres, devoted mainly
to the raising of apricots, but a considerable acreage
is also given over to the production of pears, plums
and prunes. I'pon the place are two wells, wdiich
furnish an abundant supply of water for irrigation

purposes, and owing to the superior quality of the
fruit it commands a ready sale. Mr. Losse is thor-
oughly conversant with the details connected with
the production of fruit, carries on his labors scien-
tifically, and keeps well informed on all modern de-
velopments relating to his line of work. For a num-
ber of years he had the controlling interest in the
\'endome Hotel, of wdiieh he was manager in 1918.

In San Jose, on August 12, 1909, was solemnized
the marriage of Austin N. Losse and Aliss Louise
P. McGraw, a native of Mankato, Minn., and a
daughter of Dr. D. F. and Emma McGraw. The
father was for many years a prominent dentist and
highly respected citizen of vSan Jose, building up an
extensive practice. Mrs. Losse attended the gram-
mar and high schools of San Jose and completed her
education at the Marlborough School of Los .fVn-
geles, Cal. Two children were born of that union,
Beatrice Jessie and Henry Edward. The wife and
mother passed away on December 3, 1918, a victim
of the influenza epidemic, and in that year Mr. Losse
also lost his father. He is a prominent member of
the St. Claire Club and is a man of high principles
and substantial qualities, progressive and reliable in
business, loyal in citizenship and at all times display-
ing devotion to the duties that devolve upon him.

FORREST D. SANDERS.— A thoroughly enter-
prising and successful business man of Saratoga,
who considers it an honor to have been born in this
beautiful county, is Forrest D. Sanders, wdio first
saw the light in Los Gatos, ilarch 13, 1878. He is
the son of C. W. and Hannah (Showers) Sanders,
who came to Los (iatos about 1874. The father is
a Xe\v Yorker by birth and the mother a native of
Missouri. In the pioneer days, the father was an
assayer at Yir.ginia City, Nev., and has followed the
occui'-ation of mining ever since coming to California
and is still in the mines near jXngels Camp. The
mother is deceased. The eldest of three children.
Forrest attended school in Los Gatos until the family
removed to St. Louis, ^lo., "when he was nine A'ears
old. ^vhen be went to school there. His career was
varied liy different occupations, first as a newsboy,
then as elevator boy at Nugent's Dry Goods Store
in St. Louis, and then he embarked in business for
himself, owning a second hand store and a wood and
coal yard in St. Louis. He was eighteen years old
when he returned to Los Gatos in 1896, and for a
time worked in a cannery, then for two j'ears he
worked in the mines. Not being satisfied with min-
ing as a permanent occupation, he assumed the
management of the orchard owned b>' Rev. E. S.
AVillianis; later he purchased a small ranch of his
own and in the meantime took up contracting and
carpentr>- and thus went into the lumber business.
Owing to the great demand, he first began the manu-
facture of fruit trays, but gradually enlarged his
business and was so progressive and aggressive that
he very soon alisorbed the Adams Lumber Com-
pany, thus practically controlling the lumber business
in the vicinity of Sarato.ga.

On March 15, 1899, Mr. Sanders was united in
marriage \vith Miss Alice Maud Gardner, of Sara-
toga, a daughter of a worthy pioneer family, her
father being Daniel F. Gardner, a pioneer horticul-
turist wdio came to California across the plains in
1850, while her mother, Sarah (Kcnyon) Gardner,
crossed the jdains in 1849 with her father, James
Kenyon, the pioneer of Homestead Road. They are

O't^-^'^U^iU^ 'V- f^o^^L-'O-i?

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

66,^

the parents of two children, David F., wlio is associ-
ated with his father in tlie lumber business, and
Tohn F. Mr. Sanders has been a life-long stand-pat
Republican, and for six years he has served as
school trustee. Jifr. Sanders united with the Cen-
tenary Methodist Church in St. Couis in 18<)4, and
soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Sanders be-
came members of the Congregational Church in
Saratoga in which the\- have taken an active iiart,
contributing liberally to its benevolences, Mrs. San-
ders taking an active part in the ladies' societies of
the church. Since the Christian Church federated
with the Congregational, they are now members of
the Federated Church and continue their aeti\ ity.
Mr. Sanders has been active as president of the
Christian Endeavor. Mrs. Sanders is a cultured
woman and as such exerts her influence for good
in the community. She is prominent in civic and
social circles, being a member of the Foothdl Study
Club and the Parent-Teachers' Association. Mr.
Sanders is a man of pleasing personality which,
coupled with much native business ability, speaks
for his success. He has the interests of the com-
mutity much at heart and is active in all movements
that liave for their aim tbe improvement of the town
and betterment of the people. He is a member of
the Commercial Club and the ^^len's Club and it was
this latter organization that made the local Boy
Scouts a possibilitv and success. He joined the True
Fellowship Lodge, I. O. O. F., Santa Clara, and
later demitting, became a charter member of Sara-
toga Lodge No. 428, I. O. O. F., of which he is a
past grand. He is also a member of Encampment
No. 77, San Jose, and with his wife is a member of
Saratoga Rebekah Lodge No. i37. in which Mrs.
Sander's served two terms as noble grand. Mr. San-
ders is also a member of the Foresters of America
and the Modern Woodmen. He has been an active
member of the Saratoga Improvement Association
since its organization in 1900 and since 1921 has been
the president of the Association.

JAMES CASLEY. — Noteworthy among the most
thriving, able and progressive business men of San
Jose, is James Casley, general cement and sewer con-
tractor. Inheriting his industrious and energetic
spirit and the sterling virtues of a long line of sturdy
English ancestry, he has met with success in bis
active career, and has won the confidence and good-
will of the community in which he resides. A native
of England, he was "born October 17, 1860, in Corn-
wall, parish of St. Just, which was also the birthplace
of his father and mother, James and Elizabeth
(Thomas) Casley, The father, James Casley, fob
lowed the occupation of farming during his entire
lifetime. While he did not aspire to holding a public
office, he was progressive and public spirited and
always interested in the welfare of the community
in which he resided. He retained his interest m
public affairs to the day of his death, which occurred
at the age of seventy-three.

During his early boyhood, James, Jr., attended
school in his native parish, receiving instruction from
his father in farming and agriculture, which served
him well in future years. The youth of Mr. Casley
was not singled out for special favors on the part
of good fortune, and he is essentially a self-made
man, depending always upon the natural and ac-
quired gifts which aided his ambition. He was
reared to habits of extreme thrift by his parents, and

when he arrived at the age of twenty-two, with an
inborn determination to succeed, he embarked for
America, and landed in Quebec, Canada, on July
(1, 1882. His lirst jcjb was that of farmhand at the
meager wage of twenty dollars per month. This
served to tide him o\'er for a time, but not satisfied
with this, four months later he went to Michigan,
where he obtained employment in the iron and cop-
per mines. During the next year, he \vent to La
Salle County, 111., again taking up the work for
which he was best fitted, that of farming. He leased
land near Marseilles, HI., paying as high as four
dollars per acre rent, and was successful in his ven-
ture, his chief crop being corn. Still he was not
satisfied with farming as a vocation, and leaving the
scene of his success, he came to California in No-
vember, 1891, locating at San Jose. His early les-
sons in thrift had caused him to accumulate some
funds, and he ver}- soon invested in property in the
Montgomery and Rea subdivisions, later erecting a
residence on North Sevenleenth Street.

Before leaving Illinois. Mr. Casley was married
to Miss Salina Price in Alarseillcs on December 9,
1885. Mrs. Casley was also a native of England,
being born in Halsoen, September 16, 18SS, and she
came to America in 1880, locating in Illinois. Six
children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Casley: Albert,
deceased; William, deceased; Lizzie, deceased; Mary
married \Valter H. Ratz, and they have one child,
(iertrude, a graduate of high school, resides with her
parents; Alice, a graduate of the State Normal
School, is teaching in the public schools of San Jose.
ilrs. Casle\- passed away in October, 1915, and is
buried in the beautiful cemetery at Oak Hill, where
the children who are deceased are buried.

Soon after coming here, Mr. Casley chose his loca-
tion for his business, and with bis usual energy, he
has established himself as a general cement and
sewer contractor, making for himself an enviable
reputation. His one ambition, throu,ghout his busi-
ness career, has been to excel in the quality of his
work, and keeping this in mind at all times, he has
succeeded in establishing himself as the leading con-
tractor in his line of Santa Clara Count}'. He has
laid miles and miles of sewer and his cement work
has always been first class. Mr. Casley used a ditch-
ing machine in his work and was tbe first man to
own one in Santa Clara County. This is a great
labor-saving device, since before operating this ma-
chine, he regularly employed twenty-five men, and
now the same amount of work can be accomplished
with the help of four men. ^Ir. Casley has built
many of the beautiful bridges, which are tbe pride
of Santa Clara County, and be has been successful,
far beyond his expectations, in his chosen work.

Air, Casley has taken an active interest in Republi-
can politics ever since coming to the West, servin.g
as a delegate to the county convention on the Re-
publican ticket in 1910, Fraternally, he is a member
of the Woodmen of the World and an Odd Fellow.
He is a stockholder in the Don Jose Investment
Company of ,San Jose and has extensive real estate
interests in that city. He is public spirited and en-
terprising, and bis example of industry and sobriet>-
may well be followed by the seekers of success. Mr.
Casley received his citizenship papers while a resi-
dent of La Salle, 111., during the year of 1888, from
the Superior Court, presided over by Judge Snyder.

664

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

REV. A. W. NOEL PORTER, Ph. D.— A schol-
arly rtiircscntativc of the Episcopal clergy in Cali-
fornia, the Rev. Dr. A. W. Noel Porter, rector of
Trinity Episcopal Church, San Jose, enjojrs a status
and exerts an influence socially, nitellectually, and
religiously such as anyone might envy "who was de-
sirous of leading the world onward and upward to
l)etter things. He Avas born at Bellary, India, on
December IS, 1885, the son of John and Martha
(Starling) I'orter. John Porter was born in Devon-
shire, England, educated in the puljlic schools, and
graduated from a militar>- academy, after which he
received a college degree. He was then sent to India,
where he was promoted to be Regimental Inspector
and was put in charge of military schools. He mar-
ried in Barbados, of the West Indies, Miss Martha
Starling, wdio was born there, and had been educated
in a French academy at Paris: but as her parents
were extensive landowners in the West Indies and
the Isle of Barbados, she made her home (here.
They resided for a time in England then in Ireland
and then once in India, where the father died in 1888,
survived by liis wife and children, our subject and
his sister. Mrs. Albert Leehome of Santa Barbara.
The mother died in England in 1900.

Mr. Porter attended the Grosvenor House School
in England, which was located at Walthamstow,
and from there he was able to effect his entrance, by
examination, to the University of Southern California.
Coming out to Eos Angeles in 1902, in 1904 entered
the university. He acted as secretary and treasurer
of the S. D. Stnrgis & Bro. Company, while study-
ing, and enio}ecl a varied business experience
wdiich gave him a keen insight into practical busi-
ness inethods. He had already been fortunate in the
matter of inheritance: for his paternal ancestors,
from whom sprang men prominent in India and Aus-
tralia, were widely experienced in military and naval
affairs, and his forebears on his mother's side were
prominent as churchmen and plantation owners.
One branch of the Porter family were early settlers
of Virginia, members of which took part in the
Colonial and Revolutionary struggles. In 1908 Mr.
Porter received the Bachelor of Arts degree from
the LTniversity of Southern California, and six years
later he was given the Bachelor of Divinity from
the General Theological Seminary in New York-
City. In 1911 he had been ordained a deacon and
priest by Bishop Johnson and became rector of St.
James Episcopal Church in Eos Angeles, and in 191,5
he received his Master's degree from his Ahna
ilater. In 1916 the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
was conferred upon him by the College of the State
of Iowa.

In 1918 Doctor Porter was called to San Jose to
lill a vacancy- in the rectorship of Trinity parish,
caused by the resi.gnation, in November, 1917, of the
Rev. Halsey Werlein, and since then he has had
supervision of Christ Mission, San Jose, the Church
of Our Savior at Santa Clara, and St. Thomas' Mis-
sion at Sunnyvale. He has become vice-president
of the Civic Welfare Eeague, is a member of the
San Jose Chamber of Commerce and has acted as
vice-president of the Public Forum Committee. He
is the clerical member of the Rotary Club and is also
a member of the San Jose Country Club. He votes
with the historic Democratic party and finds delight
in seeking to elevate civic standards. He belongs

to the Phi Alpha fraternity. He was made a Mason
ui San Jose Lodge No. 10, F. c% A. M., is chaplain
of San Jose Eodge No. 522, B. P. O. E., and is in-
tensely interested in the Boy Scouts movement.
With over 800 communicants, Trinity parish may
well be said to be in a prosperous condition.

Since taking hold here in 1918, Doctor Porter has
continued untiringly as an educator, and he has car-
ried on the great work of Trinity Church uninter-
ruptedly. He gives especial attention to the all-
important matter of organization, both within and
without the church, and thereby better succeeds in
maintaining vital connections between his parish and
the rest of the social and religious world. He is also
a successful author, having written, among other
things, with facility and force, "The Bible in the
Praj'er Book," published in 1913, an index used by
many teachers; "Eove One Another," "Carry Your
Corner," and "The Inside Inn," together with some
of his best sermons. His publishers now have his
latest work on the last words from the Cross, under
the title, "Magnet of the World," which will soon
be off the press.

.\t Grace Cathedral, San Francisco, on June 12,
1912, the Rt. Rev. William Ford Nichols, Bishop of
California, joined Dr. Porter in matrimony with
Miss Dorothjf Hallowell, the daughter of John Hallo-
well of San Francisco, and a native of Mendocino
County, born near Fort Bragg. The union has been
singularly happJ^ and Doctor and Mrs. Porter's home
life has been rendered even brighter by their three
children, Noel Edmund, Cedrie Starling, and Richard
Grenville Porter.

GEORGE C. ANDERSON.— Among the pioneer
mercantile establishments of the Santa Clara Valley
that of the (?ieorge C. Anderson and Brother Grocery
Company stands well to the front, their business at
324- East Santa Clara Street having been established
for more than thirty years. Born at St. Louis, Mo.,
December 23, 1870, he is a son of Henry H. and
Caroline J. (Stillman) Anderson, who came to Cali-
fornia in 1875 and decided to make the Santa Clara
\'"alley thei'- permanent home, engaging in the
grocery business and establishing a line of stores.

George C. Anderson was educated in the public
SI liools of San Jose, but his spare hours were spent
in his father's .■^tore, thus early in life his training
began and he was soon put in charge of one of the
stores. When his father passed away in 1898, the
.^tores were gradually disposed of, and all efforts
were centered on the great store in San Jose. For
a number of years, Mr. ."Xnderson was engaged in
the manufacture of Beech Nut Jaffe, under the name
of the Fig Prune Company, which he established
but disposed of to the California Beech Nut Com-
tian>-: later he was the proprietor of the Mission
Leather Drapery Company, which was sold to a
Eos Angeles firm.

The marriage of Mr. Anderson occurred in San
Jose and united him with Miss Cora Hamil, whose
parents came to California in the 'fiOs. Mr. Ander-
son takes great pride in the beautiful grounds sur-
rounding their home and preserves his health by
personal care of his garden. Fraternally, he is iden-
tified with the Woodmen of the World. He has
witnessed much ot the growth and progress of this
part of the state, and has contributed to the
prosperity and imi)rovement of the city and state.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

665

ROBERT L. HOGG, M. D.— A iihvsician wlio,
following exceptional scicntitio and technical luepara-
tion for his work, and years of acti\e pracliee, has
come to take front rank among the hcst representa-
tives of medicine and snrgery in Santa Clara Connty,
is Dr. Robert L. Hogg. A native of Kentucky, he
was born April 27. 1873, at Booneville, the son of
Stephen P. and Sally Anna (^Combs) Hogg, both na-
tives of Kentucky. Stephen P. Hogg, the fatlier, was
J prominent attorney in his native state, where he
served as prosecuting attorney and also as a member
of the constitutional convention. Both parents have
now passed to their reward.

Robert L. started to learn the lessons of life in the
public schools and continued his course of stud\- at
the L'niversity of Kentucky, where he look a scien-
tific course and then entered the L'niversity of Louis-
ville, where he was graduated with the M. D. degree
in 1893. On lea\-ing the university he began his
practice at Hazard, Ky.; then in 1894 he removed to
Paso Robles, Cab, where he practiced for a year and
a half. In 1S95 he located at Saratoga, Santa Clara
Countv, since which date he has continued to prac-
tice here, a well known figure in the life of the com-
munity, prominent e(iually as a physician and sur-
geon and as a man with the best interests of his dis-
trict at heart, loyal to his state and to the eit_\- "where
he has resided so long.

The marriage of Dr. Hogg in Saratoga united him
with Miss Agnes Josephine Hourecan, a nati\-e
daughter of Saratoga. Her father. John Hourecan.
was a pioneer of California, coming to the state m
the early '50s, and was one of the early settlers of
Saratoga. Dr. and Mrs. Hogg are the parents of
three daughters; Melita Mary graduated at Stanford
l'niversity in 1921 with the degree of A. B., majoring
in psychology, and is now the director of the psycho-
logical chnic at Louisville, Ky.; Norma Dorothy is a
graduate of the State Teacher's College and now
teaching at Hanford; Agnes Gertrude is attending
the Dominican College at San Rafael. Dr. Hogg
showed his patriotism regardless of his large busi-
ness and property interests by volunteering his serv-
ices, enlisting in the Medical Corps of the L'. vS.
Army. He was commissioned a first lieutenant and
ft-as stationed at Fort Riley until after the armi.stice,
receiving his discharge December, 1918, when he re-
turned and resumed his practice. He is affiliated
politically with the Democratic party, and fraternally
if an Elk and an Odd Fellow, and also belongs to
the American Legion. He is an active and interested
nicmber of the American Medical Association, also
of the state and county medical organizations, and is
one of the examining surgeons for the LI. S. Pension
Department. Besides successfully taking care of a
large and lucrative practice, he looks after a fine
ranch property, which he owns in the vicinity of
Saratoga, and has large property interests in the town
of Saratoga, owning the Hogg Building, the princi-
pal business block in this thriving town. He im-
proved his orchard place, setting out most of it to
an orchard of prunes and apricots. He improved
fifty-three acres and sold it and now has an orchard
of thirty acres; here he has built his residence located
on the Saratoga Road above Saratoga where he re-
sides with his family. Dr. Hogg is active in the
Saratoga Improvement Association, serving two terms

as president and director of the Blossom I'eslival.
Deeply interested in the cause cjf education, he served
acceptably as a member of the schofjl board and is
an original trustee of the Los Catos Union high
school; he is one of the or.ganizers of the Saratoga
.State Bank and served as vice-jjresident and director
until it «as sold to the Carden City Bank & Trust
Comp.'iny; he was one of the organizers and .a stock-
holder and now a director of the Saratoga Inn. Inc.,
a local company formed to promcjte a new hotel in
Saratoga, which is a success and credit to the town,
in fact there is not a movement started tor the up-
building of the town and county that does not have
his heart)- support and cooperation. Before being
called into service, he was active in all war work,
chairman of the local war work council until he went
to Fort Riley and as such had charge of the various
Red Cross and Lilierty bond drives, all of which went
over-the-top in their subscriptions.

MILES MONROE CALEB.— A man of strong
personal iorcc. of the stimulating rather than the
aggressive kind. Aides Monroe Caleb, although re-
tired from active business life, is still a prominent
factor in the development of the resources of Santa
Clara Connty. A native of New York, Mr. Caleb
was born in a rural district twenty-two miles south
of BulTalo, Chautauqua County, July 31, 1842, the
son of Peter B. and Catherine (Stevenson) Caleb,
the father a native of Delaware County, N. Y., Avhile
the mother was reared in New Jersey. Jerry Caleb,
an uncle, served in the War of 1812 with distinction.
The boyhood of Miles M. Caleb was spent on the
farm, and he attended school in Orleans County,
in the great Empire State.

At the outbreak of the Civil War he ran away
from home and enlisted in Company B of the Third
Michigan Cavalry, under Captain Wilcox, on August
31, 1861. He began his training at Grand Rapids,
Mich., and by the first of November the regiment
was on its wa)' to St. Louis, Mo., and he was in the
battle of New Madrid, ten miles south of Island
No. 10 in the Mississippi River. Owing to the hard-
ships and exposure encountered in the service to his
country, he contracted a fever, was sent to a hospital
and remained there until July, 1862, when he had
sufficiently recovered to be removed to his home in
New York, but the physicians despaired of his life
and he was honorably discharged on account of phys-
ical disability in July, 1862. The careful nursing
of his home folks proved beneficial, and on Decem-
ber 10. 1863, he reenlisted in the army, this time with
Company A, Second New York Mounted Rifles,
under Captain Rushmore. He also served on de-
tached service under Gen. Phil. Sheridan, being
taken prisoner in October, 1864, at Richmond, but
was fortunate in being paroled in four days. Many
hardships were endured, and many narrow escapes;
four horses were shot from under him during battles.
His record as soldier deserves special mention, and
on August 23, 1865, he was honorably discharged at
Buffalo, N. Y. Two years later, he again took up
the work on the farm, and also went to Pennsylvania
and worked in the oil fields for two years.

In 1872 Mr. Caleb removed to Flint, Mich., and
it was there on July 29, 1874, that he w^as married to
Miss Lucile McNett, a daughter of Benjamin P,
McNett, a non-commissioned officer, who enlisted
from Saginaw, Mich., serving till the close of the war.

666

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Mr. Caleb followed his trade of carpenter for thirty-
five years while residing in Flint, Mich., and suc-
cessfully conducted a contracting and building busi-
ness. Three children have been born to Mr. and
Mrs. Caleb: Charles E. is married and resides in San
Francisco, he was a member of the Michigan Na-
tional (iuards; Harry A. resides at home with his
parents; Xellie G. is the w-ife of R. O. Price, and
they are the parents of two children. Mrs. Caleb
has served as president of the W. R. C. and is a
member of Ladies of the G. A. R., and in 1918 was
the honored president of the Sheridan-Dix Post No.
7 of the AV. R. C. of San Jose. It was during the
year of 1904 that the familj' decided to seek a milder
climate and removed to San Jose, wdierc they have
continuously resided, with the exception of three
years. They have an attractive and comfortable
home on Spencer Avenue, and are to make this their
permanent residence. After removing to San Jose,
Mr. Caleb, assisted by his son, Harry A., followed
contracting and building for nine 3'ears, and many
buildings attest his proficiency. In partnership with
his sons he purchased a twenty-acre vinej^ard in the
San Joaquin Valley, seventeen miles northwest of
Fresno, and resided there for three years, then the
vineyard was disposed of for $7,000.00; the same
ranch recently sold for $17,000.00. In his political
preferment, Mr. Caleb adheres to the principles of
the Republican party. Fraternally he is identified with
the Odd Fellows; he is also an active member of
Sheridan-Dix Post No. 7, G. A. R., of San Jose. As
one of the practical builders of the city the record
of his useful life forms no unimportant chapter in
the annals of Santa Clara County, and deserves a
permanent place in its history.

VALENTINE DAVID NICHOLS.— The record
of the life of Valentine D. Nichols, now living in re-
tirement in San Jose, is a striking exemplification of
the truth that industrj', perseverance and determina-
tion, reinforced by the sa.gacity resultant from con-
tact with the business world, is uniformly rewarded
by success. Born near Wolcottville, La Grange
County, Ind., October 26, 1845, he is the son of
Nelson Irvin and Keziah (Waltman) Nichols, the
latter born in Huntington, Pa., and coming to
La Grange Count}', Ind., as a bride in 18,34. Both
paternal and maternal grandparents were prominent
in the early history of New England. The father
was an early pioneer of Indiana, was prominent in
the development of the public school system of In-
diana, and was a leader in all advance tnovcments
for the betterment of his local community.

On September 17, 1862, Valentine D. Nichols en-
listed in the Twenty-third Indiana Battery, com-
manded by Capt. James H. Myers, and received his
training at Camp Noble, which is now included in
the present site of Indianapolis. While in training
at this camp, his battery was called out to stop the
raids of Morgan's men. The following year Mr.
Nichols' battery went to East Tennessee, and was
under the command of Burnside until he went East.
Extreme hardships were endured by the soldiers,
never stopping to establish winter quarters, but al-
ways in active service, and in 1864 found Mr. Nichols
with the Schofield Corps under General Sherman in
his famous Atlanta campaign. Mr. Nichols has the
remarkable record of being through twenty-seven
skirmishes and coming out without a wound; among

the battles in which he participated were Resaca,
Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Franklin, and Nashville.
Altogether Mr. Nichols served three years continu-
ously, lacking six weeks; was promoted to the rank
of corporal, for gallantry in action, and was mus-
tered out on July 2, 1865, at Indianapolis, returning
to his home on July 4, 1865. For a time he was
employed at farm work, and during the winter
months attended the academy adjacent to his home
town and taught one term in Indiana and later
several years in Minnesota. In 1868 he migrated to
Douglas County, Mich., settling on a homestead of
160 acres 104 miles from a railroad. By dint of
hard work, economy, and industry, he acquired a
farm of 400 acres. He specialized in white York-
shire hogs; also raised wheat, flax, oats, timothy, and
red clover. His standing in the community as a
successful a.griculturist and an influential citizen is
shown by the fact that for thirty-four consecutive
years he presided over the justice court at the town
of Brandon. In the organization of the township
of Brandon, Air. Nichols used his influence, and was
re\varded by bein.g elected clerk of the board, which
position he filled creditably for fifteen years; he
served as a school director for twenty-five years.
Mrs. Nichols was also elected a school director, and
has the distinction of being the first woman elected
to such an office in Douglas County; she also served
as treasurer oi the board for a number of years.
Politically, a stalwart Republican, he was a member
of the Republican County Central Committee; also
serving as a state delegate. He was a member of
John Reynolds Post No. 51, G. A. R., of Alexandria,
Minn., and he served as commander of this post two
years, or until his removal to California. His life
has always been actuated by the highest principles
of integrity, which has been used in the service of
his community, and wherever he has resided, the
community has been greatly benefitted.

The marriage of Mr. Nichols on December 24.
1877, united him with Aliss Katharine Landa, a
daughter of Albert and Mary (Kaiser) Landa, natives
of Bohemia, who migrated to America in 1855, set-
tling in Iowa for nine j^ears and then went to Minne-
sota. Thejr were stanch admirers of their adopted
country and both lived to a good age, the mother
being eighty-four and the father seventy-five when
they passed away. Four children were born to Mr.
and Mrs. Nichols: Ethel, now Mrs. Elmer Riley,
resides in Alontcrey County; Benjamin, a rancher at
Butte, Mont., is married and has two children; Kezia
is the wife of James Duncan, they are the parents
of six children and reside in San Jose; Marcus, a
rancher, also of Butte, Mont., has a wife and four
children. Air. and Airs. Nichols had two grandsons,
Marcus J. and Valentine David Ukestad, both from
North Dakota, serving in the World War, the latter
still in the U. S. Navy. In fact, from the early In-
dian and Revolutionary wars to the present time,
members of the Nichols family have been partici-
pants, with the exception of the war with Mexico.

Mr. Nichols came to California in 190J, settling in
San Jose and bought a place in College Park, at
854 Elm Street, content to reside here for the re-
maining years of his life. Since locating here three
of Airs. Nichols' sisters have located in San Jose on
account of the climate. Air. and Airs. Nichols have
made a number of visits to their old home in Minne-

HISTORY OF SANTA CI,AKA COUNTY

669

sota, but they prefer the milder ehmate of California
for their permanent residenee. Mr. Niehols is an
honored member of the Col. .'\. 0. Bennett I'o.st G. A.
R. of San Jose, and a life member of the Union
Veteran Legion, serving as colonel of Camp 160.
San Jose. In the years past, while a resident of
Minnesota. Mr. Nichols was extremely fond of
hunting and fishing, and this sport ■\\as both pleasant
and profitable, as the streams of Minnesota abound
with fish, and the forests were full of wild game.

ORVILLE BENJAMIN HART.— .V native son
who displayed much business ability and became
very successful in the business life of Los (_iatos was
the late Orville Benjamin Hart, a native son of this
great commonwealth, born near Gilro\-. Santa Clara
County. December 26. 1S71. His father. L B. Hart,
was a native of New York and was an early settler
of Santa Clara County, becoming a snceessftd and
prominent rancher in the Evergreen district, wdiere
he spent his last days, passing away Alay 2, 1922,
aged eighty-three years. His widow, who was Miss
Helen Cottle, is a native of I\Lssouri. Of their five
children, Orville B. was the second oldest, being
reared on the farm to habits of industry and useful-
ness while he attended the public schools. After
completing the local school he entered a business
college in San Jose, where he was duly graduated.
He then engaged in ranching at Hollister until 1909.
when he came to Los Gatos and purchased the Ford
agency, to which he gave his undivided time, liuild-
ing up a large business with a complete repair anil
service station, but his health became impau'ed and
he was not permitted to enjoj' the fruits of his labors,
for he was cut down while still comparatively in the
prime of life, passing away on March 11, 1922. He
was a truly good man. liberal and enterprising, who
always willingly aided all movements that had for
their aim the building up of the community. His
taking away left a void not easilj- filled, he was
mourned by his family and many friends. He was
a popular member of the Odd Fellows and the Elks,
as well as the Los Gatos Chamber of Commerce and
the Santa Clara Valley Auto Trades Association.
Politically he was an ardent Republican.

Mr. Hart was first married in San Francisco to
Miss Matilda Prusch, born in San Jose; she was a
graduate of the San Jose High School and the San
Jose State Normal, and was a teacher until her mar-
riage. She was a woman of much literary ability
and many of her poems appeared in the Short Story
Magazine, but owing to the time and care she spent
with her two children. Haven and Jean, she was un-
able to give much time to literary w-ork, as she
would otherwise have done. The short poems from
her pen, published from time to time, told of Nature's
charms and human emotions in lan.guage that had
the inspiration of the true poet. She passed awa\-
April 16, 1912, mourned by all who knew her. Mr.
Hart's second marriage united him with Mrs. Susie
(Mason) Dietrich, the ceremony being performed in
San Jose, April 16, 1919. She was born near Fort
Bidwell. Modoc County, the daughter of Eli and
Susan (Thomas) Mason, natives of Kentucky, who
crossed the plains in an ox-team train to California
in pioneer days. Mr. Mason was an early settler
of Modoc County and later moved to Lakeview.
Ore., where he served as county judge for many
years, resigning his office to return to his ranch in

Modoc County, and there he resided until his death,
txvent\-fi\'e _\'ears .ago lie \v;is a popular Mason. His
widow now makes her home in Cliieo, the mother of
nine children, live of whom are living. Mrs. Hart,
the >iiungest of the family, was graduated from the
l.ake\'iew high school. Her first marria.ge was to
1 )r. Adoliih Dietrich, a practicing physician of Pitts-
burg, Kans.. where he passed away December 12,
1''12, leaving a son, l^eo Oliver Dietrich, who was
graduated from the Los Gatos high school, but wa.s
called to the ^vorld beyond in September, 1920, Since
her husband's death Mrs. Hart continues to reside
al (he old home, looking after the interests left by
Mr. flart Lind caring for and seeing to the education
of his tno children, Ha\cn and Jean, Fraternally
she is a member of the J^ebckahs and Royal Neigh-
bors, and the Delphian Club of San Jose.

GEORGE DOUGLAS COTTON.— Identified with
(he Southern Pacific Railroad Coinpany for over
thirty-one \-ears as general yardmaster, George Doug-
las Cotton is a native of Illinois, having been born
in Chicago on July 6, 1867, a son of Edward and
I'^liza Frances (Carey) Cotton. His father, for years
a, traveling salesman, \\-as born in New- York State
and was descended from En.glish ancestry, the family
being among the Puritan settlers of Massachusetts.
Patriots in every generation, his ancestors served in
(he \Var of 1812, the Revolutionary War, the Civil
War, as well as the Spanish-American War and the
World War. Mrs. Cotton was born in Troy, N. Y.,
a daughter of Har\'e\- and Jane (Russell) Carey, also
of an old New England family and Revolutionary
stock. She died in Oakland in 1914, Edward Cotton
having passed away in 1888. Of their three children,
George is the eldest and was reared in Erie, Pa, the
Cotton family having moved to Pennsylvania when
be was a youn.g lad, and thus, he was educated in
the public schools of that state, and in the city of
J'.rle, as «'ell as an advanced school under Professor
Diefenbaugh. When he became sixteen years of age,
he joined the ranks of the Pennsylvania railroad sys-
tem and here he was employed in yard service for
three years; he then went to the Lake Shore and
;\.'ichigan Southern railroad and was in their train
service for a period of one year and then going with
the Chicago, Milwaukee and St, Paul Railroad Com-
]iany, he worked in the same service with headquar-
ters in ^Minneapolis, Minn., until he came to the
coast, in 189(1. He was employed in the Oakland
_\ards as general yardmaster for the Southern Pacific
railroad, and during his stay in Oakland built a resi-
dence on Thirty-seventh Street near Telegraph; then
m 1907 he was transferred to San Francisco in the
same capacity and continued there, with the Southern
Pacific Railroad Company until 1914 when he was
transferred to San Jose, having in all served this
company for thirty-one years as general yardmaster.

Mr. Cotton's marriage in Oakland united him with
Miss Harriet C. Hunter, a native dau.ghter of Cali-
fornia, having been born in L^kiah ; her parents were
easterners who crossed the plains in pioneer days. Mr.
and Mrs. Cotton are the parents of two children, Har-
riet and Geraldine. ]Mr, Cotton was very active dur-
ing the World War in the war drives, taking part
in the Liberty Loan, Red Cross and other A\-ar drives.
He is a Mason, a member of Alcatraz Lodge No.
244, F. & A. M. and Alcatraz Chapter No. 82, R. A,
M., both of Oakland; and a member of the Brother-
hood of Railroad Trainmen, having been secretary

670

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

of the local order for many years and a ixiembcr for
thirty-five years. In national politics he is a stanch
Republican, but in local matters he is very liberal
ni his views, voting for the men and the best meas-
ures and alwaj's on the side of progress and the up-
building of his community.

LESTER H. HELWIG.— Among the i^rms that
have their origin in San Jose is that of Sheehy &
Hehvig, chartered accountants and nicome tax con-
sultants, who have several branch offices over the
state of California, where they offer great advan-
tages to Internal Revenue taxpayers in compiling
reports of income tax, excess and war profits taxes,
estate and inheritance taxes, capital stock and state
taxes, accurately and according to the requirements
of tlie Internal Revenue Department. The junior
partner of the llrm, Lester H. Helwig has been con-
nected with both vState and Federal service since
1904 in dift'erent capacities both ia Washington and
California.

J.Ir. Helwig was born in Nevada County, Cal., on
February 2, 1880, and was the son of John H. and
Emma (Bishop) Helwig. The mother is a native
daugliter of a '49er, her father Alexander Keith
Bishop and wife lia\'ing crossed the plains twice with
ox team and once by the wa)^ of Cape Horn, wdiile
iier husband, John H. Helwig, also crossed the plains
at tlie age of nineteen, arriving in California in the
year 1849. After mining for a while, he engaged in
the wholesale meat busniess in North Bloomfield, Ne-
vada County, the town that contained the largest
hydraulic mine in tlie world. The father passed
away in 1909 but Mrs. Helwig, who was born at
Chinese Camp in 1855 is still living and makes her
home in San Jose. This worthy couple had six
children, five of whom arc living, our subject being
the fourth child of the family. He was reared in
Nevada County and attended school there until he
leached the age of seventeen, at which time he
came to San Jose, where he .graduated from the
Santa Clara High School in 1900. He then attended
Stanford University for three years after which he
took a course in Falkenaw Minin,g >School, ,San Fran-
cisco, lor a year and then worked in the mines in
Nevada and Sierra County in different positions. He
worked as an assayer in Searchlight, Nevada, and
was superintendent of the cyanide plant of the Search-
l-ght Milling &■ Mining Company for three years
He also spent one year as superintendent of the
Pine Grove Mining Company in Amador County. He
lield the position of U. S. storekeeper in the em-
ploy of the government off and on for a period of
ten years and then took charge of the Internal Reve-
nue Office for another three years at 3. plant in Wash-
ington where ethyl alcohol was manufactured from
sawdust. On coming back to California, he resigned
from the Internal Revenue Service and accepted
the charge of the .'^an Diego office of the Commercial
Fisheries Department of the California State Fish
and Game Commission.

In 1919 the present partnership with P. G. Sheehy
was formed as chartered accountants and income tax
consultants, as Mr. Helwig had been associated with
Mr. Sheehy as a deputy collector in the San Jose In-
ternal Revenue Office during the income tax work
in 1917 and 1918 when the excess profit law was first
passed. During this time he took another course in
business training and higher accountancy and so is
thoroughly trained both in income tax and accoun-

tancy work. In 1919 he received the degree of char-
tered accountant froin the Institute of Chartered
A-ccountants of the State of California.

Mr. Hehvig's marriage in Nevada City united him
v>'ith Miss Ethel Landsburg, born in Nevada County,
the daughter of James S. Landsburg, one of the
pioneers of Nevada County, and they are the parents
of two children, Naida and Barbara. He is a Knights
Templar Mason and also a member of Islam Tem-
ple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of San Francisco and of the
100 Per Cent and Commercial clubs of San Jose.

VICTOR DORNBERGER.— One of Santa Clara
County's prominent residents well known through
his educational activities, is Victor Dornberger, a
native son of Santa Clara County, born September
4, 1865. His father, Lambert Dornberger, was a
natii-e of F'rance, born in Alsace, France, April 3,
1828, and was for a few years employed in the dairy-
ing business in his native land. On June 9th, 1850,
he left his native country and journeyed to the United
States and by way of the Isthmus of Panama arrived
m ,San Francisco in the year 1854; in 1856 he moved
into Santa Clara County, settled on a ranch at the
head of Stevens Creek, back of Los Altos; in 1869 he
moved the family to Mayfield, Santa Clara County.
His marriage, in 1861, had united him with Miss
Anna Kleinclaus, also a native of Alsace, and seven
children were born to them, six sons, all living, and
one daughter, ilrs. Julia Ross, now deceased. The
father passed away in 1910 and the mother in 1900.

A^ictor Dornberger received his preliminary educa-
tion in the public schools of Mayfield, later supple-
menting it with a full course at the State Normal at
San Jose, graduating with the class of 1885. His
first teaching experience was for seven years at
Mayfi(,dd, the family home town; then in December,
1894, he went to Wadsworth, Nev., where he re-
mained as principal for four years; then to Lovelock,
Nev.. for five 3'ears; then returned to Mayfield, Cal.,
where he taught for seven years. In the year of 1911
he took charge of the Lincoln School, San Jose,
where he is still instructor, and to his efforts are due
much of th: great progress and development which
have characterized the public schools of this city.

His first marriage united him with Miss Susie M.
Beeson, who passed away in 1917; one child, Victrine
Suzette, was born to them. His second marriage
was to Miss Mary F. Corkery, daughter of an old
pioneer family. While principal of the school at
Mayfield, Mr. Dornberger served on the town board
and for one year was chairman of the board. Dur-
ing the recent war, gave active assistance in all the
drives; assisted the physicians with the physical and
mental examinations of the soldiers and sailors. He
has rendered valuable assistance in maintaining the
standard of excellence in educational affairs in his
vicinity, and he may be relied upon at all times to
support measures which have for their object the
betterment and progress of mankind. He is a con-
sistent member of the Catholic Church and is a mem-
Ijer of the California Teachers' Association and the
-Mational Educational Association, and he has taken
lecture courses at the Teachers' College as -well as
in Nevada, while a resident there. Of the original
ranch purchased by Lambert Dornberger, consisting
of 1,300 acres, 800 of it is now owned by Victor and
his twin brother, Albert L. Dornberger, and known
as the Dornberger Ranch.

^r3.-w««™ ^ fT^ff^- -:^ ^ )«; -Ty^^nrspf/"^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

673

GEORGE W. COX. — Foremost among the pio-
neer ranchers and farmers in Santa Clara County
is George W. Cox, a native son of Santa Clara
County, who has contributed his share in the up-
building and in the growth and progress in the
neigiiborhood of Saratoga. He was born at the old
Cox homestead, November 23, 1861, the son of Wil-
liam and Dicey (Baggs) Cox, both natives of Ohio,
and pioneers of Santa Clara County, whose interest-
ing biography is found on another page in this his-
tory. George W. Cox was educated in the Moreland
public school, where he gained a good education.
From the time he was a small boy he assisted his
father on the farm, and while still quite young made
a hand driving the big teams in the grain fields.
In 1884 he began working at the carpenter's trade,
and followed it oflf and on from 1884 till 1892, except
the time he spent (in 188S-'86) attending the Garden
City Business College, then held over the Farmers'
Union Store in San Jose, in charge of Prof. H. B.
Worcester. After he was graduated from this insti-
tution he again resumed his trade. In 1887 he as-
sisted his father when he began setting out his
ranch to orchards, as well as helping to set out other
early orchards in this section. In 1892 he gave his
time to the care of the home orchards, and in 1895
he married Miss Emma Walter, who was born near
Mountain View, a daughter of Mathias and Carrie
(Krause) Walter and a sister of H. C. Walter.

After his marriage Mr. Cox located on his present
place and built a pleasant home, and in 1900 he built
the present commodious residence. His home place
comprises twenty acres on Cox Avenue, set to
orchard as early as 1891, and he also owns a fifteen-
acre orchard on Saratoga Avenue, all devoted to the
culture of prunes. In 1913 he bored a deep well and
obtained a good flow of water, having an electric
pumping plant with a capacity of 750 gallons per
minute, sufficient not only for irrigating his own
orchards but several of his neighbors. He has given
much thought to his orchards and they are culti-
vated in a scientific and intelligent manner.

Mr. Cox was bereaved of his faithful wife, who
passed away January 7, 1916, leaving a son, Ivan,
who is ably assisting his father in his ranching en-
terprise. He married Miss Florence Plaskett and
they are the proud parents of two children, Robley
and Alode Elizabeth. George W. Cox's second mar-
riage occurred March 29, 1920, when he was united
with Mrs. Margaret (Faletti) Morello, the widow
of Frank Morello and the daughter of Mr. and Mrs.
Joseph Faletti. By her first marriage Mrs. Cox be-
came the mother of four children: Theresa, Charles,
Joseph and Frank. Mr. Cox is a believer in co-
operation as the best method of marketing the fruit,
and is a member of the California Prune and Apricot
Growers' Association.

LORENZO V. SLAVICH.— A resident for many
years of Santa Clara County, who has demonstrated
his admiration for his adopted country, by fostering
and promoting every movement for the advancement
of the community in which he makes his home, is
Lorenzo V. Slavich, who was born on October 30,
1857, in Dalmatia, Jugo-Slavia, Austria, on the Isle
of Brazza, town of Mirce, a son of John and Katherine
(Nizetich) Slavich, well-to-do farmers, and manu-
facturers of olive oil and wine. The father and
mother of Lorenzo V. Slavich were members of the
Catholic Church, and the father served his local

community as town trustee; he lived to be eighty-
one years of age and passed away in his native land,
honored and respected by all. The mother also lived
to be eighty-one years old.

Lorenzo V. Slavich attended the public schools of
.\Iirce until he had reached the age of fifteen, when
he sailed for America. His uncle, the late George
Slavich, proprietor of the Union Restaurant, the
oldest business of the kind in San Jose, had written
for him to come to California, but was taken seri-
ously ill, and just before the arrival of Lorenzo, had
moved away, and the restaurant was disposed of,
and it was three years before he saw his uncle.
When Lorenzo arrived the only thing left for him
to do was to seek employment elsewhere, and he
found a position that paid ten dollars per month.
Within three months he accepted another position
at a wage of twenty-five dollars per month. Thrilled
with the stories of the wealth to be found in mining,
he went to Amador County, where he entered the
employ' of the Plymouth Consolidated Mining Com-
pany, working in their mill; later he removed to
Eldorado County, where a large flume was in the
course of construction for carrying water for placer
mining. He worked there for some time, but on
account of the closing of the California National
Bank of San Francisco, the company was forced to
quit and Mr. Slavich obtained only a small part of the
money for which he had labored so hard. He be-
came an American citizen while residing in Eldorado
County. He was now twenty-one years old, and
concluded to return to San Jose. He conducted a
billiard parlor for a time during 1882, but sold out
and invested the proceeds in a restaurant in Gilroy,
which proved to be a wise move, and which netted
him liberal profits during his five years there. How-
ever, he disposed of this business and returned to
San Jose and became manager of a restaurant, where
he remained ten years.

In May, 1897, Mr. Slavich purchased a restaurant
business on West San Fernando Street, and after
spending about $7,000 on improvements, the res-
taurant was opened for business on June 25, 1897.
Friends came from all parts of the state to enjoy the
special program, and to bestow good wishes for
success and prosperity on the enterprise. His ven-
ture proved a profitable one, and for many years
his establishment has yielded a handsome income,
and was known throughout the northern part of the
state as a place where one was sure to procure an
excellent meal. Very recently, on account of failing
health, Mr. Slavich has been forced to relinquish his
activity, and has turned over the business to his
son-in-law, John V. Slavich, who served as manager
of the restaurant for twenty-one years.

The first marriage of Mr. Slavich united him with
Miss Annie Winegarden, a daughter of one of Santa
Clara County's pioneer families, born and reared in
San Jose, in a house which formerly stood, and
where now stands the Federal building, on the cor-
ner of Market and San Fernando streets. Her father,
William Winegarden, was a merchant in the early
days. He married Miss Marie Messa, who was
born in Sausalito, a daughter of a very old Spanish
family of Northern California. Mr. and Mrs. Slavich
had three children: John died when two and a half
years old; Katherine married John V. Slavich of San
Jose and she died September 5, 1921, leaving a daugh-
ter, Gwenny; and Celestina Olga, the wife of Gus

674

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Wendt. a well known merchant of San Jose. Mr.
Slavich has been prominent in all movements for the
iipbuildings of his adopted city, and gives unstint-
ingly of his time and means to every activity. He
was one of the numlier of progressive citizens who
organized and named the Slavonic-American Benefit
Society of San Jose in 1894, with a charter mem-
l)ership of thirty-eight, and he was president for
eleven consecutive years. He was the recipient of
two medals presented by the societjr in appreciation
of his untiring energy and efforts in behalf of the
work. Ife is also an active member of the Italian
Renevolent Society of San Jose, also a member and
president for about twelve years of the Austrian
Benevolent Society of San Jose, and was a charter
member of the Chamber of Commerce. Politically,
he is a stanch Democrat, and has served on the
local election board as judge for the past twenty-
five years. Since the founding of the San Jose
branch of the Bank of Italy, Mr. Slavich has been a
member of the board of directors.

Mr. Slavich's life was saddened by the death of
his wife on May 26, 1911, a woman of culture and
education, a graduate of Notre Dame, speaking flu-
entl_v both Spanish and English. She was mourned
by a host of loving friends besides the members of
her immediate family. During the year 1893, Mr.
Slavich made a tour through France, Germany,
Austria, and Italy, spending four months visiting his
parents, and renewing the acquaintances of boyhood.
-A-ftcr his return to California the residence located at
221 West St. James Street was built, and has since
been the center of many happy gatherings.

The second marriage of Mr. Slavich occurred
December 6, 1914, uniting him with Miss Marica
Gligo, also a native of Jugo-Slavia, and a resident
of San Jose since 1914. They are the parents of one
daughter, Draga. Mrs. Slavich has two brothers,
who are merchants in San Pedro, Cal.

The part which Mr. Slavich has borne in the
development of this county is one which every patri-
otic and public-spirited citizen feels it an honor to
bear, and when appealed to for practical aid in
promoting the well being of his community he gives
freely of his time and means.

SIVERT HJERLIED SHELLEY, C. E.— A suc-
cessful civil engineer whose long years of arduous,
pro.gressive service have led to a comfortable retire-
ment, is Sivert Hjerlied Shelley, who was born at
Dovre, Norway, on December 8, 1835, the son of Ola
.ind Marit Hjerlied, under whose wise and skilful
guidance the lad grew to boyhood. Travelers of one
kind or another who stopped at the village of Dovre
had a wonderful influence in stimulating the imagina-
tion and ambition of Sivert Hjerlied, and it was with
a good deal of joyful excitement, as well as some
sadness, that at the age of thirteen, he bade his
parents goodbye and made off for Christiania, the
capital of Norway. There he served an apprentice-
ship of four and one-half years to a civil engineer
and then he attended the government's navy yard
school, earning his own way.

After leaving school he went to Sweden where he
was draftsman in the office of a large plant, rolling
mill, ship building, bridge work, etc., and after he
had demonstrated his ability he was made the super-
intendent of the boiler plant. This was located on
the canal between Gottenberg and Stockholm. In
1862 he went to England, located near Middles-

brough on the River Tees, became a draftsman and
one year after his arrival there he was called upon
to take charge of the construction for a firm of ship-
owners at Trondjheim, Norway, of a ship at Hull,
England. He had never seen any member of this
firm, but his reputation had preceded him. After
completing this vessel he built two others, these were
constructed at the same yard as the liner Lusitania.

Mr. Shelley later was made manager and had
entire charge of the engineering department of a
large plant of four units and thus established a name
for himself as one of the leading construction en-
gineers of England. He made the plans and super-
intended the construction of a large bridge over the
River Tees, near Saltburn, England; and while the
great Brooklyn Bridge was under way in New York,
he was drawing plans for a prospective bridge over
the Firth of Forth, but this never was completed.
Mr. Shelley left the construction business and em-
barked in the manufacturing and refining of sugar
and a product of his plant was a special colored pow-
dered su.gar; making all of his own machinery used
in his plant and superintending the work himself.
This returned him handsome profits, wdien he sold
out in 1888. His dyes were pure vegetable and were
imported from France. Mr. Shelley invented and
had patented several inventions, among them a
smoke consumer, an appliance attached to the boiler.
The last year of his residence in England our subject,
through court procedure, added Shelley to his name.

Mr. Shelley was married at Middlesbrough, Eng-
land, September 12, 1867, to Miss Elizabeth Sharp,
daughter of Isaac Sharp a well known missionary
and inspector of missions. It was while he was
traveling about the world on a religious visit in 1891
that he visited the Santa Clara Valley and stopped
a short time with his daughter. He died in 1897,
past ninety years of age, at his home at Stratford-on-
Avon. Seven children blessed the union of Mr. and
.Mrs. Shelley, five of them now living:

Harold H. is a rancher in this county; Elsie H. is
the wife of Professor H. Heath, Ph. D., of Stanford
University, and they live at Palo Alto; Ida H. main-
tains a music studio and is a well known teacher of
music in Sacramento; Helen H. is a doctor of os-
teopathy in San Jose; and Oswald H. is a civil engi-
neer, now living in San Francisco. There are also
six grandchildren.

Mr. Shelley had made up his mind to come to the
United States and in 1887 his wife and some mem-
bers of the family left England to join their eldest
son, who had come to the Santa Clara Valley in
1886. As soon as Mr. Shelley could conclude his
1)usiness engagements he, too, came to join his fam-
ily. He had invested in ten acres of land here before
he made the journey, and after he came he made
further investments in various ranch enterprises in
the Santa Clara Valley, at the same time that he
had enlisted his sons in the ventures and undertak-
ings. At the age of eighty-six, he is still hale and
hearty in body and mind — a good student, a deep
reader, a profound thinker. His public-spiritedncss,
as well as his experience of life in various countries
have prompted him, very naturally, to favor educa-
tional advancement in the Santa Clara Valley, and
he has thus been able to do much toward that kind
of permanent broad-minded development which must
mean so nmch for the future. At present Mr. and
Mrs. Shelley make their home at 137 North Thir-
teenth Street, San Jose.

^

HISTORY OF SANTA CF.ARA COUNTY

675

At San Jose, Mr. Shelley reeeived his paper ceiii-
fyiiig to his citizenship in the United States, and
since that time he has done what he cotild to stinui-
late American patriotism, lie votes with the Repuh-
'.icans, is a live wire in the local Chamher ol Com-
merce, and beloni;s to and supports the programs of
the State Grange of California.

LA FAYETTE COX.— Long years of active and
successful ranching in Santa Clara County, have won
for LaFayette Cox the reputation of being a scientific
horticulturist and an up-to-date farmer and he ar-
dently champions all measures having for their aim
the betterment of horticultural interests in Santa
Clara Valley. He was born on his father's old home-
stead near Saratoga, September 29, 1869, the son of
William and Dicey (Baggs) Cox, pioneers of Santa
Clara County represented elsewhere in this history.

La Fayette Cox is the youngest of a family of
nine children and enjoyed the privileges of the pub-
lic schools in the Moreland district and has always
lived in Santa Clara Valley. After completing the
grammar school he took a course in the Garden City
Commercial College of which H. B. Worcester was
the proprietor, the school being located over the
Farmers LTnion on the corner of San Pedro and
Santa Clara streets. There he was graduated on
May 10, 1886. Budd Cox, as he is familiarly known
by his many friends — a name that has clung to him
since his childhood — was early set to work on the
farm aiding his father and learned habits of indus-
try and thrift as well as close application to his tasks.
Thus as a boy he learned to drive the big teams in
the grain fields. His father began setting out or-
chards in 1886 so it fell to the lot of Budd to assist
setting out all these orchards on the old William Cox
ranch, the one on his present place being set out in
1891. The}' raised the nursery stock to set out the
orchards and from the time Mr. Cox was eight years
of age he learned to bud and graft and to care for the
trees. He is intensely interested in his work and has
made a close study of the science of horticulture and
is an authority in this line of endeavor. He now
owns forty-three acres a part of his father's old ranch
which was originally purchased in the early fifties,
and is devoted to prunes and apricots.

In Campbell, August 4, 1900, Mr. Cox was married
to Miss Etta Trailor, who was born at Kelseyville,
Lake County, in 1880 a daughter of Eli and Nancy
(Marvin) Trailor, both natives of Illinois who mi-
grated to California in 1870 and located in Lake
County, where they resided until their death, the
father passing away at the age of sixty-eight and the
mother at sixty-six years. This worthy couple were
the parents of eleven children six of whom are living
as follows: Mrs. Laura Lukens of Oakland; Henry,
Joshua M. and Clififord A., all of Lake County; I\Irs.
Rose Bulen of San Leandro; Mrs. Etta Cox, the
youngest, received her education in the schools of
Kelseyville and Vacaville, California, until her par-
ents moved to Campbell, Santa Clara County, and it
was here she met La Fayette Cox, the acquaintance
resulting in their marriage.

By close application to his work and the use of mod-
ern machinery and up to date methods Mr. Cox keeps
his orchards in the finest shape thus insuring good
crops of high class fruit. He has always had the as-
sistance of his capable wife to whom he gives no
small amount of credit for his success and the

achievement of his ambition. He lives by the Golden
Rule and is highly esteemed and appreciated by all
who know him.

lie enjoys hunting and has a number of hne ant-
lers, trophies of many pleasant hunting trips to the
mountains, a sport he thoroughly enjoys. In nation-
al politics Mr. Cox is a Democrat. An enterprising
and progressive rancher, he holds an enviable po-
sition among his fellow-citizens as an unusually suc-
cessful farmer and horticulturist.

EDWARD M. WEAVER.— A resident of Santa
Clara County since 1875, Edward M. Weaver, who
has been very active in all that tends to promote the
general welfare of his adopted county and particu-
larly of the city of San Jose. Llis birth occurred on
a farm near Willimantic, Windham County, Conn.,
on September 21, 1842, his parents being Joseph E.
and Almina (Dunham) Weaver, both natives of
Connecticut. The father was a millwright by occu-
pation, who migrated to the Pacific Coast in 1874,
where he followed his trade at the Lick Mills at
Alviso, and at Saratoga, also at Guadalupe mine.
The paternal antecedents were prominently identified
with the settling of Connecticut. Their family con-
sisted of six children, the mother passing away early
in life. Edward was reared on a farm, receiving his
education in the public schools of his native county
until he was twelve, and after that attended only
through the winter months and assisted his father
during the summer. On September 15, 1861, he
enlisted at Hartford in Company D. Eighth Con-
necticut Volunteer Infantry, under Captain Ward.
The company went to Long Island, later going to
Annapolis, at which place they entered Burnside's
Expedition. }vlany skirmishes and battles were
fought, among them being Roanoke Island, Battle
of Newbern, Fort Mason, South Mountain,
Antietam, Walthall Junction, Swift Creek, Drury
Bluft, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Fort Harrison and
Richmond. During the battle of Antietam Mr.
Weaver received severe wounds, one ball passing
through his side, another entering his arm at the
elbow and coming out near the wrist, another one
hitting the little finger of the left hand. After he
was wounded he was in danger of capture, but being
a good runner, escaped, though many of his com-
rades were sent to Libby Prison. On account of his
term of enlistment having expired he was discharged
December 23, 1863, but veteraned and reenlisted in
the same company, receiving his second discharge
December 12, 1865, reaching his home in Connecticut
after serving four years and three months.

The marriage of Mr. Weaver with Miss Emma A.
Robinson occurred May 12, 1869, and they became
the parents of three children: John E. is married and
has five living children and resides on a sixty-acre
property on the McLaughlin Road adjacent to San
Jose; Clarence Jvl., who served as an employee of the
government in the San Jose post office for thirteen
years, is now deceased, he is survived by one son,
Claude W., who is married and resides in San Fran-
cisco, where he is in the employ of the Pacific Tele-
phone and Telegraph Company; Angeline W. Snow,
the daughter, is the wife of Prof. I. W. Snow, super-
intendent of the Los Gatos schools. She is a gradu-
ate of the San Jose high school in the class of 1905;
of Stanford University, class of 1909, and of the
San Jose Xormal, class of 1910, and followed the

676

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

profession of teaching for nine years at Morgan
Hill, Los Gatos and Campbell, until her marriage
m 1920. Mrs. Weaver is the daughter of John and
Angeline (Hamilton) Robinson, whose paternal an-
cestors were among the early colonists who settled
:n America. Her father was a stonemason and a
successful contractor. He was born in Massachu-
setts, was taken to Connecticut when six weeks old
and there he and his wife, who was born in Portage
County, Ohio, passed away.

In 1875 Mr. Weaver and family removed to the
Pacific Coast, settling on a twenty-acre ranch in The
Willows, a beautiful rural district near San Jose
and where they still reside on four acres of the
original property. They are among the pioneer fruit
growers of the Santa Clara Valley. The principal
crop of his orchard is cherries and apricots. On the
place is a mammoth fig tree planted forty years ago,
that has grown to be fiftj^ feet high, with a spread
of sixty feet in circumference, bearing large, luscious
figs in abundance. Mr. Weaver is affiliated Avith
Sheridan-Dix Post No. 7, G. A. R., of San Jose,
Department of California and Nevada. Fraternally he
is a Mason, being actively identified while residing
in Connecticut, but now dcmitted. In all public mat-
ters Mr. Weaver has always taken an active and
liberal part and he has come to be recognized as one
of the prominent and trust-worthy citizens of the
community, his straightforward honesty having won
for him many friends. In all of his business inter-
ests he has manifested good executive ability and
his labors have brought to him a good return.

ANTON SCHIRLE & SONS.— A manufacturing
firm that has built up a large business and contributed
very materially in the building up of San Jose and
Santa Clara County is Anton Schirle & Sons, proprie-
tors of the Fourth Street Planing Mill, which they
opened in 1915. The large and commodious building
is located at Fourth and San Fernando streets,
equipped with the most modern planing mill machin-
ery and electric power, and here they manufacture
sash, doors, mouldings and do all kinds of mill work;
and handle all grades of lumber, shipping to different
parts of the state. The firm is composed of Anton
Schirle and his five sons. Anton Schirle was born
near Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, Germany, on April 1,
1861, the son of Matthew and Catherine Schirle, both
oi whom passed away some years ago. He was edu-
cated in the schools of Germany and came to Amer-
ica at the age of twenty-one, first working in Detroit
m the Pullman car shops for four years, going from
there to the Pullman car shops at Chicago for a short
t;me, then to New York City for three years, working
;.t his trade in large manufacturing establishments.
In 1888 he came to California, stopping at Fresno
for ten months, and in 1889 w^ent to San Francisco
and worked at his trade until 1892, when he came
to San Jose. Returning to San Francisco in 1896,
he continued there until 1900, when he returned to
San Jose. Here he began working in the mill and
in 1915, with his son, Al M.. under the firm name
of Anton Shirle & Sons, leased this building and
mill and began operating, employing eighteen men.
They have made wonderful progress, their business
now extending all over the state.

Anton Schirle's marriage in New York City in
1887 united him with Miss Amelia Balle, born in Wur-
temberg, Germany, and they became the parents of
ten children; the five sons are all experienced planing
mill men and with this company. Al. M., saw service

for thirteen months in Company C, One Hundred-
tenth U. S. Infantry, training at Camp Lewis. He
was sent overseas in June, 1918, and served in France
until after the armistice was signed; Louis served
overseas in the Motor Transport service, his outfit
being located in France and both are members of
ihe American Legion. The firm holds a membership
ill the Progressive Business Club, the Chamber of
Commerce and the Builders' Exchange. In religious
faith Mr. Shirle is a member of the Catholic Church
and in national politics is a stanch Republican.

ASTLEY D. M. COOPER— With an assured
position in, the v\forld of art, Astley D. M. Cooper is
well known on both sides of the Atlantic as an artist
who has graphically portrayed the spirit of the West,
and San Jose is proud to claim him as a citizen. A
native of Missouri, he was born in St. Louis, Decem-
ber 23, 1856, a son of Dr. David M. and Fannie Clark
(O'Fallon) Cooper. His father was an eminent sur-
geon of St. Louis, being the first resident physician
of the St. Louis Hospital. He was born in Bel-
fast, Ireland, and when nineteen years of age emi-
grated to the United States. He attained high stand-
ing in his profession and passed away at the com-
paratively early age of forty-six years, at Wilming-
ton, N. C. The mother was a daughter of the late
Maj. Benjamin O'Fallon and on the maternal side
Mr. Cooper is related to George Rogers Clark and
William Clark, the former of whom won fame as a
<:ommander in the Indian Wars, while the latter be-
came noted as an explorer. They were half-brothers
of Major O'Fallon, who rendered distinguished ser-
vice to his country in his campaign against the In-
dians on the western frontier, being the Indian agent,
appointed about 1832, west of the Mississippi River,
and to him Chief Black Hawk surrendered.

Mr. Cooper, the sole survivor of the family, was
reared in St. Louis, Mo., and after completing the
work of the grammar and high schools attended the
Washington LIniversity in that city, subsequently
spending two years in the vicinity of Boulder City,
Colo. As a boy he displayed marked talent, in handl-
ing the brush and crayon and early in his career he
began studying the wild life of the West, of which
he gained an intimate knowledge, so that he has be-
come an authoritative chronicler of this phase of
American history, preserving the traditions of the
now vanished frontier and graphically portraying the
story of the red man and his habits. Before he was
twenty-one years of age he had painted a number of
Indian chiefs and his work began to attract favorable
notice in the art world. He had the benefit of the
paintings of George Catlin, a friend of his grand-
father, Major O'Fallon, and a man thoroughly
rcquainted with western life. George Catlin was em-
ployed by the Major to paint the portraits of all the
prominent chiefs of that time, 1832. From this time
on ilr. Cooper has devoted his attention to his art
and soon after coming to the Pacific Coast he located
at San Francisco, Cal. Much sketch work and paint-
ing followed and he was soon to become famous
through the medium of Frank Leslie's magazine, his
most interesting sketches being those depicting the
wild life of the West. During General Grant's visit
lo California Mr. Cooper did some remarkable
sketching and portrait work with the General as his
subject, the truth and sincerity of his work com-
maniling for it a wide sale in the LTnited States
and in England. He had become recognized as a
thorough artist with a sure and direct technique

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

677

and the power to present the essence of things and
his position in the art world was tirmly estahlished.
Many of his paintings are hung in the leading gal-
leries of Europe as well as the United States and
among his most notable work may be mentioned
"California and the Golden Era," which won for
him widespread recognition as an artist of rare
talent. About 1883 Mr. Cooper established his resi-
dence in East San Jose, although he has never sev-
ered his connections with the art centers of New
York, Chicago, Philadelphia and San Francisco.
His studio is a beautiful one. being an exact replica
of the Egyptian style of architecture, and is visited
by admirers of art from all sections of the globe
and also by his many friends. For many years his
mother made her home with him in East San Jose,
passing away at the advanced age of eighty-eight
years. Her demise was deeply regretted by all who
knew her, for hers was a most beautiful character.
He was an early member of the San Francisco Art
Association and of the Salmagundi Club of St. Louis.
Mr. Cooper was married in this city to Miss Char-
lotte George, who was born in the picturesque Ar-
cadia Valley of Missouri and as a girl removed with
her parents to the Santa Clara Valley, where she
was reared and educated. Holding to high ideals,
Mr. Cooper has gained a position of distinction in
his profession because he has never been satisfied
with the second best, but has ever striven for some-
thing above, beyond and better, and his contribution
to art is a notable one.

ERNEST C. EATON— A retired rancher, Ernest
C. Eaton's withdrawal from active labor is the more
notable because of his splendid record of long years
of unremitting and successful enterprise, in which he
did his duty fully in helping to develop first one and
then another section of the country. He was born
near Cleveland, Ohio, on January 14, 1853, the son of
Horace G. Eaton, a native of Connecticut, who had
married Miss Mary E. Cleveland, a native of Mich-
igan. They were blessed with four sons, and Ernest
C. was the second in the order of birth. The Eatons
came to live in Ohio, and in Michigan, where he was
pursuing his business, Horace Eaton passed away,
at the age of forty.

On coming to Ogle County, Illinois, in 1864, Er-
nest finished his elementary schooling, and then,
from his twelfth year, he worked to help support
his mother. In 1872 the family moved to Lee Coun-
ty, III, and here he began teaching school, continu-
ing during his residence there and after going to
Kansas, whither he removed in 1877. There he pur-
chased a tract of 320 acres, located near Hutchinson,
and engaged in farming for twenty-four years.

While in Lee County, 111., Mr. Eaton was married
to Miss Viola L. Merrell, the daughter of William
Merrell, a native of Connecticut, and his good wife,
who was Miss Louise Daniels in her maidenhood.
She was born in Steuben County, N. Y., on July 30,
1853, and her father served for nearly three years in
the Union Army, during the Civil War, as a mem-
ber of Company D, of the One Hundred and Forty-
first New York Volunteer Infantry. He was first
lieutenant in ranks under General Sherman, was
cited for bravery and given charge as a brevet major,
was never wounded although he suffered much sick-
ness from exposure, and was finally mustered out as
a captain. In 1898 he migrated West to California,
settled in Merced, where he became active as a

member of the Grand Army of the Republic; and on
Sei)tember 23, 1913, after a life notable as a patriot,
he passed away at the fine old age of eighty-four.

On July 12, 1901, Mr. and Mrs. Eaton and family,
having sold their splendid farm of 320 acres, removed
irom Kansas to California, where they settled in the
Santa Clara Valley; and not long after, Mr. Eaton
mvested in twenty acres on the Homestead Road,
which proved so profitable that he was led to invest,
m time, in several ranches, one after the other of
which he sold at a fair proht, recently retiring to
live at 779 Bird Avenue, San Jose. For years, he
has been one of the stockholders of the San Jose
Mutual Loan Association.

Five children were granted Mr. and Mrs. Eaton.
Nettie L., the eldest, is the wife of Frank
Ritcha, and as the mother of three children resides
at Nickerson, Kans. Bertie M. is single. Ralph W.,
married, is a rancher and has one daughter and re-
sides at San Jose. Vera M., also married, dwells
near Sunnyvale, and Ethel V., now Mrs. Hardy,
lives at home with her parents. The family are mem-
bers of the First Presbyterian Church at San Jose,
where they are known for their fidelity to the cause
of prohibition. In 1906, Mr. Eaton as the candidate
lor supervisor from the Second District commanded
enviable support, if he did not win the day.

JOHN M. LORDS. — An enterprising, experienced
and successful rancher, whose prosperity has spelt
scmething toward the advancement of agricultural
interests generally in California, and whose trim farm
is well regarded as one of the show-places of Santa
Clara County, is John M. Lords, a native son born
m Sacramento, on February 6, 1865, and now com-
fortably settled south of Alviso. His father, Walden
Lords, was a native of Ohio, and he married Mrs.
Mary Houston, whose maiden name was Mary Slat-
tery, a native of County Kerry, Ireland. She became
the mother of one child by her first husband, Mrs.
Delia Emerson, widow of the late pioneer black-
smith, O. P. Emerson, and she resides on Fourteenth
Street, in San Jose. Walden Lords came across
the great plains in 1850, driving his cattle with him,
and he went into the mines, later settling in Sacra-
mento County, where he lived for a number of years.

When our subject was ten years old, his parents
removed to Santa Clara County, and for a year his
father ran the Alviso Hotel. Then he went to San
Jose and lived there until 1884, when he purchased
the ranch of seventy-five acres on the Alviso Road,
just out of Alviso, with which the name of Lords
has been associated in such a pleasant manner. John
attended the Alviso and San Jose public schools, and
then struck out for himself. He went to the San
Joaquin Valley, and in time became a partner in a
firm owning a ranch of 400 acres near Woodbridge.
tor the growing of grain. He remained at Woodbridge
only two years, however, and then he came back
to Alviso and helped run the seventy-five-acre ranch.
At present, there are three persons interested in this
estate, which includes some thirty acres in fruit —
half in pears and apples — while the rest is devoted
to pasturing and the raising of hay. An ornate and
comfortable residence stands on the ranch, built in
1892, and the ranch is irrigated by a pumping plant.

At San Rafael, on March 27, 1912, Mr. Lords was
married to Miss Mary E. Hanaford, a native of
Devonshire, England, a charming lady and devoted
wife, who died on October 19, 1919. Two of his

678

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

sisters arc living — Mrs. O. P. Emerson and Mrs.
W. W. Jennings, both of San Jose. Mr, Lords is a
member of the Modern Woodmen, enjoying there
an enviable popularity, and for years he has patriotic-
ally done his duty, as a public-spirited citizen, in
serving on the board of trustees for Alviso,

GEORGE OSMER.— A wide-awake, thoroughly
progressive merchant, whose industry and enterprise
have entitled him to the success he enjoys, is George
Osnier, the dealer in general merchandise and post-
master at Alma, where he has been among the leaders
in working for the permanent growth of the toun.
He was born in Bremen, Germany, on November 5,
I808, the son of August A. and Dorothy (Haakc)
Osmer, and came with his jiarents to the United
States when he was fourteen years old. They located
in New York, and there conducted a restaurant; and
in that city the mother died. The father spent his last
days with Mr. Osmer, passing awa)' at Alma. George
was the youngest of six children and enjoyed the
foundations of a liberal education obtained in Bremen,
Germany, spending one year in high school before
coming to New York City. On his arrive! he accep-
ted clerical work in an office in New York and re-
mained there for seven years. In 1887, he came West
to San Francisco, where he engaged in retail mer-
chandise business for two years and removed to Alma.
Here for a couple of years he clerked in the general
store already established, when he bought a half-in-
terest in the establishment and the firm became Bohme
& Osmer; five j'ears later he bought Mr. Bohme's in-
terest, and since then the business has been known as
the George Osmer Genera! Merchandise Store.

Mr. Osmer carries a complete line of genera! mer-
chandise, and he also sells auto supplies and tires,
and he maintains an oil station; he tries to have
on hand everything which anyone has ever asked for
m Alma, and he even goes a step further in antici-
pating his patrons' wants. Thousands of travelers,
local and long-distance tourists, know the genial pro-
prietor of this store on the highway to Santa Cruz,
and they appreciate his unselfish endeavors to liclp
them out on many an occasion. Mr. Osmer has built
several residences at Alma and also has a ranch at
the Summit, devoted to orchard and vineyard.

At Alma, in 1896, Mr. Osmer was married to Miss
Margaret Stewart, a native daughter, born in Peta-
luma, whose father was Henry Stewart, an early resi-
dent of Alma, and they now have three children:
Bessie, Mrs. Sinclair of Alma, Marion, and George
Osmer, Jr., associated with his father in the busi-
ness. Mr. Osmer belongs to the Masonic order, hav-
ing been made a Mason in Los Gatos Lodge No. 292,
F. & A. M., and is also a member of the Woodmen
of the World. Public-spirited and thoroughly Am-
erican, Mr. Osmer has been postmaster at Alma since
1890, and a very popular official he has proven to be,
giving satisfaction to everybodj'. In national politi-
cal afTairs, he is a Democrat.

ALEXANDER DUNCAN CAMPBELL.— Few
men have done more to place trade in real estate and
insurance in California on a stabile, respectable and
assuring basis that Alexander Duncan Campbell, of
661 South Sixth Street, San Jose, to which city he
came in the middle nineties, with no thought at
the time of remaining permanently. He «as liorn
and reared on the home farm near Toronto, Canada,
on October 16, 1860, and since the local school was

some seven and a half miles distant, he enjoyed but
very limited educational advantages. His father,
Duncan Campbell, was a native of Toronto, became
a farmer, and then, leaving his family in Canada,
migrated to California in 1872, where he entered the
mines. He accjuired a fortune; but he was later
overwhelmed by reverses, and he was never heard
from again until 1886. He had married Miss Mary
Carmichael, a native of Scotland, who accompanied
lier parents to Canada when she was only six months
old. On the mother's side, the ancestors were
professional men.

A. D. Campbell was the eldest of five children,
and at the age of only twelve, the burden of re-
sponsibility for the support of his mother and sisters
fell upon him. He was very plucky, and being re-
sourceful, and determined to make something of him-
self and to get out of debt, he fitted himself for
salesmanship. He was first employed by Bradley
Garrett's publishing house, and went out into the
field as a solicitor, and was soon very successful;
and when the opportunity was presented, in 1886,
to make a trip to British Columbia with a cousin,
be refused the flattering terms of the publishers to
stay, and set off for the Northwest.

There he had charge of some 250 men on con-
struction work for the Canadian Pacific Railway, and
he soon had the best chance to show his ability and
to find favor with the contractor; but although he
got along splendidly during the three and a half
months he was so engaged, he was haunted with the
desire to find his father, from whom nothing had
been heard for years. The month of November,
1886, therefore, found our subject in San Francisco,
^vherc he had cousins, to v\diom he applied, hoping
that they would be able to give some information;
but failing in that, Mr. Campbell traced Iris father
from place to place, and late in December of that
year he found him on a homestead near Fresno.
Both were overjoyed. The father had become dis-
heartened after years of hard work, in which he had
made and lost three fortunes, and he was making
the last stand to make his fourth fortune, which he
did, when the reunion took place with his family,
the son returning to Canada to settle up the estate,
and bringing the folks back to California with him.
For ten years our subject remained at a ranch in
Fresno County engaged in farming.

At San Jose in 1895 Mr. Cainpbell was married to
Miss Lilly Tressler, who had been a resident of the
Santa Clara Valley for three years prior to that date,
her brother, Dr. Tressler, having founded the Eng-
lish Lutheran Church at San Jose. He is now a
professor at Springfield, Ohio, in a theological semi-
nary. Four children blessed this union: Allister B.
is a very resourceful young business man; 'Victoria
is a student at the University of California; Irene is
a graduate of the San Jose State Normal School,
and has recently been chosen principal of the Loyal-
ton Grammar School in Sierra County; Paul Scott
Campbell is a student in the San Jose high school.

In 1912 Mr. Campbell sold out his fuel and feed
business, which had been steadily growing ever since
he had started at 651 South First Street, and he in-
vested in lands and real estate. For a short time he
was also the Pacific Coast distributor for the Snell
Water l'"ilter Company, with headquarters at San
Jose, but this last venture demanded his absence
from home, and on this account mainly he disposed

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

679

of his interests after eight months ol sueeesbful
operations. At present Mr. Campbell is the mana-
ger of the city department of Crother's Realty Of-
tiees in San Jose, dealers in real estate and insur-
ance, and he is a live wire in the San Jose Realty
Board and the San Jose Chamber of Commerce.
He prefers the platforms of the Republican party,
and the family attend the First Presbyterian Church.
DANIEL RAYMOND.— Coming to San Jose in
1904 with a very small capital, the initiative spirit
;ind marked executive ability of Daniel Raymond
have enabled him to develop a business of extensive
proportions and he is now vice-president and mana-
ger of the largest pottery plant on the Pacific Coast.
He was born in Wellsville, Ohio, October 31, 1868,
a son of John and Caroline (Fell) Raymond, the
former a native of Switzerland and the latter of
Baden, Germany. The father was a butcher by trade
and his death occurred in 1871, while the mother
passed away when fifty-four years of age.

Daniel Raymond, the youngest of fifteen children,
bad very limited educational opportunities, attending
school only until he reached the third grade, when
he was obliged to secure employment in order to
aid in supporting the family, having made his own
way in the world from the age of eight years. When
a young man he took up the potter's trade, serving
an apprenticeship under the firm of Knowles & Tay-
lor of East Liverpool, Ohio. He afterward followed
his trade in various parts of the country and in 1900
located in Washington, becoming foreman of the
Clayton Pottery Company of Clayton, that state,
which position he filled for one year. He then em-
barked in the pottery business on his own account in
that locality, but trade conditions were unfavorable
and in 1904 he left that place and came to San Jose,
arriving in this city in March with but very little
capital. He obtained a loan of $100 on an insurance
policy, to which he added sixty-five dollars, and with
this amount built his first kiln, at the corner of Park
and East streets. He at first did all of the work
himself, but as time passed he prospered in his under-
taking and expanded his interests, organizing in De-
cember, 1904, the Garden City Pottery Company,
Inc. The company erected its buildings at 540-560
North Sixth Street and began operations in April,
1905, giving employment to eight workmen. In 1908
the company trebled their capital and plant and now
employs thirty men, turning out all kinds of com-
mon store ware and red unglazed flower pots of vari-
ous sizes. Mr. Rajanond's expert knowledge of his
trade and enterprising methods have enabled him to
build up a business of large proportions and the com-
pany's output now approximates 125 carloads per
year. Deliveries are made by auto truck in a radius
of 200 miles. Mr. Raymond has a twenty-acre vine-
yard in Yuba County and also owns a home at the
corner of Hensley and Second streets, San Jose.

Mr. Raymond is a veteran of the Spanish-American
War, enlisting with the Washington Volunteers and
becoming a member of the First W'ashington In-
fantry. He saw active service in the Philippines
under Generals King and Lawton, receiving his hon-
orable discharge at the end of two years.

In San Jose, on April 15, 1906, Mr. Raymond mar-
ried Miss Danilena Bloise, who was born in Santa
Cruz County, a daughter of J. B. and Elizabeth
(Lively) Bloise, who still reside upon the old home
place. The father is a native of Nova Scotia and a

member of an old Canadian family of French descent.
Mrs. Raymond was reared and educated in Santa
Cruz County and by her marriage she has become
the mother of two daughters, Helen and Evelyn. In
l>olitie> Air. Raymond maintains a nonpartisan atti-
lude, \oling for the man rather than the party. He
is a liublie-spirited and progressive citizen of broad
\:e\\s and kindly nature, and charitably inclined. A
self-educated and self-made man, through the wise
utilization of his innate powers and talents he has
risen to a foremost position in manufacturing circles
and while attaining individual prosperity he has con-
tributed to the industrial expansion of this city.

WILLARD L. PRUSSIA.— The kind of substan-
tial business energy best appreciated in the West
finds expression in the life of Willard L. Prussia,
president and manager of Prussia & Co., the exclu-
sive woman's w-earing apparel store located at 127-1J3
South First Street, San Jose, and one of the most
energetic, cautious, and progressive men who have
elected to profit by the resources of this community.
He was born at Dansville, N. Y., February 2, 1867,
the son of Jesse B. Prussia, also a native of Dans-
Mile, born in 1825. His mother w-as a native of Scot-
land, but removed with her parents to New York
when a girl of twelve years. She is now eighty-five
years of age and resides with her son in San Jose,
the father lived to be eighty years of age. Mr. Prus-
sia's paternal grandfather was also a native of Dans-
ville, born in 1797, his family coming over from Eng-
land in an early day.

Willard L. Prussia received his early education in
the public schools of Dansville, where, for forty-two
years his father was engaged in the millinery busi-
ness, and it was in his father's store that Willard be-
gan his business training, working after school, Satur-
days and during vacations. Recognizing his ability as
a salesman, he was solicited by H. C. Taft, of the
drygoods firm of Taft and Pennoyer, who own and
operate a big store in Oakland, Cal., and he went
there in 1884. Then he was for a time in San Diego,
later went to Los Angeles, and while there made
the acquaintance of I. Loeb of the firm of I. Loeb
& Company, who owned the San Jose Dry Goods
Company, and Mr. Prussia was engaged by Mr. Loeb
in 1891. During this period he became acquainted
with S. M. Goldberg, and this acquaintance developed
into friendship and later into an important business
association. Mr. Goldberg maintains a large office and
business in New York City, employing a large force
of buyers, who are sent to all the principal drygoods
and suit centers of the world.

The firm of Prussia & Company was incorporated in
1909 under the laws of the state of New York; they
have large and commodious quarters, fine show win-
dows, beautiful interior decorations, well-lighted and
finely-equipped with every modern convenience, and
enjoys a large patronage of the best people in this
city. Mr. Prussia is also vice-president of Harry
Fink & Company, Los Angeles: Willard's of San
Francisco, and J. F. Donovan & Company of Stock-
ton. S. M. Golberg is the president of the four stores,
and manages the buying of all the goods throughout
the world. Mr. Prussia's optimistic spirit has sus-
tained him all through the trials of his earlier years,
and brought him to the present era of prosperity.

The marriage of Mr. Prussia in 1891 united him
with Miss Minnie Compton, a resident of Hamilton,
Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Prussia are the parents of one

680

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

sen, Leland S., who is at the present time connected
with Willard's in San Francisco.

Fraternally, Mr. Prussia is a Thirty-second degree
Scottish Rite Mason and of the Shrine in San Fran-
cisco. He is also a member of the Elks and is a char-
ter member of the Rotary Club. He is also active in
the Chamber of Commerce and he served as president
of the park board of San Jose under three mayors.
Because of his perseverance, industry, integrity and
faithfulness, he has steadily progressed in his chosen
line of work, until his success is fully assured. He is
a progressive citizen, and a potent factor in all move-
ments that lead to the further development of the
community in which he resides.

MRS. MARGARET E. BAKER.— An esteemed
representative of one of the best-known pioneers in
the California electrical field, is Mrs. Margaret E.
Baker, the widow of the late Terry E. Baker, whose
gifted sons, taking up the progressive work where he
was compelled to lay it down, have also contributed
much in placing electrical devices, and the wonderful
utility of electricity, at the disposal of thousands.
Mr. Baker was born in Dubuque, Iowa, in Septem-
ber, 1856, the son of Terry J. and Sarah Baker. His
father was interested in race horses, and when he
came to California in 1862 he settled at San Francisco
and had a race track at Sausalito across the Bay. He
was always interested in standard and thoroughbred
horses and stock of all kinds, and when he passed
away in San Francisco he was mourned by many,
especially by the old-timers fond, in their pioneer life,
of the turf and other sports.

The husband of our subject attended the Horace
Mann school in San Francisco, and when only a
young man took up railroad work with the Southern
Pacific Railroad. He went to Los Angeles, and was
one of the first men to be sent over the Tehachapi
route, then by way of the Newhall tunnel. He was a
conductor on Huntington's road, and was one of the
popular officials of his day. At the time of the great
railroad strike in 1894, Mr. Baker went to Arizona
and became interested in the mines at Clifton. After
the strike was settled, he went back to railroad work,
and was in Bakersfield with the Southern Pacific Rail-
road until 1903, when he came to San Jose and gave
up railroading.

In 1902, Mr. Baker with his sons, entered the elec-
trical field, and opened up a store with electrical fix-
tures, at the same time that they contracted to do
wiring of all kinds. Now these sons have so ex-
panded the business that it extends throughout the
Valley. They have the Santa Clara County agencj' for
the Blue Bird clothes washer, and they also sell a full
line of useful electrical appliances.

At Los, Angeles, in September, 1874, Mr. Baker was
married to Miss Margaret Wilson, a native of Chi-
cago and the dau.ghter of William and Mary (Bass)
Wilson, born in Montreal and Chicago respectively.
The former was of English descent while Mary Bass
was of Scotch forebears; her father, Capt. Wm. Bass,
was a sea captain and when he located as a pioneer
at Ft. Dearborn, now Chicago, he sailed the Great
Lakes for many years. Later he was a foreman for
the Heath-Milligan Co., paint contractors in Chicago,
and in 1873 he brought his family to California and
settled at Orange. After making his home there for
two years, he came to San Jose. After leaving Or-
ange, he had a paint shop in Los Angeles, and there
the family lived until Mrs. Baker was married. Four

sons were born of this union: Lewis E. is the capable
manager of Messrs. T. E. Baker & Sons, and George
W. is also with the same company; William T. was
killed in motorcycle races at San Jose in 1913; Ed-
ward M. is associated with his brothers in the con-
duct of the business. Mrs. Baker is happy as the
grandmother to four grandchildren. Richard is the
son of Lewis E. Baker; Jeanette is the daughter of
George W. Baker; and Donald and Ned are the two
attractive children of Edward M. Baker. Mr. Baker
passed away April 27, 1915. He was an independent
in politics, above petty partisanship; Mrs. Baker is a
strong Republican, and her sons follow her lead. The
eldest son is a Scottish Rite Mason and a member of
Islam Temple of San Francisco. Mrs. Baker belongs
to San Jose Chapter No. 31, O. E. S., and also to the
Saint Claire Court, No. 31, Royal Order of Amaranth.

WILFRID F. ROBIDOUX.— A public-spirited
man who is very well thought of in various parts
of Santa Clara County is Wilfrid F. Robidoux, the
expert blacksmith of Alviso. He was born at St.
Etienne Beauharnois near Montreal, in the Province
of Quebec, on November 12, 1869, the son of Moise
Robidoux, the representative of an old Canadian fam-
ily, who was long engaged in hotel enterprises and
was a commission merchant dealing in livestock. He
had married Filanise Emard and they had sixteen
children; six of these died in infancy and the ten that
grew to maturnity were: Filanise, who resides at
Beauharnois; Azilda, who died at the same place;
Alphonsine, who lives in Montreal; Moise, died at
an age of thirty-five in Modoc County, Cal.; Domina,
who lives in Montreal; Joseph resides in Santa Clara.
but is employed in San Jose; Wilfrid, the subject of
this sketch; Isabella died in Stockton; Louisa died
in Montreal; Florentine lives in Montreal.

Wilfrid attended the grammar school in his home
town, and when fifteen years old began to learn the
blacksmith trade at Howick, Province of Quebec.
After three years of apprenticeship, he left home,
entered the States, and settled in Franklin Countv,
N. Y., where he worked at his trade for wages until
1889. In that eventful year, soon after the general
awakening along the Pacific Coast, he came out to
Seattle and worked for a year and a half.

On June 5, 1891, he landed in Santa Clara County
and worked for H. E. Holthouse in his shop at
Milligan's Corner, continuing with him, on a wage
scale, for ten years; and in 1902, he bought out the
tools in Mr. Chisholm's blacksmith shop in Alviso
and with them started up in business in the old shop
right south of this present location. The old shop,
however, did not satisfy him very long, and he built
a new shop, 1913, which he equipped with modern
machinery, including a band saw, a rip saw, a planer,
an electric forge, emery wheels, an outfit for acetylene
welding, and whatever else in his judgment that he
needed to enable him to do not only all kinds of
first-class smithy work, but the most expert automo-
bile repairing. This shop he still owns and occupies.
It was not long before Mr. Robidoux had made for
himself a reputation for absolutely dependable work,
and this reputation he has easily maintained, with
the result that he enjoys the patronage not only of
his town, but of many residents of Santa Clara County
who appreciate the best workmanship. His general
position, as a man of affairs, in the community is at-
tested by the fact that he is chairman of the board
of trustees of Alviso.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

683

At Santa Clara, on April 25, 1897, Mr. Robidoux
was married to Miss Mary K. Holthouse, a native
of Taylorville, Plumas County, Cal., and the daughter
of the late E. H. Holthouse, a native of Hanover,
Germany, elsewhere mentioned in tliis work, who had
married Mrs. Elizabeth (Madden) Rateliff, a native
of Ireland. The father crossed the plains in 1852,
and settled in the Rush Creek mining district, where
he panned for gold. When Mary Holthouse was
four years old, her father moved to Alviso, and she
attended the Braly School. Now, two of her
brothers are ranching near Mountain View, Mark and
J. Fred, sketches of whom also apjiear elsewhere in
this work. Another brother is Herman E., and still
another. Huge N., who is deceased; there is also
a half brother, W. P. Rateliff, of San Francisco. On
October 20, 1915, Airs. Robidou.x died, being the
mother of two very promising children: Joseph Ar-
mand, looking forward to the priesthood, is a student
at St, Michaels, at Hillyard, Wash., and Moise Henry,
who is studying to become a lawyer at the University
of Santa Clara. Mr, Robidoux is a Republican, and
a member of both the Woodmen of the World and
the Foresters of America.

PETER D. LANDON.— An industrious orchard-
:st who has materially advanced husbandry in Cali-
fornia is Peter D. Landon, whose success has en-
abled him to retire in comfort at 4 Broadway, San
Jose. He was born at Mountainville, Hunterdon
County, N. J., on April II, 1849, the son of Calvin
Columbus Landon, a contractor and builder of
bridges and large frame work, who plied his trade
so expertly that much of his work is used to this
day throughout New Jersey and New York.

When only ten years of age, Peter, fortunate in
the love of a devoted mother, whose maiden name
was Charity Ann Everett, set out to try to do for
himself, with the result that even his elementary
schooling had to be neglected, and all prospects of
his ever being an advanced student faded away. At
the age of twenty, he migrated west to Illinois, and
for two years he v.'orked on a farm near Washington,
ui Tazewell County, It was not what he wanted,
but he accepted the situation philosophically and
prepared to take the ne.xt important step.

In 1872 he progressed further West and reached
California, and it was not long before he had dis-
covered the wonderful attractions of the Santa Clara
Valley and had begun to take up ranch work for
others in the Valley View district. Eight months
later he rented a grain farm in the Evergreen dis-
trict, and for two years he farmed on shares, raising
grain and hay. In 1877-78 he was in Dallas, Texas,
but he returned to Santa Clara County more satis-
fied than ever that here was the opportunity for
young men willing to work. Accordingly, he set to
work with a harvester, and for ten years he con-
tinued successfully harvesting grain. In 1888, he
became an orchardist, renting acreage for a few
seasons until he could buy land and start anew; and
from that time on until he retired, after selling his
orchards near Campbell some two years ago, he
never knew failure.

In San Jose on September 6, 1888, Mr. Landon
married Mrs. Sarah Cordelia (Cottle) Hight, the
eldest daughter of the honored pioneer. Royal Cot-
tle, now deceased. She was born near Albany, Ore.,
on December 15, 1848, and when only eight years
old was taken to Sr,n Jose by her parents, who were

tile hrst orchardists in the Willow Glen district.
Nine children were born to this union; Alice is a
teacher in Montana; Metta Cora is now the wife of
David Varbrough of McKittrick and the mother of
three children; Leslie is an engineer and the father
of two children and resides with his family at
Mayfield; Bert married, became the father of
three children, and died, leaving a widow who
resides at Kernville; May is also deceased. The
sixth m the order of birth is Charles, and the next
younger is Etho, now Mrs. W. W. Loyst, they have
two children and reside on Lupton Avenue, Wil-
lows; Vernon D. is also married and resides with
his wife and two children at Oakland; and Ray-
mond Everett, a chiropractor, is also married, has
one child, and maintains his home at Boscobel, Wis.

Raymond enlisted in the United States Army for
service in the World War, and made an excellent
record. He left home October 5, 1917, left America
on December 14, 1917, arrived in England ten days
later, and reached i'Vance on January 18, 1918. He
was wounded at the battle of Cantigny, on May 28,
1918, took part in the battle of St. Mihiel, which
raged from September 12 to September 15, and in
the Meuse-Argonne drive, on October 4, he was
wounded a second time, and was in the hospital for
three months. After serving as a private in the
First Division he left Bordeaux on the twenty-ninth
of June, arrived in America at Newport News, July
10, and reached San Jose on July 28, 1919. In 1920
he graduated from the Palmer School of Chiroprac-
tic, Davenport, Iowa, and now he has a lucrative
practice at Boscobel, Wis. Mr. and Mrs. Landon are
deservedly proud of their family — nine children,
eleven grandchildren, and five great-grandchildren,

JOHN A. COROTTO.— For many years a resi-
dent of Santa Clara County, John A. Corotto has
prospered in his business, the manufacture of wine.
Fie was born on January 28, 1870, in San Jose, the
son of Angclo and Mary (Raggio) Corotto, who
came to San Jose in 1869 and then went to Hollister,
San Benito County, in 1874, and here they made their
home. Mrs. Corotto's people were also pioneers of
California, having come here in 1861; both of her
parents passed away some time ago.

John A. attended the schools of San Benito
County, but received a limited training as he left
school at the age of fourteen to help his father on
the ranch, where he lived until he v.'as in his seven-
teenth year. He ihen came to San Jose to work and
became employed by Raggio Bros,, who were com-
mission merchants. After working here for two and
a half years, he bought a half-interest in this concern
and after three years sold out and engaged in the
manufacture of wine,

Mr. Corotto's marriage united him with Miss
Catherine Sturla of Gilroy, the daughter of James
Sturla, and they are the parents of one child, Gene-
vieve P. Mr. Corotto was very active in all the
war drives, especially among the Italian-American
Club, and as an appreciation he received a letter of
thanks from James K. Lynch of the Federal Reserve
Board of San Francisco, and one from John H. Cal-
kins of the U. S. Treasury Department, for the
good he had accomplished during the war drives,
while he was on the Liberty Loan Committee. One
of his cousins, Virgilio Corotto, lost his life in the
World War. For three years he served as secretary
of the Italian Benevolent Club and is past presi-

684

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

dent of San Jose Parlor No. 22, Native Sons of the
(lolden West, in whicli lie has been a member for
twenty-five j'cars. He is also a member of the Red-
men, B. P. O. Elks, the Eagles, the Pastime Club,
Chamber of Commerce and the Camels. He is a di-
rector in the Bank of Italy, San Jose Branch. He is
a Republican, serving on the county central commit-
tee and a delegate at large at one time.

CHARLES W. CUTLER.— Halest and heartiest of
octogenarians in Santa Clara County today, Charles
W. Cutler, the well known pioneer enjoys life as one
should "who in his day has contributed so much, and
in many ways, partly as a path-breaking pedagogue,
to the upbuilding of each section in which he has
lived and toiled. He was born in Wayne Township,
Ashtabula County, Ohio, on January 23, 1838, in the
same congressional district claiming the birth or later
activity of such eminent anti-slavery leaders as Joshua
Reed Giddings, V. F. Wade, Tames A. Garfield, and
others. He spent his boyhood on his father's farm,
Avhilc he also attended the most primitive of country
schools. His father, Elijah T. Cutler, born in Con-
necticut in 1796, was an extensive land owner, miller
and lumber manufacturer in Ohio and was descended
from one of two Enghshmen of the same name who
sailed from England in 1637 and arrived at a port in
Massachusetts on the Rose of Yarmouth. Thus well
established, the family in time became distinguished
through several members «ho took high positions in
IN'Iassachusetts and other parts of New England.
Elijah T. Cutler was marriecl three times and Charles
W. was the son of his union with Miss Olive Wal-
worth, the daughter of Charles Walworth.

ilrs. Cutler died in Ohio in 1839, and Charles
Cutler was reared by an aunt, Maria Walworth, a
younger sister of his mother, who afterwards became
his stepmother and kind guardian. Elijah Cutler
died on June 25, 1860, and in that year Charles W.
went in company with a brother to Bernardston,
Frankhn County, Mass., and tliere entered Powers
Institute, later enrolling in Oberlin College, at Obcr-
lin. Ohio, where he began his academic experience
and laid the foundation for some especially useful
work in life. In 1862 he went to Elkhorn, Walworth
County, Wisconsin, wliere he engaged in teachmg
school, resigning the principalship of the Elkhorn
schools on May 16, 1864, to enlist in Company F,
Fortieth Wisconsin Infantry, but was soon made a
clerk of the special inspector of cavalry, with head-
quarters at Memphis, Tennessee. He received his
honorable discharge on September 30, 1864, at Madi-
son, Wisconsin, and becoming more interested than
ever in what he believed to be his life work — that
of teaching — he again became principal of the public
schools at Elkhorn, Wisconsin, in the fall of 1864,
filling that position to the satisfaction of everyone for
several years. He was also principal of the schools
at Burlington and Green Bay, Wisconsin, serving a
year in each place and leaving behind an excellent
record and many friends.

On April 15, 1867, Mr. Cutler was married to Miss
Helen Morse, and two children were born to them,
both of whom died in infancy. On April 1, 1871,
Mr. and Mrs. Cutler came out to the Pacific Coast,
and, once here, he gave up his professional work and
for fifteen years was active in various comtnercial
enterprises, becoming prominent in San Francisco,
where he remained until he came to the Santa Clara
Valley in 1886. He invested in a fine ranch home in

The Willows and has ever since been more or less
active in both horticultural and educational circles
in Willow Glen district. In 1893 he helped organize
the Willow Glen Fruit Union and for part of the
ten years in which he was a stockholder, he per-
formed the duties of secretary and manager. On
June 6, 1896, Mrs. Cutler passed away, lamented by a
wide circle which had come to appreciate her sterling
and admirable ciualities.

On October 20, 1897, Mr. Cutler was remarried,
taking for his wife Miss Isabella McBeath, a descend-
ant of interesting Scotch parentage, the ceremony
occurring at Chicago. During 1903-04, Mr. and Mrs.
Cutler made an extended tour of the British Isles
and continental Europe, wdiich they greatly enjoyed.
They visited many places of note, among them
Geneva, Naples, Roine, Paris and London, and they
also spent some time in Edinburgh at the homes
of relatives of Mrs. Cutler. In 1915 they made a
trip East via the Canadian Pacific, revisiting Wis-
consin, where both had lived in former years. They
look in the cities of Milwaukee, Chicago, vSt. Louis,
Urbana, 111., in all of which places they had friends,
after which they proceeded to Mr. Cutler's old home
in Ohio, thence on to Boston, Mass., from which
place they visited Springfield, Northampton, and then
spent Thanksgiving with Mrs. Olive W. Peet, Mr.
Cutler's sister, at Salem, Mass. On December 15,
1915, they came via New York and Philadelphia to
New Orleans, La., and from there sailed to Havana,
crossing Cuba to Fort Batabano, where they took a
steamer for the Isle of Pines, and there they had
Christmas dinner with Mrs. Snodgrass, a sister of
Mrs. Cutler. Returning to New Orleans, they came
by the Southern Pacific via Los Angeles to San Jose,
after a delightful and interesting six months' trip.
Since then, buoyed up by pleasant memories of these
and other delightful experiences in life, Mr. and Mrs.
Cutler have lived in quiet enjoyment of their home,
Mr. Cutler at eighty-three finding much for his hand
to do in his beautiful garden. He is a veteran Odd
Fellow and can look back with particular satisfaction
on his experience as past grand of the lodge with
which he has been connected since March 5, 1875.
He is also past commander and for seven years
served as adjutant of Sheridan-Dix Post No. 7, G. A.
R., while Mrs. Cutler is a member of the Sheridan-
Dix W. R. C. and of the San Jose Woinan's Club.

A standpat Republican, fond of the traditions of his
party, Mr. Cutler has never aspired to public office,
but has been willing to do his part as a loyal citizen
toward elevating civic standards. He belongs to the
Congregational Church of San Jose, has been a trus-
tee and is at present a deacon, and has vigorously
supported every movement for local uplift and public
morals. Santa Clara County may well be proud of
this record of one of the "first citizens" of San Jose.

LOUIS CHARLES DE CARLL— Emphatically

a man of energy, Louis Charles De Carli is one of '
!he enterprising and active men of Santa Clara
County, giving substantial encouragement to every
plan for the promotion of the public welfare, and has
been identified with Santa Clara County since 1881.
Mr. De Carli was born in Auressio, Canton Ticino,
Switzerland, on March 5, 1866, and was the son of
August and Caroline (Bistacchi) De Carli. The
mother is still living there at the age of eighty-four
years. The father came to California in 1874 and

&./ira.d£^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

687

never returned to Switzerland, having passed away
in San Jose in 1916, at the age of seventy-seven
years. He was a contracting lumberman and road
builder and lived most of his life in the Saratoga
hills, following the life of the ancient Helvetians,
hunting, fishing and always living the outdoor life.
Longevity is a characteristic of our subject's ances-
tors, his great-grandmother, HcUena Bistacchi, living
to be 109 years of age.

Louis spent his boj'hood days in Switzerland,
where he graduated from the Swiss grammar schools,
becoming proficient in both French and Italian.
\\'hen fifteen years old, he came to the United
States, arriving in California and went direct to
Saratoga in 1S81 and began as a farm hand, milking
and doing general farm work. He has been in Santa
Clara County ever since this time, except the four
years from 1891 to 1895, that he spent with the
Wellington Coal Company at Victoria, B. C. It was
during this period that he was united in marriage
with liliss Christine Geddes, who was born in Aber-
deenshire, Scotland, and they became the parents of
two children, Ethel lilarie, who is now the wife of
Lawrence Arnold, a fireman of San Jose, and Louis
A., who was born and reared in San Jose, graduating
from the grammar school. Ethel was born at Vic-
toria and the little family came to San Jose in the
year 1895. Mr. De Carli again engaged as a farm
hand, but being capable of speaking several
languages fluently, he later became court interpreter
in Santa Clara County. This was hard work, for it
meant night study for fifteen months in the San Jose
high school, but he is now^ able to interpret Italian,
French and Spanish in all courts. During the four
years, 1904 to 190S, he served on the police depart-
ment of San Jose as patrolman and won one of the
cleanest records of any officer in this city. By a
special request of the victims of the Black Hand
(Mafia) and the better element of the Italian citizens
of San Jose and the Bay Cities, he entered the
office of the district attorney of Santa Clara County
as an investigator and detective in the year 1914
and served until 1917, he and William Drieschmeyer,
also of that county, putting an end to the depreda-
tions of the Black Hand band, also the arson gang,
a notorious band of outlaws, fruit thieves and such
malefactors as were jeopardizing the safety of the
inhabitants of this fair city. Upon the completion of
this w'ork, the arson department of the Board of
Fire LTnderwriters of the Pacific took Mr. De Carli
into their employ to travel through the Pacific Coast
district to stamp out the arson gangs and incen-
diarism. During the war period he cooperated with
the Government, aiding in the repression of the
I. W. W.'s and other public enemies, serving until
1920, when he was taken with a severe attack of
the influenza wdiile located in Tehama County, and
his health became so impaired that he had to quit
this strenuous life, so he returned to his home and
took up his business which had been handled by his
son and wife. For ten years Mr. De Carli was in
ihe transfer business and then engaged as a dealer
in furniture under the firm name of De Carli and
Son; his place of business is located at 174 South
Second Street, San Jose. They started this business
at 212 West Santa Clara Street and in 1910 moved
to 192 West Santa Clara Street and in 1918 to 154
West Santa Clara Street, where they stayed for
eight months and then March, 1920, came to 28

North Market Street, where they remained until
1921, when they moved to the present location,
where they are doing a good business. It is very
interesting to know the origin of the name of De
Carh. A homeless orphan, who had taken refuge
111 one of the orphanages of Switzerland, was given
the name of De Carli by the government of that
country, Carli meaning orphanage, the name, there-
fore signifying, "the child from the orphanage."
Hie late Judge W. G. Lorigan, who was at one
time Justice of the Supreme Court, was a very inti-
mate friend of Mr. De Carli and was instrumental in
our subject's receiving the position of interpreter in
his court and after he had occupied this place for
awhile, none other in the judge's estimation was so
capable. Naturally of a studious disposition, Mr.
De Carli is a great reader, and has added much to his
store of knowledge in his leisure moments. Benevo-
lent and generous, he has been a veritable Good
Samaritan in San Jose and many is the family he
has rescued from want or starvation, taking the
hard-earned dollars from his own pocket for his
benefactions,

IRA COTTLE.— Whenever the historian shall
essay to relate thj stirring history of Santa Clara
County, he will not fail to revert to the interesting
life-story of one of her sturdiest pioneers, Ira Cottle,
w-ho estabished his home as far back as 1858 on what
later became Willow Avenue, near its junction with
Minnesota Avenue, and so became one of the found-
ers of the picturesque community known in early
days as The Willows. Ira Cottle was born in St.
Charles County, Mo., October 10, 1819. His
father, Oliver Cottle, had come from Ver-
mont, and his mother, who was Miss Charity
Lowe before her marriage, was a native of Tennessee.
His parents settled in Missouri when it was known
as the Louisiana Purchase; and later they removed
to Texas. The move, however, was productive of
disaster, for Mr. Cottle was seized with yellow fever
and died, and Mrs. Cottle and her family had to
make their way back to Missouri. In 1833 they
moved once again, this time to Iowa; and located in
Des Moines County, where Mrs. Cottle passed the
remainder of her days.

In all the vigor of young manhood, Ira set out for
Southern Wisconsin, and for eleven years he fol-
lowed lead mining in Grant County. In 1846 he took
for his helpmate Miss Mary Ann Baker, a native of
Indiana, and three years later he established himself
as a farmer in Clayton County, Iowa. By 1854 he
had a famih' of two children, and in that year he
brought his household to California, traveling by the
Overland Trail with ox teams, six months en route,
hor a while he found what he wanted for general
farming and stockraising in the Coyote district,
Santa Clara County, but in 1858 he removed to the
ranch he continued to occupy until his death, April
8, 1907. He bought 125 acres of the Narvaeze Grant,
for wdiich he paid $2,500. He devoted the land to
the raising of grain and hay and was an enthusiast
m the matter of tree planting.

Mrs. Cottle, who was esteemed by a wide circle
of friends as a neighbor and friend, passed to her
eternal reward on August 5, 1873, the mother of
six children, two of whom are living, and in 1876
Ira Cottle took to himself a second wife, Mrs. Joseph
Smith, a talented lady popular as Miss Clara C.
Chase before her first marriage. She came from

688

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Rochester, N. Y., to California in 1860. Kormerlv a
Henry Clay Whig, Mr. Cottle lived to see the Re-
publican party well established, and to have the
satisfying consciousness that he had done his full
duty in helping support it in its most trying days.

JUDGE FREDERICK BENJAMIN BROWN.—
A gentleman versed in jurisprudence and prominent
in the civic and social life of San Jose is Judge Fred-
erick Benjamin Brown, the present incumbent of the
office of Judge of the Superior Court of the State of
California, in and for Santa Clara County, who pos-
sesses an enviable reputation for sterling character,
judicial and business ability of a high degree, which
has been made fully apparent in the impartial manner
in which he deals out justice. He is fdling the respon-
sible position with the utmost satisfaction to his con-
stituents and credit to himself. He is a native of Illi-
nois, having been born at Galva, Henry County, on
February 13, 1861, a son of Jeremiah J. and Catherine
(Protsman) Brown. His father was born in New
Hampshire, coming when sixteen years of age with
his parents to Peoria County, III. where he grew to
manhood and engaged in farming, acquiring 160 acres
of government land, wdiich he cleared and improved.
The Brown family is traced back to England, coming
to New Hampshire in 1636. Great-great-grandfather
Capt. Joseph Brown, of Kensington, N. H., served
in the Revolutionary War; while Grandfather Ben-
jamin Brown was a captain of New Hampshire
militia. On his maternal side the family is traced
back to Germany where Grandfather Frederick Prots-
man w-as born, but disliking the military oppression
he ran away from home when thirteen years of age,
going to Holland where in time he married; later he
came to the United States, locating in Illinois in 1843.

Mr. Brown is the fourth oldest in a family of nine
children, and received his education in the public
schools of his home district and in the Galva high
school, from which he was graduated in the year 1881,
after which he matriculated at Knox College, Gales-
burg, 111., where he was duly graduated in 1885 with
the degree of B. S. He proceeded to Grant County,
Kans., where he took up a homestead of 160 acres;
he also preempted a tree claim, making a total of 480
acres, which he improved according to law and re-
ceived a government title to the land. While thus
engaged he was county superintendent of schools
for a period of five years. Disposing of his interests
in Kansas, he came to California in 1893 and located
in Santa Clara County, making his home at Saratoga.
Here he began the study of law under Judge Welch
and in 1895 was admitted to the California bar.
Forming a partnership with Allan Brant he con-
tinued with him for a time wdien they dissolved part-
nership and Mr. Brown continued the practice alone.
In 1902 he was appointed city attorney, holding the
office for two terms of two years each, until January,
1906, when he was appointed, by the board of super-
visors, justice of the peace to fill a vacancy until the
fall of 1906, when he was a candidate for the office and
was elected, filling the office to the entire satisfaction
of the community. In 1910 and 1914 he was elected
to succeed himself without opposition, and again in
1918 was reelected. He became very popular and his
decisions were well received, as they were made fairly
and impartially. In 1920 when he announced him-
self as a candidate at the county primaries for Supe-
rior Judge he was nominated and at the November
election was elected by a fine majority. He then re-

signed as justice of the peace and took the oath as
Judge of the Superior Court in January, 1921, and is
filling the position with much credit, all his work be-
ing done with the same fairness which has character-
ized all of his public service. Mr. Brown has also
been very prominent in civic and commercial circles.
As early as 1902, he was elected a member of the
board of directors of the San Jose Chamber of Com-
merce and was reelected each term until 1921, when
he declined being a candidate for reelection. During
this time he served as president of the organization
for one term during the year of 1915.

Mr. Brown's marriage occurred in Rock Island,
111., on March 29, 1888, and united him with Miss
Mar3' L. Miller, a native of Georgia, and they are the
parents of four children: John Miller, a rancher
residing in San Jose; Sewell Solon of Los Gatos;
Victor Forrest is with the Standard Oil Company;
and Paul Winston passed away at the age of three
years. Fraternally, Mr. Brown is very popular and
active. He was made a Mason in Fraternity Lodge
No. 399, of San Jose, and is a member of all the
Scottish Rite bodies in San Jose, as well as Islam
Temple A. A. O. N. M. S., San Francisco; and
with his wife is a member of the Eastern Star and the
White Shrine, he being a past patron and Mrs. Brown
a past matron for the former order; he is also a
member of the Ancient Arabic Order of Sciots, the
Elks, Knights of Pythias, Woodmen of the World,
and Iilodern AVoodmen of America. In local club
circles he is a member of the Union Club and was a
charter member of the Lions Club of San Jose and
was the first president of the latter organization. In
national politics he is decidedly Republican. Judge
Brown has always stood for clean government and
been to the front in all matters for progress and up-
building of the community. His independence of
character, his integrity, honesty and capableness
enables him to make a most excellent record as
Superior Judge. Liberal, kindhearted and sym-
pathetic, while justice of the peace, he was a friend
to the widows and neglected children and let no
opportunity pass of righting the wrongs by invoking
the aid of the law where his ow'n magnetic person-
ality and pleading were in vain, thus making a better
world because he understands and demonstrates the
real meaning of justice.

HON. GEORGE S. WALKER.— A distinguished,
popular public oificial, whose enviable record for
efficiency and fidelity would have established him
permanently in any commonwealth, is the Hon.
George vS. Walker, the State Building and Loan
Commissioner, who counts himself among the resi-
dents of San Jose, and maintains his domicile at 556
North Sixteenth Street. As a former Senator of
California he has long enjoyed a wide acquaintance
r'ud extensive associations enabling him to exert an
effective influence; and this influence has been used,
time and again, to advance the best interests of the
people at large, and to hasten the day when the
Golden State shall come to its own in the perfect
development of its unrivalled resources.

George S. Walker was born on September 21,
1874, at Santa Rosa, the son of the late William S.
Walker, who passed away in 1907, in his sixty-
seventh year, prominent among the brainiest and
most enterprising citizens of Los Gatos, and widely
known in journalistic circles. A son of William H.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLAKA COUNTY

691

Walker, he was born on May 20. 1839, at iMaeoirb,
111., a descendant of Kood old patriotic slock, his
paternal grandfather haviny been a soldier in the
Revolutionary Army, while his grandfather, James
Walker, a Kentucky planter, was in the War of 1812.

William H. Walker was born in Rockbridye
County, \'a , in which both of his parents also hist
saw the light, and passed his childhood in the Old
Dominion, growing tei manhood in Kentucky, where
he helped to manage the home plantation. When
he pushed out into tlic world for himself, he settled
in Illinois, and haxing established a nursery at
Macomb, followed for a wdiile horticultural pursuits.
Subsequently, he resided for some years in Keokuk
County. Iowa, but the lure of Illinois brought him
back to the state in which he rounded out his use-
ful life He had married Aliss Ann Harris, a native
of Tennessee, %\ ho died at Macomb, and thtjy had
five children, auum.g whom William S. Walker, the
father of our subject, was the yomigest.

William S. ^^'alker. true to the traditions of liis
grandfather and great-.nrandfather. earl>- offered him-
self for active service in the defense of his countr\'
during the Civil W'ar. and in April, ISrtl, enlisted in
Company K. Seventeenth Illinois \'olunteer Infan-
try, as the first man to enroll from Alason County,
and he was mustered in at Peoria for a period of
three years. The ne.xt year he took part in the siege
of Fort Donelson and the battle of Shiloh, but soon
after, having incurred physical disability, was honor-
ably discharged. His patriotic zeal impelled him
again to endeavor to enlist, this time in the Eighty-
fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but he was unable
to pass physically.

Having resolved to make the experiment of life
in the extreme W'est. William S. Walker in the
spring of 1864 sailed to Panama, and north to Cali-
fornia; and for two years he tried it out in Sonoma
County. Then he returned to Illinois, traversing
again the Isthmian route, and at Alason City es-
tablished the first paper prurted there, which he
continued to edit for several years. Once having
gotten acquainted with California, however, he never
gave up the plan of resuming activity here; and
having sold out his Illinois newspaper interests in
June, 1874, he returned to the Pacific Coast, and
opened a job-printing office at Petaluma. Not sat-
isfied with the results of his venture, he moved
across the continent to Missouri, in October of the
same year, and there purchased a small farm, in-
lending to settle down as a tiller of the soil; but the
grasshopper hordes of 1875 so cleaned him out that
he was glad to exchange his land for a printni.c"
office, and to establish the Henry County News at
Clinton. He presided for just six weeks in the edi-
torial sanctum of the News, and then he was in-
duced to take charge of the Crete Sentinel, at Crete,
Nebr. He found, however, that he could not live
from the patronage of that paper, and having dis-
posed of that property, he removed to I^incoln,
Nebr., where he opened a job-printing office. The
grasshopper scourge still affected his destiny, the
insects having eaten the farmers of that section out
of house and home, or nearly so, the previous year,
and left them nothing with which to subscribe for
newspapers or pay for printing; and so. in the month
of September of the Centennial Year, 1876. when
California had drawn to itself renewed notice on
account of the exploitation at the Exposition and

33

throughout the country, he made his third trip to
California; and af:er restmg a while at Ventura, he
agam opened a job-printing office at Petaluma.
iJiptheri.i drove him out within four weeks, and he
removed to Cloverdale, in Sonoma County, and there
started a newspaper; but this did not hold him, and
he returned to Njbraska, in the spring of 1877, when
he became a resident of Eincohi for a year. Re-
mo\'ing to Seward, in the spring of 1878, he entered
the local journalistic field and published the Seward
County Advocate; but in June, 18/9, he sold out
and once more set out for California.

Pitching his tent at Cloverdale, in the fall of 1879,
he purchased the old paper nnll and managed it
until the summer of 1880. when he sold it and re-
turned to Lincoln. Nebr.; and here it may be well to
observe tliat. although Mr. Walker seem= to have
been a good deal of a nomad, he never failed to
provide for his fannl_\-. always taking them with him
on his innumerable trips. One of the g(Kjd, old-
fashioned winters in Nebraska, however, cured him
of his enthusiasm for life m the Middle West and
in the spring of 1881 he returned to the more
salubrious climate of the Golden State. After look-
ing about for a favorable location, he was advised
to go to the picturesque mountain town of Sara-
toga, in Santa Clara Count>-; and while on his way
to that place, he stopped ott at Los Gatos and uas
persuaded to settle there permanently instead. He
at once estabhshed the Los Gatos Weekly News, and
this he conducted successfully until March, 1885,
when he di.^posed of it by sale and removed to Santa
Cru:c. J'.ven there he published a newspaper for a
wdiile; but Los Gatos drew him a second time within
her hospitable borders, and he bought the Los Gatos
Mail, wdiich he enlarged and published as a weekly
until the spring of 1902, wdien he disposed of hi's
newpaper interests, and with a splendid record for
path-breaking as a pioneer, he retired from active
business to the comforts of a private life. Although
constantly shifting, Mr. Walker was by no means a
rolling stone gathering no moss; he usually sold out
at a profit, and each step was a step forward, not
only in his progrc-ss but with some contribution to-
ward the progress of the community in which he
had shared a common lot. In addition to acquirnig
valuable property m Los Gatos, Mr. W^alker came-
to own two ranches, one in Monterey County, and
the other in Santa Cruz County, and under his able
management, both proved productive and highly
profitable estates. He also made good use of his
literary talents, during both busy and spare hours,
and enjoyed a wide Western fame as the author of
two very interesting and instructive volumes,
entitled, "Hungry Land" and "Between the Tides."

While at Mason City, 111., William S. W^alker
was married to Miss Maggie Montross, a native of
Ohio, a talented, devoted woman who became the
mother of eight children, six of whom reached matur-
ity: W. G. Walker graduated from the North-
western University, became a druggist, and died in
Los Gatos at the age of thirty-one; Effie. a Normal
graduate and subsequently a popular teacher in the
public schools, passed away in 1899, a year after the
death of Lincoln Walker, and two vears before the
death of W^^alter Walker; George S. Walker is the
subject of our instructive review; Leland H. Walker
is an attorney in San Jose, with a residence in Los
Gatos. Mr. W'alkcr was a Republican, and an active

692

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

and a very much honored member of the E. O. C.
Ord Post No. 82, of the Grand Army of the Repub-
Hc. Both Mr, and Mrs, Walker were devoted mem-
bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

George S. Walker was reared and schooled at Los
Gatos, and being resourceful even as a youth, he
learned the printer's trade early, and as soon as prac-
ticable was initiated into the ins and outs of the
publishing business. He also delved into politics,
and he has the distinct, unique honor of having been
elected to the State Assembly in 1900, when he was
hardly twenty-six years of age. There he attained
.'uch success that he was reelected in 1902, and so
much confidence was placed in the young Assembh'-
man, after his record for four years had been re-
peatedly examined, that he was elected to tb.e State
Senate on the Republican ticket. In 1908 he was
reelected, and he then introduced the Wall.:er-Otis
Anti-Raee-Track Gambling Bill, which w-as passed,
became a law, and is now in force. In 1910 Mr.
Walker was lieutenant to Hiram Johnson, and was
in charge of the Johnson Campaign in Santa Clara
County; and his executive ability Ijeing splendidly
demonstrated, he was al)le to lead his party to
triumphant success.

In 1911 Mr, Walker was appointed State Building
and Loan Commissioner, and since then he has filled
'his office with consummate ability. His headquar-
ters are in the suite, 604-6 Claus Spreckels Building,
San Francisco; and from there have gone out many
reforming influences of great benefit to the people
of the state at large. During the j-ear 1911-12, for
example, Mr. Walker closed the Continental Build-
ing and Loan Association of San Francisco, and
later in the same year discovered a shortage amount-
ing to $140,000 in the accounts of the secretary of
the Palo Alto Building and Loan Association, wLo
was subsequently sent to San Quentin prison for
seven years. This was a very difficult case to carry
throu.gh in the interests of the public wdiom Mr.
Walker represented, but he managed tlie affair suc-
cessfully, and demonstrated the value of his office,
vdiicli, it is needless to say, has many times since
rendered the same noteworthy safe-guarding service.
During Mr. Walker's administration of this office,
the number of associations in California coming
under his jurisdiction has increased from eighty-six
to lilt; and these institutions for mutual advant;ige
liave progressed ^vonderfully. Five of the number
rloing a liuilding and loan business are located in
Santa Clara County, and their assets make Santa
Clara County register third in the state.

In 1916 George S Walker was nominated for Con-
gress as the candidate of tlie Progressive Repub-
licans, in opposition to the incumbent, the Hon. E.
A. Hayes, and each candidate made an excellent
run, the fine record of Mr. Walker, both in the
conduct of the afi^airs of his office and in his con-
.■ristent demonstration of an unmistakable patriotism
and public spirit appealing forcibly to many; but the
result of the election retained the incumbent m office.
Mr. Walker took the verdict philosophically, and
those who are familiar with his fine record as State
Building and Loin Commissioner are disposed to
congratulate the voter on his unwillingness to lose
either one of the officials.

At San Jose, on December 31, 1900, Mr. Walker
was married to Miss Martha I. Spencer, the daugh-
ter of the late Theodore Spencer and his good wife

Ann, who is still living and shares the comforts and
happiness of the Walker fireside. Three children
have blessed their fortunate union: Wesley, Marion
and George S. Walker, Jr.

ANDREW H. JEPSEN.— For over forty years a
resident of Santa Clara County, Andrew H, Jepsen
is one of the substantial citizens of the Cupertino
district, and was among the early orchardists that
have aided in the development of this prosperous
neighborhood. Denmark was Mr. Jepsen's native
l,-:nd, and he was born near the German border.
The date of his birth was January 10, 1860, and his
parents, both now deceased, were worthy folk who
passed their lives in the country of their birth. In
common with the lads of his neighborhood, Andrew
H. Jepsen gained his education in the schools of
that vicinity, and at the age of sixteen he started in
to learn the carpenter's trade in Denmark, serving
an apprenticeship with one inan.

When he became of age, Mr. Jepsen determined
to avail himself of the larger opportunities across
the water, and accordingly arrived in Oakland, Cal..
in 1881. In the fall of that year he came on to San
Jose, and Santa Clara County has since been his
home. He w'orked at his trade for various con-
rractors and in different places in the county, having
helped build some of the more important residences
and business blocks in the city, also worked on the
\gnew As}dum and on the new Del Monte Hotel at
Monterey, continuing at his trade until 1907, when he
quit and has since devoted his time to his ranch
I'roperty. In 1887 he made a trip back to Denmark
and returned to Santa Clara County the next year.

In 1892 occurred the marriage of Mr. Jepsen and
Miss Caroline Rasniussen, who is also a native of
Denmark and who came to California in the late '80s.
She and a brother bought ten acres south of Cuper-
tino and after her ])rother died she became owner of
the property. In 1893 the Jepsens left San Jose
and moved to the ranch, Mr. Jepsen continuing at
his trade and at the same time setting out the ten
icres to orchard. This property was later sold.
He had purchased twenty acres in the immediate
\'icinity of their home and to this he has added and
now owns twenty-seven acres, mostly set to prunes.
Lpon this place he has placed the buildings and sunk
two wells, one 1,^5 and one 245 feet deep, and in-
stalled a fine pumping plant to irrigate his orchards.
He is a strong booster for Santa Clara Count}' and
has always given liberally to aid every worthy project
that would make for prosperity for the citizens and
help build up the county. He is a charter member
of tlie California Prune and Apricot Growers, Inc.
Since he became a citizen of the United States, in
1887, he has voted the Republican ticket at national
elections; in local matters he is nonpartisan.
Fraternally he is an Odd Fellow.

Mr. and Mrs. Tepsen ha\e three sons: Harold is
married and lives on a ranch next to his father's,
be is a machinist and works in San Jose; John and
George are at home and assist with the work on the
ranch. The two eldest sons were in the service of
ilie ("^jovernment during the World War, and George
was called by the draft and was ready to answer the
call when the armistice was signed. The family
ere highly respected by all who have the pleasure
of knowing them.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

693

JAMES G. SHAW. — An cxiicrifiucd luisiiicss
man who has given much thoiiglit to the needs of
large business and the high and comphcatctl develop-
ment of warehousing and forwardnig, James G.
Shaw has well demonstrated his capaliilitN- in the
comprehensive organization of the Shaw Warehouse
& Brokerage Company of San Jose, of which he is
the efficient owner and accommodating proprietor.
A native sou of California, he was born in San i\'Iateo
Countv on July 28. 1882. the sou of h'.lias and Maria
(Goulson) Shaw. The latter, as a rather exceptional
experience for a woman, crossed the plains twice.

Elias Shaw was born in Columbus, Ohio, and be-
ing left an orphan at the age of eight he learned to
paddle his ow-n canoe and did it well, but he had
little opportunity to obtain an education. Coming
West, at the age of fifteen he was fireman on a
Mississippi River steamboat, where tlic_\- nsed wood
and rosin for fuel except wdren they were racing,
when thej- threw in slabs of bacon, and it is needless
to sav that the large smokestack was soon red hot.
Manv were the interesting experiences he could tell
of those days wdien the IMississippi was a great com-
mercial thoroughfare. The news of the discovery of
gold in California kindled his desire to come to the
Pacific Coast and in 1S52 he came around the Horn
on a sailer to San Francisco. He immediately set
out for the mines, his destination being Forbestown
on the Feather River, where he had his ups and
downs as a miner, making and losing a fortune.

In Forbestown. on October 10, 1866, Elias Shaw-
was married to Miss Maria Goulson, who was born
in Leicestershire, England, May 27, 1840, and came
with her parents to the United States in 1848 on
the old ship Franconia. The family settled at Avon.
Wis., remaining there until 1852, when the>- started
across the plains in an o.x-team train, and after a
journey of five months and four days arrived at the
Eureka mine, in the Sierras, going on to F'orbes-
town, January 1, 1853. In 1857 the family returned
via Panama to Avon, Wis., where they continued to
reside until 1864, wdien they again crossed the plains
This time their wagons were drawn by mules and
they made the journey in four months and five days.
About two years later Maria Goulson was married
to Mr. Shaw and they soon located at Pescadero,
San Mateo County, where they engaged in farming.
About 1869 Mr. Shaw went East and purchased
some fine standard-bred stallions and brood mares
and started to drive them across the plains, being
one of the very first men to attempt to bring fine
stock into the state this way. Unfortunately while
in Utah the Indians stampeded the horses and got
away with them, and thus Mr. Shaw suffered a severe
loss, as he had invested heavily in this expensive,
fine-blooded stock. He followed ranching until his
death in 1894, his wife surviving him many years,
passing away on May 16, 1919, a devoted Christian
woman, kind and charitable, who was greatly loved
by all who knew her. A woman of retentive mem-
ory, she was able to narrate very interesting experi-
ences during the Civil War, of her crossing the
plains, the early mining days and of the Vigilantes.
She was the mother of four sons and three daugh-
ters, all of whom are living, our subject and his
twin brother being the youngest.

James (^.. Shaw attended school at Pescadero, fol-
lowing this with a com-sc at the Chestnutwood Busi-
ness College at Santa Cruz. He remained at home
.assisting ]\\.-, mother on the farm until he was seven-
teen years <ild, then clerked in a grocery store at
vSan Mateo for two years, and then for four years
was manager of a lund)er camp store in the Santa
Cruz Mountains. The following year was spent in
tra\-eliug through the East and in 1907 he came to
vSan Jose and entered the employ of the Walsh-Col
Company, then located on South Third Street. Be-
ginning at the lowest rungs of the ladder, he worked
hard and faithfully, and in October, 1919, he was
made secretary and manager of the company, which
was then located on North Market Street and doing
a very extensive business as wholesale grocers, serv-
ing San Mateo, Alameda, Santa Clara, San Benito,
Santa Cruz, A'lonterey and San Luis Obispo counties.
As an experienced dealer in foodstuffs, Mr. vShaw
served with H. B. Martin on the Food Committee
during the World War In b'ebruary, 1922, he re-
signed his position with the Walsh-Col Company to
look after his individual interests.

A pioneer in the motor transportation business in
San Jose, in April, 1919, Mr. Shaw, with a partner,
G. R. Beard, started the Service Motor Transporta-
tion Company, owniug and controlling 154 miles of
franchises granted them by the Railroad Commis-
sion of California, these franchises covering five
coast counties. The business has had a rapid growth
so that in 1022 he incorporated as the Shaw Trans-
portation and Dra\'age Company, of wdiich he is
president, their location being at .564 North Market
Street, where they handle over 200 tons of merchan-
dise per week, operating four trucks. In 1922 Mr.
Shaw incorporated the Shaw Warehouse & Broker-
age Company, with offices at 364 North Market
Street, and warehouses at 110 Bellevuc Avenue, on
the Western Pacific Railroad. He gives his un-
divided attention to this business, ndiich consists
of warehousing, assembling, distributing, forward-
ing, buying and selling, this being the only concern
in the valley combining the functions of the ware-
h-ouse and brokerage business. His experience has
enabled him to make a close study of the problems
of the buyer and seller, as well as the manufacturer
and consumer, and he has splendid and practical
views. He is in a position to afford his clients rates
tc and from all points, both domestic and foreign,
inasmuch as be is a director and vice-president of the
traffic bureau of the San Jose Chamber of Com-
merce. He also arranges to insure goods en route
and attend to all forwarding charges for export ship-
ments, and has established an inspection bureau
wdiich will forestall any question as to grades of
fruit shipped, between buyer and seller, wdien goods
have reached their destination. On account of the
great tonnage and many industries centered in and
around San Jose, it fills a long felt want. At the
present time, owing to natural advantages afforded
by water-shipment, the port of San Francisco is
enjoying very low rates, which encourages many
large Eastern manufacturers to reach out for Pacific
Coast business. However, on account of the ex-
tremely high rates in and out of San Jose, and local
drayin.g charges, the cost of distributing merchandise
in the Santa Clara A^alley through San Francisco

694

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

channels are very high. With a warehouse function-
ing in San Jose, it is possible to load car loads at the
pier in San Francisco, which are then forwarded
to the warehouse in San Jose, thereby eliminating at
least fifty per cent of the cost as outlined above.

At San Francisco, in April, 1909, Mr. Shaw was
married to Miss Minnie Budd, born in New York,
but reared in San Francisco, an accomplished woman
who shares in her hus1:iand's ambitions and interests.
They are the parents of one child, Stanley ,Shaw.
Mr. Shaw is a member of Observatory Parlor,
N. S. G. W., of San Jose; a charter member of the
San Jose Commercial Club, and belongs to the Elks
and the Rotary Club. In politics he is a P^epublican,
and he is a familiar figure ainong the sportsmen of
the locality, enjoying" fishing and hunting for his
recreation. Public-spirited in the development of the
great resources of the state as fast as possible and
upon the most permanent basis, he embraces every
opportunity to aid and boost any enterprise that is
put forth to build up liis county and state.

BUTTON BROS.— Prominent among the most en-
terprising, progressive business firms of San Jose to
whom not only that up-to-date citjr but all Santa Clara
County is indebted for material and permanent ad-
vancement in an important line of industry, is that
of Messrs. Dutton Bros., the orcliardists, who have
a ranch of nearly lUU acres about three miles north
of San Jose, the trim farm at the present being one
of the interesting "show places" of that district.
The Duttons are not only scientific, successful
orchardists, but they are public-spirited citizens, ever
read}' to further the growth, development and pros-
perity of the environment under which tliey live and
carry on their extensive operations.

Both of the ilessrs. Dutton were ])orn m Chi-
cago,— Albert on January 31, lu93, Willis on August
27, 1896, — the sons of Llewellyn and F'annie (Hiatt)
Dutton. The father, an architect who designed many
oftlce l>uildings and homes in Chicago, in 1'*II3 came
to San Francisco, where he continued his profes-
sional occupation. He designed many notable build-
ings in the Bay Cit}-, and was the architect of the
ornate edifice, the F^irst National Bank Building in
San Jose. The mother, who had only these two chil-
dren, died at Redlands a few years ago. In 1915,
Architect Dutton removed to San Jose to reside, and
he bought a ranch of ninety-seven acres on the Alviso
Road, about three miles north of San Jose. Of this
ricli farm land, five and one-half acres are in full-
bearing pear trees, and there are seventy-five acres
of very promising pear trees which our sujjjeets
themselves set out and twelve and a half acres are
in prune trees, also in excellent bearing.

Both boys attended the grammar and high schools
of San Francisco, and Albert took a course of two
years at the Davis branch of the University of Cali-
rornia. Both boys were also in the service during
the last war. AUjert entered tlie V. S. Army in
August. 1917, and he was sent to Camp F'remont.
where he was trained in the machine gun company
of the Ei.ghth Infantry, Eighth Division. On Octolier
25, 1918, they sailed for F'rance, and on the ninth of
November they landed at Brest; I)ut, notwithstanding
the armistice, tlie regiment remained in F'rance until
May 20, 1919, when it returned, and on June 1
Albert Dutton was discharged at Camp Lee, Vir-
ginia. Willis entered the service in August, 1918,

and he was sent to the training camp at Logan, Utah,
where he attended a school for mechanics. He was
in the Fortieth C. A. C, and he was later sent to
i'ort Scott, San F'rancisco, and from there to Camp
Upton, New York, at wdiich point he arrived on Octo-
ber 9. After being there for two weeks, he went to
Camp Grant, Illinois, and in December he came back
to San Francisco where, two days before Christmas,
1918, he was discharged as a private. Willis is a
memjjer of the American Legion, No. 89 of San
Jose. In November, 1919, the two far-sighted and
ambitious young men purchased from their father
his partl>--deve]oped ranch, and they are not only man-
aging it, j-jut they are constantly making improve-
ments which greatly add to its value, and which in-
crease- the agricultural wealth of this region.

Willis is single, but Albert married at San Jose,
on June 9, 1917, Miss Frances Merithew. She was
born in San Jose, the daughter of Myrtle (Coyken-
dall) Merithew, whose husband died prior to Fran-
ces' birth. Mrs. Merithew, after some years, mar-
ried a second time, and now she is Mrs. Myrtle
Syske, of Santa Cruz. Miss Merithew was a pupil in
ilie grammar, and a student in the high schools in
San Jose, and later she took up voice study at the
College of the Pacific. One son has blessed this for-
tunate union, AUiert FI. Dutton.

ALEXANDER ROSE COELHO.— All Milpitas,
as well as other parts of Santa Clara County, unite
in honoring the memory of Alexander Rose Coeiho,
now deceased, wdio founded a prosperous family for
years well-to-do and enjoying the priceless blessings,
the esteem and good-will of everybody, Mr. Coeiho
was liorn at St. r.ucia, Pico, in the Azores Islands
on March 6, 1848, the son of Matthew Rose and
Mary ( Jacciualine) Coeiho, and when twenty-two
years old came to California and settled at Hayward,
in Alameda County, and there he engaged in farm-
ing on leased land. He remained at Hayward for
one year, and then he came to Alviso, in Santa Clara
County, near whicii town he farmed for three years.
His next move was to Milpitas, where he purchased
120 acres of land about two miles to the east, on the
Calaveras Road; and after that he continued to add
to the area of the ranch until it comprised, at the
time of his death, in 1910, some 400 acres. Twenty-
five acres of this land he had set apart as an orchard,
and tliere he raised the finest prunes and apricots,
while the rest of the land was devoted to farming.

On December 7, 1871, Alexander R. Coeiho was
married at San Francisco to Miss Matilda Adelaide
Macedo, the daughter of Manuel and Francisca
Macedo and a native of beautiful Fayal in the
Azores; and their union was blessed with the birth
of tliirteen children; Mary is Mrs. Joseph Smith of
Berryessa, the Avife of the well-kitown orchardist;
Manuel is in Campbell; Julia died at the age of
twenty-six, and Alexander at the age of thirty;
Matilda is Mrs. Manuel Picanco of San Lorenzo;
Matthew was thirty-three years old when he died;
Thomas is on the home ranch; Emma attained to
her twentieth year when she was called to the Great
Beyond; I'rances is Mrs. Harry Francisco of Berry-
essa; Cyrus lives at San Jose; Lucy is the wife of
William Borge, an orchardist, and they make their
home at Milpitas; John C. Coeiho is also an orchard-
ist, and lives on the Stevens Creek Road; Anne en-
joys the comforts of the parental home, which was
built bv Mrs. Coeiho on the Calaveras Road in 1913.

HISTORY OF SANTA Cr.AKA COUNTY

697

Eight grandchildren also have honored these worthy
progenitors: Ernest is the son of Mrs. Mary Smith;
William the son of Manuel; Zelma is the daughter
of Alexander, who is deceased; Alexander is the son
of Matthew; Thomas married Miss Emma Borge,
and they have two children, Ellis and Melba; and
Evelyn and Lorraine are the names of Frances' two
children. Miss Anne, the youngest daughter, who
remains at home, the valued companion of her
mother, took a musical course at the College of
Notre Dame, from which institution she was
graduated with honors in 1921.

JOHN WILLIAM STOUGH— A well-known and
worthy representative of the real estate interests of
San Jose is John Wm. Stough, a prominent agent for
California lands, who has been associated in this line
of business for the past seven years. Although Mr.
Stough has traveled extensively throughout the
Union, he is firmly convinced that no part of the
civilized world can compare with California as a
permanent place of residence, its healthful climate
and rich soil surpassing those of all other sections of
the globe in point of excellence.

A son of Edward and Elizabeth (Welch) Stough,
John Wm. Stough was born, January 21, 1872, in
Burlington, Kansas; his father was born in the rural
district adjacent to Gettysburg, Pa. His parents were
married in Pennsylvania, later taking up their resi-
dence in western Kansas. The paternal grandfather.
Rev. Samuel Stough, was a native of Holland, and
a Lutheran minister, who came to Pennsylvania and
was engaged in his chosen profession for a number
of years. Our subject well remembers the great
bands of Indians on their raids throughout Kansas;
also the swarms of grasshoppers that devastated the
country. He was the oldest of a family of seven
children, and at the age of twelve was required to
make his own way, which he did not hesitate to do.
Three brothers and three sisters are also residents of
California; his mother passed away at Hanford,
Cal, after which the father returned to Pennsyl-
vania, where he passed away.

Bill Stough, as he is familiarly known by his many
friends from his railroad days, entered the employ
of the Santa Fe railroad out of Ottawa, Kansas, as
a newsboy; his lessons of economy and thrift help-
ing him to save his money, which he sent to his
mother. For six years he was thus engaged, and
during that time made the acquaintance of many
public men, among them being the railroad officials,
professional men, and professors of the L'niversity
of Kansas, also of the Baldwin University, located
at Baldwin, Kansas. He has the record of working
as newsboy on every train running out of Kansas
City. When he reached the age of twenty, he re-
moved to Denver, and was engaged in the same line
of work on the various lines centering in that city;
however, he returned to Kansas City and followed
railroading for some years.

The marriage of Mr. Stough, in 1893, united him
with Miss Eva Gertrude Coulson, a native of Chan-
ute, Kans., where she was reared and educated. Mr.
Stough was later employed by the various railroads
throughout the north and west, spending about one
year running as conductor on the W. P. R. R. out
of Stockton. During all the years of service with
the various railroad companies, he had managed to
accumulate a considerable amount of money; which
he invested in mining property at Salmon, Idaho,

and \\liere he had the misfortune to lose all his hard-
earned accumulation of years. In 1905 he removed
to San Jose and established a restaurant, and in time
he owned and operated three restaurants on Bassett
Street, adjacent to the depot, which brought him
ample returns for his industry and toil. He began
with a capital of $87, but by strict economy was able
to save considerable, which he invested in Fresno
County unimproved land. He was engaged in the
restaurant business ten years, and during this time
he was able to hold his land in Fresno County, later
trading it for apple orchards in the vicinity of Wat-
sonville. He has been amply rewarded for his indus-
try and frugality, until he now owns several apple
orchards, with an output of 30,000 boxes of apples in
a single year. Eight years ago, in 1914, he established
his real estate business, dealing in California lands,
making exchanges of all kinds. His success has been
almost phenomenal, as he has handled more than a
million dollars since taking up his residence in the
Santa Clara Valley.

In 1921, Mr. Stough, with Hans Sumpf, of Coal-
inga, purchased 394 acres in Coalinga and organized
the South Coalinga Oil Company, capital $500,000,
in which he is a director and active in its develop-
ment. Here they are drilling and operating, this
being a splendid location, as there are producing oil
wells on both sides of their property.

Mr. and Mrs. Stough are the parents of two daugh-
ters: Mrs. Vera Travis, residing in San Francisco,
and Enez, a student in the San Francisco high school.
The family reside in San Francisco, wdiere Mr.
Stough spends his week-ends. He also owns valu-
able real estate in San Francisco, one building being
an apartment house. Politically he is a stanch Re-
publican. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Ma-
sons, having attained to the 32nd degree, being both
a Knights Templar and 32nd degree Scottish Rite
Mason and a member of Aahmes Temple, A. A. O.
N. M. S., Oakland. Mr. and Mrs. Stough are popular
members of the local chapter of the Eastern Star.
Mr. Stough is a member of the Chamber of Commerce.
Real Estate Men's Association of Santa Clara
County and Commercial Club, and is still a member
of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.

ALEXANDER L. CRABB.— A public-spirited man
such as every community sooner or later needs, and
one wdio has amply demonstrated his dynamic value
to Santa Clara County through his consistent and
ncver-flinching advocacy of the conservation of water
for irrigation purposes, is Alexander L. Crabb, a na-
tive son proud of his identification with the great
Pacific commonwealth, wdro was born at San Lean-
<lro, in Alameda County, on November 7, 1869. His
father, Manuel E. Crabb, was a native of the
Portuguese mainland, and when he was only
seven years old he went to sea; and for years
he remained a seafaring man, shipping here and there
on ocean-going sailing vessels. It thus happened
that in 1852 he came into San Francisco; and hawing
enjoyed the attractive, if decidedly primitive Bay Cit.v
and environs and discerned something of the future
liossiblities of the new \Vestern country, he matie
for the inland and turned his back upon the sea.
.\t first, he went to the gold mines, but after an c:v-
pcricncc of fortv-eight hours with pick and shovel he
concluded that he could lind a mine of another kaid
of gold elsewhere, and so came to San Leandro, w.ierc
he "took up farming. He married Miss Rose Con-

698

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

stancia, an exceptionally worthy woman, and their
union was blessed with the birth of three sons,
Manuel, Jr., Alexander and Antone.

When Alexander Crabb was eighteen years of age,
he started to make his own way in the outer world,
and so became a messenger at San Leandro in the
service of the Western Union Telegraph Companjf.
In 1891 he was made station agent at Milpitas, and
twenty years later, when the Bank of Milpitas was
opened, he became the first cashier, and he has held
that responsible position, to the satisfaction of every-
one dealing with the bank ever since. His genial per-
sonality has rendered him approachable, and his val-
uable connections have given him and the important
financial institution he represents many legitimate ad-
vantages in the transaction of noteworthy business
and the btiilding-up of a patronage whose increase
means something to the town as well as to the bank.
Mr. Crabb is the owner of two ranches near San
Leandro — one a farm of six acres, the other an eleven-
acre tract devoted to the growing of cherries and
currants. This land was unimproved when Mr. Crabb
purchased it, and to him is due the credit for setting
it out to fruit trees, and to further developing its re-
sources. Meanwhile, he has found time to do some-
thing for the town as well as for himself; he has
long been a member of the board of school trustees
of Milpitas, and was formerly chairman. In politics,
he endeavors to keep himself independent of party
limitations, while he recognizes the great value of
social relations, and heartily maintains an active mem-
bership in the F. & A. M. of San Leandro, the Roj^al
Arcanum and Templars of San Jose, and the Islam
Temple at San Francisco.

At San Francisco on September 25, 1894, Mr. Crabb
«as married to Miss Mary F. Little, a native of San
Francisco and the daughter of James H. and Sarah
Little. Her father was a pioneer of San Francisco,
where he was well-known for his development of the
local transfer business and both parents are now-
deceased. Five children have been born to Mr. and
Mrs. Crabb. Alexander James is an automobile dealer
in Milpitas; Irving M. is with the Milpitas Lumber
Company; Ethel has become Mrs. Stevens of Stock-
tion; Ruth and Herbert are at home. Alexander J.
Crabb married Miss Aileen Volkers of San Jose,
and they have had three children, Madaline, Helen
and Alexander; and Mrs. Ethel Stevens has two chil-
dren, Leland and Helen.

JOHN PANCERA.— Among the many men of
foreign birth who have been successful to a marked
degree is John Pancera, an early resident of San
Jose who was for some time engaged as a merchant
but who is now retired from the stress of business
life. He was born in Novara, Italy, on March 13.
18S8, the son of Joseph and Lucy (Martinetti) Pan-
cera, who were large farmers of that province. Mr
Pancera has worked hard all his life, beginning early
in life on a farm and later became a stonemason.
He attended the common schools of Italy and grew
up in the Piedmont country, on the boundary line
of France, Italy, and Switzerland, and as Mr. Maz-
zini, his employer, contracted in all three of these
countries, Mr. Pancera learned something of the
French language.

When in his seventeenth year, Mr. Pancera bade
goodbye to his parents and friends and came to
America, being the first of his family to immigrate
to this country, leaving two brothers and four sis-

ters. He sailed from Havre, France, and reached
New York in March, 1875, and came on direct to
Eureka, Nev., where his first employment was burn-
ing charcoal, and he continued in this work for a
year. Then going to San Francisco and later to
Santa Cruz, he worked at whatever he could find to
do. He arrived in San Jose in the latter part of
1876, and went to work for a wealthy resident on the
Alameda, taking care of the garden, orchard, lawn,
and the stock, receiving fifteen dollars for a month's
wages, and as he had to pay the employment agency
five dollars for the position, it was not encouraging
for a newcomer. He then went to work the next
year for the Delwick Restaurant on Santa Clara
Street, in San Jose. In 1879 he opened the Eureka
Chop House which was located on Market Street,
and the next year disposed of it and went to Denver,
Colo., where he worked for Barklow Bros., propri-
etors of the depot hotel and restaurant, for three
years. On June 12, 1884, he came back to San Jose,
and started a general merchandise business on the
Milpitas and Berryessa Road, two miles north of the
San Jose post oflice, successfully operating this busi-
ness for fifteen and a half years. In 1903, he bought
the property on Reed and South First streets, and
opened up a grocery and general merchandise store
on April 24. He bought and remodeled both the store
building on the corner and the residence immediately
north of it. and here conducted his business until
November 16, 1920, when he closed it out, and sold
the property in February, 1921. He owns forty
acres of unimproved land at Ducor, in Tulare County.
Mr. Pancera also built a residence and store on the
Milpitas Road which he later sold. He has made
three trips to his native land to see his mother, and
in 1900, while on one of his trips, accompanied by his
wife and daughter, he visited the Paris Exposition,
Naples, Rome, Venice, Florence, Milan and Bologna.
His second visit was in 1903, and in 1912 he made a
third trip. His father passed away in 1895, his
mother surviving until the year 1912, when she had
reached the age of seventy-seven years, passing away
soon after Mr. Pancera had returned to America.

Mr. Pancera's first marriage, which occurred No-
vember 23, 1879, united him with Miss Mary Shalvey,
who was born in Ireland, and they became the parents
of two children: Rosa (deceased) and May L. Mrs.
Pancera died in 1902, and a year later, in 1903, Mr.
Pancera married Miss Susie Shalvey, a sister of his
first wife. Mrs. Pancera was born in County Cavan,
Ireland, and was the daughter of John and Mary
(King) Shalvey, farmer folk, who lived and died in
that country. ^Irs. Pancera was educated in the
National schools of Ireland, was reared in the Cath-
olic faith, and came to Amercia when twenty years
of age, settling in San Jose in the year 1891. She is
a member of the Catholic Daughters of America. Mr.
Pancera is a member of the Knights of Columbus and
of St. Joseph's Benevolent Society, having been a
member for over thirty years and a trustee for
over twenty years, he has also been treasurer since
1900. The "family now live at 743 South First Street,
where they are enjoying all the good cheer of the
California climate in their comfortable home. They
are meinbers of St. Joseph's Catholic Church of San
Jose. Mr. Pancera's first vote was cast in favor of
Hancock and English, in 1880, but he now votes with
the Republican party.

^S^^Cr>^ ^^^^-'^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

701

GEORGE ROBERTS— Distinguished as one of

the foremost Spirituahsts of the West, George Rob-
erts, with his devoted wife, luid the honor of as-
soeiating San Jose in a somewhat permanent man-
ner with psyehie seienee, now and for years past
a snbjeet of intense study b\' some of tlie noted
intellects in every country. He was born in New-
York }vlills, near Utica, on Ma\- 21, 1832, attended
scliool near Utica, and when he was nineteen years
of age engaged in farming and other occupations.
Dissatisfied w'ith the opportunities there presented,
Mr. Roberts in 1860 set out for California; and so it
happened that the most fruitful part of his life
has been identified -with the Coast.

His father, John Roberts, was born in England,
March lO, 1807, and died in Clarks Mills, N. Y.,
February 7, 1890, while his mother, wdio was in
maidenhood, Sarah Bowers, also a native of Eng-
land, born June 16, 1804, died at Clarks Mills, June
10, 1854. In 1844 they removed to Osceola in Lewis
County, N. Y". After a limited schooling George
worked two seasons on the tow path of the Erie
Canal. He afterwards drove a stage in New Y'ork
City for 2 years. His father having died while he
was a lad he was left to make his own way in the
world. In 1851 he married Miss Nancy Green at
Osceola, N. Y'., and together they came to California
in February, 1860. His first venture was in Nevada
County, wdiere with two other men he developed
a prospect at Omega Camp, afterwards buying out
his partners, but his mining operations were only
partially successful. He then opened a general mer-
chandise store at Omega which he conducted until
1869, when he came to San Jose.

He first bought twenty acres on the Almaden
Road, about three miles from the city where he
built a home. Farming was slow business for him
after his years of activity in the mines, so he
sold the farm and moved to town and opened a
general store in the Archer building next to Kocher
and Blauer's jewelry store. This also was slow
business. He has often said that he sold more goods
on a Sunday morning in the mines than he could
sell here in a week. He disposed of the store and
bought the Lick House, then located on the Ryland
property. He sold the Lick House in 1874 and
concluded to go on a camping trip through the
southern portion of the state. At this time the
Lonipoc Land Colony scheme was beginning to at-
tract attention. He heard it talked of when he
reached Santa Cruz and bought two shares. While
in Watsonville he heard nothing else talked of so
he returned to Santa Cruz and San Jose and se-
cured proxies from those who had bought shares
and then proceeded to Lompoc, where the meeting
to organize the colony was to be held.

The promoters of the scheme were mostlj^ San
Francisco real estate dealers who had no other in-
terest in the colony than to sell shares and take
their commission. Being fortified with these proxies
Mr. Roberts was in a position to largely control
the situation. Fred Adams was elected president
and Mr. Roberts the secretary of the colony and as
Mr. Adams was absent most of the time the greater
part of the management fell upon' the secretary. Mr.
Roberts built himself a house and also the first
store in Lompoc and gave his entire attention to
the interests of the colony for a number of years.

He was instrumental in establishing the Hank of
Lonipoc and was its hrst president and also served as
postmaster. He invested largely in city lots and
country property and contributed several thousand
dollars to bring the railroad into Lompoc. Crops
^\'ere good, values increased and his investment
proved a wonderful success. But they still loved
San Jose, so returning to this city they built an ele-
gant residence on Stockton Avenue where they lived
for many years, Mr. Roberts still looking after his
interests in Lompoc. Mrs. Geo. Roberts was a firm
believer in a life after death and in her Stockton
Avenue home she had a room set apart for seance
purposes and spiritualists of forty and fifty years
ago remember the wonderful manifestations taking
place there. Room was limited in the house — she
could not accommodate all wdio wanted to come — so
in 1910 she induced Mr. Roberts to buy the prop-
erty on the corner of Fifth and St. John streets
wdrere he built a modern home on the corner and
the beautiful temple adjoining known as Roberts'
Temple, at a cost of about $35,000. The building
was dedicated to the cause of spiritualism and regu-
lar services have been held there ever since. Up
to the time of Mrs. Roberts' passing, November 26,
1916, the entire expense of all services was met by
Mr. Roberts. No collection or offering was ever
taken in the Temple. After his wife's death Mr. Rob-
erts felt that he would like to be relieved of the
responsibility of the management of its affairs and
so deeded the property to the Sleeper Trust.

While on a trip to his old home in Nevada County
in the fall of 1910 Mr. Roberts met with an accident
from which he never entirely recovered. He passed
away October 8th, 1920. He was a kind-hearted
man, little given to talk, but was a profound thinker.
Of his immense fortune he had left little. He pro-
vided magnificentlj' to every relative and many
friends while he was yet able to see that it was done
right. No one ever did George Roberts a kindness
who was not rewarded for it.

In 1851 Mr. Roberts married Miss Nancy Green,
the ceremony taking place at Osceola, N. Y'., a good
woman, who left the world better for her having
been in it, when she passed away on November 26,
1916, aged eighty-six. Mr. Roberts was a Republican
but he was too broad-minded to allow himself to meet
local issues in any spirit of partisanship, and hence
he was one of the first to pull with his neighbors,
regardless of party, for the best men and the best
projects for the community's progress.

The last year of his life was brightened as well
as lightened by his niece, Miss Edna Sayles, who
came at his invitation to care for and minister to
his comforts and thus the life of this grand old
pioneer passed out in his eighty-eighth year.

WALTER R. PEACOCK.— An esteemed citizen
prominent in fraternal circles, Walter R. Peacock
has a record of nearly half a century of profitable
and pleasurable activity in the mystic halls of the
I. O. O. F. He is a Republican in matters of national
politics, as he is also a veteran soldier; but he is too
good an American to allow partisan politics to cloud
his vision, and he endeavors to discharge his civic
duties according to the broadest possible platform.
He was born in Philadelphia on October 9, 1856, the
son of S. J. Peacock, a native of New Jersey, whose
family dates back to the days of the Revolution. His

702

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

great-grandfather lived in New Jersey, and his grand-
father was a Methodist minister there. S. J. Pea-
cock married Miss Ehzabeth B. Roselle, and her
family came from England, and she was born in the
British Isles. The worthy couple had five children;
but today only our subject and a brother, living at
Newark, N. J., survive. The father served his full
three years as an apprentice to a carpenter and after
that he served four years as an apprentice to a stair-
case builder — in those days a trade by itself.

Walter Peacock attended the local grammar school
and then for a year went to the high school, and
since his thirteenth year has made his way in the
world. He went to work in the iron and sheet-
metal works in Philadelphia, and served three years
in learning that trade. He continued to follow that
occupation until, on December S, 1873, he joined the
U. S. Army, in which he saw thirty years and twenty-
six days of active service, being retired on December
31, 1903. He enlisted as a private, and was retired
as ordnance sergeant. During the Spanish-American
War, he served under various generals, including
General Cook, when he was stationed at Fort Apache,
Arizona. During the earlier part of the war, he was
in the Arizona department, and during the latter
part, he was in the Colorado department. In the
late World War. he again gave his services to the
United States, and he served as sergeant major from
March 28, 1918, to August 31, 1919, when he was at
Stanford University and was an instructor of the
R. O. T. C. From October 1 to December IS, 1918,
he served as an instructor, with the rank of sergeant-
major, of the S. A. T. C. at Stanford; and from
May 24 to July, 1918, he served, with the same rank,
in instruction work at the Reserve Officers' Training
Camp at the Presidio.

In 1903. after having been retired from the army,
Mr. Peacock came to San Jose and retired from
active life. Tlie next year, he joined the Ancient
Order of Foresters, and he has been a member since.
He entered this order in the Mount Hamilton Court,
but a few vears later this was absorbed by the Gar-
den City Court. On December 28, 1878, Mr. Pea-
cock joined the I. O. O. F., and the next year he
went through the chairs of the order, and he is now
a past grand. He has been secretary of San Jose
Encampment No. Zi since May 16, 1907, and he is
a past chief patriarch of the San Jose Encampment
No. 35. He is also a member of Canton No. 9.

On August 28, 1885. at Pierre, then in Dakota
Territory, Mr. Peacock was married to Miss Bertha
Bergen, a daughter of Gust Bergen, a native of
Germany who was Ijorn not far from Berlin and
when fourteen years old came to the United States.
Pie came West to the Dakota Territory, obtained
land and there lived man>- years; and as he was a
good musician, he was widely popular. Five children
and seven grandchildren have sprung from this for-
tunate union. Bertha H. is Mrs. Clift, a widow living
with her father in San Jose. She was born in Dakota,
and has one daughter, Bertha Lillian. Walter J.
lives at Vallejo, Cal. He was born at Madison
Barracks, N. Y., and the rest of the familjf were
also born there. Walter married Miss Hattie Baker
of San Jose, and they have one daughter. Alma M.
D. G. Peacock lives at 515 Twenty-eighth Avenue,
San Francisco. He has been twice married, and had
two children by his first wife. For his second wife

he chose Miss Mabel Reick, and they have one
child, Dorothy. Emma M. is at present Mrs. Frank
Grigsby of 42 Union Street, San Jose; and they
have one daughter, Vivian. Ida M. has become
Mrs. W. A. Rasmussen, of 381 Delmar Avenue, San
Jose; and they have one son, W. A. Rasmussen, Jr.
Since coming to San Jose, Mr. and Mrs. Peacock
have made their home at 2 Sanborn Avenue.

JAMES PATRICK SEX.— A representative mem-
ber of the legal fraternity, James Patrick Sex is
highly esteemed by his associates. A native son of
California, he was born in San Jose April 7, 1875,
a son of Peter and Margaret (Kenny) Sex. In 1851
his father came to California via the Isthmus of
Panama and settled first in San Francisco, but during
the gold rush went to Amador and Calaveras coun-
ties; later during the gold excitement, he moved to
the Feather River country, then journeyed into Brit-
ish Columbia and Canada.

A few years later, in the year of 18S7, Mr.
Sex returned to California and settled in Amador
County, where he became a naturalized citizen; he
remained there until 1859 when he came to San
Francisco for a short time and from there to Mon-
terey and San Luis Obispo counties, where he was
engaged in the cattle and sheep business. In 1866
he returned to Santa Clara County and engaged in
farming, and later was employed as general night
man with the San Jose and San Francisco Railroad,
which had just been completed. On account of fail-
ing health, he only remained with them for one year,
and returned to farming and for a year or more
operated a threshing machine in partnership with
Thos. Boyter and Dennis Hayes.

After his marriage to Mrs. Margaret (Kenny)
Shaw, who was also a pioneer of this country, Mr.
Sex was engaged in general teaming, which he con-
tinued until 1896, after which he became superin-
tendent of Calvary Cemetery and was thus engaged
until his death, which occurred in 1902. Mrs. Sex
passed awaj- April 17, 1887. By her union with
Mr. Shaw Mrs. Sex had two children, one of whom
grew up — Margaret Shaw the wife of James Mc-
Kagney of San Jose; and of her union with Peter
Sex there were also two children, William, who
died in infancy and James Patrick.

James P. Sex received his preliminary education
in St. Joseph's College, supplemented by a course
in Santa Clara College, when he received the coveted
degree of Ph.B. in 1909 and his LL.D. in 1910. He
had matriculated in Santa Clara College in 1890
for the class of 1894, but circumstances arose which
compelled him ■ to leave college in 1893, and he en-
tered AVni. A. Bowden's law office and studied law
until he was admitted to the bar, April 27, 1896, and
later on to the IT. S. District Court, August 3,
1909. After his admission he practiced law for a
)'ear with Mr. Bowden, until June 1, 1897, when he
entered the county clerk's office as a deputy county
clerk under Henry A. Pfister, serving until June 1,
1902. He then opened a law office and practiced law
until January 1, 1904, when he entered the district
attorney's office as assistant district attorney under
Judge Jas. H. Campbell, continuing under him and
"his successor, Arthur M. Free, until November 1,
1911, when he resigned to again enter the general
practice of law with offices in the First National
Bank Building, San Jose, where he has a lucrative

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

705

practice among a large clientele. He is well known
and popular, and his business is not alone confined
to Santa Clara County and the l!ay region, but
over the wdiole State of California, having had nu-
merous interesting and hard-fought eases in the
course of his legal career.

In July, 1909, with Father Joseph W. Lydon, Mr.
Sex was one of the organizers of the law depart-
ment of the University of Santa Clara, wdiich was
opened in August, 1909, since wdiich time he has
been professor of criminal law, a chair he has filled
acceptably and well. Since January 1, 1920, he has
also conducted the class of practice and the moot
court of the above institution.

The marriage of Mr. Sex. January Z9. 1900, united
him with Miss Nellie G. Ward, born in San Fran-
cisco, the daughter of John and Julia Ward. She
graduated at Notre Dame College in 1897. To them
has been born one daughter, Helen Marie. Politic-
ally he is a Democrat, is a third degree Knight of
Columbus, belongs to the Young Men's Institute,
and is a faithful and devout member of St. Joseph's
Catholic Church. He has richly deserved the suc-
cess he has achieved and it is the wish of all who
know him that he may long live to enjoy the fruits
of his labors, and the good will of his many friends
throughout the community.

FRANCIS MARION EVANS.— A pioneer whose
life and work have left a deep and abiding impress
on his day was Franc's Marion Evans, a native of
Missouri, where he was born on January 19, 1837.
His father, Josiah Evans, was a frontiersman and a
farmer, who had married Miss Cavery Ann Smith;
and when the lad was twelve years old, his parents
set out across the rough country to California and
soon settled in the Placerville district, wdiere Mr.
Evans mined for a number of years. In time the
family migrated further to Santa Clara County and
there, east of Milpitas, they found part of the old
Tularcitos grant, which took their fancy; and Mr.
Evans purchased 500 acres of the grant, buying it
twice, in reality, on account of a dispute in the title.
He set out ten acres to prunes, and devoted the bal-
ance of the land to general farming. The land
proved a good investment, and the past season
twelve acres have been devoted to the cultivation
of tomatoes, and round about the home, wdiich was
erected on the ranch in 1870, stock, grain, hay and
seed are raised. There were four children in the
family, Francis being the eldest.

He attended the grammar schools in Missouri, and
completed his schooling in California, but the de-
mands of a busy life precluded his carrying studies
beyond the lower grades. At San Jose, on Deceniljer
12, 1869. he married Miss Lydia R. Trueman, a native
of New Brunsw'ick, Canada, and the daughter of
Marcus and Rebecca (Reynold) Trueman, who
brought her to California in 1868 by way of the
Panama route. They stopped for a wdiile in San
Francisco, then Mr. Trueman took up farming, and
^fter that he engaged in undertaking. He lived to be
eighty-three v^ears old, and his good wife breathed.,
her last when past eighty. Mr. Evans built an attrac-
tive home on an elevation commanding the valley
below, and on that beautiful spot he and his wife
reared a family of six children: George, Nellie, Ann,
Mrs. Topham, Elizabeth, C. J. and Arthur. Francis

Marion Evans, ivlio was a standpat but broad-
minded Republican who exerted the best of influence
in politics, died on November 26, 1915, particularly
honored liy his fellow-members of the Pioneers and
Grangers of Santa Clara County.

JOHN H. COSTIGAN.— A popular public official
of Milpitas is John H. Costigan, who in addition to
the performance of his duties as constable is a pros-
perous rancher and the successful proprietor and
manager of one of the best livery stables in all Santa
Clara County. A native son proud of his association
with the great Pacific commonwealth, he was born
seven miles west of Gilroy, in Santa Clara County,
on September 2,3, 1861, the son of John J. and Mary
E. Costigan. His father was a resident of Illinois
when he decided to migrate westward to California;
and he came to *hc Golden State by way of the
Isthmus route, and arrived in San Francisco in 1854.

Almost immediately, as the result of his insight
and foresightedness, he came on to Santa Clara
County, where he engaged as a merchant at a place
between Edenvale and Cottage Grove, where there
used to be a quicksilver mine, establishing himself
m business as a partner of R. Mcllroy. In that place
and way he continued a number of years, or until
the quicksilver mine was abandoned, when he lost
lieavily through the indebtedness to him of those
who suddenly left the mine country. He then en-
gaged in the raising of sheep near Gilroy, and so it
happened that the lad John attended the school in
the Adams district. Later, when his father had
taken up an express business in San Jose, he went
to school there in the old city hall, the eldest in a
family of ten children, only six of whom are still
living These surviving representatives of one of the
worthiest couples ever settling in Santa Clara County
are, our subject; Alice, now Mrs. J. R. Grant of
Gilroy; Anna, now Mrs. AValter Espinoza of Moun-
tain View; Robert, who is field manager for Milpitas
of the California Packing Corporation; Isabelle, and
George, tractor driver with the California Packing
Corporation at Milpitas.

When John H. Costigan was twenty years old, he
accepted employment with William Tcnnant at the
Twenty-one Mile House, and later he worked for
G. J. Murphy, on the Murphy Ranch, at Gilroy; and
when Mr. Murphy removed to Milpitas, he became
foreman of the Moreland Stock Ranch, conducted
there by Mr. Murphy, and which was devoted to the
laising of fine horses; and in association with Mr.
Murphy, in horse-breeding, of thoroughbred trotting
horses, he remained active as a leader for ten years,
his experience proving of real value not only to the
interests of the famous ranch, but in the advance-
ment of this branch of California industry.

In 1898 Mr. Costigan became constable of Milpitas,
five years after he moved into the town itself, and
he has since held that responsible office, to the entire
satisfaction of everyone, displaying level-headedness
and both public spirit, resolution and bravery in the
performance of his duty, maintaining law and order.
and doing justice by all who have official dealings
with him. In 1912 he embarked in the bvery busi-
ness, and he has continued to furnish Milpitas the
best service of that kind she has ever enjoyed.

At San Jose, on September 6, 18Q3, Mr. Costigan
was married to Miss Mary Ellen F.lrod, a native of
Gilroy and the daughter of N. and Hannah (Fitts")
Flrocl, natives of North Carolina, who came to Gil-

706

HISTORY OF SANTA CI^ARA COUNTY

roy in early days. Mrs. Costigan owns a ranch of
160 acres in the Adams district near Gihoy, while
Mr. Costigan has a farm of equal size in Lassen
County, taken up by him under the enlarged Home-
stead Act. Six children have blessed this union:
\'ivi:in has become Mrs. Edward Costigan of Mil-
pitas; Mamie is Mrs. Silveira of Livermore; Etta
Costigan dwells in San Jose; Lester lives at home;
Avis is now Mrs. V. C. Eller of Fresno; Archie Ray
died in May, 192L Mr. Costigan is a standpat
Democrat, whose experience and foresight are sought
for the councils of his party, and he is a inember of
the Milpitas lodge of the U. P. E. C.

WILLIAM H. SELBY— A very successful ranch-
er who is also an expert carpenter, is William
H. Selby, of 269 South Fifteenth Street, San Jose,
whom the citizens of Santa Clara County are
pleased to honor, first as the son of a worthy pioneer,
secondly as the husband of a talented lady who well
represents another pioneer family of note, and third,
as one whose forward movements have always meant
something promising to others besides himself.

A native son, he was born at San Jose on April 9,
1862. the son of John Samuel and Sarah (Brelsford)
Selby, long highly-esteemed residents of the Santa
Clara Valley. His great-grandfather, John Selby,
was a native of Maryland, and he migrated to Ken-
tucky, and later settled where he died, in Callaway
County, Mo. He had a son, William J. Selby, who
was born in Shelby County, Ky., and grew up a car-
penter; and later he was a farmer in Callaway
County, Mo., where he lived until his demise. He
married Miss Julia Ann Turley, also a native of Ken-
tucky, who passed away in Missouri. John Samuel
was one of a family of seven children, and was born
in 1834 in Callaway County, where he attended
school. On April 17, 1853, he set out on a five-
months' trip to California. He took a good look at
the Santa Clara Valley, and the result of the inspec-
tion was his locating at San Jose. He soon went to
work in Marin County, in the redwood district, after
which he returned to San Jose.

Then he took up farming, and purchased 150 acres
at Eerryessa; but at the end of three years he sold
this tract and bought a farm five miles north of San
Jose — 100 choice acres, of which he soon had four-
teen set out in orchards. Once established as a
farmer, he followed contracting and building as well;
and from 1892 he was one of the best supervisors,
for four years, Santa Clara County ever had. He
married Miss Brelsford. a native of the Hoosier State,
the ceremony taking place at San Jose; and two sons
and three daughters blessed this union. Mary mar-
ried William E. Trimble, a farmer of San Jose;
Emma Jane is the wife of Ed. Able, of Milpitas; Wil-
liam H. is the head carpenter at the State Hospital
at Agnew; Lizzie Lee became the wife of W. E.
Coombs, of San Jose; and George Wray is a citizen
of Santa Maria. John S. Selby was active as a Demo-
cratic politician, a member of the Ancient Order of
United Workmen, and also a member of the Metho-
dist Episcopal Chuch South. As a lumberman at Vir-
ginia City, and in other places and fields of activity,
he steadfastly set forth the example of a straight-
forward Christian gentleman.

William H. Selby attended the Orchard School in
vSanta Clara County, the third child in the family, and
when old enough to do so, took up carpentering with

his father. When twenty years of age, he assumed
the responsibilities of contracting in partnership with
his father; but in December 1898, he entered the ser-
vice of the state, and became the supervising carpen-
ter and builder, in charge of maintenance at the Ag-
new State Hospital. He lived on the old Selby ranch,
until 1911 when he moved into San Jose.

At San Jose, on August 23, 1893, he married to
Miss Alice Meads, a native of Santa Clara County,
the daughter of John Wesley Meads, wdro came to
California in 1853, locating in Santa Clara County
His grandmother was a member of the old Amos
family of Kentucky, and near relative of Gen. Robert
E. Lee. John W. Meads was born in Baltimore, Md.,
on April 11, 1834, the son of William Meads, also a
native of that cit3', a famous vegetable gardener of
early days. John W. Meads grew up in a family each
one of whom made a name and record, and in young
manhood was apprenticed to the mason's trade.
When he came out to California he traveled by way
of the Isthmus of Panama, and he rented land near
Alviso, on the Alviso and San Jose road, where he
engaged in farming until 1865. He married Miss
Agnes Louise Emerson, a native of Maine, and the
daughter of Capt. Charles Emerson, who brought
his family to California by way of the Horn in 1849,
as master of his own vessel. He located his family
in San Jose while he continued to follow the sea for
many years, making trips to both the Orient and
Europe. He was shipwrecked twice, losing two ves-
sels. His wife was accidentally killed while a pas-
senger on the steamer Jennie Lind, when the boilers
aboard blew up in San Francisco Bay.

Mrs. Selby is the fourth child in a family of seven
children, three of wdiom are living. Being an accom-
plished and attractive woman she is able to give her
own daughter, Elizabeth Louise, many advantages.
In 1911, Mr. and Mrs. Selby bought their present
home on South Fifteenth Street; and there they have
since lived. He is a Democrat, Mrs. Selby a Repubh-
can, and she has served on the election board.

MRS. ROBERT S. INGLESON.— A splendid ex-
ample of what a plucky American woman may do,
her character ennobled by a high, definite purpose
in life, when called upon to discharge enormous
duties in the face of many and well-nigh overpower-
ing obstacles, has been afforded in the life of Mrs.
Robert S. Ingleson, the rancher, who lives at the
corner of First and Gish streets, in San Jose. A
native New Yorker, she was born at South Glens
Falls, in Saratoga County, and was baptized Martha
M. Parks, the daughter of William and Clara (Sweet)
Parks, and the granddaughter of Daniel Parks. Her
parents were descended from old New York families,
and they left nine children to perpetuate their well-
established lineage. Mrs. Ingleson was the second
child and eight of the family are still Uving, Thomas,
the seventh-born, having died at the age of twenty-
three. Samuel, 'William, Archie F., and John are
stockmen in Santa Clara County; Bertha has be-
come Mrs. Hulbcrt Willis, of San Jose; Nellie is
Mrs. Styles, of Los Angeles; the youngest of the
family is named Mark, also a stockman, residing in
San Luis Obispo County.

William Parks was a stockman after he came to
California in 1877 and in 1881 became a partner with
C. C. Schofield in the cattle business on the Mt.
Hamilton Range on Black Mountain, east of San

HISTORY OF Sx\NTA CUVRA COUNTY

709

Tose. It happened, therefore, tliat Martha Parks at-
tended the San Jose granniiar school; and growing
up, she was married at San Jose, on Noveniljer 1,
1891, to Robert S. Inglcson, who was born on Alviso
Road, in Santa Clara County, April 13, 1859, the
sou of Charles and Louisa (Bergen) Ingleson, na-
tives of the Island of Guernsey, England, and Balti-
more, Md., respectively. He sailed around the Horn
to California in 1849. and bought land in the vicinity
of Alviso, and it is believed that Mr. Inglcson jjuilt
the first two-story frame house in the county. Mr.
Ingleson made a trip back East and in Baltimore,
Md., he was married, and he brought his wife out
with him. There were nine children in their family,
of whom Robert S. was the second-born. Mary,
now Mrs. Harper, was the eldest; after Robert came
Charles; then Elizabeth, who married Henry
Gallagher of San Jose, and the others were John,
ilrs. ^Margaret Shattuck, James, Clara and George.
Robert Ingleson attended the public schools of
Santa Clara County, while growdng up on the old
home place, a ranch of 160 acres south of Alviso,
and after they were married, thejf lived until the
fall of 1906 on a part of the ranch, leaving it only
when the place was sold. Mr. Ingleson then rented
the old Flannery Ranch of 100 acres, and for nine
vears conducted there a stock and dairj' farm.

When j\Irs. Ingleson had been married about one
years, her mother died, and she was called upon to
take her place as foster mother to the five younger
members of the family, and to rear them as well as
her own children, Mr. Ingleson died on February
9, 1916, highly esteemed and mourned by all who
knew him, and she has since then been compelled
to meet the perplexing problems of life alone. For-
tunately, she has never cared much for diverting
social activities, but has thrown her energy into her
home and ranch duties, and thus developed a splen-
did, dependable character. Fortunately, also, she
inherited much of inestimable value from her father,
who for a while was one of the superintendents of
Mrs. Phoebe Hearst's estate, and for years had a
force of about fifty men working under him. She
owned a ranch in Merced County, but she farmed it,
to grain, for only one season. In 1916 she purchased
a ranch of thirty-one acres known as a part of the
Younger Tract, which was devoted to dairying and
the raising of alfalfa. To this has been added six-
teen acres adjoining, known as the C. C. Churchill
Farm, and the whole is being developed into a fine
berry farm. Then she owns a ranch of 275 acres on
the Felter Road, southeast of Milpitas, where eighteen
acres are devoted to prunes and the rest to general
farming. This ranch is known as the Cullins Ranch,
and under Mrs. Ingleson's skillful management, it
has been brought to a high state of cultivation. Two
children were born to the marriage of Mr. and
Mrs. Ingleson, and they bear the names of Hazel
and Dorothy; both are home, the joy and pride of
their devoted mother.

WILLIAM ALLEN JOHNSTON.— A deservedly
eminent representative of the California Bar is Wil-
liam Allen Johnston, who was born at San Jose on
September 29, 1856, the son of Silas NewtCTl and
Virginia L. (Faber) Johnston, natives of Kentucky
and Iowa, respectively. The Johnstons are an old

Kentucky family of Scotch-Irish descent, while
Grandfather John S. Faber was born in Virginia in
1810 and became a pioneer of the Mississippi Valley,
t-iking part in the Mexican War. After the death
of his wife he Ijrought his daughter, Virginia L.,
across the plains to California in 1852, spending his
remaining days in Santa Clara County, where he
passed away on August 9, 1900, at the age of ninety
years. Silas Newton Johnston also came to Cali-
fornia across the plains, arriving here in 185,3. and
for years was a carpenter and then established him-
self in the lumber business on the present site of
the (ilenwood Lumber Company on Third Street.
Later he became vice-president of the old Union
Savings Bank and «'as also a member of the city
council. He died on October 2, 19(17. and Mrs.
Johnston passed away on January 3, 1909. They
were the parents of six children: William Allen of
this sketch; J. H. Johnston, M. D., who died in
1904; W'alter S., a druggist of San Jose; Frank F.,
of Hubbard & Carmichacl Bros.; a daughter died in
childhood, and L. May is the wife of R. B. Hale, of
Flale Bros., Inc., San Francisco.

The eldest of the family, William Allen Johnston,
attended the public schools until 1871, and then
matriculated at the University of the Pacific, from
v.-hich he was graduated with the A. B. degree in
1876, three years later the university conferring upon
him the Master of Arts degree. In the fall of 1876
he entered the law school of the University of
Michigan and on March 28, 1878, he was graduated
with the LL.B. degree. Returning to California,
Mr. Johnston was admitted to the bar of this state
on April 30, 1878, and he soon thereafter formed a
partnership with Thomas H. Laine, who was state
senator and then a member of the State Constitu-
tional Convention in 1879. From December, 1884, to
1890, Mr. Johnson discontinued practice on account
of the condition of his eyes, but he has again become
a familiar figure in the courts of law, having resumed
practice and taken in with him his son, Faber L.
Johnston. Mr. Johnston is a stockholder in the
Security State Bank and the Security Savings Bank
of San Jose, being attorney for both banks, and as
vice-president of the latter he safeguards important
financial affairs in which thousands are interested.
With his son he is attorney for the San Jose Build-
ing & Loan Association.

At San Jose on January 24, 1884, Mr. Johnston
^'as married to Miss Cora L. Laine, a native of
Santa Clara County and the daughter of Senator
Thomas H. and Lucy (Chapman) Laine, pioneers of
'49. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. John-
ston and in late years their family circle has been
made happier by the birth of four gandchildren.
Ila Lee is the widow of Capt. A. E. Preston, who
died of influenza while serving in the Engineering
Corps in France, during the World War; Hazel M.
is Mrs. H. D. Ains worth; Faber L., a graduate of
Stanford LIniversity, is in partnership with his father;
William N. is an automobile machinist; Dorothy is
a graduate of Stanford Unversity. Mr. Johnston is
an honored member of the California Bar Associa-
tion, and in the councils of the Republican party he
is a valued leader.

710

HISTORY OF SANTA CI^ARA COUNTY

THOMAS O'CONNELL— The life of Thomas
O'Connell, who passed away on March 18, 1921,
affords a striking illustration of the value of indus-
try and determination. A native of Ireland, he was
born November 4, 1846, the son of James and Joannah
(Maroney) O'Connell, both natives of Ireland. The
father died before the family left their native land,
but the mother lived to reach the United States,
passing away at New Haven, Conn. They were the
parents of eleven children.

Thomas O'Connell was educated in the common
schools of Ireland, and left home at the age of
seventeen, coming to the United States, and settled
at New Haven, Conn. He remained there for a
year and a half, working at odd jobs, then came
to California in the year of 1868. He worked in
a brickj'ard in San Francisco for one and a half
5'ears, then moved to San Benito County and engaged
in farming for twenty-six years. Here he acquired
considerable propert5^ In 1895 he moved to San
Jose and established his wood and coal business,
which has proved a profitable undertaking. In the
year 1901 he retired from active business life and
his five sons have since been successfully conduct-
ing the business, which has prospered under their
management. July 9, 1906, the business was in-
corporated under the name of O'Connell Bros., Inc.
The growing business is located at Sixth and St.
James streets, and their large real estate holdings
comprise 15,000 acres of land.

The marriage of Mr. O'Connell in May, 1872,
united him with Miss Julia Elizabeth O'Brien, born in
Boston, Mass., and who survives him. Mr. and Mrs.
O'Connell are the parents of seven children: James
William, died in early manhood at the age of twenty-
three; Charles Thomas married Elizabeth Cunan and
has three children, Maurice Robert, Adrian Earl, and
Clarisse Evlyn, and is manager of O'Connell Bros.,
Inc.; Franklin J. married Rhea Fenton and has three
children, Fenton, James and Ruth, and is manager
of O'Connell Bros, ranch; George Daniel is mar-
ried to Maime McMurray and has two children,
Irwin and Kenneth, and has charge of the meat and
grocerj' department for O'Connell Bros.; Albert F.
and Lillian are twins, the former married Grace Clark
and he assists in the management of their ranch,
while Lillian married Eugene I. Cunan of San Jose,
who passed away August 9, 1917, leaving his widow
and little daughter, Eugenia; Elmer Stephen has
charge of the fuel department for O'Connell Bros.

Politicall)" Mr. O'Connell was always a stanch
Democrat, and with his familj' belonged to the Cath-
olic Church. While winning his way to a front
rank in business, at the same time he gained the
confidence of associates and acquaintances, and was
esteemed for his high principles of honor and in-
tegrity in business transactions and was mourned
by a large circle of friends. He always labored ef-
fectively and earnestly to uphold the interests which
made for public progress and improvement.

SALMA DARLING.— A successful orchardist
who has resided in Santa Clara County for more
than a quarter of a century, Salma Darling, is now
living retired from active cares at 122 Nortli Thir-
teenth Street, in the enjoyment of a competence
gained through many \\ell-spent years. He was
l)orn in Whcelock, Caledonia County, Vt., on June
5, 1847, the son of Ezra French Darling, wliosc
parents were David and Mary (Bickford) Darling;
grandparents, Moses and Judith (French) Darling;

and great-grandparents, John and Hannah (Morse)
Darling. John Darling served with the New Eng-
land militia at the capture of Louisburg, on Cape
Breton Island, on June 17, 1745, and Moses Darling
was a pensioned veteran of the Revolutionary War,
who had the great honor of being at the Battle of
Bunker Hill. He was at first a private soldier in
Captain Isaac Baldwin's Company and later he was
promoted to be sergeant-major. Mary Bickford was
the daughter of Eli Bickford, also a veteran of the
Revolutionary War who served in the navy. He was
taken prisoner, sent to England, and there confined.
After a while he attempted to escape, by swimming
to a foreign ship anchored two miles off shore;
but he was overtaken by his pursuers and recaptured.
He died at Danville, Vt., in 1854, at the age of 101.

Ezra F. Darling, the father of our subject, mar-
ried Miss Lorinda S. Hill, the daughter of Eben and
Nancy (Pillsbury) Hill, and the granddaughter of
(^apt. Caleb Pillsburjr. The latter had been commis-
sioned by King George, but at the outbreak of the
Revolution, he and his entire company of 100 men
left the king's service without ceremony, and swore
to stand by the Continental Congress. Mr. and Mrs.
Darling, in 1854, moved with their family to Derby,
Orleans County, Vt., and there Mr. Darling became
so actively interested in local political affairs that
be was elected to the State Legislature. He died at
Derby in 1898, at the age of seventy-six.

Salma Darling grew up on his father's farm and
attended both the common public schools and the
academy. When about twenty-one, he left home,
removed to Illinois, and at Rock Island entered the
office of a civil engineer. In 1870 he was engaged
by the Rockford, Rock Island and St. Louis Rail-
way, as instrument man for the Beardstown Divi-
sion, and when that work had been completed, he
was employed to make railway surveys in Vermont
and Illinois. In 1876 he removed to Texas, and
entered the engineering department of the Galveston,
Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway, under Maj.
James Converse, the chief engineer, and he gave
the company and that gifted man such satisfaction
that he remained with him for seven years as assist-
ant and resident engineer on lines and construction
from Lafayette, La., to Devil's River, Texas.

On September 18, 1882, Mr. Darling was married
at St. Paul, Minn., to Miss Clara E. Chamberlin,
the ceremony taking place at the residence of her
brother. In October the youn,g people went to Eagle
Pass, Texas, where Mr. Darling was engaged as
resident engineer on the Mexican International Rail-
way, south to Leona, Mexico, and including the low-
water bridge and the masonry for the permanent
bridge over the Rio Grande at Eagle Pass.

In 1883 Mr. Darling was transferred to mainten-
ance of way on the main line east of San Antonio,
with headquarters at Houston, Texas. In 1885 Mr.
and Mrs. Darling Ijecame convinced that a cooler
climate was advisable, and while urged to take a
leave of absence only, they decided to make the
rhange permanent. The next year, therefore, they
came out to San Jose, Cal., and on Plummer Avenue
they erected an orchard home. In 1914 they removed
to their present attractive residence, at 122 North
Thirteenth Street in San Jose. Mrs. Darling's
mother, Eliza J. (Cropper) Chamberlin, was born
in Maryland; her father, Jeremiah Chamberlin, was
.-I native of Vermont. Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlin

HISTORY OF SANTA CLAKA COUNTY

713

were among the old pioneers of Rock Island, 111.,
where Mr. Chamberhn was engaged in farming, the
lumber business, and other enterprises, and where
he held many positions of public trust in county af-
fairs. They came to San Jose in 1888, and lived here
the greater part of the intervening time, alternately
residing at Carmel. Mr. Chamberlin died in 1892,
at the age of seventy-four years and eleven months,
while Mrs. Chamberlin passed away m 1909, at the
age of eighty-four.

\\Ir. and Mrs. Darling's son, Harry C. Darling,
was born at Moline, in Rock Island Connt>, 111., on
November 25, 1885, and was taken by his parents to
California when he was a year old. He attended the
Willow Glen Grammar School and the University
of the Pacific Academy, where he followed a year's
course in civil engmeering, continuing m the same
subject for three years at the State Ciniversity. In
1911 he was assistant engineer for a power company
In the Sierras, and the next year he entered the
service of thi=' Engineer Department of Lhe California
State Highway. In 1917, when the World War
was in full swing, he left his work as resident
engineer and enlisted m the Engineering Corps of
the U. S. Army. In September he was sent to t!ic
Engineer Olhcers' Training Camp at Vancouver,
Wash., and after graduation, in November, he was
temporarily with the One Hundred Ninth Engineers
at Deming, N. M. In December, 1917, he was or-
.lered to France as first lieutenant of the engineers,
unassigned. He reached France early in January,
where he expected to be sent to the front; but instead
he was assigned to the Gas Service, later the Chemi-
cal Warfare Service. After a short training at inter-
mediate and advanced stations, he was ordered to
St. Nazaire, Base Section No. 1, as port officer for
the C. W. S.. at the ports of St. Nazaire and Nantes.
He was given a second lieutenant, sergeant and a
detachment, and he was responsible for the safe
liandling, storing and forwarding of all C. W. S.
material, including all high explosives received at
these ports. Late in December, 1918, he embarked
at Bordeaux for the United States; and on January
11, 1919, he was discharged at the C. \V. S. head-
quarters, Lakehurst, N. J., and reaching home, soon
resumed his work on the State Highway.

In August, 1919, Harry Darling was married to
Miss Edna Mary Rogers, the daughter of Mr. and
Mrs. Henry K. Rogers, old residents of San Jose;
and on December 9, 1920, their daughter, Barbara
Janice, was born. Salma Darling is an honored
member of the Sons of the American Revolution;
and Harry also belongs to the California and the
National sections of that some order, and to the
American Legion and the American Association of
Engineers. Thus the Darling family have well es-
tablished themselves in Santa Clara County.

HUGH A. DE LACY.— A thoroughly efficient and
popular public official is Hugh A. De Lacy, the
undersheriiT of Santa Clara County, a familiar and
welcome figure around the historic Court House, a
splendid example of fidelity, manning his post every
day, although seventy-five years old. As the founder
of the "Evening News," and therefore a veteran
newspaper man, Mr. De Lacy has himself been a
part of the interesting past of Santa Clara County;
so that, blessed with a wonderful memory, he is fre-
quently a valuable source of information to lawyers
and judges alike. He arrived in California in No-

vember, 1802, when he was seventeen years old, hav-
ing come from New Orleans, where he was born on
September 23, 1845, the son of Stephen De Lacy,
who settled at New Almaden in 1860, and he con-
tinued a resident of Santa Clara County until he
died. He liad married Miss Ann Cribben; and as
llie mother of our subject she accompanied the latter
on his trip from New Orleans to California in 1862.
Mr. De Lacy was employed by the New Almaden
Quicksilver Mining Company, and so it came about
that Hugh De Lacy was engaged to run a stationary
engine there. He had profited by the excellent
courses of instruction in the New Orleans public
schools, and he found it easy to make a success of
anything he attempted in his new field.

The history of the De Lacy family is full of in-
terest, and it is not surprising that father and son
have inherited such strong and helpful traits. Both
of our subject's parents were born in Ireland, for
during the reign of Henry 11 of England. Hugh De
Lacy, the Norman, went over to Ireland and took
possession of the country. Our Hugh De Lacy,
when hardly seventeen, became a Confederate sol-
dier, and in ilarch. 1862, he joined the Orleans
Guards Battalion, Company C, Third Louisiana
Brigade, and fought at Shiloh. one of the 350 strong,
of whom only seventy came out uninjured. It is
known in history as the Hornets' Nest, and it was
during the afternoon of Sunday, April 6, the first
day of the engagement, that General Albert Sidney
Johnston was killed. After a service of four months,
Mr. De Lacy was discharged under the "Conscrip-
tion Act," as he was then under eighteen.

As an engineer and a carpenter he helped to build
the first high school and the first Normal school
in San Jose. In 1870 he became a deputy sheriff
under Sheriff N. R. Harris; two years later he was
elected a constable, and served in that office for four
years; then he was on the police force for seven
}-ears, and became a police detective. He had a
strong leaning toward newspaper work, however,
and so in 1883 established the "Evening News" of
San Jose. This he conducted until 1890, when he
disposed of his interest to Charles W^ Williams.
In 1892 he was elected chief of police and introduced
the patrol system. In 1895 he went on the "Mercury"
as advertising solicitor and collector, and in 1899
he became its business manager, continuing until
1901, when he resigned and went into the country;
and at Coyote, Santa Clara County, he devoted him-
self to cultivating prunes in the Owen orchard.

In 1909 Mr. De Lacy moved back into San Jose;
end after resting some months, in 1910 he became
undersheriff under A. B. Langford, but in January,
1914, he withdrew from that charge, and for the next
five years busied himself as an agent for insurance
and real estate. In 1919 he became the assistant of
Sheriff George W. Lyle, and this responsibility he
is still discharging, to the satisfaction of everyone.

In 1871 Mr. De Lacy was married to !Miss Rebecca
Clift, who came here from Cincinnati as a child, and
grew up in Santa Clara County. Slic was a woman
of singular gifts and attraction; and after a com-
panionship of fifty years, passed to her eternal re-
ward on January 26, 1920. One child had blessed
the union, a son named Walter Bruce; but the
promising lad did when nine years and eight months
old. Mr. De Lacy, whose genial temperament has
made him companionable and approachable to many.

714

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

and whose ability as a public speaker is well known,
has endeavored these many years to live up to the
Golden Rule; with the result that few men have
enjoyed a wider circle of friends. He owns a home
place of an acre and a half on the Monterey Road,
where in 1909 he built a handsome seven-room
bungalow, in which he resides with enviable comfort.
JEREMIAH LEITER— A man of unusual intel-
lectual ability, and high Christian character, Jeremiah
Leiter, at the age of eighty-three, looks backward
over the years with a satisfaction born of right liv-
ing. While still a young man, he was threatened
with pulmonary troubles, and was. on this account,
debarred from entering the Civil War. Although re-
tired from business cares, he gives much time to
religious and educational lines, and takes an active
interest in the affairs of the College of the Pacific.

Mr. Leiter comes from Holland ancestry, his fore-
bears being two brothers who came to America in
pre-Revolutionary days, one settling in Maryland
and the other in Pennsylvania. He was born in Sen-
eca County, Ohio, December IS, 1838, in the vicinity
of Bellevue, a son of John Leiter, who was engaged
m farming pursuits in Ohio. The mother, who l^e-
fore her marriage was Miss Sarah Barger, was born
in Pennsylvania, and came to Ohio in an early day.
They were the parents of nine children, four boys
and five girls, of whom Jeremiah Leiter is the second
son. During the year of 1845, the fainily removed
to Fulton County, Indiana, and purchased a farm.
The Indians were just leaving this part of the county,
the farm was covered with a thick growth of trees
and here on the farm Jeremiah was reared and
learned to grub, clear, cut brush, plow and do every
other kind of farm work, thus having a general pio-
neer experience in the Hoosicr State. When the
family settled on this piece of land, not a house was
in sight. A shanty was Ijuilt and the family inoved
in, and the following summer the first log house in
that locality was erected out of tamarack logs, cut
and prepared from logs obtained from a nearby
tamarack swamp. His summers were spent work-
ing on the farm, going to school during the winter
months. He afterwards followed the profession of
teaching for five winters.

Mr. Leiter was married in 1862 to Mrs. Jane
(Phillips) Schaft'er, who was born in Virginia. For
a number of years Air. Leiter was engaged in the
mercantile business with his brother-in-law, Hick-
man Phillips, at Kewanna, Ind., and was thus
engaged until 1875, when he was obliged to retire
from the business on account of failing health. He
removed to California and spent one year here,
greatly benefited in health. Returning to Indiana,
he again entered the mercantile business, but at the
end of the year was again forced to take a vacation,
going to Florida for one year; later removing to
California, settling in Napa, where he remained for
a year, removing to San Jose in 1883, where he has
continuously resided. For a number of years he was
engaged in the real estate business, and, as in other
lines of work, he was successful.

For over sixty years Mr. Leiter has been a con-
sistent and active member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, and for twenty-nine years was the effi-
cient superintendent of the Sunday school of the
Methodist Church in Kewanna; for nineteen years
he was the teacher of the adult Bible class and has
served as a member of the official board for thirty-

seven years. Perhaps his most outstanding activity
was in connection with the College of the Pacific,
being elected treasurer of that institution twenty-five
years ago. Owing to his careful and conservative
handling of the funds of the college, a large debt
was cancelled, many buildings and general improve-
ments have been made, and the endowment increased
some $300,000. During 1920 five trustees were re-
elected who had served on the board twenty years
before, among them being Mr. Leiter. At one time,
he was voted a salary of $25 per month, but de-
clined it and never drew a single month's salary.

Mrs. Leiter was a charming woman of attractive
and pleasing personality and joined her husband in
his business, social and religious activities. She was
a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church from the time of their marriage until her
death. Unfortunately Mr. Leiter was bereaved of
his faithful wife and life companion, who passed away
in February, 1917, mourned by her many friends.

In his political affiliations Mr. Leiter is an inde-
pendent, always voting for the clean, temperance man.
He is an ardent admirer of the beauties and oppor-
tunities of Santa Clara County, and gives freely of
his time and means in the support of worthy measures
looking to the improvement and advancement of the
community, which has been his home for so many
years. He is a highly honored and respected citizen
and well deserves the esteem conferred upon him by
a large circle of admiring friends and acquaintances.
PACIFIC PRESS PUBLISHING ASSOCIA-
TION.—Forty-eight years ago the publishing work
of the Seventh-Day Adventists was started on the
Pacific Coast. It was then that their pioneer mis-
sionary paper was established — the "Signs of the
Times" — the first issue bearing date of June 4, 1874.
The type was set in rented rooms in a building at
the corner of Twelfth and Broadway, Oakland, Cal.
After the type was set and made up into pages, the
forms were sent to a near-by printing office, where
the presswork was done. The papers were then
brought back to the office, wdnere they were wrapped
and addressed, and then taken to the post office in
a wheelbarrow. FVom this small beginning the work
has continued to grow, until now it is one of the
most complete publishing houses west of Chicago,
using nearly fifty car loads of paper every year.

During the first twenty-five years of the work of
this company, a large amount of commercial prnit-
nig was done, in addition to the regular denomnia-
tional publications. As the years passed by it became
ver_\- evident that this commercial work was interfer-
ing to a great extent with the denominational busi-
ness. At the meeting of the stockholders held in
Oakland, April 28, 1902, this matter was carefully
considered and a resolution adopted instructing the
board of directors to curtail the commercial work, to
sell the real estate in Oakland, and to move the plant
to some rural place, away from the noise and confu-
sion of the city, and where the surroundings would
be iriore congenial to its employees.

In harmony with this resolution, and after thor-
ough investigation, it was decided to locate at Moun-
tain View, Cal. Five acres of land was donated by
the citizens, and a fine large brick factory erected,
about 175 feet square, and in the year 1904 the whole
plant was moved from Oakland to Mountain View.
It w-as a tremendous undertaking, and the move

c^ <)■ jHuji, I

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

717

was made at great expense. Just as tlic p'-mt at
Mountain N'icw was getting in good running order,
the great earthquake of April 18, 1906, came. Tlie
brick walls on two sides of the factory were thrown
down, but the roof was left intact and the machinery
unharmed. Temporary walls were erected, so that
within a few hours busuicss was lieing carried on
about the same as usual.

On July 20, 1906, the entire plant, including build-
ing, machinery, books, etc., was destroyed by fire,
entailing a loss of about ?200,000. On Scplendier
!0, 1906, a meeting of the stockholders was held, and
by an unanimous vote, it was decided to rebuild the
iactory on the old foundations, at once. At a meet-
ing of the board of directors held soon after the
lire, the foUowdng resolution was adopted:

"Whereas, Giving the last threefold message
to the world demands the best energies and the
undivided attention of God's people, more espe-
cially of those engaged in its organized work;
and

"Whereas. This office was established for the
purpose of giving this message to the world;
and

"\Vhereas, Whatever ma>' have been expedient
in the past, the time now demands that all the
facilities of the oflice, and the talents, energies,
and ability of its cinployees, be devoted solely
to the work for wdiich the institution was estab-
lished; therefore, be it

"Resolved, That henceforth commercial work
shall be eliminated from the oflice of the Pacific
Press, and that b\' commercial work shall be
understood all work outside the regular organ-
ized work of the message, and such Avork as shall
not be approved by the Publishing Committee of
the institution."

As the years have passed, this resolution has been
strictly adhered to. Not one job of commercial
printing has been taken into the oflice of the Pacific
Press since the fire, and the institution has had
greater prosperity than ever before in all its history.
The well-equipped factory embraces the followdng:
Three modern linotype machines, five cylinder
presses, three job presses, a complete electrotype
foundry, a splendidly equipped book bindery, with
three book sewing machines, three folding machines,
two embossing presses, a well-equipped photo-
engraving department. All machines are run by
electric motors. The field assigned to the Pacific
Press Publishing Association for the sale of sub-
scription books includes the territory west of the
-Vlississippi River, except the states of Oklahoma,
Arkansas, New Mexico and Texas. The total popu-
lation of the above-named territory is about
$20,000,000. The volume of business in 1920 amounted
to $1,500,000. The plant employs some 200 men
and women. The following periodicals are published:
the "Signs of the Times," a weekly paper with a
circulation of 50,000; the weekly children's paper
called "Our Little Friend," with a circulation of
30,000 copies; and the Sabliath School Lesson Quar-
terly, with a circulation of 100,000. Besides these
periodicals, thousands of books, tracts and
pamphlets are published every year.

In addition to the main plant at Mountain View,
the Pacific Press Publishing Association operates six

branch oi'lices and depositories, as follows: North-
\veslern branch at Portland, Ore.; Northern lirancli
:it St. Paul, Minn.; International branch at Brouk-
beld. 111., twelve miles from Chicago (this branch
has a well-e(iuipi)ed factory, printing books and
periodicals in twenty-seven different languages, which
:ire sold and distributed in the Orient, Central and
South America, Siberia, Russia and many other
countries); Central branch at Ixansas City, Mo.;
Central-American br.-inch at Cristobal, Canal Zone
',tbis branch alst) has a well-e(juipi)ed factory, print-
ing in Spanish language); Pacific branch at Moun-
lam \'iew, Cal., independent from the main plant.

The total investment of the main office and the six
branches is nearly $L000,00O.O0, and about 200 per-
sons are employed, most of whom own homes in the
vicinity of the factory. Mr. C. H. Jones is the gen-
eral manager of this extensive plant wdiich is the
principal industrial factor at Mountain View. When
running full capacity, one car load of printing paper
is used weekly. The best of up-to-date systems and
methods in book production are emploA'ed. They
turnish first aid for employees, a swimming pool,
recreation and tennis grounds, an excellent cafeteria
(vegetarian) where the best of well-cooked food is
.■er\'ed at reasonable prices. Electric power is used
mainly, but a Corliss steam engine is kept in re-
serve for emergencies. There is an able corps of
writers, editors and business auditors. They have
excellent artists and are prepared for printing color
work and artistic cover designs. After all is said
the material part of this great publishing house is
the least, and the moral and religious influence in
the community cannot be estimated. The Seventh-
Day Adventists arc great students of the Bible and
adhere in keeping the original Sabbath.

C. H. JONES. — The general manager of the
Pacific Press Publishing Association, Mountain View-
C. H. Jones was born at Warner, N. H., December
12, 1850, the son of Enos and Rozora (Harriman)
Jones. The mother was related to the war gov-
ernor of New Hampshire, Col. Walter Harriman.
Both parents were natives of that state, and eight
children were born to them, the subject of this
sketch being the fourth child. C. H. Jones obtained
his education in the public schools of New Hamp-
shire and then learned the printer's trade at the
state printing office at Manchester, N. H. During
the year of 1867 he removed to Michigan and for
eight years worked for the Review and Herald Pub-
lishing Association at Battle Creek, which was later
removed to Takoma Park, Washington, D. C. By
efticient and conscientious effort he was advanced
to the position of foreman of the composing room.
In 1879 he removed to Oakland, Cal., and for three
} cars served as superintendent of the plant of the
I'acific Press Publishing Association, and was tlien
elected manager. The business grew to such pro-
portions that it was found necessary to remove to
a rural district in order to have room for the con-
templated enlarged facilities for taking care of the
immense business of the concern and Mountain View-
was selected for the establishment of the plant.

Mr. Jones' marriage occurred in Battle Creek,
Mich., and united him with Miss Josephine Emerson
Lunt, a relative of the noted author, Ralph Waldo
Emerson. They are the parents of three children.

718

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

two of whom are living. Dr. William Harriman

Joiits, a resident of Long Beach, Cal.; Charles h'loyd
Jones, assistant manager of the book department of
tlic Pacific Press Publishing Association; Evelena
;)assed away in Oakland at the age of thirteen j'ears.
Mr. Jones enjoys that distinction which arises from
great goodness of heart exercised along helpful and
constructive lines, and from that breadth of mind
which retains belief in the grace of human nature.

GEORGE J. HAUN. — Among the interestmg and
liighly-esteemed pioneers of Saratoga must be num-
bered George J. Haun, a native of this place, then
named Toll Gate, where he «as bora M.ay ,S, 1855,
a son of William and Levina (Whisman) Haun.
William Haun settled in Santa Clara County as early
as 1846 and was engaged in farming before settling
at Toll Gate in 1853. Mr. Haun built the first and
only flour mill in Saratoga, afterwards the name was
changed to McCartysville and still later to Saratoga,
which he later disposed of to Senator McClay, and
later engaged in the general grocery business. In
the very earljr pioneer days he served as deputy
sherirt of Santa Clara County. Both parents have
passed a\vay.

George J. Haun received the best of educational
instruction in the local schools and later at Wash-
ington College in Alameda County. After complet-
ing his schooling he engaged in teaming and was
rural luail carrier for a number of years. He is now
serving his second term as justice of the peace of
.^araloga and for the past five years has been en-
gaged in the real estate and insurance business. He
i'.as also been posttuaster of Saratoga for live >ears
and carried over during the Wilson administration.
As a Republican he has sought to elevate civic life
stanrlards; he is particularly interested in the gro'.vtb
and prosperity of his local community and spares
neitlier time nor means to aid its progress.

JOSEPH M. BELLEW.— A rancher whose
varied and valuable experience, and whose pro-
nounced success have enabled him, so much the
b'etter, to serve his fellow-citizens in an important
public trust, is Joseph M. Bellew, the efficient, just
and popular justice of the peace at Milpitas and
owner of some 200 acres as fine as can be found
anywhere in Santa Clara County. He is particu-
larly fitted for the discharge of the responsi1)i1it_\'
just referred to, for he is not only a native son, but
n native of Milpitas, and so from birth has been
identified with the community in which he lives and
presides. He was born into the family of Michael
and Elizabeth E. (Kinney) Bellew on March 1,
1872, the son of a native of Ireland who came to
California in far-away 1872, making his way west-
ward via the Panama route. He was not lon,g in
choosing Miljiitas as the most promisin,g spot in the
Santa Clara Valley, and as a practical, progressive
farmer he acquired about 800 acres of land, which
he devoted to the raising of grain, the cultivation of
fruit, and the management of a tirst-class, sanitary
dairy. The worthy couple had five children: Wil-
liam Milpitas; John H., now deceased; Mary E.,
wdiose has become Mrs. Richard McCarthy of
Waj'ne Station; Kate, now Mrs. L. E. Barber; and
the subject of our review.

Joseph M. Bellew was sent to the district school
at Milpitas, and growing up, remained with his

father on the home ranch, where he continued after
the latter's death, in 1911, so that he was in charge
of the farm when his mother breathed her last, in
1913. Now he has about 200 acres of the old Bellew
ranch — 150 acres of wdiich are devoted to the grow-
ing of beets, and 50 acres to pears and other fruit.
The soil is well irrigated, and under the skillful work-
ing of Mr. Bellew, yields generously.

Unlike his father, who was a stanch Democrat
and a much-sought leader m the councils of that
party. Judge Bellew is a Republican, and he has been
the judge of the Justice Court of Milpitas Precinct
since 1913, performing his duties with rare level-
.'leadedness and a desire to mete out a square deal
to everybody. One result is, besides that of giving
general satisfaction, that law and order have been
preserved, and Milpitas kept a decent community in
which to live. The judge is equally popular as an
l!lk, and belongs to Lodge No. 522,

EDMUND E. FARNEY.— An interesting repre-
sentative of a fine old pioneer family is Edmund E.
barney, the peer rancher living on the Alviso-Milpitas
Road, who was born on the old Farney Ranch, at
Coyote, in Santa Clara County, on February 14, 1862.
His father was James barne}-, and he did so much to
open the road to ci\'ilization and to lay the founda-
tions in Santa Clara County of many of the good
things inherited and enjoyed by the present genera-
tion. In this path-breaking, home-building work, he
vas ably assisted by his accomplished and devoted
\vife, who was Miss Mary Burke before her mar-
riage. They Were both natives of Ireland, w'ho came
to California in the early '50s, and settled in Santa
Clara County about 1859. James Farney formed a
i:artnership with a Mr. Fox, and at a point about
three luiles north of San Jose, they established one
of the first nurseries in the county. Mr. Farney died
in 1895, and his faithful \vife breathed her last about
19')1. They had ten children, and five of them are
still living, all residents of Santa Clara County.

lulmund attended the Alviso school, and later pur-
sued courses at the Garden City Business College,
located where the Farmers Union Building now
stands. Still later, be attended the Napa College, at
Napa. Tlien, having successfully finished his studies,
he returned to the farm, where he worked until he
was twenty-one years of a,gc. He next took up up-
holstering, and for a siiort time worked at the furni-
ture-making trade at Merced and San Francisco.

In 1895 the father deeded the home ranch of 96
acres jointly to Edmund B. Farney and two of his
s'-sters, one of whom died in 1921. This ranch is de-
voted to the raising of pears, and such is the quahty
of the fruit produced there that both ranch and
ranch owner are entitled to the highest credit in local
agricultural accomplishment. At present, Mr. Far-
ney is leasing out his famous ranch to others, who
are fortunate in working one of the trimmest farms
hereabouts. Mr. b'arney is a stanch supporter of the
Democratic party, devotes himself from tiiue to time
to the great work of elevating the standard of Amer-
ican citizenship — wdiich standard, by-thc-way, and
doubtless because of the character of such residents
as our sturdy subject, seems higher in Santa Clara
County than the average, if it be safe to make any
such comparison affecting the patriotic electors of
the Golden State.

CC ^ jc., c^/^^^c^^.^'^^'T^ /

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

719

ANDREW L. ERICKSON.— A first-class nio-
chanic wlio has doiu' nuicli to luini; the aiitonio-
l)ile industry in Santa Clara County to the lore, is
Andrew L. h'.riekson, the proprietor of the well-
ciiuipped and well-managed J\riekson C.arage at Los
Gates, and the worthy representative of one of the
oldest families in this section. A native son tnlly in
accord with the spirit of progress of the (lolden
State, he was horn at Santa Clara on March 2,i, 1!S78,
the son of John Krickson. who came to vSanta Clara
County in 1875, soon established himself as the most
expert wheelwri.ijhl in Santa Clara County, and has
been here ever since. He married Miss Wendla
Nordstrom, a talented lady, who has proven the most
devoted of wives and mothers. John Erickson as a
hoy rode on the Monitor on its trial trip in Sweden
and knew John ICrickson, the designer and builder.
Mr. l^rickson passed away December 1, 1021. seventy-
seven vears old, survived b\' bis widow. This worthy
pioneer couple had six children all living and a credit
to the various communities where they reside.
Charles J. of San Francisco; K. H. resides in Oak-
land; Andrew L. our subject; Josephine, wife of
Carl Fogerlund of Los Gatos; Hilma of San Fran-
cisco; and Hulda makes her home with her uiother.

Andrew- went to the public schools of Los Gatos,
to which town the family removed wdien he was
one year old, and later pursued a business college
course, graduating from ■ the Garden Cit\' Business
College in 1898. Then he learned his father's trade,
and he also took a course to prepare himself for
autoinobile repairing and construction. Inheriting
from his father both original genius, the capacity for
hard work and plenty of it, and the habit of never
doing anything by halves, but to always deliver first-
class work thoroughly done. Mr. Erickson has come
to be known as an expert who may be depended
upon for workmanship such as many people knew in
the good old days, and customers come to him
from both near and afar, filling full his interesting
shop, where he established the business for himself
in 1906, He has been more than successful in keep-
ing pace with the marvelous development of the au-
tomobile industry in general, and has come to en-
joy an entirely satisfactory patronage.

In San Jose, in 1906 Mr. Erickson Avas married
to Miss Bessie L. Gratz, of San Jose, a gifted lady,
who is of much value to him in his ambitious plans.
Mrs. Erickson was a graduate of the Modesto high
school and of San Jose State Normal and was en-
gaged in teaching until her marriage, which has been
blessed with four children. Elizabeth is in the high
school; A. L. Erickson, Jr., and Luella are in the
grammar school; and the youngest is Joseph Ewart
Erickson. The family are members of the Methodist
Church. Mr. Erickson is a Republican, and is now
serving a four-year term as city trustee of Los Gatos.
He has been a member of the Volunteer Fire Com-
pany in Los Gatos for twenty-five years and was
assistant chief of the department for ten years, so
it is but natural he should be selected chairman of
the fire and water committee. Mr. Erickson was
made a Mason in Los Gatos Lodge No. 292, F. &
A. M. and with his wife is a member of the Eastern
Star. He is a member of Ridgely Lodge No. 294
L O. O. F., in which he is past grand, and he and
Mrs. Erickson are members of the Rebekahs. He
also belongs to the Modern Woodmen, the Royal

Neighbors and that enterprising org;inizati(in, the Los
Gatos Ch;mdier of Conuuerce.

JOHN C. SILLIMAN, M, D.— The theory that
feu, if an\-, men or women of marked attainment
!u,i\- hope to rise high or accomplish great things
unless they ha\'e had, at one stage or another in the
de\-elopment of iheir ancestors, such forebears as
could be(|ueath lo them exceptional talent or strength,
woulil seem lo he substantiated in the case of JJr.
John C. Silliman, the \'ery successful and well-
known physician and surgeon, who maintains a suite
of offices at 201 I'niNersity Realty Building, and is
pleasantly domiciled at the corner of Bryant and
Kingsley streets, in Palo Alto. He comes from
sturdy ancestors of Scotch-Irish and north of Ire-
land blood, firml\- .grounded in the Protestant faith,
and for generations hi»; progenitors h.ave been cul-
tured, often college-bred folks. This liranch of the
Silliman family crossed the sea and then going down
to Souih Carolina, they distinguished themselves
both as planters and professional men.

The father of our subject. Dr. J. M. Silliman, was
graduated from the Tnlane I'niversity at New,' Or-
leans, and in South Carolina was married to Miss
Julia Chappel Coit, now deceased, an alumnus of
Harmony College in South Carolina. She was a daugh-
ter of the distinguished banker, John C. Coit, who
won the enviable distinction of bein.g the only banker,
sa\"e one, namely, the State Bank of South Carolina,
whose bank in that state remained solvent during
the ^Va^ of the Rebellior.. He was a native of
Massachusetts, and graduated at ^'ale, after which
he went down t j South Carolina, engaged in bank-
ing, and became widely and favorably known as a
financier. Doctor and Mrs. Silliman. Sr.. moved
West to Alississipju and settled in a new and un-
developed portion of that state, and when the war
broke out, he \\as |)racticing in Mississippi. Enlist-
ing in a Mississippi regiment, as regimental surgeon,
he received the rank of captain and served as a Con-
federate Army surgeon for four years in \'an Dorn's
division. yVfter the war was over, he went \"eest to
Palestine, Texas, and there John C. Silliman was
born on February 8, 1878.

After her husband's death, Mrs. Silliman cook her
family to Charlottesville. \"a., and there John grew
up and attended Pantop's Academy, preparatory to
enterin.g the i'niversity of Virginia, from which he
was graduated in 1900 with the A. B. degree. He
then matriculated at Columbia Medical College, and
in 1904 he graduated with the coveted M. D. deg-ree.
He then entered the employ of the Lackawanna Rail-
way and the Lackawanna Coal Mining Company as
the company's physician and surgeon, and was sta-
tioned at Scranton, Pa., at which place he liecame
house surgeon of the Moses Taylor Hospital. In
1906 Doctor Silliman removed back to his birth-
place, Palestine, Texas, and there, for the next eight
years, he was en.gaged in successful practice.

Like the rest of his near-of-kin. Doctor Silliman
look a live interest in the activities of the Southern
Presbyterian Church, especially- in its missions and
mission hospitals, and he was assigned to the duty
of visiting, inspecting, and reporting on the condition
of the missions and hospitals of that comnnmion in
foreign lands. He sailed from \'ancouver, B. C, on
a proposed tour of the world, took the northern

720

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COCXTY

route along the Alaskan Coast, and visited various
missions in Japan, Korea and China. It happened
that he was at St. Petersburg on this mission when
the World War broke out, and it was with great
difficulty that he oljtained a passport, to travel by
way of Sweden and Xorwa)-, and finally reached
home in safety. His report was duly published by
the Southern Presliyterian Church and has proven
instrumental in bringing about reforms in the mission
and hospital service.

While at Seranton, Doctor Silliman was married
to Miss Bertha Olmstead, of Bloonisburg, Pa., and
ill 1914 he came with his family to Palo Alto, and
he has since devoted his entire time to his profes-
sion in such a manner that his painstaking, able and
successful work has placed him in the front rank
in the medical profession. During the late war he
proffered his professional services and was assigned
to the Twenty-first Infantry Camp at Camp Kearu}-.
with the rank of captain. Doctor Silliman is a mem-
ber of the American ^Medical Association, and the
State and County Medical Societies, he is a Mason
and a member of the American Legion, and he ren-
ders valuable service in the First Presbyterian
Church of Palo Alto.

CHARLES C. NAVLET.— The unbounded faith,
industry, and good management of Charles C. Nav-
let, carried from a small beginning to large propor-
tions the floral industry, which has since made his
name famous, and which has sent his products into
every part of the United States and foreign countries
where excellence of quality are sought and appreci-
ated. Probably his early dreams of success in this
line would have been regarded as exaggerated, the
prospect of the establishment of stores in various
cities of California, yet such is the case today, and
the name of Charles C. Navlet is a guaranty of first
class products.

The youth of Mr. Navlet was not singled out for
special favors on the part of good fortune, and he is
essentially a self-made man, depending always upon
the natural and acquired gifts which have aided his
ambition. A native son of San Francisco, he was
born in the year 1867, a son of Victor Navlet, a native
of France. When but a small boy, Victor Navlet
had heard of the wonderful country across the waters,
and when j'oung manhood was reached he determined
to seek his fortune in America and California, and
embarked for the long and perilous journey around
the Horn to San Francisco. This voyage always
stood out with strange vividness in his memory, for
it was attended with many dangers, owing to terrific
storms which they encountered, but they finally
turned toward the promised land, and arrived in San
Francisco in the early part of 1848. Mr. Navlet's
mother was Miss Eu Frazee, a native of Paris,
France, who came to America as early as 1850. The
senior Navlet was a man of great resourcefulness,
and he very soon established his own business iu
San Francisco, that of manufacturing reed baskets,
the first factory of this kind in the West. His busi-
ness prospered and when he passed away in 1883
he had become a prominent figure in the commercial
circles of the Bay City. He was survived by four
sons, two of whom died in early manhood. Mrs.
Navlet passed away in 1910. The subject of this
historical review is the older of the two surviving
sons, the other son residing in Oakland, Cal.

Charles C. Navlet's schooling was obtained in San
Francisco, but the lessons of practical experience
proved invaluable to him. At the age of eleven he
began working in floral shops in San Francisco,
among others he secured employment with H. Pottet,
who was one of the first florists in San Francisco,
and worked for him three years, and when he was
sixteen he was in business for himself at Stockton
and O'Farrell streets. Later he decided to learn
the harness maker's trade, and worked at it for one
year. However, he was not satisfied with this trade,
and his thought turned again to the floral business.

In 1885 he removed to San Jose and rented a
space eight by fifteen feet, a fine location for his
business. One year later, at the age of nineteen, he
opened the first real florist shop in San Jose. His
equipment was limited and at the close of the first
year, he found himself several hundred dollars in
debt. It was about this time that the Pampas grass
plumes were very much in favor and the large,
feathery plumes found ready sale in the East, and by
supplying the Eastern nurseries with the coveted
plumes, he got a substantial foothold and success
crowned his efforts from that time forward. During
the years of 1889 and 1890 he acquired the appela-
tion of the "Lilac King," because he had established
a market for these fragrant blossoms in San Fran-
cisco and was enabled to supply the great demand
for them. His business grew steadily and he
branched out as a nurseryman and a bulb importer.
Outgrowing the quarters where his first store was
established, in 1903 he erected a two-story building
of his own, operating a three-fold business, a floral
art display, retail seed and plant department and the
mail order department. His success made it possible
to open branch stores in Oakland and San Francisco.
He leases a 20-acre tract on the Story road, where
he has his nursery; he also has two and one-half
acres in San Jose on Prevost Street which he uses
for a sales yard, and he owns an orchard of twelve
acres at Mt. Pleasant. He has invested his surplus
capital in a number of residence properties in San
Jose, among them being the fine home of one and a
half acres in The Willows.

His mail order business has assumed large propor-
tions. His first catalogue was issued in 1903, and now
thousands of people all over the country await the
announcement that the catalogue is ready for distri-
bution. Mr. Navlet sustained a severe loss on account
of the earthquake of 1906, but while feeling the loss
keenly, it was an incentive to a greater store and a
more extensive patronage.

The marriage of Charles C. Navlet united him
with Miss Marie Indart, who was born in Tres Pinos,
San Benito County, a daughter of Juan Indart, a
pioneer of California, who came from the Basses-
Pyrenees section of France, attracted by the glowing
tales of the wealth to be obtained in the mines. He
became a prominent stockman of San Benito County
and Nevada, and when he passed away, his sons con-
tinued the business. Mrs. Navlet's mother still resides
at Tres Pinos, on the old Indart homestead, and has
reached the ripe age of eighty-four years. Frater-
nally Mr. Navlet is a charter member of the Elks
and Native Sons, also a member of the Garden City
Lodge, I. O. O. F. Politically he is a Repubhcan.

The floral business requires a working force of
forty-five people, so great is the demand which Mr.
Navlet has established for his products. By his

y.-^ C^^yfy

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

721

initiative and firm determination to succeed, he has
educated the people to love flowers and plants to
such an extent that it is with difficulty that he can
produce sufi'icient stock to meet the demand of his
patronage. He can always be depended upon to
further with time and money any worthy enter-
prise, and takes great pride in the advancement of
California in general and Santa Clara County and
San Jose in particular. The standard established by
Mr. Navlet is being improved upon each year, and
his name will be forever associated with this great
and valuable resource of the West.

JOHN C. THORP.— Arriving in California in
1889 with assets consisting chiefly of a strong con-
stitution, reliable character and a determination to
succeed. John C. Thorp has made his own way and
and is now among the leading contractors of the
San Francisco bay region. He was born in Brad-
ford. Yorkshire, England, January 15, 1866, and was
the son of George and Eliza (Iredale) Thorp, who
were natives of the same shire. They immigrated
many years ago to Toronto, Canada, where the
father was a contractor for manj- years, though he
now makes his home in Buffalo, N. Y., his wife hav-
ing passed away some years ago. The oldest of
their children, John C. Thorp, v.as educated in the
schools of England and it was also in his native
land that he apprenticed to and learned the carpen-
ter's trade under his father, who was interested in
the firm of Thorp, Terry & Scofield (all cousins)
owners of the Prospect saw mills in Bradford, Eng-
land. It was there that John Thorp became an all-
round mill man as well as a carpenter and builder.
In 1881 he came to Toronto, Canada, where he was
employed with John Fletcher & Sons in their planing
mill until 1885, when he came west to Saskatchewan.
Soon after this he came to the Pacific Coast and
in 1889, to San Jose. He followed his trade for
the first two years, and then began general con-
tracting and building, entering upon a career in
which he has become very successful.

Among some of the numerous buildings he has
erected are the Imperial hotel, Russ hotel, Bank of
Italy building. Market Street fire station and some
of the finest residences in this city, among them
the Harris home. Dr. Flemming's residence, the Leon
home, Roca home and the Leet residence, all of
which are very beautiful, artistically and architec-
turally. He also built the large cannery for the
Bayside Canning Company at Mayfield, the Alviso
cannery and the one at Isleton, Sacramento County.
Aside from the Santa Clara Valley he has had
contracts for buildings all over California, having
built dehydrators all over the state, after a method
which he has patented.

Mr. Thorp's marriage occurred in Toronto, Canada,
where he was united with Miss Janet Mcintosh, who
was born in London, England, of Scotch parents,
who brought her to Toronto when she was four
years of age. Her parents spent their last days in
San Jose. Mrs. Thorp is a cultured, refined wom-
an, who presides gracefully over her home that has
been blessed with two children; George, who served
in the U. S. Navy during the 'World War, learned
carpentry and building under his father, and is now
a foreman for him; Lilb', a charming young lady,
a graduate of San Jose high school, assists her
mother in presiding over the household. Mr. Thorp

is popular both in social and business circles, being
a member of the ,San Jose Chamber of Commerce,
the Maccabees and Uniform rard< of the Knights of
the Maccabees, and the San Jose Lodge of Elks;
in politics he is a Republican. Mr. Thorp is now
the second oldest contractor and builder in San Jose;
when he began business here at the age of twenty-six
years he was the youngest builder here, but his hard
work, close application and well-directed energy
have placed him in the front rank among the most
enterprising and progressive men in California. He
gives no small de.grce of his success to his estimable
wife, who has always aided him and encouraged him
in his ambition, thus doing all she could to assist
him in establishing such an enviable position among
leading Californians. A man of pleasing personality
and kindliness of heart, living strictly to the Golden
Rule, he is public spirited to a high degree and is
at all times, for all things for the good of the
Santa Clara Valley.

FIACRO JULIAN FISHER.— The Fisher fam-
ily have been identified with the Santa Clara Val-
ley since early pioneer days, and Fiacro Julian Fisher
was born October 4, 1891, in the beautiful modern
residence his father had erected on the exact loca-
tion of the adobe house which his grandfather put
up in the pioneer days of the state. The father,
Fiacro C. Fisher, was born upon the farm in Burnett
township, Santa Clara County, August 30, 1850, the
youngest son of William and Liberata (Cesena)
Fisher, early settlers of California. The paternal
grandfather was of English birth and a seafaring
man by occupation. He came to the LTnited States
in young manhood, and in 1830 left his first location
in Massachusetts for California, making the voyage
as mate of a vessel. He located at San Jose, in
Lower California, and owned a vessel which he
navigated upon the Gulf of California. In April,
1842, he came to this state and bought the ranch
known then as the Laguna Seca Grant, and four
years later brought his family to Monterey. Upon
this property he engaged in cattle and stockraising
until his death, wdiich occurred in 1850, at the age
of forty years. The maternal grandmother, Liberata
Cesena, was a native of Mexico and survived her
husband many years. They were the parents of four
sons and two daughters: Thomas N. and Cypriano,
twins; William, deceased; Fiacro, Mary, the wife
of Murphy Columbet, and Eulogia.

Fiacro C. Fisher received his preliminary educa-
tion in the public schools of Santa Clara County,
after which he entered and attended Santa Clara
College for two years, as well as the high school of
San Jose for awhile. He left school quite early to
take up his chosen occupation, and that to which he
had early been trained, being foreman for Dan
Murphy until 1872. He then engaged in ranching
for himself on the old homestead, giving consider-
able attention to stockraising. In 1877 he went to
Nevada to take charge of the ranches of Mr. Murphy
and Mr. Hill, remaining in their employ as general
manager until 1894. Since that time he turned his
entire attention to the cultivation and improvement
of his own property, wdiich consisted of 300 acres
located on the Monterey and Coyote roads, and 1,000
acres in valley land. In 1872, in San Jose, Mr. Fisher
was married to Gertrude Hanks, a native of Califcr-

721 HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Ilia and daughter of Win. Hanks, better known as and Eliza (Curry) Howard. Mr. Howard was born
Julian Hanks. The latter was born in Massaehu- in England and came to the United States when h«
setts, but migrated to Lower California, where he was only seventeen years old, first locating in Wis-
was interested in a vessel. In 1846 he came to Call- cousin and later coming to the gold fields of Cali-
fornia with the elder Fisher, and in San Jose con- fornia, then settling in the Santa Clara Valley, where
ducted a grist mill, operating the same until ISdf), lie still resides. Mrs. Howard was a native of New
when he traded it for property in Sonora, Mexico. Brunswick. Mrs. Gruwell first attended the school
He made his home in Lower California until his in Solano County where she was born and where
death. Mr. and Mrs. Eisher were the parents of ■'^'i'^' lived until the age of nine, wdien she came to
six children: Laura, the wife of William Straulj; Santa Clara County with her parents, and the rest
Chester F., Neva, Gertrude, George, and h'iacro ^i' 'if-''' school days were spent in the schools of Santa
Julian. Both parents have passed awav. Clara County. -Mr. and Mrs. Gruwell had one child,
I'iacro Julian began his education 'in the public Howard Romayne, wdio died at the age of three and
schools of San lose, and then entered Santa Clara one-half years. Mr. Gruwell was bereaved of his
College, continuing his studies for two vears, then "■'*f' February I'J, 1922, a distinct loss to the whole
finished his education in the San Jose hi.gh school. '■-Ommuw\y. Air. Gi uwell has an attractive and com-
He then settled on the old home idace at Coyote, Portable home, surrounded by two acres of peaches,
engaging in farming, and m 1917 purchased an ''"'' °"f P'-'^^'^^'' *''f "-'"^'^ ^'^"^^^ "^a-- '^^^ house is
orchard ^of twentv acres at Cupertino, and selling it T"'' 'll''" /°''7"^"' "'"'*''' °''' =""'' '''^'■' d^''<^i°"''^

m 1919 he bought his present orchard of twentv-two ^™\ "" =* V'" '%'^"' ^-"'' "u '?™"''' ^ P"""' °* *'''

1 1 ir 1-1 c' T-> 1 1 ■ 1 L 1 old home place. Mr. Gruwell is a past master of

and a half acres on the Casev Road, winch he de- , ■, i . ^t -,„n x^ „ « , , ,^ iiia.->ii.i

, , ■ ■ , ■ - , f ,1 n r Libertv Lodge No. 299, E. & A. M, Santa C ara,

votes to raising prunes, being a member of the Can- , , - t-t i ^». . ^t ,. -r, » ,,

,- . ,, ■ 1 » ■ . ^ T TO aLo a member of Howard Chapter No. 14, R. A. M.

forma h rune and A))neot Growers, Inc. In Septem- ,, t , r. r r< ■ n o c-. ^«- i o

, ,,,,, ,,, T-. , ^ , ,, ,^ • , o '~'an Jose, and San lose Council R. tN: S. M., and San

her, IVl/, Mr. risher entered the Linted States , ^ . x' m i- t^ t i t^ i

, , . • , ,-, T ■ ■■ Jose Commandery l\o. lU K. T., Islam Temple

Arm\', heing stationed at Camp Lewis unti sent \ \ n x' ^v c c tt ■ i ii r^ t- .-^

?, , . . , m, TT , , •"^- -^^ 'J- -^- •^l- >^-. San hrancisco, and the O. E. S.

overseas with his re.giment, the i hree Hundred

Eorty-scventh United States Eield Artillery, landing EDWARD BRUCE STONE.— A good example of

at Cherbourg, Erance, aiul training at Bordeaux what energy and resourcefulness can accomplish,

until sent to Verdun sector. After the armistice. when w-iscly directed and centralized, is furnished in

was \s-ith the Army of Occupation near Coblenz, the career of Edward Bruce Stone, wdio was born in

until he came home in Ma}', 1919. He was mustered Denver, Colo., E'ebruary 8, 1882, the son of Thomas

out at the Presidio the same month and came home and Hilary A. (Ward) Stone, both natives of England,

to his Cupertino ranch, w-hieh his wife had managed but were married in the L'nited States. The father,

while he was overseas. wdio was a butcher, came to San Jose with his family

The marriage of Mr. I'isher united him with iliss in 1887 and bought a ranch several years later in the

Teresa Eahey, a nati\-e daughter of California, born San Thomas district wdiere he resided for some time,

near Wright Station, and thc\- are the parents of ^nd having been very successful, he has retired and

one son, William Stanton. is now residing in San Jose. He and his wife were

the parents of three children: William T., of San

lose; Charles A., of Palo Alto; Edward Bruce, the

subject of this sketch.

CHARLES LEE GRUWELL.— One of Santa
Clara County's well-known horticulturists is Charles
Lee (jruwell, who was born on September 4, 1863,
on part of the land which is still in his possession. Edward B. Stone received his education m the
He is the son of Melvin L. and Sarah (Wear) Gru- l'"''lie- schools of San Jose and m San Tomas dis-
well, natives of Indiana and Missouri, respectivelv, *"■'*-''' ^^'''^^'^ seventeen years old he entered the cm-
Melvin L. Gruwell was born in 1826 and came to '''">' "^ "'e Southern Pacific Railway Company as
California in the year 185(1 and settled in Santa Clara telegrapher on the Coast Lines and worked in this
Countv in 1852. Entering into partnership with a ''"^ of business lor seven years. His marriage,
friend, thev settled on a ranch of 172 acres which "''"c'l occurred at Los Gatos on September 29, 1903,
belonged to Stinsoi, and Lucas, and then later he """"' '"'" ""'^ .^'"^ Emma C. Jarvis who was
purchased Mr. Lucas's half of the propertv and for '^O''" '" Newark. Alameda County, Cab, the daughter
fiftv-five vears was in partnership with Mr. Stinson. "' ^^^''^""^ ^''''\ and Eirrma O (Reader) Jarv.s.
engaged in farming, and continued in this line until ■^'''' J^''^''^ "'^^ ''°™ '" Ellsworth, Maine, and his
his demise, which occurred in 19111, at the a.ge of ^"^'^ "'^^ ^ "''t'^^' °^ Indiana. Her lather crossed the
eightv-four vears. Alelvin (iruwell and his' wife 1''^'"^ '" ^'^^^^ 'o California, while her mother came
were' the parents of nine children. William, de- "■'*'' (.>andmother Todd to Alameda, and they were
ceased; Arthur J., deceased; Charles Lee, the sub- '"arried in Centcrville. Mr. and Mrs. Stone are the
jcct of this sketch; Martha A.; Lydia became the Parents of one child, Edward Bruce, Jr.
wife of Jacob Breitenstein ; Lawrence C; Theresa Mr. Stone is now engaged in ranching and is con-
became the wife of H. Van De Pier; Kate is the fining his efforts to the raising of prunes, his trees
widow of James Hemphill; Lou became the wife of having been planted about twenty-five years ago.
loseph Hemphill. His forty acre orchard is located on Phelps Avenue,

Charles Lee, the subject of our sketch, attended five miles south of San Jose and is bringing its owner
the public schools of his locality and then attended a splendid income. Mr. Stone is a stanch adherent
the San Jose State Normal. He has been engaged of the Republican party. He is a member of the
in the raising of fruit since that time, confining his Christian Science Church of Los Gatos, where he
labors to the raising of peaches and prunes. His served a term as first reader, and he is also a mem-
marriage, which occurred in 1898, united him with her of the Mother Church, The First Church of
Miss Hattie Ellen, the daughter of C. W. Howard Christ, Scientist, in Boston, Mass.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUN'I'^'

725

Mr. Stone is an unerKotic and tireless worker
and keeps his orchard in a high state of cultivation
and efficiency. He has a pumpinp; plant with a
capacity of 600 gallons a minute, ample not only for
his own but also for the neighbors' orchards. In
1921 he built a modern bungalow residence, equipped
with electric cooking facilities. The grounds are
artistically laid out and well kept and the farm
buildings, as well as the grounds, are lighted by
electricity, and he has electrically driven machinery,
thus making it one of the most complete in equip-
ment of any ranch in the county. A magnificent
Sequoia Gigantic on his grounds is one of the finest
specimens of its kind in the valley, having been
planted about fifty years ago by the Phelps family,
who were large cattlemen here.

JAMES C. MERRITT— A man endowed with
much business ability and honest and straightfor-
ward in all business dealings, James C. Merritt is
one of San Jose's successful young business men,
enjoying the confidence and esteem of the entire
community. A son of Andrus R. and Susan (Bul-
lock) ilerritt, natives of Pennsylvania and New-
York, respectively, he was born October 22, 1877,
in Atchison County. Mo. Grandfather Merritt, who
was a millwright, removed to Minnesota in 1856.
One of a family of eight children, all boys, Andrus
R. Merritt grew to manhood in Minnesota and re-
ceived his education in the schools of that frontier
country. Several of the Merritt boys were timber
cruisers and one of them, while cruising came across
a windfall and where the ground had been torn
up found ore that resulted in the discovery of a
mountain or iron. Five of the Merritt boys became
interested and by the hardest kind of work and
making sacrifices they finally opened up the iron
mines in the Mesaba range, and proved them a
success. They also built the Duluth and Mesaba
Northern Railroad, bringing the whole into a won-
derful development until the panic of 1893, when
they were squeezed out and they are owned by
the trust. The great value of the Mesaba iron mines
in aiding the World War can best be told when
it is known they produce seventy-two per cent of all
iron mined in America.

^Irs. Susan ^Merritt passed away in 188(1 leaving
two children, James C, our subject, and Thomas
A., the latter an automobile dealer in Glendora, Cal.
Andrus Merritt was married th-e second time to
Elizabeth Clark and they make their home in San
Jose. They have two children, Lewis, a partner of
our subject, and J. \Y., chief geologist for the Sa-
pulpa, Oklahoma, Refinery.

James C. was educated in the grammar and high
schools of Duluth, Minn., later taking a course at
Hamline University at St. Paul. For a year he was
with the engineering corps that located the Western
Pacific Railroad in eastern Nevada, then in the
brokerage and bond business in St. Paid for ten
years. The lure of the western country proved
too strong for him, however, and in 1916 he came
to San Francisco, Cal. After traveling over the
state for one year, in 1917 he purchased the share
of J. J. Merritt in the Merritt Company, San Jose,
and has since been devoting his time to this pros-
perous business. They own and operate an extensive
plant at Santa Clara, and manufacture many articles
of cement and concrete, besides doing a general

contracting business. The Merritt Company ijlant
was established in 1912 and engaged in the manu-
facture of concrete pipe and it has grown rapidly
since then. Thc.\' use the Brubaker pipe machine
of a large capacity, and are also contractors for
laying irrigating pipe, the business having grown un-
til in 192(1 it was the largest of its kind in Cali-
fornia. In June, 1921, the business was incorporated
as the Merritt Concrete Products Company with
lames C. Merritt as jjresident and manager.

In Elko, Nev., on March ,50, 1903, Mr. Merritt
was married to Jvliss Lola Swetland, a native of Elko.
Nev., who is active and very prominent in club
work. She is president of the Y. W. C. A., Mothers'
Club of San Jose, a member of the house committee
of the Y. W. C. A., superintendent of the inter-
mediate department of the Methodist Episcopal Sun-
day School and secretary of the Parent-Teachers'
Association in San Jose. To Mr. and Mrs. Merritt
have been born t\\'0 sons, Gerald Andrus and Glenn.
Mr. Merritt is independent in his political view's,
and believes in the fitness of man for the ofiice.
Religiously he is a consistent member of the Method-
ist Episcopal Church. During the years of 1913
and 1914, while a resident of St. Paul, he acted as
Exalted Ruler of the Elks. He is a member of the
Chamber of Commerce and Lions Club, the 100 Per
Cent Club and a charter member of the Commer-
cial Club. He and his wife were both active in
the war and Red Cross drives. When enabled to
do so, he spends considerable time in the mountains,
hunting and fishing. He has ever believed in con-
structive measures, and his diligence and determina-
tion have been prominent factors in his career and
by his constant application has caused him to ad-
vance steadily toward the goal of prosperity.

EUGENE O. McGRATH.— Coming to California
in the late '60's, Eugene O. McGrath has been identi-
fied with many important gold mining projects and
he has become recognized as an engineer of expert
ability whose professional career has been one of
continuous progress. A native of Vermont, he was
born in Burlington, November 15, 1845, a son of
Eugene O. and Mary (McGrath) McGrath, the for-
mer a farmer by occupation. In the family were
seven children, of whom the subject of this review
was the fifth in order of birth. He is a veteran of
the Civil War, as were also two of his brothers, one
of whom was wounded in that conflict. In 1864 he
enlisted in the navy and for nine months was one of
the crew- of the Dumbarton, w-hich was at one time
the flagship of Commodore Radford, under command
of Admiral Potter, and later was engaged in patrol-
ling the James River. He also served for a short
time on the Nancimond. Mercury, and Wyandank
and was stationed with the Atlantic patrol in front
of Washington. D. C, at the time Lincoln was as-
sassinated. He was in the engineering department
in the navy and received bis honorable discharge m
1865. after a little more than a A-ear's service.

Returning to his home in \"ermont, Mr. McGrath
there remained for a year and in 1867 cam^e to Cali-
fornia bv the Panama route, landing at San Fran-
cisco on' February 9. He became interested m min-
ing engineering at Dog Town, Butte County, and
for twenty-five years was thus occupied, building the
second flume in the state. This was erected tor the
Sugar Pine Lumber Flume & Mining Company and
carried an immense volumr of water, which was used

726

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

also in hydraulic gold mining, being the largest min-
ing flume in the state. The Sugar Pine Company
had a number of mills in the hills of Butte County
and used the flume to float lumber down to the sta-
tion, where it was loaded for market, this great flow
of water being carried for a distance of thirty miles
and cost abou't $700,000.

Mr. i\'IcGrath has become recognized as an author-
ity- on mining engineering and he has staked many
mining claims, while he also was principally inter-
ested in the lumber business for about twenty-five
years. He preferred, however, to confine his business
interests to mines of proven worth and acquired
holding in the Cherokee district, the Cherokee being
the largest hydraulic gold mine in the world. From
Butte County he went to Auburn, Placer County,
where he became interested in quartz mines, and then
went to Reno, Nov.. where he remained two years.
He next went to Inyo County, Cal., and for six
years aided in developing the Cerro Gordo mines in
that locality. At present he is interested in mines at
Hornsilver, about thirty mdes from Goldfield, Nev.,
and has eight different claims in that county, all of
which are rich bearing mines, the ore being hauled
by trucks to the railroad station. He is also in-
terested in other properties in Nevada. From 1902
until 1903 Mr. McGrath made his home in San Fran-
cisco, but in the latter year he purchased property on
West San Carlos and Sunol Streets, in San Jose, and
has since maintained his residence in this city.

In Cherokee, Cal., in January, 1872, Mr. McGrath
was married to Miss Mary Ann Davis, a native of
Pennsylvania and a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth
Davis, the former of whom was also born in the Key-
stone State. For many years the father worked in
the mines there and later came to California, settling
m Butte County at an early period in its development.
To Mr. and Mrs. McGrath were born seven children:
George W., now deceased; Lafayette, who is con-
nected with the Standard Oil Company at Folsom
City, Cal; Emmet Wallace, a resident of Marysville;
Mrs. Eugenia Castle; Katherine, deceased; Mrs. May
Smothers; and Mildred, at home. There are also
fifteen grandchildren. In his political views Mr. Mc-
Grath is a stanch Republican, and he keeps in touch
with the best thinking men of the age on all the
r|uestions that are of vital significance. He has been
a member of the Miners Commission of the State of
California and fraternally is connected with the
Masons in Butte and Inyo Counties, and he is also
identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows. Gaining that superior ability which comes
through close study and broad experience, he is
entitled to classification with the eminent mining
engineers of the country, and his contributions to
the world's work have been of great value.

FRANK A. LEIB. — A notable prize-winner at the
Panama-Pacific Exposition, of whom Santa Clarans
are naturally very proud, is Frank A. Lcib, the
rancher at Lundy's Road, four miles northeast of
San Jose, part owner of one of the largest walnut
groves, in private possession, in the United States.
He was born at San Jose on August 4, 1880, the son
of Judge S. F. Leib, who came to California in early
days from Ohio, and married Miss Lida Campbell
Grissim, a native of Georgetown, Ky.

Frank A. Leib was sent to the grammar school in
San Jose, and then attended the Washburn Prepar-

atory School leading up to Stanford, from which he
was graduated with the class of '02. He next took
a post-graduate course of two years at Stanford,
and in 1904 he was admitted to the bar, and he
practiced law until 1905. In that year he took up
the scientific, fascinating pursuit of orcharding, and
now he supervises one of the Leib walnut groves of
100 acres, located at the northerly extreme end of
Lundy Road. There he has twenty varieties of
walnuts, and he reserves one acre which he devotes
to experimental work in the effort to create new
varieties. He uses the Royal Black Walnut and the
Paradox Black W'alnut trees as basic stock for graft-
ing, and he experiments with every variety of wal-
nut, wild and tame. At the Panama-Pacific Exposi-
tion at San Francisco in 1915, Mr. Leib took eight
first prizes with walnuts grown upon the Leib
ranches, demonstrating anew that Santa Clara
County walnuts are the finest in the world. Mr.
Leib is also interested in the culture of bees, and has
about 150 hives in his apiary. He raises the bees
for commercial purposes, and ships them in small
packages to honey-producing parts of the state.

At \'ictoria, B. C, Mr. Leib was married on
August 4, 1908, to Miss Mary Sandilands Bennett, a
native of Toronto and of Scotch-Welsh parentage.
Her father was Col. C. C. Bennett, who served with
the British forces during the Boer War, and with
the Canadian forces in the late World War from
1914 through the duration of hostilities; her mother
before her marriage was Miss Florence Greet, and
the famous English tragedian, Ben Greet, is an uncle
of Mrs. Leib. Five children were born to Colonel
and Mrs. Bennett: the eldest is Charles C. Bennett,
who IS at Cranbrook, B. C; Maj. Richard A. G.
Bennett is at Edmonton, Alberta; Mary, the wife of
our subject, was the third in order of birth; Maj.
Arthur Patrick Bennett is at Vernon, B. C; Kate,
the wife of Lieutenant Boyd, lives at Camp Grant,
Rockford, 111. Mrs. Leib's two brothers served in
the late World War as majors, and they also re-
ceived the Military Cross, while her father received
the Military Cross and also the British D. S. O.
One brother was severely gassed, and her father re-
ceived a compound fracture of the arm, which, for-
tunately, has not prevented his remaining in the
Canadian Army as the aide to the general com-
manding at Victoria. Mary Bennett was thirteen
years old when her father removed to Pacific Grove,
near Monterey, and there she was educated at the
grammar and high schools. Four children have
come to gladden the household of Mr. and Mrs. Leib:
Samuel Franklin, Charles Bennett, Mary Sandilands
and Lida Campbell. Mr. and Mrs. Leib are both
Republicans, and Mrs. Leib is a member of the Na-
tional League of Women's Service, Department of
Santa Clara.

While at the university Mr. Leib was captain of
the Stanford tennis team, and a member of the
Varsity Glee Club, the Class Club, the Phi Delta
Phi, Zeta Phi, Sigma Sigma and T. M. E. class
fraternities. Word has just been received from
Stanford University that their nine-year-old daugh-
ter, Mary Sandilands Leib, has been adjudged one
of the thousand brightest pupils in California. It
is a matter of greatest interest and. encouragement
to students of eugenics as well as advocates of "back

HISTORY OF SANTA CJ.ARA COUNTY

729

to the land" movement, to know that Mr. and Mrs.
Leib are both eolleKe bred, eaeh eomes from dis-
tinguished faniihes. and tliat lhe\- are rearing their
ehildren in the environment of the free and open of
eoinitry life, and that their children are all e.xeep-
lionally large, strong and bright, so mueh so, as to
he officially noticed for these enviable (|nalities of
strength and ef¥iciene\-.

JAMES WILLIAM HARRIS, Ph. D.— Closely
allied with the educational activities of San Jose since
1910, James William Harris, Ph. D., is recognized as
a potent factor in literary circles. A native of Boyd
County, Ky., he was born at Ashland, August 26, 1878,
a son of John W^. and Ellen Virginia (Roberts)
Harris. John \\'. Harris, who comes of English de-
scent, was born in Ulirichsville, Ohio, whither his par-
ents had migrated from Maryland. The mother was
of English and Scotch extraction, a native of Balti-
more, and she is a descendant of a highly intellectual
family. The father was prominent in the educational
development of Boyd County, serving as president of
the board of education and also as a councilman of
Ashland for many years. He was a successful mer-
chant, and because of his untiring and unselfish in-
terest in the development of his local community, he
was accorded the leadership in all advance move-
ments. The early education of the subject of this
sketch began in the public schools of Ashland, Ky.
When sixteen years of age just after graduating from
the high school he entered the office of the Floyd
County Abstract Company, where he was employed
for two years, receiving much practical knowledge of
legal and abstract business. Later he entered Union
College at Barboursville, Ky., where he was gradu-
ated in 1901 with the degree of A. B. He immediate-
ly removed to Aberdeen, S. D., where he had charge
of records and passing on titles for a local loan com-
pany. While residing in Aberdeen Mr. Harris in
1902 was offered the position of superintendent of the
town schools of Ipswich and given the authority to
organize the high school, which he proceeded to do;
this resulted in a permanent high school and he con-
tinued in the same capacity for three years. In 1905,
Mr. Harris entered Clark University at Worcester,
Mass., where he did graduate work, taking a course
in psychology and education under President G.
Stanley Hall. For one year he was on appointment
as scholar in psychology and two years as a Carnegie
Fellow in psychology. In 1908 the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy was conferred on him and the same
year he was appointed assistant professor of educa-
tion at De Pauw University, Greencastle, Ind., re-
maining in this capacity until 1910 when he resigned
and came to California to accept the Chair of Educa-
tion in the College of the Pacific.

During 1913 Dr. Harris was given leave of absence
and made an extended tour throughout England and
Continental Europe for observation of educational in-
stitutions as well as pleasure, returning to America
and California eight months previous to the outbreak
of the World War in July, 1914. While in Europe he
studied critically both the strong and weak points of
foreign education and on his return introduced into
his classes at the College of the Pacific much con-
structive criticism as the result of his sojourn abroad.

The summers of 1920 and 21 were spent by Dr.
Harris at the State University of Iowa as lecturer in
education, a position he will again resume in 1922.
He is an active and interested member of the Na-

tional Educational Association, and has been a dele-
gate lo national conventions upon several occasions.
During his years at the College of the Pacific Dr.
Harris has been closely associated with several phases
of the administration of the school; he has been con-
nected with endowment campaigns and publicity work
lor the colle.ge and has in every way lifted his life
into the spirit of the institution. His influence on the
lives of hundreds of young men and women cannot
be overestimated, and those who have been privi-
leged to be members of his classes, testify as to his
keen mind, strict integrity and oneness of purpose,
that being to give of his best that those who come in
contact with him should .give of their best to the
world and humanity. The city of San Jose recognize
in Dr. Harris a broad-minded, public-spirited citizen,
and are justly proud of the influence he is wielding in
the lives of the youth of the conrmunity.

JOHN R. McCarthy.— Among the early set-
tlers of Santa Clara County who came here as earh-
as 1876 and settled on Government land by home-
steaded preemption, is John R. McCarthy, now liv-
ing retired in the vicinity of Cupertino. His experi-
ence in the early days was typical of the growing
West, and he worked his way from a very small be-
ginning to his present state of independence. A na-
tive of Ireland, he was born in County tverry, De-
cember 10, 1851, the son of Richard and Helen
(Lane) McCarthy. John's opportunity for an edu-
cation was very limited in his native land; his sum-
mers were spent in helping his father on the farm,
the entire period of his school days being only two
\ ears, during the winter months. There were eight
children in his father's family, namely, Cornelius,
deceased; Johanna, deceased; Florence, a resident of
Ireland; Marj', deceased; John R., our subject;
ivatherine and Ellen, in Ireland, and Bridget, de-
ceased. When a young man in 1876 Mr. McCarthy
left Ireland for America and came direct to San
lose, Santa Clara County, Cal. His first work was
picking cherries one day for Judge Archer for $1.50
a day, and he paid seventy-five cents for his board;
then at haying and later on the railroad awhile, when
he went to Solano County and worked on a farm
for one year; then went to Los Angeles in 1877 and
worked for "Lucky" Baldwin on his Santa Anita
Rancho for eleven months. Returning north, he
worked for two years on ranches near Menlo Park;
then went to Alpine County and tried his luck at
mining, but at the end of four months found that the
work underground was too unhealthy and hard and
left and came back to Santa Clara County and
rented a ranch of 490 acres on the Permanente Creek
and farmed this for twelve years. During the year
of 1882 he preempted 160 acres, which was later
changed to a homestead; he farmed this for twenty-
four years, then sold eighty acres of it to the San
Francisco Sugar Company; later he sold forty acres,
and the balance was planted to vineyard. He lost
his vines by disease and reset it to resistant vines
and grafted them to wine grapes. In 1'"'15 he sold
the remainder of his ranch and purchased an acre
and a half in Cupertino and built two residences on
It, residing in one and renting the other.

The marriage of Mr. McCarthy occurred in Oak-
land, August 10, 1884, and united him with Miss
Margaret Bronsan, a native also of County Kerry,

730

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Ireland, born within four miles of her husband's
birthplace. She is the daughter of Cornelius and
Rleanor (Casey) Bronsan, farmers in their native
land. Mrs. McCarthy was the ninth of a family of
twelve children, and during- 1879 she came to the
ITnited States and lived in Oakland until her mar-
riage. In his political belief Mr. McCarthy favors
the candidate best fitted for the ofiice regardless of
party lines. Fraternally he belongs to the Knights
of Columbus and both belong to the Catholic Church.

JOHN W. BLANCH. — An enterprising and very
successful contractor who has done much to advance
the development of the painting trade in San Jose,
is John W. Blanch, of 643 South Second Street,
who was born in San Jose on December 19, 1865,
the son of the late Charles Blanch. The latter was
born in Gloucestershire, England, on February 20,
1831, and there he was reared and educated as a
farmer. In 1851 he came to the United States and
settled in Iowa, where he farmed for three years;
and then he went on to Minnesota, and for five
years continued agricultural pursuits there, although
for two years in succession his entire crops were
destroyed by grasshoppers. He crossed the great
plains to California with the aid of ox teams, and
came direct to Santa Clara County, arriving at San
Jose in the fall of 1859. On the way the Indians
stole their cattle. They followed the redskins for
several days, until they came across the big band of
thousands of Indians. Seeing no chance to recover
their stock, they went back to their w-agons and
waited until another train came up, and made ar-
rangements to come through with them.

y\fter living for two v'ears in San Jose, Charles
Blanch took up farming about ten miles out of town,
where he lived until 1868, and then he proceeded to
San Luis Obispo County and commenced dairying,
but all of his cattle sickened and died. He then re-
turned to Santa Clara County where he farmed for
a year, and after that he made a journey to Oregon,
where he put in a winter. In the spring, he was
back in Santa Clara County. This time he settled
at the place known as the White Oak Flat, in Bur-
nett township; and at the expiration of four years,
he located on a ranch of 150 acres in Hoover Valley,
where he lived for many years.

At St. Paul, Minn., on April 27, 1859, Mr. Blanch
was married to Miss Maria Watkins, also a native of
England, by whom he had ten children. William T.
was born on October 9, 1863. Then came John W.,
the subject of our revie\v. Mary E. was born on
January 5, 1868. Charles E. first saw the light on
December 7, 1869. Sarah M. was born on March 8,
1873. Robert entered the family on March 27, 1875.
Charlotte was born on February 17, 1879. The date
of the l)irth of F.dmund H. was February 8, 1860,
and he died on May 22, 1861), Jessie A. was born on
June 2, 1861, and died on September 21, I860. Rich-
ard, born on October 14, 1877, died three da\'S later.

John \\'. Blanch attended the public school in the
coimtry districts for a couple of seasons, and when
eighteen years old he started to make his own vay
in the world. He took up [laintin.g, beginning his
apprenticeship under J. C. Roderick and finishin,g
under Michael Lenzen, after which, as a journeyman
painter, he worked for Mr.'Baird for five years. Then
he Ijecame a contractor in paintin.g, and he continued
active in that field for the following eight years, work-

ing throughout the Santa Clara Valley and as far as
Hollister and Livermore. In 1899 he again became
a journeyman, and he has continued as such for the
past twenty years, acting also as a foreman painter,
especially, for years, in the service of Walter McGin-
ley, and during all that time making San Jose his
home. He took up a homestead of 160 acres in the
hills about sixty miles from San Jose; it is a valuable
stock ranch, and is on the Phoenix Mining Road.

At San Jose, on November 4, 1891, Mr. Blanch was
married to Miss Mattie Aborn, a native of Evergreen,
Santa Clara County, and the daughtr of John Aborn
who had married Mary E. Fullmer, born in San lose
in October, 1848. Her grandmother, Mrs. Eliza Full-
mer, was a member of the famous Donner party
and came to California in 1846. The Aborn Road
was named after John Aborn, who was a veteran of
the Mexican and also of the Civil War. This pioneer
couple had six children of whom Mrs. Blanch is the
fourth. Four children have blessed this union of
Mr. and Mrs. Blanch. Charles R. is with the Santa
Clara Mill S: Lumber Company; he entered the
World War as one of the Grizzlies, on October 23,
1917, and was in the One Hundred Forty-fourth
Field Artillery. He was sent to Camp Kearny and
there he volunteered as a replacement man and was
sent overseas. He left for France on June 28, 1918,
.going via England to Brest, and on July 26 went
into battle with his new regiment, the One Hundred
Eighth Infantry, later transferred to the One
Hundred Eighth Field Artillery, and he has credit
for the followin.g offensives: Aisne-Marne. the Vesle
Sector, August 15 to 18, and August 18 to Septem-
ber 10, Oise-Aisne ofifensive: October 30 to Novem-
ber 11, Ypres-Lys, September 10 to October 10,
Mcuse--'\rgonne. He saw a great deal of active fight-
ing, and was wounded once on the hand with shrap-
nel. He returned to the United States on May 19,
1919, and on June 2 following was discharged.
Hazel, the second child, is the wife of John E. Deeds
of San Jose. Cecile has become the wife of Carle R.
JTcAdoo. of the Benson Garage at San Jose. Wal-
ter W. Blanch is with the American Can Company.
Mr. Blanch is a Republican, and he is a member
of the Eagles of San Jose.

FRED H. GARDNER.— During the '50s men
from all sections of the country were thronging to
California as offering advantages and opportunities
greater than were possible in the East and it was in
1852 that Daniel Gardner, the father of our subject,
journeyed across the plains with an old time ox-
team train. Fred Gardner was born in the rural
districts near Saratoga, November 29, 1871, the son
of Daniel and Sarah (Kenyon") Gardner. The father
first settled in Placcrville and worked in the mines
for six years, comin.g to vSanta Clara County in 1858,
and in 1861 bought the ranch where the family have
lived continuously ever since. Daniel Gardner
passed away in 1913, having enjoved the fruits of
his labors, living for many years in peace and con-
tenlment in the beautiful Saratoga section of the
Santa Clara Valley. The mother came with her
family across the plains from St. Joseph, Mo., in
1849, when she was but a small girl of five years,
and on July 9, 1861, the >-oung people met and
were married at Santa Clara. Mrs. Gardner passed
away in 1913, lacking three months of celebrating
their golden wedding anniversary. The old house

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

731

still stands on the homo place; last year hall of the
roof was reshingled, but the other half of the old
root still stands. Fifteen apple and ten pear trees
planted by the father in 18o3 are still bearint,' flowers
and fruit each year.

Fred H. attended the grammar school in Saratoga
and upon finishing the course went to the Los Gatos
high school. With the exception of five years wdien
he was engaged in the grocery Inisiness in San
Mateo, Mr. Gardner has been engaged in farming.
His marriage united him with Miss Mabel Deanglar
of Los Gatos, and they have two children. Myrtle
and Frances. Politically Mr. Gardner is a Repub-
lican, and fraternally is an Odd Fellow, being dis-
tric deputy grand master. He is also a member of
the encampment and the Canton, and with his wife
is a member of the Rebekahs. He also belongs to
the Modern Woodmen of America and the Foresters
of America at Saratoga. He finds his recreation in
outdoor life, and gladly aids in all progressive
measures for the upbuilding of Santa Clara County.

F. A. SHERMAN.— An experienced, successful
railroad man who has amply proved that with in-
telligent labor and conscientious attention one may
succeed at horticulture in the Santa Clara Valley and
attain to the most enviable results in this important
division of California agriculture, is F, A. Sherman,
who is operating the two Fassett farms, among the
best cultivated ranches in the Santa Clara Valley.
He was born at Allen, Hillsdale County. Mich., on
November 8, 1861, the son of Frederick Sherman, a
carpenter and builder who had married Miss Sabina
Butterfield; and he was fortunate in being given a
good grammar school education, for circumstances
then compelled him to get out and work for a living.
He secured employment on farms and also engaged
with his father in carpentering; and he commenced
at ranch work when he was only twelve j'ears old
and received five dollars a month. He next learned
telegraphy and was an operator and agent at various
places between Chicago and Lanark, 111., on the Chi-
cago and Council Bluffs division of the Chicago. Mil-
waukee & St. Paul Railway, and for nine years he
was at Hampshire, Stillman Valley, and Ontario-
ville, when he also did considerable relieving at
various stations along the line. In the fall of 1894,
he came to W'ashington and for fifteen j^ears he was
with the Great Northern Railway Company as sta-
tion agent; and there he became well acquainted with
James J., or "Jim" Hill, as he was familiarly and
afifectionately known, the famous railway magnate.

He had also become acquainted with the Fassett
family at Hampshire. 111., and after they moved out
to Santa Clara. Cal., in October, 1896, he married
Miss Calla Fassett. the daughter of the late C. A.
Fassett. After their marriage they went to Wash-
ington, where Mr. Sherman continued in the railway
service until September, 1910, when he came to his
present place of residence and took up the responsi-
bility already referred to. The two ranches aggre-
gate thirty-two acres, and of these he has twenty-
seven acres devoted to the cultivation of prunes, and
five acres to apricots.

Mr. and Mrs. Sherman are the parents of five
children, all of whom are still living. Wilma, a grad-
uate of the College of the Pacific, is the wife of
Justin K. Dyche, who was a second lieutenant of
aviation, and is now connected with the Oahu Col-

lege of Honolulu, as an instructor in chemistry and
inathematics. Marian A. is a graduate of San Jose
State Normal and is a teacher in the Santa Clara
grammar school. Ceylon F. was in the junior train-
ing corps and is a student at the College of the
Pacific, wdiere Edna L. is also studying; and there
IS Waldo N. Sherman, attending the grammar school
at Santa Clara. Mr. and Mrs. Sherman are members
of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Santa Clara.
and politically they aim to vote for the best men and
measures without fear or favor. Mr. Sherman be-
longs to the Odd F'ellows of Santa Clara and is a
past grand of that order; and he is junior warden
in the Masonic Lodge. All m all. Mr. and Mrs.
Sherman belong to those circles most welcomed in
the Santa Clara community, for they believe in the
future of the great Golden State and never lose an
opportunity to contribute to its permanent progress.

HUGH MACDONALD.— Although retired from
the active cares of life. Hugh Macdonald still takes
an interested part in the afifairs of his locality and
can be counted on to to give his aid to all matters
of progress and development. Born in Kings
County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. April 12,
1846, the son of John E. and Margaret (Walker)
Macdonald, also born there of Scotch parents, he
came with his parents to California in 1867 and they
first located in San Francisco, later removing to the
Livermore Valley, where they engaged in farming.
Both parents have passed away, the father having
died in 1870. shortly after removing to the Liver-
more Valley, while the mother died in San Francisco.

Hugh Macdonald was the fourth oldest of twelve
children and began his education in the schools of
Canada. He farmed in the Livermore Valley for
seven years, then spent two years at Santa Maria,
and later removed to the Santa Cruz Mountains,
where he worked in the redwood country for two
seasons. He then took up a ranch in the mountains
at the head of Kings Creek and lived there for eight
years. His marriage in San Jose. December 31.
1881. united him with Miss Marcella Moultrie, born
near Santa Clara, and she is the daughter of Riley
Moultrie, who was a member of the Donner party.
The father w-as a rancher at Santa Clara and later
at Saratoga, and he died in San Jose, being survived
by his widow, who is now ninety-one years old.
]Mr. and Mrs. Macdonald are the parents of two sons,
Harland B. and Jerome E., both in the Imperial
X'^alley, and there is one grandchild.

In 1900 Mr. Macdonald removed to his present
home on the Saratoga Springs Road, "which consists
of thirty-nine acres. He cleared the land and set
out the trees, and this highly improved orchard now
yields him a handsome profit each year. He also
has valuable property in the Imperial Valley. For
thirteen years he was the trusted and efficient em-
ployee of the San Jose Water Company and pur-
chased his land from them. He is a stanch Demo-
crat and has served the Castle Rock district as a
school trustee. In 1899 Mr. Macdonald went to
Nome, Alaska, and engaged in mining at Council
City until 1904, during which time he spent two
winters in the frozen North. During his long resi-
dence here he has seen much of the development of
this section of the state and .Santa Clara County
and his mental and moral characteristics are such
as have won for him the esteem and confidence of
all who know him.

/OJ

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

CAPTAIN RICHARD BAILEY HARPER.— The

name of Captain Richard Bailey Harper is one that is
well known to the citizens of Santa Clara County,
since he has been a resident of this county continuous-
ly for fifty-seven years. Captain Harper has been as-
sociated throughout his entire residence in the West
with the mining interests of the coast. Born at Red-
ruth in Cornwall, England, June 3, 1847, he is a son of
William and Eli.'^abeth (Bailejf) Harper; his father,
William Harper, was a mechanical engineer and fol-
lowed his profession all over England, Scotland and
Waes; later in life he was sent to Spain in this line of
work, and passed away there. When Richard B, Har-
per was sixteen years of age he embarked for the
United States, and in November, 1863, he came on a
sailing vessel around Cape Horn to Valparaiso, Chile,
thence on a steamer to Panama, then on the Golden
Gate to San Francisco, arriving in March, 1864, locat-
ing at Grass Valley, where he worked in the mines for
a little over a year; then for two years worked in the
Comstock gold and silver mines at Virginia City,
Nev. ; during the year of 1865 he came to Santa Clara
County where he was engaged in the New Almaden
mines for three years; then in the New Idria mines.
He was solicited and returned to his former position
in the Almaden mines and remained there for about
three years. By this time, his experience in the man-
agement of mines, had become varied, and he was en-
gaged as foreman in the Mariposa gold mines for ten
months; thence going to Grass Valley for about one
year and he was then employed as foreman of the
gold mines in Virginia City, Nev.; then was, for a
time, foreman of the Silver Wave Mining Company at
White Pines, Nev.; then for a year and a half was in
charge of the Troy mines, in Nye County, Nev.,
owned and operated by an English company. Re-
turning to San Jose about this time, he was the fortu-
nate discoverer of the North Almaden quicksilver
mines in Santa Clara County, and it was here that he
built his first quicksilver furnace. In 1872 the com-
pany was incorporated under the name of the North
Almaden Quicksilver Mining Company, and their pro-
duction, at one time, amounted to ten tons per day.
The company maintained an office in San Francisco,
but the headquarters were at the mines. Captain Har-
per being general manager and trustee of the com-
pau}-. The ground on which the mines were located
was leased, and on the expiration of the lease, they
were unable to secure a renewal, and in 1876, the com-
pany was dissolved. Captain Harper then removed to
Sinaloa, Mexico, taking charge of the silver mines of
the Alacan Mining Company of San Francisco. Upon
his return to the United States, he was recommended
to the British government, and was designated as
"Her Majesty's Inspector of Mines." His territory
was confined to British Columbia, and he was thus
engaged for two years. He was instrumental in erect-
ing the first .gold mine smelter in Cariboo. Upon
severing his relations with the English government,
he returned to San Jose, and took charge of the Mari-
posa County mines; also the Red Cloud mines, in
which capacity he worked for two years; then for six
years, he travelled in Mexico for an English com-
pany, as mine inspector, traveling from Mexico City
to the northern boundary; he then purchased the New
Almaden mines in Mexico for an American company,
and erected the first continuous quicksilver furnace in
Mexico; he was with this company for two years.
Upon his return to San Jose, he purchased the Santa

Teresa quicksilver mines for a company in Boston,
Mass.; also purchasing wdiat was known as the "Old
Chapman" mine, operating both of these mines for
three years; he again returned to Mexico, this time
purchasing a mine in the state of Chihuahua, and for
almost a year he operated this mine. He was obliged,
on account of the revolution and unsettled conditions,
to abandon his project, and was fortunate enough to
escape unharmed, although he encountered many
hardships, and was obliged many times to fight for
his life. He has large and valuable interests in
Chihuahua, but is unable to look after them on ac-
count of the conditions there. In all Captain Harper
has made sixty-eight trips to Mexico and return. Still
following the line of work he was best fitted for, in
19U7, he became a mine examiner, and was actively
engaged as a mine inspector for seven years, and be-
cause of his varied experience in all manner of mines,
he is considered one of the experts on mining in the
United States. He has held the position of examiner
of mines not only for the British government, but for
the American government, and now, although ad-
vanced in years, is consulted when something unusual
comes up. He has personally inspected every mine
of consequence, from British Columbia to Peru, Bo-
livia, and Chile, South America. He was referred to
as the junior expert, and for years travelled with
George Hearst, the father of William R. Hearst, who
was knowm as the senior adviser. When questions of
valuation of mining property came up, the junior ex-
pert was always consulted, and his advice often de-
cided the case. Since 1914, he has been obliged to
seek a rest from his active duties, but is often called
in consultation, regarding valuations and productive-
ness of mining properties. At one time he was the
owner of large real estate interests in Santa Clara
County, but now his interests are centered in mining
property; he owns twenty acres of mineral land near
Almaden and is also interested in inines in Mariposa
County, Cal.

Capt. Harper's first marriage on February 22, 1877,
united him with Miss Emma Farnsworth, a native of
San Jose, a daughter of Thomas and Sarah Farns-
worth, whose father removed to California as early as
1852 and farmed at Evergreen. Mrs. Harper was edu-
cated in the public schools of San Jose, later attend-
ing the State Normal School. Three children were
born to Captain and Mrs. Harper; William, a mining
engineer employed in Yuma, Ariz.; Marie, deceased in
1917, and Emma, who entered a convent in San Fran-
cisco. There are four grandchildren, the children of
William Harper — William, Jr., Richard, Emma and
Margaret. Mrs. Harper passed away in 1886. The
second marriage in 1907 of Captain Harper united
him with Mrs. Philomena Glubetich, a native of Dal-
matia, her people being pioneers of California in 1870;
she passed away October 2, 1921. Politically Captain
Harper is a stalwart supporter of the principles of the
Republican party. He has a large acquaintance with
prominent men of national fame and was a close
friend of Senator John P. Jones, George Hearst, Irv-
ing and Flenry Scott, Mike and Charles De Young,
Senators Fair and Stanford and David McKinley; also
was a close friend of many eastern men of prominence
and national repute. He speaks the Spanish language
fluently. Fraternally he is a Mason, Eagle and an
Odd Fellow. Looking back on a highly useful life,
he is able to review his career with the satisfaction
which vcrj' properly comes of the knowledge that no

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

733

taint or blemish lias attached to his name, that Iionor
and integrity have characterized all his transactions,
that an unselfish spirit has actuated him in his per-
sonal dealings with his fcllowmen, and that in all
ways he has done what he could to make the world a
little better as the result of a well-planned and well-
spent lite.

SAM B. LOWE. — A member of one of the honored
pioneer families of California, Sam B. Lowe is widely
and favorably known in San Jose, where he is now
serving as financial clerk on the board of supervisors
of Santa Clara County and is discharging the duties
of this position conscientiously and eflicicntly. He
was born May 28, 1872, a son of Waldo H. and Eliza
J. (Whiteman) Lowe, the former of whom was born
in Newburyport, Mass., while the latter was a native
of Missouri. She arrived in California at an early
period in the development of the state, coming to
Santa Clara County with the Pyle-W^hiteman party
in 1846. She died in 1919 at the age of seventy-five
years. Mr. Lowe was a brother of Ralph and
Tames R. Lowe, the family having come to California
via Panama in the early '50s. Waldo Lowe died in
1879. His father was named James R. Lowe, and his
mother was before her marriage Mary Tuckwell.
J. R. Lowe was born in Chesterfield, England, in 1808
and was educated as a landscape gardener and horti-
culturist. It was his fame from his native land that
led him to come to America and he executed some
very fine pieces of landscape gardening in the East.
In 1852 he came to California and with his family
located in San Jose and engaged as a landscape gar-
dener and was the means of bringing here and propa-
gating many valuable plants and trees, a work to
which he was devoted up to the time of his death
in 1874. He was at one time a member of the city
council. Mr. and Mrs. Waldo H. Lowe became the
parents of four children, all residents of Santa Clara
County: Sherburne W., a rancher of Cupertino; Sam
B., of this review; Waldo H., Jr., connected with
the Bank of San Jose, and Mary R. O'Keefe, also
of Cupertino.

After completing his high school course at San
Jose, Sam B. Lowe was for a short time a student
at Pacific University and when eighteen years of age
started out in life independently, working at odd
jobs while still pursuing his studies. Going to Ag-
new, in Santa Clara County, he there opened the
first general merchandise store in the locality, acting
as postmaster of the town at the same time. For
thirteen years he successfully conducted his mercan-
tde establishment at Agnew and then sold his in-
terest to Messrs. Lewis and King, after which he
came to San Jose. Two years later he secured a
clerical position in the office of the county clerk and
has since been identified with various departments
of the county. Since 1919 he has been financial clerk
of the board of supervisors of Santa Clara County
and IS well qualified for this position, proving sys-
tematic, prompt, and reliable in the discharge of "his
responsible duties. He also has other interests, being
associated with his sister and brothers in the owner-
ship and operation of a valuable ranch of eighty
acres at Cupertino, devoted to the raising of berries
and other products. This was a part of a quarter-
section of land that was taken up from the govern-
ment by Mr. and Mrs. Lowe.

In San Francisco, Cal., on May 31, 1902, Mr. Lowe
was united in marriage to Miss Annie M. Wade, a

native of Alvlso, and a daughter of Harry O. and
AIar\- Wade. The hither, a native of England, came
to the United States as a boy and subsequently made
his way to California, arriving during the pioneer
epoch in its history. In the early days he ran a stage
between San Jose and Alviso and he afterward be-
came an extensive stock raiser and successful
ranclier. To Mr. and Mrs. Wade were born three
children: George, residing in Alviso; Margaret, the
wife of J. P. Higgins, oi^ San Jose; and Annie M.,
now Mrs. Lowe.

Air. Lowe gives his political allegiance to the Re-
publican party and fraternally he is connected with
the Masons, belonging to San Jose Lodge No. 10,

F. & A. M.. and to San Jose Parlor No. 22, N. S.

G. W. He has led an active and useful life, utiliz-
ing every opportunity to advance, and his present
success is entirely attributable to his close applica-
tion and laudable ambition. His personal character-
istics are those which make for popularity and he
has many warm friends in Santa Clara County.

ROBERT SCOTT.— A man of wide experience
and famous as one of Santa Clara County's success-
ful inventors, the late Robert Scott well deserves an
honorable place in the annals of the Golden State.
He was born in London, Ontario, Canada, on July
29, 1840, the son of William Scott, a brick and stone
mason, a native of Edinburgh, who, migrating to
Canada, became one of the pioneer settlers in West-
minster. As early as 1863 Robert Scott came out
to California and traveled through the state doing
stone and brick mason work; and he helped to build
the old Palace Hotel and also the Hot Springs
Hotel at Paso Robles, and after that he went to
work at the Almaden mines.

The old adobe furnaces were not giving satisfac-
tory service, and this circumstance led our subject
to study the needs of the miner; and in time he in-
vented and patented the Scott furnace for cinnabar
mines, a contrivance which, once it was installed
at Almaden, became a great success. Since that
time, he has installed many of these furnaces, for
quicksilver extraction, in California, Oregon, Nevada
and Mexico; and he even made a trip to Spain to
install one there. He was also negotiating with the
Chinese government to install a Scott furnace for it,
and had a contract to install one of his furnaces at
Marathon, Texas, but his untimely death prevented
the carrying-out of the contract.

At San Jose, in 1881, Mr. Scott was married to
Miss Sarah Walters, a daughter of Walter Walters,
who had married Miss Sarah Scott, and a native of
London, Canada. Her father was a native of Eng-
land, and her mother a native of New York; and
together they migrated to Canada so early that Mrs.
Scott was born there. Mr. Walters was a farmer,
and he had a large family, among wdiom Sarah was
the youngest. One son, Robert Walter Scott, was
born to this worthy couple, and he is now a rancher
on the Mt. Hamilton Road. The family have been
Presbyterians. Mr. Scott made his home at Alma-
den for about twelve years, and then, in 1895, came
to San Jose, and built a home at 498 South Eleventh
Street. For over sixty years he was a Mason, in
which ancient order he had reached the Thirty-sec-
ond degree. Mrs. Scott is an active member of the
Eastern Star.

On June 22, 1920, Mr. Scott was killed in a dis-
tressing automobile accident. He was leaving his

734

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

home with another man, in the latter's car, when a
large truck struck the machine, rendering him un-
conscious; and inside of four days he died. His
funeral was conducted by the Masonic fraternity.
His tragic death was widely deplored by the com-
munity, where he was held in high esteem.

JOHN LAFAYETTE MAGEE — Success has
crowned the efforts of John Lafayette Magee, who
for many years concentrated his labors and atten-
tion upon farming, but is now retired from the ac-
tive fields of life, while he is enjoying the fruits
of his former toil, oecupjdng a pleasant home at 195
A'iola Street, San Jose. He was born on a farm near
Macon City, Mo., February 12, 1841, a son of Sam-
uel Lewis and Mary Jerusha ( March) Magee, both
natives of Bourbon Countj', Ky., removing to Mis-
souri about 1835, wdiere the family engaged in farm-
ing for a livelihood. In 1850 he crossed the plains
to California, remaining till 1851 when he returned
home via Panama intending to bring his family to
California, but was taken sick and died at Moiuid
City, 111., on the trip from New Orleans to Iowa.

When John L. was twelve years of age, his mother
removed to Davis County, Iowa, and settled on
a farm near Bloomfield. There he received his edu-
cation, his spare time being in helpin.g his mother
on the farm. Although married and farming, in Feb-
ruary, 1864, he enlisted for service to his countrj'
in Company E, Third Iowa Cavalry, under Captain
Spencer, and served in the Army of the Cumberland.
He was trained for a short time at Keokuk, Iowa,
and was then sent to Benton Barracks at St. Louis.
In the spring of 1864, his regiment was sent to
Gravelly Spring, Ala., then to Macon, Ga., and at
South Selma, Ala., were in an engagement; also were
in the battle at Columbus, Ga., one of the last of the
Civil War. In the pursuit of General Price, at the
present site of Pleasanton, Kas., they had a battle
and Mr. Magee's horse was shot from under him.
The battle was fought on a fiat piece of prairie with
an unobstructed view of both the Federal and Con-
federate lines, which resulted in the capture of the
Confederate officer, General Marmaduke. The town
of Pleasanton, named for General Pleasanton, who
was in command of Federal forces, was afterwards
built on the site of the battle. After his discharge
at Davenport, Iowa, he returned to his home, where
he engaged in farming until 1869, when he moved to
Saunders County, Xebr., and took uj) a homestead,
also purchased eighty acres in addition. He remained
on the farm until 1888, when he sold his property and
removed to \'alparaiso, the same county, where he
established a general merchandise business, which oc-
cupied him for eleven years.

In 1899 Mr. Magee removed to California and re-
tired from active business life. He has made nine
trips across the continent, visiting his old home and
renewing old friendships. The first marriage of Mr.
Magee occurred January 19, 186,1 and imiled liim
with Miss Nancy A. Tharp, a daughter of Abner
and Sarah Tharr>, born and reared in Davis County,
Iowa. Her father was a farmer and an early pioneer
of Iowa. The\' were the parents of nine children;
Flora L., now Mrs. Hurtt, residing at Huntington
Park, Cal., is the mother of four children — Weaver,
Roy, Flov and Stanley. The grandson, Weaver
Hurtt, has a wife and three children — Merle, Helen
and Bruce. Roy Hurtt has a wife and two children —
Tv ("named after Ty Cobb, the famous baseball play-

er) and the baby; Floy Hurtt is married and has
two children — Florine and a baby; Stanley Hurtt is
married and has one child — Robert; Oliver N. first
married Annie Scoville and they had one daughter,
Rosalie. His second marriage united him with Miss
Nellie Throop and they had five children — Harold,
Ethel, who is Mrs. Foreman and has a son, Richard;
Elmer, Helen, and Woodrow Wilson, the latter born
the day Woodrow Wilson was inaugurated president.
Harold Magee is married and has two children.
Oliver N. Magee passed away in 1918. Carry Bell
is the wife of Charles Allen, a member of the Board
of Education of San Jose, and they are the parents of
three children — Marie, now Mrs. Woodward, living at
VVatsonville; Edith, and Charles Sumner, Lewis J.
married Miss Price and they have four children —
Wallace, Kenneth, Doris and Rosalie, and the family
reside in Idaho; Edwin E., a clothing merchant of
Scotts Bluff, Nebr., married Miss Edna Meserve and
they were the parents of two children — John Bruce,
and Edwin, Jr. By his second marriage he had two
children — Martha Elizabeth, and Lloyd George. Mary
L. inarried Mr. Brown of San Jose, and they are the
parents of one child, Forest; Abner Bruce passed
away at the age of nineteen years. James L. of Long
Beach is the father of four children — Mary, deceased,
John Paul, Eleanore, and Louise. Anna Helen is now
Mrs. Gordon of Los Angeles, Cal. Mr. Magee's first
wife died in Valparaiso, Nebr., in 1894.

The second marriage of Mr, Magee occurred at
Reno, Nev., April 29, 1902, and united him with Miss
Martha T. Hunter, born in Renfrewshire, Scotland,
a daughter of John and Jean (Faulds) Hunter. Her
father was a merchant in Scotland. Mrs. Magee came
to America when a young woman and settled in San
Jose. Fraternally Mr. Magee is a member of the
Modern Woodmen, and has been identified with this
order since 1890. In national politics, he is a Demo-
crat; is also active in G. A. R. circles, being a mem-
ber of the Sheridan Dix post of San Jose, and is past
commander, having served in 1915. Mrs. Magee is a
member of the Ladies of the G. A. R. and the Relief
Corps of San Jose. Among the most valued of keep-
sakes of the family are the letters written to his first
wife during the Civil War. Mr. Magee's years of
activity on the farm and in business have told on
him and although he had always been strong and
lieart\- in 1915 he was stricken with paralysis but he is
able to be around and his mind is alert and he is sur-
rounded by his family of whom he is very proud. He
has ever manifested the deepest interest in questions
of puldic concern and the three greatest public move-
ments he has engaged in during his life and which all
won the day are the emancipation of the negro,
woman's suffrage and the placing of the Ei,ghteenth
.Vmendment as a part of the Constitution of the
I'nited States, making a success of Prohibition, of
which he has always been such a staunch supporter.
WILLIAM FRANCIS HOQUE.— No profession
is more useful or important than that of relieving
the sufferings of mankind, and William F. Hoque
has, through his cancer remedies, been able to as-
suage the suffering of many since he has taken up
the work left bv his father, the late Francis Marion
Hoque. W. F. Hoque was born m Jackson County,
Mo.. December 25, 1872. a son of Francis Marion
and Mclissee (Good) Hoque; the former was born
in Clay County, Mo., in 1844, a son of James M.
Hoque^ a pioneer of Clay County who had migrated

'^ Ji.ifh.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTN'

7,V

from South Carolina in tliu curly 'JOs. James M.
was a man of many resourcL-s. investing in govern-
ment lands upon whicli he eondueted a large sugar
plantation; his individual brand of maple sugar, mar-
keted under his own laliel, being the most note-
worthy. He died in 1884, a,ged eighty-six.

Severe reverses were sut^fered during the Civil
War and tlie Hoipie family moved to Kansas City,
where F. M. Hoipie established a general merchan-
dise business and earried it on until 1875, when he
sold out and migrated to California, locating in Santa
Clara County near San Jose. Melissee Good Ho<|ue
was born and reared in Ra>- County, Mo., where
her parents were hi.ghly esteemed. Two of her
brothers survived service during the Civil War.

The early records of the Hofiue family show French
and German ancestry, and the cancer remedy dates
back to the old country and the formula has been
handed down from generation to generation for
over one hundred years, and thousands of cures have
been effected by its application. h\ M. Hoque es-
tablished and maintained his manufactory and busi-
ness headciuarters in Los Angeles, but always made
San Jose his home. His successful practice covered
a period of thirty-five years and many thousands are
grateful to him for relief from their intense suffer-
ings. He was a man of keen intellect and was highly
esteemed by all who knew him. He died on Feb-
ruary 2. 1921. He was an active member of the
Masons for over fifty years and held the first manual
of the San Jose Chapter; and he was also a member
of the Odd Fellows. Mrs. Hoquc passed away some
time prior to the death of her husband; and they
were survived by four sons and one daughter: AVil-
liam F. ; .\. Luster, deceased, is survived by his
widow and two sons and a daughter who reside in
San Jose. He was a department manager for O. A.
Hale & Company up to the time of his death in 1919;
James E. resides with his wife and two sons on a
ranch at Ceres. Stanislaus County; Annie May is
the wife of P. H. Hilderbrand and they reside in
San Luis Obispo with their two sons and one
daughter; and LeRoy is married and has two boys.

For several years William F. Hoque was the mana-
,ger for the Hoque Cancer Remedies, wdiich have be-
come widely known all over California. He is a keen
liusiness man with progressive ideas and very wisely
invested his profits in lands in Santa Clara. Madera,
and Stanislaus Counties. These properties he has
partially improved and sold at comfortable advances.
One of his latest investments was in apartment house
property in San Jose, when he became interested in
the purchase of the Don Felipe Apartment house
building. Mr. Hoque is a liberal patron of all pro-
gressive local enterprises, is broadminded and well-
informed, a typical representative of the wideawake,
lar,ge hearted pioneer.

The marriage of W. F. Hoque united him with
Miss Bertha Merriweather. born in San Benito
County in 1877, a daughter of David and Amanda
Merriweather, both born in New York State, and who
crossed the plains in the early SO's and settled at
Mission San Jose. There the father engaged ex-
tensively in the sheep business. Mr. and Mrs. Hoque
have four children: William D. and Elmer A. are
ranching; and Herbert and Florence are attending
school. The two eldest sons enlisted for service
in the U. S. Navy for service during the World War,
from Stanislaus County and after their discharges

returned to that county and are ranching near Mo-
desto. In his national i)olitical convictions W. F.
Ho(|ue is a Democrat, but locally he is broadminded
and supi)orts the men and measures he considers
best .suitcfl for llu- interests of the county and the
people. He is always ready and willing to do his
pan to promote the greatest good to the greatest
number antl st.ands high in the commimity.

FRANK W. COOMBS.— The standing of Frank
\\ . Coond)s is vouched for from the fact that for
tbn-ty-tuo years be has occupi.-d the position of
cinei engineer at tile State Hospital at Agnew. A
native son. he was born at Stockton. Cal., January 7,
1862. the son of William L. Coondjs, an early settler
of Cahfornia, wdio came via the Isthmus of Panama
in 18,=i2. His grandfather, Samuel Coombs, was
born September 1, 18,?2 at Waldo, Maine. Frank W.
IS the descendant of a Massachusetts family of dis-
tinction, his great-great-grandfather on the' paternal
side having served in a Massachusetts regiment dur-
ing the Revolutionary War. The grandfather, Sam-
uel Coombs, was horn in IMaine and brought up on
a farm. He later embarked in the lumber business
and located at Bangor, Maine, where he resided un-
til his death at a comparatively early age. He mar-
ried Miss Sarah Mayhew. born in Maine, the daugh-
ter of a soldier of the War of 1812. She survived
her husband, came to California with her son Wil-
liam L. Coombs, and passed away in Stockton in her
eighty-first year.

William L. Coombs was brought up and educated
m Bangor. Maine, and from early boyhood worked
in the lumber yard and mill. Starting' for California
in the spring of 1852, they arrived in San Francisco
the same year and went directly to Stockton. For
a time he was engaged in mining in the southern
mines, but later accepted a position in a store in
Stockton. He located in San Jose in 1868. engaging
first in the laundry business but later assumed the
responsible position of chief engineer of the San Jose
high school. In Stockton. Cal.. Mr. Coombs married
Miss Emma E. Griswold, a native of New York
State, and they are the parents of two children. Ed-
ward and Frank W., of this review. Mr. Coombs
died in San Jose in 1916. aged eighty-four, his widow
.survives at the age of eighty, hale and hearty and in
full possession of all her faculties
^ Frank W. attended the Horace }ilann school in
San Jose. When about seventeen years of age he
was employed as fireman by the Southern f'acific
Railway Company and remained with them for six
years. He then spent two years in Washington, and
in October. 1888, he became an engineer at the State
Hospital at Agnew and has creditably filled this
position for thirty-two years, working his way to his
present position as chief engineer. On April 16.
1890. at Stockton, he was married to Miss Frances
Boehm, daughter of Jacob and Mary (Haas) Boehm,
born and reared in Oregon City, Ore. They are the
parents of one son, Leonard Tracy, who saw service
in the heavy artillery during the late war. and after
his discharge became traffic engineer for the Pacific
Telephone and Telegraph Company at San Fran-
cisco and is now maintenance engineer for that com-
pany. He .graduated from the University of Cali-
fornia in 1913 in mechanics and electricity.

Mr. Coombs has been a member of Garden City
Lodge I. O. O. F.. since 1880. Politically he is a
stanch Republican. The family reside at 98 North

738

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Fifth Street, San Jose, in a house which was erected
forty j'cars ago. He has always been interested in all
movements that pertain to the general welfare of the
community and his cooperation can be counted upon
to further any measures for the public good.

HAMILTON C. WHITNEY— Prominent among
the substantial representative citizens of Santa Clara
County whose fortunes have come to them as the
reward of their own perseverance and indomitable
energy is Hamilton C. Whitney, who is now living
in retirement at his home in San Jose. A study of
the record of his long and useful life doubtless will
prove a source of profit and inspiration to many young
men of today who embark upon self-supporting
careers no better equipped than he. Mr. Whitney was
born m Wellsville, N. Y., October 13, 1834, a son of
H. C. Whitney, also a native of New York. Remov-
ing from New York State to Ohio his father was en-
gaged in farming, and there he passed away; his
mother having died when he was but a babe in
arms. In 1847 he accompanied the family of William
Whitney, although no relation, to Michigan, where
he engaged in work on farms.

The marriage of Mr. Whitney occurred on May
21, 1854, and united him with Miss Olive Whitney,
the daughter of Eli Whitney, a native of New York.
She was born in Seneca County, Ohio, June 12, 1836.
Mr. and Mrs. Whitney removed to Warren, 111., and
were farming at the outbreak of the Civil War. In
July, 1862, Mr. Whitney volunteered and enlisted in
Company B, Ninety-sixth Illinois infantry. During
the great Battle of Chickamauga, he was wounded
by a ball which penetrated his left lung, passing en-
tirely through his body; he lay on the battlefield
from the afternoon of September 20 to the evening of
the 28th, when he was picked up by Confederate sol-
diers. It seems almost impossible that a human be-
ing could survive the terrible agony and suffering he
endured those eight days. He was paroled on the
battlefield and spent three months in the field hos-
pital, when he was well enough to return home.
Two months later he was sent to the hospital at Chi-
cago, and on July 28, 1864, he was honorably dis-
charged. Immediately he returned to his home in
Illinois, but was never able thereafter to engage in
farming.

In 1877 he came to Greenville, Plumas County,
California, and engaged in butchering, then he re-
moved to Utah for a short time and conducted a store
at Park City. During the year of 1886, Mr. Whit-
ney removed to Templeton, San Luis Obispo County,
California, where he became postmaster from 1892
to 1900; then he migrated to Oakland, and it was
here that he retired from active life, purchasing a
home in the beautiful residential district of Piedmont,
The charms of the beautiful Santa Clara Valley ap-
pealed to him as a more restful place to spend his
declining years, and in the fall of 1914 he removed,
with his family to Los Gatos, where he resided for a
number of years; recently he purchased a fine resi-
dence property at 357 North Nineteenth Street, San
Jose, and is enjoying the comforts of a modern home,
content to spend his remaining days in the Garden
City of California. Mrs. Whitney is a direct descend-
ant of the Whitney family of colonial days; her father
served in the War of 1812; her grandfather was in
the Revolutionary War, and other members of her
family were prominent in early American history. On

May 21, 1904, Mr. and Mrs. Whitney celebrated their
golden wedding anniversary; fifty friends enjoyed the
hospitality of their beautiful home in the Piedmont
hills. Mr. Whitney is a staunch Republican in his
national politics, and cast his first vote for Abraham
Lincoln in 1864. Mrs. Whitney cast her first ballot
while a resident of Utah, although it was for local offi-
cers only. Fraternally, Mr. Whitney is a Knights
Templar Mason; also a member of the Sheridan Dix
Post No. 7, G. A. R., San Jose, with his wife he is a
member of O. E. S. Two children were born to Mr.
and Mrs. Whitney; Frank E., an invalid since 1856,
passed away in 1897; Clarence Eugene was married
to Miss Luela May Beebe, and they now reside in
Campbell, California.

Following is a poem written by Mrs. Olive Whit-
ney, and dedicated to her husband May 21, 1904, the
fiftieth anniversary of their wedding, and entitled,
"Reminiscence of Life's Journey":

Fond memories come crowding around,

As I sit and muse today.
On the joys and sorrows I have found

Along life's checkered way.

My thoughts will backward turn to you.

And the far, far distant past,
And I wonder if it can be true.

That time has flown so fast.

'Twas fifty years ago, dear heart,

Just fifty years ago,
When you and I first made the start

For Life, come weal or woe.

And well we knew that we must meet.

As we journeyed on together.
Somewhere on life's crooked street.

Storms as well as sunny weather.

We did not mind the hardships

Nor were the long days sad.
For we were toiling for each other,

And this made our j'oung hearts glad.

We were very, very young, then, dear.
Scarce eighteen years and twenty.

Of earthly cares we had no fears.
For we had love in plenty.

With us time glided swiftly, fleet,

For two short years and more.
Then we thought our joy complete.

With a gift from heaven's shore.

Of a wee, tiny, little bud.

While we were scarce in life's flower.
But we thought God was very good.

And we blessed him every hour.

Thus time sped sweetly, swiftly by.

And we had just begun.
To think all was sunshine in our sky.

Then came the cloud of '61.

Aye, the dark, dark cloud of war had rolled

All o'er our own fair land
When every loyal man was called

To meet the rebel band.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

741

Then came tlie darkest shadow

That ue had ever known,
When you « ere called to go,

And -we were left alone.

Those times tried men's souls, dear heart.

And women's, too, as well,
When with you we were forced to part
And in suspense to dwell.

But we weathered the storm and you returned

All bent, and maimed, and sore.
But the lesson that you in the war had learned

Made vou appreciate home the more.

Oh, that was a sad, sad time, dear,

I could not stay the falling tear.
When the little boy you loved, dear,

Fled from you in fear.

But the time flew quickly by, dear,

And then to us was given
Another precious bud, dear.

Fresh from the gates of Heaven.

While our first born lived we were ne'er alone,

He was with us many years.
And wdien the angels called him home.

We wept most bitter tears.

But our baby boy is with us yet.

And although to manhood grown,
;My mother's heart cannot forget

And I claim him still my own.

Another now on him has claim.

And I am very glad he sought her;

I do not lose my son, but gain
A darling little daughter.

Yes time has sped on dear,

And come storms or sunny weather.

We'll stand up for the right
And face our lot together.

And when the time shall come at last.

That we are called away,
For the time between us, to be quickly past

I most earnestly pray.

And when we meet on the other shore,

Where earthly toils are done,
We'll take up life and start once more

On a journey well begun.

And when we gain that happy land

In truth we'll strive to grow
Still united in heart and hand

As fifty years ago.

Now in the sunset of life, with many years of ac-
tivity behind them, one may safely predict for Mr.
and Mrs. Whitney years of peace and prosperity,
which accompany their success and prestige which
they so richly deserve.

CHAUNCEY H. WHITMAN.— For twenty-
seven years Chauncey H. Whitman has been engaged
in the liardv\are business at Campbell, and during
that period he has built up a reputation as one of
the most reliable ami enterprising merchants of the
town. A native of Wisconsin, he was born in Win-
nebago County, near Omro, April 6, 1861, a son of
Benjamin H. and Martha (Ross) Whitman, both
now deceased. After graduating from the schools
of bis state, be engaged in the hardware business,
which he followed in Wisconsin, Ortonville, Minn.,
and Centerville, S. D., until he decided to make
California his future home. In 18')5 he arrived in San
Jose, and purchased an orchard near Campbell, and
on March first of that year opened his present estab-
lishment at Campbell, which he has since success-
fully conducted. He carries a large and well-assorted
stock of shelf and heavy hardware, also handles
paints and oils, and conducts a complete plumbing
business. With the passing years his business has
enjoyed a continuous growth, having now assumed
large proportions.

Mr. Whitman married Mrs. Mary (Ayres) Davis,
of Illinois, and they have .a large circle of friends in
Campbell. He is a Knight Templar and a thirty-
second degree Scottish Rite Mason, and a member
of Islam Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., San Fran-
cisco. Mr. Whitman is now the pioneer merchant
in Campbell, which has given him the well-merited
title as dean of the business inen. He is an ac-
tive member of the Campbell Improvement Club
and a charter member of the San Jose Com-
mercial Club, and in matters of citizenship he
is loyal, progressive, and public-spirited.

WILLIAM SHERMAN GARDNER.— A repre-
sentative citizen of California, keenly interested in
all the problems pertaining to progressive horti-
culture, agriculture and the development and advance-
ment of the county is William Sherman Gardner, an
orchardist living southwest of San Jose on Phelps
Avenue. He was born in Santa Clara County at the
old Kenyon hoinestead on Homestead Road, Decem-
ber 13, 1864, the son of Daniel and Sarah (Kenyon)
Gardner, the former born in Ohio, the latter a native
of Missouri. Daniel Gardner came in an ox team
train to California in 1850, wdien twenty-three years
old, and after spending some time in the mines in
Northern California, came on to Santa Clara County
in 1853 and settled on part of the Quito Ranch.
Later he bought 167 acres on the McCall Road and
farmed there; he also set out fifty-five acres of
orchard, among the first to set out fruit trees in
that section. He died there at the age of eighty-
seven years, the mother preceding him about one
year, at the age of sixty-seven. Grandfather James
M. Kenyon also brought his family across the plains
in the early '50s and was a pioneer of this county.
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Gardner were the parents of
six children; W^illiam S., the subject of our sketch;
Frank and Clarence H., deceased; Fred H. resides
on a part of the home place, as do Mrs. Mattie D.
Hannon and Alice IM., who became the wife of F. D.
Sanders. During the Civil War, Daniel Gardner was
a lieutenant of a militia company formed in Cali-
fornia but was never called out of the state; he re-
ceived his commission from Governor Stanford. He
was always an adherent of the Republican party.

William Sherman Gardner enjoyed the advantages
of the public school system in the district of Sara-

7A'j.

[{ISTURV OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

tOHa, also helping his fatlier on the farm. When he
hecamc of age he engaged as a fruit grower and
operated a ranch of his own. At Saratoga on June
18, 1890, Mr. Gardner was married to Miss Hattie
Smith, also a native of California, born in San Fran-
cisco, and the adopted daughter of Mr. and Mrs.
G. M. Smith. Her father was Jami'S Harris Ham,
a native of Portland, Mahie, who came around the
Horn to San Francisco in about 1854. A passenger
on the same sailing vessel was Miss Harriet Hill
Brown, who was born in New Hampshire, and the
acquaintance thus made cuhninated in their marriage
in San Francisco. Mr. and Mrs. Gardner became
the parents of four children: Winnifred, deceased:
Lillian; William Raymond; and Daniel Harris. In
religious faith, they are afliliated with the Congre-
.gational Church.

FATHER JEROME SEXTUS RICARD, S. J.—
Distinguished .among the already large number of
scholarly leaders in the Roman Catholic Church in
America, Father Jerome Sextus Ricard, director of
the Observatory of the I'niversity of Santa Clara, and
popularly termed, on account of his remarkable suc-
cess in predicting weather changes, the Padre of the
Rains, has come to be especially famous along the
Pacific Coast, and has conferred additional fame on
the steadily-developing institution of learning with
whicii he has been so long and actively identified. He
has also set the scientific world to thinking about
several matters of profound interest, including the
sun-spot conundrum, concerning wliich he has a
theory of his own; and if all the fellon' scientists in
the universe do not exactly agree with him, be lias
at least caused them to sit up and notice the exist-
ence and the industry of the ITniversity of Santa
Clara, and has directed their thoughts frequenth-
toward one of the garden spots of the Golden State.

He was Ijorii at Plaisians, near Avignon, France,
on January- 21, 1850, a son of Leger and Mary Ann
(liysartel) Ricard. the only one of seven children in
America, the rest of the family being three brothers
and three sisters. His grandfather, Joseph Ricard,
was a substantial French peasant, and his father fol-
lowed the same rural occupation, on which account
our subject, too, worked on the home farm and tilled
the soil. His early education was in the common
schools of the Plaisians district; and there he was
taken up by the parish jiriest, who taught him Latin
and Greek. He then entered the Jesuit College al
Avignon, France, and there pursued a regular college
course. He then traveled extensively through Algiers
and Northern Africa, and having returned to Mar-
seilles, he took a boat for Alexandria, ligypt, bound
for Syria. His plans, however, were changed. He
stopped at Messina, then went to Naples, and after
that to Rome and Turin, anrl there he finished his
course in belles letlres; and then, meeting the
Superior of the Jesuits, on June 21, 1871, he joined
their order. He was sent to Monaco, and was sta-
tioned near the Casino, and there he studied, prepara-
tory to taking up the work of the ministry.

On September 10, 1873, he came to Santa Clara,
as one of five Jesuit students from Nortliern Italy ami
France, and he then entered the University of Santa
Clara, where he pursued a three years' course in
rational philosophy, including logic, psychology, on-
tology, cosmology and moral science. He next went
to Woodstock College in Maryland, and there pursued

the regular four years' theological course; and having
concluded the work required of him, he was or-
dained, by the late Cardinal Gibbons, in ceremonies
lasting through August 24, 25 and 26, 1886, and so
made a member of the Roman Catholic priesthood.
He then returned to Santa Clara College and became
|)rofessor of mathematics and moral philosophy; and
when, in 1890, the Observatory was installed, he de-
voted to it his spare time. Since then, under his
able leadership, the interest in the work of the Ob-
servatory has grown, and the astronomical depart-
ment has become the most widely known of all the
divisions of the University.

There is a fairly .good working telescope, with an
eight-inch objective made by Clark of Cambridge, and
mounted liy b'auth & Company, of Washington, D.
C; and there is also a complete radio receiver, 120
feet high. There is a seismographic laboratory con-
taining two instruments for recording earthquakes,
and a second telescope with a four-inch objective, to
serve as a companion, or quid, to the astronomical
camera, a brand-new camera, one of the most up-to-
date instruments in existence, being now on the way
from I'aris. There is also a fairly complete set of
meteorological instruments. Three assistant profes-
sors, all graduates of the University of Santa Clara,
are adjuncts to Father Ricard.

'Ihe vSanta Clara Observatory 'publishes a seismic
Ijulletin, which appears occasionally, and contributes
astronomical matter, from time to time, to the lead-
ing San F"rancisco and Jsan Jose papers. It also pub-
lishes an astronomical magazine devoted to astron-
omy, sun-spots and the weather, and it makes
weather observations gratis for the Government. In
many respects. Father Ricard has departed from the
old ruts, and as with Copernicus and Tycho Brake, he
lias been singled out for unfriendlj^ criticism and oppo-
sition, even perhaps to the point of persecution. He
has a new view regarding sun-spots, especially in
reference to the weather, .-md he has been prompt and
frank in making known his revolutionary theories.
The old method consisted in taking the spots in the
sun indiscriminatel\', making no distinction between
jiositioii and position, making the sum of them for a
.given month, a given year, a given period of years,
and then comparing the average sum with the known
records of sun-spots and weather for corresponding
jieriods of known weather conditions; but according
to the new method proposed by Father Ricard, sun-
spots are considered as havin.g an effect on the
weather, only when they stand on the central merid-
ian, in which case, if the}- happen to be in the North-
ern henusphere, they produce storms, on the Western
Coast of the United States; but if they are in the
Southern hemisphere they produce the opposite effect,
.and thereb\- the sun-spots account for all the weather
in the L'nited States and Canada. This is an entirely
neu- theory wdiich originated solely with Father
Ricard, and while he has been the subject of attack
and unfriendly criticism, the basic principles of his
theory have not suffered at the hands of his op-
jionents, and he has become, in consequence or
despite the opposition, world-famous. On July 8,
1921, he published his observations on sun-spots and
atmospheric waves looking back to 1913, when he
declared that daily observation revealed only a few
sun-spots and faculae, and this coincided with the year
as a stern, rare, extreme minimum. But even so, the

^ C^LOy^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

745

physical law connecting the sun-spots with highs and
lows in relation to cause and effect held as invariably
as since. The only difference has been that whereas,
throughout 1914-20, one could, by means of the spots
and faculae, account for every high and low in the
weather way. the fewness of the spots and faculae
during 1913 has left very many highs and lows un-
accounted for. Since the conclusions were reached
the review of sun-spot weather work has been pushed
back to the year 1907 with the same results. All the
highs and lows have now also been accounted for by
means of planetary conjunctions and oppositions to
which the sun-spots are originally traced.

Personally, Father Ricard is a very interesting and
congenial character, and at seventy-two is bright and
active, all of which was evident at the Golden Jubilee
Celebration in his honor at the University of Santa
Clara on May 30, 1921, which was largely attended.
It marked the fiftieth year of his entrance into the
order of the Jesuits, and the bells of fourteen mis-
sions rang forth merrily as the joyous day opened
with high mass. Graduates of Santa Clara, dignitaries
of the church, and friends and visitors, ten thousand
persons or more in all, gathered to pay homage to the
Padre of the Rains, and against the old adobe walls
of the historic mission the redwood altar at which the
mass was sung was banked with flowers, and tower-
ing high was a redwood cross standing out in a back-
ground of golden broom, so that the veteran prelate
may well be said to have taken his place in the sun.
following his prediction that for the big celebration
the skies would be bright.

The celebration commenced at eleven with a solemn
high mass, at which Father Ricard was the celebrant.
I-[is Grace, Archbishop Edward J. Hanna, of San
Francisco, preached the sermon. Assisting at the
mass were: The Rt. Rev. Joseph S. Glass, bishop of
Salt Lake City; the Rt. Rev. Thomas Grace, bishop of
Sacramento; the Rt. Rev. John J. Cantwell, bishop of
Los Angeles; Monsignor James P. Cantwell, Rev.
William Plemming of San Rafael, Rev. Thomas
O'Connell of Oakland, and Rev. Joseph P. McQuaide
of San Francisco. Thirty-three choristers, from St.
Patrick's Seminary at Menlo Park, sung the mass,
while at eleven o'clock, in various portions of the
state, fourteen historic missions tolled their bells.
Immediately following the mass, the tolling of the
bells of the Mission Santa Clara was the signal for
the alumni to rise and observe a "minute of silence"
in memory of the Santa Clara men who were killed
in the World War. Then came a public reception to
Father Ricard, and after the alumrii luncheon, ath-
letic contests, alumni election and banquet, speeches
were made by William F. Humphrey, president of the
Olympic Club and the toastmaster; Rev. Timothy L.
Murphy, president of the University; Chauncejr F.
Tramutolo, president of the Alumni Association;
Joseph Scott of Los Angeles, James A. Bacigalupi,
John J. Barrett, Senator James D. Phelan, James L
Flood, Col. Charles E. Stanton, M. Delmas, Arch-
bishop Edward J. Hanna, and, last but by no means
least. Father Ricard. The speeches commenced at
half-past eight o'clock in the evening, and an hour
later there was illuminated flying, when the celebra-
tion concluded with an aerial parade, during which
the name "Ricard" was spelled in the skies.

Apropos of the celebration. Father Ricard received
a delegation sent by aeroplane from the San Fran-

cisco Call, and gave to them a message for the great
body of his friends throughout California. In this,
transmitted, with photographs of the events of the
day, by flying machine to the Call's office in the Bay
cily, he said: "Fifty years ago I joined the Jesuits
because 1 knew that they cultivated sanctity, loved
learning and science. During my stay with them i
have been happy as a lark, and shall ever be grateful
to a kind Providence for the blessings of my vocation.
-A.vailing myself of this opportunity, I shall thank all
those who have appreciated my efforts in harmonizing
the noble science of astronomy to something practical
on behalf of Coast navigation, and the general farm-
ing and industrial interests of California and the
whole country. Your humble servant had, with this
end in view, to knock down a few antiquated ideas in
regard to sun-spots, and introduce new- ones. My
warmest thanks to Professor See, Mare Island Ob-
servatory; to the wise director of the students' ob-
servatory, Uni\ersity of California; to Dr. W. W.
Campbell of the Lick Observatory, for valuable criti-
cism ;iiid encouragement; to Prof. Walter Adams and
Prof. G. E. Hale of the Mt. Wilson Observatory, for
new lore about sun-spots; to Prof. Alex. McAdie of
Harvard, to Messrs. Beals and Willson, Weather
Bureau at San Francisco, and to R. F. Stupart, direc-
tor of the Canadian Meteorological Service."

Father Ricard has attained much distinction on
account of his predictions in regard to the weather,
verifications of his forecasts having been published
month after month. Following is given the May.
1922, schedule of predictions, published the previous
month :

May 1, still under the previous disturbance, but
rather fair. A strong high pressure wave hastening
to clear the sky.

May 2, 3, 4, fair.

May 4, a rather severe storm will invade the North-
west, be reinforced on the fifth and move to the
Southeastward over Idaho, Nevada, Utah and Ari-
zona, with some threat in California and little or no
chance for rain.

May 6, a smart cool wave driving the storm away,
continued on the seventh. (Cool wave is here synony-
mous with high pressure area.)

May 8, 10, a moderate depression passing over the
Canadian Northwest, affecting portions of the North
Pacific States and barely touching California, owing
to the resistance of high pressures on the ninth.
Nearly fair on the eleventh, fair on the twelfth and
thirteenth.

May 14, an unually severe storm will arrive from
the North Pacific ocean, land over British Columbia
and Washington, slur over Oregon and, on the fif-
teenth, make it cloudy or partly so in parts of Cali-
fornia, even as far as Tehachapi. A high pressure
area will at the same time settle on the Southern side
of the low and arrest its Southward motion.

May 17, fair here, cloudy over Northern California
and beyond to the Northwestward and Eastward.

May IS, 19, 20, another accumulating disturbance
of some intensity will run over the North Pacific
.States, producing general cloudiness, promising some
rain over there, with little change of reaching serene
California. High pressures beginning to enter on the
eighteenth.

746

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

May 21, 22, diminishing cloudiness from here to
Vancouver. Clear or partly cloudy in Soutliern Cali-
fornia.

May 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, high pressure dominant,
making it fair and increasingly warm from San Diego
to Prince Rupert, British Columbia. May 27, late
in the day, a minor disturbance (area of moderately
low barometer) will reach British Columbia and run
Eastward, with little or no effect in California, be-
yond some transient cloudiness on the twenty-eighth,
when a high pressure will take possession.

May 31, another minor depression of no conse-
quence in these parts, except a few clouds.

June 3, 4, bad wcatlier over North Pacific States;
way open down the Coast; possibly some rain in Cali-
fornia, Northern and Southern.

Conclusions: —

1. The Centennial Celebration at Santa Clara will
be held without any serious meteorological visitation.

2. The Sacramento Fair, in gay attire, will gladly
run its course unmolested.

EDWARD CARPENTER ELLET.— Prominent

among tlie various distinguished members of the fa-
mous Ellet family of American patriots may be in-
cluded Edward Carpenter Ellet of Mayfield, the father
of Alfred W. Ellet, vice-president, and Charles Ellet,
cashier of The Stanford Bank at Palo Alto and May-
field. He is a son of the late Brig. -Gen Alfred
Washington Ellet of Civil War fame. The Ellet
family originates from French Huguenot and Quaker
stock and goes back to the days of William Penn.
This family is closely related to, and descended from,
two noted pioneer Quaker families of Pennsylvania,
namely that of Thomas Lloyd and Samuel Carpenter,
both of whom were intimately connected with the
carHest Colonial history of Penn's Woodland The
Lloyd family is one of tlic most ancient and sul)-
stantial families of Great Britain, having a genealogy
which reaches back to William the Conqueror and
even to Charlemagne, Thomas Lloyd, the progenitor
of the Lloyd family in America, served many years
as Deputy Governor of Penns,\'Ivania. He was the son
of Charles Lloyd, a gentleman of rank and fortune
and of ancient family and estate called "Dolobran"
in Montgomeryshire, in North Wales. He grew up
in Wales and was educated at Oxford and is repre-
sented as possessing superior attainments joined
witlr .great Ijenevolence and activity of character.
He died in Philadelphia in 1694, aged fifty-four years.
The liistorian, Watson, in his Annals of Philadelphia,
says: "Having established his colony on the broad
principles of charity and constitutional freedom, he
iPenn) left his executive power in the hands of the
Council under the Presidency of Thomas Lloyd, an
eminent Quaker. Penn was absent about fifteen years.
Thomas Lloyd joined the Society of Friends in 1662
?nd became a higlily useful and eminent meml^er
thereof. He arrived in Pennsylvania in 1683 and died
July 10, 1694, honored by all who knew him."

The second noted progenitor of the family was
Samuel Carpenter, who was also a Quaker, a con-
temporary of, and a co-worker with, Penn. He was
born in 1650 in England, and joined Penn in Phila-
delphia in 1682; became a great merchant and very
prominent in political ways and died in 1714, being
then the treasurer of the province. Of him Watson,
the historian says: " Tlie name of Samuel Carpenter
13 connected with everything of a puldic nature in the

annals of Pennsylvania. I have seen his name at
every turn in searching the old records. He was the
Stephen Girard of his day in wealth, and the William
Sansom in -the improvements he suggested and edi-
fices which he built."

Samuel Carpenter settled near the present site of
Salem, N. J. and from the union of his daughter
to one Charles Ellet, who was of French Huguenot
extraction, was born another Charles Ellet. He was
a man of sterling quality and married Miss Mary
Israel, the daughter of Israel Israel, a Philadelphian
cf wealth, political and social standing, who was
noted in his day as a patriot, and who did much as a
member of the "Committee of Safety" to establish
y\merican Independence. From this union sprang the
great Ellet family of the Mississippi River Ram
Meet and Marine Brigade which attained undying
f:aTie during the course of the Civil War. Mary
IJlet was also a patriot, and her wonderful character
is truthfully and eloquently set forth in the following
extract from an article by John W. Forney, pub-
lished in the Philadelphia Press: "Her familiarity
with American history for seventy-five j'cars, includ-
ing many of the characters who figured in and after
the Revolution — her patriotic ancestors and descen-
dants— her own passionate love of country inherited
from one and transmitted to the other — her spotless
rtputation — entitles her, I think, more than any other
of her sex, to the appellation of the American Cor-
nelia. In writing of her, I cherish no purpose of
vain eulogy- — I write solely to preserve the record
of a remarkable life, that it may not be lost among
men, and to present an example which every Amer-
ican woman may study with pleasure and with pro-
fit. Rarely has there been such a resemblance be-
tween two persons as between the illustrous Roman
matron and Mary Ellet — both renowned for purity
of character, vigorous intellect, and a virtuous am-
bition. Their love of country was supreme."

Charles and Mary Ellet became the parents of six
sons, four of whom grew to manhood and all of whom
gained distinction and prominence, namely, Charles
Ellet, Jr , the famous engineer and inventor who or-
iginated the Naval Ram and built and commanded the
Mississippi River Ram F'leet; John I. Ellet, the pio-
neer of the West, well known to the early history
of San Francisco and San Jose; Dr. Edward Carpen-
ter F'Jlet, a well known physician at Bunker Hill,
111.; and Brig. Gen. Alfred Washington Ellet, who
was the father of the subject of the sketch.

Charles Ellet, Jr., the famous engineer, naval
genius and hero, was born in Bucks County, Pa.,
January 1, 1810, and although he grew up on a farm,
his inclinations led him to mathematics and engi-
neering pursuits. After helping to build the Chesa-
peake tV- Ohio Canal, he was able to visit Europe
for study, and completed his education in the Ecole
Polytechni(|ue in Paris, after which he became an
engineer on the Utica & Schenectady Railroad, then
en (he Erie, and subsequentlr was chief engineer of
the James e*t Kanawha Canal. In 1842 he planned
and built the first wire suspension bridge in this
country, it being a foot bridge, stringing it across
the Schuylkill River at Philadelphia. He designed
and built the first suspension bridge across the Niag-
ara River below the falls in 1847. As a matter of in-
terest and as a showing of his bold fearlessness, it may
I'c here related that he drove a team or a carriage with

C ^><_ 4=5 OPGMJ

K^ri'j'd b\ - L3.mpbE.^i ByoUiej^s: fn; ■ h'jricir'ir .'-^pt -/ -,-

HISTORY Ol' SANTA CLARA COUNTY

749

his daughter, Mary Virginia EHet, who is now Mrs.
Alary Virginia Ellet Cabell of Wasliington. D. C'.,
in the seat behind him across this bridge without an>-
side railing, swaying with every footstep, o\'er the
surging waters of the rapids below, from Canada
to the I'nited States, while thousands of terrilied
Sjieetators who were skeptical as to tlie safet\' of the
bridge, held their breaths in silent horror. Mrs.
Alary \"irginia Kllet Cabell, fornierh- of Norwood,
\ a., Init now of Washington, D. C , is, and for about
a ciuarter of a century last past, has been President
Fresidin,g of the Daughters of the American Revo-
lution, a position of honor whicli no one else has ever
held. She is an own cousin of Ex-Secretary of the
Xav,\', Josephus Daniels, and of United States Sena-
tor John Daniels of A'irginia.

Among the many important engineering works
planned and successfull\' consummated b_\' Charles
Kllet was the laying out of the temporary route of
the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad across the Cumber-
land Mountains, which was used while the great
tunnel was being made.

Charles Ellet, Jr., has the particular distinction of
bting the first to advocate a definite plan for the
use of steam rams, and suggested a plan to the Rus-
sian government by which the allied fleet before
Sebastopol might be destroyed. At the lieginning
of the Civil War in 1861, he Ijecame interested in
military matters and devoted much attention to the
use of rams in naval warfare. He sent a plan for
cutting ofT the Confederate Army at Manassas to
General McClellan, who rejected it, and Ellet then
wrote two pamphlets censuring McClellan's mode of
conducting the campaign. He urged upon the Gov-
ernment the construction of steam rams, for use on
the large rivers of the West, and after his plans had
been rejected by the Navj' Department, he presented
them in person to the Secretary of War, Edwin M.
Stanton, by whom they were approved, the rel:)els
already having taken advantage of his ideas, in the
construction of the Merrimac and several other rams
oil the coast. He was then commissioned Colonel
ol the Staff of Engineers, and converted several pow-
erful light-draft steamers on the Mississippi and
Ohio Rivers into rams. In his letter to Charles El-
let, Jr., dated April 26, 1862, Secretary Stanton made
it plain that he wanted Ellet to have a high le,gal
authority and an independent command over the Ram
Fleet. The rank of "Colonel of Staff" was the high-
est he could bestow- without the concurrent action
of the Senate, which would have caused delay, else his
commission would no doubt have been of greater dig-
nity. As it was, Mr. Stanton made it clear that his
command should be concurrent with, and not under,
the Naval Commander. Thus the Ram Fleet and the
Marine Brigade acted in closest cooperation with
the Army and was the only independent command on
the side of the Union forces, reporting direct to the
Secretary of War. With the fleet of rams thus con-
structed, he engaged in the naval battle off Mem-
phis on June 6, 1862, and sunk and disabled the entire
fleet of Confederate vessels except the ram known as
the General Van Dorn, which escaped up the river.
During the battle, Ellet was struck above the knee
by a pistol-ball, and died from the effects of his wound.

Among his most noteworthy labors, says Apple-
ton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography, was his
investigation of the hydraulics of the Ohio and Mis-

sissippi rivers, the results of which were printed by
the Smithsonian Institute at Washington. He also
publislietl at l'hiladel|)hia, as early as 18,S,S, a treatise
OM "Coast and Harbor Defences, or the Substitution
oj Steam Fatlering-Rums for Ships of War." Cur-
iously enough, his idea of the battering-ram in naval
x\arlare has been adopted b_\' every nation in the
\\orld — every cruiser, battleship and fighting craft
afloat today is built with a powerful ram-like prow,
and can be used as a ram in the destruction of an
enemy craft \\henc\er opportunity presents. But the
unix'ersal adoption of this principle proves the great-
ness of his mind and this idea.

John I. Ellet, a brother of Charles Ellet, Jr.,
settled in San Mateo County as one of its path-
breakers, in 1853, and named the town Belmont
after the two bell-shaped mounds to be found there;
he built the old Belmont Hotel, which is still stand-
ing, shipping the lumber for it around the Horn in
1853, Fie afterwards moved to San Jose. He had
two sons, John A. and Richard, and they taught in
the College at Santa Clara, until the Civil War broke
cut Then they joined the famous California 100,
and were later transferred to the Ram I'deet. John
I. Ellet left California in 1865, never to return to the
Golden State, with whose development be had had
an interesting participation. He arrived in New York
harbor on the day when Lincoln was assassinated.

Charles Rivers Ellet, a son of the preceding Charles
Ellet, Jr., was engaged at the outbreak of the Civil
V'ar in studying medicine, and he soon became as-
sistant surgeon in one of the military hospitals. In
1862 he commanded one of his father's rams in the
celebrated action at Memphis. After his father's
death, on the organization of the Mississippi Alarine
lirigade by his uncle, Alfred Washington Ellet, Jie
was appointed Colonel and when his uncle was com-
missioned brigadier-general. Col. Charles Rivers El-
let was placed in command of the Ram Fleet. Choos-
ing the ram Queen of the West as his flagship, he
made many daring expeditions on the Mississippi, and
succeeded in running the Confederate batteries at
Vicksburg after ramming the City of Vicksburg under
\'icksburg's batteries, in a most desperate and spec-
tacular dash. As he was cruising between that
stronghold and Fort Hudson, on February 10, 1863,
be made an expedition up the Red River and captured
the Confederate steamer Era and a number of other
vessels, and destroyed many stores of provisions.
After descending the river successfully, a traitorous
pilot ran his vessel aground, placing her in such a
difficult position that she was disabled by the fire
from the Confederate fort, and fell into the hands of
the enemy. Colonel Ellet would have blown up or
burned her rather than allow her to fall into the hands
of the enemy had it not been for the fact that one
of his trusted officers and a personal friend was left
lying on the deck mortall_v wounded from a musket-
ball, and for that reason the noted fighting craft was
abandoned. Colonel Ellet, however, true to the tra-
ditions of a family as renowned for its valor as for its
scientific ingenuity, made his escape by putting off
boldly on a bale of cotton, from which he was res-
cued by the Union De Soto, under his command.
During the siege of Vicksburg and afterward, he
rendered most valuable assistance to General Grant,
which was later duly recognized in official despatches,
in keeping open his communications; but in the per-

750

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

formance of this duty liis health failed, owing to the
climate, and he died suddenly in Illinois, to which
State he had retired for a brief rest.

Alfred Washington Ellet was born on October
11, 1820, on his father's farm in Bucks County, Pa.,
on the banks of the Delaware, the youngest of six
stalwart sons, and next to the youngest of a vig-
orous family of fourteen children. In 1824, his father's
family removed to Philadelphia, where Alfred entered
the city schools; but at the age of sixteen, a sudden
change in health necessitated his abandoning further
educational advantages, and he took to agricultural
pursuits. He engaged in farming near Bunker Hill,
ill, about twenty-five miles northeast of St. Louis.
This rough, out-of-door experience developed in him
a gigantic physique, and w-hen he came to man-
hood's estate, he was six feet, two and one-half inches
tall, and strong and endurmg in proportion to his
commanding size. He also developed temperate hab-
its, a strong, moral character, and an uncompromis-
ing sense of justice and right. By hard, intelligent
i idustry, he established a home both for himself and
l:is aged, widowed mother, in whose company on the
streets of Bunker Hill his fellow-citizens often saw
him — "his manner toward her ever that of a youthful
and ardent lover toward his intended bride."

The humiliating defeat of the L'nion forces at Bull
Run, so near their old home, fired Alfred Ellet's
patriotic soul; and in July, 1861, as captain of a com-
pany, raised by himself in and around Bunker Hill, he
entered the service of his country, at the Arsenal in
St. Louis, at the head of Company I, Ninth Missouri
Volunteer Infantry. This entire regiment was com-
posed of Illinois men, who had enlisted with the ex-
pectation of being mustered into an Illinois regiment,
under President Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers;
but the quota of the State was filled about a week be-
fore they were ready for muster, and so they were at
first accredited to jVIissouri, although they afterward be-
came the Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry. Captain Ellet
participated in the early and memorable Missouri cam-
paigns, under General John C. Fremont and (jcneral
S. R. Curtis, and was with his regiment in the Battle
of Pea Rid,ge. While in camp, a few weeks later, he
received an order to report to Ills brother, Colonel
of Staffs Charles Ellet, Jr., of ram fleet fame, and was
made second in command of the Mississippi River
Ram ITcet, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. As
commander of that fleet, after his brother's death, his
career was brilliant; and in recognition of his distin-
guished service on the Mississippi, the War Depart-
ment determined to enlarge his command, and on
November 1, 1862, promoted him to the- rank of
brigadier-general of volunteers and placed him in
charge of both the Ram Fleet and the Marine Brigade.
'I'his new command of the Mississippi River Marine
Brigade included the rams which did such effective
service and helped to make the thrilling record of
high patriotic endeavor and accoinplishment which
has been told in detail in the "History of the Ram
Meet and the Mississippi River Marine Brigade in
the War for the Union: The Story of the EUets and
Their Men," — a handsome, compendious volume giv-
ing the portraits and biographies of the famous par-
ticipants. In the ready adaptation of himself to the
duties of both these commands, Brigadier-General
Ellet's remarkable resourcefulness of mind amazed
even his most intimate friends. He at once mastered

the knowledge of river-craft and navigation, and so
well managed the affairs of the rams that he was
able to maintain their equipment and high standard
ot efficiency, and later organize and equip the brig-
ade. While not a military tactician, he gathered
about him those who were; and being quick to see
advantageous positions, he inspired everyone with
his unquestioned courage and skill. He was a su-
perb horseman, in action like a fierce lion stirred up
in his lair, and he maintained the most admirable per-
sonal bearing amid appalling perils. He was exact-
ing of subordinates, although generous and just in
recognition of service by inferiors, and unflinching in
Ids attitude toward the enemy. He ordered the burn-
ing of Austin, Miss., on Maj' 24, 1863, in retaliation
for information furnished by citizens to Confederates
ct General Chalmers' command, wdiich enabled the
latter to fire upon a Federal transport; and although,
like so many of the greatest Americans, he could not
escape envy and detraction, his eminent career has
given him a position in the annals of his country
where his name is imperishable. He died in Kansas
in 1895. In the National Cemetery at Vicksburg,
Ivliss., stands a bronze bust of him erected by the
Government as a tribute to his valorous services.

The Mississippi Ram Fleet and Marine Brigade
was the only independent volunteer command in the
service. It was a part of the army and not of the
navy, and as such was amenable directly to the Sec-
retary of War, and in consequence every commis-
sioned officer in it was appointed directly by the
President and the Secretary of War instead of the
governors of the states Both the fleet and the brig-
ade acted in closest cooperation under the command
of Brigadier-General Alfred W. Ellet, and though
subjected to the jealousies of certain naval command-
ers, it was a most effective force in clearing the Mis-
sissippi River, and thus played a very important part
iU winning the war for the Union. The outstanding
feature of its accomplishments was due to the bold
intrepidity of its commanding general, who, in point
o^ fearless courage, had no superior. Another thing
which contributed to his success, was the fact that
he was heart and soul in the cause against slavery
and for the preservation of the ITiion. At times
General Ellet seemed to act rashly; but his rashness
was a failing which leaned to virtue. He was a man
or strong moral conviction and character. After the
war, as a private citizen in the state of Kansas, he
espoused the cause of prohibition with the same zeal
with which he had opposed slavery, entered person-
ally into the state campaign and played a very im-
portant part in making Kansas a prohibition stale.

Edward Carpenter Ellet, the subject of this sketch,
who IS Brigadier-General Alfred Washington El-
let's oldest son, was born in Bunker Hill, 111., on
September 17, 1845, and although springing from
a family never wanting in its encouragement of the
Federal Government, he deemed it necessary to run
away from home wdien the 'VVar broke out, and en-
listed on Jul\' 15, 1861. under President Lincoln's
first call for volunteers, being mustered into service
on July 25, 1861, in Company F, Seventh Ilhnois
Regiment at the youthful age of fifteen years and
ten months, being the first one of the Ellet family
to enlist. After marching on Cape Girardeau under
General Benjamin E. Prentiss, he was transferred,
upon request of his father, to Company I, Ninth

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

751

Missouri Regiment and he remained with tliat re,t,'i-
mcnt until the War Department ordered Captain A.
W. Ellet to report to Colonel Charles Ellet, Jr., at
New Albany, Ind , with 100 picked men for special
and hazardous service. This was after the Battle
of Pea Ridge, in which Edward C. Ellet had also
participated, and after the regiment had marched to
Cross Timbers on the eastern edge of Arkansas; and
with Lieut.-Col. A. W. Ellet, Edward C. Ellet, as
one of the one hundred chosen, started to join the
then rapidly organizing Mississippi Ram Fleet. At
New Albany, he was appointed aide on Col. Ivllet's
slaf?, and carried orders to the river boats then be-
ing transformed into steam rams. He sailed with
the Ram Fleet to Fort Pillow, then undergoing its
fifty-two days of bombardment, and he was one of
a small party who, a week or so after his arrival,
planted the Stars and Stripes on that famous Con-
federate fort after its fall.

The Ram Fleet then took the lead, and moved
downt the river to Memphis, where the famous naval
battle was fought on June 6. 1862, and the Rebel
fleet was destroyed, the Union Ram Fleet suffering
the loss of its gallant commander, Col, Charles El-
let, Jr., as narrated above. Edward C. Ellet, noted
already as a dead-shot, Avas a sharp-shooter on the
flagship, Queen of the West. After the fall of Mem-
phis, the Ram Fleet moved down the river to \'icks-
burg, pluckily passing the river batteries with only
bales of cotton to protect their ship's boilers. While
in Memphis, the youthful Edward C. Ellet was one
of the four men who. under the leadership of Charles
Rivers Ellet, pushed through the raging mob then
surging the streets of Memphis to the postoffice build-
mg. and there, while stoned and fired upon by the
mob below, tore down the rebel banner, and placed
Old Glory on the staff instead, and without escort
sriely returned to the Union boats. At Vicksburg,
the rams, then under the leadership of Lieutenant-
Colonel Alfred W. Ellet, found themselves alone in a
hostile countrj', and learning that Admiral Farra-
gut was with his flagship, the Hartford, and other
naval craft below Vicksburg, Lieutenant-Colonel
Ellet decided to communicate with him, so he called
for volunteers to don citizens' clothes and steal their
way across the well-patrolled point of land. Instantly
his son Edward and three others stepped forward
and volunteered for the hazardous journey, which
they successfully made, after twice being almost cap-
tured and after having been arrested by Admiral
Porter's command, which suspected them of being
spies for the reason that they resolutely refused to
deliver their message to Admiral Porter, since they
had strict orders to deliver it to Admiral Farragut
in person. Having thus at the risk of their lives de-
livered their message to Admiral Farragut in person,
they were treated by the .great Farragut with the
utmost consideration, and were sent back up the
river with dispatches under an escort of one hundred
marines. Edward C. Ellet participated in the siege
of Vicksburg, where his command erected a defense
and battery, which successfully bombarded the city.

About this time the rebel ram Arkansas came down
the Yazoo River, ran through the northern fleets
then lying at anchor and, thinking themselves se-
cure, were commencing to clean their boilers. Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Ellet again called for volunteers, this
time to accompany him and attempt to destroy the

Arkansas by ramming her at her moorings, being then
anchored under the preelection of the Confederates'
batteries of Vicksburg. His son Edward, still a pri-
vate sharpshooter, was the first man to step forward
for the service, much to his brave father's dismay.
The trip was made. l'"or over an hour they were
under the lire of Vicksburg batteries, concentrated
on the little wooden ship. The Arkansas was struck
;ind badly damaged, but owing to an eddy in the cur-
rent, she was not destroyed. Her gunners worked
hard as the Queen of the West backed away, and
Lieutenant-Colonel Ellet and his son Edward drew
their pistols and at such close range, literally laid
the rebel gunners at their guns, effectively checking
their fire. For this gallant performance, Edward
Carpenter EUct was appointed by Congress as sec-
ond lieutenant at the same time that Lieutenant-
Colonel Ellet was made a brigadier-general.

In the meantime, Admiral D. D. Porter being away.
Admiral Farragut had run the batteries alone at
Port Hudson and was below Vicksburg, from which
point he sent word to Porter to dispatch him a cou-
ple of rams, as he was afraid of a ram-attack from
the rebels. In response, Colonel Charles Rivers El-
let. commanding the Switzerland, and Colonel John
A. Ellet, who was the son of John I. Ellet, the Cali-
fornia pioneer heretofore mentioned, commanding
the Lancaster, were designated to run the batteries
of Vicksburg, and report with their rams to Admiral
Farragut below. The Lancaster was sunk by the
heavy shell fire from the shore and upper batteries;
and the Switzerland had her boilers and steam pipes
burst, but floated down the river out of range.
Lieutenant Edward C. Ellet was on the Switzer-
land, which was soon enveloped in steam, so that aJl
the negroes in the engine room were scalded. A
shot, weighing 120 pounds, had pierced the boiler,
and even on deck the heat was intense to suffoca-
tion. The engineer, Granville Robarts, a relative of
the general, seeing the danger, stopped the engines
and saved himself by jumping overboard into the
river; then he caught hold of the slow moving wheel,
which lifted him to the plank used by the deck-hands
to dip up water, climbed back onto the deck after the
heat had subsided, and went back to the boiler room
after the explosion.

Lieutenant Edward C. Ellet served on the staff of
General Ellet until the close of the w-ar, and during
that time he was appointed special messenger to take
to Washington captured Confederate currency to the
amount of $1,800,000; this he carried in two satchels
and delivered it at the War Secretary's office in per-
son to Secretary Edwin M. Stanton. While there he
met President Lincoln, who came into the war office
on business while young Ellet was talking with the
War Secretary. Mr. Lincoln sent for Secretary
Chase of the Treasury, who also came. General
Halleck happened in at the same time and young
Ellet was introduced to all of them, was highly com-
plimented, and given a three da\-s' pass in the city.
Upon Edward C. Ellet's honorable discharge Major
L. S. Tallerday. commanding the Marine Regiment
,it Vicksburg on January 19. 1865, wrote underneath
the precious document an unsolicited note of high
acknowledgment and recognition, reading: "I have
known Lieutenant Ellet for the last two years. As an
officer, he is ever read>' to do bis whole duty; he is

752

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

brave to a fault; while as a gentleman, he is unex-
ceptionable."

Thus, the services rendered to the Union bj' the
Ellets was of the greatest value. They were inspired
by pure patriotism. The idea of the ram fleet was
conceived by a master mind, tliat of Charles Ellet,
Jr., the foremost engineer of the nation at that time.
'J'hey carried out their plans boldly and fearlessly,
personally leading every charge, displaying the great-
est courage and bravery amidst the greatest of dan-
gers, not stopping at death itself. After the war, Ed-
ward C. Ellet was appointed- Military Constable of
Yazoo County, Miss., and given a company of Union
soldiers to aid him in enforcing law and order during
the reconstruction period.

Miraculously escaping death from the yellow fever,
he went West with a troop of soldiers on an Indian
expedition as far as Fort Bozeman, Mont., in 1867.
With two companions he made his return down the
Missouri River in a skiff as far as Sioux City, pass-
ing through the countr}- of the hostile Sioux Indians
at a time when buffaloes were so numerous that his
journey was seriously impeded by vast droves cross-
ing the river in front of them. Eroin Sioux City he
made his way back home to visit relatives at Bunker
Hill., 111.; and in 1869, enamored of the West and
frontier life, he was induced to go out to Eldorado,
now the county seat of Butler County, Kan., which
was then being settled by Union soldiers who took
up claims of homestead. There he started the first
hardware store and organized one of the first banks
ni Butler County, and became a great political
leader, serving as chairman on the Republican County
Central Committee and dictating the policies of the
county for many years. He was prominent in estab-
lishing Eldorado as the county seat. He was ap-
pointed government agent for the Piute Indians in
1884. Leaving his banking interests in the hands of
his partner, N. F. Frazier, and his father, General
Alfred W. Ellet, after whom the public park in El-
dorado was named, his father then became president
of the bank. About this time General Ellet was of-
fered a commission as major-general in the U. S.
regular army. This he respectfully declined, express-
ing his desire that as long as there was no need for
his services in actual warfare, in defense of his coun-
try, he preferred to enjoy private life.

Edward C. Ellet then went to Winnemucca,
Nev., where he was Indian agent for a year; from
Winnemucca, during this period, in the due course
or his official duties, he made a trip to San Fran-
cisco and back on horseback, after which he returned
to Eldorado and resumed banking Although hold-
ing great political power in the State of Kansas,
FMward C. Ellet never ran for a political office. On
March 14, 1902, he was appointed by Governor W. E.
Stanley "as member of the board of directors of the
State Penitentiary for the term of three years, and
elected president of the board at their April meeting.
On July 28, 1902, Governor Stanley appointed him
delegate to the annual congress of the National
Prison Association, at Philadelphia, wdiich met Sep-
tember 13 to 17, 1902, after which he was sent to
"^'ucatan, Mexico, to buy sisal for the state. While
there he was entertained by the governor of the
State of Yucatan in royal fashion. In 1903 he re-
signed his position on the State Prison Board and sold
out his banking interests to his son-in-law, R. E. Fra-

zier, who was the son of his partner, and accepted an
appointment as special agent of the United States
General Land Office with headquarters at Seattle
Wash., serving as such from 1903 until 1908^
when he resigned, came down to Mayfield, Calif.|
and in company with his son, Charles Ellet, bought
out the old Mayfield Bank and Trust Company. He
became its president and his son Charles became its
cashier. They came to Mayfield in December, 1908,
and January 1, 1909, took charge of the bank. In
1918 he retired from active participation in the bank,
leaving its management to his son, Charles Ellet,
who reorganized it and brought his brother, Alfred
W. Ellet, who was then deputy bank commissioner
for the State of Kansas, out to assist him.

On October 20, 1870, Edward Carpenter Ellet was
married at Bunker Hill, 111 , to Miss Frances
Webster \'an IJorn, whose famil}' history is no less
notable than that of her illustrious husband. She
was born at Bunker Hill, 111., on January 31,
1854, and is a daughter of Thomas JelTerson Van
Dorn, an Argonaut who is a near relative of the
famous Southern cavalryman. General Earl Van
Dorn of the Confederate Army. She is also a direct
descendant of the historic Pilgrim father, Governor
Bradford of Massachusetts, and is furthermore a
blood relative of Washington Irving, the celebrated
author. Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Ellet have made
their home at Mayfield since 1908, and with the ex-
ception of a stroke of paralysis in 1920 sustained by
Mr. Ellet, both are enjoying a reasonable state of
health, are well and favorably known and most
highly respected. They have become the parents of
three children: Henrietta Wilbur Ellet Frazier, who
married the late R. E. Frazier, noted banker and oil
man. R. E. Frazier discovered oil in the Eldorado
field in Kansas, and brought in the first private well
in that field on the Linn lease, it being the second
well in that district. He succumbed to the influenza
epidemic in December, 1918. Mrs. Frazier is now a
resident of Menlo Park, where she has lived since
1919, and is the mother of one child, a daughter,
Henrietta Ellet Frazier, who is a student at the Cas-
tilleja School for Girls at Palo Alto. Alfred W.
Ellet, vice president, and Charles Ellet, cashier of
The Stanford Bank, both noted elsewhere in this
work, are, respectively, the oldest and youngest of
the three, Edward Carpenter Ellet has lived a full,
useful and remarkable life, and now, as the sun is
about to set on his earthly activities he hands down
the glories of a noble ancestry undimmed and un-
tarnished to a worthy progeny, while the nation is
left stronger and better for his strenuous, patriotic
and illustrious career.

WILLIAM DARSIE.— Prominent among the re-
tired residents of Palo Alto whose life stories, as the
chronicles of those who have accomplished something
worth while, are always interesting, may be men-
tioned William Darsie, who was born in Scot-
land in 1843. He was also educated in that older,
more settled land of academic traditions, and there
found stimulating office employment until he was
twenty-six years old. The New World, however,
then began to bid more intensely for his interest, and
he came out to the United States and settled in Penn-
sylvania. He had had such an experience that he was
able early to take up the manufacturing of coke; and
in that important industrial field he continued until

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

'55

he retired from active luisiness alTairs, in 1905. He
tlieii bade good-bye to the cold winters and the liol
summers ol the Keystone State and turned his lace
westward, and having entered upon tlie delights of
senii-tropieal Cahfornia and surveyed the land for
that corner of the Golden Slate most roseate and
promising, he located at Palo Alto and soon accpiired
a beautiful, spacious and comfortable home, with at-
tractive grounds. There he spends most of his time,
and having a wonderful Bower garden, he adds to his
knowledge of the floral world by outdoor work and
recreation.

When Jdr. Darsie married, he took for his bride
Miss Jean Pettigrew. a native of the I'niled States,
and an accomplished lady of attractive natural gifts;
and they reside at 567 Melville Street. They have
three children, \\'illiam, Elizabetli and Jean.

CHARLES ELLET.— A rising young financier
of Santa Clara County, whose influence is being felt
more and more in laj-ing broad and deep the foun-
dations of the great California commonwealth, is
Charles Ellet, the efficient and popular cashier of
The Stanford Bank at Palo Alto and Mayfield. He
was born at the historic Ellet homestead at Bunker
Hill. Macoupin County, 111., and reared at Eldorado,
Kans., being a son of Edward Carpenter Ellet, the
patriot, banker and politician, who built up and
owned one of the first banks in Butler County, Kans.,
in the county seat town of Eldorado, in the early '70s,
and later established several other banks in Ivansas,
and in 1908 came to California, purchasing the con-
trolling interest in the old Mayfield Bank, the prede-
cessor of The Stanford Bank, and whose inspiring
life story is elsewhere given in this volume, as is
also the history of several of the other distinguished
forebears and relatives of our subject, who have con-
ferred undying glory in the service of their country.
Edward C. Ellet married Miss Frances Webster Van
Dorn. also a native of Bunker Hill, 111., and it is
pleasant to relate that both she and her honored
husband are still living, highly esteemed residents
of Mayfield. Her family history is no less interest-
ing than that of her husband. The daughter of a
California Argonaut, Thomas Jefferson Van Dorn,
who crossed the plains in '49, she is a near relative
of the famous Confederate cavalry general. Earl Van
Dorn, and a direct descendant of the historic Pilgrim
father. Governor Bradford, of Massachusetts, like-
wise a relative of Washington Irving, the celebrated
author, as well as the great orator and statesman,
Daniel Webster. Charles Ellet was reared at El-
dorado, Kans., and there he remained until he was
twenty years of age. He pursued the public school
courses and then profited by a course at the Uni-
versity of Washington, at Seattle, to which city he
removed in 1904. Three years later, in April, he
was married to Miss Edna Anna Dodge, only daugh-
ter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank R. Dodge, of the Farmers
and Merchants National Bank of Eldorado, Kans.,
and a year thereafter he came south to Mayfield.
His father, a banker of over thirty years' experi-
ence, had sold out his banking interest in Kansas,
and desiring to come West, he accepted an appoint-
ment as special agent of the U. S. General Land
Office, with headquarters at Seattle, in 1903, a posi-
tion which he resigned in 1908, when he came down
to Mayfield and bought out the Mayfield Bank and
Trust Company, which later became known as The

Mayfield liank. luhvard C. Ellet resigned as its
president in 1918, turning the institution over to his
son Charles, who at once completely reorganized and
enlarged it. Charles Ellet then sent East for his
brother, Alfred W. Ellet, deputy bank commissioner
of the State of Kansas, who came to Palo Alto in
1918 and became vice-president of The Stanford
Bank. Air. Ellet's first wife died at Mayfield, Oct.
5. 1909, and left two children; Zelda, who is a stu-
dent at the College of Sacred Heart at Menio Park,
and Edward Carpenter, who attends the William
Warren School for Boys in the same place. On
marrying a second time, Mr. Ellet chose for his
wife Miss Martha IT. Blois, their wedding occuring
on April 27, 1916. They have become the parents
of five children, four of whom are living; Charles
Ellet, Jr., now five years old, was a twin brother of
Thomas N'an Dorn, who died at birth; )ilartha Jane
was the next to enter the family, followed later by
Elizabeth and Frances, twin daughters. Charles El-
let is also president of the Stanford Realty Com-
pany and is personally a large property owner at
Mayfield, where he resides, and at Palo Alto. He
was twice elected town treasurer of Mayfield, and
is a power politically in the northern end of the
county. He is especially interested in good roads
and he has had much to do with the reljuilding of
the State Highway at Ivlayfield, declared by State
Engineer Freeman to be one of the best built pub-
lic highways in the whole United States. Mayfield
is at the very gate of Stanford University, and how
could it fail of being one of the most promising
communities in the Golden State, when, as Mr. El-
let says: "]\Iayfield is by choice as well as by law,
a dry town, where no saloons can ever again exist,
with her former cesspool nuisance cured by a mod-
ern sewer systein, costing $35,000; with an inex-
haustible supply of artesian water so pure that the
Southern Pacific Railroad Company, after a chemical
analysis, selected this site on which to erect their
60.000 gallon water-tank for through trains, with
Mayfield's dream of an Interurban Electric Railway
doubly realized by the Blossom Route to San Jose,
and the Waverly Avenue Extension from Palo Alto;
with the opening of the Santa Cruz branch from the
main line of the Southern Pacific making Mayfield
an important junction point; with the very exceptional
train service of over sixty steam trains a day during
summer months to and from San Francisco, with a
municipal water plant valued at $35,000, being run
on a paying basis; with miles of cement sidewalks,
curbing and paving; with the completion of the great
State Highway through the town; with the Leland
Stanford Jr. University, one of the richest endowed
institutions of higher learning in the United States,
next door, and San Francisco only thirty miles away,
the Garden City, San Jose, only fifteen miles distant,
and with the famous California Redwood Park, the
Wonderland of the West, just about twice as far
away." Who can doubt the wisdom of Mr. Ellet in
pinning his faith to the new old town and the wisdom
of The Stanford Bank in encouraging to its legal
limit all rational enterprises here promising a reason-
able degree of success.

The new home of The Stanford Bank in Palo Alto
which has just been completed, is described elsewhere
in this volume. It had a briUiant opening on June 2,
1922. Assets have already passed the half million

756

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

mark. True to its name and environment, it carries
out the Romanesque style of architecture with its
stately pillars and arches in keeping with the dream
of Leland Stanford, when he first conceived the idea
of building a great universit3'. This banking house
has been remodeled after plans of Mr. A. F. Roller,
of the firm of M. G. West & Co., the celebrated bank
architects and specialists, of San Francisco. Mr. EHet
is a hard and conscientious worker, who realizes that
the success of his career as a banker of necessity rests
upon the general welfare of the community. He be-
longs to that class of financiers who understand that
service is the cornerstone of all truly worth-while
business. Having an accurate knowledge of business
and financial conditions at Mayfield and Palo Alto,
he finds his greatest satisfaction in advising and help-
ing his patrons on to the sure road of prosperity.

MRS. APHELIA F. COCHRANE.— A highly
cultured woman, whose interests in civic affairs, as
well as in educational matters, have enabled her
to contribute much for the edification and happi-
ness of others, is Mrs. Aphelia F. Cochrane, a suc-
cessful ranch owner of the Morgan Hill district in
Santa Clara County. She was born in Bangor,
Maine, November 3, 1845, the eldest daughter of
;vfr. and Mrs. George Farriugton. The father, George
Farrington, was born in England, the son of an old
prominent family, a highly educated and cultured
man. who came to America in the early '30s, lo-
cati'd and became a prominent citizen and merchant
in Bangor. He married Miss Hannah Elizabeth
Philbrook, a native of Newport Maine, whose parents
were English and Scotch. They were the prosper-
ous owners of a 200 acre farm. Their close relatives
were merchants of the sea, having been the owners
of many ships going to foreign ports. The maternal
grandfather and an uncle, Nathaniel Drew, on her
mother's side, served in the Revolutionary War, the
latter being commissioned a major during his serv-
ice. They became the parents of three girls, Aphelia,
the subject of this sketch, Emma and Jeannett, the
latter now deceased. In 1850 the parents left their
children with their grandparents and came to Cali-
fornia via Panama and located in San Francisco
where the father died a few years later. Mrs. Far-
rington married again, becoming the wife of A. J.
Van Winkle, a native of New Jersey and a pioneer
of this state and a man of splendid character. He
owned a number of stock and dairy ranches in Hum-
boldt, Sonoma and San Mateo counties, also prop-
erty in San Francisco. He was the owner of the
West End Distillery, San Francisco, and was the
inventor of the method of aging wine by the process
of extracting the fusel oil and making wine into
brandy and received patents on his invention from
England, Germany, France and the United States.
He had located in San Mateo County at an early
period, long before the railroads had pushed their
way down the Pacific Coast. In 1859 Mrs. Van
Winkle returned East and brought her girls to
California. They left New York on the S. S. Baltic
and reaching Aspinwall, crossed the Isthmus of
Panama and boarded the S. S. Sonoma and arrived
in San Francisco the latter part of November. Miss
Emma F. Van Winkle, as she is known to the art
world, having taken the stepfather's name, is a
graduate of the Hopkins Art Institute in San Fran-
cisco and is recognized as an artist of considerable

note. Mr. Van Winkle passed away, but his widow
still lives in San Francisco, aged ninety-five years.
Aphelia Farrington was educated at the Denman
school on Bush Street, San Francisco and took a
two years' course at a finishing seminary in that
city. In 1864 she became the wife of John Cochrane,
the ceremony taking place in San Francisco. He was
born in Amherst, N. H., and came to California in
1848 via Cape Horn in a sailing vessel. He was
identified with many mining enterprises, became
wealthy and owned large holdings in various parts
of California. He owned a ranch of 250 acres ad-
joining the Presidio in San Francisco and carried
on a large, prosperous dairy business, known as the
Pioneer Dairy; he also set out the first cherry orch-
ard in California at this place, sending East for
the trees; he also had other property interests in
the city. At one time he owned the McNulty ranch
in Colusa County, made famous as the greatest grain
ranch in the world by the late Dr. Glenn, in the Sac-
ramento Valley. It contained many thousands of
acres and had a frontage of ten miles on the Sacra-
mento River; the fencing alone costing $20,000. For
a number of years Mr. Cochrane operated this place,
after selling it. In 1869 Mr. Cochrane and his fam-
ily removed to the Santa Clara Valley where he had
purchased the old McElroy ranch of many hundred
acres. This ranch is located on the watersheds of
the Coyote and Packwood creeks, twenty miles south
of San Jose. Here Mr. Cochrane built up one of
the finest dairy ranches in the state, employing Swiss
butter and cheese makers, selling his products in
San Francisco. He built the road, now known as
the Cochrane Road, which was completed in 1893.
He was one of the leaders in all local movements
for the betterment of the community and took an
active part in promoting all progressive measures,
as a real booster for Santa Clara County. Mr.
and Mrs. Cochrane were the parents of five chil-
dren: Emma F. died at the age of eleven years;
Minnie B. passed away at the age of nine years;
and Charles, the youngest, died when si.xteen years
old; Aphelia May is the wife of A. J. Jackson and
the mother of two children, Alfred and Gladys; Elsie
B. is the widow of the late Henry C. Doerr and
resides with her mother. Mr. Cochrane closed his
eyes to the scenes of this life on November 20, 1899,
after a long and useful career and is held in lov-
ing memory by all who really knew him. The Coch-
rane ranch, which consists of many hundred acres,
has 125 acres devoted to raising fruit which yields
bountiful crops each season. The entire acreage is
still in the possession of the family. In 1914,^ Mrs.
Cochrane erected a comfortable modern residence
on a sightly elevation on the property. She has
been actively identified with the Presbyterian Church
of Morgan Hill, having helped to build it up from
a small mission church to its present standing a,nd
served for four years as one of the trustees.^ She
has been prominent in temperance work and in the
circles of the W. C. T. U. since its organization at
Morgan Hill and she is beginning her third te^rm
as trustee of the Live Oak Union high school. She
contributes liberally to the V. M. C. A. and the
Y. W. C. A., as well as to all other worthy causes.
She is a charter member of the Morgan Hill Civic
Club; also was one of the foremost workers and
promoters of the Ye Friendly Inn of Morgan Hill.

(T, /j2^t>-C>U^^€»^y-^

OWA^^va.

CcVWwf

HISTORY OF .SANTA CLAKA COUN'J^Y

761

an organization that has but one motive — the bet-
terment of the locality. It was first suggested by
the W. C. T. U. and the idea carried out in detail
by a few of the most progressive and enterprising
citizens of the community. In 1914, Rev. A. M.
Porter, then pastor of the Presbyterian Church of
Morgan Hill, hrst took up the subject with the
parent board of San Jose in behalf of the citizens of
Morgan Hill and the iirst meetings were held in the
Presbyterian parsonage. Mrs. Cochrane has contrib-
uted many articles to the press during her travels and
her popularity has contributed much to the advance-
ment of the causes with which she has been identi-
fied— a splendid example of the value of character
and trained intellect.

JOHN A. FELLOM, SR.— A worthy representa-
tive of the type of citizen which has made California
a great state is John A. Fellom, Sr., a man well-
known and highly honored in the vicinity of Gilroy.
and who has always used progressive efforts along
agricultural and stockraising ideas. He is living re-
tired on his ranch, part of which he rents to others.
The Fellom family was first interested with the af-
fairs of the West through Matthew Fellom, whom
accident rather than design lead to the coast of Mon-
terey in the latter 30's. Born in Denmark, in 1801,
he became dissatisfied with his native conditions,
while yet a boy, and shipping on a merchant vessel,
found relief from monotony in a seafaring life for
several years. However, life on the vessel was not
all clear sailing, and he finally succeeded in escap-
ing and reached the California coast. He cast about
for a means of livelihood and found employment
with John Gilroy, for whom the town of Gilroy was
named, and was set to making soap. In time he be-
came an expert soap maker, and he continued at his
trade until he had accumulated some money. He
invested his earnings in 1750 acres northeast of San
Ysidro and for years was a stockraiser in that vicin-
ity, having as many as 800 to 900 head of stock on
the ranch at one time. In 1853 he changed his loca-
tion to a ranch in the vicinity of his son's present
home, but returned to San Ysidro in 1861 and
erected a comfortable rural residence, where his
death occurred on December 16, 1868. He married
Miss Manuela Briones, a native of Santa Clara
County, who died in 1858 at the age of thirty-five.
They were the parents of eleven children, only three
attaining maturity: John A, the subject of this re-
view; Adele, now Mrs. Martin, of San Juan; and
Sinfriano. After the death of his wife, Mr. Fellom
married Ricarda Castro, of Santa Cruz County.

John A. Fellom was born on his father's ranch at
San Ysidro, October 17, 1840, and received his edu-
cation in the schools of Gilroy, where a school had
been established about 1853. From the age of fifteen
his recollections are of farm life and stockraising,
and the purchase and sale of hogs, cattle and horses.
He continued in the stock business until 1868 when
he began to do general farming. His home place
consists of 270 acres five miles northeast of Gilroy,
which he improved himself, and he also owns 153
acres near San Ysidro where his son has a dairy.

The marriage of Mr. Fellom occurred in 1874 and
united him with Miss Blandina Ortega, a daughter of
Joseph Ortega, one of the large landowners and
farmers in Santa Clara Valley. Mrs. Fellom was
born in San Ygidro, June 3, 1853, and through the

ye.ars has truly been a helpmate 1o her husband
through systematic man;igement of the home and un-
failing sympathy with all his plans and aspirations.
They are the parents of eight living children: Corln-
na, the wife of Joseph Fitzgerald, who have one son
and reside in San Jose; John A, Jr., married to Miss
I'lorence Nickel and residing in Old Gilroy on .i
fine twenty-two acre ranch, and for seven years he has
been road superintendent for the San Ysidro district;
Isabella, the wife of Robert Burns, who have two
daughters and reside at Santa Monica; Louis, who
married Miss Josephine Boone, having two daughters
and reside on a ranch of twenty-two acres near the
F^ellom place; Peter, who married Miss Roll, who have
one child and reside in Gilroy; Mary, who is the wife
of Charles Thomas, and have one daughter and
reside in San Francisco; William M., who lives on
his father's 153 acres; and Lauretta, who is the «ife
of Robert Jones. The family are members of the
Catholic Church and endorse the principles of the
Democratic party. Mr. Fellom is hale and hearty at
the age of eighty-three and is probably the oldest
citizen residing there who w'as born in Old Gilroy.
The ranch, which was obtained from the Spaniards
in the early days, is a part of the San Ysidro Grant
and has been owned by the Fellom family since 1870.

CLAYTON R. THOMAS.— Prominent among the
experienced, most progressive and successful orch-
ardists of Santa Clara County may well be mentioned
Clayton R. Thomas, who has contributed his share
toward making Gilroy famous beyond even the con-
fines of California. He was born in the old town, on
January 25. 1854, the son of the well-known and now
deceased pioneer, Massey and Phoebe (Bane)
Thomas, the former an Argonaut among the sturdiest
of 49ers, was the proprietor of a fine ranch of
about 500 acres within the township of Gilroy. A
sketch of his family is published elsewhere in this
historical work.

Clayton R. Thomas, the ninth child in a family oi
ten, and the first born in California, went to school
at Gilroy and was reared on the Thomas' ranch, just
south of town, and after school and later he worked
on the farm for his father. In 1892 he acquired his
share of the acreage, some seventy acres, and about
forty-two acres he set out to prunes. This land lie
has made the most of; and since he has always been
an ardent advocate of co-operative marketing by
farmers. His operations, more and more extensive,
have become to be a matter of interest and benefit to
others as well as to himself. He is a stockholder m
the California Prune & Apricot Association and also
in the Gilroy branch of the Garden City Bank &
Trust Company.

At Gilroy, on June 11, 1889, Mr. Thomas was mar-
ried to Miss Fanny E. Keith, a daughter of Michael
H. and Lucinda (Longmire) Keith; the former came
first in 1849 across the plains and in 1852 went back
to Missouri via Panama. He made his home in
Marion County for years, but only came back to
California for a visit in 1896. He died at Kirksville,
Mo., in 1897. Mrs. Keith resides with her children
in California, surviving her highly-esteemed husbarid,
became herself the center of a circle of devoted
friends. Mrs. Thomas, a graduate of the Kirksville
Normal, came to California in 1884 to teach school.
Three children have blessed this union of Mr. and
Mrs. Thomas: Sadie, no\v deceased; Clayton Russel.

762

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

doing his duty manfully in overseas service for
seventeen months in the L'. S. Army during the
World War, is married and is now a partner with
his father in fruit culture; Elizabeth, a graduate of
the University of California, at Berkelej', class of '19,
is a teacher in the Deuair School, Stanislaus County,
where she enjoys esteem and popularity. Mr. Tho-
mas is a Democrat, and as such has always sought
to elevate the standard of civic pride and American
political thought and action.

WILLIAM KNOX BEANS.— Interesting as both
the descendant and successor of a pioneer who at-
tained real eminence and distinction in the California
world of finance, William Knox Beans is a financier
worthy of study for himself, both on account of his
own experience and record, and because of his envi-
able position of influence and power as president of
the Bank of San Jose. He was born in Nevada City,
Cal, on May 7, 18S7, the son of Thomas Ellard and
Virginia (Knox) Beans, the father a native of Salem,
Ohio, who first saw the light there in 1828, and was a
descendant of fine old Scotch-Irish stock which had
made its way from Europe through Virginia to Ohio.
Thomas Ellard Beans was a pioneer of San Jose,
who rose to great prominence as a banker and founded
the Bank of San Jose, and is elsewhere represented
in this volume.

William K. Beans was educated principally in pri-
vate schools in San Jose and then the College of the
Pacific, after which he entered Mount Union College
in Mount Union, Ohio. In 1876, after two years, he
returned to the Coast, and having said good-bye to
student days, he entered his father's bank in 1878.
There he began at the lower rounds of the ladder and
.gradually worked his way up through various posi-
tions of responsibility and experience; and on July
19. 1905, he was elected president of the bank to suc-
ceed his father, who had just died after so many
\-ears of brilliant and faithful service. To the in-
stitution he has given his undivided time and the suc-
cess of his management is seen when it shows an in-
crease of 330 per cent in assets in seventeen years.

Mr. Beans was married in San Francisco in 1889
to Miss Gertrude Moore, a daughter of Judge John
H. and Bettie P. Moore, who came to California in
the early 'SOs, the father being a prominent attorney
and judge in San Jose. She is a native of San Jose
and they reside at 1260 The Alameda, where Mr.
Beans ."^ollows the course of political events under
the banners of the Republican party, maintains his
live interest in the doings of the Native Sons of the
Golden West, in Avhich great organization he is
proud to claim mendjership, and cultivates, in his
spare hours outdoors, his choice flower garden. He
is a member of the St. Claire Club and a charter
member of the Commercial Club. Mr. Beans is the
oldest banker in San Jose and no man is better or
more favorably known. Like his father he is con-
servative and the people of the valley have the
greatest confidence in the bank and tiiey appre-
ciate his genuine worth and integrity.

CASTILLEJA SCHOOL.— Prominent among the
well-known educational institutions of California
wdiich have conferred distinction not only upon Santa
Clara County, but upon the great Pacific common-
wealth as well, Castilleja School, now completing its
fifteenth "\'ear, has contributed to extend the fame of
Palo Alto in particular, and to add another charm to

the university center already the admiration of thou-
sands from all parts of the world. Its principal is
Miss Mary Ishbel Lockey, A. B., of Stanford Univer-
sity, and she is ably assisted by a corps of over thirty
well-trained teachers. The school was founded in
August, 1907; and such has been its steady growth
that it now has six buildings occupying a block of
about five acres; these are grouped and arranged so
that the pupils may practically live out of doors. A
court, 250 feet broad, opening toward the south, gives
freedom and privacy, and the other half of the block
is laid out in tennis, basket ball, and volley ball courts,
and general playgrounds.

The residence is an L-shaped structure, with fifty-
three rooms and two large screened sleeping porches.
A sunny infirmary, which can be completely isolated
in case of need, provides for illness; all the living
rooms arc planned for entertaining and for comfort.
The school building has an assembly room and study
hall, five rooms for the intermediate and the lower
schools, five recitation rooms for the upper school, a
book-store and offices, a study porch, and two sun-
porchcs for the younger children. A pergola con-
nects the recitation hall with the gymnasium and au-
ditorium; the latter has a modern, well-appointed
stage and is fitted with lockers and shower baths.
The Domestic Science bungalow is a model cottage
where girls may learn thoroughly and practically the
art of home-making and home-keeping. Recently an
additional building, called the Lodge, has been erected
as a residence for the teachers. Orchard Elouse,
built in the summer of 1921, affords the Music and
Art departments a home having attractive and dis-
tinctly advantageous features.

The swimming pool, the latest addition to the equip-
ment of Castilleja, is one of the greatest sources of
pleasure and physical development on the grounds.
It is a beautiful open air pool, built of white concrete,
with steam-heated dressing rooms Swimming can be
indulged in throughout the year as the water is tem-
pered to suit the weather, and scientific instruction in
swimming, diving and life-saving is part of the phys-
ical education work.

The purpose of Castilleja School is to give an edu-
cation that is broad, not merely academic, and though
essentially a university preparatory school, a general
course is arranged for pupils not wishing to enter
college, and in every case an effort is made to develop
systematic and scholarly habits of thought. Gradu-
ates are admitted without examination to Stanford
University, the University of California, and Mills
College, and the school is accredited by Wellesley,
Smith, Vassar, and Mt. Holyoke colleges. Adequate
time and attention are given to English, and there
are courses in Latin, French, Spanish, History, Mathe-
matics, Science, Home Economics, Art, and Music.
Believing that every girl should be taught to manage
a bank account and to live within a specified income,
the school instituted a bank of its own; each girl is
furnished a check book and required to pay her bills
for books, school supplies, sewing materials, chap-
eroning, concerts, incidental expense, etc., by check,
and she is graded in this work as in any other school
subject. Special attention is given to the physical
condition of the girls, and it is the desire of the school
to have the pupils realize that future happiness and
efliciency depend on cultivating habits of health. The
school is non-sectarian, but gives definite training m
ethics and religious principles. Social service is em-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

763

phasized, and cacli puiiil is led to assume responsi-
bility for some particular branch of relief work.

Castilleja is situated in the best residence portion of
Palo Alto, and has an unbroken view of the beautiful
and fertile Santa Clara Valley extending on one side
to San Francisco Bay and the Mount Diablo Range,
and on the other to the Santa Cruz Mountains be-
yond which lies the Pacific Ocean. The equable, de-
lightful climate makes out-of-door life possible
throughout the year and invites fretjuent excursions
to the picturesque country about. On the other hand,
its nearness to San Francisco (thirty miles) and to
Stanford University (one mile) gives opportunity
for instruction and pleasure through lectures, con-
certs, and dramatic entertainments; thus the pupils
of the school have the unusual advantage of both
town and country life

REV. GEORGE HENRY WHISLER.— With

nearly 400 communicants, the First Presbyterian
Church of Palo Alto is one of the important charges
of this denomination in the State of California, and
fortunate indeed is it to have as its spiritual leader
a man of the ability of Rev. George Henry Whisler,
who has already endeared himself, in the early days
of his pastorate, to his congregation, by his sym-
pathy, wisdom and fine comprehension of the pro-
blems of the modern-day church. Descended from
a fine old New York family, George Henry Whisler
was born at Albany, N. Y., on July 10, 1893, the son
of Berthold and Elizabeth (Eisel'e) Whisler. The
father was engaged in lumbering in partnership with
his brother, David Whisler. Berthold Whisler passed
away when his son was only ten years old, but the
mother is still living. For many years after her
husband's death she kept up the old family home at
Albany, but she now makes her home with her
daughter, Mrs. Davis, the wife of Rev. E. E. Davis,
the pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church at Athens-
on-the-Hudson.

Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Bert-
hold Whisler, and four are now living, George Henry
Whisler being the youngest. His early education
began in the public schools at Albany, N. Y., and
while yet a student in the Newark, N. J., high school,
he chose the ministry for his life work. Graduating
from this institution in 1912, he then entered Rutgers
College at New Brunswick, N. J., taking the classical
course and graduatin,g in 1916 with the A. B. degree.
Next he attended the Dutch Reformed Theological
Seminary for one year, giving up his studies to enter
the army Y. M. C. A. work. For a short time he
attended an officers' training camp at Fort Niagara,
N. Y., and was commissioned a first lieutenant in the
Field Artillery, but was later transferred to the bal-
loon division of the air service, with the rank of first
lieutenant, being stationed at various places, begin-
nmg at Camp Devens, Mass., and ending at Ross
Field, Cal., where he resigned his commission June 1,
1919. He now holds the rank of captain in the re-
serve corps, receiving this commission the day after
his resignation. Entering the San Francisco Theo-
logical Seminary at San Anselmo, Cal., he graduated
there in April, 1921, and was ordained on May 18
of that year, becoming pastor of the large parish of
the First Presbyterian Church at Palo Alto, this ap-
pointment in itself being a tribute to his unusual
qualifications for leadership in the religious world.

In 1918, at Pasadena, Rev. Whisler was married
to Miss Helen Bell Ledyard of Pasadena, a graduate

of the Pasadena high school and of Stanford Uni-
versity, class of '17, and she also holds a master's
degree from Columbia University, New York. A
devoted Christian, with her training and culture she
is a true helpmate to her husband. They are the
l)arents of two children, George Henry, Jr., and
F'rancis K. Ledyard Whisler. Justly popular with all
classes, Rev. Whisler has entered heartily into the life
of the community, taking an aggressive part in all
its forward movements. Prominent in the American
Legion, he is the chaplain of the local post and is
very active in the establishment of a new home for
this patriotic organization. He is a member of the
Zeta Psi Fraternity of North America.

MRS. MARY WEST THOMPSON.— Coming
from a line of distinguished forbears, famous in the
days of the Revolution and the early history of colon-
ial days, Mrs. Mary West Thompson, the widow
of the late F'rank P. Thompson, is one of Palo Alto's
highly honored citizens. Gracious, cultured and pub-
lic spirited, she resides at her comfortable home at
909 Alma Street, surrounded by many of her child-
ren, who enjoy with her the high regard of the com-
munity. A native of the Old Dominion, Mrs. Thomp-
son was born September 6, 1842, at Norfolk, Va.,
the daughter of Capt. John Wharton AVest, U. S. N.,
born in Philadelphia, Pa., who had married Miss
Mary Holt of Norfolk, Va. The West family are
intimately connected with the early history of Penn-
sylvania and are descended from Col. John Nixon of
Revolutionary fame, to whom belongs the honor of
first reading the Declaration of Independence to the
Continental Congress. Another relative was Robert
Morris, who so ably guided the financial affairs of
the Colonial government and was one of the signers
of the Declaration of Independence.

Mrs. Thompson was reared in Norfolk, \'a., and
there received her education in Catherine Baylor's
private school, one of the select educational institu-
tions of that day. Her father died when she was ten
years old, and a few years later her mother brought
her familjr to San Francisco, Cal., sailing via the
Isthmus on the Atlantic and reaching here in Janu-
ary, 1860. The same year her marriage occurred,
when she was united with Frank P. Thompson and
they became the parents of nine children: Mary M.,
is Mrs. John L. Meares of Seattle, Wash.; Page Ed-
loe, is the widow of Dr. W. J. Baker, late of Fresno,
and she resides with Mrs. Thompson; Thomas Lar-
kin, a locomotive engineer, resides at Palo Alto;
Sallie H., is deceased; Frank, passed away in in-
fancy; Helen C, is the wife of George B. Huil of
San I'rancisco; John West, is a graduate of Stan-
ford University and now an electrical engineer at
Pueblo, Mexico; Robert A., is a newspaper man at
San Francisco, while his twin sister, Roberta, is the
wife of George B. LaFarge of Seattle, Wash.

For many years prominent in the newspaper world,
Frank P. Thompson was born in May, 1841, at Ka-
nawha, W. Va., then Virginia. His father, Robert A.
Thompson, a prominent lawyer, was sent by Pres-
ident Polk to settle the land grant controversy in
California; he settled a great many of the Spanish
grant claims and it is worthy of note that none of
his decisions have ever been reversed. A historic
family, the Thompsons came to Virginia from Eng-
land before the days of the Revolution and helped
to establish this Government, and many of its mem-
bers have been prominent as congressmen, diplomats

764

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

and customs house officials. A brother of Frank P.
Thompson, Thomas L., was at one time secretary of
state of California and later served as ambassador to
Brazil during President Cleveland's administration.
Another brother, Robert A., whose picture adorns
the State Capitol at Sacramento, wrote a history of
California, but suffered the complete loss of his
manuscript during the earthquake and fire of 1906.
These three brothers were associated together as
editors and publishers of the Santa Rosa Democrat,
and later Frank P. Thompson established the Hum-
boldt Standard, and subsequently the Redwood City
Democrat. In 1898, Mr. Thompson vi-ent to San
Salvador, Central America, where he was sent to
organize and establish the San Salvadorian Peni-
tentiary after American plans and ideals. After three
months he succumbed to the j'ellow fever and passed
away there in December of that year, his remains
being interred there. The Thompsons have been
devout Episcopalians for generations and one of their
ancestors, Rev. John Thompson, was prominent in
the early annals of the Episcopal Church in America.
Politically they have always given their allegiance to
the Democratic party.

DR. ARTHUR B. MAYHEW.— Modern Ainer-
ican dentistr\' owes much to such scientifically-
trained specialists as Dr. Arthur B. Mayhew, who
is identified with Palo Alto as one of the eminent
and most popular practitioners here. A native son,
naturally proud of his association with the great
California commonwealth, he was born at Red BlufT
in 1870, the son of Charles R. Mayhew, a native of
St. Louis, Mo., w^ho, a year before the famous Ar-
gonauts, ventured overland in 1848 bj^ means of ox-
team and prairie schooner. He married Miss Mary
A. Kcarns, a native of Ohio, who grew up in Shasta
County, Cal., where her step-father, J, J. Bell, was
an extensive stockraiser and ran the toll-bridge
across Clear Creek. Dr. Mayhew's father died sev-
enteen years ago; his mother lives at Oakland and
is seventy-three years old. The founders of the
Mayhew family in America came out to the Colonies
from England in the famous ship Mayflower.

Arthur B. Mayhew attended the common schools
in Red Bluff and continued his schooling in San
Francisco, and in course of time he was graduated
with honors from the San Francisco College of
Physicians and Surgeons. Since then, for thirty
years he has practiced dental surgery in San Fran-
cisco, Sacramento and Palo Alto. When jret a stu-
dent in the San Francisco College of Physicians and
Surgeons be began to practice dentistry; and from
1893 until 1899 was thus engaged in San F'rancisco.
In 1899 he came to Palo Alto, opened up a dental
office and lost no time in ])uilding his residence at
639 University avenue, and he has owned this house
ever since. He was honored -with an appointment to
the State Board of Dental Examiners in 1902 and
served creditably for eight years. He left Palo Alto
the year of the earthquake and maintained an office
at Sacramento from 1906 until 1911, and from 1911
to 1914 he lived and practiced dentistry at Yrcka,
Siskiyou County. In 1917, in order to give his
children the educational advantages afforded liy the
Stanford I'niversity, he resumed his home at Palo
Alto and is therefore with one exception the dentist
of seniority in Palo Alto. His continually growing
patronage is sufficient attestation of the high esteem
in which he is held both professionally, and as a

citizen, neighbor and friend. A Republican in nation-
al politics, Dr. Mayhew never lets pass an opportun-
ity to contribute what he is able to give toward the
elevation of civic standards. Naturally, he belongs
to the Native Sons of the Golden West.

At San Francisco, in 1898, Dr. Mayhew was mar-
ried to Miss Florence Hackley, a native of Indiana,
and their fortunate union has been further blessed
with the birth of three children: Gladys E., the wife
of R. S. Miesse, a broker at Los Angeles, residing at
5301 Aldama street, Highland Park, they have one
child, Jacquelyn; Lauretta C, is the wife of H. Mal-
colm Hay, with the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.,
and resides in Palo Alto; Elizabeth, is a student in
the San Jose State Teacher's College.

MISS HARKER'S SCHOOL,— Few wide-awake,
progressive communities conveniently situated with
reference to neighboring cities of importance, and
the mountain and the sea, have been equally fortu-
nate with Palo Alto in attracting educational institu-
tions such as give strength and grace to this great
university town, and few educational institutions of
the rank and fame of Miss Harker's School, one of
the sources of pardonable pride to Palo Alto's ambi-
tious citizens, enjoy such an inspiring environment,
lying as it does in the beautiful Santa Clara Valley
with the sequoia-clad hills rising beyond on the one
hand, and, on the other, the blue Coast Range beyond
a silver line of San Francisco Bay — the whole afford-
ing the student the quiet atmosphere conducive to
serious work, while living in the refining influence of
quietly beautiful surroundings. The School was
founded in 1902 by Miss Catherine Harker, a native
of Oregon, who is a graduate of Vassar, where she
received the A. B. degree. It was incorporated in
1915 and is housed in a main building erected in 1907,
two cottages — one for the Lower School, the other
for the Domestic Science Department, and a building
especially adapted for the Kindergarten. In 1921 a
new gymnasium was built, costing $16,000. The
school property embraces about seven acres laid out
in gardens, playgrounds and courts for tennis, basket-
ball and baseball, and the proximity to Stanford
University and the accessibility of San Francisco
offer the exceptional advantages, without the dis-
tractions, of a metropolis.

The aim of the school, to build up vigorous physical
health, to achieve the best possible intellectual ad-
vancement, and to secure for each pupil the moral
and spiritual development which will enable her to
take her place among intellectual and cultured people,
and to live a rounded and useful life, is evidenced in
the artistic and thoroughly modern school home. The
first floor contains the reception hall, the library,
music room, recitation rooms and study hall, and the
dining room and kitchen, and second floor is made up
of the large, sunny bedrooms of the resident pupils,
although many use the screened sleeping porches.
Only such rules are insisted upon as are necessary to
the comfort of all the household, and from each girl
is expected a cheerful and ready response. One re-
sult is that Miss Harker's School has become widely
famous through its pupils, who are always known as
true gentlewomen. The School is also enviably re-
nowned through its excellent faculty, some eighteen
or twenty thoroughly trained women of the highest
academic credentials. These conduct a kindergarten
department, a primary school, an intermediate
school, a high school department, and a post-gradu-

HISTORY UF SAiNTA CLARA COUNTY

765

ate department, and also departments for the study
of music, Biblical literature and history, and drawing
and applied art, as well as cooking and sewing. The
value of the kindergarten as the logical foundation
for the whole structure of education is more than
ever widely recognized; the folk and nature slory
stimulates interest, and the games and handiwork
develop respect for the rights of others. In the pri-
mary school, the children are trained in the habits
of concentration, independent thinking, thoroughness,
accuracy, and consideration for each other. The ami
of the intermediate school is the development of in-
dependent thought and expression, and this is ac-
complished by discussion of topics of the da\ , de-
bates, individual reports, and a class paper, all con-
tributing to train for good citizenship. It speaks for
itself that the high school department is accredited
both to Stanford University and the University of
California, and that the regular college preparatory
course prepares pupils also for Vassar, Smith, Wel-
lesley, Mt. Holyoke, and Bryn Mawr. For those
who do not desire to enter college, there is another
regular course of four years leading to graduation.
A sj'stematic course of Bible study is given, ex-
tending from the primary grades through the high
school; there is a two-years' course in free-hand
drawing, with modelling in clay; special designs are
made and executed on wood, leather, brass, copper,
silver and textiles; there are both theoretic teaching,
in lectures, and practical work in cooking; elementary
and advanced sewing are provided for, and the de-
partment of physical training is conducted with spe-
cial care for the individual needs of the pupils. Each
}'ear the senior class presents a play out-doors.

In order, for example, that the girls may have a
practical knowdedge of business methods such as
becomes those who are some day to have more or
less business to transact on their own account, par-
ents are requested to send direct to the School a
stated monthly allowance to be deposited in the
School Bank; and this will be subject to the pupil's
personal check to be used only for personal ex-
penses that require actual cash payments, on which
account no money will be advanced to pupils. Check
books and pass books are furnished to each pupil,
and parents are requested to cooperate m instilling
increased care in the expenditure of money.

WILLIAM FISKE HENRY.— A native son of
whom the Northland may well be proud is William
Fiske Henry, the able superintendent of the Palo
Alto "Times", and among the best known citizens of
Palo Alto, Cal. He was born in Oakland, Alameda
County, Cal., December 10, 1875, a son of Charles
Everett and Juliette (Fiske) Henry, both natives of
New England On both paternal and maternal sides
his lineage is traceable to two historical characters in
American development — to Patrick Henry on his
father's side and to John Fiske, historian, on his
mother's side. He was educated in the grammar and
high schools of Dixon, Cal., then entered Stanford
University, taking the English course, and was grad-
uated with degree of A. B. in 1900. For ten years fore-
man of the Tribune Publishing Company at Dixon,
Cal., he terminated his service in that capacity in
1895, when he removed to Palo Alto and became fore-
man of the University Press at Stanford University;
he was thus engaged for ten years when he entered
the employ of the Times Publishing Company as

foreman and served efficiently until 1919, when he be-
came a part owner and assumed the superintendency
of the Times Publishing Company.

On January 7, 1903, Mr. Henry was married in
I'alo Alto to Miss Evelyn Flenrietta Benoit. a daugh-
ter of Louis Benoit, a native of France and a partici-
pant in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870; on her
mother's side she is a descendant of the St. Louis
fannly, for whom the city of St. Louis, Mo., was
named; her mothers fannly were pioneers of Cali-
fornia. Her education was begun in the grammar
schools of Palo Alto and finished at the Notre Dame
Convent at Redwood City, Cal. They are the par-
ents of four children: Wilma Cecelia; Wilbur Vin-
cent; Iconise Margaret, and Arthur John. In his
political views Mr. Henry is a Democrat and frater-
nally belongs to the Native Sons of the Golden West,
the Modern Woodmen of America, Royal Neighbors
of America, and the Elks. From 1905 to 1920 he
served as president of the Palo Alto Typographical
Union, and from 1909 to 1919 served the city of Palo
Alto as councilman. Mr. Henry has been active in
many ways in furthering the development of Santa
Clara County, and is a well-known and highly es-
teemed citizen of the college city.

HENRY A. ALDERTON, M. D.— After a suc-
cessful career m the medical profession, as a special-
ist in diseases of the ear, nose and throat, Dr. Henry
A. Alderton retired and has since devoted himself
to the study of painting. Born in New York City,
December 28, 1863, he attended the public schools of
his native city and the Brooklyn Polytechnic and Col-
legiate Institute, where he prepared to enter the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgons, this being the medical
department of Columbia University. He graduated
in 1885 and then spent a year as an interne at St. Jo-
seph's Hospital in Paterson, N. J.

Taking up the general practice of medicine at
Brooklyn, N. V., Dr. Alderton later went abroad to
study, taking special work on the ear, nose and
throat at the University of Berlin in 1890-91, and on
his return to Brooklyn, he specialized in these sub-
jects, continuing there until 1912. He taught in the
earlier years at the New York Post-Graduate Col-
lege and the New York Polyclinic and later at the
Long Island Medical College;, was aural surgeon to
the Brooklyn Eye and Ear Hospital, Kingston Ave-
nue (contagious disease) Hospital, Kings County
Hospital, Bushwick and East Brooklyn Hospital, and
the Nassau County Hospital. He was formerly a
member of the Hamilton Crescent, and Church Club
in Brooklyn. Also of the American Otological, Amer-
ican Otological, Rhinological and Laryngological and
of the New York Otological Societies; and is, at pres-
ent, an honorary member of the New York Otolog-
ical Society. Since coming to California in 1912, he
has studied painting under C. P. Townsley, Richard
Miller, Mannheim and Armiai Hansen, after prelim-
inary work at the San Francisco Institute of Art. The
year 1920-21 was spent in Spain and Portugal and Dr.
Alderton returned with man.y original sketches from
which he is now working.

In 1885 Dr. Alderton was married to Miss Marion
S. Decker in Brooklyn, N. Y., a native of that state
and a descendant of families of that state on both
paternal and maternal sides. Dr. Alderton's father,
Henry Alderton, was a native of Sussex, England,
and his mother, Mary Amelia Gibbins. was born in

"66

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

New York of English and French ancestry. In the
Alderton family there are three children: Dorothy
M., married to Herbert A. Kellar, director of the Mc-
Co'rmick Agricultural Library in Chicago; Barbara,
an assistant at the Stanford University Library; and
Henry A., Jr., at present engaged in civil engineer-
ing and formerly second lieutenant in the late war.
All arc graduates of Stanford University. The fam-
ily make their home at 9LS Channing Avenue, Palo
Alto, where Dr. Alderton has also his studio.

GEORGE M. CURTIS.— The son of pioneer par-
ents who crossed the plains m 1850, George M. Cur-
tis can well take pride in the state of his birth, the
development of which has come about through sturdy
settlers, such as his forbears were. He was born at
Bodega Corners, Sonoma County, October 6, 1868,
the son of Benjamin A. and Reliecca (Humphrey)
Curtis, who left their Pennsylvania home to pioneer
in the' Far West more than seventy years ago, set-
tling in Sonoma County on their arrival here, where
they engaged in farming.

In 1872 the family removed to Mendocino County,
where they took up their home in the pine and red-
wood district, and here George M. attended school,
entering the sawmills as soon as he was large enough
to do the work. He soon became the head planer
for the Gualala Lumber Company, and he followed
this responsible line of work until 1908, when he re-
signed to take up his residence at San Martin on the
ranch which he had purchased in 1893, when his par-
ents had come to San Martin to make their home.
The San Martin district was surveyed and sold off
in small tracts, beginning in 1892, so that the Curtis
family are among the earliest settlers there. This was
a stubblefield and now is a fine prune orchard of
thirteen acres, which was among the first to be
planted. Benjamin A. Curtis lived to be seventy-
eight years old, passing away in Tune, 1914, at San
Alartin, survived by his widow, Avho makes her
home with George M. Curtis at the comfortable fam-
ily residence on Church Avenue.

"Si-x children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin
A. Curtis, as follows: George M., of this sketch;
Lillie married F. W. Briones; they have four chil-
dren and reside in San Francisco; William resides at
Albin, Mendocino County; Charles is a well driller
and resides at San Martin with his wife and two chil-
dren; Cora died aged two years; and Edna when she
^\■as eighteen. A fine type of public spirited citizen,
Mr. Curtis can well look back with satisfaction on
his years of hard, honest work that have brought
him a competence he may now enjoy, knowing that
it has come about entirely through his own efforts.
He is a charter member of the California Prune and
Apricot Association. Well liked and esteemed by
his many friends and neighbors, he performs his
civic duties under the banner of the Republican party.

LAZARD LION. — A California pioneer of extra-
ordinarv force of character and intellect, whose busy
life of work and care leading on to success for him-
self and all associated with him, well illustrates that
characteristic in thousands of men, the will to do, to
continue to do, despite all odds, and finally to tri-
umph over seemingly impossible obstacles, was Laz-
ard Lion, who closed his eyes to the scenes of this
world on February 26, 1911. He was born at For-
bach, Alsace-Lorraine, France, October 29, 1829, and
there received a good education and training that en-

abled him to accomplish much as he went through
the many years granted him.

When a young man of twenty-three he came to
America, arriving in New York in 1852, and after a
short sojourn in the East he went to Indiana and for
a short time was engaged in business at Marshall.
We next find him in New Orleans, where he also car-
ried on a business for a short period of time; then he
crossed the Isthmus and arrived in San Francisco in
1853. Soon after his arrival there, he, with others,
founded the City of Paris dry goods house, and from
a small beginning the business grew with the years
until it ranked with the largest in the western metrop-
olis. Mr. Lion retained his interest in that establish-
ment for many years. On account of ill health, Mr.
Lion decided he would leave the Bay section and he
came to San Jose in 1855, secured employment in a
store on Market Street, and the following year, 1856,
embarked in a general merchandise business at the
corner of Post and Market streets for himself. While
he was living in San Francisco he had become very
well known to some of the largest merchants in the
state for whom he bought goods — at a time when all
goods were sold at auction in San Francisco — and
being a shrewd buyer he gave his patrons every sat-
isfaction. After he became established in business
here he went through the pioneer experiences of all
pioneers of those early days, but he was one of those
progressive men and forged ahead, never letting him-
self become discouraged, whatever the obstacles. He
continued in business on Market Street until the cen-
ter of trade shifted over to First Street and he easily
adapted himself to conditions and moved to the old
Music Hall building where he had four stores. His
business kept growing apace and he began manufac-
turing gloves in one of his stores. That business
.grew to such proportions that he had from seventy-
five to eighty people in his employ and later the in-
crease for the California tanned buckskin gloves be-
came so great that he had to send the goods to the
East to have them made, then returned to California
and the customers' wants supplied from here. He
imported hides from Alaska, and later built a tannery
here to cure his own hides; also imported fine kid
hides from France for fine goods. He even supplied
large manufacturers in the East with the California
buckskin gloves. The first year the sales of the San
Jose Glove Company amounted to over $200,000.

As the city expanded Mr. Lion opened an exclusive
carpet house in a store building in the Knox Block,
opposite the Music Hall building. He was also inter-
ested in a store in Santa Clara, maintaining that in-
terest' for many years. It was due to his business
acumen that the City of Lions store was established
in Sacramento — one of the most extensive dry goods
stores in the entire valley. He was one of the organ-
izers of the Commercial and Savings Bank of San
Jose and for many years was its president. This bank
came into possession of extensive land holdings in
Mexico, and these were looked after by one of his
sons, Gustave Lion. He was one of the promoters of
the Vcndome Hotel; was a stockholder in the San
Jose Woolen Mills, the San Jose Gas Company, the
San Jose Fruit Packing Company, and other enter-
prises that he thought might benefit the city of his
adoption. He also owned a large tract of land near
Gilroy, near Paradise Valley, some 5585 acres of fine
land that was purchased in 1890, but which has since
passed out of the possession of the family. Mr. Lion

HISTORY OF SANT/V Cr.AKA COUNTY

767

took an active part in local politics, always to elevate
the standard of the seeker after office, and he was
appointed by Governor Bartlett one of the trustees
of Agnew, He was a Alason of many years standing.

In 1857 Lazard Lion was united in marriage with
Miss Zulema Martin, born in Bordeaux, France, the
daughter of jMary Martin, who came to America and
California in 1847 in a sailing vessel with her daugh-
ter and conducted a hotel in San Francisco, wdiere all
the old-time miners used tio hold forth when in that
city, spending their gold dust. She also carried on
a hotel in San Jose for many years. There were live
sons and one daughter granted to Air. and Mrs.
Lion, one of whom. Charles, died in boyhood. The
others are Gustave F., president of L. Lion and Sons
Company; Ernest P., vice-president; Henry J., treas-
urer, and Emile M., secretary. The only daughter,
Estelle, is the wife of Charles Fay, of San Francisco.
These children were all educated in San Jose. !Mrs.
Lion passed away in 1898.

Lazard Lion had a wide acquaintance in the state
and when the news of his death was printed it was a
severe shock to all who had known him. When he
came to this county there were no railroads — stages
were the means of transportation north and south;
the quicksilver mines were at the height of their pro-
duction during his business career; the evolution of
the county from stock to grain and later to fruits and
intensive farming were all watched with interest by
this farsighted merchant prince. The present estab-
lishment of L. Lion and Sons Company of San Jose
is the outcome of the little store started on JMarket
and Post streets in 1856, and represents the oldest
concern in the state that never has been out of the
family control. Mr. Lion was successful in all his
business undertakings; was modest in manner and
always had a cheery greeting for everybody. He was
public spirited, always giving with the thought that
it was for the best interests of the count}-. He was
a man of splendid business judgment and was popu-
lar in social circles in his j'ounger days. At his pass-
ing on February 26. 1911, the county lost one of her
most loyal citizens.

GUSTAVE F. LION.— A family, historic in its
way, of successful merchants and land owners is rep-
resented by Gustave F. Lion, president of L. Lion
and Sons Company of San Jose, where the family has
been continuously represented since 1855. He was
born in San Jose, December 13, 1859, son of Lazard
and Zulema (Martin) Lion, mentioned at length
elsewhere in this work.

Gustave attended the Gates private school in San
Jose and then Santa Clara College until he was four-
teen. He then left his books to assist his father in
his business and went to San Francisco, where he
had full charge of his office there and bought goods
for his seven stores; and was also selling agent for
the San Jose Glove Company in San Francisco; this
concern was also owned by his father. The lad went
to night school while he was in the city and also at-
tended Heald's Business College to further perfect
himself in being able to manage affairs. In 1880 he
came back to San Jose and established a dry goods
business, which he later sold to Stull and Sonniksen.
In 1886 Gustave Lion went to Los Angeles to visit
and he saw the great opportunities of the southern
city, as it was at the time of its first real boom, and
he opened an exclusive carpet store and continued
there for almost four years, then sold out and came

back to San Jose to identify himself with the L. Lion
aiul Sons concern. That same year it was incorpo-
rated as L. Lion and Sons Company, with Gustave 1'".
as its president, and that office he has held ever since.
The famous San Martin ranch of 5585 acres also
came under his control and he managed that until it
was sold for subdivision into small farms in 1921. He
had been looking after the extensive land holdings for
his father — or in reality the Commercial and Savings
r>ank--some years previous to this time. Mr. Lion
has given his entire time (o the development of the
concern of which he is the head, but not to the exclu-
sion of his duties as a public spirited citizen.

The marriage of Gustave 1'. Lion with Miss Mary
Jobson of San Jose was celebrated in 1880, and they
have become the parents of three children: Clara Z.
married W. E. Blauer, manager of the San Jose branch
of the Bank of Italy; Morrell G. is a grower and
wholesaler of seeds in Santa Clara County; and
Hortense is at home. The daughters were born in
San Jose and the son in Los Angeles. The family
home is at 1275 Alameda. Air. Lion is one of the
popular citizens of the count\ as well as one of the
most public spirited He is a member of the Cham-
ber of Commerce, the Country Club, the Commercial
Club, the B. P. O. Elks, a director of the San Jose
branch of the Bank of Italy and a member of its ad-
visory board. He was vice-president of the Commer-
cial and Savings Bank for several years and until it
was sold, was president of the Salsina Canning and
Packing Company. Always interested in politics,
thought not a seeker for office, he has sought to do
what he could under the banners of the Republican
party, although he was a delegate to the Democratic
National Convention, held in Chicago in 1896. Of
kindly disposition, keen business discernment, Mr.
Lion has a host of friends through the state who
gladly acknowledge his success and consider his word
as good as his bond.

PROF. ELMER E. BROWNELL.— California

has been particularly fortunate in her exceptional
staff of educators who have done yeoman service in
helping to lay broad and deep the foundations of the
great commonwealth, and prominent among those
contributing to these great aims and results is Prof.
Elmer E. Brownell, the popular supervising principal
of the Gilroy public schools, and a leader in the edu-
cational w^ork of Santa Clara County. A native \'er-
inonter. Elmer E. Brownell was born at Essex Tunc-
tion, in the Green Alountain State, on June 1, 1865,
the son of Lyman A. Brownell, also a Vermonter, a
stonemason who migrated west to California in 1871,
and settled at San Jose, where he died in 1902. Mrs.
Brownell, who was Eliza A. Cook, before her mar-
riage and a native of New York, died January 23.
1921, highly esteemed as was her husband, and the
center of a circle of steadfast friends. The Brown-
ells came to America before the Revolutionary War,
three brothers hailing from England, and settled in
Vermont, while the Cook family migrated from Scot-
land to New York in early Colonial days.

Elmer Brownell passed through the elementary
schools of San Jose and was graduated from the State
Normal in this city in 1884, after which he spent one
year at Stanford University, and in 1887 he was in
charge of the Lone Tree district school, in Contra
Costa County. The followin.y" year he removed to
Monterey County, and then he taught at Warm
Springs and next at Decoto. hi Alameda County, be-

"68

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

coming there the acting principal of schools. He was
principal of the Monntain \''iew schools from 1890
to 1899, and was assistant teacher of the San Jose
high school from 1899 to 1904. Since 1904 he has
liad charge of the Gilroy schools. From 1896 to 1906
he was president of the board of education of Santa
Clara County. lu national political affairs a Repub-
lican. Professor Browncll has always been an enthusi-
astic, non-partisan worker for local movements and
men properly endorsed.

At Irvington, in Alameda County, on July 25, 1890,
Mr. Brownell was married to Miss Lizzie Valpe>'
Craycroft, the daughter of J. W. Craycroft of Mo-
desto. She passed away in 1903, lamented b)' all
who had come to appreciate her [lersonality and gifts,
and survived by four son.-,: R. li. Browncll is a
.graduate of the University of California, class of '11,
from which he received the D. D. S. degree; he is
married and the father of two children, and resides
at Fresno. John R. is in the employ of the Southern
Pacific Railroad, is married and has one child, and
served for twelve months in l^rance, during the World
War. Dr. H. L Brownell is also a graduate of the
l^hysicians and Surgeons College of San Francisco,
having been a member of the class of '14; he is mar-
ried and lives at Fresno, and was a hcuten.'int in the
F'. S. Navy during the war. Herbert W. Brownell,
another ex-service man, is attending the Dental Col-
le.ge of the University of Southern California Pro-
fessor Brownell was married for the second time on
Christmas Day, 1909, to Miss Sarah Annette White-
liurst, the dau,ghter of F. A. Whitehurst, the widl-
known pioneer, nov\- deceased. The family' now reside
at the old Whitehurst home on South Church Street,
Gilroy. Professor Brownell is a Republican, a Scot-
tish Rite Mason and a Knight Templar and a mem-
ber of Islam Temple, A A. O. KF M. S., of San Fran-
cisco, and belongs to the Watsonville lodge of Elks,
and to the Mountain View lodge of Odd Fellows, the
Gilroy I. O. t ., and is secretary and treasurer of Gil-
roy Golf and Country Club.

STEPHEN HEILMANN.— A successful orchard-
ist, who has made valuable contributions toward
the advancement of California husbandry, is Stephen
Fleilmann, who came to (iilroy on August, 1, 1886,
and since Thanksgiving Day, November 25, 1886, has
resided on Bodfish Road. Fie was born U'-ar Raude-
sacker, near Wurzburg, on the River Main in Bava-
ria, on April 10, 1861. the eldest son of Franz and
Barbara (Feuerer) Heihnann, and he attended school
in his own home district. In time, he spent three
years in the German army, doing his full duty by
the land of his birth, and having thus kept his rec-
ord clear, so that he might at anj' time return to the
Fatherland if he wished, he set out for America. On
July 11, 1892, he was admitted to citizenship by Judge
Lorigan at San Jose, and since then, becoming more
and more American, he has steadily made good. He
worked on the Lewis place when he first came to this
section and after Mr. Lewis died he served Henry
Miller faithfully until April, 1905. While in the em-
ploy of Miller he ae(|uired 185 acres of very desir-
able orchard and hill land, and this he has been devel-
oping into an orchard and a vineyard. A Republican
in matters of national import, Mr. Heihnann has been
broadminded and non-partisan in local affairs, and is
at present a school trustee in the Live Oaks district.

He was also roadmaster of the Bodfish district for
many years.

At Gilroy, in 1898, Mr. Heilmann was married to
Miss Barbara Bumm, a native of the same part of
Bavaria as her husband, where she was born on April
7, 1861, and she came to California in 1888. Five
children made up their family: Lizzie, Mrs. Evans
resides with her two children at Woodland; Augusta,
wife of Chief Engineer Satler, of the L'nion Iron
Works at San Francisco, 'is at home; Herman is as-
sisting with the work on the ranch, is married and
resides on the home place. Mary resides with her hus-
band, Joe (^>ubser, and her three daughters at Old Gil-
roy. Sarah, Mrs. George Brem, resides near Gilroy;
she is a graduate of the San Francisco State Normal
School, and the mother of a son. Mrs. Heilmann
was a general favorite, and when she passed away,
in June, 1905, at the Fisher Place, she -was deeply
mourned by a wide circle of friends.

Main- interestin.g events have helped to fill the
fruitful life of our subject, but in none has he taken
more pride than in his relation to the Nemo Prune,
the story of wdiieh may be had in his own narrative.
"For many years," he says, "I was «-orking upon
Henry Miller's fruit ranch, known as the Lewis
Place, wdiere there were some green-gage plum trees,
wdiose fruit Ave could not very well use. Mr. Miller
thereupon ordered me to graft the trees to Imp.
prunes, and he sent me the scions. The grafting
was a success, and after a couple of years, the
branches bore well. I noticed on one tree a French-
prune graft, which was accidentally joined to the
Imp. prune scions, and this gave me the" idea of im-
proving the French prune by means of the Imp.
prune, wdiich is tender and gets soft very quickly. I
took about half a dozen of the Imp. prunes which
were close to the French prune limbs and planted
the pits of the former, and only one was growing.
I carefully attended to this one little tree, eager to
see what kind of fruit it would produce. I made
grafts of this little tree to older trees, and they are
now bearing an exceptionally good prune. I call it
"Nemo." This prune is large, of good color, sweet,
firm in flesh, and it does not get soft like the Imp.
prune when lying on the ground. This prune tree
may be grown on poor land, and yet will grow large
— much larger than the French prune of neighbors
growing in the same kind of soil, and about thirty-
four grown on poor soil will make a pound."

S. G. RODECK.— A native son, S. G. Rodeck was
born m Sonoma County, November 1, 1856, and re-
ceived a good education in the schools of Petaluma;
he is a son of John and Letitia Rodeck, born
in Germany and Ireland, respectively, who settled in
the East and later emigrated to California via Pan-
ama and followed farmin.g near Petaluma. S. G.
Rodeck was engaged in dairying in Sonoma County,
then spent two years in Sau Luis Obispo County
and then came to Santa Clara County in the 70s.
He purchased an orchard near Campbell, and here
he was married in 1876 to Miss Laura Campbell, who
was born in the town of Campbell, a daughter of
Benj. Campbell, the founder of the town. They have
engaged in orcharding ever since, and Mr. Rodeck
was a director in the Bank of Campbell until it was
sold to the Garden Cit>' Bank eS: Trust Co., He is
now a member of its finance committee and a man

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

771

of much influence ;Mid public spirit. Mr. and Mrs.
Rodeck have three children: Mrs Cora Antrin, of
Fresno; Mary L , and Geo. Benjaniin. The)' are
members of the Alethodist Church hi Campbell.

DAVID BACON MOODY.— Success has attended
the elTorts of David Bacon Moody, and though re-
tired from active duties, lie is still alert and interested
in all measures that tend to the advancement and de-
velopment of his community. Born in Michigan City,
Ind.. March 14. 1837. his parents. Ransom G. and
Elmira (Bacon) Moody, removed, in 1840, to Mil-
waukee, Wis. There he attended the public schools
until early in the year 1849, when the family crossed
the plains with ox teams to California, coining by
the southern route and the Cajon Pass, their wagons
being among the tirst to come by that route. Their
progress was slow, accompanied by perils and hard-
ships, but they hnally reached San Bernardmo about
Christmas time, 184y, coming on to San Jose in Maj',
1850. where Mr, Moody attended school until nine-
teen years of age. When he was twenty-one he em-
barked hi the tlour-milling business with his father
and two brothers. Charles and Volney D. Aloody,
and continued in that business until his retirement
from active life. Their mills were known as the
iloody !Mills, and afterwards as the Central Milling
Company, composed of eleven units in all, and dis-
tributed their products throughout the state. Later
these mills were combined with other mills and be-
came known as the Sperry Flour Company, and for
eighteen years he was secretary and auditor for this
company. For fourteen years, or until the liquidation
of the business, Mr. iloody was president of the San
Jose Woolen ISIills, and he was also one of the pro-
moters of the Vendome Hotel. Since 1910 his pri-
vate interests have been demanding his full time.

Mr. Moody is a public-spirited citizen, who has the
fullest confidence of the community, and served as
city treasurer in 1862, which office he held for t\.
years. In 186/, at a time of great public agitation,
he was called upon to act as count}- treasurer by the
board of supervisors. The incumbent of the office
had absconded with $23,000 of the county funds.
Great excitement was the result, but Mr. Moody took
hold of matters and carried them safely through the
critical time, finding no difficulty in giving at once
bonds of the heaviest nature. From 1867 to 1871
Mr. Moody was chairman of the Republican County
Central Committee, and September 27, 1886. he was
a prime mover in the organization of the Board of
Trade, which afterwards became the Chamber of
Commerce, which has done a vast deal of good for
this vallej- in advertising its advantages and resources
and in disseminating accurate and reliable informa-
tion. Mr. Moody was elected president at the first
and held that important office until going to San
Francisco for the Sperry Flour Companj'; he also
served on the board of education four years. In
addition to his business interests, he is the owner of
considerable real estate.

The marriage of Mr. Moody, June 27, 1861, united
him with Miss Jeannette B. Wright, a native of New
\ ork. They have two children, Nettie, a graduate of
the College of the Pacific, and Anna h-, both resid-
ing with their parents.

Mr. Moody, from his majoritj' until 1900, was an
ardent supporter of the principles of the Republican
party, and has the honor of having voted for Presi-
dent Lincoln twice, and twice for President Grant;
however, he now votes the Democratic ticket. He is

a great lover of good music, and in this he finds his
recreation. He is a member of the Coring Club of
^an hraneiseo and attends rehearsal every Monday
night; he has been an active member of this club
for over twenty-five years. He is a composer of some
dis inction, having begun when eighteen years of age
and several of his songs have met with popular ap-
proval^ J. or twelve years he was the tenor of St
Joseph s quartet choir of San Jose. Mr. Moody was
a member of the board of freeholders, elected for the
purpose ot framing a new charter for city govern-
ment, and was also a member of the committee of re-
vision, a responsible office requiring the highest qual-
ities. This board succeeded m establishing the com-
mission torm ot government in San Jose. Mr. Moody
was a volunteer fireman in the early days, and for
bis service oi six years received an exemption certifi-
cate, which relieves him from jury duty. Although
advanced m years, Mr. Moody is still active and re-
tains the energy and ability which have always dis-
tinguished him.

JOE HAGEMAN.-Among the prominent and
outstanding figures in realty circles of San Jose, and
a name that is familiar to home builders and inves-
tors IS Joe Hageman. To him belongs the credit of
mtroducing the modern, high-class residence apart-
ments, which have become so popular with investors
and tenants alike. He was born in Franklin, Ind., on
July 26, 1875, a son of Simon P. and Annie (McCol-
lough) Hageman. The family removed to California
during the year of 1884, and settled in San Jose
where the father was well known as an orchardist'
both parents have passed away.

Mr. Hageman received his education in the public
schools and high school of San Jose and spent his
spare time m helping his father on the home place
where he secured a training that was of much help
when he started to make his own way. He first en-
gaged m ranching; then entered the drug business
became a licensed druggist and followed that line for
the next six years. He again entered the ranks of the
ranchers and continued for eight vears. During 1906
he quit ranching and went to San Francisco and was
engaged in the wrecking business in which he met
with success, helping to clean up the debris of the big
fire of April, 1906, which was the initial step in the
building of greater San Francisco. Upon his return
to San Jose, m 1909, Mr. Hageman built the first resi-
dence apartment house in San Jose, located at 330
South Third Street; since then has built another at
the corner of Third and Julian streets. When he first
commenced the plan and carried it into execution, it
was considered impractical and unprofitable, but the
success of the venture has proven so practicable and
this style of apartment so popular, that manv have
follow-ed his example and dozens have been con-
structed, aiding very materially in the housing prob-
lems of San Jose. In 1919, iVlr. Hageman w-as the
moving spirit in the organization of the United Realty
Company, his business associates being Arthur L.
Grey and Joseph V. Cardoza, with offices at 61 West
Santa Clara Street. From the time of its establish-
ment, the United Realty Company has had its share
of the business and the volume and importance of
their transactions are growing month b}' month; in
connection -with the realty business, they conduct a
general insurance business.

The marriage of Mr. Hageman occurred in San
Jose, June 24, 1901, and united him with Miss Jane

/ / L

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Trader, a native of Jersey City, N. J., later removing
with her parents to Kansas City, Mo. They are the
parents of one child, Bruce. Mr. Hageman is very
popular in the San Jose Lodge No. 522, B. P. O.
Elks and is an active member of the Chamber of
Commerce and the San Jose realty board. His leis-
ure time is spent in the open, and he is particularly
fond of camping trips in the mountains, a recreation
he enjoys as much as his busy life will permit.

JOHN Q. A. BALLOU.— Numbered among the
oldest and best posted horticulturists of the Santa
Clara Valley, John Q. A. Ballou still retains his clear
mind and alert intellect at the age of ninety-five and
it is indeed a rare privilege to converse with him.
The founder of the Ballou family in America was
Maturin Ballou, of French and Norman lineage, who
migrated from England in 1645, and became an asso-
ciate of I^oger Williams in Rhode Island. He had
two sons, John and James. In the sixth generation
from him was Abram Ballou, a native of Rhode
Island and besides being a farmer was a shoemaker,
which occupation he followed for some years in New
York state and there died. His son, Otis, was born
in Smithfield, R. I., and removed to New Hampshire,
where he married Lydia Chamberlain in 1816. Later
he settled in Hartland, Windsor County Vt., and
combined the trade of a shoemaker with the occupa-
tion of farmer. During their residence there his son,
John Q. A., was born, a representative of the eighth
generation in descent from the founder of the family
in the L'nitcd States. When he was seven years of
age, the family removed to Walpole, N. H., and the
father continued his trade of shoemaking and farm-
ing. Later the family returned to Rhode Island and
there the father passed away. His wife died in New
Hampshire \\\ 1849. She was a granddaughter of
Thomas Chamberlain, one of the earliest settlers of
New Hampshire and a lieutenant under General
Stark in the Revolutionary War.

J. Q. A. Ballou was the eighth child in a family of
twelve children, eleven of whom attained mature
years, and was born March 26, 1827. He attended
the common schools and learned the trade of cutter
in a shoe manufacturing establishment, and at the age
of twenty-two had risen to the position of foreman of
the manufacturing department. He continued in this
employ until March 1, 1849, when he and his brother,
George W., sailed from Boston on the ship Sweden
around the Horn, and after a voyage of 153 days
landed in San Francisco on August 3 of that year,
just fifteen days before the landing of Bayard Taylor,
correspondent of Horace Greelej^'s New York "Trib-
une." They hurried on to the mines, but six weeks
after their arrival George W., was taken ill and died
at Coloma. In January of 1852, J. Q. A. returned to
the east via Nicaragua and in May of the same year
accompanied by his two Ijrothers, Warren S , and
Charles O., they started back by the same route.
Their tickets provided for passage in the North
American from San Juan Del Suer to San Francisco,
but that steamship having been wrecked they finished
their trip by a voyage on the S. S, Lewis instead.
Warren S. Ballou returned East within a year but
Charles O. stayed until 1860, when he also went back
and enlisted, became second lieutenant and was killed
during the terrific fighting at the battle of Fredericks-
burg, while acting as captain.

After his second arrival in California in 1852, J, Q.
A. Ballou went to the mines in Sierra County. In
March of 1853 he went to Santa Clara County, and
arriving at San Jose, March 14 of that year, he
put up at Price's Hotel, which was located where the
Wilcox Building now stands. Its proprietor was Col.
John Price, a brother of the Confederate general and
ex-governor of Missouri, General Sterling Price. In
1855 Mr. Ballou turned his attention to the nursery
business and in 1857 purchased his present property
in the suburbs of San Jose on the Milpitas Road, and
he was thus engaged until 1862, becoming the best
posted man on fruit cultivation in the Santa Clara
Valley and well deserved that honor, for many years
were devoted to the study of obtaining the best re-
sults with the varied products which the soil would
bring forth. One of the first experiments that Mr.
Ballou tried was the boring of a well on his ranch,
and in February, 1857, water was reached. Mr. Bal-
lon was associated with the introduction of bee cul-
ture in California. His ranch consisted of forty acres
and was planted to pears, apples and plums. In addi-
tion he has a stock farm of 140 acres on the Guada-
lupe on First Street a quarter of a mile north of the
city limits. For thirty-five years he has been interest-
ed in city property in San Francisco besides owning
valuable property in San Jose. He was the first man
to experiment in drying fruit in the sun, an indus-
try that has since developed into a most profitable
occupation in Santa Clara County. In 1864, while on a
visit to his New England home, he married Miss
Catherine J. Kimball, daughter of Timothy D. and
Jane Alice (Mann) Kimball, residents of Claremont,
N. H. Mr. and Mrs. Ballou were the parents of two
children; Allis K., Mrs. Wager Bradford, and George
Ballou, an accountant in the auditor's office of the
shipping board in San Francisco. Mrs. Ballou passed
away in 1914.

Mr, Ballou also helped pioneer the fruit canning
industry at San Jose, where the first cannery was
started in 1870 by Dr. Dawson, and in 1874 it was
incorporated under the name of the San Jose Fruit
Canning Company. In 1879 Messrs. Ballou and
Ozier became owners of three-fifths of the capital
stock and Mr. Ballou served as its president for
three years. He was also prominent in the organiza-
tion of the Farmer's Union Store and for many years
served in the capacity of secretary and is still a
stockholder and director. As a result of an opera-
tion for cataract, Mr. Ballou has lost his sight and
can only distinguish the light from darkness, but he
still retains his wonderful memory and it is indeed
interesting to converse with him upon the early his-
tory of California in the early mining days. Mr. Bal-
lou has been connected with the organization known
as "California Pioneers" since 1856. It was started
in 1849 and one of the points of eligibihty is that
the member must have been a resident of Califor-
nia before statehood. This organization is a very
noted one, among other things being the residuary
legatee of the James Lick Estate. He is also a mem-
ber of the Santa Clara County Pioneer Association.
From the formation of the Republican party in 1856
Mr. Ballou has been a firm believer and an advocate in
Republican principles. In 1866 he was elected a
member of the county board of supervisors, but re-
signed three years later. Fraternally he is a mem-
ber of the Masonic lodge No. 10 in San Jose.

Ji^BKX

^_vdr?o-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

775

HON. ISAIAH ALONZO WILCOX.— A Kiale-
ful posterity such as makes up tlie rank and lile of
California citizenship today \\\\\ always gladly honor
such patriot pioneers as the late Hon. Isaiah .■Monzo
Wilcox, who for years participated in the direction
of pubHc affairs, while he enjoyed distinction as one
of the foremost settlers who had contributed suli-
stantially toward the scientific and practical devel-
opment of the varied fruit interests of Santa Clara
County. A native of the great Empire State, he
was born in Herkimer County on September 16,
1822, the son of Asa and Clarissa (Nichols) Wilcox,
also natives of that county. His father both followed
agricultural pursuits and conducted a well-stocked
store, besides looking after other business interests,
and thus it happened that Isaiah, during his attend-
ance at the local schools, not only received such an
education as is possible to obtain from books, but
he imbibed much else of great benefit to him in
after years. He progressed so well, indeed, that at
twenty he undertook to teach school, and in that
field he asserted his powers and leadership qualities
to the extent that the authorities induced him twice
to accept the office of superintendent of schools. He
was far from satisfied with pedagogy, however, and
at the age of twenty-four began to study law, partly
under the distinguished Judge Loomis. Unfortu-
nately, too close application to his stud\' impaired
his health, and he was forced to seek outdoor activity.
He took up various occupations, even trying his luck
at cod-fishing off the Banks of Newfoundland, in
1849; and having decided that he must make a still
greater change, he turned his attention to the genial
climate of the Pacific Coast, about which everybody
was then talking, on account of the excitement fol-
lowing the discovery of gold.

Making his way via the Isthmus of Panama, he
at length arrived in San Francisco in 1852; and al-
though he had almost an aversion to mining, he ac-
companied others in search of gold. He worked for
a while at Little York, Waulope and Red Dog, but,
discouraged on account of his continued poor health,
he returned to San Francisco, and soon made his
way to the new town of Alameda. Messrs. Chipman
and Augenbough, founders of the proposed city,
made him foreman of the survey, and he then went
to work in the redwood district north of Oakland. In
partnership with Henderson Llewelling, who had
been a pioneer in importing fruit trees to the West-
ern Coast, he bought 500 acres of land, later laid
out as Fruitvale, but owing to trouble on account
of the title, their plans with the propertj^ were never
made use of. In 1856 he went to San Francisco, and
there, with E. J. Loomis, he established a commis-
sion and produce house that was soon known for its
enterprise and dependability. Two years later, when
the excitement as to gold spread along the Eraser
River, he established stores at Victoria, on Van-
couver Island, but the failure of the mines and the
consequent departure of the miners forced him to
close the shops again.

Concentrating his attention upon the advantages
offered by Alameda County, Mr. Wilco.x engaged
actively in fruit culture there; and in 1867, con-
vinced that Santa Clara County offered still greater
opportunities, he removed hither, settling on Olive
Avenue, three miles northwest of Santa Clara, where
he continued his fruit planting and cultivating on

about sixty acres, lie had some 6,000 trees, mostly
Hartlett pears and ImcucIi prunes, and between the
trees he cultivated onicuis and strawberries, evolving
with the latter a very profitable industry. He had
SIX acres of alfalfa, .-nid managed that corner of his
busy ranch so well that lu' gatliered six crops a year
from the rich land.

Afr. Wilcox vv.as married in 1859 to Miss Mary
hVances .Abbott, the daughter of the California pio-
neer, Stephen .'\bhott, a charming lady, who first
saw the light at Wilton, N. H., and bade adieu to
the scenes of this world on May 1,], 1891, at the
age of fifty-three. The ^vortln' couple were blessed
\vith four sons and one daughter: Frank Asa is the
subject of a review on another page; Harry W. is
deceased, survived by a widow, who resides in the
]%ast; Emily A. Wilcox married Francis J. Henry,
who is engaged in mercantile pursuits at Glendale,
where they reside; Walter I. is a dentist and enjoys
a lucrative practice in San Francisco; he resides on
a part of the premises of the Wilcox Fruit Company,
and is that company's secretary and treasurer. Irving
.'V. Wilco.x, who is married and also lives on a part
of the fruit company's property, is the manager.

Isaiah Alonzo W^ilcox's prominence in the Western
fruit industry is attested by the fact that the Califor-
nia State Horticultural Society selected him as its
representative at the Industrial Exposition in New
Orleans, where he accomplished much to arouse a
live interest in the soil, climate and products of Cali-
fornia, and the fruits of his intelligent and conscien-
tious labors were apparent in the large number of
desirable settlers who afterwards located in the
state. He assisted effectually in organizing the
.American Horticultural Society, and was one of the
founders of the Horticultural Hall .Association of
San Jose, a member of its first board of directors.
He was also one of the first directors in the Bank
of Santa Clara County, and he assisted in founding
the Grangers Bank of California. He was a stock-
holder in the Farmers' Union store in San Jose, and
also in the Santa Clara Cheese Factory. On the
organization of the Santa Clara Grange. Patrons of
Husbandry, he became a charter member, and he
was twice honored as this body's representative in
the State Grange. Later he helped to organize the
San Jose Grange, and became its first worthy
master. He was a standpat Republican, and was a
member of the State Legislature for 1886-88, render-
ing great service to his constituency. After a very
busy and unquestionably useful career, "crowned by
prosperity and blessed by many warm friendships,"
as an earlier writer has said of him, "he entered into
rest April 1, 1897, mourned by the pioneers who had
labored by his side in the early days of Santa Clara
County, and followed to his grave by innumerable
tokens of respect on the part of his former associates
and companions."

PAUL C. SAINSEVAIN.— .A representative of
one of the oldest families in the Santa Clara \'alley
is Paul C. Sainsevain, whose father, Pedro Sainse-
vain, came to San Jose from his native place, Begay,
France, when he was eighteen years of age, in 1836,
and in this old Mission city he met and married
I^liss Paula Suhol, a native daughter of San lose,
whose father, Don Antonio Sui'iol, came hither from
Spain in 1818, and was the second of the foreigners
to come to Santa Clara \'alley. Don .Antonio Suhol

776

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

became a large landowner and a successful and in-
fluential man. On his maternal side Paul C. Sainse-
vain is also descended from the Bcrnal family, his
Great-grandfather Bernal coming hither in 1787 with
the old Mission Fathers.

Pedro Sainsevain built the first sawmill in San
fjcrnardino County, and with his brother Louis set
out a large vineyard at Cucamonga. Then he ran
a sawmill near Santa Cruz and had a grant of land
at Santa Cruz, a part of it now being the site of the
powder works. In 1849 San Prancisco Bay was
full of idle boats, as captains could get no sailors to
man them because of the rush to the mures. Wish-
ing to make a trip to Chile, )vlr. Sainsevain char-
tered a boat and had to guarantee a crew, so he
manned the boat with Indians, made the trip to
Chile, purchased merchandise, and on his return
sold his stock at a profit of $50,000. He also en-
gaged in l)usiness m Verba Buena. When his old-
est children were of suitable age he sent them to
Bordeaux, B'rance, to go to school. The mother
made the trip and remained for some months, and
while she was there Paul C. was born nr Bordeaux,
May 25, 1856. In 1864 Pedro Sainsevain started a
large wine business in New York City, but owing
to the conditions of the times he lost heavily. He
continued on his ranch in San Jose, where he had
116 acres of vineyard, now Sainsevain Villa. After-
wards he was again in business in San Francisco.
Then for about eight years he was in business in
Central America, later returning to San Jose. After his
wife's death he returned to France, where he spent
the rest of his days. They had three children:
Michael, deceased; Charles, a rancher of San Jose,
and Paul C, of this sketcli.

He was educated in the public schools of San
Jose and at Santa Clara College, and after this he
took up the study and practice of surveying and
civil engineering under A. T. Herman for two years;
then with his father he went to Central America,
where he remained for a period of eight years. On
his return to San Jose he became secretary and
manager of the San Jose Electric Light Company.
a position he filled for two j^ears, wdren he accepted
a position with ^Ir. Piener, city engineer of San
Jose, continuing with him until Mr. Pieper's death,
when Mr. Sainsevain received the appointment of
cit\' engineer, serving acceptably for a period of six
years. During this time he laid out the main sewer
and sewer system. Next he was deputy county
assessor under L. A. Snitzer until his death, and
then under Mrs. L. A. Spitzer until the close of her
term of office, when he entered the county surveyor's
office eight years ago, since which time he has been
serving under Mr. Ryder.

Mr. Sainsevain resides in a comfortable home he
owns in .Sainsevain Villa, a subdivision his father
laid out of the 116-acre farm in 1870. In San Fran-
cisco occurred the marriage of Mr, Sainsevain and
Lillian Ebeling. She is a native daughter, born in
San Francisco, whose father was one of the j)ioneer
jewelers of that city. Their union has been blessed
with two children: F^ugenio, died at the age of twen-
ty years, just as he was entering .Stanford Universitv,
and Isabelle, now Mrs. Schweitzer, who has one child,
Rugenio .Schweitzer.

JOSEPH E. RUCKER.— From the date of his
arrival in California, in the early days of 1852, Joseph
E. Rucker was intimately associated with the upbuild-
ing of the Santa Clara Valley, first with its ranching
interests, and later as the founder of the firm popu-
larly known as the Rucker Realty Company, pioneers
in the real estate busmess of this locality and active
factors in its development.

Joseph E. Rucker was born in Howard County,
Mo., in 1831, the son of William T. and Verenda S.
(Taylor) Rucker, who moved to Howard County,
Mo., in 18jO, soon after their marriage in Virginia,
where the father was born in 1809 and the mother in
1810. In 1832 they removed to Saline County, Mo,
and for the next twenty years they engaged in farm-
ing there, successful among their generation and
honored for their many sterling qualities. In 1852 the
whole family made the long trip across the plains to
California, and William T. Rucker succeeded in
bringing through 200 milch cows, no small undertak-
ing in that day, but a very profitable one for him, as
he had purchased them for ten dollars a head and
was able to dispose of them for from $150 to $200 a
head. Soon after arriving here he bought 160 acres
of land southwest of Santa Clara, which he sowed to
wheat, his first crop yielding fifty bushels to the acre.
This was in the season of 1852-53 when seed potatoes
and seed wheat each cost five cents per pound. Mr,
and Mrs. William T. Rucker were the parents of
eleven children: Joseph E., of this review; Mary L.,
Mrs. Benj, Campbell; John S.; W. D.; R. T.; Dr.
H. N.; Z. T.; Nancy C, Mrs. John P. Finley; George
F.; Margaret E., Mrs. Clark; B. W. Mr. Rucker
passed away in 1879, his wife surviving him a number
of years, her death occurring in 1897.

In 1853 Joseph E. Rucker took up eighty acres ot
land, which he farmed until 1855, when he bought a
dairy near Gilroy. In 1858 he disposed of this and
bought a ranch, which he operated until 1864, when
he sold it. Then he bought the ranch at Campbell,
where he lived until he bought a tract of ten acres
in The Willows in 1874, and that same year went
into the real estate business, in which he was engaged
during the remainder of his life. In 1883 he took his
son into partnership with him, the firm becoming J. E.
Rucker & .Son, successors to Rucker & Page, and
this company became foremost among the realty and
insurance concerns of the Santa Clara Valley.

In 1855 Joseph E. Rucker was married to Miss
.Susan Bro«n, a native of Holt County, Mo, who
came to California in 1851 with her parents, Samuel
and .Susan (Woods) Brown. They were also pio-
neer settlers of Missouri, coming there in 1825 from
their old home in Kentucky. Eight children were
Iiorn to Mr. and Mrs. Rucker: AVilliam B., Annie,
deceased; Mary E., now Mrs. M. A. Boulware; James
T. and Samuel N., twins; the latter was a member of
the State Legislature in 1885, and in 1889 was mayor
of San Jose; Joseph H. is now head of the realty
business, with offices in both San Jose and San Fran-
cisco; Susan is the \\\ic of Judge P. F. Gosbey of
S.-m Jose; Lucy M., the wife of Dr. Chas. A. Way-
land. Joseph E. Rucker passed away in 1890, sur-
vi\'cd for seven years by his devoted wife. A life-long
Democrat, he took an active interest in the affairs
of his party, and he was a Mason, belonging to San
Jose Lodge No. 10, F. & A M, Howard Chapter

t.CL.Ui

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

779

No. 14, R. A. M., San Jose Commandcry, K. T., and
San Jose Chapter No. 31, O. E. S. A conscientious
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South,
and a generous supporter of its benevolences, he was
the first single man to join this church in the Santa
Clara Valley, which church was buih by his father
and known as Rucker's Chapel. A worthy pioneer,
he contributed much to the permanent upbuilding and
development of this section of California, his death
closing a career that had been upright and honorable
in every relation of his well-spent life.

FRANK A. WILCOX. — A representative of Santa
Clara County whose success in life has enabled him to
•command an influence helpful to many others besides
himself, is Frank A. Wilcox, widely known for his
association with the Wilcox Fruit Company, resid-
ing on Cofiin Road, three miles to the northwest of
Santa Clara. The son of the Hon. Isaiah Alonzo
Wilcox, one of the most esteemed pioneers of Santa
Clara County, Frank Asa w-as born in Fruitvale,
Alameda County, on November 16, 1860, the eldest
in a family of four sons and one daughter, and while
yet a youth he was fortunate in mastering a thorough
knowledge of the fruit trade, so that long before
most young men, he was able to start in business
for himself with a good practical experience as part
of his capital. Toward the close of 1889, he secured
by purchase twenty acres of choice land lying west of
his father's ranch in Santa Clara Count}-, and com-
menced to raise seeds and fruits, and two years later,
\\t added to his holdings a twelve-acre tract, which
he set out in fruit, and in 1904 he bought another
twenty acres, also for fruit culture. About the same
time he formed a working agreement with Charles
Parker of Santa Clara and W^. H. Metson of San
Francisco, and first undertook the growing of vege-
tables for seeds; and from that early venture of nearly
twenty years ago, sprang the California Seeds, Inc.,
of which Mr. Wilcox was secretary, and they shipped
seeds to all parts of the United States, and even to
Europe. Although so successful in the seed business
that that industry alone almost monopolized his at-
tention, he continued to operate his thirty-two acres,
and also to take care of his one-fifth interest in his
father's estate.

After the death of his father, in 1897, the Wilcox
Fruit Company was incorporated. It took over the
orchards and business of the deceased pioneer, and
developed an enviable property and trade. Its present
officials are F. A. Wilcox, president, I. A. Wilcox,
general manager; and Walter Wilcox, secretary and
treasurer. The company has sold off some land, and
bought other land, since Isaiah A. Wilcox's death,
and at present it has seventy-six acres. Frank A.
Wilcox with his two sons owns eighty-six acres, the
^rhole being devoted to growing pears. Mr. Wilcox
saw the need of drainage for this section, so with
others laid a drain pipe line for 6000 feet to get
a proper outlet, and then he laid tile throughout
his property, which he finds of great benefit to the
land and his growing orchards. He has also installed
En underground system for spraying the trees, oper-
ated from a central plant. By this method spraying-
can be done immediately after a rain, instead of the
eld way of having to wait several weeks for the
ground to dry sulTiciently to allow the hauling of the
tank wagon. He is a stockholder in the Bank of
Italy, and he also is a director in the California Pear

Growers Association, which he helped to establish
in 1918. He helped to organize at San Jose, the Co-
tperative Canneries, a state-wide institution, and he
is a director of the Santa Clara unit.

At Santa Clara, in 188(i, Mr. Wilcox was married
to Miss Mary L. Ortley, a native of Santa Clara
County and the daughter of Cajit. John Jacob and
Almira Ortley, honored pioneers. Her father, one
( t the ablest sea captains of several oceans, brought
his own ship to the Pacific Coast in 1849, and after-
ward engaged in Coast trade; and her mother, who
was Miss Wade before her marriage, crossed the
great plains to the Golden State to reach her longed-
for goal. Captain Ortley, then running a line of
freight steamers between San I'ranciscti and Alviso,
and he and Miss Wade were married on Christmas
Eve, 1858, and they made their home near Alviso.
A sister of Mrs. Wilcox is Mrs. Frank A. Hunter,
and her history is given elsewhere in this work in the
life-story of her husband. Three children blessed
this fortunate union of Mr. and Mrs. Wilcox. Fannie
Almira had become a gifted, promising young lady
of twenty when, in 1907, she died, popular as a grad-
uate of the Santa Clara high school. Lloyd Ortley
Wilcox, married Miss Nola McCline of Santa Clara,
and they have two children, Barbara and Frank Al-
fred. Adrian C. Wilcox, graduated from the Uni-
versity of California and has become an agricultural
expert. He entered the U. S. service and for two
years during the war he was associated with the
Agricultural Department in the work of increasing
the production of wheat — an important work for
which he was especially recommended by his former
professor; he was married to Miss Irma Currie of
Los Angeles, a granddaughter of the founder of Tus-
tin. Orange County. Frank A. Wilcox's father died
on April 1, 1897; and his mother, who was Mary
Frances Abbott before her marriage, breathed her last
on May 13, 1891. In 1906, Mr. and Mrs. Wilcox
built their beautiful residence, which they later re-
modeled, making it a commodious country house. Mr.
Wilcox is an Odd Fellow, a past grand and a past
chief patriarch in the Encampment.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.— Wide-
ly known as among the most attractive of all the ex-
ternal features of the Stanford University, the splen-
didly-equipped and equally splendidly housed library
of that world-famous institution of higher learning,
has become of absorbing interest and abiding satis-
faction both to the discriminating and exacting
scholar, and the ambitious student. Its superb build-
ing alone, according to the well-chosen phrases of
President Ray Lyman Wilbur, materializes a dream
once before almost a reality. When one studies the
simple and effective arrangement of the building, with
its many conveniences, made possible through experi-
ence— illustrative of more than one theory and fore-
thought of the librarian, George Thomas Clark, and
and those associated with him in the immense labor
of calling again into creation such a storehouse with
all its complicated machinery — be cannot but thmk
that perhaps the earthquake may b.ave been kind m
its rude shattering of former hopes. The erection of
the library has hastened the inevitable rearrangement
of roads through the campus so as to provide the
easiest access to the residence district, in spite of the
great projected quadrangles blocking the direct course
from Palo Alto, and, attracti\-e without, and beautiful

780

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

in its simplicity within, the new hbrary has taken its
firm place in the life of Stanford scholarship.

When Stanford University first opened its doors
for instruction on October 1, 1891, there were only
3,000 volumes in its library, and the home of the
library was in the building occupied of late by the
\'d\\ library. At the end of the first year, there were
still accommodations for only about 100 readers, in
one large room, but the number of volumes had in-
creased to 8,000, and these books were on shelves
capable of holding 10,000 more; so that it is safe to
say that, in the first few years, the most important of
all works available for student use were in the pri-
vate collections of the professors, assembled at the
latter's expense. In this first year, however, was ac-
(juired the valuable gift from Timothy Hopkins of
some 2,000 volumes on railroads, the nucleus of the
10,000 volumes he was ultimately to give as the Hop-
kins Railway Library. At the end of the second
year, the librar5''s staff consisted of a librarian and
two student assistants, and the library, contained
15,600 books. At the close of this second year, oc-
curred the death of Senator Stanford, followed by
attempts on the part of the government to invalidate
the deed to the university, so that had it not been for
the continued munificent interest of Mr. Hopkins in
the welfare of the institution, the library would have
made little or no progress because of want of funds.
The library, for example, had less than $2,000 to
spend for books during the second year, and Mr. Hop-
kins alone gave three times that amount. In this
year was also acquired by purchase through private
subscriptions and eventually through the proceeds of
a great fair, or kirmess, in which nearly the whole
of the university took part, the valuable library of
Professor Hildebrand of Germany on Germanic phi-
lology and early literature, — a magnificent collection,
comprising about 4,600 volumes and over 1,000 pam-
phlets. Edwin H. Woodruff, wdio w^as the librarian
at Stanford from 1891, accepted a professorship of
law at Cornell University several years later, and in
time Herbert C. Nash, long private secretary for
Senator Stanford, contributed his intelligence and fine
personal qualities in helping to bridge over the diffi-
cult and lean years of the library. Not the least in-
teresting items in the history of this indispensable
adjunct of the university is the record of work per-
formed in 1898 by some seventy-eight volunteer stu-
dents, who, under the able direction of A. V. Babine,
prepared a card catalogue.

The teinporary quarters of the library being out-
grown, Thomas Welton Stanford of Australia, who
had already given 2,000 volumes on that country, do-
nated $300,000 for a new library in the outer quad-
rangle, and when it was first occupied, over 50,000
volumes were installed — all removed through the vol-
untary assistance of about 250 students. The library
of the Department of Law, recently enlarged through
the private libraries of Supreme Justice Stephen J.
Field and others, moved in where the main library
had been. In 1901, Melvin G. Dodge, librarian of
Hamilton College, became associate librarian, and was
eventually made acting librarian, took hold, and dur-
ing his administration, which lasted until 1907, the
Dewey system of classification was adopted. In 1904,
as it was evident that the library building in the outer
quadrangle would not be adequate for the permanent
home of the growing library, and also was not prop-
erly protected from fire, Mrs. Stanford began the

construction of a new library building in front of the
quadrangle buildings. This building was about com-
pleted, except for interior finishing and furnishing,
when it was destroyed by the earthqviake of 1906 be-
3'ond hope of economical reconstruction. In Febru-
ary, 1905, Mrs. Jane L. Stanford, on departing for
Honolulu for the benefit of her health, arranged for
the creation of a Jewel Fund, by the sale of her
jewels, for the purchase of books, and since Mrs.
Stanford never returned alive, the Jewel Fund was
established by the trustees in 1908. The bequest was
made none too soon: the same year, 1906, the earth-
quake destroyed not only the prospective library
home, but neighboring libraries as well, and the board,
of trustees were face to face with the necessity for
immediate disbursements of a generous nature. In
1907, the librarianship, made vacant by Mr. Nash's
death, was awarded George T. Clark, then the suc-
cessful librarian of the San Francisco Public Library,
and under his exceptional leadership, the Stanford
Library entered upon a new era of development in
which, since then, there has never been any back-
ward movements. Valuable accessions to the gen-
eral library have been made from time to time, and
these have included the valuable professional libra-
ries of President Emeritus John Casper Branner, on
geology, and the late Professor Ewald Fluegel on
English philology and early English literature. Among
the donors of particular service to the library in these
later periods are Timothy Hopkins, Thomas Welton
Stanford, David Starr Jordan, John C. Branner, Her-
bert Hoover, Charles G. Lathrop, Horace Davis, and
J. E. Hewston. In 1913, the Board of Trustees de-
cided to construct a new^ building in keeping with
the wants of the university, and one that would meet
the growth of the university for many years to come,
but the erection of this iiiiportant structure was de-
layed by the World War and the national needs ap-
pealing to patriots generally. At present the Uni-
versity Library, which has a staff of twenty-nine
members and sixteen student assistants, comprises
over 350,000, about 50,000 of which are permanently
housed in the Lane Medical Library in San Francisco,
and some 25,000 in the Law Library; and since the
new library building will accommodate about 700,000
volumes, adequate accommodations tor titty years to
come has been provided.

The Library of Stanford University has been placed
in such a position as to terminate the cross vista of
the quadrangles in much the same way that the
church terminates the vista of the central axis; and
when the buildings adjacent to the library are com-
pleted, the library will have a large open court in
front, flanked by smaller buildings. The structure is
180 feet wide by 235 feet deep, of steel construction
reinforced by concrete floors and roof slabs, and the
latter are covered with red tile in harmony with the
other buildings of the university. The main facade
is of San Jose sandstone, and the side and rear facades
are of buffed brick, trimmed with sandstone. Just
as the library itself is the central feature of the sec-
ond quadrangle, the space under the cupola is the
the central feature of the library. It is the place
w-here the stafif and the public meet; and sentimen-
tally, as well as actually, it is the heart of the library.
The shape of this high room and its proportions lend
themselves admirably to a Romanesque treatment.
There is a very strong suggestion of the Byzantine,

u,j4-^c^Cc^^<^-^^^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

7S3

as is quite often found in Romanesque work, wliieh
is further carried out by the lumging lights.

The reading room is a well proportioned room, 42
by 177 feet, and here, as in the whole interior treat-
ment, the architects attempted to express the some-
what ascetic character of the monastic architecture
of the early middle ages, which is the type used in
the university buildings. At the right of the deliv-
er>' hall is the main stack, equipped with shelves for
o40,000 volumes, but with an ultimate capacity of
700.000 volumes. Across the western front are ar-
ranged the periodical room, the Timothy Hopkins
room and the faculty reading room. On the third
floor is the seminar library, with five seminar rooms.
while in the mezzanine between the second and third
floors are four additional seminars and also eleven
cubicles to be used for special assignment. Notwith-
standing the handicap of war conditions, the work on
this superb library structure proceeded with so little
serious interruption that it was made ready for
occupancy on July 7, 1919.

JOHN ZUINGLIUS ANDERSON.— A life of
great usefulness and far-reaching influence was ended
on May 21, 1916, when John Zuinglius Anderson was
called to his final rest at the age of eighty-seven
years. He was one of the sturdy pioneers of Cali-
fornia and his name is written high on the roll of
the honored dead who were among the real builders
and promoters of the state. A man of marked initia-
tive, enterprise and determination, his distinguished
ability would have gained him leadership in any voca-
tion which he chose to follow. Descending from
Scotch progenitors and early identified with the his-
tory of America, the Anderson family possesses the
high principles of honor characteristic of the one
race and the independent and enterprising spirit of
tne other nation. Loyal to the land of their adop-
tion, they have furnished representatives to aid the
country in almost every war in its history. The
great-grandfather of John Z. Anderson was a Revo-
lutionary soldier, enlisting with a regiment from old
Virginia. The grandfather, George S., removed from
that state to Pennsylvania, settling among the pio-
neers of Crawford County. When the War of 1812
began he was prevented from becoming a participant
by his responsibility as the head of a family, but two
of his sons responded to the call for volunteers and
showed the fighting spirit of their Revolutionary an-
cestor. When the family settled in Pennsylvania,
George, the father of John Z., who was born in Vir-
ginia, was a child of two years. Early in life he be-
came interested in general farming and stock busi-
ness and for a number of years engaged as a drover
over the inountains to the big cities of eastern Penn-
sylvania. The dairy business also claimed his atten-
tion for many years. His life was passed in the same
locality and he lived to be eighty-nine years of age.
His marriage united him with Miss Elizabeth Free-
man, a native of New Jersey of English extraction,
who accompanied her father, Thomas Freeman, to
Pennsylvania when thirteen years of age and settled
on a farm in Crawford County.

In this family of eleven children, of whom he w^as
the only one to establish a home in California, John
Z, Anderson was the fourth in order of birth. In
this favored section of the East, he grew to manhood,
receiving a good education, and being trained in hab-
its of industry and perseverance. Becoming inter-

ested in the ne\\ly discovered gold regions of Cali-
tornia, he decided to seek the new Eldorado, so in
ro,S2 he ni.ide his way to California, being at that
time twenty-txvo years old. He made the journey on
the ship Daniel Webster to Greylown, when he
crossed by the Nicaragua route to the west coast
and thence on the vessel Pacific to San h'rancisco.
When the ship cast anchor he hastened to the mines
on the American River and for nine months followed
the adventurous life of a miner, but failing to find the
coveted gold in sufficient quantities to be paying, he
turned his attention to general farming in the Suisun
Valley in Solano County, in which he met with suc-
cess. In 1857 he returned to Pennsylvania, where
his marriage occurred. He returned with his bride
to Solano County. Cal.. and for ten years continued a
resident of this state, but in 1866 revisited Pennsyl-
vania with the intention of remaining in the East.
However, he was not long satisfied with that part of
the country and soon returned to the Golden State,
establishing his home in San Jose, where he spent
the remaining years of his life.

While ranchin.g at Suisun, in the early days, Mr.
Anderson also operated a line of freight teams from
California to Nevada, hauling supplies to the princi-
pal mining camps in that state, being thus occupied
from 1863 until 1865 and winning substantial suc-
cess in his operations along that line. Following his
location in San Jose, he became interested in the
fruit industry, shipping fruit to the East. He con-
ceived the idea of shipping fresh fruit from California
to the eastern cities by refrigeration, and many
thought this a very impracticable idea, but he refused
to abandon his project, so to test out he converted a
freight car into a refrigerator car, dividing it into
small sections and providing it with a plentiful sup-
ply of ice; thus he shipped the first carload of ripe
cherries from California to Chicago, the fruit being
sent from San Jose. The cherries arrived at their
destination in fine condition, and long-distance ship-
ping of fresh fruit by refrigeration thus became a
realized fact. Mr. Anderson invented the present
cherry box used for shipping cherries that has since
become so popular and in general use. He was urged
by his friends to protect it by patents, but he refused
to do so, being desirous that all should profit by his
inventive genius. He was also first to employ
women packers in his packing and shipping of cher-
ries, thus opening a way for a new industry for
women. Mr, Anderson was the first man in this
state to ship ripe olives in carload lots to the East.
He became the heaviest shipper of fresh fruits in Cali-
fornia, sending consignments to Denver, Chicago
and all of the large centers in the Middle West. Mr.
Anderson was president of the J. Z. Anderson Fruit
Company, being associated with his son, George, in
this business until he retired from active business
life. He was also president of the California Fruit
Union, which was organized in 1883, the lirst co-
operative fruit marketing organization formed for
shipping California fruits to the East. He was never
satisfied with old and w^orn-out business methods, but
was constantly striving for improvement and advance-
ment, and although a few of his experiments did not
prove the success anticipated, he enjoyed a large
degree of success and was responsible for many inno-
vations of value, resulting in a notable saving of time
and increased eflnciency. His nature was a buoyant

784

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

one and he never allowed himself to become dis-
couraged by failure or defeat. He possessed the
ability to think in large terms and his plans were
carefully formulated and promptly executed.

At Meadville, Pa., in 1857, Mr. Anderson was united
in marriage to Miss Sarah E. Sloane, a daughter of
Samuel and Elizabeth (Van Home) Sloane, the for-
mer a native of Philadelphia, Pa., wdiilc the latter,
born near Meadville, was a member of an old Knick-
erbocker family; her Great-grandfather Van Horne
was born in Holland, while her grandfather, Cornelius
Van Horne, a native of New Jersey, was the first
white settler to locate at Meadville and was cap-
tured by the Indians during one of the marauding
expeditions in Pennsylvania, but in the course of
time made his escape. As has been stated he was a
pioneer of Meadville and became a very prominent
man, the father of a distinguished family and lived to
be nearly one hundred years of age. Mrs. Anderson's
wedding ring was made from gold mined by her hus-
band in California in early days. She survived her
husband, passing away January 16, 1920, when eighty-
five years of age. She was a woman of much per-
sonal charm, culture and refinement, who was de-
voted to her husband and children, a noble, true and
loving mother in every sense of the word, whose
memory is cherished and loved by all who knew her.

They became the parents of ten children; Elizabeth
died at the age of fifteen years; Robert died when
but two years old; Josephine departed this life when
young; George H. is engaged in the fruit business in
San Jose; Grace died at the age of thirty-two; Alden,
who was formerly lieutenant-governor of California,
also serving as assemljlyman and speaker of the
house, is now president of the Capital National Bank
at Sacramento; Callie E. and Edwin F. were twins,
the latter of whom died when but a year old; and
Elmer E. and Wilbur, were also twins, the former
a resident of Southern California, while the latter
died in infancy. Miss Callie E. Anderson, was born
in San Jose and acquired her education in the gram-
mar and high schools of this city, after which she
attended the State Normal School of San Jose.

Mr. Anderson W'as always an inspiration to young
men and his advice to them was to engage in business
tor themselves and having chosen their business to
throw all of their energy into it and by right doing
and thinking make a success of it, and many a busi-
ness man of today gives credit of their success in
life to his advice and counsel. Mr. Anderson gave
his political allegiance to the Republican party and
he was at one time connected with the Ancient Order
ri United Workmen. He was a prominent Mason,
li,:iving membership in the Blue Lodge, Chapter and
Commandery at San Jose. He took a deep interest
in preserving data and relics pertaining to pioneer-
ing and early historical events in California and was
very active in the formation and served as president
ef the Santa Clara County Pioneer Society for ten
years, spending much time to further its importance,
as well as looking to the comfort of the old pioneers —
being very solicitous regarding their welfare. A man
of pleasing personality, always affable, Mr. Anderson
v.'as well known and esteemed and everyone who
knew him was his friend. He was a l>ig man — big
in that power which understands conditions, grasps
situations and molds opportunity into tangible as-
sets. Plis was an admirable character, worthy of all

praise, and the record of his achievements is the best
commentary upon his life and upon his ability and
enterprise. Plis honesty and integrity of purpose
gained him the greatest confidence and respect, so
much so that no man in Santa Clara County was
more trusted than John Zuinglius Anderson.

JOHN HARRIS HENDY.— A distinctive place in
the citizenship of Santa Clara County belongs to the
late John Harris Hendy, who contributed greatly to
the building up of this county by the establishment
of the largest manufacturing enterprise here, for it is
to the enterprise and industry of such strong and
forceful men that the continued prestige of Santa
Clara Valley is due. Mr. Hendy was born at Aiken.
S. C, March 31, 1861, and was a nephew of Joshua
Hendy, w^ho built the first redwood mill in California
and was the founder of the Joshua Hendy Iron
Works, then located in San Francisco. The father of
John H. Hendy gave his life for his country during
the Civil War, leaving two sons, John and Samuel,
to whom Joshua Hendy gave a father's care.

John H. Hendy was fourteen years old when he
and his brother Samuel came out to San Francisco
to live with their uncle. He soon entered the plant,
starting in to learn every detail of the work, so what
little schooling he received was at night school, yet
he completed a course as mechanical draftsman and
by close application to business during the day be-
came an expert machinist. After the death of their
uncle the two brothers took full charge of the great
business, John H. being vice-president and superin-
tendent until his brother's death in April, 1906, when
he was elected president of the company, also con-
tinuing as superintendent. During the great fire and
earthquake of 1906 the plant was entirely destroyed,
but in spite of this loss Mr. Hendy was not discour-
aged, but determined to rebuild. Desiring more
space for the works, he looked around for a suitable
location and selected Sunnyvale, now the site of the
mammoth iron plant.

In San F^rancisco, on July 28, 1892, Mr. Hendy
was united in marriage with Miss Alberta M. Theuer-
kauf, a daughter of G. W. and Mary (Hertel)
Theuerkauf, pioneers of the '50s who settled at Cu-
pertino, where Mrs. Hendy was born. Her education
was obtained in the grammar and high schools and
later she was a student of the University of the Pa-
cific at San Jose. Mr. and Mrs. Hendy were the
parents of one daughter, Gladys Marie, who became
the wife of Capt. Rexford Shores of the U. S. Army.
Seven years ago Mr. Hendy built a beautiful, modem
residence at Sunnyvale, on Murphy Avenue, set
amidst the live oaks and surrounded by spacious
grounds with beautiful lawns and flowers. On May
8, 1920, Mr. Hendy, who was then fifty-nine years
old, suffered a stroke of apoplexy and passed away
on May 11 at his Sunnyvale home, and he was buried
at Cypress Lawn Cemetery with Masonic honors.

l''or many years Mr. Hendy was associated with
Fifth Regiment, National Guard of California, rising
to the rank of major. During the administration of
Governor Pardee he was appointed colonel on the
governor's staff, and then as colonel on Governor
Gillette's staff. For several years he had served as
a trustee of the city of Sunnyvale, and at the time
of his death was chairman of the board, and he had
also been a member of the l)oard of school trustees.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

7S5

After locating tht iron works at Suiin\'valc and tak-
ing up his residence there, he was an indefatigable
worker for the upbuilding of the cit\', doing all he
could for its progress along modern, sanitary lines,
and although a very busy man he was never so occu-
pied that he did not give every attention to the re-
sponsibilities ot the office he had assumed. He was
a member of Occidental Lodge No. o5, b. & A. M.,
San Francisco, a charter member of the Olympic
Club of that city, and also of the Union League Club,
being a stanch Repubhcan. He was well known in
business and social circles in San Francisco, and that
city, as well as the citizens of Santa Clara County,
deeply mourned his untimely taking away. While
all the days of his career were not equally bright and
the storm clouds at times gathered, yet he never be-
came discouraged or disheartened by conditions, and
his resolute spirit and energy enabled him to over-
come obstacles and difficulties. Mrs. Hendy, who as
a true and devoted helpmate assisted her late hus-
band by sympathy and encouragement, still resides
at the Sunnyvale home, surrounded by a large circle
of loving friends, and there she pursues her daily
tasks with that assurance that she "hath done what
she could." never shirking her full duty, and her life
is fuller and better thereby.

RAY LYMAN WILBUR, LL. D.— A distinguished
American educator who has done much to make
California favorably known in circles of higher learn-
ing throughout the world. Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur,
President of Stanford University, and the leader in
all of the many and varied activities of that great in-
stitution, has come to exert the most enviable in-
fluence wherever a son or daughter of Stanford may
he found, his mental calibre and the warmth of his
genial, impelling personality being as impressive as
his immense, commanding physique. He has been
at the helm of Stanford for the past six years; and it
is only fair to say, without invidious comparisons or
the disparagement in the least of any predecessor —
Stanford invariably standing for loyalty to its rec-
ognized chiefs — that the University, of which Cali-
fornians are so justly proud, has never had a better
presiding officer. He was born at Boonesboro, Iowa,
on April 13, 1875, the son of Dwight Locke Wilbur,
a native of Ohio and a graduate of the Law School
of the University of Michigan, who had settled for
the practice of law at Boonesboro, and had also be-
come a coal operator there. From Boonesboro he
moved to the Dakota Territory, and there became
interested, as agent of the Northern Pacific Railwaj',
in selling railway land. From Dakota he removed
again still farther West to Riverside, Cal., and there
acquired an orange grove. He took a lively interest
in local commercial aft'airs and was elected chairman
of the Board of Trade of Riverside. He also evinced
an intense interest in popular education and very
naturally was made a member of the Riverside
School Board. When he retired, he chose Los An-
geles as his residence, and there he lived until he was
sixty-four years old. While still in Ohio, Mr. Wilbur
was married to Miss Edna Maria Lyman, a daughter
of Elias and Hannah (Proctor J Lyman and a rep-
resentative of another long-established American
family, the Lymans and the Proctors, like the Wil-
burs, having come to New England in the earliest

periods there. Prior to his marriage, Dwight Locke
Wilbur enlisted for service in the Union Army as a
member of the 87th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and
being destined for capture had the distinction of fall-
ing into the hands of the famous Stonewall Jackson.
He was paroled, and returned to Ohio; and then,
with his wife, he removed to Iowa. Mrs. Wilbur
died in Los Angeles, the mother of six children,
among whom our subject was the fourth child.

Ray Lyman Will)ur was only eight years old when
his parents moved into the Dakota Territory and
settled in what is now North Dakota; and at James-
town he gre\v up and attended the local schools.
Coming to Riverside he continued his schooling and
in 1892 was graduated from the Riverside high
school. He then matriculated at Stanford University
in 1892 and was duly graduated therefrom in 1896.
He continued another year at Stanford and in 1897
rounded out his Master of Arts work. He next took
up the study of medicine and in 1899 was graduated,
with the coveted M. D. degree, from the Cooper
Medical College at San Francisco. In the course of
time Dr. Wilbur went abroad for post-graduate study
and during 1903-04 was a student at Frankfort-on-the-
Main and also at London, and during 1909-10 he was
at the University of Munich.

On December 5, 1898, Dr. Wilbur was married at
San I'Vancisco to Miss Marguerite May Blake, a
native of the Bay metropolis and the daughter of Dr.
Charles E. Blake, a prominent physician and one of
the lecturers at the College of the Pacific, in the
medical department which later became the Cooper
Medical College. Dr. and Mrs. Wilbur have five
children: Jessica, Blake C, Dwight L., Lois Proctor,
and Ray Lyman, Jr.

During 1896-7, Dr. Wilbur was instructor in phys-
iology at Stanford University, and during 1899-1900
he was lecturer and demonstrator in physiology at
the Cooper Medical College; and from 1900-03 he
was assistant professor of physiology at Stanford
University. From 1909 to 1916 he was professor of
medicine at Stanford University, and from 1911 to
1916 he was dean of the Medical School there. On
January 1, 1916, he was inaugurated president of
Stanford University succeeding Dr. John Caspar
Branner, its former president, now deceased, who in
turn had succeeded David Starr Jordan, now chan-
cellor emeritus. In 1917, Mr. Herbert Hoover asked
Dr. Wilbur to become chief of the Conservation Divi-
sion of the U. S. Food Administration at Washing-
ton, and he also acted in that year as a member of
the California State Council of Defense. He was
regional educational director of the S. A. T. C,
District No. 11, in 1918, and in 1919 he \\as president
of the California State Confederation of Social Agen-
cies. Both the University of California and the Uni-
versity of Arizona conferred on Dr. Wilbur the
honorary LL. D. degree in 1919; he is a Fellow of
the A. A. A. S., a member of the American Academy
of Medicine, of which he was president in 1912-13,
and he is a Phi Beta Kappa. He belongs to the Uni-
versity, Commonwealth, Bohemian, and Pacific LTnion
clubs, and is not only highly esteemed and revered
as a profound scholar and a patriot, like his predeces-
sor. Dr. Jordan, but also, and equally popular, as a
man of the greatest cordiality and gifted with winning
qualities attracting to him the ambitious youth.

786

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

The year 1922 \vill be remembered as the j'ear of
ihe campaign to raise the first million for the Stan-
lord Endowment. President Wilbur has thrown him-
self heart and soul into this work and has met with
heartiest response from the Alumni. At the present
writing, June 1, 1922, success is apparent, as $900,000
of the $1,000,000 has already been secured. Addition-
al glory was added to Stanford when on May 25,
1922, Dr. Wilbur was elected president of the Amer-
ican Medical Association. He will assume office at
next year's convention.

WILLIAM R. PORTER.— Among those whose
intelligently directed labors have resulted in the agri-
cultural development of Santa Clara County is Wil-
liam R. Porter, who is the owner of one of the most
valuable prune orchards in this part of the state and
is also fruit buyer for Hunt Brothers' Packing Com-
pany. A native son of California, he w^as born in
Watsonville, January 22, 1886, of the marriage of
Cliarles Henry and Elizabeth Ann (Underbill) Por-
ter. In the maternal line he is a member of an
old English family, while the American progenitor
of the Porter famil)' was a native of Scotland, es-
tablishing his home in this country during the period
of the Revolutionary War. The paternal grandfather.
Dr. John Porter, followed the profession of medi-
cine and was a man of marked patriotism and public
spirit. In commemoration of his professional serv-
ice and unselfish devotion to the sick of Duxbury
and environs, the people of that region erected to
his memory an impressive monument. He was one
of the most prominent men of his day and was a
l)ersonal friend of Daniel Webster. His daughter,
Jane Porter, married Dr. Bancroft and on her wed-
ding day Daniel Webster presented her with a
diamond ring which she kept until her death. She
willed it to her niece and namesake, Jane Elizabeth
Porter, a sister of the subject of this sketch, and
when she died it went to her mother, who in turn
presented it to her son, William R. Porter, on his
wedding day and it is now one of his cherished
keepsakes. The grandmother, Ann (Thomas) Por-
ter, was also a member of an old family and the
possessor of considerable talent in poetry, being able
to compose letters in rhyme, and she became well
known as a poetess. William Porter's mother was
a native of Boston, Mass. Her parents, James and
Ann (Todd) Underbill, came from Devonshire, Eng-
land, to Massachusetts, and she was the youngest
of their five children and the only member of the
family born in the United States. George K. Por-
ter, an uncle of our subject, came to California in
the early '60s. finally settling at what is now San
Fernando, Cal., where he owned a large ranch and
here he was joined about ten years later by his
brother, Charles H. Porter, who afterward returned
to Boston to visit his old home, where his marriage
occurred; with his bride he went to Kansas City,
Mo., being employed in the car shops of the Santa
l-'c Railroad, but owing to ill health he left that city
and returned to Boston, where for a short time he
was emploj'cd as a master mechanic. He then re-
turned to California, settling in Watsonville, where
he purchased an eighty-acre ranch and devoted his
attention to farming, and also to the harness and
saddlery business. To Mr. and Mrs. Porter were
born three children: James U., a rancher of Santa
Clara County; Jane Elizabeth, who died in 1900, at

the age of sixteen years and seven months; and Wil-
liam R., the subject of our review. Charles H.
Porter and his wife now live retired in San Jose.

In the pursuit of an education, William R. Por-
ter attended the Watsonville grammar schools and
then went to Boston, where he completed a course
in Comers Business College. On completing his
studies he secured a position as office assistant with
Wason & Company, a large wholesale grocery house
in Boston, established in 1837, and remained with
that firm for five years, being promoted until he
became a traveling salesman. In 1905 he returned to
California with the family, and going to San Fran-
cisco, he became assistant cashier and bookkeeper
for the Winchester Repeating Arms Company, with
which he remained for seven months, or until the
time of the earthquake. Six weeks afterward, when
their plant was established in Alameda County, he
again entered the service of that corporation, con-
tinuing with them until the plant was discontinued.
His father had purchased a twenty-seven acre fruit
ranch at Los Catos and William assisted in its de-
velopment and cultivation. In 1913 with his brother
he purchased his father's ranch and they engaged in
the raising of poultry. Starting with eighteen hens,
he soon developed a large business, having at one
time as many as 2,000 laying hens. For fourteen
years he successfully conducted this business with
the exception of the year 1911, when he acted as cash-
ier of the A. H. Martin Grain Company of San Jose,
the undertaking then being managed by his brother.
In 1916 Mr. Porter purchased the interest of his
brother and continued the business alone until 1920,
when he sold the ranch. In 1918 he had accepted
a temporary position wdth the Hunt Brothers Pack-
ing Company, but his services were so valuable to
the concern that he was induced to remain and is
now their fruit buyer, largely confining his opera-
tions to Santa Clara County, although he visits the
entire state in their interests. He resides on his ten-
acre prune ranch, situated on Prune Ridge Avenue,
a short distance west of San Jose, purchasing the
land in May, 1920, and paying for it one of the high-
est prices ever paid for ranch land in the Santa Clara
Valley. It is well irrigated and supplied with all
modern improvements, constituting one of the model
fruit farms of the county.

In San Jose, on December 15, 1915, Mr. Porter
married !\Iis3 Elsie A. Aschmann, a native of San
Francisco and a daughter of William A. and EHza-
beth (Jung) Aschmann, one of the old-time mer-
chants of San Francisco. Mrs. Porter attended the
grammar and high schools of San Francisco and by
her marriage has become the mother of a daughter,
June Elizabeth. Mr. Porter is a Republican in his
political views and fraternally he is identified with
the Masons, belonging to Los Gatos Lodge No. 292,
F. & A. M., and with his wife is a member of the
Eastern Star. Throughout his career he has closely
applied himself to the work in hand, and he now
ranks with the successful orchardists and valued citi-
zens of Santa Clara County.

MRS. MAYME ELLIOTT BARRY.— A proficient
and popular official, whose fidelity to duty, together
with a charming personality, has appealed to all hav-
ing occasion to invoke her services, is Mrs. Mayme
Elliott Barry, superintendent of the Palo Alto Hos-
pital, where she is also house anaesthetist— a woman

'M/^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

787

of remarkable natural ability and wide, valuable expe-
rience, intensely interested in her arduous weirk. She
was born at Payette, Idaho, the daughter of Thomas
Elliott, an Idaho pioneer mining man, now deceased,
but onee well known to the Inland Empire, the Pa-
cific Coast and the Pacific Northwest; and she was
educated at Whitman College, in Washington. She
took her first training in nursing at the General Hos-
pital, at Walla Walla, Wash., and then went to Chi-
cago and there pursued post-graduate work in hos-
pital management and anaesthesia at the Columbia
and the Chicago Post Graduate hospitals.

Returning to Washington, she took charge of the
Walla Walla General Hospital as superintendent and
house anaesthetist, but on resigning from that posi-
tion, she continued courses in anaesthesia at Cleve-
land and in New York City. Then she came to Cali-
fornia and became identified with the Peninsular Hos-
pital at Palo Alto — now known as the Palo Alto Hos-
pital— and she remained there as superintendent until
1917, when she resigned her position and established
herself at Palo Alto in private practice as an anaesthe-
tist. In July, 1918, however, she was appointed by
the U. S. Surgeon-General as anaesthetist-at-large
with the American forces abroad, and she w-ent im-
mediately to Meres Center, in France, four hours by
train from Paris, where she had charge of all the
anaesthetists in that hospital. She did not return with
her base to the United States, as the value of her
professional services had now become recognized
and a continuation of her services was demanded.
She was next sent to Dijon, France, where she be-
came chief anaesthetist, and served until July, 1919,
when the American Hospital at Dijon was transferred
to the United States. Immediately thereafter, in re-
sponse to telegrams from Coblenz, Mrs. Barry was
sent to the Evacuation Hospital No. 27, in Germany,
and she became anaesthetist there, as it was desired
to have one who could administer nitrous-oxide as an
expert. When a base hospital was formed at Coblenz,
some Americans returning to the United States and
other Americans taking their places, she remained
and became chief anaesthetist, but in March, 1920, on
account of illness in her family, she returned to Cali-
fornia and Palo Alto, and immediately resumed her
work as superintendent and chief anaesthetist at the
Palo Alto Hospital.

This, the Peninsular Hospital, w^as taken over by
Stanford University, which operated it in coopera-
tion with the Palo Alto city government. On July 1,
1921, the hospital was sold to the city of Palo Alto,
and the city in turn leased it to Stanford University,
on a twenty-year lease, with Dr. George Somers as
superintendent. Now its status is such among hos-
pitals of the state that her present responsible post
may well be regarded as the fitting climax in Mrs.
Barry's career.

Her father, Thomas Elliott, was a native of De-
catur, and when the gold excitement broke out, he
was attending boarding school in his home town. He
ran away, and crossed the great plains while making
his way as the driver of a freight team; and he
reached California late in 1849. In time he became
identified wnth early mining interests, as well as poli-
tics, in Idaho, and it was he who discovered and de-
veloped the celebrated Sub-Rosa gold mine in the
Boise, Idaho, Basin. He brought all the mining ma-
chinery across the plans from the East, and made and
lost three fortunes. While at Boise, he was married

to Miss Jane Margaret Starr, a native of Iowa, and
an .'iccomplished young lady several years his junior,
who had herself crossed the plains to Ogden, Utah,
and then moved on to Idaho. Now, at the ripe age
of sixty, she resides in comfort at Baker, Ore., the
wife of Charles W. Durkee, who developed the cele-
brated Durkec Mines at Baker city. Three sons in
the family of Mr. and Mrs. Elliott arc still living:
Jess H. Elliott is interested in mines at Baker; and
Paul T. Elliott, who was in the service of his country
abroad during the war, resides near Hoplands, Cal.,
where he is following" agricultural pursuits. Norman
A. Elliott, also abroad in the defense of his country,
is a graduate of the University of California and will
continue the study of medicine.

WILLIAM COX. — An interesting California pio-
neer and orchardist, who was an upbuilder of Santa
Clara County, was found in William Cox, who came
to the Santa Clara Valley in 1852. He was an
Ohioan by birth, being born at Coshocton, on Janu-
ary 21, 1827, a son of John and Mary (Hammel)
Cox, the former a native of Virginia and the latter
of Pennsylvania, both parents being taken to Ohio
while small children and there grew to young man-
hood and young womanhood. In 1846 they removed
to Lee County, Iowa, where they made their per-
manent home, residing there until their death. They
reared a family of two sons and five daughters. Wil-
liam, the eldest son, lived with his parents until 1852,
when he, his father, John Cox, and a sister, Mrs.
Serena BIythe, came across the plains, and were
about six months making the trip. There were four
wagons in the party who came through together to
the Santa Clara Valley, Capt. Robert Gruwell com-
manding the party. William at once hired out as
farm hand, and he and his wife, for a time, worked
at anything they could get to do, and one of the
first debts thej' paid was money borrowed to pay for
ferrying across rivers on their way across the plains.
The next season he rented a piece of land from his
brother-in-law, Samuel A. BIythe, and put in a
crop. In 1874 he bought seventy acres, which was
under a Spanish title at that time, and a few years
later bought more land, until he owned 315 acres, all
under cultivation. He set a number of acres to vine-
yard and planted an orchard of French prunes, also
peaches, apricots, pears and apples, and was one of
the most extensive grain growers in his locality.

The marriage of Mr. Cox occurred on August 10,
1848, in Lee County, Iowa, and united him with Miss
Dicey Baggs, a native of Champaign County, Ohio.
They were the parents of the following children :
John was a rancher and died on his home farm;
Jacob M. was also a rancher, as well as office deputy
county clerk, who passed away in San Jose; Maria
was the wife of Andrew Loyst; Mary Jane is Mrs.
Henry C. Walter, and they own and reside on the
old William Cox home place; George W. is an en-
thusiastic orchardist on a farm of the old Cox ranch;
Joseph E. and La Fayette are prominent orchardists
on a part of their father's old homestead; Elmira
and William are deceased. The family are deeply
attached to their father's old home and have, with-
out exception, retained the portion of the estate
they inherited, which they have greatly improved
by setting it out to orchards, now full-bearing, ^ Even
though they have other interests, their sentiments
hold them to the old homestead and they cling to

^88

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

and revere their father's memory and are worthy
descendants of a worthy sire. William Cox was a
school trustee for some years in the early days. He
was a Methodist in religion, and a truly good man.

JAMES E. BEAN. — As a successful horticultur-
ist and upbuilder of Santa Clara County, James E.
Bean as thoroughly merits as he also thoroughly en-
joys the esteem and good will of his fellow-citizens,
and his excellent judgment in business matters had
given him a place of well-deserved prominence, since
his advice can ever be given the utmost reliance. Mr.
Bean was born at Minneapolis, Minn., on February
28, 1862, the son of James and Roanna (Fox) Bean,
substantial American citizens, esteemed and influen-
tial wherever they have resided. The father, who was
born in New Hampshire in 1822, removed to Minne-
sota and for years was the United States paymaster
to the Chippewa Indians. During his residence there
he became interested in banking and various commer-
cial enterprises. In 1880 he removed to West Branch,
Iowa, where he remained for two years, and then
came out to San Jose, Cal. He and his wife took up
their residence on the Alameda, and there at the
splendid old age of ninety-three, Mr. Bean died, his
wife having passed awaj' ten years before.

James E. Bean attended the public schools of Min-
neapolis and was then sent to Providence, R. I., to
continue his studies at the Friends Boarding School,
where his parents had also been educated; during
this time he also attended lectures at Brown Univer-
sity, Providence. On his return to the Middle West
he located at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and having chosen
to study pharmacy, he entered the wholesale and re-
tail house of G. C. Haman as clerk. Finishing his
pharmaceutical studies in 1887, he then entered into
partnership with his employer, the firm name being
Haman & Bean. Later he purchased another drug
store in Cedar Rapids and was also secretary and
manager of the Cedar Rapids Linseed Oil & Paint
Company. In December, 1890, he disposed of his in-
terests, and coming to California, located at San
Jose. He soon became manager of the Madera
Flume and Trading Company, with Madera as his
headquarters. The majority of the stock of the com-
pany was owned bj' stockholders of the Safe Deposit
Bank of San Jose; over 300 men were employed and
more than 33,500,000 feet of lumber were cut in a
season. The company maintained twelve branch
yards and offices, so that Mr. Bean was naturally a
very busy man. After eleven years he disposed of
the interests of the company and returned to San
Jose, where he became secretary of the San Jose Safe
Deposit Bank, combining the duties of this office with
other active service in the bank until 1908, when he
bought the controlling interest of H. B. Alartin &
Company, wholesale grain and produce dealers of
San Jose. Soon after this he took in partners from
Salinas, Cal,, and changed the name of the corpora-
lion to the Salinas \'alley Grain and Produce Com-
pany, having warehouses and mills throughout the
Salinas and Santa Clara valleys. In 1918 Mr. Bean
closed out the business of this corporation, taking
two years to dispose of their interests, so that the
final disposition was in 1920. In addition to these ac-
tivities, Mr. Bean is interested in real estate, owning
ranches in different parts of California and timber
lands in Oregon and business property in San Jose.

On April 19, 1893, Mr. Bean was married in San
Jose to Miss Edith Coolidge, born in Honolulu, a
sister of C. C. Coolidge, district attorney of Santa
Clara County. Mr. and Mrs. Bean have been blessed
with five children: Mary Isabel, James Edwin, Jr.,
Jerome Coolidge, Donald and Paul Dows Bean. Mr.
Bean is a member of the San Jose Chamber of Com-
merce, the San Francisco Commercial Club, and
politically is a strong Republican. A truly self-made
man, his initiative, perseverance and application have
been the potent factors in his success. His record is
an enviable one and his advice on business matters
is frequently sought by others, who repose the great-
est confidence in his judgment. Of a pleasing per-
sonality and kindly, generous impulses, he is ready
to help others who have been less fortunate than
himself, and can ever be counted upon to lead in any
movement for the county's upbuilding.

GEORGE THOMAS CLARK.— Naturally promi-
nent among the distinguished librarians of the coun-
try, both on account of his own scholarly and literary
attainments, and also on account of the famous insti-
tution he helped to create and which he now directs
with such mastery, George Thomas Clark, librarian
of Stanford LTniversity Library, enjoys a most envia-
ble position throughout California, wielding as he
docs a powerful influence here in the cause of higher
learning. A native son, he was born at San Fran-
cisco in 1862, first seeing the light on December 7.
the son of the Hon. Robert Clark, a prominent busi-
ness man of the Bay City, who so ably represented
his district for a term in the California State Legis-
lature. He was a native of Vermont, and while still a
resident of the East, was married to Miss Augusta
Caryl, a native of New Hampshire, both parents rep-
resenting fine old American stock. George Thomas
Clark, growing up in an environment certain to de-
velop in him to the greatest extent his natural powers
and special talents, was graduated from the Univer-
sity of California in 1886, with the degree of Bachelor
of Science, and six years later, on June 8, at San
Francisco, he married Miss Annie Douglas, a native
of Ohio, then residing at that city, a lady of talent and
exceptional charm, who is now deceased. One son,
Douglas Clark, blessed this happy union, and in time
he was graduated from Stanford LTniversity, as a
metallurgist and mining engineer.

During the year of his graduation from the State
University, Mr. Clark was made assistant librarian
of the University of California Library, and from 1887
to 1890, he was deputy state librarian. For the next
four years, he was classifier at the California State
Library, and from 1894 to 1907, he was librarian of
the San Francisco Public Library. Since 1907, Mr.
Clark has been at the helm of the great center of re-
search and repository of literature which, more than
ever since the appalling earthquake and fire, has
moved forward to take front rank with the renowned
and most serviceable libraries of the world; and only
those who have used that library extensively, or have
watched with expert knowledge and regular review
the development and growth of the establishment,
can fully appreciate what Mr. Clark has done, in co-
operation with others and on the foundations already
laid, to make tlie library what it is. In 1913 Mr.
Clark was sent East by the trustees of Stanford Uni-
versity to look over the important libraries and to get
suggestions from them. When he was the head of the

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

79]

San Francisco Public Library in l'X)4 he liad made a
tour of the country to gather ideas for a new build
ing which was to be erected in that city. On thi;,
first trip he visited practically all of the well ecjuipped
libraries of that time, so that his later tour was a
rounding out of the former inspection and he looked
over only the buildings which had been put up in the
meanwhile. During the year 1920, Mr. Clark, during
a leave of absence from the University, made a jour-
ney around the world on which, as a side issue, he
visted famous libraries and purchased books. He
went first to Japan, where he was entertained by the
Stanford Club, which is composed for the most part
of Japanese graduates from Stanford. From Japan
he proceeded to the Malay settlements and India,
where he had planned to meet Dr. Brainerd Spooner,
'99, the deputy director-general of the Indian Archae-
ological Survey; but did not do this owing to the
fact that he did not reach Delhi, the capital, until
April, and the government had already' moved to the
summer capital in the hills at Simla. Mr. Clark, fol-
lowing this course of travel, finally came to Europe.
On tliis trip he purchased over 10,000 volumes for
the university library. Most of them were out of the
way books which had been ordered for several years
and which had not been found in that time. W'hile
a student at Stanford, Air. Clark was an editor of
the "Blue and Gold" and in his senior year was the
joint editor of the "Occident," then one of the leading
student publications. He is a member of the A. L.
-A.., and also of the Library Association of California;
and he has to his credit the immense work of a
joint compiler of an index to the laws of California
covering the period from 1850 to 1893.

JOHN SNYDER.— During August, 19U1, John
Snyder passed away, and Santa Clara County lost
one of its largest and most successful ranchers and
most energetic, capable and public-spirited pioneers.
On February 11, 1828, in Harrison County, Ind , he
was born, the son of Joseph K. and Sarah (Fleming)
Snyder, the father, a native of Philadelphia, Pa., and
the mother born in France. Her name was originally
Hamonde, but it was changed to F'leming after she
and her sister Louise, afterwards Mrs. Harry Bowen,
came whh Stephen Girard to Philadelphia, making
their home with his family until they were married.
The Snyder family had settled in Harrison County
in 1821, when it was but a wilderness, and in the
fall of 1839 removed to what is now Tipton, Cedar
County, Iowa, where the parents reared and educated
their family of five daughters and three sons. In
1849, when John Snyder was twenty-one, he joined
a small party in which were his father and brother-
in-law, Moses Bunker, in a trip across the plains.
The two wagons comprising their outfit, with ox
teams and provisions, traveled alone until reaching
the Missouri River, when they were joined by others.
The party underwent the usual hardship and danger
incident to a trip across the plains in those early
days, and arrived in California where Chico has since
sprung into existence. The two older men soon re-
turned to Iowa. The following winter was spent in
the mines, and then Mr. Snyder went to Trinity
County, and after joining the new camp became
aware that the supply of provisions was running low,
and volunteers were asked for to go in search of
food to replenish the larder, Mr. Snyder was among

the number chosen to go to Humboldt Bay for this
puriiose, and later he was one of a party to make a
trad to the Salmon River from Trinity County. He
then located in VVeaverville. An expedition was or-
ganized b\- a man named Ross, who discovered the
Scott River, but never received the credit for his dis-
co\ei-y. Scott, after whi.im the river was named, met
Mr. Ross and p.arty when ihey were in pursuit of
Pawnee Indians who h.ad stolen their ponies, and
from the party learned of the location of the river.
Turning his course in the direction of the river, Scott
apiiropriated its discovery.

^ At a later period Mr. Snyder made another trip to
Scott River and took out considerable gold, but on
account of bad weather the party followed the course
of the river to its head, then in the direction of h'ort
Jones, and to Shasta Butte and the Oregon trail.
Here^the party broke up, some going to Oregon and
Mr. Snyder and his friends going to Sacramento. Tor
a short time he lived in the vicinity of San Jose, and
after working in the redwoods a few weeks was em-
ployed on farms during the winter of 1850-51. Re-
turning to Santa Clara County the following spring,
he was taken ill with fever and" was unable to do any-
thing until 1852, when, in l<"ebruar\', he returned to
the redwoods. In 1855 he was again m Santa Clara
Countj- operating a farm and threshing machine, and
his success led him to establish a home of his own.
shortly after his marriage with Martha Kifer, in the
fall of 1855. Mrs. Snyder also came from a pioneer
family of the coast country, having been born at
Mount Sterling, Montgomery County, Ky., in which
state her father, John Kifer, had settled after his re-
moval from Tennessee. The father was born m
Pennsylvania, and in 1847 removed to Jackson Coun-
ty, Mo., where he engaged in farming, and from
where he crossed the plains with his family in 1853.
The train consisted of twenty wagons, and he had
150 head of cattle, and was selected captain of the
train. Settling near Mountain View", he purchased
government land and farmed for the balance of his
life, his death occurring at the age of seventy-seven
years. His wife, formerly Lucy Martin, was born in
Tennessee, and died at the home of lier daughter,
Mrs. Snyder, at an advanced age.

Mr. Snyder continued to farm until the fall of 1859,
when he bought a farm near Mountain View, and
lived there until 1865. ileantime, in 1861, he had pur-
chased the large tract of land on Permanente Creek,
which originally consisted of 1160 acres. He bought
the land on time, but he was fortunate with his crops
and from the first year's }'ield was able to pay for
one-half of it. His grain crop of 1862 was the first
raised in this section of the county His success in-
spired others and was an incentive for his neighbors
to plant their land to grain, and the section became fa-
mous for the quality and quantity of its grain output.
He had about 500 acres under cultivation and twenty-
five acres in orchard, principally French prunes, and
sixteen acres in vineyard. He also owned eight\- acres
in the Collins school district in vineyard, and his farm
near Mountain View of 160 acres in hay and grain. He
also owned 300 acres in Monterey County, a part of
a tract of 1200 acres he had purchased with his
brother-in-law, Mr. Kifer, in 1866, as well as valuable
property in San Mateo and Fresno counties. Fol-
lowing Mr. Snyder's death, his widow occupied the

792

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

home ranch of 700 acres. Mrs. Snyder proved an
excellent manager, and an ideal mother, rearing a
family of five children, all of whom reflect credit
upon her teachings and example. She passed away
in January, 1919, at the age of eighty-one. Her eld-
est daughter, Sarah Ann, is the widow of William F.
Foss, of San Jose; Arthur J. is a rancher of Mountain
View; John H. passed away six years ago; Martha B.
became the wife of Dr. W. H. Hammond; she passed
away on their ranch near Mountain View, leaving one
child, Muriel, who is the wife of Raymond Haynes;
Letitia became the wife of E. F. Kendall, residing on
a ranch called "Kendall Dell," five miles south of
Mountain View. Mr. Snyder was a Democrat in poli-
tics, and fraternally was a Mason. He was respected
and honored in his locality and contributed to its
standard of manhood by a noble and upright life.

EDMUND L. FELLOWS.— A man of recognized
worth and ability who has contributed much to the
horticultural development of the Santa Clara Valley
and whose mining interests are also extensive is Ed-
mund L. Fellows, a native son, born at Napa, April
4, 1865, the son of a pioneer family of 1850, estab-
lished in the state in that year by his father, George
Fellows, one of the most interesting characters in the
early history of the state.

George Fellows left his native state. New Hamp-
shire, when nine years old, and accompanied his par-
ents to Galena, 111., where he was reared. In 1850
he joined the gold-seekers on the Pacific Coast, and
more fortunate than many, he acquired a genuine lik-
ing for mining and was interested for the remainder
of his life, operating on gradually increasing propor-
tions. From Hangtown he removed to Nevada
County, and there he discovered the Plumbago mines
and the Fellows lead, later called Gold Canyon.
Later he located other large, valuable properties and
he became known as one of the most successful gold
mine owners in that section. In 1862 he removed to
Kapa, and while there, with others he built the Napa
Valley Railroad, afterward a part of the Southern
Pacific system. From 1870 to 1875 he was superin-
tendent of the Phoenix quicksilver mines near Calis-
toga, and then engaged in farming, first near Brent-
wood, Contra Costa County, and then near Spokane,
Wash. He returned to Mountain View, Cal., in 1900,
and there his death occurred on May 15 of that year.
During his lifetime he made a fortune, and being
most liberal and kind hearted, much of it was given
to charities and to educational institutions. His mar-
riage had united him with Ann McCabe, who crossed
the plains with her parents in 1852, her father,
Thomas McCabe, settling near Brentwood, where he
died in 1886. Mrs. Fellows passed away in 1901. the
mother of a family of eleven children, nine of whom
are still living.

The fifth child in the family, Edmund L. Fellows,
engaged in farming in the vicinity of San Jose until
1890, when he became interested in horticulture, help-
ii;g to set out and develop the orchards of the fa-
mous Quito Ranch, of which he has been for some
years the owner, this being one of the finest orchard
properties in the Santa Clara Valley. The ranch,
which consists of 550 acres, is beautifully located on
Saratoga Avenue. It is splendidly equipped, the head-
quarters being centrally located on the ranch, with
ample buildings to care for the stock and imple-
ments, as well as space for the dry yards, sufficient

lo dry all the fruit on the ranch, including an evapo-
rator of large capacity. It is indeed a busy place, and
often a dozen teams may be seen in the morning,
starting to the various parts of the ranch to take care
of its cultivation. Before becoming so extensively
interested in horticulture, Mr. Fellows assRted his
father in his later mining projects in Nevada County
and is still largely interested in that district, a region
that has some very rich ore and has what is termed
picture rock, of high value.

A'lr. Fellows' marriage united him with Miss Laura
E. McCoy, a member of one of the pioneer families
of this region, tier parents were Reuben and Ellen
D. (England) McCoy, who were married December
12, 1866, the latter a native of Missouri. Reuben
McCoy was born in Greene County, Tenn., February
4, 1825, and in 1836 went with his father to Missouri,
where he lived until April 13, 1850, when he started
for California in an ox-team train, reaching here on
August 29. He became a prominent farmer in Santa
Clara County and passed away on August 9, 1886,
his wife surviving him until February 1, 1922. In
addition to his large horticultural interests, Mr, Fel-
lows is prominently identified with the political and
social affairs of the county, and is a stanch Republi-
can. Fraternally he is a member of True Fellowship
Lodge No. 283, I. O. O. F., the Encampment and
Patriarchs Militant. Mr. Fellows' ranch is under a
high state of cultivation and is one of the truly pleas-
ant and hospitable rural homes in the neighborhood.
He is an ardent lover of nature, is devoted to his in-
teresting calling and being gifted with business sa-
gacity, has long since passed the experimental to the
assuredly successful stage.

JAMES H. ELLIS. — Throughout Central Califor-
nia no man was better known or more highly esteemed
than James H. Elhs, a successful dairy farmer, who
became prominent as a substantial and well-to-do resi-
dent of Gilroy. He was the descendant of a promi-
nent Virginia family and a native of the Old Domin-
ion, born November 25, 1828. His parents moved
to Illinois when he was but six years old; then re-
moved to Montrose, Iowa, on the Mississippi River,
and it was there he grew to manhood and acquired
an education in the public schools. He was a mem-
ber of a family of seven children, and after leaving
school learned the bricklayer's trade and was thus
engaged until he reached twenty-one, when he de-
cided to remove to California. In 1849 he • came
across the plains with ox team and, locating iii
Colusa County, Cal, he engaged in mining for sev-
eral years, and was quite successful at times, but he
amassed no great wealth in this venture. About 1854
he spent a short time in Sacramento. Later, coming
to the Santa Clara Valley, he located near Santa
Clara, where he engaged in farming.

Mr. Ellis was married to Miss Harriet Zuck on
November 25, 1855, his twenty-seventh birthday.
Mrs. Ellis was the daughter of David and Maria
Louisa (Linnton) Zuck, the former a native of Penn-
sylvania, and the latter of Ohio, and she was born
in Marion County, Ohio, May 10, 1838. When a
young man her father accompanied his parents to
Ohio, locating first in Ross County and afterward in
Marion County. In 1849 he came to California and
engaged in mining, but in 1851 returned to Ohio.
The following spring he again started west with his

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

795

family, and after a journey of six months bcliind ox
teams they reached their destination. The family
first located in Marysville and Mr. Zuck followed
mining until 1853, when he removed to Santa Clara
County and purchased land near C.ilroy, and it was
upon this farm that both he and his wife passed
their closing years.

Soon after marriage the young couple moved to the
vicinity of Gilroy and it was there that Mr. Ellis rose
to prominence as a dairy farmer, continuing for forty-
six years. He had energy, was capable of hard work,
and was ambitious, and these qualifications secured
his advancement in the financial world. Retiring
from active pursuits in 1891, he spent his remaining
years in Gilroy, where his death occurred November
25, 1900. In national polities he was a supporter of
the Republican party. He was one of the original
stockholders of the old Bank of Gilroy and a director
at the time of his death. With Jesse D. Carr he or-
ganized the Salinas City Bank of Salinas; also with
Mr. Hawkins organized the first bank in Hollister and
was a stockholder in the Commercial & .Savings
Bank of San Jose. After her husband's death, Mrs.
Ellis continued to reside on the home place until she
passed away in October, 1907. They were the par-
ents of six children: Alvin L. died in May, 1919;
Milton, deceased; Laura is Mrs. Frank Vetterline;
Emma married George T. Dunlap and resides in
Oakland; Dora married Edgar Hollaway and both are
deceased; and Marion E. is deceased.

JAMES HENRY CAMPBELL.— The name of
James Henry Campbell is inseparably interwoven
with the history of Santa Clara County and more
especially the beautiful town of Campbell, for his
father, Benjamin Campbell, laid out the little town
and it was named in his honor, now the very center
of one of the finest fruit-grov\-ing sections of Santa
Clara Valley. Here our subject was born on Decem-
ber 12, 1852, a son of Benjamin and Mary Louise
(Rucker) Campbell, both parents pioneers of Santa
Clara County. In tracing the ancestry of Mr. Camp-
bell, we find his paternal grandfather, William Camp-
bell, to have been a native of Bourbon County,
Ky., a tanner by trade, and a soldier in the War of
1812. He operated a tannery near Greenville, Ky.,
prior to going to Missouri in 1839, and there followed
farming pursuits until he crossed the plains to Cali-
fornia in 1846, making the trip via the Platte River
route. Capt. Benjamin Campbell, the father of our
subject, was a youth of twenty when his parents
came to California, and during the trip across the
plains he drove one of the teams, walking most of the
way. William Campbell preempted a claim of 160
acres two miles south of Santa Clara and his son
Benjamin assisted him in preparing a home for the
family in the new country, staying with him until 1849,
when he returned to Missouri by way of Panama, on a
visit. Upon his return to California, in 1851, he pur-
chased the land upon which the town of Campbell
stands, and in the fall of the same year again re-
turned to Missouri, this time to claim his bride. Miss
Mary Louise Rucker, born in Missouri, daughter of
William and Verenda (Taylor) Rucker. They were
married in Saline County, Mo., and in the spring of
1852 he again made the trip to California, accompa-
nied by his wife, her father and his family, and also

two of his sisters and their families. He was captain
of the ox-team train and they brought a band of cat-
tle. Three children blessed the union of Mr. and
Mrs. Ilenjamin Campbell, of whom James Henry,
the subject of this review is the eldest; Laura Ann,
Mrs. Su'ope, is deceased, and Lena M. is Mrs. S. G.
Rodeck. In 1885 Benjamin Campbell began the cul-
ture of fruit commercially, wdiich proved a good bus-
iness venture in that locality. In 1890 he conceived
the idea of founding a town in the midst of the fruit-
growing district and having determined upon a line
of action, he permitted no obstacle to turn him from
his accomplishment. Realizing the many evils of in-
temperance, he was determined that the town should
be founded on temperance principles, and the town
will forever remain so. The original plat of Camp-
bell contained but eighteen lots, but siiLce then manv
additions have been made by the Campbells with the
same clause in the deed, and the place has increased
m size and population. In executing the deeds to
these lots, the title was made subject to the follow-
ing conditions and restrictions: "That if the party
of the second part, his heirs or assigns, shall at any
tune sell or keep for sale, on any portion of said
premises, or knowingly permit anyone to keep for
sale any spirituous of intoxicating liquors either dis-
tilled or fermented, the entire title and estate in and
to said premises hereby created, shall cease, and title
to said premises shall thereupon revert to said part}-
of the first part or his heirs and assigns forever, and
it shall then be lawful for said party of the first part, his
heirs or assigns, to enter upon said premises and eject
said party of the second part, his heirs or assigns,
and every person claiming under them, or either of
them." Benjamin Campbell was active in the aflfairs
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and for
many years -was a steward and trustee and superin-
tendent of the Sunday school. In early days he was
a Whig, then a Democrat, but prior to his demise
was a Prohibitionist in his political views. He was
the first postmaster of Campbell, and for two years
was a justice of the peace, school director for a num-
ber of years, a member of the board of trade, a pro-
moter of the Bank of Campbell, of which he was
vice-president and director, and he was a trustee of
the Grange. He died March 27, 1907, and his widow-
survived him until March S, 1913.

James Henry Campbell received his education in
the local public schools and then attended a private
school and then followed the occupation of his for-
bears. The original 160 acres of land acquired by his
father in 1851 has been divided and sold as town
lots until there are only two acres left of the old
homestead on which our subject makes his home. His
present marriage occurred on March 28, 1907, and
united him with Mrs, Jessie (Kelley) McKcnzie, a
native of San Mateo, Cal,, and they are the parents
of one child, Adelbert, a student in the University of
California. By his former marriage Mr. Campbell
has two children, George E, and Clyde E. Mrs. Camp-
bell had two children by a former marriage, Delia
May and James W. McKenzie. Politically, Mr. Camp-
bell is a Democrat and fraternally is an Odd Fellow.
Having spent his entire life in Santa Clara County,
his history is well known to its citizens, and his has
been an honorable and useful career.

796

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

EDGAR H. FREEMAN.— A native of Maine, Ed-
gar H, Freeman has attained a degree of success in
his California home that would have been impossible
ill tlie midst of circumstances existing in tlie state of
his birth. He was born at Minot Corner, on the Lit-
tle Androscoggin, near Lewiston, Maine, October 10,
1H57, the son of Daniel and Hannah D. (Marble)
1' reeman, who were natives of the same place. The
original ancestors came from England and three
iM-eeman brothers came to America on the May-
flower, from whom all the other Ereemans are de-
scended. Great-grandfather Daniel I'reeman was one
of the early settlers of Maine. Daniel Ereeman, the
father of our subject, was a farmer in Maine, and in
loSU, leaving his wife and ciiild in the home state,
he came via Panama to California, where he engaged
in mining for two years; returning to Maine he con-
tinued there until 1876, when he again came to Cal-
ifornia. During the Civil War, when he was forty-
six years old, he enlisted, Ijut was rejected on account
of being over age. The family lived in Sonoma
Count3', Cal., for one year, then removed to Hol-
lister, where they lived for three years; and then caiiie
to the Santa Clara Valley, where they both died.

Edgar H. Freeman was educated in the grammar
and high school of Maine and after leaving school
was engaged m the manufacture of shoes at Eynn,
Mass. In 1878 he came to San Benito County, Cal.
and during 1878 and 1879 engaged in ranching near
Hollister; then removed to the Bodie gold mines m
Mono County and was there for five years, prospect-
ing and mining. In 1884 he came to Santa Clara,
where he was engaged for several years in raising
pure-bred fancy poultry, Brahmas, Plymouth Rocks,
Wyandottes, Leghorns; also Pekin ducks and Bronze
turkeys. He had tlie best stock procurable and at
the Santa Clara X'allej' poultry and kennel club show
at San Jose he won the diamond medal for best
poultry exhibit and at Petaluma he won the $100 gold
medal for best and largest exhibit at the California
Slate I'oultry Shov,'. He was one of the organizers
of the California Stale Poultry Association and was
secretary of the organization. In 1896 he took charge
of forty acres planted in grapes, a portion of his
father's old place; a part of this came into his pos-
session from the estate and the balance he purchased.
He removed the vines and planted it to prunes and
apricots, and the place has been brou.ghl to a lii.gli
state of cultivation and productiveness.

Mr. Freeman's marriage at Lynn, Mass., in 1877.
united him with Miss Dorothy D. Wescott, also a
native of Maine, liorn .at Castine. Her father, Cajit.
Samuel Wescott, was part owner and master of his
vessel and for years sailed all over the world into
important ports, rie died at sea. Her mother, who
was Margaret Dunbar, died at her old home in Maine.
Ml. and Mrs. l-'reeman are the parents of four chil-
dren: Hersey D. passed away in Bodie; Eldora I^,
a graduate of Stanford University, is Mrs. ICrnest
Kimberhn of Sacramento; lidgar D., a graduate of the
College of the Pacific is an electrician with the South-
ern Pacific Railroad Company at Gold Run; Hazel,
a graduate of the San Jose State Normal School is
teaching at Mountain "View, Cal. There are nine
grandchildren. Mr. Freeman is a Republican and
fraternally belongs to the Knights of Pythias, VVood-
Tiien of the World, Fraternal Aid Union, is active

in the local Grange and Farmers' Educational & Co-
operative Union, and has served his community as a
school trustee. He is a broad-minded, pubhc spir-
ited man and citizen, and all movements for the ad-
vancement of the county have his hearty support.

HON. ALDEN ANDERSON.-Few men have
been associated more actively and none more honor-
ably with the financial and political history of North-
ern California than Hon. Alden Anderson, who grew
up and was educated m San Jose, Santa Clara County
and IS now president of the Capital National Bank
of Sacramento, and actively associated with a num-
ber of other financial institutions and enterprises that
aid in the advancement of the county and state. Wide
has been the influence exerted by him in the banking
circles of his portion of the state and varied as have
been his commercial connections, they have been
equaled bj' his intimate identification with the public
life of the commonwealth and by his patriotic partici-
pation in the upbuilding of his community.

A native of Pennsylvania, Mr. Anderson was born
in Meadvdle, Crawford County, m October, 1867,
while his parents were at their old home on a visit.
His father, J. Z. Anderson, is elsewhere represented
m this volume. With such educational advantages as
were afforded by the public schools and the Univer-
sity of the Pacific, Alden Anderson began to earn his
own livelihood at a very early age, his first occupa-
tion being that of an assistant in the fruit business
conducted by his father. During 1886 he went to
Suisun City, Solano County, and embarked in the
fruit industry for himself, later drifting from the
growing of fruit into the shipping of same. From
that place he came to Sacramento m 1902, and after-
ward disposed of his interests in Solano Count}-. From
his arrival in the capital city until the year 1908 he
acted as vice-president of the Capital Banking and
Trust Company. When he disposed of his stock in
that concern he removed to San Francisco, where,
until July 1, 1909, he held office as vice-president ol
the Anglo-London Pans National Bank, and until
February, 1911, served by appointment as superin-
tendent of the Bank of California. During 1911 Mr.
Anderson made a protracted continental tour of Eu-
rope, Asia and Africa, returning to Sacramento De-
cember 1, 1911, at which time he purchased the Cap-
ital Banking and Trust Company, and of this institu-
tion under its present title of Capital National Bank,
he olficiates as president. Mr. Anderson's place in the
banking circles of Northern California is one of as-
sured influence and increasing responsibility. He also
helped to organize a number of other banks in the
Sacramento \'alley in the management of which he
actively participates. He was president of the com-
pany building the electric line from Sacramento to
Stockton, which aided an enterprise of the greatest
importance to the permanent upbuilding of the rich
agricultural region through which it passes. His
home is graciously presided over by the lady whom
he married at Rockville, Cal., March 2, 1893, and
who was Miss Carrie L. Baldwin. Ihere is one
daughter in the family. Miss Kathryn.

Any account of the life activities of Mr. Anderson
would be incomplete were no mention to be made
of his association with the political history of the
commonwealth. Elected to the assembly in 1897-99

^^^^^s?i.-^/(— ,

HISTORY OV SAN'PA CLARA C(JlIN'l'V

799

and 1901, he soon bccanic a force in the LeRisUiline.
Measures tor the benelit of his ilistriet received ho
stanch support, nor was he less earnest in the promo-
tion of all nioveinents for the welfare of the entire
state. In 18''9 he was selected .is speaker of the
house, and he tilled that dirticult post with the same
tact and ability displayed in every relation of public
life. A still higher honor awaited him in 1902, when
he was elected lieutenant-governor of California, and
he tilled that eminent position for four years, retiring
with the good will of the (larty he had ser\ed with
such fidelity and distinction. It would seem nnpossi-
ble for a citizen having so many duties in public of-
fice, in busniess connections and in banking circles, to
enter with any activity into fraternal and social cir-
cles, hut Mr. Anderson has not allowed his existence
to be dwarfed into a tedious round of irksome cares.
On the other hand, he has enjoyed societ\' with the
same enthusiasm characteristic of his identification
with the other opportunities of life, and at difTerent
times lie has been a leading member of the Bohemian,
Pacific Union and hamily clubs and L'nion League,
all of San Francisco, and the Sutter Club of Sacra-
mento, also the Woodmen and the Benevolent Pro-
tective Order of Elks. Practical philanthropy,
w-hether exercised privately or through the medium
of fraternal organizations, receives his steadfast sup-
port, and movements inaugurated and inspired by a
desire to help the needy, to encourage the depressed
or to uplift the fallen, have benefitted by his saga-
cious counsel and sympathetic participation.

JAMES M. PITMAN. — Business enterprise found
a stalwart exponent in James M. Pitman, whose pro-
gressive spirit and determination have been manifested
in all that he undertook, and by his individual efl'ort,
intelligently directed, he has gained a prominent posi-
tion in the business circles of San Jose, and is well
and favorably known throughout the State of Cali-
fornia for his uprightness and integrity of character.
He is one of the organizers and was elected the first
president of the Western Title Insurance CompaiU'
of San Jose.

A native of California, Mr. Pitman was born near
Marysville, Yuba County, January 30, 1851, a son of
Andrew Jackson and Armenia A. (Lewis) Pitman,
both natives of Missouri. His father was amon.g the
early settlers who crossed the plains in 1849. After
a short experience in the mines, he decided that Cali-
fornia was a good country in which to settle perma-
nently, so, returning to his home in Missouri by way
of the Isthmus of Panama, he made the trip hack
across the plains the follown'ng year; this time accom-
panied by his wife. His first residence was on the
Yuba River, where he followed the occupation of
mining, with the historic "rocker," continuing there
until 18.^2. In that year he removed to the Santa
Clara A'alley, settling temporarily near the towm of
old Mountain \'iew. In the fall of 1852 he purchased
a ranch just north of Mayfield, which he owned until
1861, and which later became a part of the Palo Alto
Ranch, now the site of the Leland Stanford, Jr..
University, the new Stanford Stadium being located
on part of the old Pitman farm. There Mr. Pitman
devoted himself to farming and dairying, which busi-
ness he continued on the ranch he purchased in 1861,
adjoining the town of Palo Alto on the northeast.
Mr. and Mrs. Pitman eventually removed to San

Jose, where they spent the remainder of their lives,
both passing away in 1896. Of their eight children,
one of \\'hom died in infancy, James M. is the eldest;
Marion E. is a farmer anil truck grower living near
I'.ilo Alto on iiart of the old homestead; Cornelius Y.
IS county assessor of Saiil.a Clar;i County; William A.
resides in San I'raucisco; Mernard, commonly called
Berry, passed aw.'iy at the age of thirty-five, leaving
a wife ,ind child; Belle M. is married and resides in
St. Helena; Ernest resides in San Jose and is a sign
and screen painter of note.

James M. Pitman obtained his early education in
the schools of Mayfield and Santa Clara, supplement-
ing this with a course in the Pacific Business College
at San Francisco. He particularly excelled in mathe-
matics, and at the earl}- age of fourteen he had gone
as far as trigonometrx-. He was always an excellent
penman, and this, coupled with his mathematical
ability, served to make him a valuable county officer.
In 1869 he engaged in farming near Mayfield, con-
tinuing there until 1874. During this year he was
elected secretary of the .'slate Crange, but resigned
the olflce in Januar\-, 1875, later removing to Quincy,
III., where be went into business with an uncle. His
stay there was of short duration, however, and in
1876 he returned to California and became deputy
county recorder under \V. B. Hardy, retaining that
position for four years. He then engaged in the
dairy business at San Jose for two years.

Always actively identified with political matters,
Mr. Pitman was unanimously nominated for the of-
fice of county recorder on the Democratic ticket, but
a labor ticket was put in the field at the same time,
lessening the Democratic vote, and his opponent,
W. H. Stephens, was elected on the Republican ticket.
He again entered the race at the next general elec-
tion in 1882 and ^\'as elected county recorder, in wdiich
capacity he served for four years. At the end of his
term of office, he went into the abstract business,
uniting forces with T. C. Edwards, the firm being
known as Edwards & Pitman, continuing thus until
1891, when they formed a partnership with Pomeroy
& Howes, organizing the San Jose Abstract Com-
pany, of which Mr. Pitman became president, serving
for twenty-seven years. He mapped every piece of
property in the county, and amon.g other notable
things, he made a plat of the city of Eos Gatos. He
is a stockholder of the First National Bank of San
Jose, the Garden City Bank & Trust Company, and
for many years served as president, and is now vice-
president, of the San Jose Building and Loan Asso-
ciation. He has been actively interested in orange
growing for a number of years, owning and operat-
ing a large and productive property known as Over-
look Groves, near Terra Bella, Tulare County. Since
1909 he has been secretary of the Grand \'ie\\ Heights
Citrus Company, having 1700 acres in Tulare County.

In 1876 Mr. Pitman was married to Miss Carrie I.
I'Tetcher, a native of Massachusetts, who came to
California with her parents at an early age. They are
the parents of three children: Florence V.; Blanche,
their second child, died aged seven years; and Homer
F. Homer is engaged in ranching and is manager
of the Overlook Orange Grove. He married Miss
Victoria Cnka and they have three children: Martha,
Marjorie and Barbara. Florence V. is now Mrs.
Howard W. Cow-ell and the mother of two children:

800

HISTORY OF SANTy\ CLARA COUNTY

James P. and Geraldiiic. Mr. Cowell is engaged in
the auto lousiness in San Jose and is secretary of the
Western Title Insurance Company.

In fraternal circles, Mr. Pitman is a member of
Garden City Lodge , I. O. O. F., and for years was a
member of the Native Sons of the Golden West, of
which he is a past president. He is a stanch sup-
porter of the Democratic party and is an active and
conscientious member of the First Presbyterian
Church of San Jose. He has always been a promi-
nent figure in the business circles of San Jose, ever
ready to serve the community in which he has resided
for so many years. He served as a member of the
board of education of the San Jose schools for four
years, and was appointed on the board of trustees of
the San Jose State Normal School by Governor
James M. Budd. His has been an upright, honorable
and useful life, in which he has ever displayed unfal-
tering loyalty to high standards of citizenship and he
has labored effectively and earnestly to uphold those
interests which make for public improvement.

JAMES J. STANFIELD.— For over sixty years
the Stanficld family has been numbered among the
upbuilders and promoters of Santa Clara County and
as an orchardist and financier James J. Stanfield has
contributed to the prestige of a name that has long
been an honored one in this part of the state. He
was born in the Union district of Santa Clara County,
August 12, 1862, a son of John and Margaret (Cairns)
Stanfield. In 1858 the father arrived in California,
having made the voyage around Cape Horn, and after
spending three years in San Francisco, he came to
the Union district, purchasing a tract of 260 acres,
being one of the first settlers in the district and a
pioneer fruit grower, as well as banker, in Los Gatos.
He is elsewhere mentioned in this history.

James J. Stanfield is the only surviving member of
a family of three children and after completing his
education, which was acquired in the public schools
of the Union district, he assisted his father in the
operation of the home farm. Later, aside from horti-
culture, he turned his attention to finance, and as
early as 1887 he became connected with the Bank of
Los Gatos, of which in time he became vice-president.
With keen insight into business affairs and situations
and a thorough understanding of every phase of
banking, he labored effectively to promote the suc-
cess of the institution, which ranks with the substan-
tial financial enterprises of this part of the state. In
1919 he sold the home farm which he had brought to
a high state of cultivation until it was one of the fin-
est orchard and vineyard properties in the valley. He
had previously purchased the old Howe place near
Winchester, which he cultivated until 1922, when he
disposed of it to again make his home in Los Gatos.
All these years he had specialized in raising fruit,
having acquired a comprehensive knowledge of horti-
culture under the able instruction of his father in
earlier years and a continued study of the industry
from a scientific point, and much success rewarded
his efforts.

Mr, Stanfield married Miss Sue M. Place, born in
Jackson, Mich., and they became the parents of two
children: Helen, who died when fourteen years of
age, and John Harold, wJio is superintendent of
plant No. 13, operated by the California Prune &;

Apricot Growers Association at Los Gatos. He is
married and has two daughters, Susan Bell and
Margaret. Mr. Stanfield gives his political allegiance
to the Republican party and his fraternal connections
are with the Masons, the Elks and the Odd Fellows
and he is past president of Los Gatos Parlor, N. s!
G. W. His entire life has been spent in Santa Clara
County, and he has watched with interest its devel-
opment and upbuilding, in which he has borne his
full share, his worth as a man and citizen being
widely recognized.

JOHN W. LYNDON.— One of the pioneer up-
builders of Los Gatos was the late John W. Lyndon,
who passed away July 14, 1913. A native of Ver-
mont, he came to California and settled at Lexing-
ton, Santa Clara County, in 1859, and a few years
later in Los Gatos, where he engaged in the mer-
cantile business, and organized the Bank of Los
Gatos, and also the Los Gatos Gas Company. He
subdivided the present town of Los Gatos into lots
and built some of the first buildings. He ran a
store and lumber yard, did a large business with the
New Almaden and Guadalupe mines in their palmy
days. He built the Lyndon Hotel, the Bank of Los
Gatos, Vermont and other buildings, and gave his
best efforts to the upbuilding of the town. By his
first marriage he had two children, one of whom is
living, Irma, now the wife of J. D. Farwell, of Los
Gatos. He was a Republican, but did not aspire to
office other than serve as city trustee, being a mem-
ber of the original board. He was a Mason, and a
member of the Episcopal Church.

JACOB MILAN COX.— One of the most popular
men among the court house officials of Santa Clara
County, who, for many years, filled the important
position of office deputy in the county assessor's of-
fice, was the late Jacob Milan Cox, who was born
in Iowa, September 28, 1851, the son of William and
Dicey (Baggs) Cox, pioneers of Santa Clara County,
(aiob M. Cox was brought by his parents in an ox-
team train in 1852, his first recollections being of the
Saratoga section of Santa Clara County, where he
received a good education in the public schools,
after which he was graduated from the Garden City
Business College. He followed the trade of cabinet
maker and planing mill worker in the Fourth Street
mill and afterwards in the Hubbard & Carmichael
mill until he quit to look after his ranch, which he
set out to prunes, apricots and peaches. Meantime
he was appointed a deputy county assessor under
L. A. Spitzer and later was made the office deputy,
and continued his connection with that office for
more than twenty years, becoming one of the best
judges of property values in the county. His health
failing, he resigned his office and lived retired at his
home, 54 Llnion Street, San Jose, until his death.

His marriage occurred in Los Angeles and united
him with Mrs. Laura (Trailer) Gordon, a represen-
tative of an old pioneer family. Mr. Cox was very
prominent in fraternal circles. He was a Knight
Templar and Scottish Rite Mason and a member of
Islam Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S , in San Francisco.
He was a past officer in the Blue Lodge, Chapter
and Commandcry; he was also a past officer in the
Odd Fellows and held to the faith of the Christian
Church. A noble man and strong character, he was

A. CjLo^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

803

very influential and was nuicli loved and hi.nlily
esteemed by all who knew him. At his passing, Sep
tember 28, 1916, he was mourned by his famil\' and
friends and was buried with Masonic honors, in Oak
Hill Cemetery, San Jose.

JAMES A. CLAYTON.— A sturdy, far-sighted and
eminently progressive pioneer, an e.xperieneed, highly-
esteemed and influential public oflicial, James A.
Clayton, who died on April 14, 1896, became an ex-
tensive landowner and one of the liest-knovvn resi-
dents of Santa Clara County, as he was one of the
leading citizens of San Jose. He was lioru in Derl)y-
shire, England, October 20, 1831, the son of John
and Mary (Bates) Clayton, the former a lead-miner
:;nd farmer. They came to America in 1831. and set-
tled for a short time at Mifflin, Iowa County, Wis.,
where John Clayton worked in the lead mines; in
1840 the family removed to a farm near Mineral
Point, in Iowa County, where Airs. Clayton died in
18.S3, followed four years later by her devoted hus-
band. They were the parents of twelve children, for
each of whom they did the best they could. In
passing it might be mentioned that the farm from
which the family moved at Mifflin was left to one
cf the younger sons and by him was sold at a later
date and on this same farm was developed one of
the most valuable and productive lead and zinc mines
in Wisconsin, discovered by deepening a well that had
been put down by Mr. Clayton.

James A. Clayton was brought to America 1)y his
parents in infancy and remained at home until 1850,
when he came out to California. One Ijrother,
Charles Clayton, who eventually became a member of
Congress and the surveyor of the Port of San Fran-
cisco, had preceded him to this state in 1844, and
this doubtless influenced the ambitious and adventur-
ous spirit of another brother, Joel Clayton, who made
four round trips to California prior to 1850, driving
superior American cattle, which he sold to the native
Californians to improve their native wild herds.
Though the country was infested with Indians, many
cf them hostile, he always managed to get through
in safety, being a diplomatic leader.

In 1850 influence was brought to bear upon Joel
Clayton, who had expected to retire after his various
California expeditions with cattle, to make up a train
and pilot it through to the West. This he did with
the definite understanding that his orders on all mat-
ters, even to making of wagons, be obeyed implicitly.
The mother prevailed upon Joel to let James accom-
pany him so that he would be under his protection en-
route. Joel did so, but he made certain stipulations
bj which James was not to ride a horse or in a wag-
on during the journey; also that he and his com-
panion David Grenewalt, of the same age, \\crc to
keep the train of ten wagons supplied with fresh
meat enroute. This was carried out to the letter by
young James, although he endured many hardships
and privations to do so. He and his chum were the
only ones in the party who were permitted to have
guns. The first and only real money he ever saw-
prior to coming to California was obtained from the
sale of a hand-made saddle, made out of a pig skin
taken from a pig he had raised until it was ready
to kill. He tanned the skin by hand and when the
saddle was finished it was taken down the river to
one of the large cities where real money was in
circulation and was sold for eight silver dollars; the

>'oung man was then sixteen years old. His educa-
tion was liniilcd lo but four months schooling one
winUr, but he was jjatkined after Abraham Lincoln
and anxious to absorb knowledge so he borrowed
rver\- book he possibly could from those who had
them in his neighborhood and l)y constant reading
])ecame a superior, self-educated man. It was also
d.uring the h:jng winter evenings that he attended
revival meetings held by some itinerant circuit rider,
was converted and joined the Methodist Church.
This act affected his entire life and he never back-
slid trom his teachings.

It took the train piloted by Joel Clayton eight)'-
feven days to reach California, arriving in Santa
Clara County in August, 1850. This short lime was
made liecause of the superior leadership of Joel Clay-
ton, by whom no single detail was lacking to keep
men, teams and wagons in the Ijest of condition, so
that on their arrival they were able to state they had
lost neither man nor beast during the long journey.
It usually took six months or more to make a jour-
ney,- of that length by most of the immigrants. James
Clayton and his chum stuck together and he tried his
luck in mining in Placer and Mariposa counties; even
going to Australia. Upon arriving there the party
\\'as warned of the animosity the Australians had for
the Californians because of the hanging in San Fran-
cisco by the Vigilantes, of the "Sydney Ducks." The
Californians were distinguished, in those early days.
by their red-top boots worn outside of their pantlegs.
I'y concealing their boot-tops and avoiding the public
taverns Mr. Clayton and his chum reached the mines,
which proved, to their disgust, that there was vastly
more gold in California than in Australia. The young
men had saved money enough to pay their way home
and were read.\- to make the return voyage. The
ship being short of seamen the captain told them if
they would ship as sailors and help bring the boat
to San Francisco he would refund their passage money
and pay them $100 in money; to this they agreed
and James Clayton became third mate. After a haz-
ardous journey, fraught with many hardships, the
most important being the lack of water for drinking,
they reached port. Upon arriving at San Francisco
the captain decamped for the mines and the men were
unable to get anj' part of their money by the sale
of the ship and its cargo, there being so many sim-
ilar cases of abandoned ships in the bay.

In 1853 Mr. Clayton becaine permanently identi-
fied with Santa Clara County, located in Santa Clara,
where he opened and conducted a photograph studio,
this being the second one to be opened in the state.
Later he moved the studio to San Jose, wdiich had
become the largest of the two towns, and in the
latter part of the '50s, he moved there with his fam-
ily. Then the photographer made his own plates
and the "patient" had to sit for five minutes in order
to have the impression made on the negative. While
in Santa Clara, Mr. Clayton with John B. FIcwston,
started the first movement ever made in the town to
curb the exteremely common use of liquor; and he
started the first movement to open a Y. M. C. A.
In 1861 Mr. Clayton was elected county clerk on the
Republican ticket, and reelected in 1863; at the same
time carrying on his photo studio. In 1867 he em-
barked in the real estate business in San Jose and
thereaffcr remained active in the realty field until
his death. The result of his identification with this

804

HISTORY OF SANTA CT.ARA COUNTY

department of comniercial and financial affairs was
that he became a large property owner, was able to
accomplish a great deal of good in his time, and
left a large estate to others to administer and enjo}',
\ihen he finished his period.

Prior to 1887, all the salable property and grant
lands ni Santa Clara \'alley passed through his hands
ac least once. He acted as advisor to the native
Californians, b\' whom he was trusted implicitly to
bu>' and sell for them, also to loan their money, often
:n the earlier days with no compensation. He started
the first abstract and title business in Santa Clara
County, one of the first in the state as well; was also ^
one of the promoters and original owners of the first
electric lighting plant in the county; one of the orig-
inal promoters of the First National Bank of San
Jcsc in 1874 and later became its president, serving
for many \ears. This was organized to reduce the
rate of interest to 10% per annum, the rate having
fluctuated from ly.^c to 10% per month. After
lie had been in the realty business several years he
branched out into the original booster for this \ al-
ley and prepared neat illustrated literature which he
scattered \\'idel\- in the Middle West and thus was the
cause of so man\' settlers coining from as far East
<is Illinois to take up homes in this comity. .A.s a land
boomer he was a success, the majority of the settlers
coming from the mining camps in the early da}'s,
while later they came from the states west of Illinois.
He always made good his guarantees.

In March, 1860, James A. Clayton was married to
.Miss .A.nna L. Thompson, a native of Indiana and the
(laughter of Robert P. and Amy F. Thompson, who
had come to California in 18S7. Seven children
sprang from this happy union. Mary E. married Car-
roll ^Y. Gates and lived in Los Angeles; both are de-
ceased; Edward \V., now deceased, was for many
>'ears associated with his father and later with the
James A. Clayton Company in the realty business;
Willis C, also \vas connected with the James A.
Cla\'ton real estate interests and is now president
of the First National Bank of San Jose; Ethel, grad-
uated from the University of the Pacific and is asso-
ciated with her father's company; Grace Elizabeth,
died in infancy; and the youngest members of the
tamih" are John J., and Florence Cla_\-loii. ]Mrs.
Clayton passefl away in 1914.

M|-. Cla\-ton was a member of San Jose Lodge
No. 10. F. iS; A. M.; also of the Methodist Church,
and in 1888 he served as la\' delegate to the confer-
ence held in New ^'ork; was a standpat Republican,
jipd that same \'ear was an altiTiiate delegate at large
to the National Convention held in Chicago. He was
a trustee of the I'niversity of the Pacific, and no man
ever did his duty more conscieiitiouslv in such a po-
^llion, and few lia\-e done more to advance on broad,
inviting line^ the permanent interests of this important
institution of higher education.

PETER J. DUNNE.— ,\ most interesting man of
varied experience such as ni.iiiy would-be students of
lift anrl the \\a\'S of the world might well envy, is
Peter J. Dunne, the far-seeing manager of the exten-
sive Catherine Dunne estate at San Jose. He was
born southeast of Gilro>' in Santa Clara Count\', and
first saw the light on Octolier 19, 1865. His father,
lames Dunne, was born in Ireland in 1817, but

came to America when quite young and located in
New Orleans, where he worked at any honest labor
his hands found to do. He had but a limited school-
ing, thus his progress was slow. He prospered and
iMarried and he and his wife became the parents of
five children of whom only one, J. F. Dunne, is alive.
He owns the original Dunne estate of 15,000 acres
ot fine ranch land at San Felipe, where is carried on
a general ranching business. This sou was born in
the '50s and spends part of his time in San Francisco.
The other children were: Caroline, Catherine, Peter
a.nd Joseph, all dying before they reached the age of
ten years. Mrs. Catherine Dunne, his wife, died on
June 21, 1857, aged twenty-eight years. Mr. Dunne
spent some time in South America after he left New
Orleans as a flour merchant and he came to San Fran-
cisco in the latter part of the '50s and engaged in the
general merchandise business, meeting with good suc-
cess. In 1862 he married Mrs. Catherine Murphy
and they spent their married life on the San Felipe
ranch, which Mr. Dunne had bought and proceeded
to develop. This second marriage brought three
children: Mary P., Peter J., and Catherine B., all
born on the San F'clipe Ranch, which was his home
at the time of his death, June 8, 1874. He was a
Democrat of the old school and was a man of energy
and strict integrity and ready to assist any worthy
project for the benefit of town, county or state.
.Mary Phileta married Joseph H, Rucker, the real es-
tate dealer of San Jose; the second in the order of
birth is the subject of this review; and the Catherine
B. is Mrs. Ralph W. Herscy.

Peter Dunne was graduated from the Santa Clara
College in 1884 with the degree of B. S., and then
he engaged in business in San Francisco. In 1895
he removed to San Jose and took charge of his
mother's estate; and this, one of the notable California
properties, he has continued to oversee, while his
mother is still living, at present at the age of ninety-
four. With the fruits of a valuable training, and the
ai+ectionate conscientiousness of a loyal son, Mr.
Dunne has been able greatly to increase the worth
ci the properties under his charge, and has so proven
a steward of the kind capitalists and corporations
are always seeking.

On April 6, 1888, Mr. Dunne was married to Miss
Josephine Rose Masten, the daughter of N. K. Mas-
ten of San I'raneisco, and they have been granted
eight children, six now living — Peter M., a Jesuit
I.'riest; Mar>- K. became the wife of Roy A. Silent of
Los Angeles and the mother of a daughter, Patricia;
Josephine M. married Cedric Rae Richmond of San
Jose; Doroth_\- R., a sister in the Convent of the Holy
Name; Catherine M. and Margaret M.; the fifth child,
James and the >'ouiigest, Eleanor, died in infancy. Of
ll'.ose living, the three eldest girls were born while
the family li\'e(l in San F'rancisco and the others in
San Jose and they were educated at Notre Dame in
S;:n Jose and the Holy Name in Oakland. Josei-ihine
is a graduate of the l'niversit>- of California and
\[ary was a senior when she left and Catherine was
a junior. The family attend the Catholic Church.
Mr. Dunne works for civic betterment under the
banners of the Democratic party, and belongs to
the Knights of Columbus and Y. M. I.

HISTORY OF SANTA Cf.ARA C(UJNTY

807

WILLIS S. CLAYTON.— How much of tlu- cred-
it for the phenomenal prosperity of San Jose is (hic to
the acknowledged leadership of such far-sighted, cour-
;. peons and progressive men as Willis S. Clayton, the
president of the First National Bank, only those fa-
miliar with the dependency of comnierce on the lin-
ancial, and the enviable part played by the First Na-
tional Bank in the life and growth of Santa Clara
County can realize. Born a native son in San Jose,
on October 10, 1864, and grounded well in the public
schools of the city, Willis S. Clayton graduated from
the University of the Pacific in 1884, and at once be-
);an his business career in the office of James A. Clay-
ton & Company, his father's firm. EventualK' he be-
came managing partner, and in that responsible posi-
tion he remained for a quarter of a century, often
having charge of very important interests and helping
to build up the business.

This real estate business, of which he was such an
important part for many years, was established by his
father in 1867, and ever since that date has been one
of the sound institutions of the city and the oldest
business of the kind to remain in control of one family
in the state of California. It is located at M West
Santa Clara Street in a building owned by the firm,
and after the death of its founder the business was
continued by Willis S. and the late Edward \\'.
Clayton. In 1907 Willis S. was elected president of
the First National Bank of San Jose, of which his
father was the founder and for many years the presi-
dent. Giving up his real estate business he has since
devoted his entire time to building up the bank's in-
terests. The first year after he assumed the leader-
ship the deposits jumped from one to two million
dollars; and he was also instrumental in the erection
of the splendid bank building at the corner of Santa
Ciara and First Streets, one of the substantial as it
is one of the ornate structures in the city.

Willis S. Clayton was united in marriage at San
Jcse, wTth Miss Anna Bradley, daughter of E. L.
Bradley, prominent pioneer and large land holder of
the county. Mrs. Clayton is an accomplished woman
and is a leader in social and club life in San Jose.
Their children are James Bradley and Willis S., Jr.
Mr. Clayton was elected in 1921, president of the
California Bankers Association, serving in 1921-22
and he is president of the California State Automo-
l")ile Association, 1922-23. He is a Knights Templar
Mason and a Shriner and belongs to some of the
leading clubs of San Francisco and San Jose. Mr.
Clayton has always tried to do his part to advance
the material interests of city and county, is public
spirited and a supporter of all progressive measures
for the well-being of the people.

EDMUND W. MAYNARD.— One of the most
loved and highly esteemed business men who con-
tributed to make San Jose a better city through his
.great love of books was the late Edmund W. May-
nard, who was born at Bratton, Yorkshire, England.
His father was Col. Edmund Gilling Maynard, who
spent twenty-one years in the British Army, serving
with distinction in the Crimean War and in the In-
dian mutiny. In 1869 Col. Maynard brought his fam-
ily to Canada, where they resided for about six years.
However, the climate proved too severe for Mrs.
Maynard, so the Colonel decided to take up his resi-
dence in New Zealand, but upon arriving in Cal-
ifornia took a decided liking for this state with the

result that he came to Santa Clara County and set-
tled in San Jose. Thus it was here that Edmund
Maynard received his education. Here too he was
married in 1892 to Miss Anna M. Tomkin, a daugh-
ter of Dr. Alfred Royce Tomkin, an early settler
here, who was county coroner and public adminis-
trator at the time of his death, and a granddaughter
of James Alexander h'orbes, one of the original
owners of the New yMmaden mine and the first
British consul to California under the Mexican rule.
Edmund Maynard became a successful business
man in San Jose where he conducted one of the
largest and best known book and stationery stores
in this city. However, he '.\'as not permitted to en-
joy the fruits of his success, for he was called by
Prox'idence July 5, 1917, rr.ourned by all who knew
him and particularly by his family and friends. He
was a great lover of books and was a good judge
of their merits, so his advice in courses of reading
was frequently sought. He was a talented musician,
the flute being his chosen instrument, and he was
an active member of the San Jose Symphony Orches-
tra and the San Jose Harmonic Orchestra. He was
also a member of the Chamber of Commerce and
the Business Men's Association, the Sons of St.
George, Odd Fellows and the Woodmen of the
World. He was greatly interested in civics and
stood for high morals and Christian influence. Among
his business associates, Edmund W. Maynard was
looked up to as a man of unquestionable honor, of
progressive ideas and of unusual business ability.
With his personal friends he was loved as few men
are loved; his unselfishness, ready sympathy and
keen sense of humor, endeared him to all who had
the pleasure of his acquaintance; he was especially
fond of children and scores of them, large and small,
will sadly miss "Uncle Ed" as he was affectionately
called by his host of friends. His loss was greatly
felt in the business world as well as in the social
life of San Jose.

P. R. WIGHTMAN.— One of the foremost figures
in the business and public life of Sunnyvale is P. R.
Wightman, a successful inerchant, who is also serv-
nig as mayor of the town, and in both connections
he is making a most creditable record, holding to
high standards of manhood and citizenship. He was
born in Lockport, 111., six miles north of Joliet,
March 15, 1873, a son of Hon. George Wightman,
who served in the Illinois Legislature and was also
a prosperous farmer and stockman. The mother.
Mrs. Susan (Sisson) Wightman, was a daughter of
Captain Sisson, an early pioneer of Illinois, who
aided in building the old blockhouse at Fort Dear-
1,'orn, in Cook County, to protect the white settlers
from Indian attacks, also engagin.g in warfare against
the Redskins.

When P. R. Wightman was a lad of fourteen his
father died and his mother then sold the farm and
removed to Plainfield, 111., where he attended the
public schools, later entering a business college at
Valparaiso, Ind., where he spent a year in stud>-.
He next went to Newton, Kans., and for a year was
employed in the store of his brother, I-'rank Wight-
man, at that place, after which he made his way to
Sayre, Okla., where for seven years he had charge
of the general mercantile establishment owned by
his father-in-law, J. D. Clay. In 1907 he left that

808

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ftatc for California, lirst locating at Glen Ellen,
where he engaged in merchandising for a year, going
:rom there to Cloverdale, in Sonoma Connty, where
lor three years he was similarly occupied, and while
residing in that place was elected a member of the
board of trustees. He became proprietor of a large
general store at Sunnyvale, which he conducted most
successfully, having a thorough knowledge of the
business and ever recognizing the fact that satisfied
patrons are the best advertisement. In the early
tall of 1921 Mr, Wightman ,sold out his store, and
on Xovembcr 1, 1921, with C. \V. Shepard as part-
ner, he started the Sunnyvale Supply Company, deal-
ers in all kinds of lumber and building materials,
tuel and feed. This was accomplished by buying out
tAVO Sunnyvale business concerns. The Sunnyvale
Fuel and I'eed Company and the Minton Lumber
Company. His many friends are glad to know that
the Sunny\'ale Supply Company is meeting with
merited success.

In Oklahoma, in 1900, Mr. Wightman was mar-
ried to Miss Myrtle Clay, a native of Texas and a
daughter of J, D. Clay, a prominent merchant of
Sayre, Okla. To this union has been born a son,
George Clay, Fraternally Mr. Wightman is identi-
fied with the Woodmen of the World and the
Knights of Pythias and the Elks Lodge at Elk City,
Okla., being a charter member of the last named
organization. In April, 1921, Mr. Wightman was
elected chairman of the city board of trustees. He
had previously served on the board for a short time,
Iieing chosen to fill the vacancy caused by the death
of John Hendy, of the Hendy Iron Works. Mr.
Wightman is proving a capable executive, giving to
the town a businesslike and progressive administra-
tion, characterized by needed reforms and improve-
ments. A broadmindcd, public-spirited citizen, he
takes a deep interest in everything relating to the
welfare of the district in which he lives, and has
been most earnest in his support of those projects
wdiihc are a matter of civic virtue and civic pride.

MRS. HATTIE E. TOPHAM.— The highly-
esteemed daughter of a sturdy, successful pioneer,
Mrs. Hattie E. Topham of San Jose can look back,
m her contented sphere, and view with peculiar pride
and satisfaction the great strides made in the phe-
nomenal development of that part of the Golden
State with which she and her family have had so
much to do. A native daughter always proud of
her association with the California commonwealth,
Mrs. Topham was born at Forest Home, Amador
County, on October 29, 1853, the daughter of W. D.
Castle, a native of New York, who moved to Michi-
gan and there married Miss Frances Ferry, a native
of that state. Mr. Castle was a flour miller in Mich-
igan, and in '49, as a real Argonaut, crossed the
great plains on horseback. After a strenuous ex-
perience of three years on the coast, he returned
East to get his wife; and in 1853 he once more
braved the dangers and the hardships of continental
primitive travel and made his way back to Cali-
fornia. He was for a while a miner in Amador
County, and then he opened the Forest Home Hotel
and the local grocery there. In 1868 he came to
Santa Clara County, having just previously main-
tained a dairy in Amador County, which required
him to get into the mountains for feed for his cat-
tle. It will be seen, therefore, that Mr. Castle en-
dured and overcame much in order to progress in

such a manner that his prosperity would denote
real progress for his fellow-citizens and the state.
Inasmuch as the facilities for schooling were poor
m Amador County at that time, Mr. Castle sent his
daughter to the Perry Seminary at Sacramento; and
after coming to Santa Clara County, she attended
first the high school and then the Normal School.
After that she engaged in teaching for fifteen months
in Auburn, Placer County; and at Milpitas, on De-
cember 21, 1874, she married Edward Topham, a
native of Toronto, Canada, where he was born on
December 26, 1840. His father was William Top-
haiTi, and his mother, before her marriage, was
Eliza Sylvester.

In 1868 Edward Topham came out to San Fran-
cisco by way of the Isthmus, and for a while re-
sided in Santa Clara County. He was a blacksmith,
and was experienced in wagon and carriage building.
He bought out the interest of S. F. Ayers, and then
he and David S. Boyce were partners for years at
Milpitas. He had had a blacksmith shop there for
several years previous to this marriage, and he also
owned a grocery; and he resided at Milpitas for
thirty-one years prior to his death, in April, 1905.
He and Charles Carle were partners for fifteen years
in the grocery, and he also had a farm of forty acres
near Milpitas. In addition, he and A. A. Davis and
Goulder Slankard had a cattle ranch m the moun-
tains near the New Idra Quicksilver Mines, and this
valuable property, consisting of about 10,000 acres,
was known as the Laguna Ranch, and supported on
an average of not less than 500 head of cattle. The
range was covered with springs, there was plenty of
water, and it was a beautiful spot. Spurred on by
the motto, "Nothing venture, nothing share," is it
i'ny wonder that Edward Topham succeeded for both
himself and others where many a competitor failed?
He was a standpat Republican, and as such did what
he could to elevate the standard of good citizenship.
He belonged to the Masons of San Jose, and both
he and his good wife were popular members of the
Eastern Star. Soon after he arrived in California,
Henry Topham, an elder brother, followed, then re-
turned East, and afterward came to Milpitas with
his wife; and for a number of years he kept a ware-
house there. Ten years later, William Topham, a
younger brother, also came to California, and he is
now living on a fruit ranch at Berryessa.

Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Top-
ham. Clarence is a farmer in Tulare County. He
married Nancy Cameron and they have three chil-
dren, Mclba, Lester and Hariett. Frank H. is a
citrus grower at Lindsay. He married Miss Jessie
Chase and they have three children, Lois, William
and Francis. Edward is a surgeon and physician at
San Francisco. He married Cecile Belle McClellan
and is the father of two children, Neddie and Jack.
Chester A. is with the W. L. Atkinson Realty Com-
pany in San Jose. He married Anna Evans and has
two children living, Beverley and Chester; Maxwell
is dead. Blanche is Mrs. J. M. Barrett of San Jose
and has a son, Chester Barrett. Clifton is on the
Fort Miller Ranch at Friant in Fresno County. He
married Charity Harrison and they have three
daughters, Dorothy, Helen Ann and Betty Louisa.
Alida is the wife of Alexander H. Caineron, a citrus
grower at Lindsay, and has one son, Harold.
Estella's husband is J. B. Moore, a merchant of the
same town, and they have a daughter, Maxine.

ayi

' ^j2y/

HISTORY OF SANTA CT.ARA COUNTY

811

AUSTIN FLEMING UMBARGER.— Among the

successful and highly respected pioneers of Santa
Clara County who did much to improve and build up
the Bcrryessa district as a fruit section, was the late
Austin Fleming Umbarger, who was born in Wythe
County, Va., on August 6, 1836, but at an earl>- age
he accompanied his parents to Marshall, 111., where he
was reared on a farm. On the breaking out of the
Civil War he enlisted as a member of the Thirty-
fourth Illinois N'olunteer Infantry, Second Brigade,
Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, in wdiich
he served three years. Soon after the war was over
he started to California via Panama, arriving at San
Francisco in 1866, then coming to Santa Clara County.
On November 29, 1874, Mr. Umbarger was married
to Miss Josephine Bowen, a native of Barrington,
111., and they made their home on their ranch on the
Penctencia Creek Road. Here they set out orchards
and brought the place to a high degree of cultivation
so that the P'mbarger ranch was considered one of
the valuable properties of this locality. They spent
the remainder of their days on this ranch. Mrs. Um-
barger passed away March 16, 1912, and the father
died November S, 1918. He was a member of the
Odd Fellows and the G. A. R. On the Umliarger
ranch their only daughter, Nellie was born and reared,
her education being acquired in the schools of tliis
district and in the San Jose high school. On June 27,
1911, she was married to Earl E. Blackburn, a native
of Callaway County, Mo., who came to California in
1908. They reside on the Uinbarger ranch, which
Mrs. Blackburn inherited at her father's death, con-
tinuing the care of this valuable property, which is
in full-bearing orchards of prunes, apricots, and
cherries. Mr. and Mrs. Blackburn's marriage has
been blessed with the birth of a daughter, Jean Eve-
lyn, and from their attractive home, like the Um-
bargers, they radiate the old-time hospitality.

WILLIAM D. STEWART.— A f^ne type of the
self-made, self-reliant Scotch-American is William D.
Stewart, now enjoying, at middle age, a comfortable
home at Zll South Second Street, San Jose. He was
born at Pitlochry, Perthshire, Scotland, on January
1. 1855, the son of Duncan Stewart, a farmer, who
had retired to Pitlochry, and was there living when
our subject was born. He was a Scotch Highlander,
well-informed and respected. He married Jane Duff,
a sister of the late Dr. Duff, of Edinburgh, where
Mrs. Stewart was born. The Duffs were always
rated among the best Scotch families, and Dr. Duff
was a minister in the Free Church of Scotland, and
tor many years served as a missionarjr to India.
Both of these worthy parents lived and died in Scot-
land. They had twelve children, but all are de-
ceased save three: William D. is the subject of our
interesting review; Finley is a plumber doing an ex-
tensive business at Tongi, Morocco; and Maggie has
become Mrs. Leary, and resides near Liverpool, Eng-
land. She has a son. Jack, employed by the Cali-
fornia Packing Company at Madera, Cal.

William Stewart grew up in Scotland until his
fourteenth j^ear; and then he decided to come to
America, doubtless largely on account of James
Stewart, one of two older brothers already in the
United States, who had served in the Union Army,
and after that had come to Nevada. In April, 1870,

William reached lilko, Nev., although he had arrived
at Castle Oarden, in New York, in July, 1869, after
a voyage on one of the old Anchor Liners running
out of (ilasgow; his mother had died in Scotland
two >ears before, and he had said good-bye to his
father, relatives and friends. While in the East, he
went to Washington, D. C, to see the other elder
brother, Mungo Stewart, who was a stonecutter by
occupation and was working on the Capitol. He
stayed in Washington that fall and winter, and the
following spring set out for Nevada. He has thus
made his way in the world since he was fourteen.

He started to work in a livery stable, then became
a swamper, and having gained his employer's confi-
dence, he was advanced to seventy-five dollars per
month, and although a mere boy, received the highest
wages paid to the best of the men. He soon be-
came a teamster, and then he was getting $125 per
month and his board. He worked there for four years,
and all this time he saved his money. The railroad
was then built, so he went to Alpha and handled gen-
eral merchandise from Alpha to Eureka with an eight-
een-mule team. When the railroad was completed to
Eureka, the teams were put on to haul from Eureka
to Belmont, Nev., a stretch of 100 miles, and also
from Eureka to Tibo, another 100 miles, and from
Eureka to Piochi, 180 miles, and from Eureka to
Ward, now called Ely, another 100 miles. That was
in 1875, and he freighted all over those routes.

In 1878-79, he bought an eight-mule team from a
Frenchman, and in 1883 J. L. Whiteside was his part-
ner. From 1879 to 1883, their business grew, and in
1883 he owned five twenty-mule teams, with wagons
and equipment complete. In 1883 he bought out his
partner, who went to Los Angeles, where later he
died. Business fell off — came practically to a stand-
still; and he met with heavy reverses, largely be-
cause of the demoralization of silver. He saved two
twenty-mule teams, and started off with them to
Butte City, Montana, and he was thirty-three days
on the road going seven hundred miles. He slept
out, suffered the hardships of rain and even snow-
storms, and never stopped; and arriving in Butte,
he engaged in the wood business.

On January 26, 1886, he sold all the mules and other
equipment and came to San Jose, arriving here in
February, 1886; and he built three cottages for rent
on North Third Street, and up to June, 1888, did a
little real estate business. Then he had the oppor-
tunity to take charge of the Dean Estate stock ranch
at Beowawe, Nev., which consisted of a vast range
and had 4,500 head of cattle and 4,500 head of horses;
and for fourteen years he ran this stock enterprise
successfully. In 1902, he went to Tonopah, and upon
leaving the Dean Estate he was presented with a gold
watch, engraved as follows: "Presented to W. D.
Stewart, in gratitude for faithful service to the Dean
Estate, April, 1902." He was in Tonopah during the
gold boom, and he ran a feed corral, and between
1902 and 190S he made $20,000: In the fall of 1905.
he came back to San Jose, and he has been here ever
since. Mr. Stewart is president of the Copa de Orr
Mining and Milling Company, owners of a mme
located at Glencoe, Calaveras County, Cal, wdiich is
a good prospect; and he is at present retired except
for the looking after his interests there. In 1918 he
slipped and fell at the mine and injured his left hip-

812

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

joint, and he has been invaHded ever since, and only
recently he has been able to get around slowly and
by the use of a crutch.

At Eureka, Nev., in 1883, Mr. Stewart was married
to Miss Maggie Wissig, a native of Germany, who
came to America the same year, 1869. in which he
migrated, and who grew up in Philadelphia and San
Francisco. One cliild blessed this union — Frank,
M-ho is well known as a business man of Santa Clara.
Mr. Stewart is a Republican, and he holds to the
tenets of the Presbyterian Church.

HENRY C. WALTER.— Among the enterprising
men who have been instrumental in building up the
horticultural interests of this section is Henry C.
Walter, whose property is located on the Saratoga
Road. He was born in Philadelphia, Pa., on Novem-
ber 24, 1857, the son of Mathis and Caroline
(Krause) Walter, both natives of Germany, the father
being a cooper by trade.

The parents came to California in 1868, locating on
a ranch near Mountain View and later on Perma-
nente Creek, when the wife died, December 1, 1889,
at sixty years. The father is a veteran Odd Fellow
ar.d is still living, hale and hearty at the age of
ninety-two years, having been born April 16, 1830.
They had seven children: Henrj' C, our subject;
John H. died at nineteen; Chas. W. resides at Long
Beach; Carrie J.. Mrs. Scagraves, resides at Sara-
toga; Mrs. Louise Gaster resides at Lodi, and
Louis E. at Mountain View; Emma was the wife of
Geo. W. Cox and died in January, 1916.

Henry C. attended the schools of Pennsylvania
and Santa Clara Count>- and has since devoted his
time to farming. He has always been a stanch ad-
vocate ot temperance, neither does he use tobacco.
He has a fine collection of books and has made
several artistically finished book-cases and several
other valuable pieces of furniture.

His marriage occurred on February 21. 1897. at the
Wm. Cox home, and united him with Mary J. Co.x.
the daughter of William and Dicey (Baggs) Co.x.
pioneers of this region. Mr. and Mrs. Walter have
one son, Howard C, who is in charge of their or-
chards on the old Wm. Cox home place. They have
about twenty acres here and twenty-one acres on
Cox Avenue devoted to prunes, now all full bearing.
The place is well improved with a large fine resi-
dence and other buildings including a dryer, being
beautifully located on Saratoga, near the corner of
Cox Avenue. Mrs. Walter was born on this place
in 1855 and was reared and educated here, so she is
naturally very fond of her childhood home. After
completing the puljlic school, she attended the Uni-
versity of the Pacific. She has become greatly in-
terested in horticulture and has Ijcen an able assistant
to her husband in his orcharding.

Liberal and kind hearted, they take pleasure in dis-
pensing the good old time California hospitality.
They are members of the Christian church at Sara-
toga and are adherents of the Republican jiarty.

CARL WESLEY HAMAN.— A man of wide ex-
perience and executive ability, Carl Wesley Haman
has covered an unusual field in his business and
professional life, as a school teacher, in the banking
business, the newspaper field, as a horticulturist,
and now as assistant manager of Rosenberg Bros.
& Company, in nil of which he has attained success.
He was born in Monticello, Lewis County, Mo., Oc-

tober 13, 1868, third son of Charles and Elizabeth
(Hudson) Haman, the father of German parentage,
while the mother was born in Tennessee, of En-
glish and Irish descent. Three of their sons are
bving: John H. is a retired farmer and capitalist of
Canton, Mo., and president of the Monticello Trust
Company. William F., a minister in the Christian
church, now residing at Canton, Mo., was formerly
pastor of Christian churches at St. Louis. Mo., and
at Sedalia, Mo. The youngest of the family is Carl
W.. of this sketch.

Bereaved of his mother when he was only six
weeks old, C. W. Haman was reared by his uncle
and aunt. Frederick and Elvira (Lair) Haman, of
Shelby County, Mo., who, having no children of
their own, legally adopted him, and there C. W. re-
reived his early education. After graduating from
the high school he entered the State Normal School
nt KirksviUe, Mo., finishing the regular four years'
course there in the class of 1889. After graduating,
he began teaching at Salem, Mo., where he was
first assistant in the high school. In 1892 he helped
organize the bank at Bethel, Mo., and became its
cashier, occupying that position until 1895, when he
nnd his wife came to California.

Settling at Santa Clara, Mr. Haman entered the
newspaper field, working on the Santa Clara Jour-
nal, a semi-weekly, for a year, N. H. Downing then
being the proprietor. Later he and the Messrs.
Downing purchased forty-three acres of land near
Santa Clara, which they set out to prunes, this
marking Mr. Haman's entrance into horticulture,
and he still owns part of this tract; he also has other
orchard interests. Next he engaged in the feed and
fuel business at Santa Clara, continuing in this for
five \ears and operating his orchard properties at the
same time. Several years ago Mr. Haman began
as a fruit buyer for Rosenberg Bros. & Company,
buying from growers in Santa Clara County. He
has been very successful in this work and is now
assistant manager of the Santa Clara plant.

On August 27. 1890, Mr. Haman was married to
Miss Bertha Morgan, who was born at Salem, lii.,
a daughter of John M. and Catherine (Bright) Mor-
gan, both natives of Ohio. When Mrs. Haman was
nine years old her parents moved to KirksviUe, Mo.,
and there she was educated in the public schools
and at the KirksviUe State Normal School. The
father is deceased, but Mrs. Morgan is still living
nt KirksviUe, the mother of six children; A. R. Mor-
gan is principal of the Sherman School at St. Louis,
Mo.; Martha is the widow of the late Newton Wil-
iiams of KirksviUe, Mo.; Alice is the widow of G.
D. Dawson of Memphis. Mo.; Adah became the wife
of John M. Gates of KirksviUe. Mo., and passed
away in 1891, leaving a daughter, Adah, now Mrs.
Craig Reddish of Washington. D. C; Bertha E. is
Mrs. Haman; Olive is at home with her mother.
Mrs. Haman is a talented, cultured woman, and
both she and her husband are members of the Bap-
tist Church at Santa Clara. Cal., Mrs. Haman being
in charge of the nmsic, and Mr. Haman being Sun-
day School Superintendent. Popular in Masonic
circles, Mrs. Haman is past matron of Santa Clara
Chapter No. 195, O. E. S., while Mr. Haman is past
master of Liberty Lodge No. 299, F. & A. M. He is
also an officer of San Jose Commandery No. 10,
Knights Templar, and belongs to Islam Shrine of
San Francisco. He is a stockholder of the Santa

^HviU/iCayyx^ ^^^O^VtAjt^^

HI«^TORV OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

817

Clara branch of the Bank of Italy ami of the Bank
of San Jose, and for eight years was president of
the Santa Clara Board of Education. He served
several years on the Republican County Central
Committee, and is numbered among the influential
citizens of Santa Clara.

JOHN W. STRANDBERG.— Among the well
known ranchmen and cattle dealers of Santa Clara
County is John \V. Strandberg. whoso activities
have constituted a valuable contribution to the de-
velopment and upbuilding of the district in which
he lives. Although living a retired life, his com-
petency was gained only through many years of hard
toil. He was born in Gothenburg, Sweden, Decem-
ber 14, 1840. a son of Jacob and Annie ( Hendrick-
son) Strandberg. During the year of 1844 the father
passed away and the following year the mother
died, leaving John W. an orphan. Friends of the
family took the boy in and his time was spent
between the city and country so there was very
little chance for schooling, his days being spent in
hard work. When he became old enough, he secured
work in the steamship shops of Gothenburg, remain-
ing there until he was twenty-two years of age,
then spent two years in Stockholm and then he
embarked for the United States with the determi-
nation of finding work in the copper mines on Lake
Superior. He came to America in 1864 and soon
after enlisted in Company K, Twenty-eighth Michi-
gan Infantry under General Schofield and General
Thomas. His companj' saw service in the battles
of Three Rivers. N. C. and battle of Nashville and
he was discharged from the service June 6, 1866, at
Raleigh. N. C. He was then employed with the
Union Pacific railroad, working in the shops at
Omaha. North Platte and Laramie City, Wyo., and
tljen he worked for the Western Union Telegraph
Company on construction work along the railroad
toward California. He was thus employed until
the fall of 1869. then removed to Omaha and worked
there until 1870; then to Helena, Ark., then to New
Orleans, thence to Chicago and on to St. Paul,
working on the building of the Northern Pacific
railroad from St. Paul to Bismarck, N. D.

The work on the railroad was discontinued in
1873, and Mr. Strandberg took up a farm fourteen
miles north of Bismarck, building a house and other-
wise improving the place, and during the great flood
of that year caused by the overflowing of the Mis-
souri River everything was washed away, leaving
him utterly ruined. He then removed to Mineral
Hill, Nev., where he spent two years in the mines;
thence to Eureka, Nev., engaging in mining until
1886; then came to San Francisco, after a short
trip to Alaska. Upon returning to California, he
filed a claim for 160-acres of government land near
Mt. Hamilton, Santa Clara County, later acquir-
ing by purchase an additional 160 acres. These
320 acres were grazing land and for twenty-seven
years Mr. Strandberg was engaged in stockraising.
After disposing of his ranch, he removed to Oakland
where he spent one year, then to San Jose and has
resided here continuously for the past ten years.

The marriage of Mr. Strandberg, in January, 1877,
in Omaha, Neb., united him with Miss Mary Eliza-
beth Bergquist. a native of Sweden, and they became
the parents of three children; Jennie, employed in
the Bank of Oakland; Edith, now Mrs. C. Peterson.

residing in Oakland; Alma died .tt tlie age of twenty-
one. Mrs. Strandberg passed away in 1887 while
residing on tiie ranch. Mr. Strandberg is a mem-
ber of Sheridan-ljix I'ost No. 7 of San Jose, he
is a member of the Theosophical Society of San
Jose and at the advanced age of eighty-one years
is living retired at 531 East William Street. He
has never had occasion to regret his determination
to come to the West and, utilizing the opportun-
ities here offered, has made a name and place for
himself in the city of his adoption.

DR. DAVID PAUL CAMERON.— A very skil-
ful dentist who has become a leader in his profes-
sion and is today one of the most distinguished rep-
resentatives of the second dental college in the world,
is Dr. David Paul Cameron, of 410 View Street,
Mountain View, at which place, for practically one-
quarter of a century, he has resided and practiced.
He was born at Cincinnati on January 3, 1867, the
son of Dr. J. G. Cameron, one of the first dentists
in that city, and who, for forty years, was one of
the ablest professional men there. Grandfather Wil-
liam Cameron was a farmer in Cecil County, Md.,
and lived upon a portion of a grant given to the
Cameron family by Lord Baltimore, which grant has
been in the Cameron family for 200 3'ears. The
Camerons may trace their ancestry back to noted
Scotchmen of birth and honor, and this branch of
the Cameron family became prominent in the states
of Maryland and Ohio.

David Paul Cameron grew up in Cincinnati and
lived there until he was thirty years old, educated in
private schools and for a while attending the Chick-
ering Institute, whose prescribed course of study he
completed. He then studied dentistry under his
father, and when only sixteen could fill teeth. After
that he entered the Ohio Dental College at Cin-
cinnati, the second oldest dental college in the world.
of which his father was a trustee, while a brother.
Dr. Otis L. Cameron, was a lecturer there; and he
was duly graduated from the college, with the class
of '90. Thus favored with a complete course in den-
tistry. Dr. Cameron opened a dental office in Cin-
cinnati, and he practiced independently of his father,
who remained eminent in that city for four decades.
Upon the latter's death in 1892, our subject suc-
ceeded to his patronage, maintaining a suite of offices
with his brother, Dr. Otis L. Cameron, who prac-
ticed medicine at 132 Garfield Place.

After a siege of double typhoid-pneumonia, when
he hovered between life and death for 110 days with
that dread malady, Dr. David P. Cameron came out
to California in 1897. abandoning the extensive
practice he had taken such pains to build up. Not
only had his life been despaired of, but he had been
reduced to a mere skeleton, and when he came to
California, he was so weak that he could scarcely
walk a block. He stopped for a while in Los An-
geles, but not being content, he went to San Fran-
cisco and began to pick up both strength and flesh;
he weighed 108 pounds when he reached San Fran-
cisco; then he gained thirt}'-four pounds; after that
he went back to 135 pounds, where he stood for two
years, next he advanced to 170 pounds, and now for
several years past his normal weight has been 16(1
pounds. As he grew stronger, he began to look for
ri place to locate, and in 1898 good fortune directed
him to Mountain View, wdiere lie lias built up an
enviable practice, with his oftrce at his residence.

818

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

At Cincinnati in 1890, Dr. Cameron was married
to Miss Florence Edith White, of Cincinnati, mem-
ber of a prominent Southern family and a third
rousin of Jefferson Davis, President of the Confed-
erate States; and their union has been blessed with
three children: David Paul Cameron, Jr., was grad-
uated from the Mountain View high school with the
class of '21, and he is now taking post-graduate
work at the high school, and is the captain of the
high school's football team; Otis Little is in first-year
work at the high school; Joseph Gay is still at home.

MRS. CATHERINE DUNNE.— It is not often
that Californians, alert to honor those pioneers who
have made straight for posterity the paths once so
crooked, have the opportunity to repay their debt
of gratitude to a nonagenarian such as Mrs. Catherine
Dunne, who has already attained the tine old age of
ninety-four and looks forward eagerly to seeing her
hundredth year. She first reached the Pacific on June
IC, 18S1, and more and more, as the years have gone
li\', has she and her worthy family enjoyed, as they
have merited, the esteem and good-will of everyf)ody.

Wexford, Ireland, was the scene of her birth, on
August 3, 1828, when she entered the family of John
and Mary O'Toole, but she was scarcely two years
on the Emerald Isle when her parents migrated to
Canada, establishing their home near Quebec, and
there Catherine grew up to enjoy the advantages of
the French-Canadian education. In 1851 she met and
married at her home Bernard Murphy, born in 1818,
in Canada, whose father, Martin Murphy, had made
his way to California in 1844 and there founded the
Murphy family which has since risen to such proni-
iuence in California, especially in Santa Clara Count>-;
and it was natural enough, that instead of remaining
in Canada, Mr. and Mrs.' Murphy should start for
tlie Golden State. They traveled by way of Panama,
;)iid arrived at San Francisco on June 16. Only a
short period of bliss was in store for this ambitious
and worthy man; for on April 11, 1853, he was one of
many who met death through the blowing up of the
steamer "Jenny Lind," while crossing San Francisco
Llay. One child, Martin J. C. Murphy, had been born
to these devoted parents in June, 1852; and while a
mere youth his brilliancy gave promise of a future in
which he would be a sustaining comfort to the mourn-
ing widow; but the Providence whose ways arc ever
snch a mystery called him away from his books when
.'it Georgetown College, whither he had gone to study
law, when just nineteen years, eleven months old, on
May 25, 1872. His reinains were brought West to
Gilroy and interred beside those of his father in the
old cemetery in that town.

On May 6, 1862, Mrs. Murphy remarried, taking for
her husband Jaines Dunne, who had arrived in Cal-
ifornia in the late '50s, and after twelve years of mar-
ried life of the happiest kind, he died on June 4,
1874. He had lived to see the birth of their three
children, Mary Philcta, Peter J., and Catherine P..
Dunne; and to know that his widow would inherit
rather a vast estate, mostly large tracts of land in
Santa Clara County. Mary become Mrs. Joseph H.
Rucker, the wife of the San Jose realty dealer;
Peter J. married Miss Josephine Masten, the daugh-
ter of N. K. Masten of San Francisco.; Catherine I',
is Mrs. Ralph W. Hersey of Santa Barbara. Peter J.
is a graduate of Santa Clara College, has had a suc-
cessful business career in San Francisco, and since

1895 has been the right hand man of his aged mother,
managing with rare ability her extensive estate. This
property was originally held by Bernard Murphy, but
in the hands of both James and Peter Dunne, its
value has ^ greatly appreciated. Much of the credit
of this wise management of a large and varied prop-
erty, as well as credit for the enviable status of each
member of her family, must be given this estimable
gentlewoman who looks back over almost a century;
lor as wife, mother, neighbor and citizen she dis-
charged her responsible duties, showing exceptional
ability in many ways for such a task, and never los-
ing her faith in a future for the land of her adoption,
and the count}' and the town so closely associated
\. ith his home ties. Mrs. Dunne is now residing with
^Irs. Hersey at Santa Barbara. Santa Clara County
is more than pleased to honor such a sturdy pioneer,
V hose life has run parallel with the lives of thousands
\' ho have found their ultimate goal and the lealiza-
tion of their dreams in this favored section.

JOSHUA HENDY IRON WORKS.— Few peo-
ple, no doubt, have any adecjuate idea of the im-
l)ortance and magnitude of the Joshua Hendy Iron
Works at Sunnyvale, a wonderful monument to its
founder, the late Joshua Hendy of San Francisco,
and also the late John Hendy, its former president
?nd general superintendent, whose widow is one of
the most highly-esteemed residents of Sunnyvale.
The present company was incorporated in 1903; it
,'tarted to build its great plant at Sunnyvale in 1906,
and in February of the following year, it commenced
to operate. Follow-ing the death of their uncle, the
said Joshua Hendy, his two nephews, John and
Samuel Hendy, operated the works. On the death
of his brother, Samuel J. Hendy, John H. Hendy
became president and, on May 8, 1920, he was
stricken with apoplexy and passed away at the
family home a fev\- days later.

The city organization is located in San Francisco,
and that branch takes care of all sales, contracts, etc.,
the organization at Sunnyvale turning out the
products desired. The officers are: president and
general manager, F. J. Behneman of San Francisco;
vice-president and assistant manager, Morris Levitt,
:.lso of San Francisco; secretary and treasurer, C. C.
Gardner of Alameda, and the general superintendent.
H. S. Rexworthy of Sunnyvale. During the World
War, the Hendy Iron Works did its duty in con-
tributing a hugh share of what Uncle Sam needed
for his success at arms, but it was able to accomplish
(his only by running shifts of men — 500 during the
day, and 400 during the night. It helped out the
Government by putting out a vast deal of heavy
work. Thus at this plant it built ten sets of triple-
expansion marine engines weighing 124 tons each
and having 2,800 horsepower each. It made one
single casting which weighed fifteen and one-half
tons. This was only a small part of the work done
at Sunnyvale.

The works occupy twenty-nine acres facing on
Sunnyvale Avenue in Sunnyvale, and the main build-
ing was carefully desi.gned with reference to the
liroper heating, ventilation, lighting and water sup-
ply. This building is one-eighth of a mile long, and
'■I is supplied with three traveling cranes of fifteen,
twenty and thirty tons capacity. The company owns
forty acres of additional ground near to the plot
upon which the works are located, and it has put in
a 700-foot well in which the water rises 300 feet, and

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HISTORY OK v^ANTA LM.ARA COUNTY

821

is then pumped by means of a
pump, driven by olectrieity into

large eentrifngal
1 water tank or
tower eigbty feet high. This supplies water in sul-
ticient quantities for the use of the works, and also
for irrigating the lawns in front of the main build-
ing and adjacent lands; the lawns arc well-kept and
beautiful, and so are the spare lands on which are
planted orchards and gardens. Tracks of the South-
ern Pacific Railroad Company enter the premises,
where the company has installed a weigh-box with
railwav weighing scales which gives the weight of
every car as it enters and leaves the works. Elec-
trical power from the Pacific Gas and Electric Com-
pany furnishes the motive force, and gigantic trans-
formers provide the quality of power needed for the
various mechanical operations, while three great air-
compressors provide compressed air for operating,
riveting machinery, trip-hammers, clippers, etc. The
eastern quarter of the main building is the assem-
bling room; but at times the job is so big that the
assembling has to be done outside, especially in the
building of the massive head-gates for irrigation pur-
poses. The main buildings contain hundreds of thou-
sands, if not millions of dollars worth of up-to-date,
heavy steel and iron-working machinery.

To the rear of the main building are the foundry,
'the largest on the Pacific Coast), the carpenter shop
and lumber yards, the pattern shop, the pattern store,
the yard crane, the general store room, the car shop,
which contains a number of forges, and blacksmith
and plate shop, where is being manufactured at the
present a large number of construction cars for use
on the Dom Pedro Dam, at the head of the Modesto
and Turlock irrigation projects, and hydroelectric
works. Here is manufactured structural steel for
mining companies. There is also the building con-
taining the two great electrical transformers and the
three great air compressors. The foundry is a mar-
vel of efficiency and magnitude, and among its strik-
ing architectural features are three gigantic cupolas,
tor melting the iron, and three vast pits where the
moulds are made and metal is poured for massive
castings. The main building contains the offices of
the works, including the administration and engineer-
ing offices and the general superintendent's offices,
and also the commodious and well-arranged drafts-
men's rooms, and the storehouses; and among the
massive, truly wonderful machines installed in the
main building may be mentioned a grea^ gear-cutter
ihat can cut gears with exactness in solid steel up
to twelve feet in diameter, and up to a seventeen-inch
face. There is also a sixteen-foot vertical boring
mill, and a Putnam lathe of eighty-eight-inch cen-
ters with a thirty-six-foot bed, which is capable of
turning out fifteen-ton crank shafts and other big
work; a horizontal boring mill forty tons in weight,
designed and built and set up in these works. The
plant as a whole is very well lighted and ventilated,
with all sanitary conveniences and first aid for the
injured. The expanse of windows may be judged
somewhat from the fact that it costs about $500.00
for a single window cleaning.

Among the products of these famous works are
heavy mining machinery comprising stamp mills,
rock or ore crushers, ball mills, and machinery of all
description pertaining to mining, irrigation, hydro-
electric works, etc., etc. Machinery manufactured at
Sunnyvale have been set up in the most remote parts
of the earth, — as when two Hendy mills were in-

stalled at Nome, Alaska, in 1912. There are two-
stamp and three-stamp mills, and each is a model
in design and workmanship. The iron works also
manufacture ore and rock cars, for which they are
famous, and these include Hendy's Ideal Car, steel
double side dump "V"-shaped body cars, gable bot-
tom cars, and cradle or U-shaped body side dump
cars, and the Matteson side and end dump cars.
Original and leaders in their own path-breaking
movements, the Joshua Hendy Iron Works keep
pointing the way for others to follow, and they leave
no stone unturned to send out only perfectly-finished
goods, howsoever bulky and common in general style
they may happen to be. Both Sunnyvale, Santa
Clara County, and San Francisco are to be con-
gratulated on having such a product of the Twen-
tieth Century as the Joshua Hendy Iron Works of
Sunnyvale and the Bay City, the former boasting of
the factory whose efficiency is largely due to the
exceptional superintendence of the genial director,
Mr. H. S. Rexworthy.

LEWIS LARSON.— Prominent among the lead-
ers in the prune and apricot growing industry in
Santa Clara County is Lewis Larson, the thoroughly
progressive, if wisely conservative rancher of Sunny-
vale, where he owns ten acres given up to a valu-
r.ble orchard and four choice acres within the town
site. He was born near Victoria, Knox County, 111.,
on August 29, 1870, the son of Halvor Larson, who
was born in Sweden, married there, in 1867, and in
that year came to America, accompanied by his good
wife. They settled in Knox County, 111., where Mr.
Larson followed farming for ten years. Then he and
his family removed to Stromsburg, Polk County,
Nebr., and there Lewis grev/ to be sixteen years of
age. His father bought eighty acres of railway land:
hut selling out in 1887, he came to California and
pitched his tent for a while at San Pedro. He soon
moved to Selma, Fresno County, but at the end of
one and a half years, he shifted again to the vicinity
of Paso de Robles, in San Luis Obispo County.
Later, they moved to San Miguel and farmed there.
Four children honored Mr. and Mrs. Larson: Lewis
is the eldest; Ida, now the wife of August Landen.
lesides on Murphy Avenue, Sunnyvale; Amanda
lives at home and presides over Mr. Larson's house-
hold; Jennie died at Selma when she was niite years
old. Both parents died at Sunnyvale.

Lewis Larson attended school at Stroniburg,
Nebr., and when he struck out for himself, he rented
a grain ranch at San Miguel, which he operated for
seven years. The' long droughts were so severe,
however, that the seed grain did not sprout, and he
Had three crop failures in seven years. In the mean-
while his father had come over to this same place,
and he bought the ten acres during the winter of
1897-98, when he started planting prunes, peaches
and apricots, with which he has been very success-
ful. Mr. Larson is a member of the Prune and
Apricot Association, and he did very active and
cfTective work as the chairman of the drive which
resulted in getting many signers in Sunnyvale, Bur-
ley and Jefferson districts. He has served repeat-
edly on the board of trustees and on the jury. In
1915 he was elected to the board of trustees of
Sunnyvale, and he was chairman of the board just
before John Hendy became chairman, and he was
reelected a trustee.

822

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

URIAH WOOD.— Starting for the west as early
as 1852, Uriah Wood upon his arrival in California
bravely endured the hardships of a pioneer existence,
cheerfully accepted the privations consequent to
frontier life, and persistently pushed his way forward
in the face of discouragement and occasional reverses,
and in the latter years of his life reached a position
where, with abundance of means and a record of a
well-spent life, wielded an influence born of material
success. When he crossed the plains he was a young
man, full of ambition, courage and perseverance, but
with scarcely any capital. Many of the characteristics
of Mr. Wood were his by inheritance from an hon-
orable ancestry, of remote German extraction, but
long identified with the United States. His grand-
father, David Wood, who was a native of New York,
suffered the terror of being taken captive by the In-
dians when a boy, but made his escape and reached
home in safety. When the Revolutionary War broke
out he became a soldier and fought for independence
with a bravery characteristic of his race. Uriah D.
Wood, son of this Revolutionary veteran, was born
and reared in New York and later engaged in lumber-
ing in the Allegheny Mountains. While the Missis-
sippi Valley was still an unknown region and its
wealth and fertile soil unrealized, he took his family
from New York to Illinois in 1839, making the trip
with horses through Ohio and Indiana. They
stopped in Chicago long enough to visit a drug store
and purchase a remedy for ague, the prevailing dis-
ease of those days. Arriving in Whiteside County,
he settled near Portland, where he took up land,
turned the first furrow in the soil and, being a car-
penter, erected all of his buildings. In 1841 he re-
moved to LaSalle County, where he engaged in agri-
cultural pursuits for the balance of his life. In poli-
tics he was a Whig, while in religion he was a mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. At the time
of his death he had reached the age of eighty years.
His wife, Anna (Cline) Wood, was born in New-
York of Mohawk-Dutch ancestry, and died in Illinois.
They were the parents of eight children. One son,
David, was a pioneer of 1849 in California and con-
tinued to make this state his home until he passed
away, at Gilroy, about 1891.

While the family were living in Cattaraugus Coun-
ty, N. Y., Uriah Wood was born September S, 1829.
He was ten years old when he accompanied his par-
ents to Illinois. At the time the family resided in
Illinois, schools were so uncommon that there was
little opportunity of studying under teachers, yet he
acquired valuable information not to be found in text-
books. He Avas the possessor of a robust constitu-
tion, unusual capabilities, and his services were eager-
Ij sought by farmers. At the age of seventeen he re-
ceived $15 per month, this being the highest wages
paid any man in all that country. Half of his wages
he gave his father, and the balance was used for the
necessities of life. With four yoke of oxen and a
breaking plow he turned the furrows in many acres
of primitive land, his work being always carefully and
V. ell done. Somttimes he drove to Chicago with his
father, hauling wheat to market. During the fall of
1850 he worked for a man in Arkansas and while
with him made two trips to New Orleans on large
flat boats, returning on a steamer. There were three
voung men in the party that started for the West in

1852. Their ox teams were shipped to St. Joseph,
AIo., where they were taken from the cars and hitched
to wagons. The difficult journey was made over
plains and mountains, across rivers and through
deserts, down the Humboldt River and on to Hang-
town, \\ here they arrived in September, 1852. The
journey was less arduous for them than for many
emigrants, for the Indians did not molest them, nor
were they short of provisions. Mr. Wood spent a
short time in Calaveras County in the mines; then
went to Spanish Flats and in the fall of 1853 tried
his luck on the middle fork of the American River.
He did not meet with the success that he had antici-
pated, and decided to change his occupation, so went
to Coloma, thence to Sacramento, where he received
$50 a month for driving a team. In the spring of 1854
he came to Santa Clara County, and bought two yoke
of oxen and a wagon, and engaged in teaming in the
redwoods. Money being scarce he accepted as pay-
ment horses and cattle. In this way he accumulated
one hundred head of cattle, which he sold, and with
the proceeds bought 842 head of sheep. For eighteen
months he herded his flock in the Pacheco Moun-
tains and then moved them into Merced County, es-
tablishing a sheep ranch at Los Banos, ten miles from
his nearest neighbor. After investigating land in
various parts of the state and finding nothing better
suited to his purpose than the land he occupied, he
bought the property. Each year his flock was al-
most doubled. At first he was obliged to pump all
the water needed by the flock, but after some years
the canal was built through his land. During the dry
year of 1863 he managed to keep his flock almost in-
tact, but in 1864 he suffered heavy losses, losing over
three thousand sheep.

Adding to his original purchase year by year, Mr.
Wood finally acquired 5000 acres. Much of this was
rented to tenants. When he first began to sell, he
received thirty dollars an acre, but afterwards was
paid as much as $125 an acre. In 1898 he owned 3500
acres of farm land in Merced County, operated by
two tenants, and principally under gram and hay. In
addition he owned the San Felipe ranch of 240 acres
near Gilroy. In 1905 all of his real estate was incor-
porated under the title of the Uriah Wood Company.
In 1885 he erected a beautiful residence in San Jose.
Various enterprises engaged his attention, among
them being the Farmers Union, the Garden City Bank
and the Bank of San Jose. He was one of the
founders of the Bank of Hollister and of the San
Benito County Savings Bank. He was also a stock-
holder in the Salinas City Bank of Salinas, Cal. Was
also a member of the Santa Clara County Pioneer
Association; fraternally was an Odd Fellow, and in
politics gave his influence and vote to Republican
candidates. During 1862 he returned to Illinois and
in Earlville married Miss Phoebe L. Smith, who was
born in Ohio and grew to womanhood in Illinois.
She passed away in 1905, while he died in June 1914.
They were the parents of four sons, Chester W.,
Walter H., Ralph W., and Louis E., all of whom are
successful landowners and agriculturists. Mr. Wood
belonged to that class of pioneers to whom California
owes a debt of gratitude, who gave the best that was
in them to aid in the development of the state and
the expansion of her interests.

^^lOUaJ^ Oio-cytL

HISTORY UF SANTA CL.ARA COUNTY

823

WILLIAM E. SWEATT.— On the pages of Cal-
ifornia pioneer liistory appears the name of Wilhani
E. Sweatt, a native son, born in the citj- of San
Franciseo, August 7, 180^'. His parents, Ceioy and
Abbie J. (Kanson) Sueatt, were natives of Con-
cord, N. H., who migrated to CaHfornia by wa>-
of the Isthmus of Panama in the year 1867, setthng
ni San Francisco. The father was for a number of
vears employed by the Pioneer Planing Mill No 1
as an expert shaper man. A few years later lie
removed his family to Santa . Clara County, when
William E. was se\en years old, where he farmed for
a number of years near San Jose, then for three
vears he engaged m farming in the Santa Crui
Mountains near Saratoga.

W. E. Sweatt received his education in the gram-
mar schools of San Jose, where his father was en-
gaged in the house moving business, and which has
also engaged the attention of the son for thirty-five
vears, as he and his father started together. He
does a general house-moving business, confining his
business now to the Santa Clara Valley. He em-
ploys two men thj year round, although some years
ago he ran five crews. Mr. Sweatt has never mar-
iied. He resides with his mother at 74 North I'if-
teenth Street, who is hale and hearty at the age of
seventy-eight; his father died in the 3^ear 1910. His
political allegiance has ever been given to the Re-
publican party and he is also an active member of
the Builders' Exchange. He takes a good citizen's
part on all iiiattei's calculated to foster and aid in
the advancement of his community.

SIMEON BAKER.— A veteran of the Civil War
and who, at four-score and three, appears as hale
and chipper as if he were only sixty, is Simeon
Baker, a charter member of Dix Post No. 42, G. A.
R., at San Jose, and the junior vice-commander of
that Post. He was born in Sturgis, St. Joseph
County, Mich., on August 28, 1838, the son of James
Baker, who came from Hornell, Steuben County,
X. Y., to Michigan in 1837, and took up a Govern-
rient claim cf a quarter of section of land. He was
a member of a family that went back to at least the
-\merican Revolution. He married Miss Ana Mac-
Intyre. a lady of Scotch descent, who was born in
the United States shortly after her parents migrated
hither from the land of Burns. James Baker, -vvho
died altogether prematurely of pneumonia, was a
seventh son, as was his son, Simeon Baker.

Simeon grew up in a pioneer's home two miles
from the schoolhouse, and had to walk each day to
and fro from school; so it is not surprising that he
had the advantages of schooling only in the winter
time, and had to prolong his ordinary studies until
lie was nineteen years old. He largely educated
himself, and then, having received a certificate in
Indiana, he spent a season teaching school. After
the death of James Baker, his widow remarried, be-
coming the wife of Andrew Kilberry, and moved
with her family to La Grange County, Ind., where
she lived to be eighty-two years old; and it was in
that vicinity that Simeon taught school.

When twenty years of age, our subject came across
the great plains, having joined an immigrant train
of people from his home neighborhood made up at
.VIorris, 111, starting with a yoke of oxen, a prairie
schooner and a yoke of cows, and continued with
them as far as the Missouri River. There the party
decided to break up, some to go to Pike's Peak,

tiien the cause of a gold excitement, to prospect;
while others, including Mr. Baker, preferred to push
on the California. So he sold his outfit to his brother,
(). L. Baker, and joined Jacob McKizzick, who was
driving a herd of 700 cattle across the plains from
the Middle West, and he was hired by Mr. McKiz-
;:ick as a cattle driver and caretaker. However, the
balance of the original party soon changed their
minds, and decided to come on to California; and,
at the summit of the Rockies, the portion of the
|)art\- with which he had been numbered, overtook
Mr. McKizzick's outfit, and Mr. Baker came on to
the Cjolden State with his own people, landing in
Honey Lake Valley, Cal., on his twenty-first birth-
day, 1859, having traveled by way of I'"orts Kearney
and Laramie.

After reaching here, Mr. Baker tried his luck at
placer milling in Shasta County for a while, and
then, in 1860, he went to Virginia City, Nev., and
prospected there, without much success. He then
went to Plumas County, Cal., and farmed a large
acreage; and with his own team, he brought in the
first quartz mill there, for John Ellis and John Bid-
well, transporting it from Chico to Indian Valley.
He stayed there until the fall of 1862, and then he
came to San Jose, near which city he took up farm-
ing, and he continued to follow agricultural pursuits
until he went into the army.

He served in Company C of the Eighth Infantry,
attached to the heavy artillery, from November 24,
1864. There were two companies at Mare Island,
four at Fort Point, and two at Black Point; he was
stationed at Port Point, and received his appoint-
ment of orderly sergeant there. He had charge of
the men mustered into Companies C and D and it
was his duty to equip Company C with 101 men,
and Company D with 100 men. He clothed, fed,
drilled and fitted out the m.en fully for service, or
saw that it was done, and he holds the record of
making only one mistake, involving thirty-eight
cents, the price of one pair of socks, in doing this
extensive and responsible work. He served until
November, 1865, when he received his honorable dis-
charge, after which he made a visit to his home in
Hornell, N. Y., and to La Grange County, Ind.

In 1866, Mr. Baker returned to San Jose, and
then went to Hollister, then in Monterey County.
In the winter of 1868, took up grain farming, and
sold out in the fall of 1872. He next went to Bakers-
field, where he took up 480 acres of Government
land, but he sold out in 1876. From Bakersfield he
ami! tn Owens \''alley, on Bishop Crerlc, near
Ijialiop, and there he stayed one winter. Then he
went to Mono County, and at Lundy he mined; he
was one of the organizers of the Tioga district, and
was its first recorder, and held that position until
the Lundy district took in that of Tioga. This was
after the mines were s(i"nck at Lundy, and the set-
tlement went to Lundy, at which town he remained
for two years, when he sold out his mining interests.

He then returned to San Jose in 1880 and bought
a place of 160 acres near Saratoga; he had range
land and cleaned up some of it, and selling out in
1885 he moved to San Jose, where he engaged in the
livery business and ran a stage to Mt. Hamilton,
sending a bus up there daily. At the end of six
and a half years he sold out, and his health demand-
ing a change of climate and work, he went to Mari-
posa Count\- and prospected. The summers of the

824

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

following ten years he spent in the Yosemite Valley,
while each fall he bought up a herd of turkeys in
Mariposa and Merced counties, and drove them
North, usual]}' from Merced, to the vicinity of
Stockton and Tracy, hnally disposing of them at
Thanksgiving time. In 1908, he returned to San
Jose, and here he has since been retired.

On September 9, 1874, Mr. Baker was married
at Bakersfield to Miss Mattie Lundy, a native of
Cass County, Mich., and the daughter of James and
Elizabeth Lundy, farmer folks who came to Kern
County in early days. Five children blessed this
union. Effie is Mrs. John Brown of Fruitvale, Ala-
meda County; A. Elmo Baker lives at Gilroy; Wil-
liam J. Baker is in a lumber camp in Plumas County;
J. Wiley Baker is in the shipyards at Oakland, and
Alva R. Baker is in Burlingame. Mrs. Brown has
two children, a daughter and a son, and the latter
served his country in the late war, and was
at the naval aviation field, near San Francisco.
Three sons of Mr. and Mrs. Baker, Elmo, William
and Wiley, also saw service in the late war, and
William got as far as France, where he was a
sergeant, and was in charge of German prisoners.
Wiley was detailed to Camp Mills, N. Y. Mr.
Baker is now a member of Sheridan-Dix Post.

ARTHUR J. SNYDER.— A native son of Califor-
nia, who was born, reared and educated in Santa
Clara County is Arthur J. Snyder, the only living son
of the late John Snyder, an early pioneer and a suc-
cessful rancher. Arthur J. was born on the ranch of
his parents near Mountain View, December 11, 1858;
he attended the country schools and in 1880 took a
business course in San Jose, and then assisted his
father in the management of his various tracts of
land. John Snyder, the father, was born in 1828 in
Indiana, the son of Joseph K. Snyder, a native of
Pennsylvania, who had married Miss Sarah Fleming,
born in France. The Snyders settled in Indiana in
1821, but in 1839 removed to Iowa, where their family
of five daughters and three sons were reared and edu-
cated. In 1849 John Snyder joined a party crossing
the plains and first settled where the city of Chico
now stands, and in the fall of 1855 he was married to
Martha Kifer. He became an extensive landowner
and his efforts along agricultural and horticultural
lines greatly increased the quantity of the products
cf the locality. He passed away during August,
1901, a man of noble, useful and upright characteris-
tics. Mr. Snyder passed away in January, 1919, aged
eighty-three. Tlie maternal grandfather was Shelby
H. Kifer, born in Kentucky in 1842. His father,
John Kifer, was a native of Pennsylvania and his
mother of Kentucky. In 1845 the family removed to
Missouri and lived there for eight years. In 1853
they came to California, making the trip overland,
and finally settled in Santa Clara County, where they
purchased a ranch of seventy-five acres, all under cul-
tivation. In 1870 John Kifer married Isabella Smith,
a native of Nova Scotia.

The marriage of Arthur J. Snyder occurred in San
Francisco, September 14, 1887, and united him with
Miss Lenora A. Davidson, a daughter of Alonzo
Davidson, born in Nova Scotia, a pioneer of San
Francisco, engaged in the dairy business, but now
dead. The mother, Mrs. Lizzie (Ruffley) Davidson,
born in England, is still living at the old home place
on Eureka Street, San Francisco. Of their six chil-

dren four are living, Mrs. Snyder being the second
oldest. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder are the parents of three
children; Alonzo J., who is engaged in business in San
Jose; Elizabeth E. is the wife of Major D. W.
Forbes, D. D. S., of the U. S. Army, and they have
two children — William and Donna; Arthur D.
died when but eight years old. Arthur J. Snyder
sold his ranch below Mountain View to take charge
of his mother's place on Permanente Creek until her
death, wdien witli his sisters, Mrs. Foss and Mrs.
Kendall, he was appointed executor of the estate and
in 1920 disposed of 700 acres in the Fremont town-
ship to Archbishop Hanna on which will be erected
a Catholic seminar}'. Alonzo J. served in the late
war in Company H, Three Hundred Sixty-third In-
fantry, and was in the following battles, Ypres, Lys,
St. Mihiel, Meuse and Argonne, being at the latter
place nine days, five of which he was without food.
He was one of the boys to go over the top on that
memorable day, September 15, 1918. Arthur J. Snyder
owns an eighty-acre ranch one mile north of Moun-
tain View on the Sterling Road. (Since this biog-
raphy was written, Mr. Snyder passed away, March
29, 1922, mourned by his family and many friends.)

HENRY A. RENGSTORFF.— Following in his
father's footsteps, Henry A. Rengstorff is well and
favorably known throughout Santa Clara County
and stands for the best interests politically, socially
and religiously. He owns and operates a 195-acre
ranch located on the Charleston Road near Moun-
tain View and devotes most of his time to the cul-
tivation and improvement of this ranch. Born No-
vember 27, 1867, on the home ranch of his parents,
he was educated in the public schools of the Whis-
man district, and later attended the California Mili-
tary Academy at Oakland. His father, Henry Reng-
storff, married Miss Christine F. Hessler, both na-
tives of Germany, the father coming to California as
a single man in 1850. He came to Santa Clara
County from San Francisco in 1851 and worked on
farms, saved his money and in a few years acquired
large tracts of land. There were seven children in
the family, of whom Henry, the subject of this
sketch, is the si-xth. The father passed away in 1906
and the mother in 1919. After finishing school,
Henry was called upon to assist his father in the
management of his different farms and assumed re-
sponsibility and management of the warehouses at
Rengstorff's Landing, and for sixteen years was
steadily on the job, doing a large volume of busi-
ness in Ijuying, selling and shipping hay and grain.
In 1915 he built his fine, modern bungalow on the
home place, which consists of 195 acres three and
one-half miles northwest of Mountain View on the
Charleston Road.

Mr. Rengstorfif's marriage united him with Miss
Nellie S. Baker of San Jose, formerly a teacher in
the public schools at Mountain View. She comes
from a distinguished pioneer family. Her mother,
now eighty-six years of age, crossed the plains with
her parents in 1847, when eleven years old. They
were bound for California, but meeting a person
who told them of the fate of the Donner party, they
despaired of getting through to California, so
changed their course and went to Oregon instead.
Mrs. Baker is living with Mr. and Mrs. Rengstorff,
and is one of the oldest of the people, now living,
who crossed the plains to the Pacific Coast. Mr.
Rengstorff is a stockholder and director in the

HISTORY OF SANT.V C L:\RA COUNTY

825

Farmers and Merchants Bank of Mountain View.
Mr. and Mrs. Rengstorff arc both actively interested
HI the Christian Science Church of Mountain \ie\v,
she being the first reader and he the second. Tlie>'
have been adherents of tliis faith since 1911 and are
both prominent in the affairs of lliat movement.
They move in the best circles, and have many
friends. Mr. Rengstorff gives his support to the
Republican party. He is a thirty-second degree
Mason, and is past master of the Blue Lodge at
Mountain \'ie\v. I\Ir. and Mrs. Rengstorff are mem-
bers of Mira Monte Chapter O. E. S. at Mountain
View, and Mr. Rengstort? is also a member of Islam
Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of San Francisco.

LAURENCE G. RANDALL.— Popularly and
widely known. Laurence G. Randall, the manufa.c-
'urcr of fine candies, frozen puddings and ice creams
at Mountain N'iew, enjoys the patronage not only
of his own town and immediate vicinity, but also of
other parts of Santa Clara County, where connois-
seurs are willing to journey some distance in order
to get the verj' best. This enviable reputation, the
result of honest dealing and clever, progressive en-
terprise, has enabled Mr. Randall to build up a
wholesale trade of large volume.

A native son, !Mr. Randall was born in San Fran-
cisco on May 9, 1S92, the son of William J. Randall,
who had been born on the boundary line of Califor-
nia and Nevada. Grandfather William E. Randall
was a '49er, of Scotch origin, and came out to the
gold coast from the East. William J. Randall was
a well-known newspaper man, and had the largest
"Call" route iu the Bay City, running from Larkin
Street and the City Hall to the Beach. He married
Miss Abbie L. Perham, and both died in 1909, within
nine months of each other. They had three children,
and two have grown up to maturity. William Edgar
Randall is the noted cartoonist on the New York
Dramatic Mirror; he was injured in an automobile
accident in San Diego, and since then he has drawn
his cartoons left-handed.

Laurence Randall was in the upper grade of the
grammar school in San Francisco when his parents
died, but he managed to enjoy the benefits of three
and one-half years in the high school after that,
when he started out into the world and entered the
confectionery trade, at which he served a regular
apprenticeship at Selby O'Brien's, and with other
leading confectioners. He learned the business thor-
oughly and for five years worked at Venice, Cal.
Then, in 1919, he came to Mountain View and
bought out Lovejoy's Candy Store; and with his
long experience at V^enice, and two years in San
Diego, in the service of Barbour Brothers, he had no
difficulty from the first to get the interested atten-
tion and satisfaction of the Mountain View public,
the people of this locality being especially loyal in
supporting home industries. "Randall's" has be-
come famous for its luncheon menus, its ice creams,
its fancy specials, and its varied thirst-quenching
suggestions. The store has one of the best-main-
tained soda fountains in California, and a most at-
tractive ice cream parlor.

Mr. Randall's mother was of English origin, by
v.-ay of an early New England family, some of whom
served with the Green Mountain boys in the Revo-
lutionary War; and she was born in New Hanip-
shire and educated in Vermont. They were Unitar-
ians, noted for th;ir altruistic, intellectual interest in

society, and our subject has iydierilcd then- com-
mendable traits, with the nalur.al result th.-it he makes
and holds friends. lie i.s a member of the Native
Sons of the (Jolden West, and is president of the
AlouLilain \'iew P.irlor, one of the hveliest [)arlors in
the stale, having recently initiated thirty-two mem-
bers at one meeting. He also belongs to the Elks.
He was married at San Diego to Miss Helen Mc-
Dougall, a daughter of John McDougall, the pro-
prietor of the Del Monte Restaurant at Mountain
\iew; and they have two children, Lri.urence, aged
.-i-x, and Jack, «lio is three j-ears old.

GEORGE P. BURKETT.— One of the represen-
tative citizens of San Jose who has the distinction of
being the president of the largest truck and storage
inisiness in the county of Santa Clara is George P.
Burkett, who began at the bottom and worked up
trom an employee to be the owner and manager of
jiis own business. He \vas also counted among the
prominent ranchers of his neighborhood for some
time, during the ten years that he was engaged in
raismg stock near San Felipe. He was born in
North Carolina, at Jefferson, Ashe County, in April,
1856, and was the son of Daniel and Nancy (John-
ston) Burkett. His father was a planter of North
Carolina, who lived his entire life of one hundred
years and eight months m that state, dying in 1919.

George had only the opportunity of attending the
common school of Jet^erson, N. C. In 1879, he left
his native state and went to Pueblo, Colo., and here
worked for the Pueblo Transfer Company a short
time and then he engaged in farming there, raising
grain and some stock. In 1883, he came to Cali-
fornia and settling in Santa Cruz, worked first for
the Daniels Transfer Company, which at that time
^\as located where the St. George Hotel now stands.
On January 1, 1889, he came to San Jose and en-
gaged in the transfer business for a number of years
in partnership with his brother-in-law, S. F. Mikel,
who later sold out his interest, and in 1891 Mr.
Burkett organized the San Jose Transfer Company,
Inc., of which he was made president. In the early
years of the company, horses were used and at one
time the company owned a hundred head of horses
and had their own corral and also were the owners
of their warehouses. Now instead of using horses,
they have about twelve trucks, ranging from one to
five-ton capacity. The San Jose Transfer Company
handles a great deal of transfer business through the
difTerent forwarding companies of the Bay Cities,
shipping goods to all parts of the United States. In
connection with his transfer business Mr. Burkett
ran a stock farna near San F^elipe for about ten
years, where he had an average of 100 head of cat-
tle and leased over 800 acres of land. His transfer
business had grown to such an extent that so much
of his time had to be given to it that in 1914 he
discontinued ranching and confined his entire at-
tention to his other enterprise.

Mr. Burkett's marriage, which occurred at Jeffer-
son, N. C, in the year of 1878. united him with Miss
Isabel Mikel, who w-as born in Jeft'erson. N. C, and
was the daughter of M. L. and Nancy (King) Mikel.
Mrs. Burkett's father was connected with a cotton
mill in the South. Mr. and Mrs. Burkett are the
parents of three children: Edgar is married and is
now residing in San Jose; Katheryn lives at home,
and Fannie became the wife of Cyril Odelin and
they also make their home at San Jose. Mr. Burkett

826

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

is a iiopvilar meniljor of Crardcn City Lodge I. O. O.
I', of San Jose, aiul has passed all the chairs, and
is a memher of the Kncanipnient ; he is also a Mason,
a charter member of l'"raternity Lodge No. 399, F.
l1- a. M., and of the Scottish Rite bodies. In
national politics, lie is a Democrat, but is always
ready to sanction good men and good measures
reg;irdlcss of party lines.

DARWIN J. SOPER— For more than two score
A'ears, Darwiii J. Soper has been identified with the
county of Santa Clara, locating in San Jose during
the year of 1880. He first was employed in the
wagon building business for a number of years, later
purchasing land and engaging as an orchardist until
1903, when lie disposed of his ranch, retired from
active business life and has since made his home in
San Jose. Mr. Soper was born on May I, 184L in
Wayne Count>', Init reared in Niagara County, N. Y.,
and was the son of Jeremiah and Amelia (Wheeler)
Soper, both natives of New York; the father was a
mechanic and a blacksmith by trade and a good one.

With the school a mile and a half away, Mr.
Solder's education was obtained only by a struggle
and as the educational methods of that early day
were crude, he had to work hard for the educa-
lional privileges which he did receive. He lived and
worked at home until the war broke out when he
enlisted in August. 1862, entering Company F, One
Hundred Fifty-first New York Infantry, and was
under Captam Wilson and Colonel Emerson. There
were onlv eighty-eight men in his company, but
they went through some of the worst battles of the
war and their numbers were decreased to such an
extent that there were not enough men left to form
a company and so it was later merged into Company
C'. He ser\-ed in the Army of the Potomac under
Ceneral Meade and in all these battles came through
safely. He sustained a wound m the liattle of the
AVilderness, whicli, however, did not prove serious.
After the battle of Weldon Railroad, Mr. Soper was
detached an.d sent to Baltimore and I'rederick City
anil was in the Fast to meet General Early's army
which was marching on Washington. Later at that
dramatic moment, when Gen. Robert E. Lee sur-
n-ndered to (",eneral Grant, Mr. Soper was directly
in front of General Lee. In June, 18Ci5, he was dis-
charged in Rochester, N. ^'., and then returned to
New \'ork. Then he farmed for four years, and
Avhen he disposed of his holdings and went to car-
riage building and wagon making at Newfane, N. \ .
He remained there but for a short time, however,
,-ind disposing of his business and went to Alpena,
Mich., and followed his trade at this place for a
number of \-ears. In the year 1880, Mr. Soper came
to California and settled in San Jose, where he again
followed his trade, and worked for four years as fore-
man at the bench and four years of the shop for the
San Jose Agricultural Works. He had purchased an
orchard of ten acres in the Willows in 1883, and in
1888 he gave up his trade for this new undertaking.
He kept adding to his acreage until he owned in all,
fifty-five acres of the very l)est fruit land which he
set out to prunes, peaches and apricots. He had one
ranch at Campbell, Cal., and one at I-'ayne, Cal. In
1903, he sold the ranches and came to San Jose
where he retired from active business life.

Mr. Soper has been married three times and had
children bv each wife, four of them now living:
Frank D. of Oakland; George H. of San Jose; Millie

Parselle of San Francisco, and Daisy, the wife of
Wm. R. Breyfogle of Madera. Mr. Soper is a Re-
publican in politics and in Michigan was one of the
tcwnship supervisors of Long Rapids township and
■>vas one of the highway commissioners; he was also
very active as a school trustee and in general was a
very public-spirited man. Mr. Soper has also been
prominent in the Sheridan-Dix Post No. 7, G. A. R.,
having served as commander in 1893.

DR. JAMES A. CUTTING.— A physician of
broad and comprehensive training who has devoted
his time and talents to the study of mental diseases
and who stands high in the field of psychiatry, is Dr.
James A. Cutting, assisting physician at the State
Hospital for the Insane at Agnew. The medical
stafl^ of this institution consists of Dr. Stocking, head
physician. Dr. Mullen, Dr. Cutting. Dr. Whismau
and Dr. Stevenson, all of high standing in this par-
ticular field of therapeutics. A man of brilliant mind.
Dr. Cutting has a thorough knowledge of medicine
and surger\', and his kind and considerate disposition,
his long experience and his scrupulous attention to
sanitation and the kind and proper treatment of in-
sane patients render his services here very valuable.
There are now 1739 patients at the hospital, 959 be-
ing men and 780, women.

Dr. Cutting was born at Riceville, Iowa, October
4, 1883, the son of Charles D. and Anna (Bourne)
Cutting, both parents belonging to old Eastern fam-
ilies, the father born in New Hampshire, while Mrs.
Cutting is a native of Massachusetts. For many
years the}- farmed in Iowa, later settling on a ranch
at Campbell, Cal.. and they are now residing there,
retired from active business cares. Five sons were
born to these worthy parents: Prof. Theodore A.
Cutting of the Los Gatos high school; Will Cutting,
a rancher at Campbell; Frank Cutting of Pacific
Grove; Carl Cutting, a rancher at Campbell, and Dr.
Cutting, of this sketch. The latter was nine years
old when he came with his parents to California and
here he grew up on a ranch at Campbell, graduating
from the Hamilton grammar school at Campbell.
He attendefl the Santa Clara high school for one
\-ear. and wdien the Campbell high school was
opened, he took the remainder of his course there,
graduating in 1902.

Entering Stanford University, he pursued the clas-
sical course, graduating in 1906 with the A. B. de-
gree, and continued there for a post-graduate course
in physiology and anatomy. He then matriculated
at Cooper Aledical College at San Francisco, now
a part of Stanford LIniversity, and completed the
medical course with the class of 1911. The next two
years he spent as an interne at the Lane Hospital in
San Francisco, and in 1913 he came to the State
Hospital at Agnew, entering upon his duties as as-
sisting physician on July 15, of that year, so that he
is now one of the oldest physicians, in point of ser-
vice at this institution. In September, 1921, Dr.
Cutting was added to the faculty of the Medical De-
Ijartment of Stanford University, as instructor m
l)sychiatry. He lectures there every Monday and is
a valuable acquisition to that great institution.

On March 16. 1914. at San Jose, Dr. Cutting was
married to Dr. Margaret \\'hite, who is also a gradu-
ate physician and a specialist in mental diseases.
She was born in Kentucky but was reared in Oak-
land, Cal., and in 1909 she graduated from the Med-

HISTORY OF v^AN'IW OI.AKA COUNTY

827

ical Department of the LIniversity of (.'aliforiiia. She
was appointed as assisting physieian at the State
Hospital at Agnew and was a niemUer of the medical
staff when Dr. Cutting took up his ihities there.
Dr. and Mrs. Cutting are the parents of two chil-
dren, Arthur Graliam and Uarbara Ann. He is a
member of the American Medical Association and
the State and County Medical societies, and while
at Cooper Medical College was a member of the
rhi Beta Phi fraternity.

NEIL CARMICHAEL.— Probably one of the best
known and most expert millmen of Santa Clar.i
County is Neil Carmichael, who lives on his twenty-
one acre orchard home, beautifully situated on the
Mountain \"iew Road, just north of Saratoga, and
one of the finest properties in the count_\-. .\ nati\e
ot Bruce County, Ontario, Neil Carmichael was horn
near Port Elgin, September 20, 1861, the son of Don-
ald and Anna (McKinnon) Carmichael, l)Oth natives
of the Island of Mull, Scotland. They were married
in Toronto, Canada, and were farmers in Bruce
County until the\' passed away. Nine of their thir-
teen children grew up, of whom Neil is the seventh.

Neil Carmichael attended school until he was nine
years of age when he was obliged to lea"\'e and helji
his father on the farm. This be did until he ^vas
seventeen. He then left home and went to the pin-
eries of Tawas City. Mich., where he followed lo,g-
ging for two years: then hack to his nati\e country
for two years and in 1881 came to California, locat-
ing in Santa Cruz County, where his brother Daniel
had been logging and sawmilling since 1874 He
worked in sawmills and became an able and expert
man in handling the big bull teams on the skid roads,
getting the logs to the mills, a very hazardous job
and fraught with much danger. In 1884, \'\ith his
brother Daniel he operated a mill for a >ear and then
for four years operated one above belton, when the
two brothers, w-ith Thomas B. Hubbard, formed a
partnership to manufacture lumber, building their
first saw mill on Oil Creek; subsequently moving five
different times until they had cut the lumber from
about 2,000 acres; then there being no more acces-
sible timber, the\' quit manufacturing. Meantime,
about 1890, Hubbard &: Carmichael Bros, had estab-
lished a planing mill and lumber yard in San Jose,
where their lumber was hauled by big teams and
the business grew to large proportions. During the
time they operated their mills they cut over 125,000.-

000 feet of lumber. They still own about 2000 acres
of land lying in Santa Cruz, Santa Clara and San
Mateo counties. They also own 439 acres of alfalfa
at Newman, Stanislaus County, where they ran a
dairy of 500 cows until they sold the stock and now
engage in raising alfalfa hay, which is shipped to dif-
ferent markets. Mr. Carmichael is still interested as

01 yore in Hubbard e^ Carmichael Bros. Company,
their large business and mill on West Santa Clara
Street being a busy and active place. However, he
now devotes his time to orcharding, for on shutting
down the mill he moved to Saratoga with his famdy,
where in 1913 he purchased the t\vent}-one acres of
land, his present home, devoted to prunes and apri-
cots and the following year built his beautiful and
commodious house and continued to make improve-
ments until it is one of the show places of the vallc>'.
He also owns business property in Saratoga.

I he mar; iage of Mr. (.'.irinicbaid occurred at Sa-
hnas and united him with Miss Hell Storts, born in
Nebraska, hut reared near Bouldi'r Creek. h'ive
cbildri'u have blessed this union: Annie, now Mrs,
Leslie Cux ol Saratoga; Mary Bell in San Jose high
school; Neil D., Lilly and Thos. B., at home. Mr.
(,';n-nnchael endorses the platform of the Republican
part\'. I'raternally he is an (Jdd h'ellow and he and
his family arc I'resbytcrians. He is a member of the
Saratoga Improvement Association and the Men's
Club. Air. Carmichael is a self-made man, proud of
the success he has attained through honest efi:ort,
and belie\'es m progress, doing all he can to build
up the county of his adoption. He and his generous
and accomplished \vife are greatly esteemed b}- all of
tiieir friends and acquaintances and from their beau-
tiful home they enjoy dispensing the old-time Cali-
fornia hospitality.

JAMES M. REYNOLDS,— Among those who
came to California after having attained success in
'.he East and are now living retired in the city of
San Jose, 'S James ]\I. Reynolds, who was a rancher
fluring the early days in Iowa, where he had been a
resident for many years. He is a native of Ohio,
laving been born in Adams County, near Sinking
Springs on March 18, 1841, and was the son of
John D. and I'anme (West) Reynolds, both families
being old residents of Providence, R. I. Mr. and
Mrs. John Reynolds came to (3hio when they were
young people where he was a log hewer and builder,
having built many homes there in the early days,
.and he was also engaged in farming.

When ten years old, James moved with his par-
ents to \\'arren County, III., and settled near Mon-
mouth, 111., where he went to school during the winter
months and as a farmer boy, worked on the farm in
the summertime. He was one of a family of seven
children and being the third child, a great deal of
ihe work fell upon his young shoulders. Only three
of this family are now' living, a brother, Joseph, is
living in Santa Clara County, and a sister, Mrs.
Jennie Brooks, is living in Hardin County, Iowa.
James lived at home and helped his father with the
work up to the time he joined the Union Army.
He volunteered his services at the first tap of the
drum and was mustered into service in May, 1861,
at Peoria, 111., in Company I, of the Seventeenth
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Captain Bruing-
ton and Colonel Ross, who were under General
Cirant. He was for a month at Peoria and before
leaving this city the whole regiment was mustered
in for a period of three years. They went to Alton,
111., for a short lime and then to Iron Mountain,
Mo. Going down the Mississippi River, they spent
the winter at Cape Girardeau, later going to Fort
Henry, Tenn., a short time after that fort had been
taken by General Grant. He participated in the seige
of Fort Donclson and was then moved on to Shiloh,
where they were engaged in the battle of Shiloh,
and then to V'icksburg Landing, where he became
very ill and was discharged. He remained home for
a while, and whe.i well enough began farming and
also establishing family ties. In spite of this, having
entirely recovered, he again enlisted, this time in
Company I, Second Illinois Light Artillery, and
served with Sherman on the noted March to the
Sea, In North Carolina, he served to the close of
the war, when General Lee surrendered, and was
then sent to Washington to turn over the cannons,

828

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

guns and ammunition; he was mustered out in
Springfield, 111., on June 16, 1865. After the war,
Mr. Reynolds and his wife went to Iowa and in
1868 settled in Grundy County, Iowa, near Grundy
Center, where he engaged in farming until 1910,
when he disposed of his farm, having then 200 acres,
and came to Healdsburg, Cal., where he lived for
two years. In 1912, he came to San Jose and here
he has made his home since that time, the family
residence being at 393 South Fifth.

On October 8, 1864, in Grundy County, 111., near
Morris, occurred the marriage of Mr. Reynolds,
v.-hich united him with Miss Emma G. Thayer, a
native of Ohio. They were married just before Mr.
Reynolds enlisted in the defense of his country the
second time. Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds became the
parents of five children: Jessie is the wife of David
Lennox and they reside at Marshalltown, Iowa, the
parents of four children, Fannie, Edgar David,
George and Grace; George is the father of one child.
Glen; Rose R. became Mrs. Porter and is living at
393 South Fifth Street, in San Jose, and is the
mother of a son, Robert; Elmer is living in Canton,
Ohio, and is foreman of the Pennsylvania and Erie
Railroad Shops in that city; John D. is living at
Richmond, \'a., and is engaged as manager of the
American Locomotive Works at that city. Mr.
Reynolds was bereaved of his devoted wife and
helpmate when she passed away in the year 1918, at
,San Jose, leaving many warm friends who feel the
loss of her kindly, generous spirit. Mr. Reynolds is
a popular member of Sheridan-Dix Post G. A. R, of
San Jose. In national politics, he is a stanch
adherent to the Republican party.

CHARLES E. STRICKLAND.— A varied and in-
teresting career has been that of Charles E. Strick-
land, descended from an early pioneer of the state,
and one whose efforts have contributed no little
success to the development of California. A native
'^f Halifax, Nova Scotia, Mr. Strickland was born
July 18, 1845, a son of William and Julia (Hucm)
Strickland, both natives of Nova Scotia. When but
an infant of six weeks, his family removed to Boston,
Mass. William Strickland was the captain of his
own ship, and as early as 1848 sailed around the
Horn to San Francisco, the voyage consuming a
year. LTpon arrival in the Golden State, in 1849, his
crew deserted the vessel and rushed to the mining
district of California. However, this was only the be-
ginning of his misfortune. While his ship lay at
anchor in the bay, in charge of the first mate, the
vessel caught fire and was completely destroyed.
Discouraged by this severe loss, he engaged in the
gold mining and was thus engaged for three years.
In the meantime his family was anxiously awaiting
news from him in Eioston. He was rewarded for his
energy and industry, and like many others of the
early prospectors, became quite wealthy. Being anx-
ious to return to his family in Boston, he accepted
the captaincy of a ship bound for New York. LTpon
arrival there, he purchased another ship, intending to
bring his family to California. All preparation was
made, and the day arrived for leaving, the family
happy in the reunion and delighted with the antici-
pation of their future home in California. When out
from Boston about six weeks, they encountered a
severe storm, and their vessel was so severely dam-
aged that it was completely dismantled, but they con-
sidered themselves very fortunate in saving their

lives. A temporary set of sails was improvised, and
they were able to return to New York. Upon arrival
there, the ship was dry-docked, where it remained
for six months undergoing a complete renovation.
With undaunted spirit, plans were again formulated
for the journey to California, but on the eve of de-
parture, he thought it best to make the trip alone to
San Francisco, dispose of his cargo and vessel and
return to New York, and take his family on a reg-
ular liner. This his family agreed to, and the father
started on his long voyage alone. Everything was
auspicious, until just after rounding the Horn, the
vessel was caught in a terrific storm. Those on
board were quickly loaded into a lifeboat, but it is
supposed it was too heavily loaded, and it was sunk
in the terrilile storm. However, the first mate and a
sailor cast off in a small rowboat, and succeeded in
reaching shore. .A.fter the news of his death reached
his family, they removed from their home in Boston
to Hastings on the Hudson, and here Charles E.
Strickland attended school. In the year of 1858
Mrs. Strickland married Samuel AYinton, and the
family moved to Michigan, where Mr. Winton pur-
chased eighty acres in Calhoun County.

Charles E. Strickland remained on the farm until
he was eighteen and helped his stepfather on the
farm. In the summer of 1863 he entered the service
of his country, enlisting in Company A of the First
Michigan Engineers, under Captain Williamson,
Colonel Innes and General Thomas commanding.
Mr. Strickland went through the Atlantic campaign
with General Thomas' forces, and upon completion
of this campaign, was transferred to General Sher-
man's army, and was in the famous "March to the
Sea." He remained in North Carolina until the ter-
mination of the war, whereupon, he was required to
report to General Thomas at Nashville, Tenn., and
was then sent to Jackson, Mich., where he was dis-
charged November 14, 1865. He saw much hard
fighting during his career as a soldier, at Mission
Ridge, Big Shanty, the siege of Savannah, Ga., and
at Bentonville, besides many skirmishes. Upon re-
turning to civil life, he established his own contracting
and building business.

The marriage of Mr. Strickland occurred Novem-
ber 14, 1868, at Athens, Mich., which united him
with Miss Sarah Cullen, who was born, reared and
educated there. She was the daughter of Mathew
and Mary (Ciller) Cullen, farmers, of Athens. In
1890, Mr. Strickland came with his family to Tulare
County, where he conducted his contracting business
for a number of years; later removed to San Luis
Obispo, and here spent sixteen years in his chosen
occupation. Many of the finest homes and business
blocks attest his ability as a builder. Then transfer-
ring his contracting business to Oakland, he re-
mained there until 1910, when, feeling the desire for
a more quiet existence, he selected the beautiful Santa
Clara Valley, as the place to spend his remaining
days. One son, Erve C, was born to Mr. and Mrs.
Strickland, and he is at the present time proprietor
of the Temple Laundry. He early exhibited a talent
for music, Ijccoming a fine performer on the cornet
when but sixteen years old. Locating in Topeka,
he was made director of the Topeka City Band,
remaining in this capacity for a number of years.
Returning home for a visit with his parents at the
outbreak of the Spanish-American War, and while
visiting in San Francisco with his father, they

&) a.^^t<££' ' ^ ^a^v^^^t^c^-^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

831

accidentally ran across his old Topcka Band,
who were then with the Twentieth Kansas Regi-
mental Band, and within ten minutes after ar-
riving at the recruiting office in San Fran-
cisco, he had enlisted in the service of his coun-
try as a musician, with his old Kansas friends. Later
he became the director of this band, and went to the
Philippines with them.

Mr. Strickland is an honored member of the
Sheridan-Dix Post No. 7, G. .V. R., and occupied the
position of commander in 1916, and is at present
quartermaster sergeant of this post. Fraternally, he
is connected wdth the San Luis Obispo Knights of
Pythias and the Elks, the Odd Fellows, in j\Iichigan.

DANIEL CARMICHAEL.— A man, who by in-
dustry and perseverance has won for himself a
prominent place in the community, is Daniel Car-
michael, successful as an orchardist and as a busi-
ness associate of his brother Neil, and T. B, Hub-
bard in the sawmill and lumber business in San Jose.
Mr. Carmichael was born near Port Elgin, Bruce
County, Ontario, December 29, 1852, and is the eldest
son of Donald and Anna (AfcKinnon) Carmichael,
natives of the Island of >.rull, Scotland, a verv old
family there on both sides, where the father was a
farmer. The Carmichael and McKinnon families in
Scotland were natural mechanics and could make
implements and tools. Both parents passed away
at their home in Canada.

Daniel attended the public schools in Canada, but
the school of experience proved of more real value
to him than the little schooling he was able to get.
Being the eldest of the family, the responsibility of
assisting with the rearing of the other children bore
heavily upon him. In 1874. with his brother Dun-
can, now in British Columbia, and a friend named
Mr. Shell, came to Denver, Colo., intending to go
into the mines, but they encountered severe weather
and concluded to come on to California, where the
Carmichaels had two cousins, Duncan and Anthony
MeKinnon, living near Salinas. From San Fran-
cisco they took a boat to Monterey and then went
on foot to Salinas. flaking their waj- to Santa
Cruz they arrived at the Soquel Mill at about sup-
pertime. They experienced some difficulty in secur-
ing a meal, finally assuring the foreman they had
money and would pay, after which they were asked
to stay, as the woods boss would be down that night
and they wished them to work. The difficult experi-
ence of obtaining supper nettled Mr. Carmichael and
he determined, if he ever owned a sawmill (and in
the same breath he resolved that he would, some
day) he would always give a man a meal at his
camp and later when he was at the head of the Hub-
bard & Carmichael mill his orders were to give any-
one something to eat who came at meal time. He
worked at the Soquel Mill for seven months, then
went back to Salinas for the winter and worked for
Mr. Lynn and this same experience he had each year
for nine winters, thus had the pleasure of each year
having Christmas dinner with Mr. Lynn. Summers
he continued to work at different mills, having many
hard and exciting experiences and became an experi-
enced woodsman and particularly as a swamper and
manager of men. In 1884, with his brother Neil, he
operated a sawmill on Ben Lomond Creek; then the
next four years they ran a mill above Felton for

the Union Lumber Mill & Lumber Company of
Santa Cruz. In 1889, Daniel and Neil Carmichael en-
tered into partnership with Thomas B. Hubbard,
who had sold his interest in the Union Lumber Mill
tv Lumber Company, and they started a sawmill on
Oil Crick. Santa Cruz County and in time started
a lumber yard and planing mill in San Jose, doing
business ;is Hubbard & Carmichael Bros. The lum-
lier was hauled to San Jose, using seven four-horse
teams for the purpose. They raised short horn Dur-
ham cattle and draft horses on their range; their
horse, as well as their bull teams were supplied from
the stock they raised and were the best procurable,
and their bull teams were considered the best and
finest seen in any logging camp. Thus with Daniel
Carmichael in charge of swamping and Neil Car-
michael as master ox driver, there were plenty of
logs at the mill and the teams were kept busy haul-
ing the lumber to San Jose. They moved their mill
four different times and after milling for thirty-seven
years, taking the lumber from over 2,000 acres, there
was no more accessible lumber, so they shut down
and discontinued manufacturing, but continued in
the planing mill and lumber business in San Jose,
and Mr. Carmichael is still a director and vice-presi-
dent in the Hubbard & Carmichael Bros. Company.
Their succes,-. was due to their close application to
their business. There was no work in the mill or
woods they could not do theinselves and usually
better than anyone else. When they discovered a
capable man, they kept him and when they quit they
had men who had w^orked for them for thirty-seven
years. Hubbard & Carmichael Bros. Company have
a splendid alfalfa ranch of 439 acres near Newman
where for many years they ran a dairy of 400 cows
and had 750 head of cattle. When the mill was
shut down eleven years ago, the brothers came to
Saratoga and engaged in orcharding. Daniel Car-
michael had his residence on Main Street, Sara-
toga, and owned an orchard of thirty-two acres at
Milliken's Corners, but he sold it in 1920 and bought
the present orchard of twenty-two acres on the
Mountain View Road, adjoining Saratoga, where he
now resides. He has become a successful orchardist,
no doubt due to the fact that as a boy back on the
farm in Canada, he was taught how to make things
grow not only by cultivation, but by enriching the
soil. Still active, he cares for the trees, and his or-
chard is one of the finest in the valley.

Mr, Carmichael was married at Santa Cruz Sep-
tember 1, 1898, to Miss Tilly Lyman, born in Santa
Clara County, a daughter of Serena B. and Mathilda
( Miller) Lyman, natives of ^Missouri, who crossed the
plains, locating in Santa Clara County, and afterwards
had a large ranch in the Santa Cruz Mountains, where
they spent their last days. Of their five children,
Tilly is the eldest and was educated in the public
schools of Saratoga. Mr. and Mrs. Carmichael's un-
ion has been blessed with three children; Flora Bell
is a graduate of the San Jose State Normal School
and is now teaching at HoUister; Agnes Mathilda
is a graduate of Heald's Business College, San Jose,
and is bookkeeper for the American Can Com-
pany in that city; Duncan Donald assists his father
on the ranch. Mr. Carmichael is a Presbyterian in
religion. He has a good memory and a fund of
stories of his experiences in lumbering in the Santa
Cruz Mountains and is able to narrate them in-

832

HISTORY OF vSANTA CLARA COUNTY

tcrcstingly, so that it is a pleasure to converse with
him. He is an enthusiast over the possibiHties of
the beautiful Santa Clara Valley and uses his ef-
forts in behalf of all progressive measures.

GEORGE WARREN HANSON.— On a well-im-
proved property of five acres in the vicinity of San
Jose, resides George W. Hanson, a highly respected
and well-known citizen of the county, who has lived
m Santa Clara County for over forty years. He
was born in Strafford County, N. H., June 22, 1841,
the fourth son of a family of eight children, a son
of Aaron and Deborah (Hall) Hanson. The father,
who died in December, 1861, was one of three broth-
ers who came to America from England, one set-
tling in \'ermont, one in Maine and Aaron in New
Hampshire, all following farming pursuits. George
W. helped his father with the farm work until the
outbreak of the Civil War. In August, 1862, George
VV. enlisted in Company P^, Thirteenth Nevi' Hamp-
shire Infantry, serving under General Burnside in
the Army of the Potomac and on December 11-12
of the same year, he was in the battle of Frcdcricks-
bur,g, Va. In the Spring of '63 he was transferred
from the army to the navy, serving, for a time, on
the frigate Minnesota; later on the gunboat Flor-
ida and still later on the gunboat Quaker City. He
was in the siege of Fort Fischer, North Carolina,
and for a long time was in the service of running
down and capturing blockade runners. These prizes
of war ^vere sold and his share amounted to $800.
In 1865 he was discharged at Philadelphia, Pa,,
and returned to his home in New Hampshire, en-
gaging in farming until 1866, when he removed to
Minneapolis and worked at market gardening. He
gave up this work and accepted a position in a
grocery store, working for two years, and then
went out with the first surveying parties for the
Northern Pacific, running the lines from St. Cloud
to Red River. He then returned to Minneapolis
and bought out one of the partners where he had
worked and continued in the grocery business for
two years, then disposed of his share and removed
to California in 1875, settling in San Jose.

On December 10, 1868, in Minneapolis, he was
imited in marriage with Miss Martha A. Keesling,
a native of Indiana, a daughter of Thomas and Eliza-
beth (Hasty) Keesling. Her father was engaged in
farming in Indiana, but removed to Lake Minnc-
tonka, Minn., and was for years engaged in the
mercantile business. Soon after settling in San Jose,
Mr. Hanson became a cement contractor, doing
work for the city and the state, also general con-
tracting, being thus engaged for twenty years, doing
work in Watsonville, Hollister and as far south
as San . Diego, in all of these places putting in the
very first cement work in them. He laid the cement
walks about the Normal School buildings and did
considerable work at the Agnew State Hospital. He
invested his earnings in real estate, a ranch on Eee
Avenue of ten acres; one near Campbell of fifteen
acres, and one at Mountain View of fifteen acres,
all fruit land. Reverses came in 1893, his farm-
ing projects were a failure, but the worst misfor-
tune which befell him was the loss of his health.
He had been receiving a pension from the gov-
ernment of eight dollars per month, but during
President Cleveland's administration Mr. Hanson's
pension, together with several others, was discon-

tinued, and for two years, he was in straitened
circumstances. The pension was finally re-estab-
lished, but was reduced from $8 to $6 per month. He
later secured a position as a rural mail carrier and
held this position for twelve and a half years. In
1905 he retired from active life, content to spend
his remaining days on the beautiful five-acre cherry
orchard that has been his home for the past thirty-
five years. Mr. and Mrs. Hanson are the parents
of two sons: Eugene W. is a druggist of 'Watson-
ville. He married Miss Flora Lord and they have
two children, Waldron and Frederick Pierce. The
other son, Herman is a dentist, he married Marie
Hayes and resides in San Jose. In his political con-
viction, Mr. Hanson is a stalwart Republican. He
is a member of Sheridan-Dix Post No. 7, G. A. R.
Department of California and Nevada, of San Jose.
Public-spirited and hospitable, he has always been
on the square in all his dealings and he has friends
all over the Santa Clara Valley.

EBERHARDT HENRY HOLTHOUSE.—

Among the early settlers of California and one who
became prominent as an orchardist of the Santa
Clara Valley was Eberhart Henry Holthouse, a na-
tive of Nahne, Osnabruck, Hanover, Germany, born
in 1827. He was the son of Herman and Mary
Elizabeth (Brockman) Holthouse, who were also
natives of the same place, where he received a
good common-school education and was taught the
details of farm work. Leaving his native land in
1849, he crossed the ocean to the New World in a
sailing vessel and landing at New Orleans went up
the river to St. Louis, Mo. Here he spent two or
three years at various occupations, crossing the
plains m 1852, with an emigrant train of ox teams.
There were many hardships encountered through the
loss of stock and they were obliged to abandon some
of their wagons, but after a long and tedious trip,
Mr. Holthouse reached Placer County, in the fall of
the year, having spent six months in making the
trip. He purchased a claim in Placer County and
commenced mining. For seven years he followed
this occupation and his venture proved profitable,
most of his time being spent in the mines of Plumas
County. From 1859 to 1870 he engaged in various
pursuits, among which were (luartz-mining, stock
raising, farming and general merchandise business.
At the expiration of this time, he removed to Al-
viso, where he rented a farm and engaged in stock-
raising and dairying for about four years, then pur-
chased a place of 140 acres two miles southwest of
,\lviso on the corner of Mountain View and Al-
viso roads, most of the farm being devoted to the
raising of hay and grain and pasture for his cattle
and horses. Here he later planted twenty acres to
orchard of apples, pears, peaches, prunes and plums,
and about seven acres he set to strawberries. Two
fine artesian wells furnished all the water needed,
and a comfortable residnce was erected.

In 1864 Mr. Holthouse married Mrs. Elizabeth
(Madden) Ratliff, a native of Dublin, Ireland. They
x\ere the parents of five children; Herman E., Hugh
N., deceased, Mary E., Mark H. and J. Fred, whose
sketch appears elsewhere in this work. Mrs. Holt-
house passed away December 27, 1902, and Mr.
Holthouse May 30, 1920, at the age of ninety-three,
honored and respected by all who knew him.

Oa

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNT^•

835

CARLON R. WILLSON.— A son o( a worthy pio-
neer, Carlon R. Willson has won for himself a posi-
tion of prominence among the agriculturists and dairy-
men of Santa Clara County b>' his untiring industry
and integrity. He was born July 3, 1857, at San
Felipe, Cal., the son of Albert Willson, a native of
Keene, N. H., born March 10, 182'), and one of the
earliest pioneers of Santa Clara County. Grandfather
Charles Willson was born in Massachusetts and even-
tually located in New Hampshire, where he died in
1846. His wife, Lavina Collins, before her marriage,
V, ho was also a native of Marlboro, N. H.. came to
California in 1833, accompanied by her son, Horace
Willson, and settled at Gilroy. and she died at the age
of eighty-six.

Learning the trade of a brickmason, Albert Willson
was engaged in this line for about six years at Ran-
dolph, Mass., and vicinity until starting for California
b\' way of the Isthmus of Panama. He sailed from
New York on January 9, 1852, and arrived at San
Francisco on February 15, having walked across the
Isthmus. His first work in California was on the
canal at Robinson's Ferry, and then for four years
he resided at Shaw's Flat, where he tried his luck as
a miner. On March 12, 1856, he was united in mar-
riage with Miss Eliza Jane Hildebrand, a native of
Mt. Auburn, Ind., whose father, Abraham W. Hilde-
brand, was also a pioneer of Santa Clara County,
having crossed the plains in 1853, locating first at
Shaw's Flat, where he mined. Later he removed to
the Pajaro Valley and engaged in farming and stock
laising. The day after his marriage, Albert Willson
came with his bride to Santa Clara County, locating
on the Soap Ranch — so named because soap was
made there — now known as the San Felipe district,
where he leased land for some years, then purchased
a tract of 500 acres and adding to it until he owned
617 acres. Here he made a specialty of dairying and
cheese making, which he carried on extensively, sup-
plying the markets in San Francisco. He passed
away on September 15, 1904, honored and respected
as one of the community's sterling citizens. Mrs.
Willson is living in Gilroy, hale and hearty, at the
age of eighty-five years.

Carlon R. Willson received his early education in
the San Felipe school and the Gilroy high school,
and in 1874 entered the California Military Academy
at Oakland, graduating in 1878. In 1881 he returned
to his father's native state to claim his bride. Miss
Agnes M. Reed, who was reared and educated at
Keene, N. H., and they immediately set out for Cali-
fornia, settling on San Felipe ranch on their arrival
here. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Will-
son: Ada L., died in childhood, and Agnes A., now
the wife of Wm. P. Spratt, manager of the College
Avenue branch. Bank of Italy, in Oakland, and the
mother of two children, Margaret W. and Jeradinc.

For thirty years Mr. Willson was actively and ex-
tensively engaged in farming and stock raising, and
his holdings consist of 1000 acres of fertile soil, well
watered and supporting a large herd of cattle. He
has followed in the footsteps of his father in the
manufacture of cheese, the family having been en-
gaged in that business for over fifty years, shipping
to the San Francisco markets. He is a member
oi the California Cattlemen's Association, and for
many years was a director in the old Bank of C,ilro\'.

which was absorbed by the (jilroy Branch of the
Bank of Italy, and he is a member of the advisory
board of the bank, his long years of residence here
making him an authority cm land values. Always
a friend of education, he is president of the board of
education of the L'nion high school and a member
of the board of trustees of the grammar schools of
Gilro\ ; is a member of the Chamber of Commerce,
and fraternally, is affiliated with the Elks, Odd Fel-
lows and Masons. Mr. Willson is a valuable asset to
the community where he has lived for so many \'ears,
and his ability and sterling worth have made for him
a high place in the esteem of his fellow citizens.

MARK H, HOLTHOUSE.— The career of Mark
H. Holthouse adds another to the many illustrations
which Santa Clara County has furnished of the splen-
did results attained by intelligence, industry and per-
severance in combating discouragement and overcom-
ing difficulties, and his example along horticultural
and agricultural lines may well be emulated by the
younger generation. He owns and successfully op-
erates perhaps the largest ranch in the northern
part of Santa Clara County, comprising some 688
acres devoted to dairy, hay and grain. A Cali-
fornian by birth and breeding, he was born August
21, 1872, in Alviso, Santa Clara County, a son of
Eberhardt Henry Holthouse, a native of Osnabruck,
Hanover, Germany, who came to America when a
young man, living for a time in St. Louis, Mo. In
pioneer days crossed the plains to California, locat-
ing in Plumas County, where he engaged in gold
mining, and afterward followed mercantile pursuits.
In 1870 he removed to Santa Clara County where
for four years he was engaged in dairying near Al-
viso, and in 1874 he purchased a ranch and profit-
ably followed in general farming and stockraising.
He married ilrs. Elizabeth (iladden) Ratliff, a na-
tive of Dublin, Ireland, a daughter of Michael Mad-
den. She left her home in Ireland to come to
.\merica, settling in New York City, and two of her
brothers came to California in 1850 by way of the
Horn. Mr. and Mrs. Holthouse were the parents
of five children, Mark H., the subject of this sketch,
being the fourth in order of birth. Mrs. Holthouse
passed awaj' December 27. 1902, at the home farm
near Alviso, and Mr. Holthouse lived to be ninety-
three years old.

Mark H. grew up on the old Holthouse home
ranch; and when he reached the age of twenty-
two purchased ten acres of the Murphy subdivi-
sion, adding to it from time to time until he had
seventy-three acres, which he farmed to alfalfa and
grain; subserjuently he sold the tract to good ad-
vantage. His first marriage united him with Miss
Esther Martin of Alviso, and they were the parents
of four children; Theodore H.; Mark \"ernon; Wil-
fred E., and Nadine, a trained nurse, graduate of
O'Connor's Sanitarium at San Jose. His second
marriage was to Mrs. .\nna (Arbiter) Hill, and
there are three children in this family; Hugh James,
Frederick John and Arniond. !\lrs. Hill had one
child. Will Hill, by her first husljand and he lives
on the Holthouse ranch.

Three years ago ilr. Holthouse and his brother,
J. F. Holthouse, bought what is now known as the
Ynigo dairy ranch of h88 acres from the Hirsch
Land Company on a ten-year contract and later
Mark H, took over the interest of his brother and

836

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

is now the sole proprietor. He has greatly added
to the productivity of tlie ranch by developing \vclls
for irrigating purposes, having eight in all, which
are run by electric power. He has brought the
ranch to a high state of cultivation, planting it to
alfalfa, tomatoes, sugar beets, hay, and grain, be-
sides a number of acres of grazing land, and he
has sixty milch cows of the Holstein breed. Mr.
Holthouse is abl}' assisted in the ranch work by his
sons and Mrs. Holthouse is indeed a capable help-
mate. The family stands very highly in the com-
munity and the hospitable spirit of their home is
greatly enjoyed by their many friends and acquaint-
ances. Mr. and Mrs. Holthouse are stanch Repub-
licans. Mr. Holthouse has served on the election
board; also as a juryman. His example of thrift
and industry has had its influence on many young
men, and his efforts in behalf of progressive meas-
ures have been given unreservedly.

J. FRED HOLTHOUSE.— A young man of ster-
ling worth, who bj' strict integrity and close appli-
cation to business, is being amply rewarded for
his industry and perseverance is J. Fred Holthouse,
who was born and reared on the 140-acre ranch
which was developed by his father, Eberhardt Henry
Holthouse, a pioneer of California of 1852. The
father was a native of German)' and upon his arrival
in America, he began the journey across the plains
in an ox team. As most of the pioneers of Cali-
fornia were drawn hither with the tales of the
finding of gold, ^Ir. Holthouse entered the mines
in Plumas County and was thus engaged until he
removed to Santa Clara County in 1874. His mar-
riage occurred there and united him with Mrs. Eliz-
abeth (Madden) Ratliff, a native of Ireland, who
came to California from New York some time in
the early '60s. They were the parents of five chil-
dren, four of whom are living, the subject of this
sketch being the youngest. The mother passed away
December 27, 1902. and the father ^lay 30, 1920, at
the age of ninety-three.

J. Fred Holthouse was born December 17, 1877,
and he first attended the Braly public school. Later
he supplemented with a business course at the San
Jose Business College, from which institution he
graduated in 1894. After finishing school he started
out for himself, baling hay during the summer
months and boring wells during the winter seasons.
From the very beginning of his business career, J.
Fred Holthouse prospered, but not without much
hard work and many disappointments, but undaunted
he stuck to the task and he is now running three well
boring rigs, operated by hand power and employs
three crews regularly. Wise is the man that oper-
ates several lines of business, and ilr. Holthouse ex-
cels in various lines in which he is interested. He is
a rancher, well driller, pump manufacturer in San
Jose and manufactures concrete irrigating pipe and
concrete drain pipe at Sunnyvale. He owns and
operates three White trucks and one service \\-agon,
and gives steady employment to fifteen men in his
well drilling operations and upon his ranch, employ-
ing them the year round. He is the president of
the California Concrete Products Company at Sun-
nyvale and they turn out the best quality of concrete
irrigation, drain and sewer pipe. He is vice-presi-
dent of the Campbell & Budlong Machine Works,
manufacturers of all kinds of machinery besides do-

ing jobbing work. They are located at 890 South
First Street, San Jose, and are manufacturers of a
deep-well turbine pump of which Mr. Holthouse
has the exclusive agency in this district. Being thor-
oughly familiar with the geological stratification of
the soil in the great Santa Clara Valley where he
has brought in hundreds of water-wells, his judg-
ment in matters pertaining to water supply is given
great weight. A good indication of the kind of
work which Mr. Holthouse turns out is that he
gives a two-year unconditional guarantee with all
his wells and pumps, and thereby is building up a
large and profitable business. Besides the home place
of 140 acres, he owns a tract of 160 acres and an-
other of 640 acres on the Gila River in Arizona.

}itr. Holthouse's marriage in 1901 united him
with Miss Frances Arbiter, a native of Kansas, a
daughter of William and Hedv/ig Arbiter, who were
both natives of Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Holthouse
are the parents of four children; Freda Adeline, a
graduate of Notre Dame; Mary Louise, a student
in high school; Henry F., in the grammar school,
and Vincent, a student in the Braly school. The
family are members of the Catholic Church at Santa
Clara. Politically Mr. Holthouse is a Republican
and fraternally, he belongs to the Druids. He is a
man of strong executive force^ and by his industry
and strict integrity has won for himself a place
of prominence in the community which is undoubt-
edly deserved and is justly popular. An enthusiast
over the growth and prosperity of Santa Clara, he
gives his time and means to the building up of
the community.

LLOYD E. FREEMAN.— One of the oldest set-
tlements of Santa Clara County, Santa Clara has of
late manifested strongly the spirit of reconstruction
and upbuilding, due to the progressive young busi-
ness men who are now at the helm of this old Cali-
fornia city. A leader among them, Lloyd E. Free-
man, has done his full share to establish this spirit
of enterprise since his coming here, as one of the
owners of the Mission Garage at 945 Main Street.

A native son, Mr. Freeman was born in Marin
County, March 8, 1896, and is a son of J. E. Free-
man, also born in Marin County, and his wife, who
was Lydia L. Perrins before her marriage. She is
a native of Springfield, Mass., and is of English
origin, being a third cousin of a member of the firm
of Lea & Perrins, of "Worcestershire Sauce" fame.
ifr. and Mrs. Freeman, who reside in Santa Clara,
are the parents of five children: Mrs. Byron Smith;
H. E. Freeman, with the Modesto IMilk Company,
where he resides; Lloyd E., of this sketch; Mabel
employed in San Jose; Arthur D., attending the
Santa Clara high school.

After attending school at Orland, Lloyd E. Free-
man went to work there in 1912 in a small auto
repair shop, where he laid the foundation of his
present expert knowledge in this line. In 1915 he
came to Santa Clara and soon thereafter entered upon
his present business career as proprietor of the
Mission Garage. The business has steadily grown
until it requires the services of five men to handle
its increased volume. Associated with Mr. Freeman
arc his father, J. E. Freeman and his brother-in-
law, Byron Smith. The former has charge of the
tractor department and not only looks after this
end of the establishment, but does much contract

"^>^>^>^ J^-^iU-^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLAKA COUNTY

837

work outside, plowing, cultivating, etc. Mr. Smith,
wlio is an oxiH-rt vulcanizcr, has charge of tiic
dcpaitmcnt of oils, gasoline, tires and tubes, \vhile
Lloyd Freeman, with two lieli>ers, atten<ls to the
mechanical work ol the gara.ge. It is a well-estab-
lished and organized hrm in hIucIi the spirit of co-
operation is made manifest in a gro\ving and prolit-
able business. Oi a genial disposition and an ex-
cellent co-operator and organizer, Mr. i'reeman takes
a leading" part in the community's activities, and in
addition to his garage interests, he is a stockholder
in the Homer Knowles Pottery Company.

JOHN SMITH.— -V man who has earned an mde-
pendency by hard work and honest toil is Jolm ,^mith.
who is now living in peace and contentment on his
beautiful orchard home. "Rawdon Dell," of thirty-
two acres located on the Saratoga Road, with his
wife and his family of six children. A native of
England, he was born in Yorkshire, September 2i,
1853, and was educated in the schools of his native
country. He worked at various occupations until
he came to America, locating in Santa Clara County,
1888, where some of his relatives lived. He came into
possession of land, which he immediately planted to
orchard of apricots, prunes and cherries. In 1916
he built his beautiful house of splash cement and it
is finely located and is one of the show- places of the
\'alley. It is named Rawdon Dell after their old
home place in England, of wdiich Mr. and !Mrs. Smith
as well as the older children cherish fond memories.
He has disposed of a portion of his acreage and now
has thirty-two under high cultivation.

Before leaving England Mr. Smith was married
to Miss Eliza Bilton, also born and reared in York-
shire and four of their six children were born in
England. When he first left England he brought
with him his son Thomas and within a short time
returned to England and brought the rest of the fam-
ily. There are three sons and three daughters;
Thomas is a merchant; Fred B. is an orchardist;
Jennie B. is Mrs. F. J. Currier; Harry E., a grad-
uate of Stanford University, is an attorney practic-
ing in San Jose; May E. is graduate of the San
Jose State Normal and is a teacher; Grace A. a
graduate of Riverside Library School, is with the
Santa Clara County Library in San Jose. There are
seven grandchildren. The family are active in the
affairs of the Congregational Church, Saratoga. Mr.
Smith is Republican in politics and with his family
he is intensely interested in everything pertaining
to the development and future of Saratoga and sur-
rounding country.

WILLIAM B. ORTLEY.— One is reminded of
the fact that many interesting industries engage the
attention of brainy folk in the w-orld, without the
world at large knowing much about it, from the
story of William B. Ortley and his business enter-
prise, the gathering and shipping of clams and oyster
shells. He was born in Alviso. — a native son, by
the way, proud of his association with the Golden
State, in 1875, and his parents were J. J. and Almira
(Wade) Ortley. The Wades came across the plains
at an earlj' day, and were enrolled among the sturdj'
California pioneers. Mr. Ortley was a boatman on
San Francisco Bay, and it was then that he began
to develop the shell trade, for he had a large ware-
house, and many boats to carry bay freight. At that
time, too, a great deal of the hay and grain was

sliip[)cd out of Alviso, and this was stored in his
\\ areliouse, |)iior to being shipped. F'ruit has now
taki-n the [ilace of the hay and grain, and the ware-
houses ai'e used for different purposes, and business
in gcner.'il is not as extensive as it used to be.

Our subject, however, in part to make up for this
lalling-olf of profitable trade, has developed the clam
and oyster shell trade, and to carry that on he has
a boat of 150 tons, with a pump attachment, with
which he pumps out the shells from the bay bottom,
and then hauls them to the shore. He then sacks
the shells and wholesales them to poultrymcn and
commission merchants over the entire West. He
also uses his boat to load bay barges of 300 tons
with shells, and tliese barges run to Sacramento and
retalnina. wdiere the shells are disposed of. J. J.
Orlle_\", the father, lived to be eighty-six years old,
and he continued long in active business, assisted
liy his son, who e\'entually took over the enterprise,
ilr. Ortic}' ships, on the average, two carloads a
month of shells, from wdiich he derives a very satis-
factory income, although his necessary operating and
maintenance expenses are also high — much higher
than most persons would be inclined to consider.
Politically, Mr. Ortley is an independent, believing
in holding himself above the narrowmess of party
lines, and giving his support generously to the man
and the measures he believes to be best and most
worthy of endorsement.

JAMES S. CARSON.— An efficient and, therefore,
a very popular official is James S. Carson, the super-
intendent of the Santa Clara County Poor Farm,
near Milpitas, who was born in South Mountain.
Canada, on August 31, 1856. the son of James and
Elizabeth ( Pelton ) Carson. Plis father was a farmer
having a ranch of 100 acres devoted to general farm-
ing; and he reared a family of nine children, among
whom our subject was the next to the youngest
born. He attended the public schools at South
Mountain; but his father having died when he was
only ten years of age, he began to make his way in
the world from his thirteenth year.

He first worked five years on a dairy farm, milk-
ing; and in 1871 he came to Marin County, Cal., and
enga.ged in hay-bailing at Tomales. He then went
to Santa Clara County, removed to San Luis Obispo
County, and after returning to Santa Clara County
spent about seven years farming.

In 1905 he became superintendent of the County
Farm near Milpitas, and he has since continued in
that responsible office requiring for its successful ad-
ministration experience, common sense, and humane
sympathy. Besides performing his official duties
there, Mr. Carson manages a farm of 100 acres of
his own know-n as the old Sinnot ranch. The County
Farm has about 230 acres, 100 of which are devoted
to vegetables and hay, and the balance to pasture
and grazing. There is a dairy of thirty-five head of
milch cows, with about 100 head of stock on the
farm, and the place has three irrigation wells. The
Farm cares for from 150 to 300 unfortunate persons,
varying according to season, many leaving in the
summer months, others coming in the winter, about
two-thirds of this number being incapacitated in
some way; but enough are able to work, to help
keep the farm in running order. Perhaps particularly
as the result of his experienc with those who come
to him as the county's representative for relief, Mr.

K38

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Carson believes in the selection of men for office
regardless of partisan claims. Mr. Carson's mother,
who came to California about 1896, and died here
five years later, was of Scotch descent, and his
father of Irish descent, so that he has been for-
tunate in his blood-inheritance.

At Oakland, Cal, on Christmas Day, 1888, Mr.
Carson was married to Miss Margaret Mokler, a
native of Tomales, Cal., the daughter of Charles
and Mary Mokler. Her father was an early settler
and a dairyman at Tomales, and highly respected.
Four children have been born to this union: Nellie
is Mrs. Joseph Ramelli of Milpitas: May has become
Mrs. James Cropley of San Jose; Stella has become
Mrs. John Martin of San Jose; and Ralph is a stu-
dent at Santa Clara College.

JOHN COX. — Great honor is due the courageous
pioneers of the Golden State in view of the great
hardships they experienced in their untiring efforts
to blaze a path for a later civilization, and John
Cox. now deceased, may well be counted among
these noble men. He was born in Iowa, July 9,
1849, the son of William and Dicey (Baggs) Cox,
both natives of Ohio, -who were pioneers of Santa
Clara County. John Cox, the eldest of their family of
nine children, crossed the plains with his parents in
an ox-team train in 1852 and was reared on the
home farm in the Saratoga district in Santa Clara
County, receiving a good education in the local
schools while assisting his parents in their ranching.
His marriage occurred at Los Gatos October 15, 1879,
and united him with Miss Almeda Morrison, born
near Cedar Rapids, Iowa, December ,31, 1861, a
daughter of Willis and Sarah (Williams) Morrison.
Her grandfather, David Morrison, of Scotch-Irish
parentage, was born on the Atlantic Ocean, while his
parents were emigrating to the United States. He
lived in Indiana and there married Eliza Allen, a
descendant of Ethan Allen, the hero of Ticonderoga.
Sarah Williams was born in Indiana, a daughter of
Adin Williams, a native of old Kentucky. Willis
Morrison was a wheelwright and a farmer, who
came to California in 1863 via Panama, while his
wife joined him in 1864, making the journey across
the plains, bringing their three children. Mrs. Cox
was at that time a small child but still remembers
the thrills incident to the trip. Mr. and Mrs. Mor-
rison were the parents of nine children. Willis
Morrison spent a short time in the mines when he
arrived in California and then came to Santa Clara
County and worked in the sawmill near Wrights,
then went to Oregon, where he ranched for a short
time and returned to Santa Clara and bought 161)
acres near Saratoga. Later he spent two years at
railroad work in Southern Oregon and then moved
to Los .\ngeles County and bought a ranch of sixty
acres of walnuts. He passed away in 1915 at the
age of eighty-one years, being survived by his wi<low,
now eighty-five years old. .-'Vt the time of their
marriage Mr. and Mrs. Cox located on the farm of
105 acres on Saratoga Avenue where she still re-
sides. A grain field then, they began setting out
orchards of prunes that are now full bearing. At the
time of Mr. Cox's death they owned a ranch of 150
acres. He was an energetic man and was never idle,
however, he was not permitted to enjoy the fruits of
his labors for he passed away August 15, \'>16. He
was a man widely known and esteemed as an up-

builder of the district and he and his wife were
members of the Methodist Church. Since his death
his widow continues to reside on the home place,
looking after the interests left by her husband and
aiding the various movements for the upbuilding of
the Saratoga section. Mr. and Mrs. Cox were the
parents of eight children, seven of whom are liv-
ing; Clara is the wife of E. C. Stamper, and they
are the parents of three children — Arthur, Eveline and
Donald; Cora is the wife of Robert K. Wells and they
have four children living — Eleanor, Herbert, Chester
and Clyde; John W. married Alta Laddick and they
have one child — Raymond; Frances is Mrs. Fred Mc-
Coy and she had a child by her first marria.ge named
George Rowell; Jessie, Mrs. Robbins of Roseburg,
<')re,; Willis M. married Ethel Gage and has one child,
Milton; and Frank, the youngest of the family.

WILLIAM GRIFFITHS.— Of a constructive and
mechanical turn of mind, William Griffiths has
tiirned his talents to the manufacture of a house-
hold necessity and is thereby establishing a busi-
ness in Santa Clara that is a credit both to him-
self and the town. Mr. Griffiths, who was born
in San Francisco on April 2, 1884, is the son of
James and Johanna (Mahoney) Griffiths, the lat-
ter a native of Ireland. The father, who was born
in Bristol. England, was a boilermaker and he came
to San Francisco in the early days of 1856. Here
he followed his trade for a number of years, work-
ing for such pioneer firms as Monahan, Scott and
the well-known Union Iron Works. Later he went
to Mexico and built boilers for the various Mexi-
can railway companies; his death occurred in San
Francisco in 1890. There were three children in
the Griffiths familj': Mrs. Sellers and Mrs. Fuentes,
both of San Francisco, and William, of this sketch.

William Griffiths, the youngest of the family, was
only six years old at the time of his father's death,
and as a mere lad he had to go to work. For seven
years he was with the Union Iron Works at San
Francisco, and just before the earthquake there in
1906 he had become interested in the cement busi-
ness, and was engagd in building foundations, walks
and buildings. During this period he became ac-
quainted with Charles Wesley, the originator of the
cement laundry tray, who had recently come from
Chicago, and after a time he was engaged by Mr.
Wesley to make the necessary molds for the trays,
such as are now manufactured by Mr. Griffiths.
They are built according to the standard specifica-
tions adopted by the Pacific Coast Cement Tray
Manufacturers Association, reinforced by means of
wire netting, with zinc bottoms and rims and the
necessary plumbing connections.

In 191,^ Mr. Griffiths came to Santa Clara and
bought the property at 829 Franklin Street, which
he has remodeled into modern apartments, one of
which he occupies, while in the rear he is building
a structure to accommodate his growing manufactur-
ing interests. He is now manufacturing on an av-
erage of 150 trays per month and they are meeting
with excellent satisfaction and a constantly increasing
demand, being made of the best materials.

Mr. G,riffiths was married in San Francisco to
.Miss Eva Pyne. born and reared in Santa Clara.
She is the dau.ghter of William and Mattie (Murphy)
I'yne, and one of a family of four children. Her
father, who was born in London, Ivngland, came

^Al24-ua.a^ J/^/r]^.

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.AKA COUNTY

843

to Santa Clara in 1897, and passed away there in
1900. Grandfather Fync was a Civil War veteran
and a California pioneer. Mrs. Pync, who makes
her home with Mrs. Grififiths, was born in Phila-
delphia, Pa., a daughter of Thomas Murphy of tha*
city. Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths are the parents of two
children, Willie and Budd. Mrs. Griffiths efficiently
assists her husband in his business, and is the office
manager, stenographer and bookkeeper, while Mr.
Griffiths manages the sales department and oversees
the work of the shop. He is a member of the
Plasterers and Cement Finishers Union of San Jose,
Both he and Mrs. Griffiths are prominent members
of the Episcopal Church at Santa Clara, and have
made for themselves a lasting place in the community
through their progressive spirit and enterprise.

JAMES LOGUE, — A substantial farmer of the
Sunnyvale district, James Loguc has acciuired valu-
able holdings there through his years of industrious
labor, having been a resident of California since 1875.
County Derry, Ireland, was the scene of his child-
hood and there he w-as born on March 2, 1853, his
parents being Michael and Ellen ( McKenna) Logue.
He attended school until he was fifteen, meanwhile
helping his father, who was engaged in farming, and
later he went to work for his grandmother. When
he reached the age of eighteen he made up his mind
to come to America, and going from Belfast to
Liverpool, he crossed the ocean to New York, land-
ing there the first week of October, 1871. He im-
mediately went on to Pittsburgh, Pa., where he had
two cousins, and while there he remembers well
seeing the fire engines being loaded on the cars to
be rushed to the great Chicago fire.

Mr. Logue remained in Pittsburgh for three years,
hauling coal and lime, and then came west to San
Francisco, Cal., arriving in April, 1875. He worked
for the contractor who was building the Grand
Hotel, shoveling sand for him, and after a month
came to San Jose. His first emploj'ment was with
Joseph Keep on North First Street, then with Roy
McLaughlin and Judge Archer, being three years
with the latter. On July 5, 1880, he came to the
.great Alurphy ranch at Sunnyvale and worked under
Michael Farrell, who was then foreman, for three
years. By that time he felt that he should begin
operations on his own account, and accordingly
rented a place of 165 acres on the north side of the
Mountain \'icw and Alviso road, remaining there
for a number of years. Later he began to pur-
chase land, his first purchase being seventy-three
acres from the late C. C. Morse, the seedman; this
he sold and since he has made three different pur-
chases from George Swall of Mountain View, and he
now has 176K acres, a valuable tract of land which
he keeps up to the highest state of cultivation, every-
thing being run systematically. "A place for every-
thing and everything in its place," has always been
strictly adhered to by Mr. Logue.

In 1887, Mr. Logue was married to Miss Catherine
Mulhall, who was born at Morristown, N. J., and
came to California in 1876. Her father, Jerry Mul-
hall, was a contractor in Santa Clara. Five chil-
dren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Logue:
Aloysius died at the age of sixteen; Mary, a grad-
uate of the San Jose State Normal, is a teacher at the
Mountain View grammar school; James M. was in
the U. S. Navy during the war and got as far as

h'.ngland; he is now at home and helping operate
the farm; Genevieve died at the a.ge of eight; Cath-
erine is a graduate of the Mountain View high school
and is now attending the State Normal School at
San Jose. The family arc members of the Roman
Catholic Church at Mountain View, and Mr. Logue
is a member of the Prune and Apricot Growers,
Inc., a stockholder and director in the First National
Bank of Mountain View and a stockholder in the
Sunnyvale branch of the Bank of Italy. Politically
he is a Democrat and a stanch supporter of all that
pertains to the welfare of his community, where he
is held in the highest respect.

THE FARMERS & MERCHANTS NATIONAL
BANK OF MOUNTAIN VIEW,— The thriving
city of Mountain View has been fortunate in the
part played by the far-sighted and experienced
bankers in her a.gricultural and commercial develop-
ment through which she has come to take a place
of influence, and prominent among the agencies
which have made for the greatest progress must be
mentioned the Farmers and Merchants National
Bank, the leading banking institution of Mountain
View. Its success is due, in great measure, to the
fact that it possesses every banking facility and
meets every local recjuirement, and its increased
working capital, together with added modern con-
veniences, which have added greatly to the con-
venience and general satisfaction of the patrons,
has widened its territory, added to the number of
its patrons, and enabled it to do business on a
broader and more liberal basis. Much of the im-
provement and growth is due to the personal at-
tention to every detail, and the hard, conscientious
work by Wilbur L. Camp, the first cashier of the
institution and now serving as the capable and
efficient president.

In 1905 J. S. Mockbee together with Wilbur L.
Camp and a few other men — men of vision and
faith who expand communities and develop com-
monwealths— seeing the necessity of a banking in-
stitution, established the Farmers and Merchants
National Bank of Mountain View. It was duly
incorporated under the laws of the State of Cali-
fornia, capitalized at $50,000, $25,000 of which was
paid up at the time of organization, and a beauti-
ful and cominodious bank building was erected at
200 Castro Street. In 1898 the Bank of Mountain
View had been organized and in 1909 it was ab-
sorbed by the Farmers and Merchants National
Bank. In 1918, Mr. Mockbee resigned as president
of the bank, owing to impaired eyesight, and Wilbur
L. Camp was elected to fill the position and has
associated with him vice-presidents J. S. Mockbee
and M. Farrell; O. W. Whaley, cashier; P. C.
Whaley and W. A. Griffin, assistant cashiers, and
a board of directors composed of himself, George
Swall, H. A. Rengstorff, J. S. Mockbee, O. W.
Butz, George Jagels, M. Farrell, O. \\'. Whaley and
A. M. Crittenden. Its present paid-up capital is
$100,000 with a surplus of $20,000, and total re-
sources of over $1,000,000. The bank has a fire,
burglar-proof vault, with safe deposit accommoda-
tions and ample rooms for the convenience of its
patrons, with commodious offices for its oiTicers,
its general equipment lieing the equal of any insti-
tution of its size in the country. It is no wonder
that the Farmers and Merchants National Bank enjoys

i<U

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

the entire confidence of the people of this section, for
it has become a member of tlie great Federal Reserve
system, and as such is sure to provide the best of
banking conditions through good times and bad

The high standing of each of the officers of the
Farmers and Merchants National Bank of Mountain
View, their well-known personal character, their ex-
perience and ability, and the reasonable conserva-
tism thus far demonstrated in the progressive pro-
grams of the institution, give a double assurance to
patrons and public alike as to the present healthy
state of the bank. Mountain View is justly proud
of this institution and the bank looks proudly to-
ward the city of Mountain View of tomorrow.

FRED W. WEHNER.— Through his straightfor-
ward methods of doing business and a high degree of
personal integrity, Fred W. Wehner has truly been
an upbuilder of the county and has established an
enviable place for himself throughout the commu-
nity. He has recently turned his business over to
his son, Fred E., who is now running it, being well
qualified for the responsibility, since he has been as-
sisting his father for a number of years. Mr. Wehner
now lives retired at his pleasant countr}' place on
Alum Rock Avenue, where he has a modern, beau-
tiful bungalow situated on an eminence giving a beau-
tiful view of the valley and city of San Jose, and
here he engages in poultry raising, having very fine
poultry yards. Mr. Wehner was born in Hanover,
Germany, June 26, 1861, the son of John C. and
Flannah (Angerstein) Wehner, both natives of Ger-
man)', from whence the family came to America in
the year 1872, when our subject was eleven years old.
Fred was next to the youngest of a family of thirteen
children born to this worthy couple, who both passed
away in San Jose.

Coming to San Jose in 1872 he was educated in
the public schools. After school days were over,
when sixteen years old, he began work as a machin-
ist in the Alameda foundry and machine works at
San Jose, owned by Fred Altnaan, continuing for
about four years. During tfiis time at their works
he worked on the couplings and connections for the
San Jose electric light tower at Market and Santa
Clara Streets, which was famous all over the United
States. He was sent to aid in its construction, start-
ing when it was forty feet high, and then worked
until the tower was completed to the topmost plat-
forms, 200 feet high. He next went to northern
Arizona, where he ran a stationary engine in the
vSan brancisco Motuitains near Flagstaff, at that time
just a small railroad station; then came to West
Berkeley and ran the engine for the Went worth
Boot and Shoe Company about one year. The fol-
lowing four 3'ears he was with N. Clark & Sons Terra
Gotta Company, in San Francisco,. Next he went
to Vineyard Canyon, Monterey County and engaged
in farming and stockraising for fourteen j^ears, when
he sold out and returned to San Jose in 1903. Flere
he began general teaming contracting, and since then
continued in this line and in ceincnt contracting, for
a period of eighteen years. Many of the fine roads
for which Santa Clara County is noted, have been
constructed by him, among them being the Home-
stead, the Story, the Iving, and the Berryessa roads;
and Lucrctia, Stone and Capitol Avenues. He lies
done extensive work in rock, gravel and cement, and
his business continues to progress steadily since he
turned it over to his son, F. E. Wehner.

^ The marriage of Mr. Wehner occurred in San
Francisco, September 16, 1883, and united him with
Miss Katherine E. Hennessey, a native of Springfield,
Mass., and to them have been born three sons and
a daughter; P'red E., as stated, is running the busi-
ness; Ethel E. completed a business course and was
employed by the Union Oil Company when she
passed away in 1909, at the age of twenty-three;
William Walter is a druggist at Gustine; Richard
Harold is a public accountant, located at San Jose;
he served in the U. S. Army during the World War.
Mrs. Wehner is a cultured woman, enjoying the
esthetic and beautiful things in life, and their home
home is very attractive, both Mr. and Mrs. Wehner
taking pleasure in showering their hospitality on their
many friends. Mr. Wehner is a member of the
Builders Exchange of San Jose and the Fraternal
Brotherhood. He is a stanch adherent of the princi-
ples of the Republican party and an enthusiast for
outdoor life. He is held in high esteem as a pro-
gressive citizen of San Jose and has ever manifested
the deepest interest in questions of public concern.

ELMER E. CHASE. — A man of marked -executive
abdity through which he has attained a high degree
of success, IS Elmer E. Chase of the Richmond-Chase
Company. He was born in April 1, 1861, near Ro-
chester, Minn., a son of George G. and Maria S.
(Parce) Chase, and came with his parents to San
Jose, Calif., in the year 1874. His father followed his
trade of carpenter for a number of years; later en-
gaging in agricultural pursuits. Both father and
mother passed away in San Jose. There are three
daughters and one son living.

Mr. Chase attended the public schools of Rochester
and San Jose; later attending high school for a short
time. His first venture into the business world was
as an ordinary farm laborer; then he was employed
by the Golden Gate Packing Company and served
from general factotum to the responsible position of
president and manager, serving in all some forty
years. This was the oldest business of its kind in
the state and was sold to Hunt Bros, in 1918. The
experience of forty years in this particular line served
to fully equip him for his later investments. In 1919,
with E. N. Richmond, he formed a corporation known
as the Richmond-Chase Company, dealers in dried
and canned fruits. They operate two canneries— one
of them located at Stockton — and two large packing
plants and own and control about 600 acres of prune
orchards. During the busy season, some 1500 people
are employed to take care of their products. While
his own individual business is the center of his activ-
ities, yet Mr. Chase finds time to be of great value to
the community. He served as president of the Board
of Education for four years; he was a member of the
board of freeholders that framed the city manager
form of government and was elected a member of
the city council at the general election in 1916, and
served as president of the council two years; he also
filled an unexpired term twenty years ago. He has
served some ten or twelve years as president of the
state organization of the Canners' League and in
1922 was re-elected to that office; is now president
of the Security Warehouse and Cold Storage Com-
pany, second vice-president of the Bank of San Jose,
and president of the Traffic Bureau of the Chamber
of Commerce. He is a loyal adherent of the principles
of the Republican party, and fraternally is an active
member of the Masons and the Elks. He is also a

^

PIISTORY OF SANTA CJ.ARA CoUNTV

847

member of the Countr\- Club, the Rotary Club, and
Chamber of Commerce, ha\ing served as president,
and the San iManeisco Commercial Club, and a di-
lector of the San Jose Commercial Club.

^Ir. Chase's marriage to Miss Edith Granger,
daughter of the late 1". B. Granger, united him with
a prominent pioneer family of Alameda, and three
children have been born to them: Elmer E, Jr.,
associated with Richmond-Chase Company; Bernice,
a student in high school, and June, who died in 1918
while a student at Stanford. Kindly by nature, public
spirited, honorable and upright in all his business
uansaetions, Elmer E. Chase is a man whom any
city may well be proud to number among her citi-
zens. He is very fond of music and for twenty-five
years took an active part in amateur operas put on
in San Jose, and was a member of the San Jose
Orchestral Society during its existence.

ERNEST WOODBURY CONANT.— A native
Minnesotan of acknowledged proficiency who has
proven most efficient as a California public official,
IS Ernest Woodbury Conant, the popular treasurer of
Santa Clara County, with headquarters at San Jose.
He was born in Hennepin County on July 2, 1862,
the son of Timothy Conant, a veteran of the Civil
War, who saw hard service with Sherman on his
famous march to the sea when he was a member of
Company F of the Fourth ivlinnesota Infantry, which
had previously been commanded by Gen. John A.
Logan, one of Sherman's most dependable aides. He
married Aliss Alartha Davis, and with their family
they came to California in 1874, and on February 17
settled in Santa Clara County, where Mr. Conant
became an orchardist in the Willows, in which field
of activity he continued until his death, in 1889, the
same year in which his good wife died.

After finishing with the elementary schools, Ernest
Conant was duly graduated from the high school at
San Jose, and then he pursued successfully certain
courses in the University of California at Berkeley.
When his father's health became impaired, he took
charge of the home ranch; and so he came to busy
himself with the drying of fruit, and the planting of
more orchard. After a while, he was able to ship
fruit East; and he still has an orchard and takes good
care of it. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce
and contributes in everj' way possible for the stimula-
tion of those industries and lines of activity peculiar
to this section.

When Mr. Conant married, he chose for his wife
Miss Agnes Pender, a graduate of the State Normal,
a native daughter, her father having been a '49er;
and now they have three children, Ernest Leslie,
David Jordan and Mabel Agnes, and a grandson,
Ernest Roger Conant. Ernest Leslie, ranch super-
intendent for Fred Thomas, on Ryer Island, Sacra-
mento County, is married and father of Ernest Roger
Conant. David Jordan, who served the Government
as the head of the engineering department of the
ground school at Berkeley during the 'World War,
with rank of Second Lieutenant, is now engineer for
the Western Well Works in San Jose. Mabel Agnes
is in training for the duties of a professional nurse;
all three graduated from the San Jose high school
Mr. Conant is a Mason, holding membership in San
Jose Lodge No. 10, F. & A. M., of which he served
two successive terms as Master and is now Senior
Past Master of No. 10; a member of the Royal Arch
Chapter and Knights Templar and of Observatory

Lod^e I. O. C). ]•' a)id he also belongs to tile Sons
01 Veterans, the Sciots and the (.Grange of Campbell.
A Republican in national politics, and a nonpartisan
advocate of what is best for community develop-
ment and uplift, Mr. Conant was elected county
treasurer in 1902, and he has been reelected everj' four
years since. He is president of the state organiza-
tion lit county treasurers, serving his seventh year.
Ide is extremely optimistic as to the future of Santa
Clara County, which also means, very naturally, that
he is interested in its historic pa.st and wide-awake
as to the golden opportunities here at the present.

MRS. LUCY A. ST. JOHN.— During the thirty-
four years of her residence in San Jose Mrs. Lucy
A. St. John has witnessed much of the growth and
developnTent of the city, in which she has ever been
deeply and helpfully interested. She was born in
Sheboygan, ^\'is., a daughter of John and Angeline
(Hadle5') Laing. Her maternal grandfather, Jack-
son Hadley, was a native of Livonia, Livingston
County, N. Y., and a prominent figure in public af-
fairs, serving as U. S. senator from 'Wisconsin from
1863 until 1867. He passed away March 4, 1867,
deeply regretted by all who had the honor of his
acquaintance, for he was a man of high principles
and sterling worth. John Laing was born in Water-
loo, Seneca County, N. Y., and on removing to Wis-
consin he purchased land at Portage, while later he
crossed Lake Michigan and took up his residence
in Grand Haven when the subject of this review
was seven years of age.

Mrs. St. John's mother passed away when she was
twelve 3'ears old and she has two sisters living,
Mrs. J. F. Warncke of San Jose and Mrs. Hattie
Caldwell of Portland, Ore. In 1878 she went to
Waterloo, N. Y., where she remained for a year,
and then came again to Michigan. At White Cloud,
that state, in the home of her brother, Charles
Hadley, on September 4, 1879, she married Sidney
Monroe Keith, a native of Lima, now known as
Howe, Ind.. and a son of Sidney and Angeline
(Moore) Keith. His father followed farming and
was a frontiersman in Indiana, obtaining a patent
of land signed by President Martin Van Buren.
S. M. Keith was born January 4, 1858, and in 1886,
with his family, he came to California, settling in
San Jose, where he followed the carpenter's trade.
He engaged in building cars for the railroad and for
a number of years was master mechanic, later having
charge of the dynamos at the power plant on First
Street. He made his home in that part of the city
known as The Willows and throughout the period
of his residence in San Jose he took a most active
part in the work of public progress and improve-
ment. He passed away in 1912 and his demise was
deeply regretted not only by his immediate family
but by all w-ith whom he came in contact, for he
was actuated by the highest standards of manhood
and citizenship. Mr. and Mrs. Keith became the
parents of two children: George Sidney, a resi-
dent of Turlock, Stanislaus County; Mary A. and
Mrs. L. C. Maynard, of San Jose.

Mrs. Keith's second union was with J. E. Cur-
tiss, whom she married at the home of her sister,
in Napa, Cal. He was born at FootviUe. Wis., No-
vember 4, 1857, and by his first wife, Maria Fannie
Bennett, a native of Barrington, Mass., he had two
children; Fred, a well-known dentist of San Jose;

848

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

and Ruth, now Mrs. L. A. Bunson. For many years
Mr. Curtiss engaged in the farm-loan business at
Fairmont, Xebr., and in 1900 he came to San Jose,
where he lived retired until his death, which oc-
curred May 6, 1919. He purchased land in The
Willows, becoming the owner of one-half of the
Owsley tract, and the property was later subdivided
and placed upon the market. Mrs. St. John now
resides on a part of that property, occupying a plot
of three-quarters of an acre, and a street has been
named in honor of Mr. Curtiss. He was a member
of the Masonic fraternity and his political allegiance
was given to the Republican party, of which his
widow is also an adherent.

On September 28, 1920, Mrs. Curtiss was married
in Santa Cruz, CaL, to M. B. St. John, who by a
previous union had three children, Edwin, Homer
and Bayliss, all of Rockford, 111. For many years
Mr. St. John was identified with the paper mills at
Rockford, 111., removing from that state to Cali-
fornia. He is a prominent Mason, being secretary
of Friendship Lodge No. 210, F. & A. M., at San
Jose and also belongs to the Consistory.

JOSEPH EOHNETT.— When Joseph Bohnett
purchased his present homestead ranch in Santa
Clara County in 1890 it was a hayfield, with no sug-
gestion of higher cultivation, but he foresaw greater
remuneration in store for hiin by having the tract in
fruit, and forthwith planted the entire ranch to fruit-
bearing trees, thirty-five acres being set apart for
prunes, and the balance planted to apricots and cher-
ries. Mr. Bohnett also installed a dryer upon his
ranch, thus facilitating the preparation of the fruit
for the market, this being but one of the many ap-
pointments that go toward inaking his ranch one of
the foremost in Santa Clara County.

Joseph Bohnett was born in Ann Arbor, Mich.,
March 26, 1848, a son of Christian and Mary Raus
Bohnett, both natives of Wurtemberg, Germany,
When a young man the father emigrated from Ger-
many and settled in Ann Arbor, Mich., where as a
shoemaker he spent the rest of his life, both he and
his wife passing aw"ay in that state. Of the seven
children born to them, three sons and four daugh-
ters, Joseph is the fourth child. The first twenty-
three years of his life were spent in Michigan, but he
determined to settle where there was more hope of
rapid advancement. The West seemed to hold forth
more inducements than any other part of the countr}-.
;.nd in 1871 he came to Santa Clara County, Cal. He
located in the Cambrian school district in May of
that year and it has been his home ever since; for
tliirty years he was a trustee of this same school dis-
trict until he refused longer service. He is now the
second longest resident in point of >'ears in this dis-
trict. His first day's work «as on a ranch he after-
V. ards owned and improved with an orchard. I' or
three years he worked for wages and then leased lS^
;'cres — the John Barker ranch — which he purchased
i;. 1876. The i)lace was located adjoining his pres-
ent ranch. About thirty-five years ago he sold the
old Barker place and purchased his present place of
forty-eight acres, a portion of the Casey ranch, and
soon began setting it to orchards, so he transformed
what was once a vast field of grain into one of the
most productive orchards in Santa Clara County.

Mr. Bohnett was united in marriage with Miss
'lamer lone Barker, a native of Santa Clara County,

born near Milliken's Corner, and a daughter of John
Barker, a pioneer settler of the county. Mr. Bohnett
was bereaved of his faithful wife on August 10, 1920.
She was a woman of much charm, beloved by all who
knew her, and at her passing was deeply mourned by
her family and her numerous friends, her funeral be-
ing the largest attended of any in the county. Their
union was blessed by the birth of eleven children, all
living and successful: Enos, an engineer, resides at
Aromas; Mrs. Mary Evans of Campbell; L. D., an
attorney in San Jose; Eva Pearl is Mrs. Powers,
residing in Chico; Ralph is a rancher near Perry,
this county; Grace is a graduate nurse who since the
death of her mother presides over her father's home,
caring for him with true devotion and ministering to
his comfort. Calvin is an educator and resides at
Campbell; Lois is private secretary to her brother,
L. D. Bohnett; Floyd has the home ranch; Karl is
associated with his brother Ralph in ranching at
Perry; Hattie is Mrs. Gardner and lives at Campbell.
Mr. Bohnett also has twenty-three grandchildren and
takes much pride in his family. In 1919 Mr. Bohnett
built a beautiful cement bungalow on his ranch and
his son Floyd moved into the old family home where
the children had been born and reared. Politically
Mr. Bohnett is a Republican; he is a charter member
o; Orchard City Grange and was master of the or-
ganization for two years. Local progress and na-
tional advancement are both causes dear to his heart,
and he gives helpful aid to all matters that he believes
will benefit his localitj-.

GEORGE E. McCLINE.— Real estate activity in
San Jose finds a prominent representative in George
E. McCline, an alert and progressive young busi-
ness man, who is also extensively engaged in ranch-
ing. .A. native of Ohio, he was born in Calla, Ma-
honing County, June 17, 1892, his parents being
A. H. and Dora (Hendricks) McCline, members of
old families of that state. The father was a suc-
cessful farmer and a prominent figure in public af-
fairs of his locality, serving for twenty years as
postmaster of Calla. In later life he removed to
Fresno County, Cal., where he is now living retired.
In the family were four sons and four daughters,
of whom the subject of this review was the third
in order of birth. \ sister, Mrs. L. O. Wilcox, is
the wife of a rancher and lives at Lawrence, in Santa
Clara County, while another sister, Mrs. Y. D.
Goodrich, is residing in San Jose.

Mr. JvIcCline acquired his grammar school educa-
tion at Calla, Ohio, and in 1907 came to Santa Clara,
Cal., where he completed a high school course. On
starting out in life he went to Gerlach, Nev., where
he homesteaded a half section of land, on which he
proved up, gradually transforming the place into a
productive ranch, on which he engaged in stock-
raising for eight years. He is still the owner of this
property, which is in Duck Lake Valley near Reno.

On September 23, 1918, Mr. McCline enlisted in
the army and was sent to Camp Lewis, Wash., be-
ing promoted to the rank of sergeant. He became
a member of the Sixteenth Company, Fourth Bat-
talion, One Hundred Sixty-Sixth Depot Brigade, re-
maining at that camp until May 6, 1920, when he re-
ceived his discharge. Returning to San Jose, he
engaged in the real estate business as a partner
of his brother-in-law, Virgil D. Goodrich, their in-
terests being conducted at the Sao Joaquin 'Valley

mjM^

J, (^<Xff-...J^

HISTORY OF SANTA GUAR A COUNTY

851

Land Company. A[r. (.'■oodrich was horn in the
Ozark Mountains of Missouri, January 12, 1876, a
.son of A. K. and Rebecca B. (Dcvin) Goodrich,
the former a native of Virginia, while the latter
was born in Tennessee, tlie father following the
occupation of farming and stock-raising.

Mr. Goodrich attended the public schools of
Bolivar, Mo., and subsequently became a student at
the Baptist College of that city. When a young
man of seventeen he came to California, first
locating in Sacramento and going from there to
I'lacerville, where he secured a position as driver
of a stage operating between that place and the
mines. At the end of a year he returned to Sacra-
mento and for ten years was employed in the
men's clothing store of W. M. Petrie. In 1900 he
went to Alaska and for two years worked in the
general merchandise store of the Russian-Nome
Gold Company at Fuller City, returning in 1902
to San Jose, where he lias since made his home.
Purchasing a ranch in Santa Clara County he en-
gaged in dairying, while later he became interested
in land in the San Joaquin Valley and organized
the San Joaquin Valley Land Company, which has
since become a ver\- successful enterprise of ex-
tensive proportions.

Mr. Goodrich has been married twice. In San
lose, in September, 1898, he was united with Miss
California Main, a daughter of H. H. and Minnie
Main, and for his second wife he chose Miss Mil-
dred McCline, whom he married in July, 1919. Two
children have been born to Mr. Goodrich; Juanita
June, who died at the age of ten years; and Virginia
Donna. He is a Republican in his political views
and is a public-spirited citizen and capable business
man who stands high in his community.

In Santa Clara County, Cal, Mr. McCline mar-
ried Miss Vera Chamber, a native of Olympia,
\\ash., and a daughter of Thomas and Lydia Cham-
ber. Mr. McCline's political allegiance is given to
the Republican party and he is a member of the
American Legion of San Jose.

In addition to his real estate interests he is also
cultivating a fort\-acre ranch in the Patterson colony
of the San Joa(|uin Valley which he devotes to the
raising of alfalfa, and this is also proving a profit-
able investment.

JOHN CAVALLARO.— For many years con-
nected with the city fire department as assistant
chief, in which connection he made a most com-
mendable record, John Cavallaro was born in Paler-
mo, Sicily, August 24, 1858, a son of Domingo and
Anna (Laspinna) Cavallero. who had three chil-
dren. When John was two years old his father
died and his mother afterward became the wife of
G. Zarcone, by whom she had four children.

When John Cavallaro was nine years of age he
accompanied his stepfather to the LInited States,
the mother and remaining children following them
later. Soon after he arrived in New York City,
young Cavallaro began earning his own livelihood
learning the barber trade and selling the New York
Herald, and in 1874 he came to California, settling
in San Jose. For six months he was employed in
the barber shop of A. G. Cook and then embarked
in the business on his own account, successfully
conducting his shop for twenty years. Under G. W.
Lorigan's administration he became a member of the

Volunteer Fire Department of San Jose, acting as
assistant in charge of the relief station at Eighth
and San Salvador Streets for four years. In 1898
he was appointed by the commissioners an extra
man on the fire department and was attached to the
station on North Eighth Street, remaining there six
months, when he was made assistant foreman of
chemical No. 1. He served in that capacity for a
j-ear. and Avas then chosen captain of Chemical No. 1
and for four years continued to fill that post and
then resigned. Soon afterward he was appointed
assistant chief of the fire department under Flenry
Ford and until he resigned capably discharged the
duties of that responsible position. Following his
resignation he conducted a grocery store at the
corner of Fifth and St. James Streets, having dis-
posed of his barber shop on engaging in merchan-
dising. He was then reappointed assistant fire chief
under George Tompkins, resigning at the end of
three years owing to injuries which he had received
and which disqualified him for active work in the
department. Upon regaining his strength he be-
came caretaker of the Lincoln school and grounds
and since 1911 has had charge of this work. He is
also engaged in ranching, having a ten-acre tract on
the Almaden Road, this being a part of the old
Welsh estate, while in 1914 he purchased his present
attractive home at 450 Vine Street, San Jose.

In San Jose, on September 1, 1879, Mr. Cavallaro
was married to Miss Maggie Welsh, a native of this
city and a daughter of John and Anastasia Welsh,
the former of whom came to California in the late
'50s and engaged in ranching in the Almaden dis-
trict of Santa Clara County. Mrs. Cavallaro passed
away in 1905, leaving three children, John E., Am-
brose and Annie, The elder son married a Miss
Lynch, of San Francisco, and they have one child,
Vernon. Ambrose is also married and has three
children, Andrew, Dolores and !Mary. For his sec-
ond wife Mr. Cavallaro chose IVIrs. Harry Krapp, a
native of Cayucos, San Luis Obispo County, Cal.,
and a daughter of Anthony and Mary Fabretti, both
of whom were born in Canton Ticino, Switzerland,
and the father was formerly a resident of Aus-
tralia, where he was occupied as a miner until coming
to California in 1875, arriving in San Luis Obispo
County where his daughter, Mrs. Cavallaro, was
born in 1877. He farmed in San Luis Obispo County
and his demise occurred in 1890 at Saratoga. His
wife died there the year previous. B3- her first mar-
riage Mrs. Cavallaro had two children: Frank, who
died in childhood; and Harrison, who married Kath-
erine Gibbons, a native of Boston, Mass. He is a
printer and in February, 1914, enlisted in the NavJ^
receiving his training at Mare Island and becoming
head of the printing department there. During the
World War he served on the cruiser Rochester and
is now stationed in New" York City, being chief
printer in that department of the navy. By this
second marriage Mr. and Mrs. Cavallaro have a
daughter, Virginia A., attending the high school.

Mr. and Mrs. Cavallaro are Republicans and he
is a Scottish Rite Mason, being Past Priest of Har-
mony Lodge No. 25 of San Jose. He is also con-
nected with the Ignited Ancient Order of Druids, in
which he is Past Noble; he was one of the organiz-
ers of Mt. Hamilton Lodge A. O. F.

852

HISTORY OF SANTA CTARA COUNTY

FRANK W. KNOWLES, M. D.— The delightful
home-town and famous winter resort, Los Gatos,
declared by no less an authority than the London
Lancet to be, witli Assuan, in Egypt, one of the two
places in all the world with the most equable cli-
mate, owes much of its attraction, to those particu-
lar about health and the safety and enjoyment of
life, to the presence and activitj' there of the dis-
tinguished Illinois physician and surgeon, Dr. Frank
W. Knowles, now one of the leading members of the
American Medical Association, and also the medical
societies of both California and Santa Clara County.
Lie was born near Port Byron in Rock Island Coun-
ty, in the Prairie State, on March 2, 1858, the son
of Smith S. and Mary (Crooks) Knowles. His fa-
ther was born in Ohio and there he married Miss
Crooks, who was born in Virginia; they were pio-
neers of Illinois and farmed near Port Pjyron, where
the father passed away, and his widow spent her
last days in California. Of their eight children, Frank
W. Knowles is the third oldest, and after attending
the Moline, 111., public schools, Frank was graduated
from the high school at that place, then entered
Rush Medical College in Chicago, from which he
was graduated with the class of '83 with the degree
of M. D. Ready for practical work, he came to
California in 1883, and direct to Los Gatos, at a time
when there were few people here, the valle^r all
devoted to grain raising, so that many of his calls
had to be made to patients far away among the
settlers in the mountains, making his trips on horse-
back. Since then, lie has practiced here continu-
ously, with the result that he has grown up with
the country, has had much to do with influencing
its development, and has come to know thousands,
while everyone knows and loves hiin. Dr. Knowles
is also interested in ranching, and he set out forty-
two acres of orchard on San Jose Avenue, one
mile north of Los Gatos, now in full bearing. It is
equipped with an electric pumping plant and is de-
voted to prunes, apricots, peaches and grapes. He
is a member of the Prune & Apricot Growers As-
sociation and was an original stockholder of the
First National Bank of Los Gatos and a director
and vice-president of the bank.

Mrs. Knowles was in maidenhood Miss Olive
Warren, a native of Chicago, III, who has come to
share with him his well-earned and enviable popu-
larity for real good; and they have one son, Frank
W. Knowdcs, Jr. Dr. Knowles was made a Mason
in Los Gatos Lodge No. 292, F. & A. M. and was
the first candidate initiated. He is a past master of
the lodge and a member of Howard Chapter No.
14, and with his wife is a member of the Los Gatos
Chapter No. 128, O. E. S. He also belongs to San
Jose Commandcry No. 10, K .T., and is a life mem-
ber of Islam Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine
in San Francisco. He is a Republican in all pref-
erences as to national political affairs, but believes
thoroughly in nonpartisan support of the best men
and the best measures in order to get the desired-for
unity in the community. He is fond of hunting, and
is an expert at the sport; so that when the pressure
of medical or surgical work does not confine him
to his well-appointed office over Green's Pharmacy,
he is abroad with gun and game bag, both of which
he knows how to use to advantage.

LOUIS P. COOPERS.— Prominent in the busi-
ness circles in San Jose, Louis P. Coopers is also a
native son, having been born in this city on Novem-
ber 2j, 1866. He is one of eight children, five of
them still living, that were born to Edmond and
Mary (Brady) Coopers, numbered among the earli-
est settlers of San Jose. The father was a native of
Belgium, born in 1834, and while living in his native
country was sent to the schools of his town and
afterwards was in the employ of the customs serv-
ice until he decided to strike out for America with
some friends, who declared their intention of going
to California. Leaving home at the age of seven-
teen, Mr. Coopers spent six months in making the
trip to San Francisco, having come around Cape
Horn in a sailing vessel and arriving at his destina-
tion during the year 1851. He immediately went
to the mines on the Yuba and Feather rivers and
was fortunate in making good money, averaging about
$35 per day. At that time everything was high in
price — a meal of ham and eggs costing $1.50 — so his
money came easily and went the same way. In 1854
the j'oung emigrant came to San Jose in his wander-
ings over this part of the state, then he went south
to Los Angeles and San Bernardino, investigating
the opportunities before locating. He was so well
satisfied with San Jose that he returned here in 1855,
and thereafter this was his home and the scene of his
activities until his death.

Mr. Coopers engaged in the butcher business on
Market Street on the present site of the post office,
V. orking for Peter Reeve for a time, then he began
driving a butcher wagon for himself, after which
decided he would try ranching and bought forty acres
m The Willows, on Willow Street, what is now kno\Yn
as the Keesling Place. This was covered with wil-
low trees and these he grubbed out and began setting
cut one of the first orchards in this section. As
an experiment he set out various kinds of fruit and
vines and found the soil adapted to their rapid
growth. He spent about five years on the ranch and
decided he was not cut out for a farmer and sold
his property and moved back into town and em-
barked in business with M. Blanchard, who had a
butcher shop on Market and Post streets. This part-
1 ership continued until 1881, when Mr. Coopers sold
(Ut and opened a place of his own. The Coopers'
Meat Market was located on First Street, between
San Antonio and San Fernando streets, for thirty
years and Mr. Coopers had the satisfaction of assist-
ing in the growth of the city and as a consequence
he profited by it as he built up a good trade.

It was in 1864 that Mr. Coopers was united in
marriage in San Jose, with Miss Mary Brady. She
was born in Ireland and had come to America and
lived in Boston for a time, then came to California,
crossing the Isthmus of Panaina, in company with an
older sister and they settled in San Jose. It was in
this city that their eight children were born and edu-
cated and here both parents passed to their last rest-
mg place surrounded by a host of friends who knew
them for their true worth as citizens. Mr. Coopers
died in 1901 and his wife in 1913, aged seventy-four.
Louis P. Coopers attended the public schools in
San Jose and at the age of fourteen went into the
shop to work for his father and from the bottom of
the ladder he gradually climbed until in 1900, on ac-
count of his father's illness, he took over the
butcher business and carried it on alone until 1913,

HISTORY OF SANTA CFARA COUNTY

85,3

when it was incorporated and his brother, Joseph 1!.
was taken into partnership, becoming secretary of
the new concern, while Louis P. is the president and
manager. As their business increased they added to
their number of employees until they now have ,six.
The Coopers' Market at 85 South Second Street,
where they moved in 1908, is one of the most sanitary
as well as busiest shops in the city and they handle
only the very best of meats and prompt and courteous
treatment is accorded all patrons.

The marriage of Louis P. Coopers and Miss Laura
M. Dewart was celebrated in Gilroy in 1900, the
bride being a native of that city, whither her parents
had settled upon coming to California. Of their
union two daughters have been born, Marie Louise
and Agnes Lorraine. Mr. and Mrs. Coopers are
popular in their social circle in San Jose and have
many friends. Mr. Coopers is a member of the San
Jose Chamber of Commerce; the Commercial Club
and the Merchants Association and fraternally he be-
longs to the Y. M. I., where he is one of the charter
members. He is public spirited and gives his sup-
port to all worthy movements for the advancement
of the social and cominercial interests of city and
county. The family are members of St. Joseph's
Catholic Church.

HO"WARD IRVIN MABURY.— A worthy repre-
sentative of one of the old pioneer families of Santa
Clara County is Howard Irvin Mabury, the hustling
proprietor of the Empire Wet Wash Laundry at San
jose, one of the best organized and best managed in-
dustrial establishments of its kind in the entire state.
He was born on Mabury Road, named in honor of
his father, on September 23, 1876, the son of Frank
Howard and Helen A. (Cadwell) Mabury, who came
from Jettersonville, Ind.. and Deerfield, 111., respec-
tively, the Cadwell family journeying to California
by way of the Isthmus of Panama in June, 1868.
They both came to California when young and were
married. Air. and Mrs. Mabury settled early in Santa
Clara County, where they grew to be large land-
owners and exerted an enviable influence because of
their progressive ideas and methods. They had three
children, Howard I., Mrs. Laura Nevada Taylor
and Florence Mabury Earnshaw, living in Oklahoma
City, Okla , and Seattle, Wash., respectively. Mr.
Mabury died in 1909, and Mrs. Mabury passed away
m 1914. Both parents were of that sterling type
which has always been found most desirable for the
building up and the upbuilding of a great country.

Howard attended the Grant public school and later
mastered an excellent course in a first-class business
college; and ov/ing to his rather delicate health, he
took up laundry work with H. S. Kelley. He com-
menced with the delivery wagon, which enabled him
to remain outdoors, and at the end of six years in
that field, he went to Fresno and during 1905-06 was
with the telephone company there. Returning to San
Jose he served the telephone company here for a
time, then went with the St. James Laundry.

In 1912 Mr, Mabury started his present laundry
embarking on the enterprise with partners, each of
whom in time he brought out, so that now he is the
sole owner of the institution which San Jose points
to with pride. Only wet wash is handled, but there
IS enough of this to keep ten experienced men busy
all the time. Public-spirited to an exceptional de-
gree, and deeply interested in all that pertains to the
welfare of Santa Clara County as well as the city of

San Jose, Mr. Mabury so conducts his business enter-
prise that it IN in the widest sense beneficial to the
community and its residents.

On April 18, 1905, Mr. Mabury was married to
-Mrs. Laura Billmgsley of Visalia, Tulare County, an
attractne lady who already had two children by her
former marriage. Earl and Claude, both married.
They resided in the same house on North Tenth
Mreet until November, 1920, when they removed to
:07 North Second Street, where Mr. Mabury lived
when he was seven years of age. He belongs to
San Jose Parlor No. 22, N. S. G. W., the Knights of
Pythias and the National Union. As one of the sub-
stantial business men of the city, Mr. Mabury also
belongs to the Chamber of Commerce of San Jose,
m which excellent organization he is always ready
to discharge his full share of the responsibility. He
also belongs to the Laundry Owners' Club of Santa
Clara County, the Laundry Owners' Association of
California, and the Laundry Owners' National
Association.

HENRY M. KERR.— hortunate it is for any citv
when It numbers among its citizens and active' men
of affairs such well-trained, highly-conscientious and
experienced representatives of the professions as
Henry M. Kerr, of the Kerr Abstract and Title Com-
pany of San Jose, a well-maintained concern to
which San Jose repeatedly turns for expert service.
Mr. Kerr is the manager and under his leadership
the company bids fair to expand and to prosper in
keeping with the phenomenal growth of San Jose.

Henry M, Kerr was born in Iowa in June, 1862,
the son of Wilham and Sophia (Keck) Kerr, worthy
and devoted parents, of whom only the mother is
still living; and after finishing with the excellent
public schools of his locality, he enjoyed all the ad-
vantages offered by the up-to-date Elliott's Business
College at Burlington. Having been raised on a
farm, which developed in him an enviable hardihood,
Mr. Kerr followed railroad work for twenty years
\rith success, as agent, operator and traveling freight
and passenger agent, and in 1901 first came to Cali-
fornia. His wide experience enabled him to select
with unerring judgment the city of San Jose as the
most promising center for him, although he did not
actually settle here until 1907; and in the following
year he joined the Garden City Abstract Company,
which had been organized in 1905. He had alreacly
had experience in this line in Butte County, where he
located in the fall of 1901, and at once took up this
vork in Oroville, and he entered upon his work in
San Jose as one of the clerks; and after having been
vice-president of the progressive company, he was
made manager in March, 1919. He continued in this
position until it was sold in June, 1921, then engaged
in business under the present title of the Kerr Ab-
stract and Title Company.

While still in Iowa, Mr. Kerr married, at Don-
nellson. Miss Mary E. Hill, a native of the Hawkeye
State and an accomplished woman well fitted to be
the companion and stimulation of a professional man;
and their union has been rendered happier by the
advent of two children, named Ruby M. and Hazel
M. Kerr, both educated in San Jose, and Ruby M.
is a graduate of Stanford with A.M. and A.B. de-
grees and a teacher in the Santa Clara high school.
The family attend the Presbyterian Church of San
Jose. Mr. Kerr supports heartily the work of the
San Jose Chamber of Commerce and is an adherent

854

HISTORY OF SANTA CL^ARA COUNTY

of the principles of tlie Republican party. He be-
longs to the Maccabees, and finds much of his recrea-
tion in the mountains and in California's wonderful
outdoors. His constant researches into the interesting
historic past of the great Pacific commonwealth and
the highly-favored Santa Clara County and Valley
.stimulate his interest in the California of tlie future,
and it is probable that, although not a native son,
he is second to no more optimistic citizen of San
Jose and confidently believes that a wonderful fate
i.' in store for this section of the state.

HENRIETTA REHOR KRIEG.— A native of
(jerman>', Henrietta (Rehor) Krieg was born at Nas-
sau, August 5, 1846, the daughter of Joseph and
Louisa Rchor. The paternal grandfather was a Ru. -
sian, and went to Germany- to fight against Napo-
leon. The father, Joseph Rehor, was a foundryman
and worked in the foundries of Nassau. Both ]iar-
ents passed away when Henrietta was a small child.
She was educated m the schools of Nassau and re-
ceived a very thorough training. In 1866 she em-
barked for the l.hiited States and settled in Chicago,
III., and engaged in teaching the German lan.guage
in private families and schools. During these years she
studied and became proficient in the English language.
Durin.g the great Chicago fire she lost all of her be-
longings, and becoming homesick to see her native
land she decided to visit her brother Frederick, in
Metz, Germany. Within a few weeks after her arrival
HI Metz, her brother died, and again she set sail for
the United States; later coming to Santa Clara Coun-
t\-, Cal.. and on April 6, 1878, she was united in mar-
riage to Jacob Smith, also a native of Germany, born
March 25, 1825, a son of Jacob and Mary Smith, of
b'rench and Germany parentage, respectively. When he
was four years old, his parents came to New York and
located at Eden, about twent\-five miles from Buffalo
and remained there four years, when they removed to
Hamburg, b'.rie County, where thc>- lived until they
passed away. Jacob Smith, Sr., was a soldier under
Napoleon I for nine years and was past ninety-eighl
years when he died. The>' were the parents of six
children, three sons and three daughters.

Jacob Smith's opportunities for schooling were lim-
ited and he had to \\-ork during the intervals. In the
ff.ll of 1851 he tra\eled over Ohio, Michigan, Indiana
and Illinois, and in the spring of 1852 returned to
New York and came to California via Panama. He
was stricken with the Panama fever and was laid up
for a week, then left for San I'Yancisco, arriving on
June 15, 1852, and for six j-ears he engaged in min-
ing near Hangtown. In 1858 he settled on govern-
ment land and lived on it until 1877, when he re-
moved to Santa Clara County and bou,ght 165 acres
on the Homestead Road. Parts of it were disposed
of until there are now only fort\'-six acres left, all
being set to orchard and vineyard. Mr. Smith passed
away on the home place.

From Mrs. Kreig's home she has a most beautiful
\'iew of the mountains and could not be hap])y awa\'
from it. Her second marriage united her with Engel-
bert Krieg a native of Hesse-Nassau, Germany,
who came to California in early days. Mrs. Krieg
is active in ReQ Cross circles and has also done a
great deal of church work and is a liberal giver
toward the upbuilding of the community and can be
counted upon to , upport all measures for the prog-
nss and prosperity- of her locality.

FRANK STOCK. — For many years on of San
Jose's most successful business men, Frank Stock
IS now enabled to live in comfortable retirement as
a reward of his years' of activity. He was born in
Chicago, Ilk, on June 26, 1854, the son of John and
Susanna (Berg) Stock, and the nephew of Frank
Stock, who broke the ground, so to speak, for the
rest of the family in San Jose, by coming here two
years after the admission of the state to the Union,
when he started a small stove and household fur-
nishing store and was the pioneer in that field in the
city. John Stock followed in two years, arriving in
December, 1854, and the brothers opened a store at
the corner of Santa Clara and Market streets, a short
time before Frank Stock bought the South First
Street lot now occupied by 'VVoolworth's Store and
the Pellerano Drug Store. On that lot he erected the
first brick building seen on that street and there the
brothers removed as soon as possible.

In 1861, John Stock succeeded his brother as the
sole proprietor, and until he retired in 1884, he con-
ducted the business in his own name. In 1869 he
acquired the lot and built the front part of the store
now occupied by his sons, and when he laid aside
active duties, he had the satisfaction of seeing his
three sons, John L., Frank and Peter H. Stock, take
hold of the helm together. John Stock died January
26, 1916, his wife having preceded him March 30,
1889. They were the parents of seven children:
John L. died June 17, 1904; Frank is the subject of
this sketch; Peter H. is the proprietor of The John
Stock Sons; Clara is the wddow of A. H. Marten;
Helena is Mrs. J. P. Martin; Miss Elizabeth Stock
and Mrs. Louise Dore, all residents of San Jose.

In addition to his public school studies, Frank
Stock had the advantage of a period of study at
Santa Clara College, but he said goodbye to the
classroom when he was fifteen and for fifteen years
he ran the finances of the store and such was his
diligence and exactness that he would work at his
desk until the wee sma' hours, if necessary, for it
was his rule never to leave his desk until it was
cleaned up. On February 1, 1884, when the father
retired, the three sons became the proprietors, the
firm then becoming The John Stock Sons. Frank
Stock continued the management and the business
grew steadily, new departments being added until
they had the largest and most complete store in the
county in their line. He remained actively in the
business until 1917, when he sold out to his brother
and retired. He is an original stockholder and di-
rector in the Securit>- Savings Bank of San Jose.
At San Jose, October 21, 1877. Mr. Stock was mar-
ried to Miss Juanita F. Hinkelbein, a native daughter
of San Jose, who received her education at Notre
Dame convent. She is a daughter of Adam and
V'erena (Miller) Hinkelbein, who came to San Jose
in 1855, where Mr. Hinkelbein was one of the early
merchants. Three children were born to Mr. and
Mrs. Stock: Susan is Mrs. W'. H. Ponieroy; George
passed away at the age of fourteen, while Nannie
lived to be only eight months old. The family are
members of St. Mary's Catholic Church. Mr. Stock
is a Republican, has served as a library trustee, be-
longs to the Knights of Columbus, in which he has
taken the fourth degree, and was one of the organ-
izers and directors of the Board of Trade, out of
which grew the present Chamber of Commerce.

I pi^-^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUN^IA'

857

IGNATZ KOHNER.— An indefatigable worker
and an experienced fruit handler, who has very
naturally become successful in one of the most im-
portant fields of Californian agricultural industry,
Ignatz Kohner is content to retain his splendid ranch
for his homestead rather than to accept an advance
of many thousands, in a proffered offer, for its sale.
He lives on the Kifer Road, two miles to the North-
west of Santa Clara; and even at that distance from
town, the well-cultivated and well-managed rancho
draws from afar those ever alert to discover the latest
word in horticultural progress.

He was born in Bohemia on January 15, 1871,
the son of Adolph Kohner, a drygoods merchant
who had married }vliss Mary Epstein; and as the
fourth among seven children, he grew up in Bo-
hemia. ^^"hen he was twenty-one years of age, he
left for America, sailing irom Bremen on the North
German Llo\ d Steamship Line, and landed in New
York; and for six }'ears he stayed in Plainfield,
N. T.. where he clerked in a drj-goods store. One
winter he went back to visit his parents, and upon
returning to the United States the next Spring, in
1S97, he came direct to Santa Clara, Cal., and he has
been here ever since.

He entered the employ of A. Block, a grower
and packer at Santa Clara, and he worked there
steadily for thirteen years while the Block concern
was the largest shipper of .green fruit in the Santa
Clara Valley. He then went with the Pioneer Fruit
Company, at San Jose, and for eleven years he was
a trusted employe, shipping cherries, pears, apples,
and the principal table fruits grown in the great
Santa Clara Valley. He made a second trip to
Bohemia in 1902, and visited his parents. Since
then, his father has died, but his mother is still
living. In New Jerse\-, he was naturalized, to the
day, as soon as the law permitted; hence his re-
turn, each time, to America was with a peculiar
feeling of satisfaction. Now he owns an exception-
ally fine pear and prune orchard of thirty-five acres,
which he bought from Grandin Bray in December,
1919, and such is its appreciated value, that he has
been offered more than $25,000, above its cost to him,
should he care to sell. He now devoted all of his
time to care and management of his orchards and
carrying out his plans for the shipment of his fruit.

In 1906 jNIr. Kohner was married at Santa Clara
to Miss Olga Kohner. a lady of the same name, but
of no relation to him, who was also born in Bo-
hemia. She was the daughter of Phillip and The-
resa (Hermann) Kohner, large farmers, and her
father was a capitalist, connected with the Bourse
in Vienna. Olga Kohner was educated in the city
of Pilsen and was graduated from a ladies' semi-
nary and business college there. Her uncle, Abra-
ham Block, \cas a pioneer of Santa Clara, and she
also had a sister here, Mrs. Max Kohner, so in April,
1906, she crossed the ocean and came here on a
visit, where she met Mr. Kohner, the acquaintance
resulting in their marriage. They have two children,
Herbert Walter and Helen Doris.

Mr. Kohner was made a Mason in 1900 in Liberty
Lodge No. 299, F. & A. M.; he is a member of
Howard Chapter No. 14, R. A. M., of Santa Clara;
and of True Fellowship Lodge No. 238, I. O. O. F.
of Santa Clara, of which he is past grand, and is
past chief patriarch of Santa Clara Encampment and

past captain of Canton No. <). Patriarchs Militant,
and with his wife is a member of Rcbckahs. He also
belongs to the Woodmen of the World, the Cali-
fornia Prune i.S; Aiiricot Association, and the
California Pear Growers .Association.

JOSEPH T. BROOKS.— In the front rank of
those whose foresight, activity and optimism have
meant much for the continued prosperity of the Gold-
en State undoubtedly stands Joseph T. Brooks, a
councilman of' the City of San Jose, and also of the
field department of the California Prune and Apricot
Association. He was born at St. Louis, Mo., on
Washington's birthday, 1865, the son of Johnston
Brooks, who had married Miss Susan Briggs, natives
of Ireland and (^,recnville. 111., respectively. His
father came to St. Louis, ilo., when a boy in his
'teens. He became a ^^•ell-known contractor in that
Missouri metropolis until his death there. They had
four children, and Joseph was the youngest in the
famil\'. He \vcut first to the grammar school, and
then to the excellent high school in St. Louis, but
perhaps he got the most, in his educational growth,
out of the school of hard experience. At an early
age he engaged in printing and publishing, and was
fortunate to associate himself with J. H. Chambers
at St. Louis. He then ran a branch office in Chicago
for a year, and also for three months an office at
Atlanta, Ga., and for five j-cars he was a corre-
spondent, with headquarters at St. Louis.

Coming out to Santa Cruz, Cal., in 1890, Mr.
Brooks embarked in the hotel business, removing to
San Jose in 1899. For two and a half years he
managed the Vendome Hotel. His exceptional abil-
ity as a good executive having become recognized,
he was drawn into Chamber of Commerce work,
and for thirteen and one-half years was the secre-
tary of the San Jose Chamber of Commerce. He
worked hard, with the single idea of building up that
organization so valuable to the city, and his hard,
intelligent work bore the best of fruit, the Cham-
ber of Commerce expanded and grew by leaps and
bounds, and now" his services are recognized as most
efficient in the field department of the California
Prune and Apricot Association.

.\t Oakland on September 12, 1900, :Mr. Brooks
was married to Miss Estclla B. Ede, a native of
Plumas County. Cal.. and the daughter of Stephen
and Ellen Ede. Two children have blessed this
union; and they bear the attractive names of Phillip
and Bernice.

In ^lay, 1920, Mr. Brooks was elected city coun-
cilman, taking office in July, 1920, for a period of
six years, and he is rendering very valuable serv-
ice. He has made a study of traffic and traffic con-
gestion and was the originator of the safety zone
ordinance and also of the new parking ordinance
which greatly relieves the congestion in the busi-
ness district. Mr. Brooks championed, against much
opposition, the advent of the Western Pacific into
San Jose; in fact in all these years there has not
been a movement that had for its aim the better-
ment of the cit\- and county but Mr. Brooks has
had an active part in putting them over.

A Republican in national politics, Mr. Brooks is
intensely patriotic, and was active during the late
war in all bond and Red Cross drives, some of which
he personally conducted. He was also active in the
American Protective League, connected with the

858

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Intelligence Department of the U. S. government.
As one fond of outdoor life and especially interested
in agriculture, he has done much to advance the de-
velopment of the horticultural, agricultural and com-
munity interests not only of Santa Clara County,
but of the .commonwealth of California. He is di-
rector and vice-president of the San Jose Chamber
of Commerce and is a charter member of the Com-
mercial Club. He is also an active member of Ro-
tary Club, the San Jose Grange and is repre-
sentative of the Chamber of Commerce and the
board of supervisors of Santa Clara County to the
California Development Board. He is a Knights
Templar Mason and a member of Islam Temple,
A. A. O. N. AI. S., of San l''rancisco, and of the
Elks and Odd Fellows, and in each of these or-
ganizations enjoys a well-earned popularity.

GEORGE W. LYLE.— lixceptionally fortunate in
her long line of wide-awake, intrepid sheriffs whose
patriotism, intelligence, energetic aggressiveness and
personal bravery have added so much to the superb
stature of American manhood, California is at pres-
ent to be congratulated because of a recent accession
to the shrievalty officers' ranks in the person of the
accomplished, public-spirited and popular sheriff of
Santa Clara Count}-, George \V. Lyle of San Jose.
A native of ilissouri, he was born at St. Louis on
August 14, 1885, and grew up in that bustling metrop-
olis of the Louisiana Purchase at a time when the
traditions of such men as Fremont, the Chouteaus.
Blair, Schurz, Shaw and Eads still inspired youth and
infused life on the itississippi with largeness of spirit,
and when Pretorious, Francis, Lehman, Simmons,
Busch and others were pointing the way to still great-
er accomplishments. His father was Phillip Lyle, and
his mother, before her marriage, was Ella Hansberry;
they were blessed with three children, and among
these our subject was the oldest child.

Having progressed through the usual courses of
the excellent public schools in St. Louis, and finished
the high school curriculum there brought to such a
high standard by William Torrj' Harris, afterwards
\J. S. Commissioner of Education, George Lyle at-
tended the famous Christian Brothers College in St.
Louis, one of the finest Roman Catholic institutions
in America, owing much of its material prosperity to
the St. IjOuis philanthropist, John O' Fallon, who
spent more than $LOOO,000 for local benevolent pur-
poses, gave to Catholic science $100,000, and, in his
broad-mindedness, also gave liberally to the non-
sectarian Washington L^niversity. Mr. L\'le was thus
well-equipped to go out in the vorld; and it is not sur-
prising that he succeeded in all of the several and
varied enterprises into which, as a young man yet
uncertain of his desired-for goal, he threw himself.

In 1902, he formed the lucky resolution to move
West, and to move immediately; and the same year
his bright star guided him into Santa Clara County.
For twelve years he was constable, having been
elected for four terms; and in 1918, he was chosen
by popular vote for the more responsible office of
sherifT, — his good record for faithful, unselfish serv-
ice undoubtedly playing an important role. Indeed,
his election was far more than an ordinary tribute, for
he was supported in his candidacy on a nonpartisan
ticket. He has always been a "man above party,"
and this may be one of the secrets of his unusual
influence and success. In addition to the thorough

discharge of his official duties, Mr. Lyle is a live
member of the Chamber of Commerce,

In June, 1910, Mr. Lyle was married at Santa Cruz
to Miss Ora Van Curen, of Elmira, Solano County,
Cal., a talented lady who has proven just the help-
mate desired by a man of his laudable ambition and
temperament; and to this union have been born two
children, bright, promising boys named, respectively,
George and Robert. Mr. and Mrs. Lyle and family
enjoy the highest esteem of all who know them in
San Jose and elsewhere, and Mr. Lyle is not only
popular with his associates in office, but he is a
favorite in the circles of the Elks, Woodmen of the
World, the Commercial Club and Chamber of Com-
merce, in which organizations he is a member.

JAMES A. LAFFEY.— A ranch superintendent
who is not only a man of valuable experience, but
has proven an executive of exceptional foresight and
initiative, is James A. Laffey, the superintendent of
the California Packing Corporation's ranch at Milpi-
tas. He was born at San Jose on August 15, 1880,
the son of Michael and Elizabeth (McCormick)
Laff^ey, and grew up full of the California spirit, his
mother's mother, Ann McCormick, having come
into the Golden State about the time of its entrance
into the L'nion. She is still living at San Jose,
at the ripe old age of ninety-two, — abundant evi-
dence, if any were needed, of the beneficent effects
of the California climate upon those advancing in
years. Michael Laffey came to California from
County Mayo, Ireland, about 1870, and as he was
a butcher, he engaged with Gus Wendt, Sr., in the
retail meat trade. He died in 1909, at the age of
sixt}--one, survived fi.v his widow, who still makes
her home at Sa Jose.

James Laff^ey attended the Orchard School, and
then went to St. Joseph's College, and at thirteen
years of age he started out into the world to do for
himself. For five years he worked for the Ogier
brothers on their ranch, and then he spent about an
equal length of time in the R. D. Fox nursery, a
ranch of some 300 acres devoted to the raising of
fruit and ornamental trees. He then leased his
grandmother Ann McConnick's place on the Gish
Road and farmed for two years, where J. C. Mc-
Cormick, his grandfather, had invested in the land
and made his home.

In 1907, Mr. Laffey accepted a position with the
California F'ruit Canners' Association, with which
company he remained until and after it became the
California Packing Corporation. He worked on the
Milpitas ranch, and for the last fifteen years he has
been ranch superintendent for the company at Mil-
pitas. This ranch, comprises 1680 acres, and is the
largest single acreage known in the world that is
devoted exclusively to the growing of sugar peas for
canning. The company puts up six sizes of peas,
from the tiny sifted to the larger size. A Republican
in matters of national political import, Mr. Laffey
works for the stimulation and steadying of trade,
and he also lends himself, in the most admirably
nonpartisan manner, to the promotion of the best
interests of the community.

At San Jose, on January 12, 1912, Mr. Laffey was
married to Mrs. Winifred Monroe Lewis, a native of
Sierra County, Cal, and the daughter of C. C. and
Fannie (Chandler) Monroe, the father, late of the San
Jose police force, while her uncle was Police Captain

Or.

Av^^^rJl

HISTORY UI' SANTA LXARA C(JLJNTY

861

J. A. ^Monroe. Mrs. Lewis already had a daughtur,
Maude Frances Lewis, who graduated as a trained
nurse from the Santa Clara County Hospital at San
Jose, a member of the class of '21. Mr. and Mrs.
Laffey make their home on a part of tlie C. P. C.
ranch, and it is needless to say that where they re-
side, there is true California hospitality. Fraternally,
Mr. Laffey is a member of the Elks.

VOLNEY AVERILL.— A man who gave his best
effort tor the preservation of the Union and has also
done much to improve and build up the horticultural
uidustry in Santa Clara County is \ olney Averill, a
native of Vermont, born near Highgate Springs,
Franklin Comity, August 12, 1847, a sou of ilark
Richard and Adah (Durrin) Averill, both natives of
\'ermont who lived on their New England home-
stead until 1852, when they removed to Whiteside
County, 111., and were farmers near Prophetstowii
until they retired and their demise occurred there.

Of their eight children, \'olney is sixth and the
only one now living. Like the farmer boys of that
day, he assisted his parents on the farm wliile at-
tending the public school near by. Thus his edu-
cation was not neglected. However, his patriotism
w'as stirred to such an extent that, having obtained
his father's consent, he left his books and enlisted in
October, 1864, in Company B, Thirty-fourth Illinois
\"olunteer Lifantry and was sent south in a detach-
ment of the Fourteenth and Twentieth Army Corps he
took part in the battle of Nashville under General
Thomas, after which he guarded the l)loek house
near Chattanooga until March, 1865, when he was
sent with others via Washington to Wilmington, N.
C, joining his regiment in Sherman's Army at Golds-
boro, N. C. After the military operations were over
he marched to Washington, and had the pleasure of
taking part in the Grand Review. After this he was
stationed at Louisville, Ky., until he received his
honorable discharge, July 12, 1865, being mustered
out at Chicago, 111., July 17, of that year, still under
18 years of age. He attended school that winter in
Sterling, III, then spent a year working on a farm,
when he went to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, as traveling
salesman for an agricultural implement house for two
years and then spent a year as a clerk in their store.

In the fall of 1869 he came to California, living in
the Santa Cruz Mountains where he was employed
on a ranch for a year and then returned to Iowa
and engaged in farming for two years — but the call
of California and its splendid climate was too strong,
so in the spring of 1873 he returned to Santa Clara
County and immediately took up ranch work in the
Santa Cruz Mountains.

On June 2, 1873, Mr. Averill was married to Miss
Alice Schultheis, who was born on the old Schul-
theis ranch on the summit in this county, a daughter
of Martin Schultheis, a pioneer, who with his wife
Susan (Byerly) Schultheis, crossed the plains in an
ox-team train in the early fifties and located in the
mountains above Lexington and there reared their
trtmily, becoming successful farmers and valued citi-
zens. In 1874 Mr. Averill bought fifteen acres
which he cleared and set out to orchard and as he
prospered he bought land adjoining until he owned
75 acres, 35 acres being devoted mostly to French
prunes. His orchard lies well to the summit, on the
Santa Cruz and Santa Clara County line, his resi-
dence being in the latter county. Mr. Averill was

one among the first to engage in raising prunes for
commercial purposes in his section, and he has been
a close student of conditions of soil and climate, and
has cared for his orchard in the most scientific way.

Mr. ,-iik1 Mrs. ANerill's union was blessed with
seven children: Anna, Mrs. Flynn, passed away, leav-
ing three children; I'reil resides in Seattle; Mrs.
Mamie Piper died le.ixing one child, as did Mrs. Flor-
ence Banich at her death; Bessie, Mrs. Romes, lives
near Palo Alto. Alice assists her mother to preside
over the house; Arthur l\. owns the home ranch, is
married and has two children. Mr. Averill is a popu-
lar member of l\. O. C. Ord. Post 82 G. A. R. at Los
Gatos, and is a stanch Republican.

THOMAS MAHER.— Living in the midst of the
fine prune orchards of the Santa Clara Valley, Thom-
as Maher and his family reside in comfort on the
thirty-acre ranch, known as "Fairfax Farm," on the
San Francisco highway near Mountain View. One
of the old settlers of the Golden State, Mr. Maher
has been a resident of California since 1864. He was
born October 14, 1851, at Freeport, Stephenson Coun-
ty, 111., his parents, Michael and Ann (Ryan) Maher,
both being natives of Ireland. The father, a hard-
working farmer, was wont to supplement his income
by working in .the lead mines near Galena, 111., and
in Lafayette County, Wis., and it was while working "
at the latter place that he died, leaving a widow
and eight children — seven boys and one girl — to face
life without him. To add to their hardships, the
Civil War broke out and two of the older boys, Ed
and Steve, enlisted and served for three years. Ed
Maher now resides at Parsons, Kans., and was for-
merly sheriff" there, while Steve Maher is a contrac-
tor at Colton, Cal. The only daughter is Mrs. Maria
Anderson of Sacramento. After the sons returned
from the army, the family decided to come to Cali-
fornia, crossing the plains when Thomas Maher was
only twelve years old. They settled at Michigan Ear
in Amador County and all seven of the boys went
to mining. It was hard v.'ork and the educational
advantages were decidedly meager in that typical
placer mining camp, but they managed to get along.
Thomas saved a part of his earninigs, and while yet
in his 'teens, went to San Francisco where he be-
came engaged in the furniture business, continuing
there for forty years, and at the same time conduct-
ing a transfer business.

While living there Mr. Maher was married to Miss
Mary DuPont, born in San Francisco, the daughter
of Francis and Rosalie DuPont, who came from
France to San Francisco in the early '50s. The
father was employed as foreman on the Fairfax Farm
in Marin County, and was living there at the time
Mrs. Maher was born. Five children have been born
to Mr. and Mrs. Maher: Anita, Charles; Ada, the
wife of Mortimer Samuels, the owner of Fairfax
Farm; Dennis; Jewell, the wife of Wm. Hopkins, in
business in San Francisco; and Florence; she, as well
as Mrs. Hopkins, have scored successes on the music-
al comedy stage. A twin sister of Mrs. Hopkins
passed away some years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Maher
have made their home on the ranch since 1915, en-
joying the quiet comforts and beautiful surroundings
of' this vicinity. Mr. Maher gives his time to super-
intending the cultivation of the thirty acres of Fair-

S62

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

fax Farm, which contains one of the finest and most
productive apricot orchards of its size in the Santa
Clara Valley. The members of the Maher family
adhere to the Roman Catholic faith.

PHILIP G. SHEEHY.— Those who have watched
the career of Philip G. Sheehy in its unfolding have
noted the steady progress that he has made as a
member of the bar in the handling of important
ligitatcd interests. At the present time he is senior
member of the firm of Sheehy and Helwig, expert
accountants, of San Jose. He was born near Watson-
ville, Santa Cruz County, in May, 1872, and is the
son of John and Ellen (Bowen) Sheehy. The father
came to California in the year 1852 by way of the
Isthmus of Panama; here he engaged in mining and
later followed farming as a pioneer of the Pajaro
\'alle\'. During the year of 1895 the family removed
to San Jose, where the father passed away in 1908.
'Ihe mother still resides in San Jose; she also crossed
the Isthmus on mule back.

^Ir. Sheehy liegan his education in the public
schools of Santa Clara; upon graduation lie entered
the Hastings Law School where he spent one year;
in 1900 he was admitted to the California bar and to
(he Federal Court in 190J. For eight years he served
the city of Watsonville as city attorney,, and from 1913
to 1919 he was deputy internal revenue collector for
'.i.x of the central coast counties. At the end of this
time, he formed his present partnership with Mr.
Helwig. Their ])usiness relations have been con-
lenial and they are counted among the successful
])usiness men of San Jose.

Mr. Sheehy's marriage on October 10, 1905, united
him with Miss Loretta Freiermuth and they have
five children: I{llen, Rose Marie, Philip G. Jr., Anita
and John J. Air. Sheehy adheres to the principles
advocated in the idatform of the Democratic party.
Fraternally he is a member of the Woodmen of the
World, and is also a member of the Chamber of
Commerce and the Hundred Per Cent Club. F'ond
of the great outdoors, he spends as much time in the
open as his busy life will allow. He is a broad-
minded, puljlic-spirited man and citizen of fertile
ideas and boundless energies, and that which he has
won only presages a future of continued efforts and
ccnsef|uent success,

JAMES B. LEAMAN. — An enterprising man of
affairs, whose anticipation of tlie needs of the com-
munity lias not only resulted in marked public serv-
ice but has enabled him to do well for himself, is
James B. Teaman, the proprietor of the Red Star
Laundry Compan\-, and who, until March 1, 1922,
maintained one of the highest grade vapor dry-clean-
ing establishments in the state. He was born at San
Jose on March 21, 1890, thus commencing life luck-
ily- as a native son. and his father was James B. Lea-
man, who came to California in the historic year of
'49. traveling by way of Panama, then returned East,
and the next year came back to tlie Golden State by
way of the great plains. He was the sheriff of Yuba
County, and later the Collector of the Port of San
Francisco; and as early as 1887, he settled here and
was highly estee'med as an experienced, retired capi-
talist. In 1890 he established the Red Star Laundry,
trom the management of which he retired just
twenty years later. On April 11, 1911, he passed
a«'ay, leaving behind the most enviable record of use-

fulness. He married Miss Mary B. Harmon, and
as an accomplished woman devoted to her husband's
memory, she has survived him to this day.

James B. Leaman, Jr., enjoyed the usual advantages
of a grammar and high school education, and for a
while was a student at Stanford University. Then
he studied law for a couple of years. He attempted
to conduct the laundry and cleaning business while
still studying, but soon found that he could not carry
on the two, and hence left the university for the
counting room. The Red Star Laundry has an ever
increasing business in which are employed sixty-
eight persons: and sucli has been his success in the
past, due to the generous, appreciative patronage of
the local public that his business had quadrupled since
he took charge. He never fails to demonstrate his
live interest in the welfare of Santa Clara County; is
a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and served
three terms as a director; is a director of the Rotary
Clul.); belongs to the Commercial Club and the
Country Club.

At San Jose, on October 25, 1913, Mr. Leaman was
married to Miss Margaret Shillingsburg, a native of
California, and they have two children, Margaret and
Robert, Mr. Leaman is a thirty-second degree Scot-
tish Rite Mason and a Shriner, a Native Son of the
Golden West, an Elk, and he is fond of fishing and
hunting, and of outdoor life in general. In national
politics he is a Republican.

PETER STOCK. — An enterprising business man
of wide experience, is Peter Stock, the genial pro-
prietor of The John Stock Sons Hardware Store, so
long an emporium not only for the people of San
Jose but for Santa Clara County as well. He was
born in San Jose at what is now the entrance to the
Ryland Block, the son of John Stock, whose name, as
far back as 1854, represented the pioneer stove store.
An uncle, h'rank Stock, had really settled in San Jose
n^ 1852, when he started a small stove and iron store,
the first of its kind in tlic place; and two years later
his ])rother John joined him, coming from Chicago,
Their store was situated on Market Street; and a
short time afterward Frank Stock bought a lot on
F'irst Street, the present site of the Woolworth Store
and Pellerano Drug Store, and erected the first brick
building in F'irst Street, into which they then moved.

In 1861 John Stock bought his ])rother's interests,
and from that time until lie retired, he carried on the
business in his own name. Meanwhile, he bought the
lot and built the front part of the store now occupied
by John vStock Sons, and into this he moved in 1869.
In 1884 John Stock retired, succeeded by his sons,
John L-, Frank and Peter H. Stock. On April I,
1898, he lost his devoted wife, whose maiden name
was Susanna Berg; and on January 27, 1916, he
passed away. This worthy- couple had seven children,
among whom Peter is the youngest son.

He enjoyed both grammar and high schood ad-
vantages, and at the age of eighteen entered the
business with his father. In 1884 he joined his
brothers in succeeding his father, enlarging the busi-
ness. The firm became The John Stock Sons and
111 1919 Peter Slock became sole proprietor.

At San Jose, in the year 1885, Mr, Stock was mar-
ried to Miss Elizabeth O'Brien, a native of Boston,
Mass., and like himself a member of St. Joseph's
Catholic Church; and their union has been blessed
!)>■ four children. Clara has become Mrs. Melehan;

HISTORY OF SANTA CI,ARA COUNTY

865

Hazel married Jay Jones; and Evelyn is Mrs. Adrian
Anderson. Geneva, the third in order of birth, is at
home. There are also eisht Rrandchildren, — four
boys and four girls. Mr. Stock is a member of the
Chamber of Commerce and Merchants' Exchange.

CHARLES C. LESTER.— A scientific orchardist
who well represents twentieth century progress in
California in this important field of agricultural in-
dustry, is Charles C. Lester, who was born near
Norwich, Conn., on January 9, 1881, the son of Amos
Lester, who first saw the light in the historic town
of Ledyard. in New London County, Conn., on De-
cember 0, 1839. The Lesters settled in New London al-
most as early as did the Ledyards, for whom the
town was named; and the paternal grandfather, after
whom Amos Lester was named, was probably born
in Ledyard and died there in 1842, aged sixty-six
years. His old homestead housed three generations
of the family, and there Isaac A., his son, and Amos,
his son's son, entered into the Lester family circles,
the former having been born on the first anniversary
of the inauguration of James ^Madison, in 1810. Isaac
Lester joined another well-known Colonial family of
New London County, by marrying Mary Chapman,
who was born in Ledyard on March 12, 1815, a daugh-
ter of the farmer, Ichabod Chapman.

Amos was the eldest of two daughters and nine
sons born to Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Lester, and before
he migrated to California in 1861, he graduated from
the New Britain Normal School and taught school in
Connecticut for a few terms. Settling in Napa Coun-
ty, he met with onh' varying success on his first
ranch, and he returned in 1866 to his old home in
New London County, locating at Norwich. Two
years later, on May 28. he was united in marriage
with Carrie G. Spicer. a native of Ledyard, where
she was born on May 28, 1850, so that their marriage
took place on the bride's birthday. She was the
daughter of Judge Edmund Spicer, who was born
in Ledyard in 1812 and died in 1890, completing a
very creditable career as a probate jurist of his na-
tive town. In 1890, the lure of the great West again
drew Amos Lester to California; and after putting
in a year near San Jose, where he had an interest in
twenty-five acres of orchard with two brothers, he re-
moved to the home in time so widely known as the
Lester place, four miles southeast of Gilroy. He
bought 463 acres which he brought under a high state
or cultviation, and came to make a specialty of horti-
culture. He followed only the most scientific, up-to-
date methods, and thus he vi'as able to attain an en-
viable financial standing in the community, represent-
ed by his former participation, as a director, in the
Napa Bank. Long a member of the Presbyterian
Church, he became an honored elder there; and
having joined the ranks of the Republican Party in
the second administration of Abraham Lincoln, he
became one of the patriotic citizens whose counsel
was often sought by the leaders of the G. O. P.
Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Amos
Lester; and besides Charles C, the subject of this
sketch, John S., Minnie B. and Milton M. came to
live on the home ranch, while another son, Henry
W., settled in San Jose. An infant son and a
daughter. Mary, and another son, Amos Everett, died
in Connecticut.

Charles C. Lester was reared and schooled in the
Down East State of his forefathers, and when nine

years of age acconi|)anie(l his parents to California.
He attended the Willow Glen School and later was
graduated from the San ^'sidro public school. From
boyliood, he had his share to do of the chores about
the farm, and at the age of twenty, he struck out on
his own resources, and in 1901 leased the home place
from his father, twenty-five acres of which had been
set to prunes in 1892. In 1904 he acquired the
ranch by purchase, and farmed it to hay and grain,
while also conducting a dairy, and for about eight
years he operated the Lester Cheese Factory at Gil-
roy. .As he became more and more interested in
fruit culture he bought, in June, 1917, 200 acres lo-
cated one mile nearer Gilroy than the home place;
eighty acres of this was in prunes, fifty acres in
bearing, and twenty acres in apricots, at time of
purchase. He set to work with his customary en-
ergy and planted the balance to prunes. In 1916, with
some associates, Mr. Lester bought the Pacheco
Ranch of 551 acres and as manager of the cor-
poration he began developing the place. In 1917
he purchased the interests of the others and now-
is sole owner; that same year — 1916 — he bought 100
acres on the Pacheco Road, near the home place,
and this he has set to prunes. It was in 1919 that
he and Hon. H. S. Hersman bought from Miller
& Lux Estate 120 acres now known as the Hersman-
Lester orchard on South Monterey Road. On this
tract is one of the best orchards in the county; in
1919 the yield reached 800 tons of green fruit from
ninety acres of prune trees, the balance of the trees
being apricots, and 375 tons of dried prunes.

The attraction of the Pacheco ranch, where there
arc 38,000 trees, affords a wonderful vista in blos-
som time, but demands the highest developed or-
ganization and the utmost industry in harvesting the
crops. The planting of this ranch was accomplished
under heavy odds and at great expense in 1916-17,
when Mr. Lester lived at the ranch eighteen months
and supervised 100 men in the huge task of first
clearing the land of trees and stumps. In 1918 he
had a bumper crop of tomatoes, for he had set out
275.000 plants between the trees; the yield was im-
mense, some 4,000 tons of tomatoes being gathered
and sent by truck to the California Packing Cor-
poration at San Jose, transportation requiring the
service of ten trucks. The heavy rains at that period,
the first known for that season of the year for a
period of fifty years, destroyed more than twice that
amount, as the ground was saturated with water for
ten days. About fifteen per cent of his total acre-
age of prunes are of the Imperial variety, the bal-
ance being French prunes. To get a fair idea of
the extent of Mr. Lester's operations, one can well
afford, when motoring through this district, to tarry
long enough to inspect these orchards. He has
long surrounded himself with men of superior caliber
as his lieutenants and he has tw-cnty men regularly
employed on his ranches and at special seasons
that number runs into three figures. ]Mr. Lester util-
izes only the most modern of machinery on his
ranches and has ever been at the fore in his field
of agricultural enterprise because, by the hardest work
and unremitting attention, at much cost to him per-
sonally, he has mastered and assured every detail.
It is said that Mr. Lester is one of the largest in-
dividual growers of prunes in California, a fact of
wdiich Santa Clarans may well be proud. Always

866

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

alive to the interests of his locahty he assists in all
movements for the public good and is serving as a
member of the city council of Gilroy. In 1914, in
connection with Hon. H. S. Hersman and E. R.
Green, Mr. Lester increa.sed the capital stock of the
First National Bank of (iilroy from $25,000 to $75,-
000 and served as a director until the bank was
merged with the Garden City Bank and Trust Com-
pany, becoming the Gilroy branch.

At Gilroy, on Xovember 19, 1914, Mr. Lester was
united in marriage with Miss Henrietta Fieri, a
daughter of Mrs. Mollie Fieri, and the family home
is located at 63 North Eigleberry Street, Gilroy.
Mr. Lester is a member of the B. P. O. Klks of
Watsonville and of the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows at Gilroy. In April, 1921, he was elected
by the growers a member of the voting board of the
California Frune and Apricot Association.

JOHN ROLL.— After many years of faithful serv-
ice in Santa Clara County, John Roll has been re-
elected time and again to the responsible office of
supervisor, while his associates have honored him for
the past four years by selecting him as chairman of
the board. He has served them in that capacity more
than twenty-seven years, being chosen by a large
majority at each election. His mind and heart have
been engrossed in the well-being of the county and
such has been his success in the solution of many
difficult problems that his fellow-citizens more and
more have reposed confidence in him.

The Roll family settled in tlie state of Wisconsin
as early as 1846, being pioneers of the then very
sparsely settled territory and it was there, six years
later, that John Roll was born, receiving his education
in the public schools of his state. After his school
days were over, he was employed at railroading in
Iowa and Minnesota, later, in 1882, removing to Ari-
zona where for eighteen months he followed mining.

In 1884 he removed to Santa Clara, Cal., and for
ten years was employed by the Pacific Manufacturing
Company. During this time he served four years as
a member of the board of trustees of Santa Clara,
thus aiding in securing the municipal water works and
electric light plant for the town. In the year 1894,
he was elected supervisor for the fourth supervisorial
district of Santa Clara County, to which position he
has been reelected each time and is now serving his
seventh term and at the present time is chairman of
the board. Always interested in having good roads
his years of experience in that endeavor have well
qualified him as a judge in that line and he is looked
upon as an authority in road building not only by the
people of his county but throughout the whole state.
The County , Hospital has also received his strong
support and for twenty years he has been at the
head of the hospital committee and it is largely due
to his energy and zeal that Santa Clara today has
one of the finest county hospitals in the state,

Mr. Roll is well and favorably known throughout
the state and was one of the organizers of the State
Supervisors' Association and at the first meeting was
elected treasurer of the association, a position he \vas
honored with by election each year until at the meet-
ing in Sacramento, 1920, w^hen he was elected presi-
dent, the highest honor that could be bestowed on
him and thus he acted as presiding officer for the
accustomed one year.

The marriage of Mr. Roll united him with Miss
Emma M. Runge, also a native of Wisconsin. Five

children have been born to them: Robert I., Julia
deceased; Clara, August E., and John H. The latter
served his country overseas in the World War.
^Ir. and Mrs. Roll also have four grandchildren.
Politically a Democrat, Mr. Roll has served both his
party and his community acceptably and efficiently.
Fraternally he is a Knights Templar Mason and "a
Shriner, being a member of San Jose Commandery
No. 10, K. T., and Islam Temple A. A. O. N. M. S.,
San Francisco, as well as a member of the Odd
Fellows and the Red Men. He is at all times deeply
interested in the welfare of his community and has
never failed to accomplish the duties nearest him
and aided materially in the county's advancement to
a toremost place in the great commonwealth of
California.

THEODORE O. ANDERSON.— One of the pros-
perous and influential horticulturists of Santa Clara
County is found in Theodore O. Anderson of the
Cupertino district, where he is superintendent of the
Carolan property of eighty acres and also is the
owner of valuable property at Sunnyvale and at Oak-
dale, Stanislaus County. Born in Gothenburg, Sweden,
on June 10, 1869, and educated in the good public
schools there, Mr. Anderson made up his mind that
after his school days were over he would seek
broader opportunities in America than were offered
in his native land and accordingly, in 1888 he came
to this country, remaining for two years at Erie,
Pa. In 1890 he arrived in California and set about
looking for a location that suited him. He spent the
first six months in Fresno and found the climate very
hot and then, having heard of the Santa Clara Val-
ley, came to San Jose and ever since this county has
been his home.

After working about on ranches for a few months
Mr. Anderson bought a tract of land in 1892, in the
Cupertino district and ever since that date he has
been interested in the fruit business. He set out
part of his land to various kinds of fruit as an experi-
ment at first, then found the varieties that were the
most productive and, after selling out, again invested
in fifteen acres at Sunnyvale, which he now owns and
keeps in first-class condition, and which is under a
high state of cultivation. He is a member of the Cali-
fornia Prune and Apricot Association and vitally
interested in the cooperative movements that have
been brought to the notice of the citizens of the coun-
ty. In 1916 Mr. Anderson purchased twenty-four
acres at Oakdale, Stanislaus County, which is also set
to orchard fruits. Although he has interests in other
sections of the state he believes that there is no bet-
ter climate to be found anywhere than in the western
part of Santa Clara County.

In 1912 Mr. Anderson accepted the position of
superintendent of the Francis Carolan ranch on the
Stevens Creek Road in the Cupertino district and
since that time he has devoted a great deal of atten-
tion to improving that beauty spot. He set out the
orchard of some sixty acres, laid out the grounds and
planted the flowers and shrubbery and has met with a
gratifying degree of success in his labors. He brings
to bear a thorough knowledge of the landscape gar-
dener's art and the orchardist's training, and his
efl'orts have been so successful that the property is
now on a self-supporting basis.

The marriage of T. 6. Anderson on February 9,
1921, united him with Miss Minnie Bertha Buckow,
a native daughter, born in Sacramento, whose parents

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

867

were among the early settlers; slie was a trained
nurse prior to her marriage; and shares with her hus-
band the admiration of a wide circle of friends in
their community. Mr. Anderson is a Republican
and fraternally is a member of the Odd Fellows and
the Rebekahs, to which order Mrs. Anderson be-
longs. He is ever ready and willing to assist all
worthy movements for the building up of the county
and his time and attention are concentrated upon
his business activities and his intelligently directed
efforts have been important factors in raising the
horticultural standards of the Santa Clara Valley,
while his public-spirited citizenship and sterling worth
have won for him the respect of all with whom he
has been associated.

ERVE C. STRICKLAND.— As manager of the

Temple Laundry Compan>-, Inc., the largest concern
in this line in the city of San Jose, Erve C. Strickland
is numbered among the progressive business men of
this city. Mr. Strickland was born in Athens, Mich.,
on November 29. 1874, and was the son of C. E. and
Sarah (Cullen) Strickland, who came to California in
1896, locating in Tulare. They now reside in San Jose.

Mr. Strickland attended the public schools in Mich-
igan until 1888, when he removed with his parents
to Augusta, Kan., and later to Topeka, where he
graduated from the Topeka high school, then from
Johnson's Business College in Topeka; thus he ob-
tained a useful training, which served him in good
stead on his entrance into the competition of the
business world. His early inclinations were in the
hne ot merchandising, and he had at different times
four mercantile establishments m the state of Kansas.
In 1897, disposing of his mercantile business, he
came to California. However, on the breaking out of
the Spanish-American War he enlisted in the Twen-
tieth Kansas Volunteer Infantry as a private; being
a musician he became a member of the band and was
advanced to principal musician and later to band-
master. He was with his regiment in their Philip-
pine campaign under General Frederick Funston and
has the honor of having been engaged in every battle
in which the Twentieth Kansas took part, for in that
regiment the members of the band carried arms and
served in the engagements and battles, two members
being killed and five wounded. Mr. Strickland served
as an aide under General Funston and was in the
following engagements: Manila, Febrnarj- 4, 5 and 6;
Caloocan, February 10; defense of Caloocan, Febru-
ary 11 to March 24; Tuliajan River, March 25; Polo
and Maliuta, March 26; Marilao, March 27; Bocaue
and Guguinto, March 29; advance on Malolos, March
.30 and 31; defense of Malolos, April 1 to 24; Bag Bag
River, April 25; Rio Grande, April 26, 27; San Tomas,
May 4; defense of San F'ernando, May 6 to June 8;
battle of Bacolor, Ma3' 24; engagements north of San
Fernando, May 25, and reconnaissance to Santa Rita,
May 25. Returning with his regiment, he was mus-
tered out at the Presidio, at San Francisco, in October,
1899, the regiment going east as a unit to Topeka,
where they were disbanded. Mr. Strickland received
a medal of honor from the State of Kansas and also
one from the IJ. S. Government liy order of a special
act of Congress, and he he also received a letter from
President McKinley.

As a musician, Mr. Strickland began playing in
bands from the age of twelve years, and in time be-
came leader of bands in different parts of Kansas,

until he \v;is director of the celebrated Mid-Continent
Land at Topeka. Alter the Spanish-American War
he became military inslructor and bandmaster at
iiaskell Institute, Lawrence, Kan., a position he filled
.•ibly and well inr two years, when he resigned in
l"(ll to locate in California, iuigaging in the mer-
cmtile Inisiness in San h'rancisco for one year, he
removed to San Luis Obispo, and followed general
contracting until January- 1, 1912, when he came to
San Jose and purchased the Temple Laundry, then
located at Seventeenth and h'.ast Santa Clara streets,
which under his capable management grew to such
proportions that in 1919 they found it necessary to
seek larger cpiarters, and purchased their present
site of seven lots on Fifteenth and St. Johns streets,
extending back to .Sixteenth. Here they erected an
up-to-date building, I00.x260, and also built a garage
and a warehouse, and in 1920 they enlarged it by
building an annex devoted entirely to famil}' wash
service. The whole plant is planned for facility of
service and is equipped with the most modern ma-
chmcry. They employ more than a hundred people
and have steadily grown until it is not only the larg-
est laundry in the county, but is the largest and most
complete plant between San Francisco and Los An-
geles. The Temple Laundry uses sixteen motor de-
livery trucks in their delivery department and cover
the entire valley. Aside from the management of his
large business, Mr. Strickland also finds time to de-
vote to horticulture, in which he is greatly inter-
ested. He owns a fifty-acre pear orchard near Monti-
cello in the heart of the Berryessa Valley, Napa
County, which he developed from a stubble field.

Mr. Strickland is very popular among the business
men of San Jose and belongs to a number of fra-
ternal and business organizations. He is a charter
member of the San Jose Commercial Club and is a
n, ember of the Chamber of Commerce, the One Hun-
dred Per Cent Club, the National Institute of Laun-
drying, the State Laundry Owners' Association, and
is president of the Santa Clara Laundry Owners Asso-
ciation. He is also a member of the Order of Moose,
the Spanish-American War \'eterans and Veterans
of Foreign Wars. In politics he is a Republican.

SAMUEL FREEMAN AYER.— One of the inter-
esting and worthy pioneers who had the welfare of
Santa Clara County uppermost in his mind and heart
was the late Samuel Freeman Aver, who was born
January 23, 1840, his parents, James and Elizabeth
Ayer, at that time being residents of Sackville, New
Brunswick. Samuel Ayer learned the carriage maker
trade in Sackville and in May, 1860, he came to Cali-
lornia by way of Panama. He first located in the
town of Santa Clara, working a few months in the
shop of John Dickson. He then received an ad-
vantageous offer from Abraham Weller of Milpitas,
removing to that place where he was employed in Mr.
Weller's shop until the spring of 1861, when he leased
the shop and set up in business on his own account.

He was married in 1862, his wife being Miss Amer-
ica E. Evans, the accomplished daughter of Josiah
Evans, one of the pioneers of the state and a gentle-
man widely know-n and respected. In 1863 Mr. Ayer
gave up his lease on the old shops and built new
ones of his own, which he conducted successfully until
1868. At this time he purchased a tract of 150 acres
situated a mile east of Milpitas toward the foothills,
and giving up his shops he engaged in agriculture.

<S68

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

In 1875 the supervisorial districts of Santa Clara
County were reorganized, a district Ijeing formed
from the townships of Fremont, Alviso and Milpitas.
An election for supervisor was held in 1876, and Mr.
Ayer became a candidate. The district was Demo-
cratic, but although Mr. Ayer was a Republican he
was elected. He efficiently discharged the duties of
his office and was reelected each time to succeed him-
self, excepting two years when he was not a candi-
date, remaining in office until his death on June 5,
1899; his widow surviving until December 22, 1920.
This worthy couple had a family of nine children,
eight of whom are living: Edith E. of San Jose;
Ethel C. of Oakland; Mrs. C. H. Mitchell of Oak-
land; Mrs. J. L. Ogier and Mrs. Frazer O. Reed,
both of San Jose; Joseph E. and Samuel E. of Sar-
gent, Cal.; Henry M. of San Jose. As a public offi-
cial Mr. Ayer originated and carried to a successful
termination some of the most beneficial measures
of the county government. As a farmer he was al-
ways in the front rank of progress and as a citizen
he was esteemed and respected by all.

FANNIE BONNEY SNITJER.— In the annals of
e^-ents in Santa Clara County the life history of Fan-
nie Bonney Snitjer should be recorded, as it is of
.great interest. A native of Missouri, she was born
in Clark County, the daughter of Joel and Eveline H.
( Worthington) Bonney, born in Maine and Missouri,
respectively. Her grandfather, Edward Worthington.
was married in Kentucky to Miss Elizabeth Wayland,
a native of that state. Tliey drove across the country
to Clark County, Mo., and were the seventh white
family to locate in northeast Missouri, where they
did much to improve the country. Mrs. Snitjer's
great-grandfather, Elijah Wayland, was a native of
Germany, a son of a nobleman, and coming to Virginia
in the early days, served through the Revolutionary
War. The Worthington family were also of Revo-
lutionary stock and members of the family also served
in the Indian wars. Edward Worthington had a
land grant in Kentucky, but moving out to Missouri,
his property in Kentucky was sold for taxes and it
is now the site of Louisville. Joel Bonney came
from Farmington, Maine, to Clark County, Mo.,

V hen he was a young man and there he married Miss
Worthington. He was a graduate M. D. and prac-
ticed medicine in Clark County until the Civil War.
when he located in Quincy, 111., where he practiced
for fifty years. He was a thirty-second degree Scot-
tish Rite Mason, and spent his last days with Mrs.
Snitjer, where he died, being survived by his widow

V ho, at the a.ge of ninety-four, lives with and is ten-
derly- cared for by Mrs. Snitjer. Mr. and Mrs. Bon-
ney had five children: William, a prominent attor-
ney was judge at Fllensburg, Wash., when he passed
away; Oscar was an attorney and a judge of Adams
County, 111., spending his last da_\'s in Quincy; T'an-
nie is Mrs. Snitjer; Joe Laura was the wife of John
W. Lord of Chicago and died in 1921; Dr. Sam-
uel B. Bonney resides in Los Angeles.

Fannie Bonney received her education in the puli-
lic schools and Franklin high school of Quincy, 111.,
then entered La C,range College, La Grange, Mo..
\.herc she finished lier college course. She was mar-
ried at her parents' home in Quincy, 111., to Drikus
Sniticr, who was born in Holland, where he obtained
a good education, being well advanced in his studies
when he came with his parents to St. Louis, Mo..

when fourteen years of age. He secured employ-
ment in the Singer Sewing Machine Company's
plant in St. Louis, where he worked for a few years,
leaving the company to engage in business for himself
in Quincy; later, however, he accepted the position
of manager for the same company in St. Louis.
When he first started to work for this company he
received fifty cents a week and when he left the com-
pany to come to California he was general manager
of the Singer Sewing Machine Company, receiving
^26,000 a year. The family removed to California in
1894 on account of the poor health of Mrs. Snitjer;
for a time they lived in San Jose, but later bought
seventy acres on the Homestead Road set to young
orchard and here Mrs. Snitjer regained her health.
Mr. and Mrs. Snitjer were the parents of five chil-
dren, two of whom grew to maturity, Alice and
I{dwin. Mr. Snitjer was a Republican in his politics,
and fraternally was a Mason and Knight Templar.
He passed away in 1918 at the family home in San
Jose. Mrs. Snitjer has recently purchased a fifty-
acre orange grove at Lindsay, Cal, well irrigated
and in full bearing.

When Mr. and Mrs. Snitjer removed to San Jose
tliey had one child, Alice, who married Albert Arm-
strong, a native of New York, who lost his life in
the service of his country in the Spanish American
War, while a member of Roosevelt's Rough Riders
in Cuba. Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong were the parents
of one daughter, Bonney. Mrs. Armstrong later
married Dr. Richardson Burke of San Jose, who has
since passed away. Mrs. Burke is a very capable
woman and is prominent as a platform lecturer, and
during 1910 she covered the eastern, northern, west-
ern and southern boundaries of the United States in
an automobile on a campaign for woman's suffrage.

Bonney Armstrong was born in San Jose and at-
tended the grammar and high schools there, continu-
ing her education at Hollins, Va., and Columbia
l.'niversity, New York. Her marriage united her with
Elbert J. Brown, who was reared in San Jose and
attended the public schools there. He was first em-
ployed by the W. R. Grace Company and then be-
came purser on the Pacific mail steamer, Peru, from
which he was later transferred to the Newport, and
\'as then appointed agent for the Pacific Mail at
San Jose de Guatemala. While living at San Jose
de Guatemala, Mr. Brown and his fiancee decided not
to wait for his return to the United States. He then
sailed for San Francisco on the Newport and was
met by his future bride, and together they went to
San Jose de Guatemala, having been married on board
the Newport by Captain Yardley. After living in
San Jose de Guatemala for three monthsr Mr. Brown
received a promotion, being transferred to Yoko-
hama, Japan. While residing there, a son, George
Elbert, was born to them. Mr. Brown was later
transferred to Kobe as agent there for the Pacific
ilail Steamship Company, and is now general mana-
ger for the whole Philippine territory, with head-
nuarters at Manila.

Edwin Snitjer married Miss Bertha Quentine of
New Haven, Conn., and tliey have three children-
Frances, Billie, and Louise. He has just perfected a
compound nailing machine for use in packing houses
which has a capacity of 30,000 boxes a day, and is
already being installed in the packing houses at I' res-

-if^

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.AkA CO UN 'J A'

S7i

no tor the raisin crop. Mr. Siiitjcr makes his lu-ad-
quarters in San Francisco.

Mrs. Snitjer superintends her ranclies and sees
that they are properly taken care of. In rehi^nous faith
she is a Baptist, in which church her mother has
been a member for eighty-three years.

JOHN R. CARLO.— A merchant whose unre-
mitting labor and enterprise, together with com-
mendable public-spirit and unimpeachable integrity
have brought tlieir own reward, is John R. Carlo,
of Milpitas, who was born at Horta on the Island
of Fayal, in the Azores, on April 6, 1871, the son of
Manuel and Anna ( Fortado) Carlo, estimable farmer-
folk, in excellent standing in the community in which
they toiled and died. They had a good-sized family,
but John is the only one living of the once happy,
united circle. He attended the public schools at
Horta, and when fifteen years of age came out to
the United States, stopping for a short time at Bos-
ton. Then, in August, 1886, at the beginning of the
great boom here, he came on to California and set-
tled at Warmsprings in Alameda County. There he
again went to school, but having a good chance to
get some work on a farm, he accepted a position
which he held for seven years.

He then farmed a part of the old William Curtain
ranch, on the Downing Road, the part now operated
by J. F. Rose, and only at the end of eight years sold
out his interest, being attracted to Milpitas. Here
he entered into a partnership with Joseph Pashote.
the father of the Pashote Bros., to conduct the
grocery and general merchandise business now under-
taken by the Pashotes, the partners buying out Mr.
Cunha, but in 1908 he sold his interest to Mr. Pa-
shote, and he built another store in Milpitas, which
he has since conducted.

At Milpitas, in January, 1904, Mr. Carlo was mar-
ried to Miss L^na Pashote, the daughter of Joseph
and Mary Pashote, the former an early settler of San
Leandro, where he engaged in farming. The bride
was born in San Leandro, and in the excellent schools
there received her education. Four children have
blessed this union, Mary, John, Alfred and Joseph,
all of whom attend the Milpitas school. In national
political affairs a standpat Republican, and one who
is influential in local councils, Mr. Carlo is popular in
fraternal circles. He is a member of the I. D. E. S.,
and he is secretary of the Milpitas lodge; he is also
secretary of the U. P. E. C. of Milpitas. is the
supreme director of the S. E. S. of Milpitas, and a
charter member of the Milpitas lodge of the Wood-
men of the World.

HENRY D. MATHEWS.— An experienced and
accommodating official, whose dependability is ap-
preciated by all who come in contact with him, is
Henry D. Mathews, a native of New York City,
where he was born April 11, 1845. His parents
were James H. and Mary Elizabeth (Gorse)
Mathews, and they settled at St. Paul, Minn., when
Henry was eleven years old. His great-great-grand-
father, David Matthews, a native of England, set-
tled in New York, and was mayor of that city from
1777 to 1783; at that time the family spelled their
name with two t's.

Henry D. Mathews went to the public schools in
New York City and St. Paul, and from his seven-
teenth to his twentieth year was in the Civil War as

a member of Compaii\ (',, Sixth Minnesota Volun-
teer Infantry, serving from August 13, 1862, until
August I'l, 1865, when he received his honorable
discharge. Returning to St. Paul, he was with James
J. Hill when the latter was steamboat agent there,
from April, 1866, to March, 1869; afterwards he was
with the Northern Line of steamboats on the Missis-
sippi River for a few years and then was agent for
the Diamond Joe Line at St. Paul for about fifteen
years. Becoming president and treasurer of the
Northwestern Lime Company, he was thus occupied
until 1894, Avhen he disposed of his holdings to come
to California.

On coming to San Jose, Mr. Mathews was presi-
dent of the Los Gatos Wine Company, and when
the Good Government League was formed in 1902,
he was elected councilman at large for San Jose.
After twenty months in that office, he was appointed
city treasurer and four months later was elected
to that office, in 1904. At the end of two years
he was elected mayor of San Jose in 1906; owing
to the effects of the earthquake of that year, much
had to be done to public buildings and public works,
and it so happened that the responsibilities of office
were greater for Mr. Mathews in that period than
they ordinarily would have been and he was able to
accomplish just so much the more. On leaving the
office of mayor, Mr. Mathews served as bank exam-
iner under Alden Anderson, state superintendent of
banks, until 1911, when he became manager of the
Kennett branch of the First Savings Bank of Shasta
County, continuing there for seven years. On Octo-
ber 1, 1918, he resigned and returned to San Jose,
and since then has been manager of the Safe De-
posit Department of the Garden City Bank and Trust
Company of San Jose.

In Chicago, in 1890, Mr. Mathews was married
to Miss Martha E. Shideler. and their son is Henry
D. Mathews. Jr., an automotive electrician. He was
in the officers' training camp at Camp Taylor, and
thus did his part to help along the American cause
in the great World War.

Mr. Mathews is past master of Friendship Lodge
No. 210, F. & A. M., is a member of Howard Chap-
ter No. 14, R. A. M., and past commander of San
Jose Commandery No. 10, K. T. He is also a life
member of Islam Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S.. at
San Francisco, and with his wife belongs to San
Jose Chapter No. 31, O. E. S. and to Rose Croix
Shrine No. 7. of tlie order of the White Shrine of
Jerusalem. He was formerly a member of Acker
Post. G. A. R., in St. Paul, but since coming to
California has been a member of Sheridan-Dix Post.
An enthusiastic Californian. Mr. ^lathews is a good
"booster" and leaves no stone unturned to help along
the great work of development of town, county
and state. In May, 1920, Mr. Mathews was elected
to the post of city councilman, taking up the duties of
this office in July, 1920, for a period of six years, and
is rendering very valuable service. He has made
a study of traffic and traffic congestion, was
the originator of the safety zone ordinance and is
also the father of the new parking ordinance which
greatly relieves the congestion in the business dis-
trict. Mr. Matthews championed, against much oppo-
sition the advent of the Western Pacific into San
Jose which gives the city another railroad. In fact
all these years there has not been a movement that

874

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

had for its aim the betterment and development of
the city and county but Mr. Matthews has taken an
active part in the putting them over.

PROF. JOSEPH WESLEY RAINEY.— A man

v,ho has contributed to the pleasure of the music
loving people and has done his share to raise the stand-
at'd of music in San Jose is Prof. Joseph Wesley
Rainey, a native of County Antrim, Ireland, born
Octoljer 8, 1838, a son of Hugh and Sarah Rainey.
i he father was a farmer and died when our subject
was three years of age. When a lad of ten years
he came to Birmingham, Micli., where he attended the
public school. He showed much talent for music,
I'ossessing a splendid voice and he continued the
study of music under Migalo Signor, a well-known
teacher of his time in Detroit, and later Mr. Rainey
was engaged in teaching singing. During the Civil
V\ ar, he showed his patriotism by volunteering his
services, enlisting in Company D, Twenty-second
Michigan Volunteer Infantry, on September 3, 1862,
taking part in the battles of Danville and Hickman
F) ridge, K\"., Peavine Creek, Chickamauga, Wauhat-
chie and Missionary Ridge, Tenn , Atlanta, Ga. He
was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., June 26, 1865.

Mr. Rainey was married December 16, 1868, at
Birminghain, Mich., to Miss Hattie Philbrick, who
was born at Troy, Mich., a daughter of Henry Phil-
brick, a native of New York State and a successful
voice teacher in Michigan. Hattie Philbrick studied
piano and voice and possessed a beautiful alto voice.
The}' were located at Pontiac, Mich., where Mr.
Rainey was chorister of the Methodist Episcopal
Church and Mrs. Rainey was the organist, and in that
city, too, he taught voice.

Becoming interested in the Pacific Coast region, Mr.
and Mrs. Rainey removed to San Jose in 1883, where
they became well known in music circles, Mr. Rainey
as a teacher of voice and Mrs. Rainey as a teacher of
piano. He was leader of the Methodist Episcopal
choir for two >ears and the Presbyterian choir for
seven years; at the same time Mrs. Rainey served as
the organist. At the end of this period, Mrs. Rainey
became organist for the True Life Church at Eden-
vale, a position she filled for eighteen years, at the
same time being a member of the church. Prof.
Rainey continued teaching in San Jose and at the
same time sang at the Catholic churches in that city
tor about thirty years, the last engagement being at
St. Joseph's Church, over a period of nine years.
Rossessing a very sweet and pure tenor voice, he gave
his audiences much pleasure by his interpretation
and clear rendition of solos, and continued his singing
until eighty-one years of age. He and Mrs. Raine>-
now live retired, spending a part of the year in San
Jose and the balance at their orchard home in the
Lakeside district of the Santa Cruz Mountains, where
he owns fifteen acres devoted to the culture of prunes,
being an enthusiastic inember of the Prune and Ap-
ricot Growers Association. Thus at this cozy country
home, Mr. and Mrs. Rainey in their liberal and
kmd-hearted way dispense a generous hospitality.
Thev have one daughter Lessie M., the wife of
Prof. Joseph E. Hancock, head of the Grant grammar
school in San Jose, the parents of two children —
A'elda and Joseph Raine>' Hancock. Mr. Rainey is
a Knights Templar Mason, a Knight of Pythias and
,1 member of Sheridan-Dix Post No. 7, G. A. R,, and

with his wife is a member of the Eastern Star. Thev
now look back upon their interesting and pleasant
careers in San Jose with much pleasure and are de-
lighted that so much of their active life was spent
in. this beautiful Santa Clara Valley.

JAMES WESLEY FORWARD.— A contractor
who thoroughly understands the many ins and outs
of successful building in California is James Wesley
b'orward, a native of Morrisburg, Dundas County,
Ontario, Canada, where he was born on April 13,
1850, the son of James Forward, who was primarily
a farmer but also a minister in the Methodist Church;
preaching in the neighboring meeting houses. He
had married Miss Ann Gocher, and she lived, the
devoted mother of our subject, until he had attained
his twentieth year. They had five children, three
sons and two daughters, and among these James
Wesley was the j'oungest. All are dead excepting the
latter and one brother, Thomas, who lives at Ches-
terville, Ontario, Canada.

James Wesley was sent to the grammar school of
his home district, and then for fifteen months he at-
tended file hi.gh school; but he spent a good part of
his early life on the home farm. In 1872, breaking
away from the associations of his past, he crossed
into the States and came to California; and in Sonoma
County he followed dairying for a year. On his re-
turn to Canada, he was married at Chesterville on
February 17, 1874, to Miss Mary Garrow, a native
of Chesterville and the daughter of Allen Garrow, a
farmer, who had married Eliza Mcintosh. For the
next five years Mr. and Mrs. Forward lived at Wil-
liamsburg, but farming there proved unprofitable, and
Mr. Forward sold out and took up building, at the
same time moving back to Morrisburg. The For-
ward family have great constructive genius; many
of this family have been successful builders. In this
connection it may be stated that Edgar Forward of
Montreal, a nephew of our subject, is one of the
Canadian Government's leading engineers. It was
he v.ho completed the great steel bridge of the Grand
Trunk Railway, which spans the St. Lawrence River
at Quebec, after others had failed,

Mr. Forward relates with keen interest how he
got into building. While at Morrisburg, he was
hauling lumber needed for the building of the Metho-
dist Church; and when the contractor asked him to
help finish the two towers, he responded and soon
got such an understanding of the trade that he re-
mained with the contractor for five years. As this
contractor was a man of much experience and en-
gaged only in notable undertakings, Mr. Forward had
the best of apprenticeship, and when he finally left
him, he also left the locality. He went to Minne-
.'ipolis, and spent there the summer of 1887; but not
being impressed with conditions there, he and his
wife and family came out to San Jose. Here
he took up building again; and entered upon that
aggressive career as a contractor which has made
him so well known throughout the Santa Clara Val-
ley. A Republican, with all which that historic name
implies, Mr. Forward has always worked and voted
for that which seemed best for the interests of the
country or the community at large.

The following children were born to Mr. and
Mrs. Forward: Mabel married Haven W. Edwards,
the well-known educator; Frank is living at Superior,
Wis.; Efiie Lillian is Mrs Robert B. Bailey; Flor-
ence Aniv married Gilbert Nelson and resides at San

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

877

lose; Mabel is the iiieither of a girl named Mary H,;
El^fie has three children, Vivian, Orville and Jack;
and Frank has a datighter, Teresa Mary. Four chil-
dren died in infancy. Mrs. F'orward died at San
lose in 1891, and was buried in Oak Flill Cemetery.
Mr. F'orward was married a second time August 29,
1893, to liliss Edith A. Pillow, born at Lee, county of
Kent, England, being a daughter of Thomas and Ann
(Aspen) Pillow, who were born, reared and married
in London. The father was a lighterman, waterman
and shipping agent, and belonged to the higher mid-
dle class of England. In January, 1872, the parents
with their eight children, four boys and four girls,
embarked on the sailing vessel "Dover Castle" for
New Zealand, and after a four months' voyage
landed safely at Little Harbor. They continued to
live in New Zealand until 1888, when they embarked
for San Francisco, where they landed in November,
1S8S. They soon moved to San Jose, and Mrs. For-
ward continued to live at home with her parents until
her marriage. Her father died in San Jose in 1902.
The widowed mother went to New Zealand again.
In 1912 Mrs. Forward made a trip to New Zealand
to visit her mother in her last sickness; she arrived at
her mother's bedside just four days before her death,
and remained in that country one year before re-
turning to San Jose. Mrs. Forward is a woman of
deep religious conviction and has served as secretary
of the Women's Missionary Society for many years.
Mr. and Mrs. Forward are members of the United
Presbyterian Church. They are comfortably domi-
ciled and live happily, in their new bungalow, at the
corner of East Julian and North Sixteenth streets,
which Mr. Forward built in June and July of 1921.

SAMUEL J. IRWIN.— An expert printer who
has equally demonstrated his ability to make a suc-
cess of pear growing, is Samuel J. Irwin, of the vicin-
ity of Agnew. He was born within six miles of the
city of Londonderry, in the northern part of Ireland,
on June 8, 1870, the son of William Irwin, a farmer,
who had married Miss Mary McCarthur. They had
six children, Samuel being the fourth. He attended
the national schools in Ireland, and then learned the
typesetting and printing trades. He also worked as a
journeyman printer, enlarging his experience. In
1891 he came to America and settled in Pennsyl-
vania; and there he continued to do job printing.
He also moved to New York, then to Philadelphia,
and finally to Chicago; and in each of these places he
worked at his trade.

In 1901 Mr. Irwin migrated far enough west to
settle in Santa Clara, and for six years he worked
as an attendant at the Agnew State Hospital. While
thus employed, he met and in April, 1920, married
Miss Dora McComas, the daughter of the late
Charles L. and Elizabeth Jane McComas, the well-
known pioneers. Mr. McComas vv'as a native of
West Virginia, who located in Missouri, and in 1856,
at Platte City, he married Elizabeth J. Hatfield, a
native also of West Virginia, and a daughter of John
Hatfield, and who had moved to Missouri with her
parents and located in Platte County. Her grand-
mother, Susan Brumfield, before her marriage, was
also born in West Virginia. In 1863, Mr. and Mrs.
McComas set out across the plains for California,
and having at length arrived at Alviso, they soon
moved to the vicinity of Santa Clara. In 1872 they
purchased eighty acres three miles northwest of
Santa Clara and one mile west and Mr. McComas

grew to enjoy eminence among the farming folk
through his success in raising strawberries, black-
l)erries, raspberries, alfalfa and grain. He passed
away in 1885. Later, Mrs. McComas demonstrated
her talent for managing the ranch until her death
in l')05. Of their nine children Mrs. Irwin was the
sixth child; only four are now living.

Recently Mr. Irwin has also become a horticultur-
ist, and has developed some fourteen acres of a pear
.grove. He has made a specialty of Bartlett pears, and
his orchard is a beautiful sight to behold. His ten-
year-old trees are heavily laden, and this is largely
due to his thorou.ghly scientific and practical meth-
ods of caring for the trees and their products.

Mr. Irwin was made a Mason in Liberty Lodge
No. 299, I''. & A. M., Santa Clara, and is a member of
San Jose Chapter No. 14, R. A. M., was knighted in
San Jose Commandery No. 10, is a member of Islam
Temple A. A. O. N. M. S. in San Francisco, and is a
member of the Order of Sciots in San Jose. Mr.
Irwin was reared a I'resbyterian, while Mrs. Irwin
is a member of the ilcthodist Episcopal Church,
South. Politically he is a Republican.

ROBERT K. G'NEIL.— An enthusiastic, pains-
taking student of the law, whose knowledge and coun-
sel have been frequently sought by the professional
attorney, is R. K. O'Neil, chief deputy county clerk
of Santa Clara County. He is a native son, born in
San Francisco, on Silver Street, South Park, April
21, 1869. When he was only six years old he was
placed in a home for children in San Francisco and
until he was twelve he was reared in that sheltering
institution, then was taken to a ranch near Antioch,
Contra Costa County, where he spent the next eight
year of his life, since which time he has made his
own way in the world.

In 1894 he attended Heald's Business College in
San Francisco, and after finishing his course, came
to San Jose and studied law in the office of W. L.
Gill, the noted criminal lawyer, for about eighteen
months, then for the next six years and until the be-
ginning of 1906, he worked and studied in the law
office of Jackson Hatch, of whom he has always been
a great admirer. In 1898, while in Mr. Hatch's office,
he was admitted to practice at the bar of California.
Directly after severing his connection with Mr. Hatch,
Mr. O'Neil opened an office and began building up a
clientele for himself and was getting nicely estab-
lished, when the earthquake of 1906 broke up his
plans and practice. On July 1, 1906, he accepted a
position in the county clerk's office and has gradually
worked his way to the position of chief deputy. For
six years he was clerk of department number one,
and in 1912, followed W. T. Aggeler as chief deputy,
which position he now occupies, attending to the
legal afiiairs, particularly naturalization, passport and
election work of the office. As the result of his con-
stant study of law, his experience in office practice
and as courtroom clerk, Mr. O'Neil has become one
of the best-versed men in legal lore in the county.
He is a member and secretary'of the local Bar Asso-
ciation, and expects to eventually resume the practice
of law. For many years he has been a member of
Observatory Parlor of the Native Sons. In national
politics a Democrat, Mr. O'Neil is broad-minded
when it comes to local issues and is a supporter of
the best men and the best measures.

Mr. O'Neil was united in marriage at San Jose,
September, 1901, with Miss Sae Alice Thompson,

878

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

l)orn in Denver, Colo., the daughter of John and
Carrie Thompson, who now reside in Oakland. Mr.
Thompson was for many j'ears a prominent con-
tractor and builder in San Francisco, Oakland and
San Jose. Mr. and Mrs. O'Neil have two children,
Agnes B. and Robert Grant, both attending the San
Jose high school. The family have resided for
several years at 327 Willow Street.

JAMES ALEXANDER FORBES.— Numbered

among California's very earliest pioneers, James Al-
exander Forbes lived a full and eventful life in the
years of his long residence here, and as a man of
education and culture, he left a strong impress on the
developing affairs of his generation. He was horn
in Inverness, Scotland, of a wealthy old family there,
and began his education in his native place, receiving
the highest training in the classics, as well as in music
and languages. Later he accompanied his uncle, a
British official, to Spain, where he lived to manhood,
graduating from the famous college of Salamanca.
Entering the service of Spain in the warfare against
the Moors, he later came to California on a Spanish
man-of-war, landing at Yerba Buena, now San Fran-
cisco, in 1828. Returning to Scotland, he came a
second time to America, making a prospecting tour
(o Vancouver and coming to California in 1833 with
a party of the Hudson Bay Company, camping on the
San Joaquin River where the city of Stockton now
stands. During this time he wrote a history of Cal-
ifornia for the English Government, wdiich was pub-
lished in London and was the first history of this part
of the country written in the English language. Ap-
pointed consul by England, Mr. Forbes removed to
the Mission of Santa Clara, in Santa Clara County,
and was stationed there when California became a
part of the LTnited States. He soon took a prominent
part in the development of the country under the new-
rule, and built a beautiful residence in Santa Clara,
with many modern conveniences, such as dumb
waiters, speaking tubes, etc. and had sent from Eng-
land the first cook stove to be brought into California,
and also brought the first carriage and plow into this
county. He constructed the stone flouring mill at
Los Gatos at a cost of $180,000, built at the peak of
high wages, and ran it for some time, when it passed
into other hands and then remained idle for many
years before passing info the hands of its present
owners. During the Mexican War, when the native
forces under the command of General Sanchez gave
battle to the American forces, sent here at the battle
of Santa Clara, as it is known in history, Mr. Forbes,
as British consul came out with a British flag and
halted the engagement and advised the Mexican
forces that on account of lack of equipment they bad
no chance and to cease their resistance as it was use-
less for them to try to win over the well-ccjuipped
American forces.

Mr. Forbes was an experienced mineralogist and
chemist, and when he first came across ore from what
became the New Almaden Mine, he pronounced it
cinnabar or quicksilver. He was one of the original
owners of the mine and was for nianj' years its treas-
urer. His uncle was a member of the banking firm of
Baron and Forbes, Mexico City, with a branch at
Tcpic, Mexico, and it was through him that the mine
was originally financed. They took enormous sums
out of this venture, but later much of this fortune was
lost through litigation. While acting as British con-

sul, Mr. Forbes was married to Anita Maria Galindo,
the daughter of Juan C. Galindo, who was a member
of one of California's best-known Spanish families,
and the owner of the Stockton ranch, lying between
San Jose and S'anta Clara, which afterwards became
ihe property of Mrs. Forbes. Mr. and Mrs. Forbes
became the parents of twelve children, the only
survivor being James Alexander Forbes of San Juan,
Capistrano, Cal., an eminent historian, scholar and
musician. The late Alonzo Forbes, a former judge of
Monterey County, passed away in 1921. Mr. and Mrs.
Forbes spent their last days at Oakland, and there he
died on May 6, 1881, aged seventy-seven years.

Mr. Forbes early saw the need of an institution for
higher education in the Santa Clara Valley and so
induced Father Nobili to open the school at Santa
Clara which was the nucleus of the present Univer-
sity of Santa Clara, and he contributed $3,500 to help
III its establishment. He was a man of scholastic
attainments, and was the master of six languages;
throughout his life he remained an extensive reader,
abreast with the advanced thought of his day, and
his life was a precedent for the high standard of
education of this great commonwealth of today.

CHARLES W. DAVISON.— A distinguished
member of the California Bar who has also been
privileged to serve his fellow-citizens in high offices
of responsibility in civic life is Charles W. Davison,
a native of New Hampton, Chickasaw County, Iowa,
where he w^as born on July 30, 1874, the son of
Lorenzo B. and Esther J. (Annabel) Davison,
worthy pioneers of that state, who performed their
part, in their day, in building the nation, and who
eventually, migrating westward to California, came
to live in Santa Clara County. Charles W. Davison
graduated from the New Hampton high school on
June 10, 1892, and then attended the Valders Normal
School at Decorah, Iowa, during 1893-94.

He next matriculated at the Kent Law School,
the alma mater of so many eminent jurists, pursuing
courses there during 1894-95, and he was admitted
to the Bar of California by the Supreme Court on
December 24, 1895. Later, the U. S. District Court
at San Francisco on October 23, 1899, admitted Mr.
Davison to practice, and on July 1, 1907, the U. S.
Circuit Court at San Francisco also granted Mr.
Davison admission to practice in the Circuit Courts.

Responding to the call of President McKinley for
volunteers in the Spanish-American War, Mr. Da-
vison enlisted on May 8, 1898, in Company E,
Seventh California V. S. Volunteer Infantry, and he
served his country until the close of the war. Then,
having luckily returned to his home, Mr. Davison in
1902 was elected municipal judge of San Jose, and
in 1906 he was re-elected; and in 1908 he was still
further honored at the hands of his fellow-citizens
bv being elected mayor of San Jose, and in 1910
he was re-elected to that offfce. Mr. Davison's ad-
ministration as mayor marked a new era m munici-
pal development closely identified with the most
rapid strides in the forward march of the city.
Modern pavement was installed on the mam thor-
oughfares, the narrow-gauge lines of the street rail-
way were surrendered and the standard broad-gauge
tracks built, and the city authorities obtained a gen-
eral transfer system from the carlines. A devoted
Republican in respect to political affairs of national
import, Mr. Davison has assumed a nonpartisan

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

879

attitude in local atTairs, and has been a first-class
"booster," lending- a helping hand whenever and
wherever needed.

The day before Christmas in 1902 at San Jose,
Mr, Davison was married to Miss Maude L. Welch
of San Jose, a lady of exceptional gifts who taught
in the public schools for a number of years. They
have one son, Henry Welch, who was born on De-
cember 1,?, 190o. a stuilent in the San Jose high
school. From August, 1910, to August, 1911, Mr.
Davison was great sachem of California's Improved
Order of Red Men, and from 1905-06 department
commander of California United Spanish War Vet-
erans. He is a member of Fraternity Lodge No.
o99, F. & A. M.. and also belongs to the Woodmen
of the World and the Modern Woodmen of America.

H. RAY FRY. — .\ scholarly, experienced attor-
nc}' who.'-e successful practice in law' has added
dignity to the legal profession in California is H.
Ray Fry, of the well-known firm of Fry & Jenkins,
San Jose. A native son, proud of his mother state,
he was born in Dewitt, Cal., on April 7, 1876, the
son of George Washington Fry who came to Cali-
fornia via Panama and thence by sailing vessel to
San Francisco in 1852, and for nine years tried his
fortune at mining in Lassen County. In 1861 he
took up farming and stockraising, and in that field
of agricultural industry he continued until his
death, in 1892. Mrs. Fry, who was Miss Mary
Louisa Wiggin, crossed the great plains to Cali-
fornia in 1863, and in Lassen County they were mar-
ried; she is still living.

Ray attended the grammar schools of Dewitt and
San Jose, and in the latter city also pursued the
excellent courses at the high school, from which he
was graduated in 1896. Then he matriculated at
Stanford, studied there for two j^ears, enlisted on
May 4, 1898 in the First California Volunteers for
the Spanish-American War, and on receiving his
honorable discharge, returned to Stanford University
and was graduated in 1901 with the A. B. degree.
The following year, the same institution gave him
the LL.B. degree.

In 1901. Mr. Fry was admitted to practice at the
California Bar, and for twelve years he was a part-
ner with Judge Beasly, the two attorneys handling
many important cases and defending many important
interests. In 1913 Mr. Fry joined hands with D. T.
Jenkins, and the partnership of Fry & Jenkins then
established still continues, the firm being rated as a
leader both in and beyond Santa Clara County. Mr.
Fry belongs to the State and County Bar associa-
tions, in which his personal character as well as his
knowdedge of the law have given him a very enviable
reputation for model practice.

Mr. Fry was married to Miss Edna F. Milco, and
they are the parents of two attractive children —
Leiand R. and Percy W. Fry. Mr. Fry belongs to
the First Presbyterian Church, and he is also active
in Masonry, being a past grand master of the
Grand Council of the State of California; he is also
a past high priest of Howard Chapter No. 14 R.
A. M., and past commander of San Jose Command-
ery No. 10, and is a Shriner. He is fond of hunt-
ing and fishing, and also finds recreation in such
commendable undertakings as the erection of a
three-story building — one of the finest in the city —

at the corner of San Carlos and First streets. This
structure is owned by Mr. Fry, and stands as a
worthy contribution toward the continued expansion
of a cit>- widely kiiown for its edifices.

DANIEL J. McGRATH,— For many years the
name of A'IcGrath has been associated with Santa
Clara County where Daniel J. McGrath has been in
the furniture business at San Jose, and at the present
time he is the owner of a successful enter-
prise at 138 South Second Street. A native son,
hi.rn in San Jose May 9, 1868, he is the son of
-Patrick and Bridget McGrath. His father, who was
an ironmolder by trade, migrated to the Pacific
Coast in 1852, settling in San Jose; here the parents
were married and both passed away here.

Daniel J. McGrath received his education in the
public schools of San Jose. After finishing school
l.e became associated with Lion's in the furniture
business and remained with them about fourteen
:• cars, then began for himself and in 1918 located at
138 South ,Second Street, where the business is yield-
ing ample profits to its owner. His success has come
only through intelligent effort, backed by a determi-
nation to overcome every obstacle. In political affilia-
tion a Democrat, Mr. McGrath has served one
term, under the Davidson administration as council-
man from the Second Ward. He is a member of the
Native Sons of the Golden West, and whenever op-
lortunity affords he spends a few days in the moun-
tains, hunting and fishing. He is a stanch supporter
of all municipal improvements, and enjoys the confi-
dence and good will of all who come in contact with
liim in business or social matters.

JOHN A. RAWLINGS.— The son of one of Santa
Clara County's pioneer residents, himself a native of
the county, John A. Rawdings is making good in the
field of horticulture at his thriving orchard home on
Pearl Avenue, south of San Jose. He was born Feb-
ruar}' 25, 1874, near San Jose, his parents being
George S. and Florence Minerva (Roberts) Rawd-
ings, highly esteemed residents of this neighborhood.
The father, who was born in Kentucky, settled here
m 1866, being employed for several years on the
large ranch of John G. Roberts, part of which later
passed to Mrs. Rawlings on the death of Mr. Rob-
erts, and during all the years since then it has always
been the family home.

John A. Rawdings attended the public schools of
his neighborhood, but early in life he deserted the
school room for the more practical tasks of helping
his father on the home ranch. Here he remained
until 1915, getting a thorough experience in every
detail of ranch and orchard work, when he pur-
chased a tract of twenty acres near the home place,
and this he has developed into a fine prune orchard,
doing practically all the planting himself. He has
given it his careful attention and its value is steadily
increasing.

Mr. Rawdings' marriage united him with Miss Lois
y. Williams, the daughter of Alexander and Emma
(Perry) Williams. She was born in the Almaden
neighborhood, her mother's family being well-known
old residents of that locality, Perry Station being
named for one of the family. Mr. Rawlings is a
Democrat, and has a public-spirited interest in all the
affairs of the community.

882

HISTORY OV SANTA CLARA COUNTY

to San Jose and leased an alfalfa and dairy ranch
of forty-three acres, owned by Richard P. Kceble
and situated on the Alviso Road about three miles
north of San Jose, and there he was engaged in
dairjang, with his usual enviable success, until the
fall of 1921, when he bought twenty-two acres of
the Trimble ranch and built a dairy barn to ac-
commodate forty co^vs. Unlike many ranchers, he
employs only Americans, and he keeps not less
than two constantly at work with him, thus carry-
ing out a principle and a theory as to the ad-
vantage of American labor, and the willingness of
cflicient Americans to work for those of their own
nationality. A Republican in his preference for na-
tional party platforms. While at Napa he rendererl
his fellow-citizens good service as a trustee of the
school district.

At Chico, on February 15, 1917. Mr. Tuttle was
married to TVliss )ilary Agnes Young, a native of
Ohio and the daughter of Ernest C. and Effie (Sny-
der) Young, — the former a civil engineer associated
with a large development company in the Sacramento
Valley. Miss Young came to California as a child,
and was reared in Chico. where she attended the
local schools, although she previously had gone to
school for a wdiile at Salinas. Three children have
been granted them — two fme lads named Carl and
Robert, and a daughter, Rebecca Jane.

HENRIE GRANVILLE HILL.— A scholarly,
conscientious and thoroughly dependable representa-
tive of the California Bar is Henrie Granville Hill,
the junior member of the firm of Bobnett and Hill,
the well-known attorneys of San Jose. He was
born at St. Louis, Mo., on September 7, 1884, the
son of Walter Baylor and Zoe (Taylor) Hill, with
whom and the rest of the family he came out to
California m the late '80s. Walter Baylor Hill is
deceased, but his flevoted wife is still living, the
center of an honoring circle.

Henrie Hill attended both the grammar and the
high schools of San Jose, and in 1909 he was grad-
uated from Stanford ETniversity with the A. B. de-
gree. Two years later he was given by the same
institution the degree of J. D. In the meantime, dur-
ing 1909 and 1910. he had studied law at the Har-
vard Law School. In 1911 he was admitted to prac-
tice in California. The first two years he was asso-
ciated in practice in San Francisco with Senator
A. E. Boynton and Chas W. Slack and in 1914-
he located in San Jose and opened a law office. In
1917 with L. D. Bobnett, he formed the partnership
in \vhich he at present figures. During his college
days he -was a member of the Delta Chi and during
his senior year be was elected a member of the
scholarship fraternity Phi Beta Kappa and the law
scholarship fraternity "Order of Coif." Fraternally
he is a member of San Jose Lodge of the Elks, the
Garden City Lodge of the Odd Fellows and the
Masons, and is a past master of Lodge No. 10, F.
& A. M.. of San Jose.

Mr. Hill was married at San Jose on March 2,
1912. wdien he took for his bride Miss Bernice Field,
a native of California and also a graduate of Stan-
ford University. They are the parents of one daugh-
ter, Zoe Ann Hill. Mr. and Mrs. Hill are both
patrons of good music, and both ready and anxious
to forward in every way possible the best and last-
ing interests of the county and city.

CHARLES L. WITTEN.— A most interesting rep-
resentative of the legal profession in California, whose
active participation in the varied p^ents through which
he has lived enables him to review some of the most
stirring chapters of Golden Stale history, is Charles
L. Witten, who was born in Contra Costa County,
on November 1, 1860. His father, T. Z. Witten'
was a genuine '49er, wdio started across the great
plains before gold was discovered, and when he
reached here, mined at Placerville. In 1852 he came
into this valley, and later he removed to Contra
Costa County, where he lived for years and died.
He married Miss Rachel Smith, and she also passed
away there. They were the parents of six children, —
four boys and two girls. — and our subject grew up
the youngest of this family.

He attended the local schools, and after that pur-
sued courses of study at the University of the
Pacific for a term. He next studied law with Judge
S. 1'. Leib, and he also took a course of lectures
upon law by Judge John E. Richards at the Univer-
sity of the Pacific. A thorough student, he was ad-
mitted to practice in California in August, 1885;
and then he was in Judge Leib's office until 1888,
when he entered the district attorney's office, and
served as deputy for a term under D. W. Burchard.
He then devoted himself to his private practice, in
which he «as recognized as one of the leaders of
the bar, until he received the appointment, on Jan-
uary 3, 1921, of justice of the peace to succeed
Judge F. B. Brown who had been elected one of the
superior judges; and although retaining a selected
portion of his private practice, much of his time is
devoted to official business.

At San Jose, in April, 1894, Mr. Witten was mar-
ried to Miss Nellie Hanson, a daughter of pioneer
parents and a native of Sonora, Cal., and they have
four children: Winifred 1. is the wife- of G. H.
Miller, of San Jose, the clerk of Judge Witten's court,
and she has three children, Dorothy, Janie and
Grandin; Alice Louise is a student at the LTniversity
of California at Berkeley; Muriel M. is assistant
cashier of the Bank of Milpitas; while the youngest
of the children is Kenneth R. Witten. Mr. Witten
fadongs to Fraternity Lodge No. 399, F. & A. M.,
and to San Jose Pyramid No. 9, A. E. O. S. He
joined Pacheco Lodge No. 117, I. O. O. F. in 1881,
in Contra Costa County, passed the chairs of that
lodge, then becoming among the youngest past grands
in the state. When Observatory Lodge No. 23 was
organized in San Jose about 1894, he became a char-
ter member. He also marches with the Republican
party. He has been the attorney for the Bank of
Milpitas since its organization, and a member of the
San Jose Board of Library Trustees, of which he
was president for some years. He is an active mem-
ber of the San Jose Bar Association, and until re-
cently was its president.

Judge Witten is fond of "hiking," and takes an
annual trip, using the railroad to certain points, and
then walking over new ground. For the past fifteen
years, in fact, he has thus spent his vacations, and
during this time he has covered the most interestmg
Ijoints in California, Oregon and Washington, on some
occasions walking 250 miles. There are no pomts
of interest, resorts, missions, etc.. wdiich he has not
visited, and all his trips are written up and published
in the local paper and to this mode of recreation he
attributes his fine physical condition and good health.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

883

BERT T. KIRK.— A iKsi-ondaut of a worthy family
of which he is a worthy scion, Bort 'l\ Kirk, in fol-
lowing farm pursuits, not only made use of his eai l\
tiaining. but followed the henl of his ambition and
lodav he is one of the rein-esentative horticulturists
of Santa Clara County. His tnie ranch, well known
rs the Socrates Kirk place, containing; 100 acres, is
located on the Dry Creek and Ivirk roads. This
ranch was a claim taken up many years ai^o, the
family having owned the water right for the past
s'xtv rears. For many years the entire acreage was
devoted to the raising of grain and it is within the
n.emorv of the subject of this review when most of
the valley was a vast grain field.

Born April 2^. 1874. on the old home place ol his
parents in Santa Clara County. jMr. Kirk is the onh"
son of Socrates and Louise (Guerraz) Kirk, pioneers
01 the county. Socrates Kirk and his brother The-
ophilus came to the count\- as \-ouiig men and to-
gether the brothers purchased and improved their
land, the two families owning over 900 acres of fine
fruit land. The father passed away in 1006, his death
being a real loss to the commuuily in which he had
lived and worked for so many _\-ears. Mrs. Kirk
survives him and still resides on the home place.

Bert T. began his education in the public school at
Willow Glen; then be attended Hoyt's Oak Grove
School at San Mateo, and from this institution he
entered the Garden City Business College owned by
Prof. Worcester, and here be was duly graduated.
Leasing a portion of his father's large orchards,
he engaged in fruit raising, making a study of it from
a scientific standpoint and with his energy and ex-
perience has made a success of it. His 100-acre or-
chard of prunes, cherries, and peaches is located at
the corner of Dry Creek and Kirk roads and there he
has built a large, modern residence, as well as suit-
able farm buildings. He is constantly making improve-
ments and his ranch is most modern in equipment, in-
cluding a drying plant. He also owns seventy-three
acres at Edenvale. which he operates in connection,
and valuable business property on East Santa Clara
Street and on the corner of Fountain and Second
streets, which he has improved, so it brings a nice
income. He has also been an interested dealer in
real estate in other parts of California.

The marriage of Mr. Kirk in San Jose, February
14. 1899, united him with Miss Mar\' K. Hamilton,
a native daughter of California, her parents being
early settlers of Santa Clara County. Mrs. Kirk's
father. Prof. William Hamilton, came to California
around Cape Horn in the early '50s. The boat was
v/recked, but the family was saved. He was an edu-
cator for many years, now retired, and living in Santa
Rosa, a well-educated and cultured gentleman, whose
refining influence has left an indelible impression
on the communities in which he resided. Mr. and
Mrs. Kirk's union has been blessed with three chil-
dren: Louis, educated at Heald's Business College.
San Jose, is ably assisting his father in his horticul-
tural enterprise: Bert. T., Jr. is a graduate of Heald's
Business College and also is assisting his father, while
Clarence H. is attending the grammar school. Mr.
Kirk is a believer in protection as a fundamental prin-
ciple and never fails to give his allegiance to the Re-
publican party. Mr. and Mrs. Kirk are liberal and
enterprising and their home is the scene of much
social enjoyment and hospitality.

JOHN FRANCIS SHANNON.— Law, order and
a regard for the rights and best interests of
humanity are well represented in John Francis Shan-
non, the alert, efficient and popular constable of San
Jost', who was born in the city he so well serves on
(Jctober 31, 1875. His father was Christopher Shan-
non, for thirty-five years a police officer; he had
married Miss Nellie O'Keefe, and they had nine
children, all li\iiig. Air. Shannon died on May 2,
1919, at the age of eighty years, and Mrs. Shannon
passed away in 1898.

John, the eldest in the family, went through the
grammar school in San Jose, and then for a num-
ber of years worked for the Western Meat Com-
pany. Rather naturally, perhaps, considering the
record of his father, he was elected constable in 1902,
and he has been re-elected so often that he is now
serving his twentieth year.

On May 25, 1904, Mr. Shannon was married to
ATiss Harriet G. Ziemer, a native of San Jose. They
attend the Catholic Church, and are familiar figures
in the circle of the Pastime Club. Mr. Shannon also
belongs to the Native Sons, the Ancient Hibernians,
the Modern 'Woodmen and the Ancient Order of
Foresters. He is fond of hunting and fishing, and
in politics is a Democrat.

That Mr. Shannon takes a broad view of the duties
of a constable is shown in the careful administration
of his office — endeavoring, as he does, to afford the
greatest protection to society, and yet remembering
the human side of those who fall, need correcting,
but also need bracing up, if possible, to a better life
and for a new start to usefulness.

LAWRENCE E. BARBER.— One of the substan-
tial men of his district and a successful rancher.
Lawrence E. Barber is located on the ranch pur-
chased by his father in 1880. A native of Wiscon-
sin, he was born in Oak (irove. Dodge County. June
20, 1872, the son of Reuben S. and Sarah (Evans)
Barber. The wonderful stories of the opportunities
of the Golden State lured Reuben S. Barber to re-
move to California in 1852, wdicre he first mined,
then came to Santa Clara County and farmed for
fourteen jears. Returning to Wisconsin he lived for
fourteen years in his old home county. There he
was engaged in the manufacturing of agricultural
machinery and at one time owned a one-half interest
in the Barber & Van Brunt Works at Horican.
Wis., the shop now" run by the John Deere Plow
Company. Returning to California in 1880, the
family settled at !Milpitas and a farm of 222 acres
was purchased and set out to orchard. The ranch
is now devoted to truck gardening and fruit raising,
mostly pears and prunes, and is well watered from
three fine artesian wells.

Lawrence E. Barber attended the public schools
of Milpitas and his vacation and spare time was
spent in working with his father on the ranch. When
his parents passed away, a sister and he became the
owners of the old Barber ranch. In San Francisco
in December. 1912, he was united in marriage with
Miss Kate Bellew, the daughter of Michael and
Eliza E. (Kinney) Bellew, the father a native of
Ireland wdio came to California in the '50's. making
his way westward via the Panama route. He chose
Milpitas as the most promising spot in the Santa
Clara Valley in wdiich to establish a home, settling
here in 1862. and he acquired about 800 acres of land.

884

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

which was devoted to the raising of grain, the cul-
tivation of fruit, and the management of a first-class
dairy. Mr. and Mrs. Bcllew were the parents of five
children, Mrs. Barber being the fourth of the family.
Mr. Barber is a member of the Masons of San Jose
and all the other branches, including the Islam Tem-
ple of San Francisco. He has served his district as
a school trustee of Milpitas.

EARLE C. FANCHER.— A far-seeing, progress-
ive and successful rancher whose life story is interest-
ing and instructive, is Earle C. Fancher, residing at
the corner of North Thirteenth and Gish streets, San
Jose. He was born near Anita, Iowa, on July 28,
1886, the son of Charles WiUis and Maria C. ( Hol-
combe) Fancher, farmer-folks dealing extensively in
stock and grain of their own raising, and the parents
of four boys and two girls. An uncle, George H.
Fancher, was a pioneer of California, and was one of
the first to enter the Yosemite Valley. Charles W.
Fancher also made a trip across the plains in early
days, but returned to Iowa, where he followed
farming. Earle, the youngest of the family, attended
the grammar and high schools at Anita, Iowa, and
when he was fourteen years old, removed to San
Jose with his parents. In the latter city he continued
his schooling, and topped off his studies with a busi-
ness college course at San Jose.

When nineteen years old, Mr. Fancher learned the
automobile building and repairing trade, and for four
years he filled the important post of "trouble
finder" for Osen & Hunter in San Jose. Then,
pushing out into the larger world, he went to Los
Angeles, entered the employ of the Los Angeles
Motor Car Company, where he labored on truck
work, doing and also demonstrating various kinds of
expert shop service. After that he became associ-
ated with the Spreckels Ditch, of the Otay Dam near
San Diego, and participated in the construction of
that difficult piece of engineering. He next joined
the crews at work on the Los Angeles Aqueduct,
and for eighteen months assisted in the accomplish-
ment of that wonderful enterprise, being locate near
Mojave; and when through with that arduous under-
taking, he spent some time in various parts of Nev-
ada, Texas, Mexico and Alaska, always engaged in
construction work of one kind or another.

In 1912, Mr. Fancher returned to Santa Clara
County, and became floor foreman for the Letcher
Garage. His father, as early as 1898. had acquired
a ranch of 4,000 acres in Merced County, five and
one-half miles east of Merced, devoted to the rais-
ing of grain; and in 1912 he joined his father in
ranching. The day before Christmas, 1913, he took
charge of the home ranch, and ran it until Septem-
ber 22, 1919. when it was sold to the California Pack-
ing Corporation, and set out to peaches and apricots,
becoming the largest orchard of its kind in the
world. In 1919, he returned to San Jose, and pur-
chased the old Fox nursery proi)erty of forty-two
and one-half acres devoted to the culture of prunes
and pears, well irrigated by a splendid well.

At Fresno, on December 22, 1914, Mr. Fancher
was married to Miss Maybellc Neumann, a native
daughter, who was born in Le Grand, Cal., the
daughter of Paul and Mattie Neumann, worthy pio-
neers and among the most progressive and extensive
grain farmers of Merced County. Three children
have blessed this union. Pauline, Eldon and Jack.

Mr. Fancher is a Republican, keenly interested in the
problems of national politics; but he is too broad-
minded a citizen and patriot to allow partizanship
to narrow either his range of vision or his field of
activity, and he is always ready to put his shoulder
to the wheel and do his share.

ANTON WAGNER.— A native of Southern Russia
who has more than made good since coming to Cali-
fornia is Anton Wagner, the enterprising and suc-
cessful rancher of Swift Lane, about one and a half
miles to the northeast of Evergreen. He was born
at Neiburg on March 17, 1859, the son of Jacob and
Barbara (Engel) Wagner, — the former a native of
historic and picturesque Wurtemberg, Germany, and
the latter a native of musical and artistic Hungary.
His father was for a quarter of a century a school
teacher, and hence our subject began life with excep-
tional educational advantages at his service.

When, therefore, he left home as a young man
and crossed the ocean to the Lhiited States, he was
well equipped for a tussle with the New World; and
t ood judgment directed him to South Dakota, where
he took up a quarter-section homestead in Turner
County, not far from the ranch of his father, who
had also come out to America. The latter, in his
sixty-eighth year, was paralyzed, and after that he
came to live with his son, who was the third among
four children, the eldest being Jacob, the next elder
Gottlieb, and the youngest Charlotte, His father
lived to be seventy-four, and then died, honored of
all who knew him.

On October 12, 1881, Mr. Wagner was married to
Miss Theresa Lorenz, the ceremony taking place in
Yankton County, S. D. She was a native of Germany
and the daughter of Andres and Theresa (Schmidt)
Lorenz; her father was for years in the employment
of the German government. After their marriage,
Mr. and Mrs. Wagner went to Gregory County, S. D.,
and there for many years leased a ranch; and in
time they bought 560 acres, and for sixteen years
laised cattle on their own land. When he sold out,
Mr. \Yagncr came out to California with his family
on account of failing health, and in 1912 he bought
his present ranch of twenty-one and a half acres
on Swift T^ane, nine acres of which he has set out
in pears, apricots and prunes. Nine children have
been granted Mr. and Mrs. Wagner: Rose, Minnie.
Sophie, Carrie, Mary, Clara, Walter, Henry and
Emile. Rose is Mrs. Metzger of Evergreen, and has
one child — Fred; Minnie is Mrs Berg of South Da-
kota and has eight children — Gilbert, Fred, Solomon,
Richard, Gertrude, Helen. Alma and Laura. Sophie
has become Mrs. Hombal and the mother of three
(hildren— Mary, Carrie and Ida, and also lives in
South Dakota; and Carrie is Mrs. Bradshaw, and
she resides near her parents; her children are Doris,
William and Joseph.

Two sons of Mr. and Mrs. Wagner entered the
service of their government in the last war and did
their full duty by their country. Walter enlisted on
.September 28, 1917, and was sent to the Presidio as
D cook, and from there he was despatched to Camp
Sheridan, Ala., where he served until he was dis-
charged, on March 10, 1919. Henry became an
enlisted . soldier on May 4, 1918, and was in the
Fourteenth Company of the C. A. C., and trained in
the Philippines, and then went to Fort Mills, and

HISTORY OF SANTA CI,AT<A COUNTY

8S7

was discharged at tlie Presidio on Aiif^ust 2o, I'Ud.
Those two boys are now in partnership as Wagner
Bros., proprietors of a boiler works in San Jo.se.

Mr. Wagner is a Republican, and above all a loyal
American very nnieh interested in civic reforms, and
he used to he a member of the Workmen order.
Mr. and Mrs. Wagner are members of t!ie (".erman
Methodist Church. Mr. Wagner has a high standard
m all his dealings with his fellow-men, and these
commendable traits have found favor \vith all who
know him, so that he is not only prosperous in busi-
ness, but rich in friends.

ANTOINE MATTY.— Arriving in California m
185,1, the late Antoine Matt>' witnessed practicalK- the
entire growth and develoimient of the state and was
well known as the proprietor of the popular resort
known as Wrights Station, which he conducted for
over three decades. A native of France, he was born
:n \'ille d'Antrevaux, in the Maritime Alps, April 20,
lS4tl. a son of Francois and Teressa (Colombet)
Matty. His mother was a sister of the late Clemente
Colombet, a pioneer of the Santa Clara X'alley. Mr.
Matty's father was a cabinetmaker by trade and
passed away when seventy-six years of age.

When a lad of twelve years Antoine Matty accom-
panied his uncle, Joseph Colombet, on his emigration
to the United States and after landing in this country
they started across the plains to California in 1853.
When they left St. Joseph, Mo., their party included
twenty-five persons and Joseph Colombet was chosen
captain of the little band. On approaching the
mountains they soon became acquainted with hard-
ships and privations and passed the location where
the ill-fated Donner party had stopped. Winter fell
upon them while they were traversing Carson \'alle\-,
and leaving six men in charge of the stock and wag-
ons, the rest of the band pushed on toward Cal-
ifornia. On the way to California their stock of food
gave out and after days of wandering without food
they crossed the trail of two hunters, whom they
compelled to supply them with food for which they
paid liberally, Mr. Colombet carrying $5,000 in his
belt. The next night they were again lost but ran
across the pony express and through the assistance
of the men in charge were able to reach a new trail.
They met up with many Indians but without excep-
tion they manifested toward the party a spirit of
friendliness. In due time the party reached Stockton
and came on to Mission San Jose. Antoine Matty
took up his residence with another uncle, Peter
Colombet, assisting him in his work. Another uncle,
Clemente Colombet, built the summer resort "Warm
Springs" and Antoine continued with him until 1855.
when he went to San Francisco, arriving there during
the reign of the Vigilantes. For a short time he was
employed as a clerk in the auction rooms of Smiley
Brothers & Company, and in 1859 made his way to
A^irginia City, Nev., where for eight months he worked
ir. the mines, returning to San Francisco at the end of
that period. For thirty-five years he was proprie-
tor of Wrights Station, the well-knowm resort in the
Santa Cruz Mountains, near the line which divides
Santa Clara and Santa Cruz Counties. This is one
of the most attractive and popular resorts in this
part of the state and the property is valued at more
than $80,000. Mr. Matty owned 360 acres but re-
tained 134 acres. He made extensive investments in
real estate in the Santa Clara Valley and sold to the

Western I'aeihc Railroad Company the site for their
new deiiot in Fast San Jose, construction of the line
h;i\'ing been started in 1020.

In 18''0 Mr. Matty was married in San Jose to
.Miss Sarah Slouion, born in Count\' C.alway, Ireland,
but reared and educated in IJoslon, Mass.. coming to
t.'alifornia by the isthnms route. .She passed away
1.1 November, lOllj, a few moiUhs .after the tragic
death of their son Louis. Si.x children were Ijorn
to their union. Teressa met an accidental death
when eighteen. h'rank, who resides at Wrights
married Katherine Goodman and has two daugh-
ters, Antoinette and Aileen. Annie married Emil
Me\er of Wrights Station, and they have two chil-
dren, Arthur and Alyce Marie. Mr. Meyer is the owner
of the Mar \'ista \'ine_\-ard, situated at the summit
of the vSanta Cruz Mountains. Louis was burned
in death in a forest hre at Wright's Station in August,
U'03, when he was forty years of age. Thomas C.
died at the age of twenty-si.x. Alice, a ver.\' capaljle
>'oung business woman, is iio\\- in the employ of the
California Hotel Corporation. When fifteen years
of age she became station agent at Wright's Station
for the Southern Pacific Railroad Company and con-
tinued to hold that position for nine years.

Mr. Alatt\' received his citizenship papers at San
Jose as soon as he came of age and he thoroughly
identified his interests with those of his adopted
country. He was the organizer of the Wright School
district, and was identified with the Exempt I'"ireman
ot San Jose. He was also a valued member of the
Santa Clara Pioneer Association, Xo. 45. It was
organized in 1853 with four hundred members of
whom but five are now living. Some years ago.
when A'endome Parlor, Native Daughters of the
Golden West, built a log cabin at Alum Rock Park
in memory of the pioneers, Mr. Matty ,at his own ex-
pense had the trees felled on his property at Wrights
and prepared the logs for the cabin. He was also a
member of the Sempervirens Association, a society
organized to preserve the redwoods for future gen-
erations. Mr. Matty passed away April 12, 1922,
lacking only eight days of living eighty-two years.

"WILLIAM GIOTTONINL— Prominent among
the progressive ranchers of Santa Clara County wdio
have been most successful in growing alfalfa and to
whom the present high state of dairying is due. may
well be mentioned William Giottonini, who lives on
the Sabatti ranch, which is also known as the Cali-
fornia Dairy, on the Alviso Road, about three miles
north of San Jose. A native of Italian Switzerland,
Mr. Giottonini was born in Canton Ticino. at a pic-
turesque place called Frasco. on July 1, 1896. the
son of Benjamin and Polyanna Giottonini. his father
a Swiss farmer, being one of the first natives of
that canton to come out to California. On the
first occasion when he made his way here, in 1860,
he was a young man, and he remained in California
twelve years; returning to Switzerland, he married
and reared there a family of ten children. Joseph
is employed at the California Dairy: Lucy has be-
come Mrs. Lesnini and lives at Kings City; .-Vl-
bert is in Mexico, and the rest are Prudence, -\ngea.
Pauline, Mary, William and Katherine (twins), and
Benjamin Giottonini.

When William was eleven years of age, his parents
came with their family to California, and this time
thcv settled in San Luis Obispo County. William

8H,X

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNT V

attended the graminer sehool at San Luis Obispo,
and a year after he arrived here, he began to work
for himself. He followed dairy ranch labor for six
years in Harmony Valley, and when he was yet
twelve years old, he milked twenty cows each day.
He then went to Kings City, and for a year worked
for wa,i?es in a dairy; then, for a short time he was
at Fresno and also at Coalinga; and next pitched
his tent for a while at Red Bluffs, Tehama County,
and at Portland. Ore. Returning to California,

William worked again at Fresno, then at Los Banos,
and after that he came to Santa Clara County.

On July 26, 1921, Mr. Giottonini joined Pasquali
Tonini, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this
volume, and in partnership they bought an alfalfa
ranch of forty acres, also leased a dairj- ranch of
ecptal size about three miles north of San Jose on the
Alviso road. There they have a very fine herd of
some sixty-five milch cows, with wliich they are
scoring great success. In national political affairs
Mr. Giottonini is a Repulilican, but he is also a
.good "booster" for the locality in which he lives,
putting aside narrow partisanship and supporting the
best men and the best measures, and he is first, last
and all the time an American.

FRED BOWEN.— Another representative of an
interestin.g pioneer family who has added to the
high reputation of California mechanicians is Fred
Ijouen, the senior member of Messrs. Bowen & Ro-
iiecker, the leadin.g pluml)ers and sheet metal work-
ers in Santa Clara. He was born in Monterey
County on September 12, 1883, the son of Alfred
Bowen, who was a native of Centerville, and the
.grandson of Joseph Wythe, a sailor who hailed from
Scotland, and who steered for California in the
.gold-minin.g days. The Bowens have thus been
identified with this section since the early days of
the Paciiic Commonwealth.

I'red was only four years of age when he came
to San Jo^e. but he well recalls the street cars
drawn by horses. His uncle, John Bowen, was a
machinist who worked in Joe Hnright's shop, and
lie set up the steam engine used to furnish the first
substitute for horsepower for the railway. Later,
the company turned to electricit}- as the motor
power. Tile lad rode on the first electrical car on
First Street, and the ridin,g was sport, indeed

When ele\'en years of a.ge, he began to work out,
and for twentv years he ran the steain engine in
the brickyard and subsequently ran stationary engines
for other institutions at various other places in the
county, so thai he gained a wide ac(|uaintance. He
then took ujj plumbing and worked for Levin & Son,
and as he could not have had a better apprentice-
ship, he learned plumbing as thoroughly as he had
steam-engineering, and was just the man to form the
promising partnership with Charley Ronecker.

The firm of Ijoweii & Ronecker was established in
the spring of 1921, and they have been busy as bees
ever since. 'I'hey operate a general plumbing and
sheet metal business and guarantee to do whatever
is undertaken so that it need not be done over again
the next da\". This assurance means so much in the
present .age of careless inefficiency that the up-to-date
folks of Santa Clara have not been slow to appreciate
their eft'orts. They and their five employes have all
thc\' can do. They have many residences to their
credit and the excellency of their work is the merit
which attracts a constantly • increasing patronage.

At San Jose in 1907 Mr. Bowen was married to
iliss Louise Bimmerly, a native of San Jose, where
;he was reared. She is a daughter of August Bim-
merly, who died in San Jose on March 14, 1921, and
of his good wife, nee Louise Boughtenthistle, both
pioneers. Two children have been born to Mr. and
Mrs. Bowen — Evelyn and Harold. The Bowens re-
side in their hospitable home on Willis Avenue.

BEVERLY ALLEN ENGLAND. — A sturdy
pioneer of Santa Clara Couiit>- whose reminiscences
of California reach back for almost seventy years is
Beverly Allen England, who can narrate many inter-
esting happenings of the early days here, where he
was long associated with Martin Murphy, Jr. A na-
tive of Missouri, he was born at Steelviile, Crawford
County, Mo., on October 12, 1842, the son of John
and Jane (Cornigham) England, both natives of Vir-
ginia. They were married in Missouri and there the
father died in 1848, followed to the grave a year
later by tlie mother, leaving six orphaned children,
two bo^-s and four girls.

The fourth of the family, Beverly A. England, was
reared bj' an uncle, Ruggles England, who started
across the plains in 1853 as captain of a train of
eight wagons and ox teams. Beverly was then a lad
of eleven years, and he rode a horse all the way
from St. Joseph, Mo., to Hangtown, Cal. They
stopped for a time at the ranch of Martin Murphy Sr.,
,Santa Clara County's earliest pioneer, and then for
nine years he worked for his uncle, wdio had gone to
the mines in Butte County, and as a bookkeeper
ill the hotel and post office near the mines. On his
return to Santa Clara County he engaged in farm-
ing with his brother at Milliken's Corners, where
his brother-in-law, the late J. W. Johnson, had lo-
cated. Mr. Johnson had first crossed the plains in
1849, later taking up a Spanish grant at Milliken's
Corners, the title to which proved defective, so
that he was compelled to pay for it a second time.
At Santa Clara Mr. England was married to Miss
Jennie Simpson who had also crossed the plains in
1853, but in another train. Two children were born
to them, Gus A England, whose sketch appears on
another page of this history, and Harry England,
wdio married Miss Mary Wicker of San Jose, and
they are the parents of two children — Winifred and
I,orraine. Mrs. Beverly England died in 1913, and
since that time Mr. England has made his home with
bis son Harry in San Jose. l"'or many years Mr.
England rented land in the vicinity of Santa Clara
:.nd farmed there successfully. He has always taken
an active interest in the phenomenal development of
Santa Clara County, coming here, as he did, long
liefore there were any railroads, and as an American
citizen preferring the political tenets of the Demo-
cratic party, he has done what he could to make this
fi.vored section come into its own. As a boy, in
crossin.g the plains, he proved to be one of the
valued and dependable members of the emigrant
train, and he was sent out to reconnoiter for roads
and the best places to camp, as well as to look out
for hostile Indians, and the lessons of this experience
continued to bear good fruit in later life. Now, as
one of the oldest living pioneer settlers of this local-
ity, he can look back upon a life filled with interest-
ing experiences, beholding as he has, a transformation
that it has been the privilege of but few to witness.

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.ARA COUNTY

JAMES TURNER.— A persevering, successful hor-
ticulturist, who finds real pleasure in hard work and
who has become influential in his community through
the force of his example as a man whose thrift and
proficiency have made him successful, is James
Turner, a native of Chicago, 111., where he was born
in 1863, the son of James and Mary (Gantz) Turner.
Reared in the metropolis of the West, Mr. Turner
attended the public schools of that city. He started
his business experiences as a traveling salesman and.
continuing this for many years, he traversed every
state in the Union except Florida. Then for twelve
years he conducted a brokerage business in Boston,
Mass., where he met with good success.

Mr. Turner's marriage united him with Miss Jessie
Crawford, and in 1912 they moved to California and,
locating in Santa Clara County, purchased his pres-
ent ranch of forty-three acres, which is located on
the Los Gatos and Santa Clara road, about two miles
south of Campbell. Cal. He has erected a substantial
and attractive residence. His ranch is a very valu-
able property and his orchards, which are mostly
set to prunes, are now in splendid bearing. !Mr.
Turner has been active in building up the commun-
ity, and was one of the prime movers that organized
the Campbell Investment Company, the builders of
a row of business buildings on Campbell Avenue, in-
cluding the postoffice, a moving picture theater and
three stores, and the Growers' National Bank build-
ing, constructed of white enameled brick. He was
one of the organizers of the Growers National Bank
at Campbell, of which he is president and a director.
He is a member of the California Prune and Apricot
Growers' Association. In national politics Mr. Tur-
ner is a Republican, and in 1920 was a prominent
candidate as such at the primaries for state senator.
He was made a Mason in Home Lodge No. 508,
A. F. & A. M., Chicago, and he is also a member of
San Jose Lodge No. 522, Elks. Mrs. Turner is a
member of the O. E. S. and the Woman's Federated
Club. She organized the idea of "prune week" and
her energy and enthusiasm put it through. When a
member of the Grange, she wrote a paper advo-
cating a prune week, urging the Grange to take it
up. The article was published and later it became
a national matter and now prune week is well es-
tablished all over the LTnion. Mrs. Turner has been
very prominent in civic and social affairs and shares
with her husband deserved popularity.

LOUIS M. RICHARD.— A successful rancher
whose prosperity naturally leads one to both study
and admire his progressive methods, is Louis M.
Richard, now living on the Alviso-Milpitas road,
not far from Alviso. He was born at the Mission
Dolores, in San Francisco, on November 17, 1861,
the son of August Richard, who came to California
in 1857 and, having married Miss Josephine Aggeon,
established himself as a market gardener. He and
his good wife were blessed with six children : Louisa
A., now deceased, became Mrs. Anderson; Annie is
Mrs. Carabal; Louis is the third in the order of
birth; Emelia and Eugene are both deceased; and
Henry of the family circle.

August Richard was a native of the Basses-
Pyrenees, in France, and when he came to Cali-
tornia as a young man, he brought with him the
experience and traditions of a corner of the globe
where the natives thoroughly understood how to

coax nature to do her best. He did not find it
difficult therefore, to specialize in fancy truck farm-
ing for exclusive trade; and on settling in Alviso, in
1869, he was able to purchase a home tract of twenty-
one acres of land on the Alviso road. Louis attended
the Alviso school and remained at home with his
father until the death of the latter in 1883.

Pushing out into the world, Louis Richard worked
for wages on farms in the vicinity of Alviso, and
then, in 1886, he started to farm for himself on the
old Young Ranch of 400 acres located at the north
end of the Zanker Lane, of? the Alviso-Milpitas road.
This was a grain and stock ranch, and he leased it
until Mr. Standish purchased it in 1914. In that
year, Mr. Richard moved onto the farm of 120 acres
on the Alviso-Milpitas road, devoted to grain rais-
ing; and he has since resided on the ranch. Since
then he has also purchased a small ranch of twenty-
seven acres at the north end of the Zanker Lane, just
west of the Standish Ranch; and there he has re-
cently completed a well, to obtain the water necessary
for irrigation purposes, and has succeeded in getting
an abundant supply. A broadminded Democrat in
favor of every progressive movement, Mr. Richard
has been especially active in supporting whatever
tended to conserve the resources of the state; and
for a nuinber of years he rendered good service to
his fellow-citizens in the capacity of game warden for
the northern part of Santa Clara County.

NEWMAN HALL.— Erected in 1914, Newman
Hall of San Jose will ever stand as a monument
to its builder, the late Archbishop of San Francisco,
Patrick Williain Riordan, through whose generosity
it was made possible, while its name will recall that
great prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, Cardi-
nal Newman, whose kindly spirit won for him the
love and veneration of his people.

The Newman Club of San Jose was organized pri-
marily as an institution among the Catholic girls to
foster the ideals that have been the basis of progres-
sive civilization during the Christian era. The earliest
manifestation of the idea of a Catholic university
club seems to have been at Oxford. The Newman
society there, under the direction of the Jesuits,
organized in the early '90s. The first club of the
kind in America was an organization of Catholic stu-
dents at Harvard in 1895. Similar organizations
lollowed until there are Catholic clubs in most of the
state universities and a number of the normal schools
and teachers' colleges, and at \'assar, DePauw, Cor-
nell, Bryn Mawr, Smith, Columbia, Brown, Stanford.

The substantial brick and concrete structure erected
at 75 South Fifth Street, San Jose, about seven
>-ears ago, is now the home of 160 young women
students of the State Teachers College at San Jose.
li was one of the last activities that marked the life
achievements of Archbishop Riordan. his death oc-
curring in December, 1914. A large, one-story struc-
ture, it has a large auditorium witli a splcndidh'-
equipped stage, an ideal recreation hall, a library,
reading room, great hospitalile-looking fireplaces and
an open lanai attractively fitted with porch furni-
ture, and there is no question regarding the enjo\--
ment of the young women «ho are fortunate m
this environment. Here the>- may find not only a
place for rest, study and recreation, Init a place
where they may attend lectures, hear good inusic.
and cnio\- other cultural ad\antages. all of which arc
to better" equip them for tlieir profession as teachers.

890

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Kathcr Collins, the rector of St. Patrick's Church
of San Jose, is chaplain of the club and through him
spiritual pabulum is liberally supplied; it has a
lioard of directors consisting of twelve ladies of San
Jose, while the discipline and the details of the busi-
ness is in charge of a resident secretary. In addition
to its marked Christian character, it breathes out a
strictly Californian spirit and is a valuable adjunct
to the State Teachers' College.

BART GATTUCCIO, M. D.— Among the many
physicians who loyally responded to their country's
call during the late war, giving of their professional
services during that crucial time, must be mentioned
Dr. Bart Gattuccio. Able and dependable, he is fast
taking a place among the foremost practitioners of
San Jose. He maintains a suite of offices in the Bank
of San Jose Building, where he has been located
tor the past three years. Dr. Gattuccio was born
in Tratra, Province of Palermo, Sicily, on July 28,
1893, the son of Joseph and Sarah (De Matteo) Gat-
tuccio, who came to Santa Clara County when Bart
was but a lad. His parents are ranchers in the Ever-
green district, owning a thirty-acre fruit ranch.

Bart Gattuccio attended the Evergreen grammar
school and later the San Jose high school where he
graduated with the class of 1912. He then matricu-
lated at the Hahnemann Medical College, at San
Francisco, now affiliated with the University of Cali-
fornia and there he took the regular four-year medi-
cal course, graduating in 1916. After that he served
as an interne at the San Francisco County Hospital
for a year, then went to Santa Cruz and opened up
an office and practiced in Santa Cruz County for a
>'ear. The war breaking out at that time, he enlisted
in the medical service of the U, S. Army and was
stationed at Ft. Riley, Kans., at Camp Lewis, and
Camp Kearney, where he received his honorable dis-
charge, having been given his commission as first
lieutenant. The war being over, doffing his uniform
tor civilian attire, he returned to San Jose there to
resume his practice.

Dr. Gattuccio's marriage, which occurred Decem-
ber 16, 1920, united him to Miss Anna Wallfisch who
was born in Xew York City, but reared in San
Francisco. He is prominent both socially and pro-
fessionally, and enjoys a large and growing general
practice. Fraternally, he is a member of the Amer-
ican Legion, and is a member of the national, state
and county medical societies, in all of which he is a
popular leading member.

THOMAS C. HOGAN.— San Jose owes much to
such experienced and enterprising men as Thomas C.
Hogan, the junior member of Messrs. Popp & Hogan,
the popular printers, lor a first-class exposition of
the "art preservative of arts," and the steadily-increas-
ing patronage accorded this wide-awake firm is well
deserved. A native son, and one always alive to
whatever makes for the development and fame of the
Golden State, Mr. Ho.gan was born at San Jose on
December 4, 1865, the son of Henry Hogan, a painter
who rose to be a contractor. He married Miss
Bridget McCarthy, with whom and their children
he came from Boston across the Isthmus of Panama
in 1863. Landing at San Francisco, the family
pushed inland to San Jose. There were eleven chil-
dren and nine grew to maturity; but only six are.
now surviving.

Having progressed througti the public schools,
Thomas became a student at St. Joseph's College,

at San Jose, and then he learned the printer's trade.
He worked for a while on the Times, and then on
the Mercurj', and then, in 1893, he went into busi-
ness for himself. Those familiar with his skill, and
that of his partner, their taste, methods of transact-
ing liusiness and their high-grade products, will not
be surprised to learn that Messrs. Popp & Hogan
have done well from their start.

A member of the Native Sons of the Golden West,
and their San Jose Parlor No. 22, Mr. Hogan is also
a memljer of the Y. M. I., the Eagles and the Elks.
He belongs to the Romair Catholic Church, and he
is a Democrat. He has served for two years on the
board of library trustees of San Jose, for two years
on the board of education, and for four years as a
member of the city council.

DANIEL W. STOUT.— A craftsman who can well
be proud of his excellent workmanship, perfected
through many years of painstaking work is Daniel
\'V. Stout, cabinet maker, who is counted among the
most expert in the city of San Jose. A native of
Green County, 111 , where he was born at White-
hall on February 28, 1854, his parents were Dr. J. M.
and Julia ( Henderson) Stout, born in Ohio near
Coshocton and removed to Illinois where the father
was pioneer physician, riding horseback in his prac-
tice and carrying medicine in his saddlebags. Both
parents have passed away; they had eight children
of whom Daniel is the fifth, and he attended the
schools at Whitehall, III. At the early age of four-
teen years, he began to learn the carpenter's trade
and worked in that line until eighteen years of age.
He «ent to Kansas and there drove a stage for four
>ears out of Chanute and Independence. Returning
home again, he staj'ed a short time, working as a
carpenter, and then going West, spent a while in
Colorado, and New Mexico, where he drove a stage
and also worked at his trade. The year 1890 marks
his coming to San Jose and for twenty-eight years
he was foreman for J. D. Stuart. During that time
lie built many substantial structures, such as the
Abbot Hotel in Salmas, a large building in Gilroy
for Thomas Rae and two buildings at the Lick Ob-
servatory on Mount Hamilton and has built numer-
ous residences and business houses in San Jose. When
J. D. Stuart passed away, Mr. Stout took over the
business and now does mostly shop work and has
become very successful; he also does a large amount
of cabinet w-ork, in which line he is considered an
expert. Aside from his contracting business, Mr.
Stout with his two sons own a 2,000-acre ranch be-
yond Mt. Hamilton, which is well wooded and
watered and devoted to farming and stockraising.

Mr. Stout's marriage, which occurred on Novem-
ber 8, 1882, united him with Miss Sina Fair, a native
of Whitehall, III., and they are the parents of four
children; Percy and Carl were both enlisted in the
defense of their country during the World War;
Percy is now on the ranch and Carl is engaged in
mining at Virginia City, Nev.; Nina and Leola. Mr.
Stout and his family have made a large circle of
friends during their long residence in this city and
has a high standing in business circles residing with
liis family at 325 Gifford Avenue. He is past grand
of Observatory Lodge No. 23, I. O. O. F., and past
chief patriarch of the Encampment and with his wife
is a member of the Rebekahs. In national politics,
Ik is a stanch adherent of the Republican party.

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

891

PAUL RUDOLPH.— A highly-ostOL-mcd ifprcsoii-
tativf of the successful, influential California financier
is Paul Rudolph, the popular cashier of the First Na-
tional Bank of San Jose, a native son wlio was born
in Bitter Water \'alley. San Benito County, Cal., on
March ol, 1881. His father, C. L. Rudolph, came to
California about 1864 and settled down to farming,
and here he was married to Miss Ellen Marie Schmidt,
who came out to the coast shortly after liis arrival.
Mr. Rudolph died in March, 1911, the father of six
children, among whom were four boys. Paid, who
was next to the youngest, attended the public schools
of his locality and then remained at home assisting
Ins father on the ranch until eighteen years of age,
when he found eniplo\'nient at ranching, accumulating
the means by which he was able to attend the Pa-
cific Coast Business College in San Jose, from which
he was graduated in 1904. For a while he was with
O. \\'. Palmer, and when he had become thoroughly
conversant with the ins and outs of mercantile and
financial transactions, he entered the service of the
First National Bank, in November, 1904, commencing
as a clerk. From the beginning, Mr. Rudolph found
banking congenial to his temperament and worked
himself up through various positions, and in May,
1919, he was made cashier. This responsible office
lie still fills, to the satisfaction of all who know him,
giving personal attention to the wants of all w ho deal
with the bank. He has been honored with the sec-
retaryship of the San Jose Clearing House, and has
been made secretary of Group 3 of the California
Bankers Association and in addition his fellow-citi-
zens have asked him to serve as treasurer of San Jose.
Interested in the cause of education, Mr. Rudolph has
consented to serve as trustee of Hester school district,
to which he generously- gives the necessary time and
attention. The family reside on Yosemite Street and
he is a member of the Hester Improvement Club.

At Palo Alto on August 30, 1911, Mr. Rudolph was
married to Miss Evelyn Kennedy of South Dakota,
who was educated in Beloit, Wis., completing her
education at Stanford University, and they have three
children — Eva R., Ellen M., and Paul Rudolph, Jr.
The family attend the Presbyterian Church and par-
ticipate in much uplift work in the community. Mr.
Rudolph was made a Mason in Fraternity Lodge No.
399, F. & A. M., of which he is past master, is a mem-
ber of the Consistory', San Jose Country Club, the
Elks, president of the 100 Per Cent Club and a
charter member of the Commercial Club.

VALENTINE KOCH.— An interesting representa-
t>ve of one of the most interesting, because most im-
portant of modern industries is Valentine Koch, the
senior member of the well-known and popular firm,
V. Koch & Sons. He was born in Bavaria, Ger-
many, in March, 1850, the son of Valentine Koch,
whose good wife was Caroline Kline before her mar-
riage. Both of these worthy parents, who did what
they could to start the lad well in the world, are
now deceased.

Valentine Koch, Jr., enjoyed the advantages of the
common schools in Germany, until fourteen years of
age, when he crossed the ocean to the New World.
For three years he remained in New York, and there
he took up the harness-tnaker's trade, learning it
thoroughly and thus well-eciuipping himself for the
luture. In 1867, however, he decided to come out
to California. Here he pitched his tent at San Jose

and for thirteen years worked with Mr. Stern in the
haru'-s business. Then, with a Mr. Kaiser, he took
up I he making of buggies and harness, and under the
firm name of Kaiser & Koch, they advanced to suc-
cess and prosperity. From his seventeenth year,
then, until the present, .Mr. Koch has followed sad-
dlery; and now he is engaged with his sons in the
handling of automobiles, a line of trade founded by
them seven years ago. They handle the Elgin Six
and have Santa Clara County for their territory.

In 1879, at San Francisco, Mr. Koch was married
to Miss Molly Leibenberg. and they have been
blessed with two boys and two girls. Mr. Koch
belongs to the Masons, the Odd Fellows, the Shriners
and the Elks, and is a Republican in his preference
for national political platforms. Mr. Koch served
his fellow-citizens as mayor of San Jose in 1896-97,
and prior to that hi served in the San Jose city
council for four years. He was also a commissioner
of the y\gncw Asylum for four years, having been
appointed by Governor Waterman. Mr. Koch helped
to organize the San Jose Building and Loan Asso-
ciation, and he is now its president, and the only
member living that served on its first board of di-
rectors. He is, in addition, a director of the First
National Bank.

JOHN W. MACAULAY.— In whatever part of the
world you find the Scotchman, the people of his com-
munity look to him as an example of thrift and
industry; a friend of education and enlightenment
and standing for all that constitutes good citizenship.
The citizen of whom we narrate is John W. Macau-
lay, a native of the land of Burns, who has been
identified with Santa Clara County for more than a
half century and whose parents were among the set-
tlers of 1870, coming to this city when it was nothing
more than a small town.

Born on February 24, 1860, John W. was the son
of John and Elizabeth (Wilson) Macaulay, wdio were
also natives of Scotland and coming to America in
1865, made their first home in this country in Chicago
and then later coming to California, located in San
Jose in 1870. The father engaged in the photograph
business and continued in this line until his death,
which occurred in 1876, the mother surviving him
until the year 1903.

John received a fair education in the public schools
of San Jose and went to work in his father's estab-
lishment and at his father's death, took charge of the
business. For a while he was in partnership with Mr.
Milton Loryea, who was also a photographer, and
they worked under the firm name of Loryea and
Macaulay, their studio being at 26 South First Street,
and here they worked together from 1880 to 1886.
Mr. Macaulay then associated himself with the T. W.
Hobson Company in their clothing store for about
twenty years. In 1906 he embarked in the orchard
business at Visalia with J. H. Henry. Disposing of
this property in 1919, he established himself in the
lealty business as the Macaulay Farms Company,
at 119 North First Street, in which he has been
very successful.

Mr. Macaulay married Miss Mattie Hobson, a na-
tive of San Jose, and they are the parents of a
daughter. Hazel I., and a son, Thaddcus \V., who is
secretary and manager of the Macauia\- Farms Com-
pany-, Inc. In 1921 Mr. Macaulay, in conjunction
with his brother-in-law, W. B. Hobson, the pioneer
clothier, formed the San Jose Securities Company,

892

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

incorporated, which is now a flourishing organization,
its offices being with Macaulay Farms Company, Inc.,
at 119 North First Street.

Mr. Macaulay has always been a very active man,
t:'.king part in all movements for the good of the
city in which he lives and serving well the country
of his adoption. He served for three years in the
California National Guards; was a member of the
city council for the four years during 1898 and 1902,
when the first charter went into effect; in many ways
he has shown his deep interest in work of the
Chamber of Commerce and the San Jose Realty
Board, being secretary of the latter. He is a popular
member of the B. P. O. Elks, and in national politics
he is a stanch adherent of the Republican party.

MRS. ADELA R. GUGLIERL— An esteemed
resident of Madrone, Santa Clara County, whose
early years were spent in the land of her birth, Mex-
ico, is Mrs. Adela R. Guglieri, whose husband, the
late Dr. August A. Guglieri, was a well-known phy-
sician of San Francisco, and who, in addition to his
large medical practice, was extensively interested
in horticulture and viticulture, leaving a valuable es-
tate at his passing away.

Mrs. Guglieri was born at Colima, Mexico, De-
cember 16, 1874; her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Marce-
lino Rodriguez, both died when she was a babe, and
she was given a mother's care by Mrs. Viviana Ca-
rillo, a close friend of her parents. She was reared
and educated at Colima, residing there until 1893,
when she accompanied Mrs. Carillo to San Fran-
cisco, where they made their home until Mrs. Ca-
rillo's death in 1897. In May, 1902, at San Fran-
cisco, she was united in marriage with Dr. A. A.
Guglieri, and the Bay section remained their home
until 1907, when they removed to Madrone, where
Dr. Guglieri passed away on November 29, 1919.
One child, a daughter, Mary, was born to them and
she is now the wife of K. Bolli of Madrone and the
mother of a son, Eugene.

Dr. A. A. Guglieri was born at Genoa, Italy, De-
cember 13, 1859, the son of a wealthy merchant of
Genoa, who for many years operated a large fleet
of merchant vessels from this port. He often too'k
passage on these vessels on their long journeyings,
and so becaine acquainted with the people and cus-
toms of many lands and climes. When twenty-eight
years old he started on a trip around the world and
on arriving in Mexico, was so fascinated with this
country that he took up the study of herbalist with
the Indians at Colima. In 1890 he removed to San
Jose and practiced his profession for eleven years,
then went to San Francisco and entered Cooper
Medical Colle.ge, and after graduating from this well-
known institution, now a part of Stanford Univer-
sity, he took up the practice of medicine in San
Francisco, becoming widely known and establishing
a lucrative practice, in which he actively continued
up to three years before his death, maintaining an
office in San Jose for a few years.

Dr. Guglieri's first marriage had united him with
Miss Frances Carillo, who was a native of Colima,
Mexico, and four children were born of this mar-
riage: Gregory fiuglieri, whose sketch appears else-
where in this volume; Louise, the wife of Charles
Haggans of San Francisco and the mother of one
danglitcr; Irene, Mrs. Marco Borello of Morgan
Hill, has one son; Frances, Mrs. Albert Pauls of

Gooding, Idaho, has a son and a daughter. Mrs.
Frances Guglieri passed away at San Francisco on
the third of February, 1901.

In September, 1899, Dr. Guglieri acquired a tract
of ninety acres east of Madrone, which he developed
into a fine vineyard. Successful in his profession he
accumulated a competency, and from time to time
increased his property holdings, and at his passing
away he left an estate made up of valuable realty
holdings in San Francisco, Oakland, Morgan Hill,
Redwood City and Madrone. A man of high stand-
ing both in professional and business circles, Dr.
Guglieri had a wide circle of friends, to whom his
death, in November, 1919, came as a distinct loss.

ELTON R. BAILEY.— An efficient administrator
whose wide experience and especial adeptness to the
peculiar demands of his responsible position have had
much to do with oiling the machinery of local com-
mercial and financial life, is Elton R. Bailey, the
superintendent of the Merchants Association Credit
Bureau, with headquarters at 74 North First Street,
San Jose, and a membership of 394. As might be
expected, he is a native son, and first saw the light
at Yreka, Cal, on May 22, 1858. His father, Caleb
Bailey, born May 7, 1827, married Miss Arilla Cox,
born February 20, 1827, and together they came
across the plains by oxen in 1849, proceeding first
to Oregon. They brought one son with them, their
oldest child. One son was born in Oregon and four
daughters and our subject were born in California.
Four of the seven are living. From there they
journeyed to California, and at Yreka Mr. Bailey en-
gaged in mining. After several years of hard and
fairly successful work in that field, he and his family
removed to Mendocino County; and there he fol-
lowed farming until his death on February 14, 1896.
Mrs. Bailey, a devoted wife and mother, is also dead,
having passed away on February 1, 1910.

Elton went through the local schools at Ukiah,
but as a mere boy he had to go to work, and so a
large part of his most helpful education was ob-
tained in the great school of experience. He re-
mained on the farm until he was twenty-one years
of age, and then he came to San Jose and took a
course in bookkeeping at the business college m
this city. At the same time, he entered the serv-
ice of the Southern Pacific Coast Railroad, and there
he remained until he was appointed secretary to the
medical superintendent of the Agnew State Hospital,
a position he continued to fill with credit to him-
self and satisfaction to many others for eight years.
Then he engaged in real estate transactions in San
Jose for a year, and at the end of that period was
appointed bookkeeper at the Agnew State Hospital,
\,here he remained for ten years. Returning to San
Jose, he was made day captain of police and for five
\ears was charged with the preservation of law and
order in and about town. In Juh', 1913, he accepted
his present responsible trust, requiring for its suc-
cessful discharge a good knowledge of human nature
and daily transactions in life, and much tact and far-
sightedness. Naturally Mr. Bailey is a live wire in
I he San Jose Chamber of Commerce.

Afr. Bailey has been married twice. His first union
\.as with Annie Foster, a native daughter by whom
one child. Hazel, now Mrs. David A. Dowsett, of
Honolulu, was born. His second marriage united
b:m with Miss Laura P. La Montague, also a native

OA. f^-^-^/^^^iy^ y^.,^.

HISTDRV (.)F SANTA CLARA COUNTY

897

of California and one daughter has hlesscd this
union: Marion J., a student in the puhhe school.
In politics, Mr. Bailey is a Republican, and is a
M° Mason, is past master of vSan Jose lodge No. 10,
and in the San Jose chapter of the Eastern Star he
is a past patron. He also belongs to the Native Sons
of the Golden West, and to San Jose Pyramid No. 9
A. E. O. S. (Since this sketch was written, Mr.
Bailey passed away, on June 10, 1922.)

WILLIAM B. HOWE.— A public-spirited man who
left behind him a blessed memory at his passing
away was \\'illiani B. Howe, who located in Cali-
fornia in 1882. A native of Schenectady, N. Y., he
was born on February 27. 1854, a son of Erastus and
Mary J. (Burton) Howe, who moved to Wisconsin
; nd settled in the vicinity of Sparta w hen their son
V. as a child. Both parents passed their remaining
\ears in that locality, the mother surviving until the
summer of 1^21, when she died at the age of eighty-
seven years.

William B. Howe attended the public schools of
,^parta. Wis., and at an early age took up agricul-
tural pursuits, following that calling in both Wis-
consin and near Minneapolis, Minn., when he came
to California in 1882 on account of his health. He
had married Miss Letty Lanham and thej' had one
son, William L. Howe, now residing in San Jose
and the father of two boys, Edwin W. and W'illiam
B. Mrs. Howe died before he came to California.
Mr. Howe settled in San Jose on account of the
t'ne climate and he soon became a traveling sales-
man, representing at different times, various houses
of San Francisco, and he continued that vocation for
eighteen years. For eight years he was connected
with the Pacific Milling Company at Paso Robles,
where he made his home. He next bought an inter-
est in the Scovel Iron Store Company of San Fran-
cisco and made his home at San Jose, where he had
purchased a six-acre orchard in The Willows and
during the time he was not on the road devoted his
time to cultivating his place.

Soon after coming to this state Mr. Howe was
married to Miss Clara B. Bonar on February 19,
1883, who was a native of Iowa and a daughter of
the late Joseph A. Bonar and his wife, who was in
maidenhood Miss Anna Forgraves, both natives of
Ohio, the latter of Virginian stock. Mr. Bonar came
to California in 1872 and followed the trade of a
contracting plasterer for many years and was em-
ployed on many of the public buildings, busiiress
lilocks and residences in San Jose during his active
career. He died here in 1902 and Mrs. Bonar passed
away in 1906. Of their seven children three are still
hving: Mrs. Lydia Dalve of Richmond, Cal; Charles
^\ ., of San Francisco, and Mrs. Howe.

In 1892 Mr. and Mrs. Howe purchased the tract
of six acres known as the Pitkin orchard, located
on Meridian Road in The Willows and this has since
been the family home. Mr. Howe passed away on
May 14, 1914, honored and respected by all who
knew or had business dealings with him. Since
his death Mrs. Howe has carried on the ranch with
fair financial returns. She is a member of the Parent-
Teachers Association of the Willow Glen School and
of the San Jose High School. She has an adopted
daughter, Eola A. Howe, now a student in the San
Jose State Normal. Mr. Howe was a Thirty-second
degree Scottish Rite Mason and a Shriner, holding

n'cnibership in Aahmes Temple in Oakland. He
was made a Mason in 1878 at Salem, Wis., but de-
mitted to the San Jose lodge after he settled here,
lie was also a member of the Woodmen of the
\\ orhl and in politics he was a Democrat on national
issues, but for local .iftairs he supported the best
man lor public office, regardless of party affiliations.
."Kt Ins passing the county lost a stanch and honor-
:d)le citizen, one who was respected and honored by
•all who knew him.

GEORGE L. KEESLING.— Among the early set-
tlers of Santa Clara County came the Keesling fam-
ily from lar-away Minnesota, now so worthily repre-
st-nted by George L. Keesling, the manager of the
i{arl I'ruit Company of California: and having lo-
cated in San Jose, they have ever since performed
their share in the building of the city. George Kees-
hn.g was born in Minneapolis on CJctober 10, 1867,
a son of Thomas B. and Elizabeth (Hasty) Keesling.
both of whom are now deceased, the latter having
passed away on January 25, 1913, and the former on
January 11, 1918. Mr. Keesling, who came to Cali-
iornia with his family in 1873, had been engaged as a
farmer and a merchant in or near Minneapolis, and
he became one of the pioneer orchardists of San Jose.

George attended the Willow Glen grammar school,
and then pursued the courses of the high school in
San Jose, and topped off his studies with a good
liractical commercial course in the Garden City Busi-
ness College of San Jose, receiving in all a splendid
training for the duties of life. He busied himself in
his father's orchards until he reached his twenty-
first year, and then he was for four years in the
employ of the Wells Fargo Express Company. He
next clerked in a grocery for three years, and in
1891 planted an orchard on Bird Avenue, to which
fie gave his personal attention until 1915, when he
subdivided the five acres, which were in the city limits.

Since 1918, Mr. Keesling has been manager of the
San Jose branch of the Earl Fruit Company of Cali-
fornia, a position for which his long years of special
training and broad experience have eminently quali-
fied him. The San Jose branch of this famous com-
pany employs, during its busy season, more than
100 people all comfortably quartered in one of the
most sanitary establishments of modern equipment
such as always makes work easier, and it is not sur-
prising that the company is able to send out a product
ef only the highest quality-, and easily to maintain
the standard. Mr. Keesling was elected to member-
ship in the city council, but he served only a portion
of the term, havin,g been compelled to resign on ac-
cc>unt of the demands of his private business affairs.

Mr. Keesling's marriage on April 26, 1891. united
l.im with Miss Lila M. Hodges, who was a native
of San Jose, and now they are the parents of two
children, George H. and Jeannette L.. who became
Mrs. Thomas P. Kennedy and passed away at the
age of twenty-four. In his earlier years Mr. Keesling
served for three years in the National Guard of
California, and thus maintained tlie public-spirited,
patriotic tradition of his pioneer folks. His parents
reared and educated eleven children, all of whom are
still living, save one, — Oliver M. Keesling. who died
cp. October 10, 1921. The others yet honoring the
good name of their ancestors arc Mrs. G. W. Hanson.
F. U. Keesling, L. B. Keeslm.g, H. G. Keesling, A. C.
Keesling, Mrs. Carrie F. ilitchell, George E. Kees-

898

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

ling, Thomas C. Kcesling, and Edwin E. Keesling,
jnd his twin-sister, Mrs. Jacob Knack. In national
politics a stanch Republican, Mr. Keesling belongs
lo San Jose lodge No. 522, B. P. O. Elks.

MRS. EMMA HIRSCH.— Widely known as one of
the Ix'St-appointed and most up-to-date of all under-
taking establishments in Santa Clara County is the
spacious, ornate building, elegantly and appropriate-
ly furnished, belonging to Mrs. Emma Hirsch, a
woman of attractive personality who so well mas-
tered her profession, and so well succeeded in her
l)usincss that she has not only built, but paid for,
her extensive e(|uipment; and risen to her leading
position in both Santa Clara and San Jose. Her
strength of character, her agreeable temperament and
uplifting sentiments, her family connections which
have always made and kept her active in society,
where she is a favorite, — all these features have con-
tributed to draw to her those in distress and need-
ing, often at the very moment when most helpless
themselves, guidance, comfort and helpful service.
Mrs. Hirsch is entitled to the credit of building up
her well-arranged and well-managed enterprise un-
der the name of the Santa Clara Undertaking Com-
pany, which is now located at 1098 Jackson Street,
at the corner of Benton. She started business in the
liuilding of the Bank of Italy, and when the owners
decided to remodel the edifice so as to devote the
entire building to banking offices and stores, Mrs.
Hirsch. finding no other place suitable for her needs,
decided to put up a structure of her own. She is
the widow of the late Emil G. Hirsch, for many
years justice of the peace and for five years an un-
dertaker at Santa Clara, who had died on March 31,
1913; and as she had learned embalming and the other
details from her husband, she had continued to con-
duct the business founded by him.

She was born in San Jose, and is a daughter of the
late Fred and Emma (Kreig) Bunemann, well-known
pioneer merchant folks at San Jose. They came to
San Jose in early days, and Mr. Bunemann was
well and favorably known as a manufacturer and
business man. He contracted erysipelas and died in
less than two weeks at the age of forty-two. Mr.
Bunemann was a gifted vocalist and frecjuently fav-
ored San Jose audiences with his beautiful voice and
he was much loved and esteemed by everyone. His
widow now lives in San Francisco, the mother of
five children, among whom our subject is the second.

She attended the schools in San Jose, enjoying
both grammar and high school advantages, and then
clerked for Nathan & Dohrnian, the Palace Crockery
dealers. On May 2. 1894. she was married to the late
Emil < i. Hirsch, a native of Chicago who came to
Santa Clara as a young man, and for eighteen years
worked for the Eherhard Tannery Company. He
was elected justice of the peace in Santa Clara and
served for a term; during this time he studied law
and became well versed in all legal matters. He
then went into undertaking, after he and his tal-
ented wife had taken the courses at Barnes School
of Embalming, from which both graduated, receiv-
ing state licenses. However he passed away just as
lie had the business established, leaving a daughter.
Ora Lee, a graduate of Santa Clara High and the
Practical School of Business in San Jose and during
the war saw service as a yeomanette, rising to the
position of Chief Yeomanette. She is now the wife

of Theodore E. Merritt, a broker in Oklahoma City,
Okla. Judge Hirsch was a prominent Mason and
was past master of Liberty Lodge, F. & A. M.,
Santa Clara, and was also a member of San Jose
Chapter, R. A. M. and San Jose Commandery,
K. T., and Islam Temple A. A. O. N. M. S. in San
Francisco. He was also an Odd Fellow in which he
was a past grand.

Mrs. Hirsch drew the plans, and built and paid
for her fine building at the corner of Benton and
Jackson streets, in Santa Clara, which is designed
exclusively for undertaking; and she is able to de-
velop her ideas as to the ideal thing in undertaking,
as fast as the ever-growing patronage makes it pos-
sible to expand. She belongs to the Rebekah lodge of
Santa Clara and Santa Clara Chapter, Order of East-
ern Star; and also to the Kings Daughters in the
same city, and she is a member of the Episcopal
Church in Santa Clara. She is a niece of J. J. Son-
theimer. the father of Urban Sontheimer, justice of
the peace of San Jose, and of Gustav Nelson, the
retired capitalist of that city, and she is also a niece
of the late John J. Stock of San Jose. Thus popular
and welcome in business, religious and fraternal cir-
cles, Mrs. Hirsch exerts an enviable influence for
good, to the brightening and stimulating of many
lives, and accomplishing far more than merely the
making of success in a commercial enterprise.

CHARLES M. RICHARDS, M. D.— Prominent
among the representatives of medical science in Cali-
fornia may well be mentioned Dr. Charles M. Rich-
ards, the Roentgenologist, of whom both San Jose
and Santa Clara County are justly proud. He was
1 orn in the pretty home town of Watsonville on No-
vember 10, 1881, the son of William S. Richards,
^\ho came to California with his family in 1878 and
five years later removed to San Jose, where he be-
came president of the Security Bank, which he had
oiganized. He married Miss Alice Alexander, a cul-
tured lady who exerted a wide influence, made many
friends and passed from this life to the Great Beyond
on April 22, 1920, Mr. Richards having preceded her,
his death occurring on June 10, 1915.

Dr. Richards began his educational training at the
Washburn School, after which he matriculated at
Stanford University from which he was duly grad-
uated, with the Bachelor of Arts degree, in 1903.
Going East, he commenced the study of medicine
at Harvard, and in 1907 was graduated from the medi-
cal department of Harvard University, with the degree
of M. D. "cum laude." He spent a year as interne
in the Boston City Hospital, then went to Europe
and studied in Vienna. Returning to America Dr.
Richards settled at San Jose, the only place in
which he has ever practiced, and from the beginning
of his career here he has been unusually success-
ful. He belongs to the American Medical Associa-
tion, the State and County medical societies, and also
ihe Pacific Coast Roentgen Ray Society, American
Roentgen Ray Society, the Radiological Association
of North America. In addition, as a representative
man of affairs, he is vice-president of the Security
State Bank of San Jose.

Dr. Richards was married at San Jose on August
28, 1907, to Miss Alice Rodgers, a native of Quincy,
Cal, and the daughter of Chas. G. and Elizabeth
(Hcmler) Rodgers; and their union has been blessed
with the birth of two sons: William S. and Charles M.

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

901

Richards, Ji'. I'hc family attend the First Pres-
byterian Church ot San Jose. Dr. Richards is a
u'.ember c>f the Elks, the Rotary and the Country
clubs, and he devotes some of his leisure to his
hobby, the study and enjoyment of music, being di-
rector of the Elks Concert Orchestra of San Jose,
and the Richards Club, — a chorus of male voices. He
is a former member of the San Jose Library Board
and the Board of Health, and during the World War
he served for eightct-n months in the U. S. forces
.t; captain in the medical corps with Base Hospital
Xo. oO in France. Since returning from the service
he has limited his practice exclusively to X-ray and
radium work,

ANGELO DI FIORE.— Coming to California in
the vigor of his early manhood forty-eight j^ears ago,
Angelo Di Fiore, is an excellent representative of the
pioneer element of his day. Daring, enterprising, and
full of life and energy, he at once became identified
with the development of the horticultural resources
of the state. A native of Italy, he was born in Paler-
mo on Januar>' 23. 1848, a son of Dominic and Rose
Di Fiore. his parents coming to the United States
forty-two 3-ears ago. Both parents have passed away.

Angelo di Fiore was educated in the public schools
of Italy and Santa Clara County, and came to Amer-
ica when he was twenty-two years old. He worked
on ranches for a time and later traveled over the
East and South, dealing in oranges and other fruits
;aid became well known as an honest and conscien-
tious dealer. In 1874 he settled in Santa Clara County
and his first purchase of land consisted of twelve
acres on which he built his house and planted his
orchard, and still is the home-place. He bought
another place of eleven acres near by and set that
to fruit trees: then he purchased forty acres in the
Berryessa district, and m addition to that has 240
acres above Saratoga; fifty acres now in grapes,
which is one of the most profitable ranches in the
fertile Santa Clara Valley. It is known as the Sum-
mit Rock Ranch, and in order to reach this vineyard
he was obliged to build seven miles of private road.
Success has come to him through his faithfulness,
industry and hard work, and he is counted among
the most enterprising and successful orchardists of
his community.

Mr. Di Fiore's marriage occurred in Santa Clara
and united him with Miss Rose Flora, and they are
the parents of five interesting and intelligent chil-
dren: Rose, Elizabeth, Angeline, Domenico and
Genevia. In national politics he supports and votes
for the candidates as endorsed by the Republican
party. The optimistic spirit which he possesses sus-
tained him through all the trials of frontier existence
and brought him, in the enjoyment of a competency,
to the present era of prosperity and progress.

BYRON MILLARD.— Anyone who has been in
San Jose for a considerable time knows what su-
perior postal facilities that progressive, fast-develop-
ing city enjoys, but not everyone is aware that the
public is indebted for the perfected and well-main-
tained service largely to Byron Millard, the genial
and accommodating postmaster. He first saw the
hght at Green Lake, Wis., on October 9, 1861. His
father was George S. Millard from New York State,
who had married Miss Phoebe J. Cook, also a native
of that state; and they became early settlers in Wis-
consin in the '50s. After a while, they migrated to

California and San Jose; and here the esteemed old
folks lived until their deaths. The}- had six children,
and Byron was their third child.

He attended the grammar and high schools in
Wisconsin, and for several terms taught school in
lli:it slate and in North Dakota. Then he was in the
iaih\a\- mail service for six years in North Dakota
and Montana, but in 1893 came out to California. He
went into the book and stationery trade, and in part-
nership with his brother, F. J. Millard, started the
firm of Alillard Bros., still under that name. They
started in a modest way, worked hard and have been
\er}- successful.

^ On October 14, 1891, Mr. Millard married Miss
Gertrude B. Tilden, a graduate of Jamestown College
and a member of a long-established New England
family. Their union has been blessed with four
children: Phoebe passed away at the age of eight;
Bryant Tilden is a graduate of Stanford and as a
civil engineer worked on the State Highway; Roger
E. is in high school; and the next younger is Ger-
trude B. Millard. The family attend the Trinity
Episcopal Church and they share ilr. Millard's en-
thusiasm for fishing and camping in the mountains.

Mr. Millard's party preferences lead him to affiliate
with the Democrats, but he is both broadminded
and public-spirited, and has served very acceptably
as a member of the board of education. He belongs
to the Lions Club and was a director of the Cham-
ber of Commerce for a number of years, and always
takes an active part in civic affairs. \'ery naturally
he came into line for still greater service to his
fellow-citizens, and he was made postmaster in July,
1913, serving until 1922, his appointment being one
of the first in the state by President Wilson.

ROBERT I. BENTLEY, JR.— A well-organized,
highly productive and very prosperous establishment
of which San Jose is justly proud is the Muirson Label
& Carton Company, whose president is Robert I.
Bentley, Jr., a native of Santa Clara, where he was
born on April 3, 1887. His father, Robert I. Bentley,
was born in Chicago, the son of a Methodist Epis-
copal clergyman who came out to San Jose in early
days. The father came with his folks to San Jose
when he was six years of age, and eventually became
manager of the Fifth Street Cannery. Now he is
president of the California Packing Corporation. He
m.arried Miss Georgia Dixon, a native of Santa Clara
t'ounty, whose parents came across the plains with the
Pyle family. Growing up. Miss Dixon taught school
and so had a special share in helping to lay the first
timbers for the commonwealth's foundation. Both
parents of our subject are still living.

The family left for Sacramento when Robert was
still a child, and he attended the Military Academy
at Belmont and afterwards finished at the LTniversity
of California. Then he was with the California Fruit
Canners Association in San Francisco until 1910, and
after that went into business for himself. In 1914
he came to San Jose and with G. A. Muirson estab-
lished the business with which his name has become
so intimately associated. Mr. Muirson was presi-
dent until his death in December. 1919. when Mr.
Bentley succeeded to that responsible office. The
company employs fift}- men, and has another plant
ai- Stockton where it gives steady employment to as
many more skilled workers. Mr. Bentley belongs to
the San Jose Chamber of Commerce and also to the
Rotarv Club. In national politics a Republican, he

902

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

docs what he can to favor sound legislation favorable
to a healthy state of business good for everybody.

At Oakland, on April 27, 1908, Mr. Bentley was
married to Miss Edna Whitney, of that city, and they
have two children, — a son, Robert I. Bentley, third,
and a daughter named Edith Adams Bentley. Both
the Country and the Sainte Claire clubs claim Mr.
Bentley as 'one of their own, and he is fond of golf
and other outdoor recreations. Patriotic and public-
spirited to a high degree, he w^as major of field
artillery in the recent World War, enlisting as a pri-
vate in June, 1917, and served six months in France.

JAMES MILTON KIDWELL.— Hard work,
economy and perseverance constitute the basis for the
success of James Milton Kidwell, a rancher on the
Homestead Road, two miles west from Santa Clara.
He is a native of Missouri, born near Newark, Knox
County. August 30, 1878, the son of Lee and Martha
(Eve) Kidwell. The father was a native of Kentucky
and removed to Danville, 111 , when a young man and
farmed there; later he removed to Knox County, Mo.,
where he farmed near Newark until he sold the place
and returned to Illinois, engaging in farming and
stock raising near Danville, Vermillion County, in
time becoming the most extensive feeder of cattle in
that region. He died in 1885, aged only thirty-five
years, leaving a widow and five children, of whom
James Milton is the third oldest. The mother con-
tinued on the farm for a year when she moved to
Knox County, Mo. She was also born in Kentucky,
but her brothers were living in Missouri, and there
she purchased eighty acres of land and reared her
family. A noble woman, she lived for her children
and did all she could to rear and educate them well.
She passed away at the age of sixty years.

James Milton Kidwell divided his time between at-
tending the local school and working on the home
farm until twelve years of age. after which he worked
out on farms for wages, which he gave to his mother,
so the most of his education has been obtained by
self-study, reading and in the school of experience,
and he has become a well-informed man. Soon after
reaching his majority he was married at Shelbyville,
Shelby County, Mo., August 17, 1898, to Miss Lena
Cox, a native of Knox County, Mo., the daughter of
James Howard and Rebecca fPlunkett) Cox, born
in Indianapolis, Ind., and Sangamon County, 111., re-
spectively, but were married in Missouri and became
well-to-do farmers near Newark, Mo. The father is
now seventy-two years of age and the mother is sixty-
five. Of their six children Mrs. Kidwell is the sec-
ond oldest, and she received her education in the pub-
lic schools in Missouri. Soon after their marriage
they purchased twenty acres at Epworth, Shelby
County, and engaged in general farming, until the}'
decided to come to California, Selling their holding
they arrived at Santa Clara. Cal., March 1,3, 1902,
where Mr. Kidwell was in the employ of the Pacific
Manufacturing Company for eighteen months when
they returned to Shelby County, Mo., purchasing an
eighty-acre farm. However, their longing and desire
to live in the land of sunshine and flowers became so
great that they sold this farm and on April 7, 1909,
they returned and purchased a home in Santa Clara
and Mr. Kidwell returned to his former place of em-
ployment, continuing until 1912, when he purchased
an eleven-acre ranch, a part of the old Woodham
place on AVoodhams Avenue, later seventeen acres

adjoining, so he now owns twenty-eight acres in a
body. The ranch is amply irrigated and in full-bear-
ing prunes and apricots. He also has leased a thirty-
seven-acre orchard on the Homestead Road and farms
this in connection with his own place. He also owns
another residence on Homestead Road as well as
town property in Herald, Sacramento County. He
has been a close student of horticulture and has be-
come one of the best-informed men in that direction
in his section. Mr. and Mrs. Kidwell are the parents
of two children: Hazel is now Mrs. Morton of San
Jose; Carl, a native son, born April 7, 1912, is at home.
Mr. and Mrs. Kidwell are both stanch Republicans;
fraternally Mr. Kidwell is a member of Santa Clara
Lodge No. 238, I. O. O. F. They are both consistent
members of the First Baptist Church of Santa Clara
in which Mr. Kidwell is a deacon and trustee, while
Mrs. Kidwell has been clerk of the official board for
several years and is a member of the Ladies' Auxil-
iary. She IS a woman of much energy and business
acumen, and Mr. Kidwell gives much of the credit
for his success to her faithful cooperation, encourage-
ment and assistance.

EDWARD FRANCIS DISTEL.— Among the men

who stand for progress and improvement in all that
has to do with the public life of the community and
has made a place for himself in the business circles
of San Jose, is E. F, Distel, manager of the San
Jose Engraving Company. He was born in San
Francisco on February 11, 1869, the son of Francois
and Josephine (Anstett) Distel. The father came to
California in the early sixties and engaged at first in
the shoe business and followed this occupation until
his death in 1880.

Edward Distel received his education in the schools
of San Francisco and then started engraving at the
age of sixteen. He was one of the first men to learn
the art of photo-engraving in California, studying
under Van De Castell and R. S. McCabe, who intro-
duced photo-engraving in San Francisco. The devel-
opment of this new art was an epoch-making event
in the printing world, as it revolutionized the whole
field of illustration. So accustomed is the present
generation to life-like illustrations and elaborate lay-
outs, worked out with the utmost artistry, as, for
instance, in magazine advertising, that it is diflicult
to realize the radical change that photo-engraving
has brought since the days of woodcuts and lithog-
raphy. The first money he ever earned was on
March 17, 1887, when he made some of the first
photo-engraving for R. S. McCabe Company, who
furnished all the daily papers of San Francisco,
namely, the Morning Call, Evening Bulletin, Daily
Alta California, Chronicle, Examiner, Evening Post,
Franco-Californian and the Daily Report. On Oc-
tober 9. 1902, he came to San Jose, where, on Oc-
to]5er 10, 1902, he established the business in which
he is now engaged and where he employs six men.
At first it was a hard struggle to get the business
on a profitable financial basis but he has now at-
tained success, the well-deserved reward of a man
who has had to put forth every effort in his early
years of business.

Mr. Distel's marriage united him with Winifred
\"eronica Wise, born in Watsonville, Cal., whose
father, Preston Wise, was a veteran of the Mexican
War and settled in California in the year 1852. In
religious faith Mr. Distel is a Catholic. He is past

:f^^a^ Gl y/^cL^y^^/t

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

905

grauil knight of the San Jose Council Kniglits of
Cohimhus, and is a mcmhcr of the Elks, Lo> al Ol-
der of Moose, the Grand Fraternity and the Native
Sons of the Golden West. A hrni heliever in the
principle of protection ilr. Distel in national politics
IS a Repuhlican.

HENRY W. LESTER.— The owner of a lar,i;e
atreage comprising some of the fmest orchard prop-
erty in the Edenvale district, Henry \V. Lester has
n;ade a decided success in the held of horticulture.
The oldest living son of one of Santa Clara County's
most esteemed residents, Mr. Lester was horn at
Xorwich, Conn., on June 6, 1876. his i>arents hein.g
Amos and Carrie (Spicer) Lester, hoth members of
old Colonial families of New London County, Conn.,
prominent since pre-Revolutionary 'days in the life
of the state.

In 1890 Henry Lester accompanied his parents to
California, and his bo\-hood da_\-s here were spent on
the ranch, attending school at San Ysidro, where
he graduated. He former a partnership with his
brother. John S. Lester, and they operated a ranch
on ^Malone Avenue for some time. In 1912 he pur-
chased 130 acres of the famous Hayes orchard at
Hdenvale, and since then he has acquired forty-seven
acres devoted to a fine orchard, on Sentcr Road, near
Edenvale. These valuable properties are yielding
heavily, producing 650 tons of green fruit in 1921,
and they are bringing in a handsome income. }ilr.
Lester has three irrigation systems on his two places,
their cost totaling the sum of $20,000, and he usually
requires the services of three men the year around to
take care of this large orchard property, using both
horses and Yuba tractors in its cultivation.

At Trinity Church, San Jose, in July, 1913, Air.
Lester was married to Miss Ethel Edith Cottle, the
daughter of Mrs. Edith R. Cottle, the Cottle family
being well-known pioneers of Santa Clara Valley.
They have one daughter, Edith Ethel, and reside at
the Cottle home place on Snell Road. An industri-
ous worker and a man of the strictest integrity, Mr.
Lester is keeping up the traditions of his forebears,
and well deserves the success that has come to him.

MRS. JAY ORLEY HAYES.— Cahfornia has al-
ways done honor to her women of intellect, culture,
influence and leadership, and Santa Clara County
will not fail to provide a wreath for those who have
contributed to enrich its life. Prominent among such
women of true nobility must be numbered Mrs. Jay
Orley Hayes, a native of Racine, Wis., where she
^>■as reared in an environment of education and cul-
ture. Clara Lyon Hayes is the daughter of William
Penn and Adelia (Duncombe) Lyon; the former born
in Chatham, N. Y., the latter in St. Thomas, Ontario.
Both were of English descent. She has one brother,
William Penn Lyon, who is business manager of the
San Jose Mercury Herald. Her father, William Penn
Lyon, was a truly self-made man, who by his strong
personality, ability and hard work rose to the high-
est place in the judiciary of the state of Wisconsin,
to which state he had moved in youth. He occupied
many positions of honor and trust in Wisconsin.
He was twice elected district attorney of Racine
County, was twice elected to the State legislature,
both terms serving as speaker of the Assembly;
was first captain of Company K of the Eighth Wis-
consin \"olunteer Infantry, later for three years was

colonel of tile Thirteenth Regiment and was mus-
tered out of service as brigadier-general. While at
the front he was elected judge of the first Wis-
consin circuit, later being appointed Justice of the
Supreme Court of Wisconsin to which position he
\\as elected several times, during the later years of
his service there occupying the position of Chief Jus-
tice of the Court. He voluntarily retired from the
bench at seventy years of age but later was appoint-
ed to the State Board of Control, a board charged
with the government of all the penal, reformatory
and charitable institutions maintained by the state,
and served for about seven years as president of
that board. In all these positions he acquitted him-
self with distinction and honor; his striking ability,
modesty of manner, his fairness to and sympathetic
interest in and consideration for others, endeared
him to all with whom he came in contact and at-
tracted to him a host of loving, loyal friends. The
evenin.g of the lives of both Judge and Mrs. Lyon
was spent at Edenvale, Cal., with their loving chil-
dren and grandchildren.

Clara Lyon, after being prepared for college, en-
tered the University of Wisconsin, where she grad-
uated in 1876 with the degree of bachelor of science.
.V few years later she went abroad, traveling through
the British Isles and on the continent for a year
and a half. She was united in marriage in 1885
with Jay Orley Hayes, an attorney-at-law and mining
man. The first year they resided in Ashland and
then moved to the mines on the Gogebic range
where they lived for a little more than a year, when
they came to Edenvale, Cal. Here she devoted her
life to her family and children and individually
saw to their care and comfort as well as to their
training and education while they were growing.
When she felt her duty to her own was accom-
plished she threw herself into the work of the Moth-
ers' Clubs and Parent-Teacher Association, and she
helped to organize and establish the work in Santa
Clara County. For this work she has been called
hy manv' the mother of the Mothers' Clubs of Santa
Clara County. She was the first president of the
San Jose High School Mothers' Club. She was dis-
trict president of the P. T. A. and has been delegate
to national conventions on different occasions. On
account of her deep interest in the moral education
of children Mrs. Hayes prepared a book list for use
of supplementarv reading for the schools and mem-
bers of the P. "T. a.

ilrs. Haj-es was the representative from Santa
Clara County on the Woman's Board of the Panama
Pacific Exposition held in San Francisco in 1915.
For many years she has been intensely interested
in many public and charitable organizations and was
a director of the Associated Charities of Santa Clara
County for many years. The Travelers' Aid Society
has also engrossed her attention, Mrs. Hayes hav-
ing been appointed to organize the society for Santa
Clara County and she has been a director since its
organization. She also aided materially in organiz-
ing the Association of the Collegiate Alumni for
Santa Clara County and was its first president.

Mrs. Hayes in 1919 served in the capacity of fore-
man of the grand jury in Santa Clara County and
is said to have been the first woman foreman of a
grand iurv in the United States. She is an active
member of the True Life Church and a trustee from

906

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

the date of its organization. Her interest in the
work of the True Life Church led her to compile
and have published a hymnal for the use of the
Church for which she wrote twenty-five hymns, one
of which appeared in "Heart Songs," a collection of
favorite songs published by the Chappcl Company of
Boston. She assisted her mother in arranging and
editing Judge Lyon's letters written during his serv-
ice in the Civil War and a volume of the letters
with a few of his addresses delivered upon patriotic
occasions was presented to each veteran who had
served under him during the war or to the families
of those who were gone.

Her union with !Mr. Hayes has been blessed with
five children. Mildred, Mrs. Almon E. Roth, a grad-
uate of Stanford University, resides at Stanford' Uni-
versity. Lyetta is cashier of the Mercury Herald
Company. Elystus L., a graduate of the College of
Letters as well as the Department of Law of Stan-
ford University, served as first lieutenant in the U.
S. Army, being sent overseas. He is now practicing
law ill San Francisco. Miriam. Mrs. Edgar C. Kes-
ter, resides in Burlingame. J. O., Jr., is a senior at
Stanford Llniversity.

MRS. ALICE LEE TALBOTT.— In all the hu-
manitarian agencies of our cilivization, no higher or
more worth}- work can be found than in the caring for
little children whom circumstances of many sorts
have made it impossible for the parent or parents to
care for them in their own homes. Among the noljle
and gracious women with lofty ideals who have given
their hands and hearts to this task is Mrs. Alice Lee
Talbott, who has shown rare capability in the man-
agement of the Haven Grove Home, located near
Santa Clara on the Saratoga Road, an ideal situation
for an institution of this nature. Mrs. Talbott is a
native of Colorado, where she was born at Trinidad,
Los Animas County, a daughter of William Alfred
and Mary I'rances (Bailey) Garner. The father was
a native of Tennessee and a descendant of an old and
honorable family of that state. During the Civil War
he fought on the Union side and was promoted to the
rank of captain. On one of the marches through
Tennessee his regiment passed over the plantation of
Grandfather Benjamin Bailey, an extensive planter
there, and it so happened that Captain Garner was
entertained in the Bailey home, where he met his
future wife, Mar>- branccs Bailey. At the close of
the war he returned to the Bailey plantation to renew
the acquaintance and at first his attentions were bit-
erly opposed by the father, because he had been an
officer in the Union Army, but his persistency won
and the young people were later married, making
their home in Lawrence County, Tenn., where Cap-
tain Garner engaged in the practice of law, becoming
state senator from Lawrence County during the ad-
ministration of Governor Jackson. He was a member
of the committe from Tennessee that was present
at the inauguration of Vice-President Johnson, and
afterwards served as acting governor. Later the family
removed to Trinidad. Colo., and Captain Garner ]:ie-
came a prominent factor in the growth and prosperity
of the state, then in its early days. He first followed
ranching and became a large cattle owner, meanwhile
locating a coal claim which eventually became very
valuable and was sold to the Colorado Fuel & Iron
Company. Later he resumed the practice of law,
devoting his activities to constructive measures, and

he was instrumental in putting through the first irri.
gation canal in Las Animas County. He passed away
in 1913, mourned by his business associates and a
large circle of friends. Mrs. Garner was educated in
the female academy at Nashville, Tenn., and was
reared in the cultured environment of a typical South-
ern home. Coming to Colorado in the early days was
a great change from the comfort and affluence of her
old home, but she bravely met the trials and hard-
ships of pioneer life. Being ambitious, she continued
her studies and passed the teacher's examination,
teaching school at Trinidad until her death on Decem-
ber 10, 1879, at the early age of thirty-four, a severe
loss to the bereaved husband and children. Captain
and Mrs. Garner were the parents of four children,
but all have passed away but Mrs. Talbott.

Alice Lee Garner began her education in the schools
of Trinidad and was then sent to Tennessee to live
with her Grandmother Bailee' where she attended high
school. Later, on returning to Colorado, she was
graduated from the State Normal School at Pueblo
and became a kindergarten teacher, following her
profession until her marriage to John Reck Talbott
on May 20, 1892. His parents were Joseph and Marie
( Reck) Talbott, and they were both natives of Ohio,
where they were married, driving overland in a prairit
schooner to Kansas in the early days before railroads
were built, and there the father became engaged in the
real estate business. John Reck Talbott was born
and reared in Atchison, Kans,, and while still a young
man came to Colorado and engaged in the cattle busi-
ness with his uncle, Frank Reck. Mr. and Mrs. Tal-
bott have been blessed with three children: Grace
Jean, a graduate of the San Jose State Normal, is a
kindergarten teacher at Fresno; Alice J., a graduate
nurse, is assisting her mother as a teacher; John
I'rank lives in San Jose.

In 1904 Mrs. Talbott came to San Jose, where she
^vas occupied in various kinds of children's welfare
work, and through this she became intensely inter-
ested in all children, and their welfare and education.
During this period she had become well acquainted
with members of the State Board of Charities and
Correction and the State Board of Control, so that
when she decided to establish a home for children she
had no difficulty in obtaining the necessary authority
from the state. In June, 1918, she opened Haven
Grove Home; her work spoke for itself and soon her
home was full of healthy, happy children. Her large
residence is beautifully located for such a phil-
anthropy, and with her unusual ability, makes the
place a real home for children, whose parents arc de-
lighted to have their dear ones come under her faith-
ful and able supervision. Her ambition in establish-
ing Haven Grove Home was to get away from the
ordinary institutional environment and make it a real
home in every sense of its sacredness, providing
abundantly for their material welfare with plenty of
room, \\ armth and the best of food. The children arc
taught up to the fifth grade and with the individual
attention given them they make rapid progress. Music
is not neglected in their education, as they are not
only given instruction but have their own little orches-
tra. Her desire in having them under her influence is
to develop in them the traits of character that will
tend to make them the best of men and women for
American citizenship. She is endowed by nature
with those characteristics that make the children love

zz^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

907

her, thus she has their coiilklence and impHcit faith, so
that there is no difliculty in tlie discipline of tlie
school. Mrs. Talbott finds great joy in the loving
care she is giving these little ones, and the noble work
she is doing is resulting in real and lasting good.

WALTER H. WOOD.— Standing high in the esti-
mation of the people, the late Walter H. Wood -was
a worthy member of the pioneer family of that name,
sud at his passing was mourned by bis devoted
family and a host of friends. A native son, he was
born at San Felipe. Santa Clara County, Deceralnr
5. 18(i8, a son of L'riah and Phoebe L, (Smith)
Wood, the father a native of Cattaraugus County,
N. v., and the mother was an Ohioan, but grew to
womanhood in Illinois. Uriah \\'ood was born Sep-
tember 5, 1829, and when ten years of age he ac-
companied his parents to Illinois.

The Woods are of remote German extraction, but
long identified with the Ihiited States. The paternal
great-grandfather, David Wood, was a native of New-
York who suffered the terror of being taken cap-
tive by the Indians when a boy, but made his escape
and reached home m safety. Some years afterwards,
wdnen he had grown to man's estate, he became a
soldier in the Revolutionary War. The paternal
grandfather. Uriah D., was born and reared in New
York and in early manhood engaged in lumbering
in the Alleghany mountains. In 1839 he took his
family from New York to Illinois, making the trip
with horses through Ohio and Indiana, settling in
Whiteside County. However, he removed to La
Salle County within the next two years, and here
devoted himself to farming.

Uriah Wood, the father, in company with three
other young men started for the \\'est in 1852,
crossing the plains with oxen and arrived at Hang-
town, Cal., in September of 1852. He engaged in
various occupations, the last being teaming in the
redwoods. Money being scarce he accepted as pay-
ment horses and cattle, and thus accumulated 100
head of cattle. By exchanging and selling, his herds
Avere increased, and all the time he was buying land,
until he had acquired some 5,000 acres. All of his
real estate was incorporated under the title of Uriah
Wood Company, he acting as president and his four
sons being directors in the organization In 1885
that family removed to San Jose. In 1862 he was
married to Miss Phoebe L. Smith, and they were
the parents of four sons, Chester W., Walter H.,
of this review; Ralph W., deceased, and Louis E.

Walter H. W^ood began his education in the pub-
lic schools, supplementing with a course at Brewer
Military Academy at San Mateo, and later at the
College of the Pacific. San Jose. His first business
venture was in the banking business in Seattle,
Wash., but that was of short duration; then he
established an export and import business in the
same city and was thus engaged until 1894, when
he returned to the Santa Clara Valley and assisted
his father and brothers in the management of their
extensive stock business in Santa Clara and San
Toaquin counties. Later he engaged in the dairy
business near Los Banos, ^Merced County, and was
very successful in this enterprise. At the time of
his father's death on June 1,\ 1914, he assumed full
charge of the large land holdings and stock business.

Mr. Wood was married at San Jose in 1893 to
Miss Maude E. Madegan. a native of California,
born near Petaluma, Sonoma County, a daughter of

William and Alice Mary (Cooper) Madegan. Her
father descended from a Scotch- 1 rsh family and the
mother was of English parentage and a native of
New ^'ork. At the time of her m.irriage, she was .a
student at the College of Nolle iJaine in San Jose,
The\' .are the iiarents of lw(j cliildren, Doris M.,
the wife of b'd. Koch of San Jo^e, and Aletha. Mr.
Wood was a man of sterling worth and character;
be was a great lover of outdoor life and spent bis
vacation periods each year \^itll hi;, family, seeking
the restful peace and (|uiel of tile National Parks,
cspecialK- Yosemite. It was in July, 1918, that he
made his last trip into \'osemite. After having spent
a time with his family in the park, he had returned
with a number of bis business friends from t^an
Jose on a bunting and fishing tc^nr and was stricken
suddenly ill, which resulted in his death on Julv 29,
1918, at the ^'osemite Hospital.

Mrs. Wood is conducting the business interests of
the estate bequeathed to her and the children and
shows remarkable aptitude in all financial and busi-
ness matters. She enjoys the association of a lost
of friends and acquaintances, extending gracious
hospitality- of her beautiful home at 425 South Second
Street, San Jose. Politically Mr. Wood was a stal-
wart Republican ar.d fraternalK- he w-as a member
of the Elks of .San Jose.

RALPH R. BENNETT. — A jirogressive business
man who deserves much credit for the stimulating
prosperity of a corporation rated among the best of
its kind in all the state, and of w-hich both San Jose
and Santa Clara County are justly proud, is Ralph
R. Bennett, the president and manager of the Pack-
ers & Canners Equipment Company at San Jose.
He was born at Des Moines, Iowa, on November 27.
1883, the son of Dr. J. L, Bennett, a physician and
furgeon of high standing who had married Miss
Clara E. Eriggs. Both parents, rich in friends and
enjoying an enviable record of professional and social
usefulness, are still living, residents of Nebraska.

Ralph attended both the gran-imar and the high
schools of Kearney, Buffalo County, Nebr. While still
attending high school, Mr. Bennett began ranching in
Nebraska, and after his school days w-ere over he gave
it all of his attention, raising grain and stock on a 900-
acre ranch and also followed buying and shipping cat-
tle. After tw-elve j'ears he sold the ranch and stock
and located in San Jose in December, 1912, entering
the employ of the Bean Spray Compan}- as a machin-
ist. While thus employed he took a correspondence
course in civil and structural engineering. In Janu-
ary, 1915, he entered the service of the Anderson-
Barngrover Company at San Jose w-ith w-hom he re-
mained for five years, traveling for them, installing
and repairing machinery. During this time he made a
trip to Australia to superintend the installing of ma-
chinery in a large canning plant for the governmei-it at
Leeton, New- South Wales and -ivas there frorn No-
vember 1, 1917, until March 20, 1918. When he left
this concern he was head of the production depart-
ment, and had acquired a valuable experience.

In 1919, Mr. Bennett and his associates estab-
lished the business which he now directs, being located
at 806 South First Street. It manufacturers about
everything in the w-a\- of luachinery or appliances
needed by packers, canners or growers of vege-
tables or fruit. The most original commonsense ideas
are illustrated b>- their modern, convenient and

(J08

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

economic devices, and it is no wonder that their
products are in such demand that the Inisiness is
rapidly increasing.

At San Jose, in 1911, Mr. Bennett was married to
Miss Emma Thompson of San Jose, born in Plainfield,
Will Count}', III, who came to San Jose in 1901 with
her parents, Wm. and Ann (Leonard) Thompson. A
gifted, broad-minded lady, she shares with him a keen
interest in the uplift work of the Second Presbyterian
Church, to which the\- belong. A daughter, Frances,
l)rightens the home. Mr. Bennett is a Republican,
l(ut in matters of local import he likes to cast parti-
sanship to the winds and help what he can to further
tlie cause of the best candidates and the best propo-
sitions for community growth and betterment.

MARTIN MURPHY.— The subject of this histori-
cal review is the only living male adult representative
of the famous pioneer family, being a great-graandson
of Martin Murphy, Sr., who was born in Count\' Wex-
ford, Ireland, November 12, 1785. He grew ui) in his
native county to be an intelligent, industrious and
(lious man. He married at an early age, Mary I-oley,
whose family afterwards became prominent in Amer-
ica. Several children were born to Mr. and Mrs.
Murphv in Ireland. As the family increased so did
their desire for a larger measure of freedom than was
accorded to Irish citizens b.\' Great Britain in those
days; so, taking all his children except his oldest son,
Martin, and his daughter, Margaret, with him, they
set sail for the New AVorld, settling in the township
of Frampton, near Quebec, where he bouglit land and
built a home. Two years later the aforementioned
^on and daughter came from Irelan<l and joined the
rest of the family. Martin Murphy, Jr., went to work
at Quebec, vchere he met and married Miss Mary
Bulger, Tuly 18, 1831. Being still unsatisfied with
their political surroundings, the\' looked longingly
across the borders to the great republic. In 1840 the
elder Murphy, with nearly all of his family, removed
to Holt County, Mo. Martin Murphy, Jr., remained
at Quebec until 1842. when he and his brother James,
\\'ho had been left behind, also migrated to Missouri.
It was at Quebec that Bernard D. Murphy, the fa-
ther of the subject of this sketch was born on the
first day of )ilarcli, 1841. Still longing for greater lib-
erty and freedom than even Northwestern Missouri
afforded, the family resolved to seek their ideal in
far-away California, beyond the Rockies, which Avas
then under Mexican domination. The party, with
Martin Murph>-, Sr., and Martin Murphy, Jr.. and
their families, consecpiently outfitted with 100 or
more wagons, numerous oxen, mules, and the first
American cattle ever brought across the mountains
into California. They started from St. Joseph, Mo.,
and traversed such a route, at such a path-breaking
period that the Domier party, trailing along two
years later, were able to use cabins erected by the
Murphvs, thus through their pioneering and liardships,
ameliorating to some extent the terrible sufferings
of those that came later.

Martin Alurphy, Sr.. with the unmarried portion of
his family, which consisted of his three sons, Bernard,
John and Daniel, and his daughters, Ellen, Margaret
and Joanna, reached California in 1844, and soon
thereafter came to what is now Santa Clara County,
and purchased the Rancho Ojo de Agua de la Coche,

situated on the Monterey road south of San Jose,
near what later became known as "Twenty-one Mile
House. Here they made their permanent home, and
were loved by native Californians and highly re-
spected by all the immigrants who came later, dis-
pensing liberal hospitality and lived clean God-fearing
lives in accordance with their highest social and
religious ideals. They were foremost in matters of
both church and state. Martin Murphy, Jr., at first
settled near Sacramento, but before long he, too, came
over to Santa Clara County and bought a vast tract
of land where Sunnyvale now stands, which became
known as the "Murphy Ranch." He there built the
first good frame house ever built in California from
lumber which had been cut and framed at Boston,
Mass., according to his plans and specifications and
shipped in the "knock-down" around Cape Horn to
California. This house is still standing; it is the sum-
mer home of Mrs. Mary Ann Carroll, and is in an ex-
cellent state of preservation, and there our subject's
father, Bernard D. Murphy, grew to manhood, and
as the Murphys were most excellent entertainers in
addition to their being California's first pioneer fam-
ily, he became acciuainted with all of California's lead-
ing public men, and many other of the nation's lead-
ing characters, as for instance, Bayard Taylor,, Amer-
ican writer and lecturer, who visited the Murphys in
1859, while making a tour of California as corre-
spondent for the New York Tribune, then owned by
Horace Greeley. Mr. Martin Murphy, Jr., took a
leading part in the establishment of the College of
Notre Dame at San Jose, while Bernard D. Murphy
was once elected to the assembljr, twice to the state
senate and thrice elected mayor of San Jose, being a
leading politician and a most efficient and popular
public servant, whose altruism and high sense of
honor led him to turn over his salary to the public
library fund, and to other general welfare purposes.
His example would indeed be worthy of emulation by
politicians of the present day.

A native son of California, Martin Murphy was
born April 3, 1873, in San Jose. His earl}- education
began in San Jose; later taking a course at George-
town University in Washington, D. C, where he
graduated with the A. B. degree with the class of
1895. After completing his course, he returned to
San Jose and became clerk under Judge Wallace of
the Justice Court, and remained in this capacity until
1916, when he succeeded to the same position under
Judge Sontheimer, Judge Wallace's successor.

Mr. Murph}r has been married twice. One daugh-
ter, Ruth, resides with her maternal grandmother,
Mrs. M. D. Phelps, in San Jose. His second mar-
ria.ge occurred in San Jose in 1912 and united him
with Miss Helene Gratapaglia, a native daughter of
San Jose. The}' are the parents of one child: Barney
D., attending St. John's Military Academy, located
in Los Angeles, Cal. Fraternally he is an active mem-
ber of the Eagles, and is serving the local lodge, No.
8, as vice-president. Politically he is a consistent
Democrat, as were liis paternal ancestors for several
generations before him. In his public and private
capacities Mr. Murphy has won the respect and good
will of his associates, and many years of activity for
the public good have established his name among the
high-minded, dependable and successful men of
Santa Clara County.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA C(_)UNTV

909

PALO ALTO PUBLIC LIBRARY.— A city may
well be juUgcd both b_\- the intchigciu-e of the aver-
age citizen within its eemhnes and the varieius agen-
cies which it contains for the proinotion of intellectu-
al life and activity; and Valo Alto owes nuich of its
fame as one of the most desirable ol all residential
centers to the fact that it is well-eijuipped in educa-
tional institutions. Vrominent among sncli, anil one
of which Palo Alto is especially proud, is the well-
planned, well-stocked, and well-managed Public Lib-
rary, conveniently located and safel>' housed in a
structure worthy of the purpose to wliicli it has lueii
dedicated. One of the most interesting of the his-
toric buildings of Palo Alto is the one now occupied
})v Ralph Dodson's i\'Iusic Store and Miss Plerrick's
Art Store, formerly by the Eastcrday Co., and before
that for years b\' D. A. Curry, the pioneer furniture
dealer and founder of Camp Curry in ^■osclmte \"al-
lev. This was erected 1>\' Major Xorvis and C. h.
Crabtree and was named b\- tliem, on account of their
co-partnership, Xortree Hall. There in IS'lj was
started a reading room under the auspices of the
V. !\I. C. A., although it must have taken consider-
able courage to start such an enterprise before the
little village was even incorporated. As might have
been expected, the public did not rush to support the
venture, and as the Y. 'SI. C. A. found that it could
not maintain the establishment, it was glad to give
way to the Woman's Club, an organization developed
about that time from a small Mothers' Club, The
ladies had conceived the idea of starting a Free Lib-
rary, and had formed the nucleus of one with a mis-
cellaneous collection of about 200 books obtained by
means of a book social held on March 2\, 1896. The
day previous Prof. A. B. Show had addressed the
Club on "The Need and \'alue of Town Libraries,"
an address especially interesting today on account of
the vision of the professor, wdio foresaw in large
measure the Palo Alto of the Twentieth Century.
The Woman's Club favored the idea of uniting its
library project with the abandoned reading room,
but, fearing financial responsibility, contented itself
with passing resolutions promising moral support.

On the corner now occupied by the Stanford Bank
stood a two-story building, long since demolished,
where the free reading room was formally opened on
February 13, 1897. A subscription list, including
payments made to the Y. M. C. A. fund, had yielded
some $200, of which sum about $150 was used for
rent and the remainder for light, fuel, janitor service
and incidentals. Such were the "magnificent distan-
ces" of the scattered young town that soliciting was
no light task, the unpaved streets and muddy cross-
ings testing the ardor and faith of the library en-
thusiasts; but the workers went bravely on, spending
much valuable time and bringing into requisition the
whole available force of the club in gathering maga-
zines and newspapers. Some donated magazines,
after reading them, others subscribed for periodicals;
the Times and the Live Oak gave their exchanges,
all of which had to be collected and arranged. Re-
sults of the first year's work showed the crying need
of such a place, but when the New Year opened, the
committee was loath to continue the task unless
more money and more helpers were forthcoming,
guaranteeing something more than a mere existence.

When for some weeks the fate of the venture had
hung in the balance, more women became interested
and it was decided to go on. A uniform subscrip-

tion rale ol twenty-hve cents .a month was estab-
lished. The list of subscribers and donations is still
on hie and shows that some gave as nmch as a dollar
a month; some ga\-e ten cents- -what they could — ,
while c.nly ;i few names have "No" after their sig-
natures. Ten piiblic-s|jirited citizens each gave one
dollar :ind made possible the purchase of 100 volumes
of liction from an abandoned libr.ary in San I'ran-
cisco. A second book social was gi\-cn which added
105 volumes, and with ,500 books in the librar\- the
institution was formally adopted by the Woman's
Chil) on F'eliruar\- 16, 1808. The first librarian was
Mrs. A. L. Corbert, who was on duty from 9 to 12
and from 2 to 5, for which service she was paid $15
per month. Operettas and other entertainments, and
a lecture by Ijr. Jordan, who was from the first
keenly interested, bi .gan to swell the funds. Even
after the tow ii was contributing olhcially. to the main-
tenance of the work, various kinds of entertainments
were given to raise funds; ti-as, a Christmas h'air, a
i\Irs. Jarley's Wax Works, an eviining given by the
\'oung Ladies' C\-cling Club, and a Thanksgiving
flusiness Men's football game.

All members of the club workvd hard to assure
the success of the library, but particular mention
should be made of Mrs. E. L. Campbell, the first
president, whose energy, perseverance and wisdom
prevailed on the Club to sponsor the project. Mrs.
Julia R. Gilbert seems to have been given charge of
the library committee of the Club almost at the start,
assisted by Mrs. Culver, Mrs. Emerson, Miss J-'ord
and Afrs. George Parkinson. Mrs. Gilbert was later
made a trustee under town control and appointed to
the new board under the charter, effective in 1909.
She remained a member until her death in 1916. thus
completing twenty years of most efficient service.

In December 1898 the library was moved to a
room on Emerson street, now occupied by Crandall's
Homeware Store, and in the following January Miss
Anne Hadden was appointed librarian at a salarv of
$15 and the free use of a rear rooin. The latter was
later given up and the salary raised to $30. In Oc-
tober, 1899, the town voted to appropriate $20 per
month to the Library, and this was continued for
nearly three years, although the Woman's Club con-
tinued in control and made up the amount necessary
for running expenses with subscriptions, entertain-
ments and other activities. In Januar}?, 1902, the
town's appropriation was raised to $50 per month
By October, 1902, the Woman's Club had received
and expended $4258 and was spending about $1200
per year. With 2300 books on the shelves it was felt
that the institution was large enough to be taken over
by the town officially. This was done by the adop-
tion of an ordinance establishing a public library and
levying a tax of one mill for its support, this yielding
an income of $1076. The first board, which took of-
fice on October 15. 1902, was composed of J. S.
Lakin, Mrs. Mary Roberts Smith, Mrs. Dane Cool-
idge, Mrs. A. F. Wallace, A. S. Ferguson, and B.
F, Hall. Miss Elizabeth Hadden was appointed as-
sistant librarian, to serve without pay.

By the early part of 1903 the growth of the lib-
rary showed that a new building was a necessity and
an appeal was made to Andrew Carnegie. This was
presented in person to Mr. Carnegie's secretary by
J. F. Parkinson, and shortly after Mr. Parkinson's
return from New York word came that $10,000 would
be given on the usual terms, that a site should be

910

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

provided and an amount equal to at least 10 per cent
of the gift appropriated annually. The Board of
Trade imdertook to secure the lot and raise the
amount necessary to purchase it. A committee con-
sisting of Prof. Fernando Sanford, George R. Parkin-
son, and C. S. Downing, was appointed to handle the
matter, and through their efforts the site at the
corner of Hamilton avenue and Bryant street was
selected from among half a dozen or more oii'ercd.
The purchase price, $2170, was met by private sub-
scription and appropriation from the treasury of the
organization. $100 was also donated by the Board
of Trade for a corner stone. On November 10, 1903,
the corner stone was laid, with Prof. A. B. Show as
master of ceremonies. Mrs. Gilbert read a historical
paper, an address was made by Prof. Nathan Abbott
of the vStanford law department, and President Jor-
dan told of the visit of Andrew Carnegie twelve years
before, when he suggested that Palo Alto would
some day be ready to receive his donation for a lib-
rary. But as that was in the days of the box car
depot, Mr. Carnegie thought it scarcely likely that
he would be called upon. The new library was
opened with a public reception on November 1, 1904.
With a liuilding and fixtures representing a cost of
$10,939.48, the town was at last possessed of a real
library and one that it was felt would be sufficient
for the needs of the community for many years to
come. Miss Frances D. Patterson had been added
to the staff in 1903, and in 1908 a third assistant. Miss
Ethel P. Gale, was appointed. Miss Anne Hadden,
who had been liljrarian since her appointment in
1899, resigned in September, 1913, to take charge of
the Monterey County Library, and Miss Patterson
was appointed to the chief position.

There have been various changes in both staff and
trustees since the opening of the new building. With
the growth of the city the deinands upon the staff
have become more and more exacting, Init it has
not been found possible to increase the number of
employees, even with an additional amount granted
in taxes, the money, as far as possible, having been
put into increases of salaries of those already em-
ployed, until these salaries are now more nearly ap-
proaching what is felt to be a fair return for trained
employees. But the most serious prol)lem has been
to provide more room. Various methods were at-
tempted to solve the problem, a second and a third
appeal being made to the Carnegie fund without suc-
cess, and two bond elections being held for building
and ground for an addition, both lacking the neces-
sary two-thirds vote. By 1921 even the public began
to realize that the library must be enlarged if it was
to keep pace with the demands upon it and with the
growth of the community dependent upon the library,
a population far exceeding the political boundaries of
the city proper. A campaign was started by the
Civic League under the direction of Mrs. Theodore
Hoover which resulted through private subscriptions
and the holding of a May Day Fete in the raising of
enough money to purchase the lot adjoining the
building for an addition and leave a balance for the
purchase of furniture and necessary equipment for
the new building. On November 15, 1921, bonds to
the amount of $40,000 for an addition to the Library
were carried by a large majority, the vote being the
largest ever cast at a bond election. This addition
will be completed by October 1, 1922, and will make
a building of which Palo Alto may well be proud.

PACIFIC MANUFACTURING COMPANY.-

Prominent among the important industrial concerns
to which Santa Clara County is indebted for much of
the rapid, yet sound and permanent development
which has of late made this section one of the most
progressive of all the counties of the Golden Gate, is
the Pacific Manufacturing Company, for the past
thirty-five years under the able management of its
president, James H. Pierce. His father, the late
James P. Pierce, had been president before him, and
ever since the lattcr's death James H. has had the
reins well in hand. Associated with him are J. G.
Kennedy, manager of the San Francisco office; Her-
l>ert J. Quinn, manager of the Los Angeles branch,
and R. T. Pierce, secretary and treasurer, another de-
pendable official with a record of thirty-five years of
service. The directors are: James H. Pierce, J. G.
Kennedy, R. T. Pierce, J. L. Pierce fson of R. T.
Pierce), of San Jose, L L. Morse and F. A. Birge of
San Francisco, and W. F. Hayward. The conctrn
employs five hundred men, the year around, and has
its main office at Santa Clara, and is, without doubt,
the most substantial industry in Santa Clara County,
and the largest manufacturing concern of its kind in
the State of California.

This company, founded with such foresight by the
late James Pieronnett Pierce, and guided so admirably
by James Henry Pierce, his son, and those happily
associated with him, has a most interesting history, as
recently outlined in the Pacific b'actory Developer.
In 1875, the Pacific Manufacturing Company started
with a small planing mill and lumber yard to supply
the local needs of the town of Santa Clara, and ever
since this progressive company has steadily enlarged
its scope of work and field of operations, until now its
business covers all of California, the Hawaiian Islands
and extends as far east as Utah. The company for
many years has been a prominent factor in the build-
ing up of San Francisco, particularly so since the great
fire in 1906. Many of San Francisco's principal build-
ings l)ear convincing evidence of the quality of the
work turned out by the Santa Clara mill. We may
mention the St. I'rancis and Palace hotels, the Hum-
boldt and First National banks, and the Southern
Pacific and Balfour-Guthrie buildings as testimonials
of its handicraft, and several of the luany buildings
which are now under construction in the Bay Cities.

The company ranks high among the sash and door
factories of tlie state. However, its specialty is fine,
hardwood, interior finishings, and the quality of the
work it turns out in this line is recognized by different
architects throughout California as being unsurpassed.
The company maintains a mill and lumber yard at
Santa Clara, covering an area of twenty acres, and a
private switch connects with the Southern Pacific
Railroad, so as to facilitate the handling of its large
output, and for receiving lumber and raw materials.
In a recent interview, W. F. Hayward, the popular
representative of the Santa Clara office, said that his
company had been doing a capacity business for some
time past, which necessitated the employment of be-
tween 500 and 600 people. During the war the Pacific
Manufacturing Company made a specialty of airplane
parts, and received much praise from the Government
on the quality of the finished work. Pioneers in their
line, the Pacific Manufacturing Company are always
in a position to render excellent service, and all work
turned out by them is known only as the best.

C? 7i..M^Ot^

c^tc. -

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

913

R. NELLA ROGERS.— A naturally-gifted, thor-
oughly tranu'd, and highly-accomplished musician
and instructor in music, who has done much, in de-
veloping and raising the standard of her department,
to make the College of the Pacific one of the very
best educational institutions in all the west, is R.
Nella Rogers, the teacher of voice culture, and mu-
sical favorite in San Jose, where she is known as a
soloist, as well as at Helen Guth Hall, where her
pleasing personality makes it a pleasure to reside.
She was born near Princeton, lUireau County, PI.,
the daughter of Andrew Rogers, a native of Eng-
land, a cabinet maker and a furniture dealer at
Princeton, 111., and also a landowner. While in
Plinois, he married Miss Mary Ross Whitney, a na-
tive of Ohio. Her maternal great-grandfather came
from England and settled in Maine where her grand-
father, Ephraim Whitney, was liorn; her grand-
father afterwards settled in Ohio where he was mar-
ried to Miss Edith Ross, a native of the Buckeye
State, a daughter of Squire Wm. Ross, who was
mayor of Urichsville, Ohio, for forty years. Miss
Ross was very musical and had a splendid voice
much appreciated in those days and their children
were all talented as musicians. Miss Rogers' mother
also possessed a beautiful soprano voice and was in
demand for church singing. She spent her last days
in Los Angeles. She was the mother of three chil-
dren, one of whom is now deceased. Edith E., a
sister of our subject, is the wife of J. A. Shank, a
dealer in lumber and fuel in Spokane.

As a little girl, Nella Rogers came to Jefferson,
Iowa, brought there by her mother; for her father
had died three months before her birth. She at-
tended both the common and high schools at Jeffer-
son, and in time matriculated at the Conservatory
of Music at Oberlin College, Ohio, where she studied
both voice and piano; then she became a teacher of
voice and piano in the Conservatory of Music of
Grand Prairie Seminary at Onarga, 111. During this
period she did concert work throughout the state
of Illinois. Meanwhile she made two trips to Europe;
the first time she studied at Hanover and then found
her way to Weimar, the classic city in which Liszt
lived and taught; and there she became a pupil of
Frau von Milda. Her second trip she went first
to Berlin, where she studied under Georges Gra-
ziani; and in Paris she took instruction from Mme.
de la Grange. Her mother meantime had married
a second time to Mr. Charles Fellows Peck of New
London, Conn., had removed to Fremont, Nebr.,
and on her return from abroad Miss Rogers joined
her mother in that city and the two immediately
made preparations to come to Los Angeles, Cal., to
spend the winter. Dr. Eli McClish, who had been
president of Grand Prairie Seminary, wdiile she was
a teacher there, had become president of the Uni-
versity of the Pacific (now the College of the Pacific)
and learning that Miss Rogers was in California
tendered her the position of teacher of voice, which
she accepted, coming immediately and taking up her
work in 1897; since 1899 she has been the head of
the department of voice culture. In 1911 she studied
with William Shakespeare of London, England, while
that celebrated musician was teaching in Los An-
geles, and in the summer of 1916, she was a pupil
of Dudley Buck in New York; she also studied un-
der Kronberg of Boston, and during 1917, 1918 and
1919, she was a student at the McBurney studios.

in Chicago. How enthusiastically progressive she is
may be gathered from the fact that for four consecu-
tive >-ears she has gone h'.ast for graduate work.

.•\s a soloist with an exce|)tionally pleasing niezzo-
soiH-ano voice. Miss Rogers has been singing in the
First Congregational Church in San Jose for the
past nuic years; and she has frequently contributed
to public programs of various kinds, favoring her
audiences with her talent. With practical experience
in oratorio work in America, and a thorough and
broad knowledge of musical conditions in the musi-
cal centers of the Old World, as well as in the
LTnited States. Miss Rogers has been of inestimable
service to many an aspirant, in developing real tal-
ent, and in encouraging the ambitious to reach the
highest possible goal.

JAMES FRED PAYNE.— Among the worthy
pioneers of Santa Clara X'alley who did much to in-
crease the resources of the county was the late
James Fred Payne who «'as born in Columbia Coun-
ty, N. v., March 21), 1833, a son of William Payne,
who was l)orn in Yorkshire. England, in 1799. John
Payne, the jialernal grandfather, was also a native
of Yorkshire and in 1802 brought his family to New
York, locating in Columbia County. William Payne
farmed in that county until 1837, when he removed
to Schoharie County, where he lived until his demise
in 1866, aged sixt}-five. His wife was in maidenhood
Gertrude Crapser, daughter of John Crapser, a native
of New York and a soldier in the War of 1812.
Gertrude (Crapser) Payne, the mother of our sub-
ject, lived to be eighty-four years old. She was the
mother of seven sons and four daughters, who were
given the best education possible of attainment in
the country schools of New York state and were reared
to habits of industry and usefulness. Until 1855
James Fred, the fifth in his father's family, worked
on the home farm and then came to California by
way of Panama, locating in Tuolumne County, where
he resided until 1858. That year he purchased a farm
in the foothills in Santa Clara County. Two years
later, in 1867, he located on a farm a mile east of Los
Gatos, and in 1873 came to the place that became his
permanent home and where his widow still resides.
He owned 126 acres of land that he devoted to farm-
ing and fruit raising and in time had large orchards
devoted to prunes and apricots. He was thrifty and
he had good substantial buildings as well as good
equipment for caring for the fruit, including a large
drier. The grounds around his comfortable residence
were well laid out and abounded in flowers, shrubs
and trees which are still a monument to his energy.

Mr. Payne was married in Mountain View in 1874,
being united with Miss Phoebe McClellan, a native
of Missouri, born near Independence in 1848, in
which state her father settled after removing from
his native home in Tennessee. The McClellan family
were pioneers of Santa Clara County. Her parents,
William and Eveline (Dickey) McClellan, natives of
Tennessee and Kentucky, respectively, crossed the
plains to California bringing their children in an ox-
team train of seventy wagons. After a trip of six
months through the Indian country, they arrived
safely in the fall of 1849. After teaming for a while,
Mr. McClellan purchased a farm near Mountain
View and later on bought and owned several places,
among them being the old Captain Stevens ranch

914

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

for whom Stevens Crcok was named. Oil this place
Mr, and Mrs. McClellan resided at the time of their
death. They had nine children, seven of whom are
living. Mrs. I'ayne was only six months old when
her parents started across the plains in 1849, so she
is now among the oldest settlers of Santa Clara
Connty. Mr. Payne died January 25, 1915, mourned
by his family and many friends. Since his death his
widow contniues to reside at the old home, the estate
comprising about lUO acres, nearly all in fruit trees,
fier son, George C, an able horticulturist, has charge
of the orchard, thus relieving her of all care. Mr.
and Mrs. Payne were the parents of five children:
George C, the manager of the Payne ranch; Hurley,
is also a horticulturist and resides in Campbell; Ger-
trude E. Howard and Louise are at home. In reli-
gion iMrs. Payne is a Presbyterian, and politically a
Republican. She is now one of the few pioneers of
1849 (hat are still living and able to narrate accounts
oi early days in California.

JOSEPHINE MARSHALL FERNALD.— Stand-
ing high in musical circles of the state as a teacher
of voice and ])iano, Joseiihine Marshall Fernald is
the efficient director of the Stanford Music School
and of the Ijcrkelcy School of Music, recently estab-
lished at 2168 Shattuck Avenue. She comes from one
of the most disinguished families in America, being
a direct descendant of Chief Justice John Marshall,
and she has all the virility and acumen of her illus-
trious progenitor, who in a more clear and forcible
way than any other jurist, construed the Constitution
of the United States.

Mrs. Fernald's parents were Maj. Lewis Field
Alarshall and Mary Helen Mar Force. Her father
was born in 1825 and was the son of John Marshall,
whose wife was Mildred F'ield. She was the daughter
of Lewis Field, born in 1763, the son of Colonel John
I'ield. born in 1720, whose wife was Ann Rogers
Clark. Col. John I'ield served in the French and
Indian War in 1756, and in 1758 as a captain under
Forbes in protecting the frontier. In 1760, as colonel
of a company, he was ordered to join General Brad-
dock at Fort Duquesne during the battle on the
Monongahela River. Braddoek was mortally wound-
ed. General Washington taking his place, and under
him Colonel Field served as lieutenant-colonel. In
1764 he was a major in Bagnet's expedition, and in
1865 he was a burgess. In 1774 he enlisted in an
independent volunteer company of thirty-five men,
reinforced by 100 Virginia Regulars, and joined Col-
onel Lewis at Fort Lnion. He was killed at Point
Pleasant, October 10, 1774, during the light with
the French and Indians under Comstock, whom he
defeated, for which service his heirs were granted
large tracts of land in Kentucky by Lord F'airfax,
part of this land now being Bourbon County. Mrs.
Fernald is also a descendant of George Rogers Clark,
the intrepid explorer of the Northwest, in whose
honor the Lewis & Clark Exposition at Portland was
held. Another ancestor, Lewis Field Marshall, en-
listed in the Revolutionary War in 1779, at the age
of sixteen. He was captured in June, 1779, by Little
Turtle, the Indian Chief, and was for some time held
a prisoner at Montreal and Quebec. Capt. William
Marshall, father of John Marshall, born in 17,30, was
a captain of Virginia Militia in 1776. On September

3, of that year, he marched with his company to Wil-
liamsburg, Va. His father. Col. William Marshall,
grandfather, Col. Thomas Marshall of Westmoreland
County, and his great-grandfather, Col. John Mar-
shall, were officers in the Colonial and Indian Wars.
Capt. John Marshall of England and Ireland distin-
guished himself at the siege of Calais, for which ser-
vice he demanded the restoration of his lost title.
Earl of Pembroke and Sturguil. Capt. William Mar-
shall was a lineal descendant of William Marshall,
first Earl of Pembroke of the Marshall line, and
Regent of Fjigland in 1216, and whose name is first
after that of King John upon the Magna Charta of
England. Mary Helen Mar Force, French "Faure,"
was descended from the widow Faure, who with four
children, was sent by the bounty and goodwill of the
King of England on the ship Mary and Ann, arriving
July Z3, 1700, after thirteen weeks passage from Lon-
don with the first Huguenot refugees, about 700 in
numl:)er, and settled at Manakin Tower, eighteen
miles below Richmond on the James River.

Mrs. Fernald was born May 25, 1880, in Bland-
ville, Ky., and at the early age of nine years was re-
ceiving a salary as organist of the Baptist Church
of Memphis, Tenn., where she studied piano, voice
and theory for two years. She joined the Emma Ab-
bott Opera Company, taking ininor parts, and re-
ceived instruction under Emma Abbott for three
years and accompanied her in concert. Then for two
3-ears she was vice-president and head of piano and
voice departments of the California Conservatory of
Music in San Francisco; she then entered the Boston
Conservatory of Music at Boston. Mass., and was a
pupil of Otto Bendix, piano, and Edith Evani, voice.
After graduation from the Boston Conservatory of
Music she continued private instruction with Bendix,
who had then removed to Chicago, acting as his
concert substitute and toured in concert with him.
She taught in Seattle, Portland, Los Angeles, and
established her own music school in San Francisco.
She has traveled all over America in concert, ora-
tories and opera; was with Emma Eames Opera
Company and the Metropolitan Opera Company; she
founded the Woman's Symphony Association and
St. FVances Delphian Club, and was one of the pro-
moters of the Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra
and the San Francisco Dramatic Society, San Fran-
cisco, Cal. In October, 1919, she founded the Stan-
ford Music School, which is now located at 915
Waverly Street, Palo Alto, Cal.

Mrs. Fernald has taken a leading part in the cam-
paign to have women artists admitted to positions in
symphony orchestras on the Coast. She is active in
national and local politics, becoming a candidate for
Congress on the Democratic ticket in 1916, running
against the present congressman, Julius Kahn, from
the San Francisco district; she was elected and served
as chairman of music at the National Democratic
Convention at San Francisco in 1920, and her counsel
is sought on matters of political moment. She is
an ex-state treasurer of the Daughters of the Amer-
ican Revolution of California, a regent of Esperanza
Chapter, and a member of the United Daughters of
the Confederacy. Mrs. Fernald is the mother of two
sons; the elder of the two is in the U. S. Army and
the younger resides with her at Palo Alto, at 915

HISTORY OF SANTA CT,ARA COUNTY

917

Waverly Street. While the greater portiun of her
time and enci'gy is oeeupicd by her musical work,
she is always interested in all public-spirited move-
ments that make for the betterment of the community.

JOHN HAUK. — An enterprising business man
whose splendid success has been due to his intelli-
gent industry, together with a fortunate hotel site,
is John Hauk, the proprietor of the popular resort,
"Alum Rock Lodge," at the summit of Alum Rock
Avenue, about five miles east of San Jose. He was
born in the town of Nebes, Marhan Province, in
Czecho-Slovakia, the son of John Hauk, a linen
weaver. John made his own living from the time
he was ten years old, working at wire weaving for
his uncle until thirteen years of age, when he went
to Vienna, Austria, and then tried different trades,
hut found it uphill work until he learned the waiter's
trade and in time got on his feet. When fifteen he
made a trip home, after which he apprenticed at the
tailor's trade in Deutsch Lebau, for three years,
after which he worked as a journeyman in Austria
and then came on foot over the Rodeburg Moun-
tains to Dresden, Germany, after which he worked
in Berlin, Heligoland and Hamburg, then back to
Berlin again, where he remained for five years. In
this city he had the opportunity of studying the
sciences and he majored in economics and politics.
While living there he was married January 10, 1890,
to Miss Elizabeth Fremde, descended of a splen-
did old German family, and five months later he had
saved sufficient money to migrate to Chicago, 111.,
arriving in August, 1891. Here he worked at his
trade and also made patterns for ladies' suits. A
year later, however, he started a business of his
own, engaging in millinery and dressmaking. Later
on he dropped the latter to give all of his time to the
millinery store, and by close application made a
splendid success. Three years after he started he
bought a lot and built his own business building and
under the sign "Leading Millinery," he established
himself as a leader in this line.

In 1902 Mr. Hauk came to California, traveling
over the state investigating and looking for a loca-
tion. In June, 1903. he came out again with his wife
and purchased twenty-two and one-half acres on
the summit of Alum Rock Avenue. His wife returned
to Chicago, but he remained to start the improve-
ment of his orchard property. After he had built a
residence he and his wife lived here, but they con-
tinued the business in Chicago. He was at the
spring opening there in 1906, when a wire telling him
his wife was very ill called him home, but she died
six weeks later, on April 1. After this he sold his
business in Chicago and made a trip to Europe,
traveling in different countries, but he was homesick
for California, so after nine jnonths he returned.

He was again forced to take over his old business
in Chicago and conducted it eight years, going back
and forth; thus he has made twenty-four round trips.
In July, 1919, he sold the business and was free to
stay on his California ranch. He has bought ad-
joining land, so he now owns sixty acres devoted to
raising apricots and prunes. The orchard is beau-
tifully located on a hill, is above the frost and com-
mands a magnificent view of the valley, having ample
water for both domestic and irrigation purposes.
Mr. Hauk has converted it into a hotel resort. He
has a fine residence built of cobblestones and has

also seven cottages and a building 30x60 with ten
sleeping porches, all modern and well-equipped. This
resort he has appropriately named Alum Rock Lodge
and it is popular and well-patronized.

Mr. Hank's second marriage occurred in ,Schenec-
tady, N. v., when he was miited with Miss Theresa
Wendt, born in Gratz, Austria. They have had six
children: Hans, deceased; Margaret Elizabeth, Hans
Walter, Elsie, Arthur and Diana. Mr. Hauk is a
straightforward man, reliable in all he says and does;
he is a thorough American, and when he votes he
acts according to his dictates as a thinking, free citi-
zen, spurning narrow partisanship.

MRS. EMILY J. HORN.— That a wide-awake, far-
seeing and conscientious woman may successfully dis-
charge all the responsibilities attending the manage-
ment of an extensive ranch, and very creditably de-
velop'to a still higher degree valuable property sacred-
h' entrusted to her by last will and testament, is am-
ply and interestingly demonstrated by Mrs. Emily J.
Horn, who was born in Eureka, Nev., and now re-
sides on the Alviso Road, about three and a half
miles north of San Jose, where she has a handsome
fruit farm of forty-two and one-half acres. Her
father, Charles H. Prince, was a hardy western pio-
neer. For many j-ears he conducted a freighting busi-
ness, living in Eureka, Nev., where his wife was the
only white woman for miles around. In 1872 he
removed to San Francisco, where he continued to
manage one of the best liveries in that city. He had
married Miss Elizabeth Mates, who proved the most
devoted of wives and mothers, but who died when
Emily was ten years of age. The child attended the
grammar schools in the Bay City, and when her
father died, during her nineteenth year, she remained
in San Francisco and kept up the home for her three
brothers until she was married. Her parents both
came from Walton-on-Thames, England, and so Miss
Emily grew up with the combined advantages of the
best influences of English and American life.

At San Francisco, she was married September 14,
1894, to Bernard J. Horn, a native of San Francisco,
where he first saw the light, on July 22, 1862, the
son of Bernard and Elizabeth Horn, New Yorkers,
who came to California in the early 'SOs. The elder
Horn had large herds of cattle, and as one of San
I'rancisco's largest wholesalers, he supplied that bust-
hr.g city and its vicinity for >'ears with an immense
quantity of the best fresh meat. With his brother,
Thomas, Bernard J. Horn continued in the San Fran-
cisco meat trade, and in 1904 he purchased a ranch
of forty-two and a half acres, where Mrs. Horn
now engages in agriculture. He developed this
ranch from a vacant piece of ground by planting it
to alfalfa. Since his death, Mrs. Horn has planted
40 acres to Bartlett pears, and still further improved
if by putting in an up-to-date pumping plant and
an underground system of irrigation by means of
cement pipe. Mr. Horn, to whom his devoted widow
gives all the credit for having alread>- brought the
ranch to a very high slate of cultivation, passed
away, highlv honored b>- a wide circle of friends,
in 1914, and since then, true to his memory and in
great part following the lines he laid down, Mrs. Horn
has kept up the ranch herself. She has been very ably
assisted in licr work and operations by her youngest
brother, Fred M. Prince, who is making his home
with her on the ranch.

918

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Mr. Horn was a Democrat, a San Jose Elk, a
Mason, and a member of the Knights Templar Com-
mandery No. 1, of San Franci.sco; Mrs. Horn main-
tains a keen interest in public afTairs, and lends a
hand whenever she can for social betterment, while
in her successful operation of the ranch property she
helps to advance the permanent development of Cali-
fornia agriculture.

SAMUEL T. MOORE— Highly esteemed as one
the most public-spirited, progressive and representa-
tive citizens of Gilroy, Samuel T. Moore, the ex-post-
master, enjoys exceptional popularity and influence
among the business element in Santa Clara County.
He was born in Missouri on March 10, 1849, and ac-
companied his parents across the plains to California
in 1853, settling for a short time near Sacramento.
Later, he removed to Sonoma, where he was reared
and went to school. He attended the Sonoma Callege,
a school under the control of the Presbyterian
Church, from 1865-69, wdiere he received a thorough
training in mathematics and languages; and then
taught school near Plainsburg in Merced County.
At the end of t«'0 terms, he removed to San Benito,
where, some forty years ago he opened a store, start-
ing on a modest basis, and with successive successful
seasons he made good his enterprise; from 1876 to
1878 he was postmaster of San Benito. In 1886 he re-
moved to Gilroy, invested in orchard property and
later became a partner of Alvin L. Ellis in a general
merchandise business; and when he acquired his part-
ner's interest by purchase, he conducted the business
under his own name until 1892, when he sold out. He
then reorganized the Farmers Union, and successfully
built that up to a good volume of business, when the
heavy depression of 1896, caused its dissolution. This
led to his taking over the dry goods department
which he conducted until he sold it to Messrs. Roth
& Winans, who are still in that field.

Mr. Moore served on the city council for eight
years, and it was during his incumbency that the gas
and water works were installed. In 1916 he was ap-
pointed by Woodrow Wilson to the office of post-
master at Gilroy, and was reappointed in 1920, but
retired from that oiSce on May 1, 1922. After taking
the office, he accomplished much good in his depart-
ment, making an increase of from twenty-five to forty
per cent. In October, 1920, the new building, which
was erected for the Government at an expense of
some $20,000 by Michael Casey, was officially opened,
and in its modern, complete form, it stands as a
monument to its builder and the untiring efforts of
Mr. Moore in his struggle for the progress of Gil-
Toy. From this office the rural delivery serves the
people over routes each fifty miles long. Tw'O city
routes were also established in 1919, and so, through
Mr. Moore's efforts, excellent service, both in the de-
livery and in the collection of mail has been pro-
vided for both town and suburbs.

At Gilroy in 1874, Mr. Moore was married to Miss
Sarah E. Dryden, a native of Missouri but a resi-
dent of Santa Clara Valley for twelve years prior to
her marriage. Her father crossed the plains for the
first time in the year of '49, and he became a prom-
inent rancher and orchardist at San Jose and Gilroy.
Six children have blessed this union. Oscar is mar-
ried, has two children and resides at San Diego.
Lucille is the wife of H. E. Robinson, a i)rominent

merchant and ex-mayor of Gilroy; they have three
children. Fannie is the wife of F. F. McQuilkin, an
orchardist residing near Gilroy; and they have one
child. Walter E. is married, has two children and
lives at Redwood City, where he is a bond and in-
surance merchant. Elizabeth has become the wife
of Homer L. Burr, and they reside at Pomona, with
their three children. Cecil is married and is a clerk
in the Gilroy post office. He has one son. The fam-
ily has long been associated with the First Presby-
terian Church at Gilroy; and in 1871 Mr. Moore was
made a Mason, and belongs to the Keith Lodge No.
187 F. & A. M., at Gilroy, and to Hollister Chapter
No. 68 R. A. M., and the Scottish Rite Temple at
San Jose and is a member of the Elks of San Jose.
In politics he is a Democrat.

HENRY M. AYER.— A broad-minded and Hberal-
hearted man is Henry M. Ayer, the popular super-
visor, a progressive public official, who was born at
Milpitas, in this county, November 22, 1866, the son
of Samuel F. Ayer, a California pioneer, who was
also an able official of this county.

Flenry M. Ayer attended the Milpitas school and
then completed the course at the San Jose high
school, and in 1887, after the proper amount of work
there, the University of the Pacific conferred upon
him the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, The fol-
lowing two years he lived on a cattle ranch in
Nevada, and since his return to San Jose he has
been interested in the same line of endeavor — that of
raising and selling cattle. He has a couple of valu-
able ranches, so that he has acquired first hand
knowdedge of certain phases of California agriculture.

In 1904 Mr. Ayer was first elected supervisor of
Santa Clara County, and he has been reelected so
often that he is now serving his fifth term, having
presided as chairman for ten years of the time. Mr.
Ayer has only had to advocate true progressive
policies needed to help Santa Clara County to come
to her own, and he has never failed of popular sup-
port. Many of the forward movements of the county,
such as the improvement in the highways, have
either been initiated or at least sponsored by him,
and he has continued in office long enough to see
many measures requiring time for their development
proven to be the very thing that was most needed.
Mr. Ayer enlisted in June, 1898, in Company M,
Eighth California U. S. Volunteer Infantry, for the
Spanish-American War, serving seven months, when
he received his honorable discharge at Alcatraz in
January, 1899.

At San Jose, on December 30, 1896, Mr. Ayer was
united in marriage with Miss Louise Schemmel, a
native daughter of San Jose, where she was reared
and educated and wher£ she has a host of warm
friends. She is a member of an old-time family,
being the granddan.ghter of Adolph Pfistcr, who
served for two terms as mayor of this city and was
one of the founders of the city library. Mr. Ayer is
a member of San Jose Lodge No. 522, B. P. O. Elks,
and the Pastime and St. Claire clubs, and in national
politics is a Republican. He is one of the most active
men in Santa Clara County, giving substantial en-
couragement to every plan for the promotion of pub-
lic welfare, and he is found in the vanguard where
progress is the watchword.

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNT Y

921

FRANK CHAPMAN WILLSON— An cxiki-
icnccd. successful rancher \\ho has become an au-
thority on matter pertaining to horticulture and lun-
series, Frank Chapman Willson is also known as an
excellent business man who has contributed derniitel\'
toward the expatision ol California industry anil coin-
nieree. He was born in Chitario. Canada, on I'eb-
ruar_\' '-', 18t>-, and there L;Tew to maturity. His
father, Robert Willson. was a farmer and stockman,
and Grandfather Robert \\ illson. a native of Penn-
sylvania, was a pioneer settler of Ontario County,
Ontario. Coming there in the earh- days he bought
tiovernment land and was the first white man to cut
a stick of timber on his farm where the town of Ux-
bridge. Ontario, now stands, Indians then being found
on all sides. Originally the Willson family were En-
glish and they represent some of the best pioneer
stock. They were Quakers and as such came to be
well known in Pennsylvania before their migration
to Canada. The maternal grandmother of Robert
'iV'illson. the fathtr of the subject of this sketch,
was Elizabeth Linton, a daughter of John Linton,
v.ho was a son of Sir Roger Linton of England. John
Linton was educated for the ministry, and turned
Quaker, for which, his father. Sir Roger Linton, dis-
owned him, and so he came to America. Mrs. Robert
V\ illson. the mother of our subject, was LIuldah
'Jrvis before her marriage, and she was a native of
Ontario, Canada, her parents coming from Vermont.

Frank Chapman Willson was a young man wdien
his father died, and his mother removed to North
Dakota with her six sons and one daughter about
1884, They settled in Barnes County, where thc\-
lived for three years, and Mr. Willson, who had had
a high school training, taught school for two winters.
In the w-inter of 1886-87, he came out to California
and for some years lived at Stockton. It was his
desire to engage in fruit growing in California, as
he had worked in orchards and nurseries in Canada,
where he made the most of his opportunities. Here
he found many kinds of fruit not grown in the East,
and wishing to learn the growing of these new var-
i.-'tics, he spent several years in the Stockton nur-
series, acquiring a knowledge of California fruit grow-
ing that has been valuable to him in later years.

In 1892 Mr, Willson came to Santa Clara County
and established a nursery- at 192 North Market Street,
San Jose. Later he purchased a portion of the Mur-
phy ranch near Sunnyvale, and planted nursery stock
ill between the rows of his orchard, and so had his
t:rst nursery crop. He succeeded well both with his
orchard and nursery and then bought bare land,
idanted orchards and grew one crop of nursery trees
in between. Four different tracts, aggregating 110
acres, were handled this way, it being his belief that
new land was needed for growing healthy trees, free
from all disease. Two of these orchards he later sold,
largely on account of the distance between them and
the difficulty in getting competent labor.

Among other things for which Californians will ever
feel grateful to Mr. Willson is the Willson Wonder
A alnut, which he originated, and w-hich has had a
great sale. In his nursery he first built up a good
home trade, and he took great care to make good his
claims to recognition in propagating walnut, peach,
cherry, apricot and prune stock, and he was ef}ually
successful in producing a splendid brand of sun-cured
fruit. He has a large and valuable cherry orchard.

the principal varieties being the Black Tartarian, the
Royal Anne and the Bing, and his exhibit of the lat-
ter two won the medal of honor and the gold medal
at the I'.iuama-l'acilic Ex[)Osition at San Francisco.
Mr. Willson has made a careful stud\' of everything
pertaining to successful horticulture, and is espe-
c!all_\' well informed on the problems of eradicating
pests and diseases.

At Sunnyvale, in 190(1, Mr, Willson was married
lo Miss Mabel E. Wilson, a native of Iov\'a and the
daughter of Lewis and Harriet Wilson, and their
fortunate union has been blessed with the birth of
two children, Harold O. and Helen li.. both in the
Palo Alto high school. Mr. Willson is a member
ol the San Jose Grange and the Modern Woodmen
of America. A Quaker by birthright, he adheres to
the principles of that religion and particularly governs
his life by the Golden Rule of doing unto others
as he would be done by.

ALVIN RYLAND WARD.— Descended from an
old Itastern family, who have been prominent in the
history of their old homes, Alvin Ryland Ward,
after many busy years in the industrial world, is
enjoying the comforts of his beautiful orchard home
near Morgan Hill. Mr. Ward was born at Cumber-
land, Md., on June 10, 1852, the son of James William
and Maria (Ryland) Ward, the former a native of
Winchester, Va. Grandfather Joel Ward was a resi-
dent of Harper's Ferry, and prominently connected
with the history of that place. The Wards have for
years past been an exceptionally long-lived family,
nearly all of them reaching the age of ninety or over
Our subject has two brothers living, John J. Ward of
Bellingham, Wash., and Dclono Ward of
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Mrs. Ward passed away when Alvin R. was only
two years old. and in 1857 the Ward family removed
to Wheeling. W. Va , and here he received most of
his schooling. He entered the plumbing shop of
Redding Bros, at Wheeling, but in a short time he
had an opportunity to take up the trade of a machin-
ist, and glass mold maker. He worked in the shop of
A. J. Sw-ecney until 1869, wdien he removed to
Bellaire, Ohio, where he followed his trade for many
\'ears. In 1906 *he family removed to San Fran-
cisco, arriving there in March, Mr. Ward accepting
a position with the Illinois Pacific Glass Jilanufac-
turing Company at Fifteenth and Folsom streets.
Thev went through the harrowing experiences of the
earthquake and fire, this occurring shortly after their
arrival, and in the fall of 1907 he acquired a ranch
of ten acres located on San Pedro Avenue, near
Morgan Flill. This property was a barren piece
of land when they came to it, but by much hard
work they have planted it to French prunes and
walnuts and have made of it a fine property, from
which they derive much satisfaction and where they
enjoy the country life with city facilities.

At Bellaire, Ohio, Mr. Ward was married on Janu-
ary 31, 1881, to Miss Junnietta Kuhns, w^ho was born
at Quaker City, Ohio. December 2. 1858. the daugh-
ter of J. H. Kuhns, a pioneer of Ohio. Two children
were born to them: Wilbert Clarence, a graduate of
the University of Illinois, passed away at thirty-one,
and Renna May died wdien she was seven. Mr.
Ward is a memVier of the Clue Diamond AValnut
Growers' Association of Santa Clara, is a Republican
m politics and belongs to the Knights of Pythias.

922

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

JONATHAN FRANKLIN JACKSON.— Among

the native sons of California who have demonstrated
their ability to make a success in agriculture and
horticulture is Jonathan Franklin Jackson, who was
born near Edgewood, Siskiyou County, July 1, 1872,
a son of Samuel and Caroline (Sherrill) Jackson. The
father was bora near Gainesboro, Va., January 27,
1827, the family being of Scotch and Irish descent.
He remained on the home farm in the Old Dominion
until October, 1851, when he went on a visit to
Ohio, where he spent the winter, then on to Illinois,
going from there to St. Louis and from there to
New Orleans. There he met two men returning
from California whose stories of the Golden State
interested him so that he decided to make the jour-
ney himself. With about $500 in his pocket he came
via the Isthmus of Panama, landing in San Francisco
in November, 1852. He went to Sacramento and
worked in a bakery for eighty dollars a month, then
to Lower Springs, near Shasta, where he began
mining, then on to Wcaverville. In the fall of '53
he went to Yreka, but finding it dull went on to
Cottonwood, where he had a rich claim in Rocky
Girlch; he soon sold this for the small sum of $250
and went to Virginia Bar, so named by him for his
home state. He brought in a ditch by which he
operated his placer for a time, and then continued
on to Big Shasta Valley, Siskiyou County, where he
bought the place which became his home, where he
resided until his death. The improvements con-
sisted of a log cabin without a roof, 400 rails and a
few potatoes planted. Mr. Jackson raised three
crops and then rented the place and went to Green-
horn, that county, where he bought two claims and
again engaged in mining. After two years he con-
cluded that farming was, after all, more profitable
so returned to his ranch.

On January 10. 1861, Samuel Jackson was mar-
ried to Miss Caroline Sherrill, also of Scotch
descent and a native of Independence County, Ark.
Mr. Jackson added to his purchases from time to
time until he had a large ranch of approximately
4,000 acres. He engaged extensively in the stock
business and became a well-to-do and influential
man. He died on November 4, 1904, at the age of
seventy-seven, while Mrs. Jackson had preceded
him on April 21, 1902, aged seventy-one. Samuel
Jackson was a liberal and kind-hearted man and on
his large ranch he dispensed the good, old-time hos-
pitality and was much esteemed and honored by
everyone. He and his wife were the parents of
four children that grew up and are now living:
Thomas Jefferson resides in Texas; Samuel Henry
lives in Oakland; .Mice Virginia is Mrs. Koppel of
Oakland, and Jonathan Franklin of this review, known
as Frank Jackson to his numerous friends.

He attended school in the Mt. Shasta and Cedar
Park districts, making himself generally useful on
his father's ranch from the time he was a lad, thus
early mastering the cattle business as ^\■ell as gen-
eral husbandrjr, remainin.g at home until after his
father passed away. On June 28, 1905, at Santa
Monica, he was married to Miss Ida H. Dunbar,
a native of South Carolina and the daughter of
K. A. H. and :ilahala Anna (Pittman) Dunbar. The
father was a native of County Kildarc, Ireland, and
came to South Carolina when he was sixteen years
old. He was an energetic worker and business man

and became the owner of a large corn and cotton
plantation near Union, S. C, now the townsite of
one of the largest cotton mills in the South. His
wife was of English, Scotch and Irish descent, be-
ing a native of South Carolina, and they made their
home on their plantation until their death, the wife
and mother having survived her husband many years,
her demise occurring in 1899. This worthy couple
were the parents of seven children, four of whom
are living, as follows: Mary Telula, wife of H. E.
Bauknight, now of Goree, Texas; Ida H., Mrs. Jack-
son; Geo. P. of Morgan Hill, Cal.; Henry A. of
Union, S. C. Ida H. Dunbar received her educa-
tion in Clifford Seminary, after which she remained
at home caring for her invalid mother until her
death, soon after which Miss Dunbar came to Cam-
eron, Texas, where her brother, George P. Dunbar,
resided. In 1902 she came to Santa Barbara, Cal.,
on a visit and sometime later, while in Ventura,
she met Mr. Jackson, the acquaintance resulting in
their marriage, which has proved a very happy one.

After his marriage, Mr. Jackson with his bride,
located on his ranch of 485 acres in Siskiyou County,
which had come to him on the settlement of his
father's estate, and on which they erected a beau-
tiful residence. The ranch was well wooded and
watered, being irrigated by a ditch taken from the
Shasta River, and had natural meadows and a fine
range for his cattle. They made their home there
for six j'ears, selling it in 1911 and removing to the
San Martin district in Santa Clara County, where
they purchased a ranch of 926 acres devoted to hay
and grain, and engaged in raising cattle, mules and
hogs. For seven years they resided on this ranch
and then sold it and bought their present place of
fifty-three acres on the Homestead Road in the
Cupertino district. It is a full-bearing orchard, twen-
ty acres in apricots, two in cherries and twenty-eight
acres in prunes, which Mr. Jackson has brought to
a splendid state of cultivation, and it is now one
of the finest orchards in the district. He has a
splendid well, equipped with an electric pumping
plant which throws 700 gallons of water a minute.
This is located on the highest point of the ranch,
so the entire tract is irrigated by gravity flow.

Air. Jackson at one time owned a ranch at Ga-
zelle, Siskiyou County, and one of 600 acres in Ven-
tura County. This latter he exchanged for a citrus
ranch in the El Cajon Valley, San Diego County,
but on account of the distance he sold it. He also
disposed of his 400-acre ranch in Mariposa County,
as it was so far away from his home. Mr. and Mrs.
Jackson also own a valuable four-story brick busi-
ness building at 249-277 Pine Street, San Francisco.
Since disposing of their Siskiyou ranch and coming
to Santa Clara County with $30,000, they have been
very successful, accumulating all their other prop-
erty since then, which is valued at about $200,000,
showing what can be done by united and well-
directed effort. Mrs. Jackson is possessed of rare
liusiness ability and Mr. Jackson attributes much^ of
his success to her able counsel and assistance. She
is a cultured woman of a very pleasing personality
and both have a large circle of friends. Politically
they are believers in the principles of the Demo-
cratic party, and are progressive and enterprising,
aiding in all movements tending to improve and build
up the community. Mr. Jackson has been a mem-

isp.

cfoCoL 7<f^.^

(^^n-n^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

923

ber of Mt. Eddy Camp, W. O. W. at Weed for
more than twenty years, and Mrs. Jackson belon,t;s
to the Episcopal Churcli. Success has crowned the
efforts of these energetic ranchers and in the mean-
time they have found time to take an active interest
in the affairs of their countj' and state.

MAX J. CROW.— Deservedly famous among the
many show places of Santa Clara County are Crow's
Nurseries, conducted by Max J. Crow & Son, at Gil-
roy. Mr. Crow was born in Empire City, Nev., on
August 8, 1866, and his father was Alfred M. Crow,
a native of Kentucky who had migrated to Missouri
in the early '40s. He was one of eight sons all of
whom in time came out to California; and he led the
way in crossing the great plains in 1850. Alfred M.
Crow located at Shaw's Flat, where he became a
stockman; and later on he entered the lumber busi-
ness at Empire City; Nev., and supplied lumber to
miners at Gold Hill, Virginia City and throughout
the mines in that section. His first wife having died,
he married >.Iiss Martha L. Hicks, a native of Ala-
bama who was reared and educated in Missouri: she
crossed the great plains in 1865, in a party captained
by Isaac P. Crow, an uncle of our subject, and she
later married and settled at Empire City, Nev. In
1871 Alfred M. Crow and his family returned to Cal-
ifornia, located at Stockton for a short time, later
settling at Crow's Landing, Stanislaus County, where
Mr. Crow died in 1884. Mrs. Crow, mourned as was
her husband, by a large circle of devoted friends,
passed away at ^ilorgan Hill, Cal., in 1909. This
family belongs to the Crow family that settled in
Stanislaus County in the early '50s.

The eldest child of this union. Max J. Crow passed
through the public schools of the section in which he
grew up, and then attended, for a couple of terms,
the University of California. In the end, he con-
cluded his studies by completing the excellent busi-
ness courses at Heald's College in San Francisco.
He had passed his boyhood on the stock-range and
'iarm; and upon the death of his father, when the
estate was divided, he removed with his mother to
Berkeley, in 1885, and remained there for three years.
He then entered the employ of the Leonard Coates
Nursery at Napa, with which firm he remained for
seven years, and when hei decided to take up fruit-sup-
plying for himself, he opened his own store and con-
ducted it until 1897. That year he went to Missouri
and became the advertising manager of Stark Bros.
Nurseries and Orchards Company, with which he
continued for eleven years. In 1908 he came back
to California, located at Morgan Hill where he had
acquired an interest in the Leonard Coates Nurseries.
In 1909 he sold his interests and in December of that
year he founded Crow's Nurseries at Gilroy.

Since then, this business has grown rapidly, and
he made his son a partner in the fall of 1920. The
headquarters are located on a beautiful tract of land
in the southern part of Gilroy, and have become a
veritable Mecca to which people from far and near
come to select nursery stock, ornamental trees and
flowers. The fruit tree nurseries are located in Butte,
Yolo and Stanislaus counties, it being the policy to
select land and location for the different fruit trees
where they can be grown to highest perfection.
Crow's Nurseries, from time to time, sends out cata-
logs and price-lists, throughout the U. S. and foreign
countries, and these are made up with such scientific

care and accuracy, and evidence such good judgment
and business enterprise that they are decidedly cred-
itable, and si)eak well for California agricultural in-
dustry. In June, 1922, a retail store was opened at
42 Martin Street, Gilroy, for the sale of seeds, plants
and cut flowers, with nursery offices in connection.
Mr. Crow is a past president of the California Asso-
ciation of Nurserymen and is at present a member of
the executive committee, and he is secretary-treasurer
of the Nurserymen's Bud Selection Association of
California, in the interest of whose work and success
he has spent nmch effort and moni.y. During 1915-16,
and again during 1919-20, he was a member of the
city council of Gilroy.

At Napa, in 1890, Mr. Crow was married to Miss
I^ena F. Coney, a native of Jackson, Amador
County, Cal.; and their union was blessed by a son,
Harold Cornwell Crow, who served in the LT. S. Avia-
tion Corps in the World War, doing his duty by
countr}>- and humanity, and on his return to Gilroy
became a partner with his father in business. Mrs.
Crow died on January 19, 1898, and in June, 1900, Mr.
Crow married Miss Ida C. Rose, a native of Louisi-
ana, Mo. She has the distinction of having had
Champ Clark as her high school teacher. The Crow
home is on Ninth and Rosanna Streets in Gilroy. A
Republican in national political affairs Mr. Crow is
also a Mason and an Odd Fellow and his son is
master of Keith Lodge No. 187, F. & A. M. of Gilroy.

JAMES RICHARD WRIGHT.— The original an-
cestor of the Wright family, John Wright, came to
Canaan, Conn., from England as a colonial settler,
and one of his descendants, Eleazer Wright, settled
in Tallmadge, Ohio, where James R. Wright was
])orn. He was a graduate of Oberlin College, then
studied language and theology at Elyria, Ohio, and
became a minister in the Congregational Church
after which he taught Latin and Greek, and preached.
He married Sarah Vincent, a native of Boston, Mass.,
and also a graduate of Oberlin College. Mr. Wright's
health became poor, so he brought his family to
Santa Clara County, Cal., and purchased a tract of
land on the Summit, which he improved, setting out
orchards and building a comfortable residence, his
ranch comprising 250 acres.

Mr. and Mrs. Wright are the parents of ten chil-
dren: Charles, a talented educator in San Jose, was
candidate for city superintendent of schools when
he died: Eli is on the home ranch; Frederick and
Albert died in youth; Lucy, the wife of Capt. Albert
Whittlesey, resides in Portland, Ore.; Ward is in
the real estate business in Bakcrsfield, Cal ; William
H., who died in San Francisco in 1920, was with the
Fiiver Bay Dredging Company; Sumner, now retired
from the Abstract and Title business, resides in Col-
ton; Frank \'. is a business man in Alameda; Clara
(presides over the old home place. James R. Wright
was a personal friend of A. E. Davis, who was pres-
ident of the company building the narrow gauge
from San Francisco to Santa Cruz, and Mr. Davis
named the nearest station Wright's Station in honor
of Mr. Wright, ilr. Wright passed away September
,1. 1902, ei.ghtv-two years of age, his widow surviving
him until April, 1908. Mr. W^right's life was un-
doubtedly greatly prolonged by his residence in this
beautiful and health-giving mountain region. The
ranch is still in possession of the family and the

924

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

orchards arc well cared for under the supervision of
Eli Wright assisted by his sister Clara, and they oc-
cupy the old home. Mr. Wright was a cultured
gentleman interested in civics, and he stood for moral
uplift in the community-, and his teachings and life
are well worthy of imitation.

ALMON WHEELER.— An experienced arbori-
culturist who has also made a practical study of
plants and plant life, is Almon Wheeler, the presi-
dent of the Ruehl-Wheeler Nursery Company, Inc.,
of San Jose. He was born at South Bend, Ind., on
October 1, 1867, the son of Alfred and Elizabeth
Ruth (Garrison) Wheeler; the former was a cousin
of Vice-President Wheeler and the latter closely
related to Chief Justice Marshall of Virginia. The
Wheelers came to San Jose in 1885, and this city
remained their home until they were called by death.
Mrs. Wheeler died in February, 1902, and Mr.
Wheeler passed away in December of the same year.
He had been a prominent newspaperman in his time
and always interested in politics, and served as audi-
tor of St. Joseph County, Ind., for a number of j'cars
and he left a record of peculiar usefulness to society.

Almon Wheeler finished the grammar and high
school courses in the public schools of South Bend
and came to California with his parents in 1885.
Soon after his arrival here he entered the service of
John Rock, pioneer nurseryman of San Jose, to learn
the details of the business and he remained with
Mr. Rock for a number of years. In 1902, he formed
a partnership with H. Ruehl, organizing the firm of
Ruehl-Wheeler & Company, and opened their place
of business where the Studebaker Garage now stands.
As time advanced and their business grew, the part-
ners bought the site at 163 South Market Street,
improved it to suit their needs and have since con-
tinued to make that their headquarters. They main-
tain their gardens on a tract of land on the Mon-
terey highway about nine miles south of San Jose
and keep a large force of men to meet the demands
of their ever-growing business. The company make
a specialty of growing roses under contract, supply-
ing some of the leading eastern nurserymen with the
finest, hardiest and choicest of rose bushes. They
expect to bud over one million roses in 1922. In
fact, the demands are so great for their products
that they find it difiicult to find proper land upon
which to propagate their stock and keep their patrons
supplied. Besides their extensive eastern business
they have a large local trade which insist upon plants
from this particular firm. In making the shipments
east they use iced refrigerator cars to protect them
in transit from heat and cold.

Santa Clara County is rapidly becoming famous
as the rose center of the country, for no other part
of the state offers the climatic and soil conditions
to be found here. It is possible to mature the stock
and have it sturdy enough to dig and ship in the
fall, and this enterprising firm have been quick to
recognize this fact and profit by it and some of the
finest roses grown in the Eastern states have come
from their California stock. The president of the
company is Almon Wheeler; H. Ruehl. an expert
rose man, is vice-president and J. J. McClue is sec-
retary and treasurer.

Having full faith in the county where he had met
with his success, Mr. Wheeler has backed his judg-
ment with his money and he bought and developed

a fifty-acre walnut and prune orchard to a high state
of productiveness and sold it, only to again purchase
a like number of acres in the vicinity of Gilroy, and
this tract he is bringing under control and has a
fine acreage in strawberries, and the balance is de-
voted to dairy purposes. The Ruehl-Wheeler Nur-
sery Company, Inc., lease some seventy acres near
the property owned by Mr. Wheeler where they a--
preparing to grow deciduous stock. Mr. Wheeler is
a poultry fancier and has a number of fine birds of
various strains on his ranch and in which he finds
considerable entertainment and recreation.

In 1914 Mr. Wheeler was married to Mrs. Grace
L, (de la Pliene) Schofield, born in Kansas City,
Mo., and there is a daughter, Grace Royana Wheeler.
He is a member of the Nurserymen's Bud Selection
Association and of the San Jose Chamber of Com-
merce; politically he is a Republican. Although very
busily engaged in looking after his own and his
company's interests he still finds time to interest
himself in the movements that make for a better and
big.ger San Jose and Santa Clara County.

BRUCE INGELS.— A pioneer whose foresight and
wide-awake enterprise have been productive of one
of the notable industries in Santa Clara County, is
Bruce Ingels, the former proprietor of the Marble and
Granite Works at Gilroy, to which town he came soon
after the dawn of the present century. He was
born on September 25, 1846, the son of Samuel
Ingels, while his mother, who was Miss Phoebe
Rambo before her marriage, was enroute to Iowa,
and Avas near the Missouri-Iowa State line; the
parents were both natives of Iowa, and became set-
tlers of that territory before it was admitted into
the Union as a State; and Samuel Ingels was one
of the earliest postmasters of Oskaloosa, where he
was also a merchant and farmer.

At the age of eighteen, Bruce Ingels enlisted in
Company H, of the Twenty-fifth Iowa Volunteer
Infantry, for a three years' service, and he was trans-
ferred to the Ninth Iowa Volunteer Veteran Infan-
try when they were home on furlough. He served
under Grant, Sherman, and Logan until July 19,
1865, when he marched in review at Washington, and
he had the honor of marching with Sherman through
Georgia. In 1865 he returned to his home in Iowa,
and the following year he was married to Miss Par-
thenia Larsh, who was born on March 21, 1843, a
native of Des Moines and sister to another volunteer
soldier wdio stood by the Republic in the time of
war. She was a teacher in Polk County, Iowa, for
several years prior to her marriage.

Samuel Ingels had acquired a stone and marble
business through default, and Bruce having entered
into partnership with him, made good at the trade.
In 1871 he came out to California on a prospecting
tour, and he liked San Francisco so well that he
remained there for two years and worked at his
trade. The next year, he returned to Iowa; but in
1882 he removed with his family to HoUistcr and
there took up agricultural pursuits. In 1890 he re-
moved to the San Juan Valley to engage in orchard-
ing; and twelve years later he sold everything and
came to Gilroy. He entered the employ of A. A. Mar-
tin & Bro. who had the stone and marble works on
North Monterey Street, and after working steadily
for that firm for eighteen years, he acquired by pur-
chase the desirable business which he conducted

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

927

until liis rL'tircmcnt in April. U*22. Ho and his wife
own a residence at Seventh .uul Cliureh streets.

Mr. Ingels is a Repubhcan, and east liis first vote
lor Abraham Lincohi. Feir twelve > ears he served
as secretary of the Improved CVder of Redmen.
Mrs. Ingels is a member of the Gilro\- W. C. T. U.,
and the Civic Center, and a student in Dr. Russell's
Bible School, and in such work as this she is handing
down the traditions of her parents, William Lewis
and Mary B. (Tacitt) Larsh, wdio were both members
of prominent Ohio families, and related to members
of the State legislature and the judiciary. She is.
besides, past president of the ^Y. R. C. of HoUister,
and has proven herself a great organizer. Three
children were granted Air. and Airs. Bruce Ingels,
and from them have sprung ten grandchildren and
two great-grandchildren. Kitty is the wife of John
Waters of Vallejo, and they have four children. Clyde
Larsh Ingels is married, also has four children; he
served in the Spanish-American War, and resides
near Monterey. Edith AI. has become the wife of
Martin Heath, and they- reside at Oakland with
their two children. Leroy Waters, one of the grand-
sons, served seven years in the U. S. Navy and has
sailed the seven seas, while his brother Carl has
served one j-ear in the Navy.

JOHN E. WHITE.— Among the most popular of-
ficials of Santa Clara County is John E. White, a
native of England, born in Dorchestershire on Sep-
tember IS, 1860, the son of Charles and Sarah (Par-
sons) White, both of whom sprang from the same
Dorset soil. He was reared and schooled at Buck-
horn Weston; and when only nine years of age, was
employed by his uncle, J. Adams, a construction
engineer, to work on the new railroad from Bristol
to New Passage, for which he received eighteen shil-
lings per week. Later he worked at the Forest of
Dean, and received twenty-four shillings per week.
In the latter part of 1873 he set out for the United
States, and in December, after three weeks out from
Liverpool, he arrived at Gilroy, having survived the
sinking of the City of Chester when he was fortu-
nately picked up in midocean by the passing City of
Brussels. Seven years before, his older brother,
George T. White, had located at Gilroy, and on his
reaching here he obtained employment on the EUis
Dairy Ranch, where he put in his first half-year in
America. The following two years he was employed
by James Rea, and then for many years he was
cheesemaker on the Doan ranch. The year 1895
found him happily recovered from a serious illness,
and he was then elected on the Republican ticket to
the office of constable of Gilroy township; and he
has the exceptional honor of holding the same office
ever since. He was made a citizen of the United
States in 1876 by order of Judge Rhoades. and he
has been among the first and the most efficient in
maintaining law and order.

At Gilroy, in 1876, Mr. White was married to Mrs.
Sarah (Rhoades) Cavanaugh, the daughter of Thomas
Rhoades, and a widow with two children: Nettie is
the widow of Lyman Wilson, and has one child.
Minnie is the wife of George Milias, the prominent
hotel proprietor of Gilroy, and they have one son.
Mrs. White was born on November IS, 18S3, a na-
tive of Missouri, and crossed the plains with her
parents; and when they reached the River Platte
her father was drowned. The widow, with her

bal)e, proceeded to California, and at Sacramento
joined a brother, already in public life and a mem-
ber, from 1854-6(1, of the State Legislature. Her
mother ilied at Old Gilroy in December, 1910, aged
sixty-four years. Four children were born to this
union: Carrie is the wife of William Burchell, the
owner of the L. A. L. (Parage; they have two chil-
dren and reside at San Jose. Nellie married J.
Summers; they have one son and reside at Oakland.
George married Vera Wilson, a rancher at Old Gil-
roy-. Walter married Miss Laura Gilbert, and with
their two children they reside at San Jose. Mr.
White owns twenty-three and a half acres of very
desirable irrigated alfalfa land at Old Gilroy, on
which his son conducts a dairy, while operating some
thirty acres of his own. Mr. White is an Odd Fellow-,
and Mrs. White is a member of the Rebekah Lodge.

STEPHEN WHITE SHELDON.— Not many
pioneers have enjoyed a higher esteem in their day.
or been more honored and mourned for after their
demise, than the late Stephen White Sheldon, for
many years the superintendent of the vast and valu-
able Miller & Lux ranches in Santa Clara County.
A native of Rhode Island, he was born at Chepachet
on February 17, 1848, in the same city where his
grandfather, J'eremiah, rounded out a long and very
useful career, and served both his city and his county
in various position of public trust. He waj a mem-
ber of one of the earliest Yankee families, and owned
the historic Scotch Hill, a farm which had been the
scene of several bloody tragedies of the Revolution-
ary W^ar. He w-as among the sturdiest musketmen
in the Colonial ranks, and 3'et he was able to be-
queath to his son, Joseph, the father of our subject,
the material rewards of a life filled with gratifying
success. Joseph Sheldon was also a Rhode Islander,
w-ho learned the carpenter's trade. Proud of his own
family tree, he chose for his wife Miss Nancy Young,
a member of another old Rhode Island family, by
whom he had seven children, a daughter becoming
the wife of Henry Miller, of Miller & Lux, and the
youngest being Stephen White Sheldon.

He grew upon on the home farm and then en-
gaged in teaming in Chepachet, while he attended
both the country and city schools. He ventured out
to California in 1878, relying for his capital upon his
y-outh, his health, and his character. He accepted
a post as farm hand for Miller & Lux, the land and
cattle barons on the West Side of the San Joaquin
Valley, and wise he was to do so, for his enterprise
and fidelity soon came to the personal attention of
his employers, and he was given rapid advancement
as recognition and reward. After a while he became
foreman on the Santa Rita Rancho, held by the
same companJ^ and in 1884 he was made superin-
tendent of Miller & Lux's Peach Tree Ranch in
Monterey County. In 1886 he filled a similar posi-
tion on the ranch at Soap Lake, in Santa Clara
County, when he made his headquarters on the
Bloomfield farm. By 1890 Mr. Sheldon's status with
the company had so far improved that he was placed
over their Bloomfield, Soap Lake, Mount Madonna
and Oak Grove, and other ranches in Santa Clara
County. Eleven years afterward he resigned his
large and trying responsibilities and moved into Gil-
roy, and there, at the corner of Forest and Lewis
streets, he built a large and beautiful residence for
himself and family. He also put up a barn of 200

928

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

tons capacity for the storage of hay, which he
shipped to the San Jose and San Francisco markets.
After 1901 he was very successful as a dealer in
horses, and as a hay merchant in Gilroy. He was
a member of the Knights of Pythias. In 1914, on
January 20, he passed away, survived by his widow
and three children. Mrs. Sheldon was Miss Minnie
W. Pfeififer, a niece of Henry Miller, before her mar-
riage, on August 2, 1883, and she is an active mem-
ber of the Gilroy Women's Club, and the Tuesday
Reading Circle. Josephine W. Sheldon became the
wife of Henry Kickham, a prominent stockraiscr of
Santa Clara County. Gerry W. saw service in the
World War overseas for over two years, and on his
return home married Miss Lily A. Tilton. He car-
ries on ranching at Gilroy. Mildred C. has become
the wife of S. G. Cornett, and the mother of one
child, Mildred Marie. They rc,sidc in Los Eanos,
where Mr. Cornett manages the Bank of Italy.

MRS. ELIZABETH LOWE WATSON.— Emi-
nent among tlie most distinguished California women,
widely known and honored for their intellectuality
and effective participation in important movements
for the uplift of the human race, Mrs. Elizabeth
Lowe Watson, the famous inspirational speaker, en-
joys an enviable status throughout the Golden State.

This friend of good things was born in Solon,
Ohio, in 1843. Her parents, Abraham and Lucretia
Daniels Xowe, soon moved to Leon, N. Y., where
Elizabeth received a common school education, and
early became an inspirational speaker on liberal re-
li,gious lines anti-slavery, temperance, peace and
woman's rights. For over fifty years she has been
a Hfe-member of The American Peace Society.

In 1861 she married Jonathan Watson, prominent
in the development of the Pennsylvania oil fields.
They established a beautiful home in Rochester,
N. Y. , which soon became a center of intellectual,
spiritual and reform activities. This young woman
cared for five step-children and four of her own:
(liptheria came and two little ones were gathered in
by the good angel of immortality. Her eldest. Will
L. Watson, the stay and comfort of his mother, at
twenty-five, suddenly sickened and "was not, for God
took him"

The gifted daughter, Lucretia, a graduate of the
L'nivcrsity of California, beloved by all who knew
her, "Life's Golden Flower," her mother's one per-
fect joy, married B. Grant Taylor of Collins, N. Y.,
now clerk of the Supreme Court of California, and
both were ardent coworkers with Mrs. Watson until
the passing on of Mrs. Taylor in 1913.

In 1878 reverses of fortune came and in 1880 tlic
family moved to Santa Clara County, making an
ideal country home, "Sunny Brae," at Cupertino.
Mr. Watson passed away in 1892. Almost imme-
diately after coming to California, Mrs. Watson was
engaged for regular Sunday services in San Fran-
cisco, out of ivhich grew the Religio-Philosophical
Society, with Mrs. Watson as its pastor, at the Metro-
politan Temple. The Temple had a seating ca-
pacity of 1500, and was often filled to the doors with
an audience composed of people of all denomina-
tions. In 1882 she filled a four months' lecture en-
gagement in Australia, which was in every way a
pronounced success.

"Sunny Brae," still owned by Mrs. Watson, with
its lovch' lawns, noble trees, rare shrubbery, wooded

ravine and nearby mountains, has been the scene
of remarkable gatherings. For nearly thirty years,
on the first Sunday in June, religious services were
held under "Temple Oak," which has a spread of
eighty-seven feet in all directions, — where crowds
from far and near came to hear the gospel of human
brotherhood, peace, equal rights, temperance and a
demonstrated immortality. On these days the neigh-
borhood church dispensed with its morning service,
minister and congregation joining generously in the
meeting at "Sunny Brae." Here Susan B. Anthony
and Dr. Anna Howard Shaw delighted crowds of
people during one of the latest suflfrage campaigns.
Mrs. Watson was president of the California Equal
Suffrage Association for two years, 1910-11, and the
suffrage victory was won during her administration.
Notwithstanding her almost fourscore years she is
still popular as a platform orator and is earnestly
working and praying for the abolishment of war
and the perpetual reign of peace on earth. She is
the author of "Song and Sermon," a small collection
of poems and lectures, and is at present engaged in
writing the history of her psychical experiences.

WILLIAM WATSON ABERNATHY.— Among

the highly-esteemed settlers of Santa Clara County
are William Watson Abernathy and his good wife,
residents of the vicinity of Saratoga, who are en-
joying the fruits of courageous industry, foresight
and thrift. Mr. Abernathy was born in Ohio near
Xenia, June 18, 1849, the son of Samuel and Lydia
Abernathy. His father was a farmer and when
William was twelve years of age, his father moved
to Lafayette, Ind., and there William lived until
he was twenty-one years old, then returned to Ohio
where he worked in a tile factory for two years.
Then he went to Linn County, Iowa, and was mar-
ried there at Center Point, September 21, 1873, to
Miss Sarah E. Hodgell, who was born near Barnes-
ville, Ohio, in 1853, the daughter of John and Emily
("Carpenter) Hodgell. The father was a native of
Ohio and of English origin, while Mrs. Hodgell was
a native of the same state. They were farmers and
removed to Linn County, Iowa, in 1872, where they
died. John Hodgell served in the Civil War as a
member of an Ohio regiment.

Mr. Abernathy engaged in farming in Iowa until
1876, when they moved to Jewell, County, Kans , and
engaged in farming near Jewell until 1901, when
they came to San Jose, Cal. Mr. Abernathy was in
the feed and fuel business for nine years and then
he and his son bought their present place on the
Saratoga Road, near Moreland Station, and here
they have since resided. Mr. and Mrs. Abernathy
have two children: Minnie now resides in lola, Kans.,
she is the wife of Frank R. Forrest, and they be-
came the parents of three children — Josephine, Ed-
win and Wendell: A. Frank married Miss Nettie
^lelone and they have two children — Florence and
^ranees. A. Frank was superintendent of the
Porosis Farm in Santa Clara County for about seven-
teen years but is now running his own orchard. Mr.
.'\bernathy's farm consists of fifteen and a half acres,
two acres are set to apricots, one acre to peaches,
and the remainder in prunes. Mr. and Mrs Aber-
nathy arc active members of the Christian Church
at San Jose. Mrs. Abernathy is a charming lady of
talent and winning personaliy and has been a true
hel]imate to her ambitious and industrious husband.
He is a member of the Modern Woodmen.

^^^^^y^^^ t-^^^r^ J^^^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

931

EDWARD F. ELLIS. — I'rom pioneer tinu-s to the
present the Ellis family lias been connected with tlie
development and upl)uilding of Santa Clara Cotnit\-
along agricultural lines, and h'dward F. lilhs, who i><
operating a portion of the old homestead, is \vorthil\-
sustaining the traditions of the name in this respecl.
He was born near Los Gatos. on the old Ellis Home-
stead on Shannon Road. December 8. 1871, a son oE
lohn and Ann (Kennedy') Ellis, liorn in New York
,nid Canada, respectively, who journeyed to California
around Cape Horn in a sailing x'essel in tlie '50^.
The father was a tanner b\' trade and the famil\-
took up their residence on a farm of 163 acres situ-
ated on the Shannon Road, wdiere Mr. and Mr.-..
ICUis spent their remaining years, the former passing
away in 1876 and the latter in 1915. They had three
cliildren. all of whom are living, Edward being the
oldest and the onh' one now in Santa Clara County.
After completing his public school course he aided
his mother in the cultivation of the home rancli. a;,
his father had died when he was only five years old,
continuing to operate the ranch and care for his
mother on the home place until she died. He now
owns thirty-four acres thereof, tlie remainder of the
property having passed out of the possession of the
family. He is a practical agriculturist, whose stanrl-
ards of farming are high, and everything about the
place indicates that he follows progressive methods.
He has an orchard of apricots and a vineyard.

Mr. Ellis gives his political allegiance to the Re-
publican party, for he deems that its polic}' best con-
serves national progress. He is a lover of fine horses
and for recreation turns to hunting and fishing. His
entire life, covering a period of fifty years, has been
passed in this community, whose welfare and
progress are to him matters of deep mornent, and the
sterling worth of his character is indicated in the
fact that he is held in the highest esteem by those
who have known him from the early days of his boy-
hood to the present time.

JAMES PRINCEVALLE. — Justly prominent
among the business men of Santa Clara County is
James Princevalle. the popular mayor of Gilroy, who
has done so much in the creating of the new, up-to-
date and beautiful city. The historic town ow-es a
generous share of its mercantile impetus to this na-
tive son who was born there on September 1, 1875,
and who came to be the owner of two of the most
profitable and desirable enterprises, an ice-cream and
confectionery manufactory, and a grocery, formerly
owned by his highly-esteemed father, long the land-
mark at the corner of Monterey and Fourth streets.
His father, Giacomo Princevalle, identified with the
past rather than with the present Gilroy, was born
in Italy and crossed the wide seas in 1849, his mind
aglow with better prospects in the land of gold; but
meeting with the same small measure of success
there which discouraged thousands, he wisely turned
his energies to other channels, and settled in San
Francisco, Avhere he opened a store. He had many
difficulties with which to contend on account of a
lack of knowledge of English and of American busi-
ness ways; but the wide-awake folks of the hustling
bay city were not slow in recognizing the value of
his honesty and his genial, helpful ways, and in time

he foimd a foremost place among the most prosper-
ous of Italian-Americans there. He found his ideal
m an Italian maiden named Palmina Lomietta and
liavmg married her, they established themselves in
prosriective domestic comfort and happiness; but a
disastrous fire in San Francisco, sweeping away
everytliing he had, and almost demanding as addi-
tional toll the lives of his wife and babv, turned his
attention to inland tiilroy.

^ Re-establishing himself here in 1869, Giacomo
Princevalle commenced again, facing and surmount-
ing each succeeding ne\v difficulty with fortitude and
optimism. Beginning with a little fruit stand on a
street corner wdiich many jiioneers will recall, he en-
tered the grocery trade, branched out and ' further
developed, until he was able to retire from active
business life in February, 1904. Four sons and one
daughter blessed their union, and James, the subject
of our story, was next to the youngest in the family.

James got all the help and benefit possible from
the public school courses, and then pursued a com-
mercial course at the Garden City Business College,
from wdiich he was graduated in 1896, when he en-
tered upon the years of training under his father
which were to prove, after all, the most valuable aids
of all. In 1898 he commenced to manufacture con-
fectioner}-, and also began to make ice-cream and
to operate a fine soda-water plant. He was success-
ful from the first; and in February, 1904, he was able
to purchase the well-established grocery from his
father, and to carry the responsibility of the joint
enterprises. His store soon was recognized as one
of the most substantial institutions in the local com-
mercial world, carrying a large and varied assortment
of strictly first-class goods.

As might be expected from so enterprising and
public-spirited a young merchant, who has here in-
vested all his estate, and who is therefore deeply in-
terested in the future w-elfare of the whole region,
Mr. Princevalle has been long interested in political
movements and propositions, especially those fostered
by the Democratic party. He first assumed the re-
sponsibility of public ofiice wdien. in 1904, he was
elected by a large majority as the Progressive can-
didate to the Gilroy City Council, soon serving as
chairman of the street, and a member of the police,
fire, water, gas and public buildings committees. His
broad, progressive views made themselves felt
throughout town life; and it is not surprising to find
him mayor of Gilroy, having been elected to that
high office m May, 1920. He is a member of the
Gilroy Fire Department, is active as second vice-
president of the Gilroy Chamber of Commerce, is a
member and secretary of the State Retail Grocers'
Association, his popularity there and high standing
in the community of Gilroy as a representative mer-
chant enabling him to exert the widest influence on
measures most favorable to the grocery-consuming
public. When Mr. Princevalle married, at Hollister,
on June 29. 1902, he chose for his life-companion
Miss Eva F. IMcFarland, a native of Albany, Ore.,
and she presides with grace over their household.
Mr. Princevalle is a member of the I. O. O. F. and
the Foresters, and he is also a member of the B. P.
O. Elks of San Jose, and is president of the Gilroy
Golf and Country Club.

932

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

H. L. PARKMAN. — Prominent among the most
progressive, able business men of California may well
be mentioned H. L. Parkman, one of the honored

citizens of San Jose, who, together with his accom-
plished wife, who is a member of a well-known pio-
neer family of Santa Cruz County, are representatives
of the best forces and tendencies in the California
civilization of today. Although living on his fine
fruit ranch at Sunnyvale, Mr. Parkman carries on his
extensive business operations in San Francisco and
so joins his country life with the throb of the Coast
metropolis. He was born at San Jose on L'ebruary
17, 1879, a son of the pioneer musician. Professor
George Parkman, who is still alive, at the ripe old
age of eighty-tive, and resides with his daughter,
Mrs. C. C. Spalding at Sunnyvale. Notwithstanding
his advanced years he is busily engaged every day,
and holds a vcrj- responsible position at the State
Hospital at Agnew, where he is superintendent of the
shoe department. He was San Jose's pioneer band
and orchestra leader, and was born at Cardiff, Wales,
and was married in England to Miss Elizabeth Ann
Parsons, a native of the ancient and beautiful city
of Bath. He came out to America in 1851, and
crossed the great plains the same year with his de-
voted wife; and they at once located at San Jose.
Mrs. Parkman continued to live in Santa Clara
County until 1913, when she passed away on June 6,
iri her seventy-third year, at the home of her son, the
late Dr. Wallace E. Parkman, in San Jose.

Eight children were granted this eminent pioneer
couple. George, now si.xty years old, is a musician
at Eureka. Elizabeth died in her fourth year, while
crossing the great plains. Charles died twenty-four
years ago. Will passed away in Montana, in 1911.
He was a carpenter by trade. Jessie is the wife of
the Hon. C. C. Spalding, of Sunnyvale, whose life-
history will be found outlined in another part of
this historical work. Dr. Wallace E. Parkman
breathed his last at San Jose, on October 5, 1915,
forty-three years old. Maud died when she was ten
years old; and Harry Leland, the subject of this
sketch, who is the youngest of the family. The lat-
ter's early life was passed in San Jose, and when al)le
to take up responsible work, he entered the circulation
department of the Evening New^s, taking charge
of that responsible work, and later managed the ad-
vertising end. His first employer was Charles Will-
iams, at that time the proprietor of the News; and
he was with him for many years. Mr. Parkman con-
siders that the training and experience he acquired
there were invaluable, for Mr. Williams was one of
the greatest masters of system in San Jose business
circles. Resigning from the News, Mr. Parkman
went to San l-"raneisco and engaged with the Em-
porium, wdiere he was for a year in charge of the
credit department; and when he left, he joined the
Gorham Rubber Company as a salesman. When that
concern vas absorbed by the United States Rubber
Company, he entered the employ of the latter, and
having amply demonstrated his ability and dependa-
bility, remained in their service for ten years. Re-
signing once more, he became district manager of the
Republic Rubber Company, with whom he remained
six years. He resigned that position on January 1,
1921, and accepted the management of the Acme
Rubber Company's interests, with the Ralph Pugh
Rubber Company, at San Franisco.

When Mr. Parkman left the United States Rubber
Company, eight years ago, he sold his residence at
3217 Central Avenue, Alameda, built by himself, and
bought twenty acres on Pastoria Avenue, Sunny-
vale; and in 1920 he built a beautiful, two-story resi-
dence there. Mr. and Mrs. Parkman offered numer-
ous ideas and novel features which were incorporated
in the general plan by the architect, Warren SkiU-
higs of San Jose; Henry Bridges of the same city
became the contracting builder. It is one of the
finest residences at Sunnyvale, surrounded as it is
by a well-kept ranch in a high state of cultivation,
with a fine orchard of apricots, peaches and prunes.
Mr. Parkman has always been public-spirited, and
is at the present chairman of the board of school trus-
tees of Sunnyvale.

At San Jose, on October 12, 1904, Mr. Parkman was
married to Miss Birdie R. Cummings, a native of
Santa Cruz and the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George
H. Cummings, the well-knov/n teamster contractor of
Santa Cruz. She is also the niece of Fred and Charles
Cummings, prominent citizens of that city. Mr. and
^.Irs. Parkman have one child — a daughter, Harriet
Rowena. Mr. Parkman is a member of Apollo Lodge,
F. & A. M., at Alameda, Lodge No. 522, B. P. O. E.,
at San Jose; Sunnyvale Lodge, L O. O. I'., the
Eastern Star of Sunnyvale and the Transporta-
tion Club of San Francisco. Mrs. Parkman is a
member of Carita Chapter of the Eastern Star No.
115, at Alameda, while she is capably and creditably
serving as the first president of the Parent-Teacher
Association at Sunnyvale.

ALAN ELTZROTH CURTNER.— Among the

native-born sons of California who is a worthy repre-
sentative of the Curtner family of Santa Clara
County, is Alan Eltzroth Curtner, whose father is
also a native of California. Alan E. was born in
Warm Springs, Cal., January 17, 1896, the son of
Allen E. and Rosabella (Hewitt) Curtner. The father
was born in Warm Springs, October 5, 1867; and grew
to manhood on the farm of his father, Henry Curt-
ner, and received his education at the Irvington
Academy, of which the latter was one of the found-
ers, and one of Santa Clara County's best known
philanthropists, whose life story is found elsewhere
in this history. Allen E. Curtner married Miss Rosa-
bella Hewitt, a native of England, who came to Cali-
fornia with her parents when she was fourteen years
old. They reside on a ranch located on Maude
Avenue, one and one-half miles from Sunnyvale,
wdiich consists of 275 acres, most of which is rented.
They are the parents of three children, of whom Alan
E., the subject of this sketch, is the youngest. Isa-
bella is the wife of Bud Moore; Louise is the wife
of Derol Chace. Alan E. obtained his education in
the grammar schools of Warm Springs, after which
he attended Washburn school and the Mountain
View high school. When he was eleven years old
his father moved to the ranch on Maude Avenue,
and here he grew to manhood. On June 1, 1918, he
entered the U. S. Army and was sent to Camp
Kearney, being attached to Battery E, One Hundred
Forty-third Field Artillery, and was in training until
August 1 of the same year, when with his regiment
he was ordered overseas, entraining to Camp Mills,
Long Island; sailing on the transport Armach from
Hoboken he landed in Liverpool, thence to La Havre,
France, via Southhampton, then to Poitiers, and was

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HISTORY OF SANTA CT.ARA COUNTY

933

encamped there two weeks. For a short time he \vas
stationed near Bordeaux, tlien was at Camp de
Souges one and one-half months. .\t the time the
armistice was signed his company was preparing to
take position at the front at Atetz, Germany. He
was tlien retmiied to tlie embarkation camp near
Bordeau.x and was among tlie first to arrive in New
York, receiving his discharge at the Presidio, San
Francisco, in January, 1919.

Mr. Curtner's marriage occurred at Santa Rosa on
July 3, l''iO, and united him with Miss Celesta June
Burch, who was horn in Illinois and recei\'ed her
education in the grammar and high schools of Los
.\ngeles. After his marriage Mr. Curtner engaged
in horticulture, and in tlie spring in 1921 purchased
his present ranch on Homestead Road which is de-
voted to raising prunes and apricots and is well
watered by Stevens Creek, making it a very beautiful
and attractive place with a magnificent view of Santa
Cruz mountains. ^Ir. and Mrs. Curtner are achiev-
ing success in their horticultural efforts and have a
host of admiring friends.

MISS EMILY S. WILSON.— -\ highly esteemed
resident of New York City, wdio very worthily rep-
resents a pioneer in Santa Clara County still held
in sacred remembrance, is Miss Emily S. Wilson, of
58 \Vest 57th Street, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs.
William Wilson, since the late '60s identified with
this region. They had put behind them, ere coming
to California, the hard day's work, and so from their
advent in the Golden State they were able to live
in comfortable retirement, serene in a grateful ap-
preciation of the past and in an optimistic view" as
to the future — immediate and vastly beyond. Mr.
Wilson was born in Marlboro, Mass., on October
13, 1810, the sixth in a family of five sons and six
daughters, and he grew up to help his father around
the home place. His father, William Wilson, first
saw the light at Cambridge. Mass., while his mother,
who was Elizabeth Rand before her marriage, came
from New Hampshire. The grandfather of our sub-
ject operated his own small farm near Marlboro,
with which he achieved that success which afforded
a support for the family. When eighteen j^ears of
age, William Wilson, Jr., tiring of farm work, was
apprenticed to a wheelwright and carriage-maker,
and having mastered the trade, he followed it, for
years, at the old Massachusetts town. As a Free
Soiler and Whig, he was town assessor for seven
years, and he also served on the board of selectmen
of Marlboro and served as the board's chairman.
Later he turned his attention and his energies to the
care of a large estate in ^larlboro, which he man-
aged for years. He had been apprenticed to S. R.
Phelps, the leading carriage manufacturer of that
region, and his daughter. Miss Martha Phelps, be-
came Mr. Wilson's wife, in every way realizing his
expectations of noble and sympathetic womanhood,
bravely shouldering, both in the East and West,
whatever of responsibility came her way, She died
at Gilroy on November 18, 1893, the mother of five
children, Charles F., deceased; Sarah, Mrs. Winslow
M. Warren, deceased; Emily Susan, our subject;
Lavinia A., Mrs. Marshall E. Hunter, deceased; and
Winslow. Mr. Wilson also died in Gilroy July 29,
1905, when past ninety years of age. The family were
members of the Congregational Church, to whose
support they contributed generously.

Miss Emily was born at Marlboro, Mass., on Sep-
tember 12, 1,S40, and attended Mt. Holyoke College,
at South Hadley, from which she was graduated with
honors in July, 1861. Then she became a teacher
at Mt. Holyoke, and when Mills College wanted a
certain instructor, she joined the staff of that grow-
ing institution at Oakland. She came to enjoy the
diversion and stimulation incidental to wide, edu-
cating travel, and spent two and one-half years in
hurope, besides making several voyages to Hawaii,
and an eight-months' cruise in the South Seas, where
no white woman had ever been before, terminating
with a delightful visit to New Zealand, Java, China
and Japan. Miss Wilson organized the Tuesday
Reading Club, and later the F. R. F. G. Study Club,
composed of a limited number of the younger women
of Gilroy, and belonged to the Tuesday Club of
Marlboro, and the Barnard Club of New York; and
in each of these she is an enviable influence for higher
and better things. Her many friends in Santa Clara
County rejoice at the opportunity afforded her to
render real service to the world.

ALBERT J. CARREY.— Numbered among the
notably successful men of the Gilroy district is Albert
J. Carrey the owner and proprietor of the Pioneer
Soda Works. He was born in Bordeaux, France, on
.July 4, 1864, the son of Louis and Katrine Carrey,
farmer folks and peasants and parents of nine chil-
dren. The father lived to be ninety-four and the
mother sixty-five. He was reared and schooled in the
country and assisted his father with the farm work
and remained at home until 1884, when he decided
that a greater future and more opportunities were to
be found in America and California, where he had a
brother at Gilroy. Arriving in San Francisco in the
fall of 1884, he made his way to the town of Gilroy.
He found employment on the large ranch of Miller
& Lux, and though his knowledge of the English
language was very limited, his determination to suc-
ceed led him to apply himself during his spare mo-
ments in the study of the language and he was ad-
vanced to the position of chief foreman of the cheese
factory, a position he held for ten years.

The marriage of Mr. Carrey occurred in 1895 and
soon after he entered into partnership with James
Sergeant at the Sergeant ranch and conducted a
dairy business for twelve years, manufacturing cheese
for the San Francisco markets; those years were years
of toil, but success came abundantly and b}- strict in-
tegrity and wise investing, Mr. Carrey became inde-
pendent in a financial way. Late in 1902 he decided
to leave the ranch and removed to Gilroy wdiere he
had considerable town property, on which he erected
several fine residences which bring him satisfactory
returns; he also owns the building occupied by the
Buckhorn Billiard and Bowling rooms on South
Monterey Street. Mr. Carrey resides with his family
in a comfortable home located at 345 North Monte-
rey Street. In 1914 he established the Pioneer Soda
Works and is distributor for Napa Soda and Cook's
Spring waters and has built up a fine business, his
radius of distribution covering thirty miles north
and south of Gilroy and extendin.g into San Benito
and Monterey counties. He has always taken an
active interest in civic activities since receiving his
V. S. citizenship papers in 1890 and is considered
among Gilroy's most progressive citizens. He is a
charter member of the Chamber of Commerce and

9,34

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

is a stockholder in tJK- (iilroy branch of the Garden
City Bank & Trust Co. In his pohtical affiliations he
i^ a Republican and fraternally he is a member of
the Moose and Druids, bciuK a jiast officer of the
latter order. He and his family are members of the
Catholic Church, and he is president of St. Mary's
Church Improvement Club, in Gilroy. Mrs. Carrey
is active in the work of the church. Mr. and Mrs.
Carrey are the parents of two children, Celine, a
stenographer in San I'rancisco, and Albert, Jr., a stu-
dent in Stanford University. Mr. Carrey is proud
to be identified with the [irosperous city of (jilroy
and his loyalty and public-spiritcdness can be counted
upon at all times.

LOGAN L, WHITEHURST.— A son of a wor-
thy pioneer of California, Logan L. Whitehurst is
successfully carrying on the lumber business estab-
lished by his father under the name of Whitehurst
& Hedges, or the (.iilroy Lumber Yard, so many
years ago. A native of Santa Clara County, Logan
L. Whitehurst was born near San Jose, February 25,
1866, a son of L. A. and Hettie A. (Logan) White-
burst. The father was born in Princess Ann County,
\^a., June 4, 1834. When he was six years old the
family removed to St. Louis, Mo., and there resided
for four years; thence they moved to Lexington, that
state. In 1849 he crossed the plains to California,
and proceeded to Bidwell's Bar, Butte County, wdiere
he engaged m mining; but meeting with poor suc-
cess, he returned to Missouri in the fall of 1852. Re-
maining in that state until 1859, he once more re-
turned to the Pacific Coast and, crossmg the Isthmus
of Panama, arrived in Sacramento September 22,
1859. At the end of two months he removed to
Santa Clara County, and after a short stay in San
Jose, located on the Santa Cruz toll road not far from
Lexington, and engaged in lumbering. After re-
maining here for ten years, in the winter of 1869 he
went back East for a visit, but returned to California
the following March and took up his residence in
Cdroy, where he resided until he passed away at
the age of seventy-three, on May 14, 1907. On Jan-
uary 31, 1860, he married iliss Hettie A. Logan, a
native of Missouri, and the>' were the parents of
seven children, five of whom are living: W. A.;
Janet, Mrs. A. il. Kelley and L. L., twins; Nettie,
Mrs. R. ]•:. Brownell; and Hettie, Mrs. W. E. Cun-
ningham, all residents of this county. Mrs. White-
liurst died in October, 1907, aged sixty-three. Mr.
Whitehurst was a member of the I. O. O. F. for
many years, and he served as mayor of Gilroy, and
always was a strong advocate of all municipal im-
provements; was president of the Bank of Gilroy for
about twenty years and a director of the Bank of
Hollister and the Safety Deposit Bank of San Jose.

Lo.gan L. Whitehurst received his preliminary ed-
ucation in the public schools of Gilroy and later at-
tended a business college in San Francisco. After
completing his education he entered the employ of
his father and engaged in the milling of lumber in
the Santa Cruz mountains anfl in working the ranch.
In 1906 he became manager of the home yard at Gil-
roy, which had been established some years before
the railroad was projected through to Gilroy.

In 1909, at San Jose, Mr. Whitehurst was united in
marriage with Miss Jennie Funkier, wdio was born
and reared in San Jose, a daughter of William and
lennie (Ruff) Funkier, and they are the parents of

two children, Logan L., Jr., and Yvonne C. In 1910
Mr. Whitehurst erected a fine residence at 308 South
Church Street. Fraternally he is a member of the
Odd Fellows at Gilroy and the Elks at Watsonville.
while Mrs. Whitehurst is a member of the Women's
Civic Club of Gilroy. The lumber yards at Gilroy
are operated under their corporate name of White-
liurst & Hodges, or the Gilroy Lumber Yard, and
are a distinct success owing to the ability, coupled
with honesty and fair dealing, of the manager, who
possesses the same high business principles of the
elder AVhitehurst.

JOSEPH EDWARD HANCOCK.— No section of
California has been more fortunate than Santa Clara
County in attracting to its territory and service the
cream of educational talent; and among those who
have come to reside and work here, who are already
distinguished in the pedagogical world, may well be
mentioned Joseph Edward Hancock, the popular
principal of the Grant School in San Jose, He was
born at New Almaden, Santa Clara County, on No-
vember 24, 1874, the son of Joseph Hancock, a miner
and foreman of construction, who married Miss Emma
Harris, and with her came to San Jose about 1872.
The father is now deceased.

Joseph Edward finished his public school work
only to go on with his studies at the San Jose Nor-
mal School and Stanford University. Then he was
made principal of the Franklin School at San Jose,
and so successfully discharged his responsibilities
there that he remained the head of that excellent in-
stitution for five years. Then he became principal
of the Grant School, and he has been in charge there
ever since, a period of twenty-three years. When
he took hold of the helm he supervised the work of
350 pupils and 12 teachers; now 25 teachers enthusi-
astically follow- his lead and instruct 1,000 pupils.
Mr. Hancock has been three times elected president
of the alumni of the San Jose State Normal School;
he is a member of the National Educational Associa-
tion, the State Educational Association and the State
Council of Education. For eleven years he has been
a member of the Santa Clara County Board of Ed-
ucation, and several times has been president of that
board. He was also the chairman of the committee
having charge of the great historical pageant, "San
Jose," which was produced in 1917 for the benefit of
the Red Cross at the beginning of the war. He be-
longs to the Chamber of Commerce and for many
years has been a member of the board of directors
of the Y. M. C A. When the county board of su-
pervisors organized the County Charities Commis-
sion, early in 1921, Mr. Hancock was appointed a
meml)er and has been chairman of that body since
its inception. During the war Mr, Hancock served
as county war garden director.

J. E. Hancock was married at San Jose, on No-
vember 29, 1899, to Miss Lessie M, Rainey of Michi-
gan and San Jose, and the}- have two children,
Velda and Joseph Rainey. Mr. Hancock is a Knights
Templar Mason, is a past master of Fraternity Lodge
and past patron of the Eastern Star; belongs to the
N, S. G. W., of which he is past president; is Past
Exalted Ruler of the Elks and a inember of the Lions
Club and the Sciots, being at this time Toparch of
that order. For recreation he is fond of hunting and
fishing, and gets fun and hard work out of ranching. ,

fin
Scj,

-iltii

HISTORY OF SANTA LT.ARA C(JUNT\^

935

JONAS CLARK, M, D., F. A. C. S.— A distin-
giiishod representative of the medical profession in
California widely known as a specialist, is Dr. louas
Clark, F. A. C. S., a native of Waltham, I\Iass.' now
residiny: at 192 Fifth Street, C.ilroy. He was sent as
a boy to a private acadeinw the Waltham New
Church School, and afterwards was .uraduated from
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, when he
received the B. S. degree. In 1875, at the completion
of his studies in the Harvard Medical School at Bos-
ton, that famous institution conferred upon him the
degree of Doctor of >.Iedicine. While at Harvard
during one year. Dr. Clark made class dissections for
Oliver ^^'cndell Holmes, the poet, for demonstration
to the class; for nearly thirty years Dr. Holmes
was professor of anatomy and physiology at the col-
lege. In 1874 Dr. Clark was extern, then intern and
in 1876 house surgeon in the Massacheusetts Charit-
able Eye and Ear Infirmary at Boston.

Dr. Clark specialized in the treatment of the e\'e,
ear and throat, intending to follow a career in the
East: but on account of his health, he came West
and located at \\'oodland, where he soon established
a good practice. Then for one year he took charge
of the private practice and the work of Dr. Stallard
in the San Francisco Polyclinic. In 1892 he re-
moved to Gilro}', and in time opened ottiees on North
Monterey Street. From 1910 to 1913 he was superin-
tendent of the Santa Clara County Hospital, and for
ten years he was district surgeon for the Southern
Pacific Railroad. He served as city health officer of
Gilroy and has been president of the Santa Clara
County Medical Society and a member of the State
Medical Society; and he is a member of the American
iledical Association. The recipient of many degrees
bestowed upon hiin by colleges in various states. Dr.
Clark is still the democratic, unpretentious, influen-
tial and ideal American citizen, decidedly one of the
most esteemed residents of Gilroy. For years he
has planned to retire, and to a certain extent he has
relinquished the reins to his son, Dr. John A. Clark;
but the persistent calls for his experience and skill
have made it difficult for him to refuse the claims of
suffering humanity.

In Boston Dr. Clark was married to ]\Iiss Hon-
oria Tiernej', who died in 1902 from the effects of a
runaway accident, leaving two children. In 1909, he
remarried, choosing for his second wife Miss Emih"
Casey, the daughter of Michael Casey.

John A. Clark, the son, is a graduate of the science
course at Santa Clara University, and received his
M. D. degree from the University of California; and
since then he has becoine one of the prominent phy-
sicians of Gilroy; and Miss Marie Clark, is a regis-
tered graduate nurse. Dr. Jonas Clark has prospered
materially since locating in California, and he owns
some very desirable ranch properties in the Santa
Clara Valley, and some equally desirable residence
property at Gilroy. He is a member of Keith Lodge
of Masons of Gilroy, and of the Independent Order
of Foresters, and is a member of Harvard Alumni.
In national political affairs he is a Republican.

WARREN H. POMEROY,— A flourishing com-
mercial establishment of much import to the city of
San Jose is the clothing emporium of Pomeroy Bros.,
the firm consisting of Warren H. and C. C. Pomeroy,
the sons of Marshall Pomeroy, whose life story ap-
pears on another page of this historical work. Main-

42

laming a( all limes one of (he largest stocks to be
l<-'Uiid any\vhere in California, this old-established
house oilers llie latesl products of the most fashion-
able studios and the most celebrated mills.
^Wan-en Pomeroy was horn in San Jose on October

13, 1878, and after finishing with the local grammar
schools he continued his similes at the Santa Clara
'i'«'i school. Then he picked out the best business
college 111 San Jose, tackled its curriculum and
learned all that it could teach him. Pushing out into
the world lor himsell, Mr. Pomeroy joined his brother,
alread\- referred to, and bought out VV. K. Jenkins'
The business long ago established bv him, thev have
continued, and have so enlarged their stock, extended
their territory and expanded their scope that they are
today serving a larger and a finer public than' ever
before. As mi.glit be expected of such an enterprising
man with a broad-minded iniblic-spiritedness Mr
Pomeroy belongs to the Chamber of Commerce, and
IS one of Its actn-e members.

^ On Au.gust 11. 1')II7, Mr. Pomeroy was married at
vSan Jose to Miss Susie Stock of that citv; and to-
gether they have identified themselves pleasantlv with
San Jose social life. Mr. Pomerov belongs to tlie San
Jose parlor of the Native Sons of the Golden West
and he is also a member of the Elks. He endorsf.s
the platforms of the Republican partv, and did his full
share m supporting the various drives during the re-
cent participation by America m the World War.

ALEXANDER MILNE.— Possessed of excellent
judgment and sound common sense, backed by in-
telligence which kept him well informed, the' late
Alexander Milne occupied a position among the farm-
ers of Santa Clara County which was won by ener'^y
and perseverance. Throughout his agricultural and
horticultural activities he displayed ability and capa-
bleness, and his ranch, through his untiring efforts,
was brought to a high state of cultivation and the
many substantial improvements, including the house
and farm buildings, have added much to the value
of the property. He was born May 8, 1844, in Elgin,
Scotland, which was also the birthplace of his father
and mother, John and Helen (Murdock) Milne. His
parents migrated to Canada with their family, set-
tling on a farm near London, Middlesex County,
where they spent the remainder of their lives, both
passing away at the age of seventy-six years. They
were the parents of seven children, and Alexander,
the subject of this sketch, was the only member of
the family who came to California. He was reared
and educated in London, Ontario, and became thor-
oughly conversant with the various branches of agri-
culture. On January 14, 1868, he left home and jour-
neyed to New York City, where he started via Nica-
ragua for California, and after a journey of thirty
days, eight of which were spent in crossing Nica-
ragua, he arrived in San Francisco. Coming directly
to Santa Clara County, he worked for a short time in
the Skuse lime kiln, and then took the contract for
cutting 120 cords of wood, the work requiring three
months. He worked in the woods at Lexington for
a time, and was then employed as a harvest hand for
one season. He then went to the Almaden. and
felled wood in the summer and ranched in the win-
ter, and remained there for two years. He then en-
gaged in business for himself, taking large contracts
for getting out and hauling square and round tim-
bers, logs and wood, and worked at this for twelve

936

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

years. In 1881 he purchased his farm on the Burchell
Road, consisting of 380 acres, about four miles from
Gilroy. All the improvements were of substantial
character. !Most of the land was devoted to the
raising of grain, for which it is well adapted, and a
fine orchard of about fifty acres and a vineyard of
forty acres. Under his labor and management the
ranch became exceptionally productive and his suc-
cess was well deserved.

After being four j'cars in California Mr. Mihie re-
turned to Canada and there his marriage occurred
in Ontario, on September 26, 1872, and united him
with Miss Isabella Forbes, a native of that place,
who accompanied him back to California, and they
were the parents of eight children, all born in this
county: I'ldna E. married James White, now de-
ceased, and lives in Colusa with her son and daugh-
ter, Francis and Evelyn; William A., living on the
home ranch, married Luella Ogan, who died, leaving
one daughter, Evelyn; Isabella, Mary Louise, Jessie
M., all single, at home; John T. has charge of the
home ranch; Annie C, wife of Chris Eund, near
Gilroy; James C. also at home. Mr. Milne passed
away at the family home on Burchell Road on July
29, 1920, and since his demise John T. Milne has
conducted the ranch and fruit business, and has put
out thirty-five acres of grapes. Mr. Milne was a
stanch Democrat and had served the community as
school trustee. He was a member of the A. O. U. W.
and was a faithful member of the Catholic Church.
Mrs. Milne resides on the home place and is active
in all business matters, and is a wide-awake, public-
spirited citizen. Mr. Milne was a charter member of
the California Prunti and Apricot Association, and
Mrs. Milne continues to take an active interest in the
afTairs of that organization.

O'CONNELL BROTHERS, INC.— The firm of
O'Connell Eros., Inc., is composed of Charles T.,
Franklin J., George D., Albert F. and Elmer S.
O'Connell, who are very successful cattlemen, ranch-
ers and business men. In 1901 the sons took over
the holdings of their father, Thomas O'Connell, an
old-established wood and coal business, to which
they in time added a grocery store and butcher shop.
Later on they began raising beef, and for this pur-
pose they leased the old Weber ranch of 12,000 acres,
which they later purchased, also acquiring the Fiacro
Fisher and the Peter Gossibert lands at Coyote,
making their total holdings 15,200 acres in one large
ranch, requiring about forty miles of fence to enclose
it and many miles of cross fencing. The ranch is
well watered and wooded and is traversed by Coyote
Creek, Packwood Creek and Los Animas Creek, be-
sides having a number of large springs. They have
recently completed a large dam on Los Animas
Creek, impounding a large body of water which fur-
nishes irrigation to much of their ranch by a gravity
system, flowin.g through miles of concrete pipe line.
The ranch is studded with live oak, pin oak and syc-
amores, and it also contains valuable deposits of
magnesitc, copper and chrome ore. The O'Connell
Bros, enga.ge in raising hay, grain and stock, and
are widely know for their high-grade shorthorn Dur-
ham cattle. They have built a modern abattoir in
San Jose, where they do the slaughtering of their
own cattle and manufacture the various products
which they retail at their market at Sixth and St.
James streets, also selling to the wholesale trade.

Most of their cattle, however, are shipped to San
Francisco and Los Angeles on the hoof, and they
have also consigned cattle to Alaska.

O'Connell Bros, were incorporated July 9, 1906,
and they are active in the membership of the Mer-
chants' Association and Chamber of Commerce of
San Jose. The brothers are all active in the busi-
ness; Charles Thomas is manager of the company;
Franklin J. manages the ranch; George D. is super-
intendent of the meat department; yVlbert assists in
the management of the ranch, while Elmer S. has
charge of the fuel department. They have recently
purchased the Crowley stockyards at Coyote, which
they use in shipping, giving them an outlet and inlet
by rail from the ranch. They have also leased 17,000
acres of the San Luis ranch at Pacheco Pass as an
addition to their cattle ranch, and are increasing
their cattle holdings accordingly. Energetic young
men of industry and good habits, they all attend
closely to building up the business of their various
departments, co-operating in all their undertakings
and doing business in harmony and accord.

J. D. FARWELL.— A man of sterling worth and
one ^vho may be counted upon at all times to give his
support to matters pertaining to the progress and
development of the county and state is J. D. Farwell,
the efficient vice-president of the Bank of Los Gatos.
Born in San Francisco, M"arch 4, 1872, he is a son of
Captain J. D. and Elizabeth Foy Farwell, both par-
ents being early settlers of California. Captain Far-
well, a native of Vasselboro, Maine, was master in
the Merchant Marine service, sailing into the impor-
tant ports of the world. In 1850 he brought a sailing
vessel around Cape Horn to San Francisco and in
that city he was a ship chandler. In the early days
he had the honor of being the vice-president of the
Vigilance Committee in San Francisco, who had their
own distinctive ways of enforcing the laws of the
communit\-. He became very well known around the
San Francisco Bay. He married Miss Foy of San
Francisco; she was a native of Vermont, and both
died in San Francisco. Next to the youngest of
the four children, J. D. Farwell was educated in
the grammar and high schools of Oakland, and after
graduation became associated with the California
Engineering Company that constructed cable roads
and power plants. For several years he remained
with this company, and in 1894 removed to Los Gatos
and Ijecame interested in the growing of fruit. As
early as 1895 he was one of the organizers and be-
came manager of the Glen LIna Electric Company
that supplied electricity to the residents of Los Gatos.
In 190,5 he was one of the organizers of the Los
Gatos Cras & Electric Company. He was manager
of the company until they sold out to the Pacific Gas
it Electric Company in 1913, since which time he
has been a director of the Bank of Los Gatos and in
1920 he was selected to fill the position of vice-pres-
ident, thus taking an active part in the management
of the affairs of the institution.

The marriage of Mr. Farwell in Los Gatos united
him with Miss Irma Lyndon, born at Los Cratos, the
daughter of that worthy pioneer John W. Lyndon,
whose biography appears elsewhere in this work. Mr.
and Mrs. Farwell's union has been blessed with the
birth of a son, Lyndon Farwell. attending Los Gatos
L'uion high school. Mr. Farwell gives his political

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

939

endorsement to the Republican party. He is a n\cm-
ber of the San Jose County Club and has been pro-
minent in the development of the county's tine roads.
A man of high principles and steadfast purpose, he
is earnest in his support of ever\- cause which he
endorses, forceful and resourceful in all that he un-
dertakes. He has a large circle of warm friends
throughout this part of the stale enjo\ing the high
regard of all with whom social, political or business
relations have brought him in contact.

C. MARIAN BARR, A. M.— Kmincnt among the
distinguished educators who have contributed much
toward extending widely the fame of California in the
educational World, Jiliss C ^larian Barr, Dean of Wo-
men, College of the Pacihc at San Jose, enjoys en\ i-
able position and influence. She was born near Mon-
mouth, III, the daughter and only child of John Barr,
who was born near Glasgow, Scotland, and came to
.\merica when he was eighteen years old. He located
ui Alissouri and later removed to Illinois, where he
attended the University of Chicago, from wdiich he
was graduated in excellent standing in 1878; after
which he became a minister of the Baptist Church
for the preaching of the Gospel. In 1880 he married
Miss Addie Dutzschky; and seven years later they
removed to California. They settled at Pomona, and
in 1900 the Rev. Mr. Barr retired from active work.

Miss Marian Barr, after completing Pomona high
school, selected the University of California at Berk-
eley, to which city her parents also removed, and
where, in February, 1913, Mr. Barr died, survived by
this daughter and his widow, who still resides at
Berkeley. In 1904, Miss Barr was graduated from
the university with the degree of A. B.; and two
years later she was given by the same institution the
degree of A. M. In 1907 she became an instructor
in Latin and German at California College, Oakland,
and in 1910, having ably discharged her first respon-
sibility, she joined the staff of the College of the
Pacific as Dean of Women, and is also instructor in
vocational education.

As Dean of Women, having very much the inter-
ests of both the students and the institution at heart.
Miss Barr has become exceptionally busy, and she
has proven the right person for the direction of the
new course in vocational education, which deals with
the vocational opportunities of women and was in-
stituted at the College of the Pacific in 1917. She
resides at Helen Guth Hall, and has her offices in
the same hall on the beautiful campus of the college,
where she has for years been a leading and familiar
figure, enviably popular with the young women, on
the average of superior capacit}', attracted to this
growing institution. Miss Barr is a member of the
American Association of University Women, formerly
the Association of Collegiate Alumni, and in various
ways is able to make her influence for educational
and moral uplift widely felt.

EDWARD FERRY EASTMAN.— The life which
the narrative chronicles began in Eastmanville, Mich.,
on January IS, 1863, in the home of Galen and Mary
Lucina (Ferry) Eastman, who were representatives
of Colonial families of New England. Galen East-
man was born July 8, 1829, at Canaan, Maine, and
was engaged in the lumber business, owning his craft
and barges on the rivers and lakes, and his own
mills. What education he had acquired was by his
own efforts, but whatever he undertook he succeeded

in doing well. During the year of 1836 his parents
had removed to Michigan. Mrs. Mary Lucina East-
man was a sister of the Hon. Thomas W. Ferry, who
was a member of House and U. S. Senate from Mich-
igan for twenty-six years, and upon the death of
Henry Wilson, became acting vice-president of the
United States. In 1879 Galen Eastman took a trip
into the frontier of New Mexico and became the gov-
ernment agent for the Navajo Indians at Fort De-
fiance, N. M. For several years he was also a suc-
cessful hardware merchant in San Francisco. He
passed away on January 18, 1899, aged sixty-nine,
and his widow passed away in 1903 in San Francisco,
when sixty-six years old.

Edward F. Eastman \vas educated in the schools
of Grand Haven, Mich., and during the year of 1876
left school to take a trip on tlie Great Lakes. Touch-
ing at Chicago, he traveled on and on until in Feb-
ruary of the following year he was in Louisiana,
where he soon found employinent in towing and
freighting on Grand Lake, transporting thousands of
feet of lumber and thousands of tons of merchandise
to points on Bayou Teche. Another experience was
while living on the Indian reservation; he became
much enamored of the wild life of the Indians, and
in 1881 was called upon to act as guide for a party
of tourists going to the Canyon de Chelley in Ari-
zona. Leaving Albuquerque, N. M., well equipped
with packs and horses, he headed so as to cross the
head of the canyon and made the trip without any
serious accident. Four years later he was in the
Wasatch Mountains in Utah and working in the
silver mines. Various enterprises engaged his atten-
tion from smelterman to engineer, and the experi-
ence gained throughout all the years was never amiss.
However, in 1885 he gave up his mining operations
and left for San Francisco.

On November 3, 1887, Mr. Eastman was married
to Miss Nellie Florence Sleeper, born in Columbia,
Tuolumne County, Cal., the daughter of the sturdy
pioneer, William Osgood Sleeper, who was born in
1816, a native of St. Albans, Maine, and who crossed
the Isthmus in 1851, arriving in San Francisco early
in 1852. He was engaged in the buying and ship-
ping of gold dust, and also tried his luck at mining.
He married Miss Almira Foss, and in 1868 they re-
moved to San Francisco. Air. Sleeper died in Santa
Rosa in 1901, and Mrs. Sleeper passed away in Santa
Clara County in 1908.

In 1887 Mr. Eastman removed with his family to
Santa Rosa, and there purchased a ranch and was
engaged for the next two years in farming, but still
believing that he could find a fortune in the mines,
he disposed of his ranch and went to Utah, where
he remained until November, 1891, when he located
in the Santa Clara Valley, and since that time has
been a resident of that county most of the time. For
eleven years he was in the hardware and the marble
business in San Francisco, and continued until the
time of the great fire and earthquake in 1906. The
reverses which he and his brother suffered at that
time never caused our subject to give up the fight,
but by hard work and good judgment he has suc-
ceeded in establishing himself on a substantial basis.
For many years he owned and operated the extensive
ranch property, consisting of 652 acres, known as
Mountain Dell, in the Uvas in Santa Clara County.
Mr. and Mrs. Eastman are the parents of two
children; George W. is married and is a practicing

940

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

chiropractor and resides in New York City; Alice L.
is the wife of I'ercy Dunlap and they reside in Se-
bastopol. Mr. Eastman is a stockholder in the Farm-
ers' Union store at Morgan Hill. In 1919 the Moun-
tain Dell ranch was sold to Harold McD. Smith,
and 'Mr. Eastman erected a modern and comfortable
residence on a nine-and-a-half-acre ranch on the
Uvas Road eight miles from Morgan Hill, called
"Creek Side." J'olitically he is a stanch Republican,
and fraternally he is a Mason, holding membership
in Mission Eodgc No. 169, F. & A. M.; a charter
member of Mission Chapter No. 79, R. A. M.; a
member of California Commandery No. 1, K. T., and
Islam Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of San Francisco.
Both Mr. and Mrs. Eastman are members of Mag-
nolia Chapter, O. E. S., Gilroy. Mr. Eastman has
practically lived retired since 1908, but is ever inter-
ested in the welfare and future of his locality.

RICHARD ATKINSON.— An esteemed and wor-
thy pioneer of Santa Clara County was Richard
Atkinson, a native of England, born in Chester
County on Ma}' 10. 1837. He came to America while
still a very young man and was engaged in farming
on the Tarpy Rancho on the coast below Monterey,
and in the early '60s removed to the New Almaden
Mines, where he was employed as engineer for many
years, and his untimely death was caused by injury
received there. He passed awaj' at the Atkinson
home on Croy Road, Uvas Canyon, October 4, 1875.

In 1862 Mr. Atkinson had married Miss Sarah
Gallagher, a native of County Sligo, Ireland, born
August 19, 1839, who passed away November 16,
1918, at the family home. After Mr. Atkinson's
death the burden of proving up on the land fell on
the mother, but she was equal to the task, and on
-April 9. 1881, the family came into clear and full
possession of the 160 acres on the Croy Road. Mrs.
Atkinson also had the responsibility of rearing and
education of three children: Sarah died in childhood;
Mary is now owner of the ranch; Josephine is the
wife of Philip Daly, and they are the parents of five
children and reside at Mendota; Richard J. is de-
ceased. The children were educated in the Uvas dis-
trict school, of which Mrs. Atkinson was the founder,
having given a portion of her ranch for the establish-
ment of the school in 1875. and she furnished part of
the lumber, while J. A\'. Week and Peter Bosset
built the building.

EMORY C. SINGLETARY.— A representative
pioneer settler of California, and a prominent and
highly esteemed resident of ,San Jose, the late Emory
C. Sin.gletary occupied an honorable position among
the venerable and well-to-do a.griculturists of Santa
Clara County. A descendant of one of the early
colonial families of New England, he was born May
16, 1824, m Holden, Mass. (Jn both sides of the
house he was closely coimected with families of dis-
tinction, among others being the Coulds, the Dwin-
nells, the Pierces and the Greeleys. He came of
patriotic stock, one of his earliest American ances-
tors, a brave soldier, having Ijeen killed by the
Pequod Indians, and another ancestor, his Great-
great-grandfather ,Singlctary, having served as an
officer in the Revolutionary War. His grandfather,
Amo.s Singletary, was born and reared in Alassachu-
setts, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits
during his active life. He married a Miss Johnson,
of English descent, and of the children born of their

union Emory was the father of Emory C. Singletary,
the subject of this review. His father grew to man-
hood on the ancestral home place in Massachusetts
and obtained a fair education in the district schools
of his home town. Removing to Wisconsin in 1838,
he located in Walworth County, wdiere he acquired
large possessions, and was for many years an ex-
tensive and prosperous farmer. He died in Elkhorn,
near the homestead which he had there improved, at
the age of ninety-three years. He married Lois
I'ierce, a native of Massachusetts, a daughter of Aus-
tin Pierce, a first cousin of President Franklin
Pierce, and she passed awaj' in Massachusetts. There
were three children born of their union, all deceased.

Reared and educated in Massachusetts, Emory C.
.Singletary started for the far west in 1840, being
then a youth of sixteen years. After some time
spent in tile vicinity of the Great Lakes, he located
in \\aKvorth County, Wis., and there engaged in
farming and stock raising, and became an extensive
dealer m cattle. He became well acquainted with
many of the prominent men of the states through
which he journeyed, and was acquainted with Abra-
ham Lincoln. In 1853, accompianying a party in
which there were nineteen men, Mr. Singletary
cros.^ed the plains to California. Leaving his Wis-
consin home in February, he outfitted in Middletown,
Logan County, HI., and May 16, 1853, left Council
Bluffs, having with him his family and driving 200
head of cattle. Leaving Salt Lake City on the left,
the party came down the Humboldt Valley, and had
several skirmishes with the Indians on the way, but
arrived at Beckwith Pass, Colusa County, Cal, in
October, in good condition, having nearly every head
of stock. Purchasing land near Colusa, he em-
barked in farming and stockraising, and for several
years was the largest and best-known cattle dealer
in the state. Later he became a horse breeder of
note, and shipped many horses to the eastern mar-
kets. He also became one of the largest landholders
of the state, at one time holding title to over 35,000
acres. In 1873, he sold 9,700 acres of land and re-
moved to the Santa Clara Valley, hoping to regain
his health, which had become impaired, and there
he resided until his death. He formerly owned about
20,000 acres of land in Kern County, which he later
sold, and also owned the Calden ranch of 2,200 acres.
In 1874 he was one of the organizers and the first
vice-president of the First National Bank of San
Jose, and was a stockholder at the time of his death;
he was also a stockholder in the Bank of Visaha,
Cal. For a number of years he carried on a large
business as a money lender, being one of the best-
known brokers of this locality. In 1884 he built his
fine residence on Stockton Avenue, surrounded by
all the comforts and luxuries of that day.

Mr. Singletary was twice married. In Walworth,
Wis., he married Caroline A. Wilson, a native of
Ohio, a daughter of Alexander Wilson, a pioneer
farmer of Wisconsin. She passed away while resid-
ing in Colusa County, Cal. On January 11, 1877,
Mr. Singletary married Miss Florence Grigsby, who
was born near Potosi, Grant County, Wis., a daugh-
ter of William E. Grigsby. Educated in the pubhc
schools of Wisconsin and in the State Normal School
at Platteville, Wis., she taught school in her native
state and in Iowa for a number of terms. Coming
to the Pacific Coast in 1870, she was a teacher in

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.AkA CoUNTY

943

the Bishop Scott School, in rorlhiiul, (In-., for a
vcar. Ill 1871 she laiiL;ht in Santa Chira Connl\,
and suhscqncntlx' entered the San Jose Xnrnial
School, Irom whicli she was ^raihiateil in IS74, anil
in whicli she was afterw ainls a teacher nntil hei" mar-
riage. She was the mother of twn chililreu, l''.niiir\-
Grigsby and George Cnrtis, twins, the former de-
ceased and the latter a rcsulent of San Jose. Air.
Singlotary was a memher ol I'riendship Lodge \o.
210, F. & A. AI. For a nuniher of years he \\'as cite
of the directors of the State Agricnltnral Sociel>',
and was a life memher ami one of tlie first organ-
izers of the AIarys\ille. Cal., fair. Airs. Siugletary
is a ineniher of the Isabella Chapter, D. A. R., and
is a memher of the F'piscopal Chnrch of San Jose.

PAUL H. CORDES.— Another citizen of the kind
which Americans ha\e alwa\'s appreciated, and of a
type which German_\-. especially in earlier year.-,, fre-
quentlN' gave to lioth America and California, ^vas the
late Paul FI. Cordcs, who was born at Flanover,
Germany, August 18, IS40, and came to America in
the spring of 1855, when he crossed the Atlantic as
a steward, thus earning more than his way. He
married Miss ^lary E. Bickncll, July .i, 1859, who
died at the home place near Gilroy on June 3, 1892,
survived bv a son and two daughters: Paul Henr\',
died 1907; Mrs. T. F. White, and Mrs. George D.
Mounin. May 16, 1897, Air. Cordes married !Mrs. Izora
A'iers, who died February 29, 1915. For many years
before he acquired land. Air. Cordes worked as a
gardener, at Oakland, growdng vegetables extensiveh-
in the '6O3 upon land, at the corner of Fourtecntli
Street and Broadw-a>-. where now stands the metrop-
olis. When he sold out. it was to engage in more
extensive grain farming in the San Joaquin A'alley.

Air. Cordes made it a principle and a practice to
treat his employees as he would like to have been
treated when he first started out at the liottom of
the ladder; with the result that he was always able
to command loyal service. B>" industry, foresight
and strictest integrity, he acquired, one by one, sev-
eral ranches, totaling over 438 acres — bare tields,
when he took hold of them, and requiring much
pioneer work before they could be made to bear
fruit. He gradually developed these lands, and in
1875 the family located at "The Nest" near Gilroy,
in Santa Clara A'alley. Air. Cordes was widel\- es-
teemed, for he was half a century ahead of his .gen-
eration. He was among the very first to see the
future of the fruit industry, and had many vines and
trees set out before other folks thought of doing the
same. He had learned the secret of real success as
a boy, and he lived to be sevent}'-eight years old and
to enjoy the fruits of his hard and honest labor, pass-
ing awav on June 6, 1917.

THOMAS F. WHITE.— Interesting aiuong the
efficient executive whose proficiency is undoubtedly
due to a sensible reference frequently to the exper-
ience of the past, is Thomas F. White, wdio resides
upon the P. H. Cordes place, on the Watsonville
Road, about seven miles northwest of Gilroy. He
was born at San Jose, on St. A'alentine's Day, 1867.
the son of Thomas and Mary A. (Ford) White,
whose life-story is .given elsewdiere in this volume;
and was reared and schooled mostly at Gilroy. Fle
grew up as a farmer's boy. and worked for his mother
until he was twenty-three years of age; and then
he struck out for himself into the world.

On June 24, 18'I0, Air. White m.arried at Gilro.x'.
Aliss .\nii;i I,. Cnrdes, the eldest daughter of the late
''■ml lb Cnrdes, a sliird)' pioneer of C.ililornia and
the S;iiil;i Cl.ira \alle\; :ind this union \\ as blessed
"ilh the birlh of three d.inghtrrs, Miss Marie L.
Wddte, Aliss Faur.a I'., and .\liss Cdadis White, who
were educated in (Oakland ami S.aii l''r;iiiciM'o. For
se\-eral \-e;irs Air. and Airs. White resided at San
Jose; and from 1,X')7 lo l'M12, Air. White served as a
dei)ut\- sheritf. In 1903 he removed to Oakland,
where he entered tile emido>- of the 'I'raflic Depart-
ment of the (Jakland Rapid 'i'ransit ConiiKiny; and
since then he has owned a fine residence iii that city.
He retired from railroad service, ho\\e\-er. at the
time of the death of his father-in-law, Jime 6, 1916;
when he took acti\'e management of the Cordes es-
tate. He is a Republican, and memlier of the Wood-
men of the World; is a hard, iiitelligeiit worker, and
a migiit\- good citizen.

ROLLA BUTCHER. SR.— A distinguished and
indueiilial jiioncer whose interesting life storv. setting
forth a career of great usefulness, inspired bv liigh
ideals and practical aims, will e\'er be a part of the
history of the Golden AA'est, was the late Rolla
Butcher, who, for many j-ears identified with notable
mining interests, became known and honored among
financiers for the shrewd judgment characterizing all
his business affairs. He was born in AVood County,
A'a.. in 1825, and his early days were spent upon his
father's farm. He studied hard to acquire an educa-
tion and in his \-oung manhood was a teacher in the
schools of his section; later he was extensively en-
gaged in the lumber business on the Kanawha River,
but the heavy floods of 1856-57 entailed such losses
as to compel him to retire from this pursuit.

Going from his native state to Missouri, Mr,
Butcher took up teaching, taking particular interest
m teaching geolo.gy and metallurgy, and later took
up metallurgy as a profession, becoming an eminent
exponent of that science, and in time was honored b>-
the naming after him the city of Rolla, AIo., the seat
of the School of AHnes and Aletallurgy, of the I'ni-
versity of Alissouri. He then resolved to make min-
ing his life work and in 1857 joined Albert Sidney
Johnston's expedition to Salt Lake; his primary pur-
pose was to put his knowdedge of mining into prac-
tice in the .great niinin,g country of the Far AVest.
and secondarily to get the protection of the military
forces during those perilous days of Indian and Alor-
moii uprisin.g.

At Salt Lake City he became interested in mining,
going from there to Idaho, and thence to Alon-
tana, wdiere he became acquainted with such men as
the Walker brothers, Senator William A. Clark, Alar-
cus Dal\-, Senator George R. Hearst, and oth.er
pioneer mining men. Going to Butte Count)-. Cab,
he was married there and remained feir a time, then
returned to Idaho, and from there ^\■ent to Butte.
Alont., ^vhere he developed some noted mines, among
them the famous Alice Aline, which was afterward
sold to Walker Brothers of Salt Lake City; this was
later listed in the Kastern stock m.arket for $10,000,-
000. Air. Butcher also owned and operated the Star
West Aline.

AA'hile in Butte County. Cab. Air. Butcher met and
married Aliss F'mma Ann Smith, wdio was born in

944

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Essex County, England, on April 24, 1834, the
daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Cheke) Smith,
both descendants of distinguished English families.
Her father, Samuel Smith, an Essex County farmer,
was born on October 13, 1809, while her mother,
Elizabeth Cheke, was born at Essex, England, on
June S, 1811, a descendant of Sir John Cheke, the
famous English statesman and scholar, whose life
span stretched from 1514 to 1557, and whose life
story may be found in English histories and also in
the Encyclopedia Brittanica. He was a professor of
Greek and actively identified with the introduction
of classical study at both Oxford and Cambridge.
He became the tutor of Edward, the son of King
Henry VHI, and when the former came to the
throne he was also his counsellor. Samuel Smith
came to the United States with his family in 1862,
and after a short stay at Council Bluffs, he crossed
the plains with his family, traveling by ox team;
while en route his death occurred near Silver Creek,
on the banks of which he was buried. ]\Irs. Smith
continued to reside in Utah, reaching tire age of
ninety-three, and was the mother of four children,
of whom Mrs. Butcher was the second. She received
a common school training in her native country and
was the first of her family to come to America, ac-
companjring friends with whom she had lived in Lon-
don. After a trip of six months, across the ocean
and then across the plains to Salt Lake City, they ar-
rived in Butte County, Cal., in 1857, and there she
was married to Mr. Butcher. Three children were
born to Mr. and Mrs. Butcher: Rolla, is represented
elsewhere in this volume; Josephine married A.
C. Hollenbeck and passed away in 1900, leaving a
daughter, Elizabeth; Arthur C, is an orchardist, re-
siding on a portion of the original Butcher ranch at
Butcher's Corners, Santa Clara County.

In 1881 Rolla Butcher sold out his mining interests
on account of failing health and came to Santa Clara
County, Cal, Avhere he bought 160 acres and started
in to improve this land, which was located between
Santa Clara and Sunnyvale. He was left but a short
time in the enjoyment of his home, however, as he
passed away February 13, 1882. His widow still
makes her home on part of the ranch, in the enjoy-
ment of all her faculties at the age of eiglity-cight.
She can look back on a well-spent Tife, as through her
wise management and the industry of her sons the
ranch property was brought to a high state of im-
provement and brought m an excellent income, al-
though her husband's long illness had left his finan-
cial aff:airs considerably involved at the time of his
death. During his lifetime Rolla Butcher was a con-
sistent Democrat and influential in his party's coun-
cils. Patriotic and public spirited, he was particularly
interested in education for the masses and served as
an active member of the board of education of Butte,
Mont., and as its presiding officer for several terms.
He was also county commissioner of Silver Bow
County, Mont., and had to he so chosen, any office of
trust in the gift of the people would have been at his
command, so highly was he respected.

ROLLA BUTCHER.— A prosperous rancher who
may well be proud of both the enviable traditions of
his cultured, historic family and also his own relation
as a native son of the Golden State, is Rolla Butcher,
who first saw the light in Butte County, and now
resides on the State Highway, between Santa Clara
and Sunnyvale. He was born May 26, 1864, the son
of Rolla Butcher, a native of Virginia, who had mar-
ried Miss Emma A. Smith, who was born in England.
The father was reared to manhood in his native state
and then went out to Missouri, where he followed
teaching and became a noted metallurgist. In 1857
he came out to Utah with Albert Sidney Johnston's
expedition, later in Idaho and Montana continuing
the distinguished career elsewdiere narrated in this
historical work. He passed away in 1882, leaving a
fine record for valuable contributions to human prog-
ress, particularly as a mining man, and one greatly
interested in educational matters. Mrs. Butcher is
still living at the age of eighty-eight and resides on
the ranch adjoining the home place of her son.

Rolla Butcher attended the public schools of his
locality and later went to Ames, la., where he pur-
sued the civil engineer's course at the Iowa State
College, graduating with the class of '83. Prior to
that he had been in Butte, Mont., had carried the
first copy of the first paper printed there, and as
printer's devil on the Butte Tri-Weekly Miner had
set up the first report received of the Custer mas-
sacre, late in June, 1876. Later he learned the black-
smith trade, and on coming to California, whither
the Butcher family had removed, he became a regis-
tered pharmacist.

In San Luis Obispo County, on November 20, 1895,
Mr. Butcher was married to Miss Minnie Matthews,
a native of Petaluma, and the daughter of Elias M.
Matthews, who was born near Dayton, O. In 1852
he crossed the plains of California, arriving at Los
Angeles about Christmas time. He brought his wife
and two children with him from South Bend, Ind,,
where he had lived and worked as an architect and
builder, and wdiere he had taken for his life com-
panion Miss Juliette Phelps. The family removed
from Los Angeles to Petaluma and Mr. Matthews
passed away at San Luis Obispo at the age of eighty-
nine, while Mrs. Matthews died when she was eighty-
one. They were the parents of four children, Mrs.
Butcher being the fourth.

For many years Mr. Butcher was a fruit buyer for
a wholesale house in San Francisco and through that
experience he has become thoroughly familiar with
the fruit business and well accjuainted with the fruit
men of California. He is now a successful horti-
culturist, and one of his orchards is planted entirely
to cherries and intcrplanted to peaches, and is highly
cultivated. In all these enterprises Mr. Butcher has
been ably assisted by the good counsel and en-
couragement of his wife, a truly noble woman, and
they are both highly esteemed as among the most
substantial citizens of Santa Clara County. The
family reside on their ranch, admirably situated on
the State Highway near Butcher's Corners, between
Santa Clara and Sunnyvale. Two sons have been
born to them, Rolla Matthews and Craig Cheke, both
in their names honoring their worthy ancestors. The
former served in the Marine Corps during the war
and the latter is helping manage the home place.

0^^^\^^^^^ Uf.J-QL^^Cto^Jiji

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

947

SUSANNA W. FOURCADE— A prominent and
successful rancher cif Paradise Valley, Santa Clara
County, Cal., is Susanna W. Fourcade, whose skill as
a manager of her property has effected her entrance
into a field in which men only are thought to excel.
Most of licr life has been spent in the Santa Clara
\ alley, her parents coming- to California in 1869, when
she was four years of age. Mrs. Fourcade was born
in Sunderland, County of Durham, England, on May
4, 1865, and is a daughter of the late John Douglas,
v,'ho had married Miss Susanna Stovert, and they
were both natives of England. Her grandfather,
John Stovert. was a shipbuilder and became very
wealthy and he died in England. John Douglas and
his father, Alartin Douglas, were rope manufacturers
i,! England, but after coming to California John
Douglas speculated in mining stocks. He died at the
age of seventy-seven and the mother, at seventy.

!Mrs. Fourcade was reared in Santa Clara County.
Her tirst marriage in San Jose, in 1882, united her
with Manuel Gallarda, a native of New Mexico, and
they had five children; P. H. is in the real estate and
nursery business at Chowehilla, Cal., John W. is a
vineyardist and orchardist there and is the father of
four children; Alexander is married and has four sons
and is a dairyman in the Chowehilla district; Rose
Ethel is the wife of Peter PcUer and they reside in
Santa Clara County; Alice married John Pasch and
is deceased, and her son, Robert I' ., has been reared
by Mrs. Fourcade. In 1896 Mrs. Fourcade moved
into Paradise Valley and managed and worked a
ranch while the children were growing up. They cut
300 cords of wood from the timber on this ranch.
In 1907 she purchased fifteen acres of fine valley land
one-half mile from her other home and set out a vine-
yard and it is now full bearing; seventy-nine tons
of grapes from tw-elve acres, a record yield, were
sold from this ranch in 1920.

In San Jose on December 22, 1920, occurred the
marriage that united her with Mitchel Fourcade, a
native of California, born near San Luis Obispo
on ilay 29, 1866. He spent fourteen years of his
life in San Luis Obispo County, then came to Para-
dise Valley where he has continually resided to the
present time. He has always been a hard worker
and the success that has come to him has been
through honest toil. Mrs. Fourcade is a member of
the California Prune and Apricot Association and
also of the California Grape Growers Exchange. She
is the possessor of ample means, representing years
of constant toil and the exercise of good judgment
in the conduct of various enterprises with which she
has been associated and she is an esteemed and
worthy citizen of her locality.

ANDREW P. DALHGREN.— A sturdy pioneer of
Santa Clara County, held in high esteem by all who
knew him, was the late Andrew P. Dalhgren, who
was born in Oland, Sweden, May 24, 1847, and came
to America at the age of thirty years, locating in
Santa Clara County at the Almaden mines, where he
was employed as blacksmith. He soon became the
active foreman of the furnaces and filled this im-
portant position for thirty years. Throughout all the
years he was faithful and thorough in his work and
was a valuable employee.

The marriage of Mr. Dalhgren, in Sweden, united
him with Miss Johanna Christina Larson, who was
born in Oland, Sweden, November 22, 1845. Thev

became the parents of five children: Emma C, is a
teacher in the I'vas district school; John O., is em-
ployed .at the U. S. Navy yards at Mare Island and
is the iiroud possessor of the Congressional Medal
of Honor bestowed ujion him for meritorious service
with the Marines at the time of the Boxer War in
China; he is also a veteran of the Slianish-American
War; he is married and has three children and the
family reside in \'allejo. Henry A. is an ex-service
man who served overseas in the 11. S. Army with the
"Grizzlies" for thirteen months; he is a rancher and
carpenter and resides on the home place; Almar J.,
is a rancher and resides at home; Fred H., is also
on the home ranch. During the year of 1891 Mr.
Dalhgren purchased a tract of 160 acres on the Little
I'vas and added to it from time to time until the
ranch now consists of 560 acres. In 1909 his sons
planted eighteen acres to vineyard, which has been
}-ielding good profits ever since; twenty acres arc in
hay and grain and the balance is used for stock and
jiasture. Every variety of climate and scenery can
be obtained on this ranch and many people enjoy the
camping privileges of this beautiful section. Mr.
Dalhgren passed away at his home place on May 23,
1913, at the age of sixty-four years. In his political
affiliations he was a Republican, and he was a mem-
ber of the Odd Fellows.

JOHN HAROLD STANFIELD.— A native son
of California, representing the third generation of
the family in Santa Clara County, John Harold
Stanfield occupies an enviable position in business
circles of Los Gatos and is now capably filling the
position of superintendent of plant No. 13 of the
California Prune and Apricot Growers' Association.
He was born in Los Gatos, September 9, 1893, and
is a son of James J. and Sue M. (Place) Stanfield,
honored pioneers of Santa Clara County. The father
has won a position of proininence as an orchardist
and financier and is one of the best known and most
highly respected residents of this district. Their
family numbered two children, of whom the daugh-
ter, Helen, is deceased. The son, J. H. Stanfield,
was graduated from the Los Gatos high school and
afterward spent three years as a student at Santa
Clara College, pursuing a course in mining engi-
neering. Subsequently he went to Alaska, following
his profession in that country for three years, and
then returned to California. For a time he had
charge of the management of his father's ranch and
then became inspector for the California Prune and
Apricot Growers' Association. Flis excellent work
in that connection led to his promotion to the posi-
tion of superintendent of plant No. 13 at Los Gatos
in 1919, and under his capable management the ac-
tivities of the organization at this point have been
attended with a gratifying measure of success.

Mr. Stanfield was united in marriage to Miss Sara
Shiels, of San Francisco, and they now have two
daughters, Susan Belle and Sara Margaret. His
public spirit finds expression in his membership in
the Chamber of Commerce and he is a member of
Los Gatos Lodge No. 292, F. it A. M. An energetic,
alert and progressive young business man, he has
already advanced to a substantial point on the high-
road to success, and he worthily bears a name that
for almost seven decades has been synonymous with
business integrity and enterprise in this locality.

948

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

JAMES GOULD.— The life record of James
Gould constituted a fine example of manliness and
industry and his demise deprived Santa Clara County
of one of its most valued and highly respected resi-
dents. He was a native of the state of New York
and was born at Newburgh on the Hudson, in 1836,
his parents being John and Mary (Lombard) Gould.
He attended the grammar schools of his native city
and then served an apprenticeship to the carpenter's
trade, which he followed in connection with farm-
ing. From 1873 until 1876 he resided in Worthing-
ton, Minn., going from there to Forest Grove, Ore.,
where he spent four and one half years. His next re-
moval took him to Spokane, Wash. When they
settled in Spokane there were only 230 white people
in the town, but plenty of Indians, great beggars,
always asking for muck-a-muck (meaning bread and
meat). Mr. Gould was engaged in carpentering and
farmin.g. He could have taken Government land in
what is now Spokane, but it did not appeal to him
because it did not lay so well for farming. He re-
mained there until 1897, and then came to California,
purchasing a ten-acre tract on the Shannon Road,
in Santa Clara County. To the cultivation and im-
provement of this place he devoted his attention until
his demise, transforming it into a highly productive
prune orchard. It was an almond orchard wdien he
bought it, but he grafted it to prunes, and they are
now large healthy trees that produce a richer and
better fruit than on the native prune. His orchard
is noted for its excellent fruit, and he took particular
pleasure in caring for it. He was an honored vet-
eran of the Civil War, in which he served for three
years as a member of Company F, One Hundred
Forty-fourth New York Volunteers, valiantly de-
fending the LInion cause, and was twice wounded in
battle. Mr. Gould was the fourth in a family of eight
boys and one girl. Seven of the boys fought in the
Civil War, a splendid record for one family. A
brothor, Charles Gould died in service; another,
Wesky Gould, was six months in Salisbury prison,
and tin; onlv one of the family living.

Mr. Gould was married in Hancock, N. Y., on
March 4, 1860, to Miss Mary Elizabeth Hughes, who
\\as born at Summit, N. Y., the daughter of Harvey
and Elizabeth (Docks) Hughes, born in Albany and
Otsego Counties, N. Y., respectively. Her father
^v•as a farmer and in time removed to Delaware
County, N. Y., where he resided until his death, his
wife having preceded him several years. This worthy
couple had seven children, Mary Elizabeth being
the third oldest in order of birth. Two of her
brothers, Albert and Warren Hughes, served in New
York regiments in the Civil War. Albert was
wounded at Gettysbur.g and also at Atlanta. Both
have now passed awa>'. The marriage of Mr. and
Mrs. Gould was blessed with five children, three
of whom grew up. Martha Elizabeth, called Libbie,
is )i[rs. Alfred R. Stratton of Spokane. Wash ; r)rrin
J., a newspaperman, passed away in Spokane in
December, 1906. Fred H. was in the U. S. Army for
nine years; he served throu.gh the Spanish-y\merican
War, both in Cuba and the Philippines, and later
was in the Boxer rebellion, and in recognition of
distinguished service performed while stationed in
the Philippines, was awarded a medal. He is now
superintendent of mails in the W^atertown, N. V.,
postoffice. When Congress declared war on Ger-

many, his patriotism was stirred and he volunteered
his service, entering an officers' training camp, but
his years of service in the Philippines had told too
much on him, so he could not stand the strain.
Since her husband's death, Mrs. Gould has sold the
home farm, although she has permission to occupy
the house as long as she desires, and during the
winter seasons she resides with her daughter in
Spokane. She is a member of the Rebekahs and of
W. R. C, being past president of E. O. C. Ord,
W. R. C, No. 51, Los Gatos, and nearly every year
takes pleasure in attending the department conven-
tion of California and Nevada. She is a member of
the First Methodist Episcopal Church at Los Gatos,
in whose benevolences she takes an active part. Mr,
Gould was a member of the Grand Army of the
Republic and his political allegiance was given to
the Republican party. He left behind him a memory
that is cherished by all with whom he was associated,
for he was progressive in business, loyal and public-
spirited in citizenship and true to the ties of home.

FELIX SOURISSEAU.— A pioneer of California,
Felix Sourisseau arrived in the state in 1846 and was
a witness of its development, and San Jose owes much
to his progressive spirit. He was a native of France,
born in Bordeaux, February 16, 1827, a son of Vic-
tor and Marie Sourisseau. The father was a civil
engineer and the possessor of considerable inventive
genius — a trait inherited by his son Felix. Victor
Sourisseau became a prominent contractor and
builder, building up a large fortune in that connec-
tion, all of which was swept away in the revolution
of 1845. Believing that the opportunities offered in
a newer and richer country would enable him to
recoup his losses and reimburse his creditors, he
sailed for America, accompanied by his son Felix,
leaving the remainder of the family in France. In
1846 they reached San Francisco, Cal, and soon
afterward entered the mercantile circles of the city as
gunsmith, opening a store on Market Street. Scarcely
a month later, however, they embarked on an expe-
flition for Chile, a member of the family of the late
Leopold Lion being one of the party. Fortune fa-
vored them in that country and in 1849 they returned
with the original company to San Francisco to find
that gold had been discovered on the American River.
Mr. Sourisseau and his son at once went to that
locality, opening the first gun and locksmith shop in
Marysville. For a short time the father engaged in
prospecting, but as the returns from his store were
more certain, he decided to devote his energies ex-
clusively to his mercantile interests, and their busi-
ness grew by leaps and bounds. Among the treas-
ured heirlooms of the family today are a number
of gold slugs which were used as money in trading
with the miners in the days of '49. Some months
later they disposed of their store in Marysville and
came to the Santa Clara Valley, traveling with a
mule and wagon. The vehicle was handmade, the
wheels having been constructed from the trunk of a
tree of large circumference and attached to a wooden
.axle. Ere they reached their destination the mule
was stolen by bandits and they were obliged to draw
the cart into San Jose, pitching their camp on North
Market street, adjoining the city hall. The following
year they purchased the property, on which they
built a shack, securing their lumber from Coyote
Creek. Thev soon became identified with the busi-

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUN'J'Y

953

ness lite of the place, opening a gun and locksmitli
store. With the growth of tlie district their trade
increased in proportion, and with his earnings Mr.
Sourisscau, Sr.. made investments in other enter-
prises, his interests becoming important and exten-
sive. Having accumulated suflicient money, he re-
turned to France to pay his debts and also to bring
his wife and two daughters to this country. He was
not long permitted to enjo\' the fruits of his labors,
passing away in 1859, soon after his return. He
was a man of strict integrity, whose life had ever
been guided by high and honorable principles.

His son Felix did not inherit riclies, but became
the possessor of large property interests which were
heavily incumbered with mortgages. The property
included Hotel La Fayette, which was operated in
1859, a large store and real estate on South First
street, all of which had been partly paid for. In
clearing the estate of all indebtedness Mr. Souris-
seau faced heavy responsibilities, which he met with
poise and assurance, proving himself the possessor
of marked executive ability and administrative pow-
ers. He soon became a dominant figure in the
business life of the community, and Hotel La Fa3'ette
was a well-patronized and popular stopping place.
During those days he was a member of the first
band organized in San Jose and was its bandmaster.

In 1863 Mr. Sourisseau was united in marriage to
Miss Mary Hayden, a girl of striking beauty, who was
born in Ireland and came to America during her
girlhood. The wedding ceremony was performed in
the residence of John Auzerais and the festivities were
continued for several days. In 1861 Mrs. Sourisseau
engaged in making garments for the Union soldiers
in association with Mrs. Mary Bradley, their work
being done in a building on South First Street. Mr.
and Mrs. Sourisseau became the parents of seven
children. ^larie Louise, who acquired her education
at Notre Dame, passed away at San Jose, July 16,
1919; Alice became the wife of Henry Pasquale, b3f
whom she had a daughter, and her demise occurred
in February, 1892; Louis, who was born and reared
at San Jose, assisted his father in the gem store and
passed away May 11, 1916; Thomas Felix became
an expert jeweler and for about twenty years engaged
in the manufacture of jewelry at 89 South First
Street, San Jose. Later he opened a retail store at
143 South First Street, where he continued manu-
facturing and diamond selling in which he was an
expert and had a large retail store. Recently he sold
out and retired from that business and is now a
rancher at Campbell. He married Miss Maude Still-
well, a daughter of J. M. Stillwell, a native of this
state and an honored pioneer of San Jose, his home
being at 452 South Ninth Street. Mrs. Thomas F.
Sourisseau is a graduate of the San Jose State Nor-
mal, and previous to her marriage engaged in teaching
for four years. She is the mother of a son, Thomas
Felix, Jr., the only grandson in the family; Henry
is a jewelry engraver and resides on Delmas Avenue.
San Jose. He married Miss Pearl Houseman, born
in Kansas; George, who has traveled extensively,
is now a resident of Los Angeles. Eva resides at
the old homestead, 45 West St. James Street, which
has been the home of the family since 1870.

Felix Sourisseau passed away on May 26, 1909 and
the widow was called to her final rest on October
26, 1916. At his death Mr. Sourisseau left a large

estate, which is held as a trust by the children. He
was a stanch Democrat in his political views, deeply
interested in the welfare and success of the party.
The call ol charity never found him unresponsive
and he was ever ready to extend a helping hand to
those in need of assistance. In his passing, California
lost one of its honored pioneers, San Jose one of its
promoters and u|)builders, his associates a faithful
frienil and his family a devoted husband and father.

ROLLA FREEMAN FULLINGTON.— A lead-
ing business ni:in of San Martin, extensively engaged
in the real estate and insurance business, R. F. Ful-
lington has had a long and interesting career in
varied lines of activity, both in the Middle West and
in California. A native of \ ermont, he was born at
Burlington, on May 17, 1851. In 1852 the family re-
moved to Union County, O., and in 1863_ they re-
moved to Iowa and there he finished the courses of
the public schools of Newton, then attended Thomp-
son College at Newton, la. On leaving there he
entered the employ of the Pope-Davis Grain Con)-
pan>- of Chicago, 111., being employed by them as a
grain buyer for several years at Colfax, la., where
they had their elevator, and while there he was one
of the incorporators and one of the first councilmen
of Colfax in 1875.

In December of 1875, Mr. FuUington removed to
California, locating at San Francisco, where he was
a traveling representative of the McCormick Harves-
ter Company in this state. Being an expert in
demonstrating their machinery he attended all county
and state fairs and field trials and he was a very valu-
able man to the company and for ten years was af-
filiated with them. Later he went hito grain raising
on his own account near Santa Barbara, and he op-
erated as high as 5,000 acres at one time. He made
his home at Santa Barbara, and as his time and
means afforded him excellent opportunity for travel
he took many extensive journeys. He was also a
resident of Fresno from 1890 to 1900, and while there
established and conducted the Park Livery Stables
on the site of the present post office. During the first
development of oil in Kern County, Mr. FuUington
was one of the early promoters of the Posey Creek
field, serving as superintendent and manager of the
CoiTimonwealth Oil Compan>-.

Returning to San Francisco in 1900, Mr. FuUing-
ton opened a real estate and insurance ofiice at lUld
Market Street, and here he established a thriving
business that was making a splendid growth until the
fire of 1906 wiped him out, with thousands of others.
He then went to Oakland and took part in the sub-
division of Allendale and Fruitvale, removing in 1908
to San Martin. The townsite of San Martin had been
surveyed in 1892 by C. H. Philliiis, who was suc-
ceeded by C. M. Wooster & Company, with whom
Mr. I'ullington had been associated previous to 190(1.
and he at once became active in the disposal of the
lands of the San Martin Ranch after locating here,
building up a good insurance business, as well hand-
ling fire, life, indemnity, health, accident and auto-
mobile insurance. In addition to his business prop-
erty at San Martin, which he has improved with
buildings, Mr. FuUington owns twenty-four acres of
land at Romas, Monterev County, planted to apricots,
apples and pears. On February 12, 1871, at Newton,
la., Mr. FuUington was married to Miss Mary L,er-

954

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

hart, who was born in Minnesota, and three children
were ijorn to them: h'rcd T., who was formerly a
raih"oad man, now resides at San Martin with his
wife and two sons; Rolla Earl, deceased, is survived
by his widow and one son; Daisy, Mrs. J. Wesley
Kvans of Ducor, Cab, is the mother of five children,
three living. Mrs. Fullington passed away at Hen-
rietta, Tex., in 1885, while on a visit to her sister and
brother there. Mr. Knllington's second marriage,
which occurred at Fresno in 1892, united him with
Mrs. Annie Illif, a native of Newton, la,, and the
mother of one son, Bruce I. Fullington, who is on
the ranch at Romas. Mr. Fullington is a Democrat
and prominent in the Odd Fellows, being now one
of the oldest surviving members of Channel City
Lodge No. 232, 1. O. O. I'., at Santa Barbara, m
which he is a past officer, and he has been a delegate
to the Grand Lodge. In business circles he is a
member of the LInited Realty Association. He has
pioneered in San Marin and has improved consider-
able acreage, which he has sold at good profit.

JOHN A. RICE, D. D. S.— Well and favorably
known in professional circles in Santa Clara County
since 1888, where his influence as a public-spirited and
progressive upbuilder has been demonstrated, is John
A. Rice, D. D. S., a native of New York state, born
at Spencerport near Rochester, December 9, 1857.
His father was Dr. Austin Rice, who had married
Miss Jane Cole, both natives of the Empire State,
where the father was a prominent and well-known
dentist, John A. Rice enjoyed the helpful instruction
in the public and the State Normal School of New
York and then took up the dental profession with his
father. On the latter's death, he continued the prac-
tice until he came to Los Gatos, Cab, in January,
1888, and has since practiced continuously in this
beautiful foothill city.

Dr. Rice was united in marriage with Miss Kitty D.
Van Deventer of vSpencerport, N. Y. Politically he is
a Republican and fraternally he is very prominent in
Masonic circles. He was made a Mason in Etolian
Lodge No. 479, A. F. & A. M., Spencerport, N. Y., and
is now one of the oldest members of Los Gatos Lodge
No. 292, F. & A. M. He is also a member of Howard
Chapter No. 14, San Jose, and San Jose Commandery
No. 10, K. T., and is a 32nd degree Scottish Rite
Mason of the Consistory in San Jose; also a mem-
ber of Islam Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine,
San Francisco, and with his wife is a member of
the O. E. S. Dr. Rice is deeply interested in all
that pertains to the public welfare, and is a whole-
hearted, companionable man, endowed with the qual-
ities that make friends. He is deservedly popular
among his many acquaintances and friends. Public
spirited and willing at all times to take a good citi-
zen's part, he can be counted upon to aid in all pro-
gressive movements.

EBY ATHY HETTINGER.— Prominent among
the thoroughly experienced builders of Santa Clara
County is Eby Athy Hettinger, of Palo Alto, who has
done so much to control and mould public art taste
in that city, and to secure for the famous university
town the best housing and office conditions. He was
born in Red Bluff, Tehama County, on September
23, 1860, the son of Benjamin F. Hettinger, who first
saw the light near Philadelphia, as had his Grand-
father Hettinger before him. He married Miss Sarah

Eby, a native of Wayne County, Ohio. The cere-
monj' took place in Pennsylvania, and after Mr. Het-
tinger had lived for a while in Ohio, he set out with
his famil}' in 1856 to make the overland journey to
California. Originally a tailor by trade, he believed
that he might find better fields on the Coast, and for
a while he tried his luck at mining. Subsequently he
moved to Red Bluff in Tehama County, and in 1861,
he removed to Los Angeles. After a year, he re-
turned to Red Bluff, and entered the service of
the Antelope Saw Mills, where he was for years head
sawyer. Some memories of those crude pioneer days
are still retained by our subject. One night when he
was two years old, Indians surrounded the mill and a
couple of Indians were killed in the fight put up by
the whites in defense of themselves and their families.
Mrs. Hettinger held a candle in the oven, thus
screening the light so that the savages could not see,
while at the same time she afforded light enough for
the men to reload their guns. At the same time, also,
the children — our subject and his nine-year-old sis-
ter— were put between feather beds to protect them
from the firin.g of the Indians. Benjamin F. Hettin-
ger passed the closing years of his life in Red Bluff,
and his widow went to Drummond, Mont., to spend
her advanced years.

Eby went to the public schools, and also to the
academy in Red Bluff', and wdien he was fourteen
years of age, he commenced to learn the carpenter's
trade, and served an apprenticeship under his brother-
in-law, Edwin Dunckel, in Butte City, Mont. After
working as a journeyman in Butte, Helena and Red
Bluff until 1886, he came to California and settled at
Monterev, where he assisted in building the cele-
brated Del Monte Hotel. On April 22, 1887, he first
took up his residence in Santa Clara County, locat-
ing at Mayfield, and in July, 1888, he built the first
building at Palo Alto, a real estate office for a Mr.
Marshon, still standing at the back of Southwood
and Watson's real estate office. He made his resi-
dence for years at 541 Ramona Street.

Mr. Hettinger has built many of the finest struc-
tures in this part of the state; and among the edi-
fices erected by him or for which he furnished and
completed the exterior or interior woodwork, may
be mentioned the Assembly Hall, the Library and the
chemistry building at Stanford University, Stanford
Memorial Church, one of the finest buildings on the
Coast, which he constructed originally, and also
after the earthquake, when it was completely rebuilt.
Fle also put up 1000 feet of the Museum Building.
He built the Stanford Inn, the Phi Delta Theta Club
house, the Delta Kappa Epsilon Club house, the
Bachelor's Club house, the Delta Upsilon Club house,
the George B. Cooksey residence, the James Dough-
erty, or first five-story building erected in San Jose,
and in Palo Alto the Masonic Temple, the City Hall
and the City Water Works, and he also designed the
Post Office building, the Palo Alto Garage, the larg-
est in the County, and he remodeled the First Na-
tional Bank. He also built the New Lyndon hotel at
Los Gatos, and the San Jose high school, destroyed
by the earthquake, was another evidence of Mr. Het-
tinger's craft. During the war he signed a contract
to complete the various buildings and structures at
Camp F'remout. For eighteen months, from Novcm-
l)cr I, 1917, to April 1, 1919, he was the general

Q^r:^^^^(yQc

<s-<-

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

955

contractor and employed as high as 440 nun lor
several months, doing- work aggregating ^400,01)0.
He finished Camp Fremont proper, the rille range.
and machine gun range, the remount station and the
base hospital, all under the inspection of Major J. 1!.
CbatTey, who had charge, under the Ciovernment of
the entire construction work at Canip Fremont. Me
was the promoter of the project for hnying the Palo
Alto postoflice building for the local order of the
N. S. G. W. and is president of the board of directors
of the N. S. G. W. Hall Association of Palo Alto.

On November 30, 1890, Mr. Hettinger was married
at Mayfield, the birthplace of the bride, to Miss Tillie
Weisshaar, a daughter of Frederick William VVeiss-
haar, a native of Kreuzburg, Saxe-Weimar, born in
1832, who became an expert overseer on a farm of a
thousand acres. He sailed for Baltimore in 1852 and
inade his way to New Orleans, and later came to San
Francisco by way of the Isthmus. Reaching the Bay
Citv in 1856. he set hiinself up for five years in the
furniture trade: but then he decided to move inland
to Ma\'field, and with a partner purchased land and
was one of the first to subdivide and to encourage
others to settle there. He became prominent in the
Odd Fellows and the Druids. Mr. Hettinger has
been a member of the Native Sons of the Golden
West since 1907, and a Knight of Pythias since 1881.
He was also a city councilman of Palo Alto froin
1909 to 1915. In national politics he is a Republican.

JOSEPH EMORY COX.— A representative man,
Joseph Emory Cox is one of the enterprising and
active ranchers in Santa Clara County, giving sub-
stantial encouragement to every plan for the pro-
motion of the public welfare, and is recognized as
one of the leading horticulturists. He was born on
the old home place located on Saratoga Avenue, June
10, 1866. and is the son of William and Dicey
(Baggs) Cox, both natives of Coshocton County, O.,
and a cousin of former Governor Cox, candidate for
president. William Cox was a pioneer of Santa Clara
County, locating here in 1852, establishing a family
that do him honor to this day.

Joseph Emory Cox received the educational ad-
vantages of the public schools of Moreland district,
and then taking a coinmercial course in the Garden
City Commercial College in San Jose, where he was
graduated in 1886, he was well qualified to meet the
problems of life. After completing his business
course, he assisted his father on the farm and or-
chard, and helped in caring for and propagatmg the
nursery stock, learning budding and grafting, the
stock being used to set out their whole orchard.

Mr. Cox's marriage at Saratoga on September 24,
1890, united him with Miss Emma Scale, a native of
Kentucky, the daughter of John and Theresa (Chase)
Scale, born in Virginia and South Carolina, respec-
tively. They were merchants near Lexington, Ky.,
and spent their life there. Mrs. Cox is next to the
youngest of a large family, but the only one who
came to California. She was educated in the public
schools of Kentucky and came to California in 1885
with friends, and at Saratoga she met Mr. Cox. Mr.
and Mrs. Cox are the parents of four children: Floyd
A., married Velma Rice of an old and prominent
family here, and he is an automobile salesman in
San Jose; Ruby, is assisting her mother in presiding
over the household; Leslie M. Cox, married Miss
Annie Virginia Carmichael, also a member of a prom-

ment l:imily, and they have one eliild, Virginia
Ma\-, and he is a rancher and assists his father; lid-
\\in Cox is also assisting on the home farm. Mr.
Cox has been a very successful orchardist and is
owner of forty-seven acres, a portion of the old Wil-
liam Cox ranch that is set mostly to prunes; he also
owns another ten-acre prune orchard nearby and also
twenty acres in |)runes on Prospect Avenue. These
orchards are now full hearing and are yielding
a splendid income. Mr. Cox, with his sons, have
been close students of the propagation of a fine vari-
ety of large prunes and were fortunate in obtaining
a very select large-sized prune, which is called Cox's
Double X, a French prune now much sought after all
over the Pacific Coast country. These buds are taken
from two trees that he had obtained and only for the
great care he gave them, they would have died; but
he saved them, to the great advantage of the prune
growers of the Pacific Coast. In connection with
their orchards, they have a nursery where the\- make
a specialty of growing the Cox Double X prune.
For the past eighteen years, Mr. Cox has been
deputy assessor and has faithfully fulfilled his duties
in that capacity and has alwa\-s lieen ready to help
with any good movement for the uplift and in sup-
port of his community. He has inherited many of
the good traits and sterling qualities of his father,
and his has been an active and useful life in which
he has improved his opportunities \visely and well,
not only in the advancement of his individual for-
tunes but for the benefit of the community at large.
He has a wide acquaintance and all who know him
speak of him in terms of warm regard. In national
politics he is a Democrat and he and his wife are
members of the Christian Church at Saratoga.

MRS. MYRTLE WALKER JOHNSON.— Among

the substantial residents of her community and a fac-
tor for good and progress in moral and social circles
is ]\Irs. iMyrtle Walker Johnson, an orchardist on the
Los Gatos-San Jose Road. She is a native Califor-
nian, born on her father's place, a part of the old
Parr ranch called Rancho Rinconada de Los Gatos
in the early days. Mrs. Johnson is the daughter of
Robert and Eliza Jane (Parr) Walker and is the sec-
ond oldest in a family of three children. Her educa-
tion was obtained in the schools of Santa Clara
County and she .grew to young womanhood in her
father's ranch. On June 17,1896, at San Jose, she
was married to Frank A. Johnson, a native of Wis-
consin, who came to California and was engaged in
farming until his death. They were the parents of
two children: Robert P. and Alice. ilr. Johnson
passed away in ]May. 1900.

Mrs. Johnson inherited a thirty-eight-acre ranch
from her mother, who was a daughter of Jonathan
Parr, and in 1900 this place was set to an orchard of
prunes and apricots. Since the death of her husband,
Mrs. Johnson has managed the property' in a thor-
ough and systematic manner which bespeaks much
business ability and the substantial improvements on
the ranch are of such nature as to increase the value
of the property. Mrs. Johnson is an acti\'e member
of the Rebekaiis Lodge at Campbell, is a past noble
grand and has been a representative to the Grand
Lodge of that order. Her life has been an active,
useful and honorable one and has been crowned by
successful accomplishment.

956

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

MRS. ISABELLE MERRIMAN.— How effectively
the SA\eet meiiior}" and lilessed, uplifting influence ot
a life well lived continues to cheer and stimulate
those struggling along after, is well and beautifulh'
exemplilied in the storj" of the late Mrs. Isabelle iler-
rnnan, who died at her home in Palo Alto on June 13,
1920, at the age of seventy-two years. She was born
in Coiuieeticut, the dau,ghter of Leonard and Sarah
(Burns) Pardee, both natives of the Nutmeg State
and lioth worth\' members of representative, ohl
American fanulies; and she married Louis Merrinian,
also a native of that state and a farmer, who brought
his family to California in 1885, when they located in
Santa Clara County and continued agricultural ijur-
suits. At first, they lived near San Jose; tlien they
moved to Los Altos; and after that they pitched llieir
tent at Palo Alto, conu'ng here in l'J07. They had
two children, who are both living and reside in Palo
Alto: )\Irs. Clarion J. Alarriott and AVilliam N.
Merriman. /Vt the time of her lamented denhse, the
San Jose iMercury plerald contained the following
touching tribute to Mrs. Merriman's cherished memory
from the pen of Mrs. Marian Shaw:
"Help all God's creatures " —
So you lived your life,
Li loving service to the poor and sick,
Xone were too lowly, nor had sinned too far.
You A-oiced the suffering of the dumb.
Lifted high a Magdalen's sore heart,
And stooped to shelter in jour arms
Some wounded dog.

Friend of the helpless,

Surely in the great bejond

A recompense divine doth aound

AVithin thine ears:

"Liasmuch as ye have done it unto

one of the least of these, my brethren,

ye have done it unto Me."
The ilercury Herald also contained this C(|uall\'
affectionate tribute by Anne Whitney Wakefield: 'Tn
the passing away of Mrs. Isabelle C. Merrinian,
a rare and wonderful personality has left us. The
thought of death cannot be associated with that life
so intense, so vivid. Of her now the parting v.ords
of Browning sing themselves into our ears:
" 'Greet the unseen with a cheer!

Strive and thrive Cry 'Speed, fi,ght on, fare as ever
There as here.' "

"Authough in failing health for about a year, Mrs.
ilerriman ivas most active to the last, and one re-
joices that the end came so quickly to her. A long
illness and failing powers would have been the heav-
iest cross for her to have liorne. Her humane work
for man and beast has been pursued in this county
since before 1906. It was unremitting. And her
pjrivate means were lavishly poured out in the self-
imposed work.

"Upon her surely fell the mantle of America's great-
est humanitarian, Heiir\' Bergh, who was for long
periods a guest in the home of her childhood, aii<l
from him she surely imbibed much of the burning
desire to alleviate the sufferings of dumb beast and
abused child. I"Jay and night, year in and year out,
she has responded unfailingly to the call for help.
She has been kno\vn to carry on her own back at
night a bunrlle of hay to some starved cow or horse
«hen no one else would go, so tliat it might be re-

lieved before morning. The burden of all the griefs
she bore for others at times seemed almost to break
her heart, but she never flinched nor faltered. Her
last years were most cruelly saddened by malicious
attacks made upon her character and work by some
who probably have never achieved the smallest frac-
tion of the good for humanity that she did.

"The cause of the negro race .and the great need
of helping its advancement now was one in which she
took a most vital interest. She was a memlier of
the National Association for the Advancement of the
Colored People, and secured many memberships to the
San Jose branch by personal solicitation among her
friends. Above all else she mothered scores of home-
less, abandoned or illegitimate babies or children, tak-
ing them into her home, clothing, feeding and lov-
ing them. Personally, she found private homes for
all these children, and always kept herself in touch
with conditions after tlie_\- left her slieltering care.
ITcrs was a great, tender, mother-heart, and there was
also a l.iurning sense of justice that would fight against
all odds for the oppressed. I'or her no human words
of praise should be spoken, — only the Divine, "Well
done, good and faithful serwint, enter thou into the
joy of thy Lord,' should echo in our hearts. 'And
they shall lie Mine' saith the Lord of Hosts, 'in that
da\' when I make up Mv jewels.'

PATRICK B. SINNOTT.— A member of one of
Santa Clara County's pioneer families whose name
will ever be linked with its early history and develop-
ment, Patrick B, Sinnott has iiad a part in its stirring
events, having come liere in the year 1851. He was
born on April 23. 18-11, at Quebec, Canada, the son of
John and Llizabcth (Bolger) Sinnott, the latter being
a sister of ^Irs, iMartin Murphy, of the well-known
Murphy family, who started to cross the plains in
1844, tlie first white family from east of the moun-
tains to settle in California. John Sinnott was born
in County Wexford, Ireland, in June, ISOU. He was
fortunate in having good facilities for an education
and in grasping the opportunity, so that when he
embarked on his career he was well fiitted to assume
its responsibilities. He followed the occupation of
farmer and stockraiser in his native country until
1851, when he came to Quebec, Canada. There lie
married Aliss Elizabeth Bolger, a native of Canada,
and they became the parents of five children: Cather-
ine is in the Notre Dame Convent at San Francisco;
Mary became the wife of John Murphy, and both
passed away at San Jose, leaving eight children:
Thomas J., who was a prominent farmer at ililpitas,
is deceased; Patrick B. is the subject of this sketch;
Ellen resides at Milpitas and is the owner of part of
the old Sinnott ranch.

In 1851 John Sinnott brought his family to Cali-
fornia via the Isthmus, following the Chagres River
and Crossing to Panama City with pack mules. Tliey
reached San Francisco in June of that year and came
directly to Santa Clara County, where Ur. Sinnott
rented a farm of his brother-in-law, Martin Murphy,
near Mountain View. In 1856 he purchased 200 acres
of the Alviso estate at Milpitas, and to this he added
by purchase until he was the owner of 1,000 acres,
where witli the assistance of his sons, he was exten-
sively engaged in farming and stock raising. His
sound sense and business judgment assured him suc-
cess in his undertaking and he soon ranked among
the leading farmers of the county. He lived to be

MRS. ISABELLE MERREALAX

HISTORY UF SAKT.V C1,ARA CUUNTV

959

cighty-threc, and his wife reached the age of eigluy-
two, and both passed away at j^lilpitas, highly hon-
ored for their tine traits of character.

Patrick B. Sinnott was a lad of ten years when the
family arrived in California, and so became idenlitied
with the open life of the West in his early years. He
was thoroughly- trained in the duties of farm life on
his father' ranch and became a vai|uero of note. Aluch
of his boyhood was spent m the saddle and he
could mount and ride any horse, however wild, and
had a reputation far and wide for his daring feats of
horsemanship. For a time he attended Santa Clara
College, but the greater part of his time was spent
in assisting in the care of the large interests of the
Sinnott ranch. Upon the death of his father he be-
came the owner of a fine farm of 367 acres, part of
the estate, and for many years he operated it as an
extensive dairy, meeting with splendid success. There
he made his home until four years ago, when he re-
tired from active business life and purchased his
present home at Palo Alto.

In 1887, Mr. Sinnott was married to IMiss Ella
Twohig, who was born at San Francisco, the daugh-
ter of Timothy J. and Ellen (Carroll) Twohig, highly
respected pioneer residents of Alameda County. Seven
children were born to iMr. and Mrs. Sinnott. The
eldest passed awa\- in infancy; John J. died at the
age of eighteen; Helen Aloyse graduated at the San
Jose Teachers College and took a post-graduate
course at the University of California; she is now a
teacher in the Palo Alto schools; Elizabeth is a sister
in Xotre Dame Convent at San Franisco, and Marv
is also a member of that order; Ethel C, who gradu-
ated from the San Jose State Teachers College and
also attended Stanford University, is secretary for
the city health office of Palo Alto; Maud T. gradu-
ated at the San Jose State Teachers College and also
attended Stanford University; she is engaged in teach-
ing at Centerville. Alameda County. Mr. Sinnott has
lived a long, useful and interesting life in the state
of his adoption and he and his family stand high in
the comraunit}" where they have lived so many years.

THOMAS BENTON NICHOLS. — Counted

among Ma^'field's most progressive and enterprising
citizens are Thomas Benton Nichols and his talented
and estimable wife, who are the editors and proprie-
tors of the Mayfield News, a clean and newsy week-
ly newspaper. He was born at Maquoketa, Iowa,
December 9, 1861, and grew up in Jackson County.
His father was born near Cleveland, Ohio, on August
1, 1834. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was a
member of a company of volunteer infantry and was
mustered into service during September, 1862, at
Maquoketa, Iowa. He was shot on October 19,
1864, in the battle of Cedar Creek, W. Va., and on
November 27, 1864, passed away at the hospital at
Winchester. His mother, before her marriage Eliza-
beth D. Viers, was left a widow with two children,
Emma L., who is now the widow of Jean Stevens
and resides in Los Angeles, and Thomas Benton, the
subject of this review. His mother, married the sec-
ond time to George W. House, a Civil War veteran,
and they ran the old Phoenix House at Maquoketa for
many years after the war. Thomas B. grew up there
and at the age of sixteen went into the old Maquoketa
Sentinel office as "printer's devil" and office boy.
He also worked in the job office and on the weekly
paper and was occupied for six years; then went west
to Sioux City and worked on the Sioux City Journal ;

later on he went to Kansas City, Mo., and worked
for Kansas City Bank Note Printing Company on
job work; he then worked in various places, Chicago,
Kansas City, and Omaha.

Air. Xiehols' first marriage united him with Miss
Alinnie Koder and they were the parents of one
child, Loise, now the wife of Joe Birkenholt, a gov-
ernment employee at Alonroe, Iowa. Airs. Nichols
passed awa\' in Omaha and Air. Nichols tlien re-
moved to Monticello, la , where liis second marriage
occurred, uniting him with Airs. Harriet Waters, nee
Conery, a daughter of a Civil War veteran John Con-
ery, who had also enlisted from Maquoketa, la., and
ser\ed in the same company with Air. Nichols' father.
When the latter was shot, he fell into Conery's arms.
Airs. Conery was Aliss Alargaret I'opplis. Airs.
Nichols- is the mother of three children by her first
husband: Harr_\', who died at the age of twelve years;
Bertha, Airs. A. T. Anderson, resides in Fresno;
Richard R., works at Stanford University.

Some twenty-five years ago, when Richard was
quite young, being then about five years of age, he
became separated from his mother, and although a
diligent search \\ as made for him, his parents were
unable to get any tidings of his whereabouts. His
mother, who had been untiring in her efforts to find
her boy, was at last rewarded. Pie had grown to
manhood and married, and with the knowledge that
he was born in Alaquoketa, la., he wrote there and
located his uncle and aunts. Word was rushed to
Alayfield and the mother was nearly overcome with
happiness that her son was found. On October 11,
1921, he arrived in Alayfield.

Air. Nichols worked with John Lanigan on the
Alonticello Times until he removed to California in
1904; then he worked on various papers and in job
offices in Los Angeles, San FVancisco, Niles and
other places. Settling in Redwood City he worked
on the Redwood City Democrat for J. V. Swnft, its
editor and proprietor, and they are the best of
friends; then he removed with his familj' to Alayfield
and he bought the Mayfield News from Thoinas B.
Scott, about six years ago. During the month of
December, 1916, a disastrous fire occurred which
destroyed the entire printing plant, and they carried
no insurance. They nobly made a new start, bought
new and more modern equipment and now operate a
first class newspaper and job printing office. They
are enthusiastic "boosters" for Alayfield and were
energetic in helping to get the State Highway
through Mayfield, which has been an impetus toward
greater advancement. Alay 1, 1922, Air. Nichols dis-
posed of a one-half interest in the Mayfield News to
Mr. Herbert D. Triplett of San Francisco who there-
by became a partner in the Mayfield News. He is
a native of Austin, Nev., where he was born April 2,
1894. Educated in the public schools of Nevada and
the Mission High School of San Francisco, he early
entered the printing and newspaper business and has
a wide acquaintance with newspaper men on the
Coast. He was married at San Francisco, February
8, 1919, to Aliss Bernice Jones, a native daughter and
now the mother of one child. Wm. Charles Triplett.
Mr. and Mrs. Triplett are valuable acquisitions to
the staff of the Alayfield News and are heartily wel-
comed in Alaj'field.

Mr. Nichols is an Odd Fellow-. Airs. Nichols is
the past president of the Ladies' Relief Corps of
Redw-ood Citv and is now an active member of the

960

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

W. R. C. of Palo Alto; she is also active in the
Methodist Church of Mayfield. Mr. and Mrs. Nichols
radiate a spirit of progress and good fellowship and
stand for everything that is good for the upbuilding
of Mayfiield and environs.

HENRY TANNER HILL.— A thoroughly wide-
awake and successful rancher who is not only deeply
interested in developing his ranch, but i; also ready
to support any movement of common interest to other
ranchers as well, is Henry Tanner Hill, who lives
on North First and Gish streets, San Jose. He was
born in County Cork, Ireland, on August 16, 1861, the
son of Henry M. and Jane (Tanner) Hill — the former,
who was a farmer, a native of Scotland and the latter
a native of England. As a boy, Henry lived four
miles from the nearest school; and as he was com-
pelled to hop, skip and jump across the bed of a
river on thirty-two stepping stones in order to reach
the school at all, it may be surinised that he did
not have the best opportunity for acquiring a very
extended education.

On July 1, 1880, Henry Hill reached Santa Clara
County, and although he had a sister living in Ala-
meda County, he preferred to settle here. For three
years he worked on a threshing machine, and for
the next two years, he undertook whatever seemed
most lucrative. Next he worked for four years for
Mr. Colombet as caretaker of his place and then
five years for the San Jose Gas Co., and a short
time for the city water works, then worked eight
years for the Griffin Skelley Packing Co., after that
two years for the Santa Clara County Fruit Exchange.
Next he put in three months for the city of San
Jose at Alum Rock Park, and so he progressed
until 1901 when he bought a ranch of twelve un-
improved acres at the corner of Gish Road and First
Street in San Jose. There he erected a dwelling and
suitable farm buildings, and set about developing the
tract; and when he had brought it to a high state of
improvement, he sold the property and bought the
ranch on Gish Road, just across from his former
ranch. This new farm tract comprised eighteen
acres, and was also unimproved land when he entered
into possession; but there also he was not long in
putting up a farm dwelling and other desirable build-
ings, and then he planted the acreage in alfalfa.

Mr. Hill has been twice married. On March 1,
1890, he was joined in matrimony with Miss Anna
Murphy, a native of County Cork, Ireland, and
the daughter of substantial Irish folk wdio never left
their native country. She died in San Jose six years
after marriage. On the occasion of his second mar-
riage, at San Jose, on Christmas Day, 1897, Mr.
Hill took for his wife Mrs. Lenora (Hoehn) Miller,
the widow of O. U. Miller, who passed away in Illi-
nois before she came to California, and by whom
she had had one son, Fred Miller, with the Asso-
ciated Oil Company in Fresno. She was the daughter
of Fred and Amelia Gottschall Hoehn, and was born
in Illinois, but her father was born in Adlesburg,
Saxony, December 4, 1832, while the mother was
born in Reimsfeldt, Germany, in 1845, and died at
Carlinville, 111., September 18, 1892. Her great-
great-grandfather, Christofal Hoehn, was born in
Switzerland, 1695. He was of large stature, 7 ft.
8 in. tall. He was night watchman in Nearohta, Ger-
many, and died at 105 years of age from a broken
limb sustained while skating on ice in the perform-

ance of his duty. His son, also named Christofal,
was born in Switzerland in 1720 and died on the
march to Moscow in Russia while serving as a vol-
unteer soldier in Napoleon's army. He left three
sons: George H., Carl and Fred. George Henry,
who was the grandfather of Mrs. Hill, was born at
Nearohta, in 1794. He entered service under Napoleon
when sixteen years of age and afterwards served in
the Prussian army against Napoleon. He brought
his family to America in 1846 and died at Alton,
111., m 1851 of cholera. He married Elizabeth Dora
Erhardt of Reimsfeldt, Germany, who also died at
Alton in 1867, seventy-two j^ears of age. Mrs. Hill's
father's full name was Frederick John Christofal
Hoehn, and he came to America in 1846 with his
parents, four brothers and a sister. The trip on
the sailing vessel to New Orleans took seven months
and four days, after which they steamed up the
Mississippi to St. Louis. When twenty years of age,
under Jerry Job of Alton, he helped to bring a drove
of 500 cattle across the plains, there being twenty-
two persons in the company. They started March
28, 1853, and arrived in California October 1, that
3'ear. In 1860 he returned to Macoupin County, 111.,
by the way of Panama. He lived on a farm in Illi-
nois for thirty-four years; then he returned to Cali-
fornia with his family of seven boys and three girls,
his wife having died in Illinois. In 1917, after
an absence of twenty-four years he returned again
to Illinois for a visit and although eighty-five years
of age had an enjoyable trip. He died in San Jose
in 1909, aged eighty-seven years. His children were:
George H.; Frank L.; Lenora, now Mrs. Henry
Tanner Hill; Theodore H.; Mrs. Julia Lawson; Al-
bert A.; David A.; Walter F.; Mrs. Ida Isham, and
Harry Hoehn.

For twenty jrears Mr. and Mrs. Hill engaged in
dairying and from their herd of about thirty Jersey
cows, sold and distributed milk twice a day to their
family trade in San Jose. In 1921 they discontinued
the dairy and are now planting their acreage to pears.
Their union has been blessed with two children:
Harry, who is attending the University of Santa
Clara, class of '2i, and Russell, who is in San Jose
high school. Patriotic and public-spirited, Mr. Hill
served as a special policeman under Chief DeLacy,
and proving to be a fearless and efficient officer he
was given the opportunity to join the police force
permanently and work in politics. He had little taste,
however, for the latter, and so he abandoned for agri-
cultural pursuits what would have appealed to many
as a promising career.

FRANK W. NIGHTINGILL.— A member of the
bar of California since 1905 and a practicing attorney
since that time, both in San Francisco and in Santa
Clara County, Frank W. Nightingill has specialized
particularly in land law. He is a native son, having
been born in San Francisco in February, 1882, and
is a graduate of Stanford University. Since 1919 he
has maintained his office and resided in Palo Alto
with his family, consisting of his wife and daughter,
Nancy. Mr. Nightingill has always practiced law
upon the theory that most controversies between in-
dividuals are subject to fair adjustment without the
necessity of litigation, that where parties are repre-
sented by counsel, a knowledge of the law, together
with a disposition to be fair, is all that is essential
to the determination of their rights and obligations.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

963

MARION L. PITMAN.— A prominent liorticni-
turist whose life touclies the history of the worlil-
renovvned Stanford L'niversity in an interesting man-
ner is Marion L. Pitman, a native son, who was born
on his father's farm in October, 1854. This farm
consisted of fifty acres, and it is now incUuled in the
Stanford University gronnds. His own land is part-
ly in Palo Alto, and by his scientific industry, he has
made it of especial attraction, at the same time that
he has raised its efficiency in production to the liigh-
est limit. His father was Andrew Jackson Pitman,
the well-known pioneer, a native of Missouri who
married Miss Armenia A. Lewis, also of the Iron
State. He crossed the great plains in the year of the
Argonauts, and as a genuine '49er, he located in
Santa Clara County, where he continued to reside
until his death, in 1897, at the age of about seventy-
years. He was a farmer, and in the pursuit of agri-
•culture bought fifty acres, which he sold again in
1863 to a Mr. Gordon who, in turn, let Senator Stan-
ford have it for the proposed institution of higher
learning. After that he bought another fifty acres,
and the present farm of our subject is a part of this
second investment. He was a man of exceptional
intelligence and highly progressive; he sought to
develop his farm interests along scientific, but emi-
nently practical lines, and, in his upward, progressive
trend, he encouraged other ranchers as well.

Marion Pitman attended the local public schools
and then pursued the courses of the State Normal
School at San Jose. After that he removed to Wash-
ington and at Walla Walla taught for a year. Re-
turnin.g to Santa Clara County, he was for five years
in the milk trade at San Jose, and in 1888 he started
to farm where he is now located and where he has
ever since successfully tilled the soil. He carries on
general farming at the same time that he raises
truck-garden stuff and varied fruit; and he has
a valuable and beautiful property. At San Jose,
in 1881, Mr. Pitman was married to Miss Elizabeth
Denne. a daughter of George Denne, a native of
Dover, England. They have one daughter, Georgie,
who married Joseph E. Shearer of Palo Alto. Mr.
Pitman, like his father, is a Democrat.

ELMER S. O'CONNELL.— An enterprising young
man who is making a splendid record in the business
world and of whom the citizens of San Jose are justly
proud, is Elmer S. O'Connell, president of O'Connell
Bros., Inc. He was born at Hollister, San Benito
County, December 26, 1888, the son of Thomas
O'Connell, a California pioneer, wdio is represented
on another page of this history.

Elmer S. O'Connell is the youngest member of his
family, who in 1895 moved to San Jose, and there he
grew up, attending the Grant and McKinley gram-
mar schools and the San Jose high school. From a
lad he had assisted his father in his business, and on
July 9, 1906, when O'Connell Bros, was incorporated,
he joined his four brothers in the organization, enter-
ing heartily into the business and giving it all of his
time. Since 1911 he has been a director and in 1917
he was elected to the office of president of the cor-
poration, a position he is filling with much credit and
ability. Having worked his way up from the bottom
rung of the ladder to the top, he has become very
familiar with all the details of this extensive business

durmg all these years of .active partieijiation in the
alfan-s of the company, and so is espceiallv well i|uali-
lied tor his important place and appreciates the con-
lulenee reposed in him, as the guiding hand in its
lirogressive policies.

During the World War, m July, 1918 Mr O'Con-
nell entered the U. S. service, being assigned to
Company H, Thirty-second Infantry, and was sta-
tioned at Camp Kearny, San Diego, until February
-1, IJIJ. when he was mustered out and honorably
dischar.ged with the rank of corporal, after which he
nnmediately returned to San Jose and look up the
duties of his position with the company, it having
been earned on by his brothers during his absence
traternally, Mr. O'Connell is a member of the An-
cient Order of Hibernians and the Independent Order
of Foresters of San Jose. Reared in San Jose from his
youth, he was trained by his parents to habits of in-
dustry and self-reliance, wdiich instilled in him the
ambition to succeed, and he stands out prominently
among the boys of San Jose, who, while yet com-
paratively young, have more than made good.

WALTER WALSH.— An able representative of
the ranching and horticultural interests of Santa
Clara County is Walter Walsh, who was born at
San Jose, October 17, 1876, the son of Walter Walsh,
Sr., a native of County Kilkenny, Ireland, where he
was born on November 1, 1846, not far from the
three beautiful lakes that have made Kilkenny fam-
ous. His parents were Patrick and Mary (Whalen)
Walsh, and they were the parents of seven bovs and
two girls. Mrs. Walsh passed away in 1853, and
Patrick Walsh survived her until 1895, passing away
at the age of ninety-seven on the old home farm,
where he had spent all his life, and which had been
in the Walsh famih- for many generations, descend-
ing from father to son.

In 1860, when but thirteen years old, Walter
Walsh, Sr., crossed the ocean and joined an older
brother in Boston, Mass., and for several years was
engaged in various kinds of employment in that
vicinity. In 1869 he came to California, crossing the
plains by rail not long after the transcontinental
railroad was completed. He located at San Jose and
in October, 1870, was married to Mrs. Annie (Coch-
ran) Casey wdro came from her birthplace in Ireland
with her parents when she was eight years old. They
settled in Massachusetts, remaining there until 1861.
when they came to California. In 1878 Mr. and Mrs.
Walsh removed to the Catherine Dunne ranch near
Tennant Station, and for the next nine years Mr.
Walsh managed the property, purchasing his own
place of 120 acres in 1888, a tract of land lying five
miles east of Gilroy, where he engaged in farming
and stockraising. He passed away in December 29,
1907, the father of four living children: Wm., of San
Jose; Walter; Mrs. Marguerite Miller, of Beaumont,
Cal., and Joseph, on the home ranch.

The third eldest of the family, Walter Walsh. Jr.,
attended the schools of San Ysidro in the pursuit of
an education and his young manhood was spent on
the cattle range, where he became thoroughly con-
versant with the cattle business. During the Spanish-
American War he made two trips to Alanila, P. I.,
and Panama, as an engineer, spending ten months in
that occupation. He then entered the employ of the

964

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Oakland Moat Coniiiaiiy, continuing with tliein for
eight years. Ou September 6, 1910, he was married
to Miss Louise Vaccarezza, born in Alameda, a
daughter of Louis Vaccarezza, an orchardist of the
Kucker district who was born in Italy and lived in
the Lhiited States since a child. Four children have
l)lcssed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Walsh: Walter
Walsh, 111; Bernice; James, and Gladys E, the two
younger having passed awa>-. Mr. Walsli devotes
the greater part of his time to his horticultural inter-
ests at present, and is the owner of forty acres of
orchard and ten acres of Yine>-ard properly, twenty
acres of bare land, which he inherited from the
Walsh estate after the death of his mother ou Janu-
ary 14, 1920. He has many friends in the C.ilroy
district, where much of his life has been spent, pios-
sessing those tjualities which constitute a good citizen
and a successful business man.

JOHN ESREY.— More than half a century has
come and gone since John Esrey came across the
plains to California and settled thirty miles south of
Fresno at a town now known as Lemoore, taking
up his abode there in 1864, and made that his home
to the day of his death. His daughter, Mrs. Eliza
Ann Sutherland, whose sketch also appears in this
work, still owns a ranch adjoining the original home
place, which is now very valuable. Great have been
the changes that have occurred since John Esrey
first located there. The wild land has been reclaimed
for the purposes of civilization, and has been trans-
formed mto rich and productive places. Towns and
villages have sprung up and all the comforts and con-
veniences of an older civilization have been intro-
duced. In all matters of citizenship and business life
and in every relation with his fellow men, Mr. Esrey
displayed the sterling traits of character that in every
land and clime command respect and confidence. He
was born in Illinois, June 28, 1828, and in Missouri
in 1849 he married Miss Sarah Jane Stratton, a na-
tive of Kentucky, born September 6, 1829, and in
1864, on account of his wife's delicate health, joined
the overland train imder Captain Duncan, consisting
of thirty families, with horses, mules, oxen and cows.
The long journey across the arid plains to the West
was fraught with severe hardships, and the con-
stant fear of attacks from the Indians, made the ad-
venture one long to be remembered. Owing to Mrs.
Esrey's state of health, she was an easy prey to
mountain fever, so prevalent in those days, and
though everything was done for her that loving hands
could do, she died and was buried at the little village
of Galena, about three miles from Washoe, Nev. Mr.
and Mrs. Esrey were the parents of five children:
Eliza Ann, the widow of James Sutherland, whose
biography appears in this volume; Madelnah, Mrs.
William Ingram, deceased; John Wesley Esrey, re-
siding at Lemoore; Mrs. Mary L. Martin of Los
Angeles, and Thomas S. of San Erancisco. At the
time of crossing the plains, their daughter, Eliza Ann,
was thirteen years old, and the incidents of the jour-
ney and the losing of her mother, can never be
erased from her memory; to add to their sorrows,
the two younger girls, Madelnah and Mary, were
taken sick with the same disease that their mother
died with, and for many weeks they lingered be-
tween life and death, so that when they became con-
valescent they were unable to walk.

Weary of heart with his misfortune, but with that
true pioneer spirit, so inherent in those early set-
tlers of California, John Esrey pressed on until he
arrived at his destination in what is now Kings
County, where relatives had settled at an earlier date
When he retired he moved to Millville, Shasta Coun-
ty, where he died June 2, 1888, after a most noble
and useful career. His influence was ever on the side
of justice, truth and right and his honorable career
exemplified his belief in all that was uphfting and
of permanent benefit to mankind.

CHARLES P. COOLEY.-A member of the board
of Supervisors of Santa Clara County, who has
found the Pacific commonwealth a true Golden State,
i.s Charles P. Cooley, to whom both San Jose and
Santa Clara County owe an agreeable debt they can
hardly hope to repay. He was born northeast of
Palo Alto on January 7, 1869, the son of Lester F.
Cooley, a native of Vermont, who was married in-
San FVancisco to Gcraldine E. Sutton, a native of
New York. Lester Cooley came to California in
1860, and settled as a farmer; and he died at the age
of forty-seven on his farm where Charles was born.
Mrs. Cooley came to California when about twenty
years of age, and she long ago adopted the state as
her very own. She is now Mrs. Geraldine E. Frisbie
and is the President of the Woman's Relief Corps
of California, her sketch appearing elsewhere in this
volume. After finishing the courses prescribed in the
public schools, Charles commenced to work on the
home farm. His father died when he was only eleven
years old, and for twenty-five years Mr. Cooley man-
aged the home place, which contained some 400
acres. In 1907 he came to Palo Alto, and for sev-
eral j-ears thereafter he continued to farm. He also,
for >-ears, follo«-ed road building and other forms
of contract work. In 189S, at Menlo Park, he was
married to Miss Grace Boulware of Palo Alto, a
daughter of AVm. and Laura (Williams) Boulware,
both Kentuckians, and California pioneers, the father
being a 49'er, and one son, Stanley, has sprung from
the union.

In 1913. Mr. Cooley began to serve his fellow-cit-
izens as a member of the city council, and in 1916 he
was elected mayor of Palo Alto, and in 1917-18 was
reelected. When war was declared, he did much
valuable work with the army engineers, helping lo-
cate Camp Fremont, and was chairman of the finance
committee which raised funds for the primary es-
tablishment, buying out leaseholds and settling with
the tenants who, of necessity, had to be dispossessed
in order to secure possession of the site for the
Government's use. He met the first company —
of coast artillery — sent here, and provided temporary
quarters for them until Camp Fremont was ready.
He was chairman of the Palo Alto Red Cross drive
in 1918, of the Y. M. C. A. drive, of the War Work
Council, and of the A'ictory Loan drive. He also
took part in the War Camp Community service. Mr.
Cooley has been president for the past four years of
the City Planning Commission, and he is now chair-
man of the Committee on Public Works. While
mayor he cleared the Circle of jitney stands and all
other obstacles, for the establishment of the bus
depot. He also caused the interurban line to ter-
minate in the rear of the Southern Pacific passenger
depot, thereby centering the passenger traffic for the

jurvt/vxy (twiMj^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI,ARA COUNTY

967

safety and convenience of all lie caused a double
track crossing to be placed on llie Sonlheni I'acilic
right of way at the point of its intersection with Uni-
versity Avenue and put in elTect in the City Mall a iu\\
billing and bookkeeping system. There was also
installed during his administration in the City's [ilant,
two Diesel engines, each costing fifty to sixt>- thou-
sand dollars, and the gas-plant was bought at a
cost of sevent\'-t\\ o thousand dollars. Through Mayor
Cooley and other far-,-eeing and public-spirited citi-
zens, the Hostess House, originally erected at Camp
Fremont, was secured and moved down to the cit>-
of Palo Alto and reconstructed as the present
Conimunitx" Center. When the war broke cmt he
set aside all his own work in order to .give his ser-
vices undividedly to his country's welfare. He is a
Republican, a member of the rresb\-tcrian Church,
and belon.gs, of course, to the Native Sous.

Perhaps nothing could be more indicative of all
that is most characteristic, morall\- and mentally, in
the make-up of this highly representative citizen than
a contribution made by him some time ago to the
memorial number of the Dail\- Palo Alto Times, when
he set forth clearly "Why Palo Alto F'lourished," and
from which the following excerpts are quoted: "Look-
ing back over the greater part of a half-century passed
in the immediate vicinity of Palo Alto." he said, "one
can feel a spirit of pride in the notable development
that has been realized in this community. I was born
not far from what is now the prosperous cit\' of Palo
Alto, on the San Mateo County side of the San bran-
cisquito Creek, and have spent most of m\- life at
first on the home place and later in Palo Alto.

"In the early days Cooley's Landing, then ni\'
father's ranch, was a point of considerable shipping
activity. The volume of commerce was not large,
but the bay served well to afTord a means of cheap
transportation imtil other methods supervened. The
land, aside from the various holdings that had become
the country homes of the wealthy, was devoted to
agriculture and grazing. Dotted thickly with its
growth of magnificent live-oaks, it was a scene of
surpassing beauty, where one loved to roam and
perchance to hunt, but no man gave a thought to its
destiny as a model city. Then as Stanford Univer-
sity grew into being under the touch of the fairy wand
of its splendid endowment, the demand became in-
sistent for a city that should be in keeping with the
architecturalh' perfect pile of buildings which the hu-
mane-hearted Stanfords had made reality with the
broad vision that embraced the youth of the land for
all the years to come. Menlo Park, Mayfield, Col-
lege Terrace, and Menlo Heights each in turn as-
pired to greatness, but it was otherwise ordained.
The broad acres facing the university ground were
the destined site for tbe city-to-be.

"In 1892 Palo Alto began to grow in promise, and
the first business enterprises began to center here.
The pioneer citizens were a splendid class of people
and were gifted in an unusual degree with civic fore-
sight and wisdom. In the spring of 1894 the town
was incorporated, and under the guidance of these
far-seeing pioneers the young municipality had its
course shaped in the sure direction of future pros-
perity. The era of municipal ownership began as
early as 1896 and has continued to broaden in scope,
until at the present time Palo Alto is known nation-

ally tor Its marked success in the management of
■Is mumcpal ulibties. The city has been beautifully
and substantially built, public improvements have
I'ccu kept 111 hue with the needs of the time, and as
a result a city ninrally and physically attractive has
grown to the pride of the Sant;i Clara Vallev. Aside
Irom the splendid results of municipal ounership
no more miporlant acconipbsbment is of record than
the acquisition for a iieriod of niiitty-nine vears by
the city of the splendid tract of land lying along the
city front with ihe Stanford Arboretum and Kl
Cammo Real on the opposing side. This tract gives
a parlor entrance to the city, and ndien fully improved
as a community and recreational center it will be the
most notable and beautiful spot along the entire
Highway from Siskiyou to San Diego.

"Here is clustered the greatest educational develop-
ment on the Pacific Slope. Here are the .great Stan-
ford University. St. Patrick's Theological' Seminary,
the Academy of the Sacred Heart, Manzanita Hall,
Castilleja, and Harkcr's schools, and an exceptionally
excellent and finely-housed and equipped high school,
vith a puldic school system of high standing. An
outgrowth of the intelligence of the community is the
I'reeholder's Charter that was adopted in 1909. This
document is unique, a grant of rights unlike that of
any other city. L'ndcr its provisions the welfare
of the city is completely safeguarded, and the control
of municipal atTairs so excellently exercised that con-
ditions are as nearly perfect as can be desired. The
benefits of such government accrue to all the peo-
ple, in good service, cheap rates for municipal utility
commodities, low taxes and a morally clean commun-
it>'. The existence here of Camp Fremont, with its
40,000 national defenders, created unusual conditions:
yet the needs of the occasion were met and the camp
commanders have highly commended Palo Alto for
Its freedom from vice under this influx of people, and
for so fully meeting all the requirements of the na-
tional government in the stress of the war period.

"Could anyone ask more than is here atiforded to
create an ideal home city? The unexcelled climate,
the splendid location, the attractive scenery: the cul-
ture that marks an educational center, the excellence
of the local government, the nearness to the gr :i
metropolis of the Pacific, all these and many other
advantages arc things that bless life with comfort
and contentment. Those who will may come and
share in the solid charms that nature has bestowed
on this marvelous valley, and those wdio come will
stay, with never a regret nor a desire to disturb their
household goods."

WALTER HAMMOND NICHOLS.— Palo Alto
has long been so famous as one of the most ad-
vanced educational centers of the United States that
it is not surprising it should eventually draw to its
varied field of activity Walter Hammond Nichols, the
well-known teacher who has accomplished so much in
various communities, with the science of pedagogy.
He was born at Chicago on February 19, 1866, the
son of Joshua R. Nichols, purchasing agent for the
Chicago, Burlin.gton & Quincy Railroad, and later
assistant superintendent of the LTnion Pacific Rail-
way. He had married Miss Charlotte E. Hammond,
the daughter of Col. Charles G. Hammand, of the
Chicago & Michigan Central Railway. Walter at-
tended the local schools, and eventually, in 1891,

968

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

graduated from the University of Micliigan, when he
received the degree of B. S., after speciahzing in
chemistry. Still later, in 1891, he concluded some
post graduate work at Columbia University, for
which he was given the A. M. degree. His first
venture, on taking up the practical affairs of life, was
in fruit farming at Ann Arbor, Mich., then he was
trustee of an estate, and later in the banking busi-
ness at Boulder, Colo., where he was vice-president
of the Mercantile Bank & Trust Company. He was
instructor in history at the University of Colorado at
Boulder from 1897-98, and later professor of history
and economics there; and at Columbia University,
m the department of the Teachers College, he was
secretary and an occasional lecturer. While living at
Boulder, he served as school trustee and he was also
a du'ector of the Commercial Association. At Michi-
gan he did post-graduate work, and also at the Uni-
versity of Chicago and the University of Colorado —
from 1891 to 1896. From 1913 to 1915, he was a
teacher of English at the Pasadena high school; from
1915 to 1919, he was superintendent of schools and
principal of the high school, at Palo Alto; and since
1919, he has been the very efficient and popular prin-
cipal of the high school. He has enjoyed exceptional
advantages of both American and European travel.

At West Bay City, Mich., on September Zl, 1892,
Mr. Xichols was married to Miss Esther Blanche
Connor, the dau.ghter of Michigan pioneers. Four
children blessed this union, one of whom gave his life
for his country. Helen Blanche, Alan Hammond.
John Ralph and Dorothy Esther, a student at Stan-
ford University. Two of the sons were in the World
War. Alan Hammond Nichols went with the first
Stanford Ambulance unit, and later joined the b'rcnch
aviation corps; and he was killed on June 1, 1918,
during the big German drive on Compiegne. John
or Jack, went with the second Stanford Ambulance
unit, and then joined the U. S. A. tanks; and he
was in the St. Mihiel and Argonne offensives. The
family attend the Congregational Church; and Mr.
Nichols votes with the Progressive Republicans. At
Boulder, Colo., he belonged to Lodge No. 45, F. &
A. M., where he was a warden and a master, then he
joined Columbia lodge at Monrovia; then he belonged
to San Pascjual lodge No. 252, at Pasadena; and is
now a member of Palo Alto lodge No. 346.

The I-'alo Alto Union high school, of which Mr.
Nichols is the experienced and inspiring head, is
justly regarded as one of the best institutions of its
kind in all California, daily fulfilling its motto, cut
into the stone over the doorway of the main audit-
orium, "Wisdom is knowing what to do next: Virtue
is doing it" — a noble sentiment from Dr. David Starr
Jordan, who gave the address at the school's dedi-
cation. The magnificent site of thirty acres was prac-
tically donated by the Stanford trustees, and those
of prophetic vision have seen the possibility of this
school growing into a junior college to take care of
early years of university instruction. To the school-
man who is accustomed to look upon a new high
school building as a compact urban structure, limited
to a single city block, the Palo Alto high school is a
distinct and pleasant surprise; for there is about
this group of buildings the charm of the olden-time
California mission and the spirit of the small college.
The land is the property of Stanford University, and

has been rented to the school district for 100 years
at the nominal sum of $1 per acre per annum. Ground
for the new buildings was broken in December,
1917. The academic classes are lodged in the admin-
istration building, which includes the library, study
hall, the office of the school and fourteen classrooms.
The science department includes three laboratories
and a lecture room, and a small biological garden.
The commercial department consists of a typewriting
room and a bookkeeping room. The domestic arts
department, with its class-rooms, sewing and cook-
ing rooms, etc., is in the heart of the group and
connects the commercial department with the audi-
torium. The manual arts department forms the
southeast wing of the group where its activities will
not disturb the remainder of the school. The art
department and the cafeteria form the eastern wing
of a court, upon which the .girls' gymnasium, the
auditorium and the domestic arts departments will
back. A feature of this court will be a swimming
pool. The northernmost wing of the group con-
tains the auditorium. Probably the most novel fea-
ture of the entire group is the study court.

The central idea of the building is embodied in the
library, concerning which Mr. Nichols, when superin-
tendent of the Palo Alto schools, remarked: "Books
remain the master tool of educational processes, all
pseudo-vocational, moving picture theories of educa-
tion to the contrary notwithstanding . . . Exact science
is poverty-stricken without its master-interpreters
and seers whose names stand out on the library
shelves. In the library are gathered the ideals of
all time and all men, and even a dullard must be
quickened into some sort of vision of life by the very
fact of sitting quietly surrounded by books. In the
full faith that the library may be made the well-
spring of ideality m the lives of high school pupils,
the trustees have set their seal on this spacious,
central room."

Considering the undoubtedly important part which
the Palo Alto high school will play in the future de-
velopment of education in Northern California, some
observation by its distinguished head on general edu-
cational affairs in the Golden State are here worthy
of record. "Educational affairs in California," said
Mr. Nichols not long ago, "are being excellently di-
rected by a strong, efficient, non-political State Board
of Education and by the Honorable Will C. Wood,
just elected State Superintendent of Public Instruc-
tion. Mr. Wood is an educated statesman of high
order, wholly devoted to the interests of the children
and the educational institutions of the State,"

PERCY O'CONNOR,— A profound student both
of the law and of human life who, on account of his
broad knowledge, is able to administer a public trust
in almost an ideal manner, is Percy O'Connor, the
popular assistant district attorney, with headquarters
at San Jose. A native son who has never lost his
admiration for the Golden State, he was born at Los
Angeles on September 8, 1892, the son of M. F. and
Delight (Hopkins) O'Connor, and he was educated m
ijoth the public and private educational institutions
of the state. When he had finished with the public
schools in Los Angeles, he attended St. Vincent's
College in that, city and later matriculated at Santa
Clara University, from which he was graduated in
1913 with the Bachelor of Arts degree, receiving from

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.AKA COliN'I^V

971

tho same alma mator. two years later, the LL.ll.
degree. lu 1915, lie was admitted to practiee at the
California Bar; and sinee then he has lieen inter-
ested more and more in the administration ul ins-
tiee and the preservation of law and order. He he-
longs to the County Bar Assoeialion. nor is tliere
a more welcome memlier. He was appointed to liis
present post, as assistant to District Attorney C. C.
Coolidge. on January 19, l^it).

In Jul\', U117, i\lr. O'Connor enlisted in the United
States Army for service in the World War, commenc-
ing as a private; and as first lieutenant of the Eighth
Infantry, he discharged his duty in Fr.ance and Ger-
many, and remained a soldier until NoNcmlier, 191').
He helongs to the American Legion, the Y. M. C. A.,
the Masons and the Elks, and when national issues
are at stake, lie marches with the Republicans. He
belongs to Trinity Episcopal Church, and partici-
pates frequently in special uplift work.

JAMES WILLIAM THAYER, M. D.— Promi-
nent among the distinguished representatives of the
medical profession in Santa Clara County is Dr.
Tames William Thayer, for thirty-four years a resi-
dent of Gilroy, and now the health ofticer in that
town, and as a leading pioneer of this section, is one
of the well-known and influential citizens in the
county. He was born in the vicinity of La Grange,
AVyoming County, N. Y., on July 23, 1854, in an an-
cestral house long in the family, the son of William
John and Eliza (Lockwood) Thayer, both natives of
that county, and schoolmates together, the father
having first seen the light in 1820. Mrs. Thayer died
in 1885, aged sixty-five, the mother of six children.

James William attended the public schools of Wy-
oming County, the Wyoming Academy and the L'n-
ion Collegiate Institute at Attica, and was graduated
from the classical and scientific courses on June 19,
1874. He began the study of medicine while at the
Institute, but broken health interfered and he was
compelled to postpone his favorite work. Then, for
a couple of years, Dr. W. B. Sprague, of Pavilion,
N. Y., was his preceptor, and in 1875, he went to
Ashland, Nebr., and there continued his medical work
under Dr. Gray. A year later he matriculated at
the medical college at Keokuk, Iowa, and in Feb-
ruary, 1879, was duly graduated. Then he established
himself at Ogdensburg, Kans., and from that town
he moved to !Milford, that state, where he had a drug
store as well as his medical practice to keep him
busy. In 1883 he was appointed resident physician
of the principal hospital of the Mexican Central Rail-
road at Chihuahua, Mexico, receiving promotions
from time to time, until when he resigned in 1886,
he was acting chief surgeon of that road. He next
followed his profession at El Paso, Texas, in partner-
ship with Dr. W. M. Vilas, remaining there until
the spring of 1888.

On account of failing health. Dr. Thayer decided
to try California, and in February of 1888 he came
out to the Coast and for three months traveled over
the state seeking a climate suitable for his condition
of health and decided upon Gilroy as the most advan-
tageous. In May of that year he began the practice
of his profession here and in 1890 was appointed dis-
trict surgeon of the Southern Pacific Railroad, main-
taining that position until 1905. In 1916 he again as-
sumed that position, which he still holds; he also

became examiner for thirty-two insurance companies,
his ability and his conscientious duty commending
liini to corporations wishing to get only the best,
l-^r. Tliayer is a member of Santa Clara County Med-
ical Society and holds the oldest consecutive member-
■ship of living members tliere; he is a member of the
State Medical Association and the American Medi-
cal Association; as well as the Pacific Society of
Railroad Surgeons and International Association of
Railway Surgeons.

^ Although among the busiest professional men of
Santa Clara County, Dr. Thaver has never failed to
give some of Ins time to promote the municipal wel-
fare, generally working with the leaders of the Re-
publican party to effect the reforms or progress
desired, but being too broad-minded not to put his
shoulder to the wheel, when occasion has demanded
it, m non-partisan endeavor, and accepting public
olfice himself, that he might more ei^ectively "lend
a hand." For fourteen years he served conscientiously
as a member of the city council and for many years
he has been the health officer of Gilroy, and the' dep-
uty health officer of the southern portion of Santa
Clara County. He also did pioneer and far-reaching
work for twelve years as the secretary of the Gilroy
Chamber of Commerce, resigning that responsible
position on account of his many other duties, in Sep-
tember, 1920, after having contributed a great deal
to the success of that organization of great efficiency
which had evolved from the Gilroy Promotion Club
ot 1905-08. The Chamber of Commerce of Gilroy,
however, was not organized until April, 1912, when
H. Hecker was elected president and Dr. Thayer
secretary. In 1921, a reorganization and drive for
new members proved a great success. L. W. Wheeler
then assuming the presidency, and C. T. Bolfing be-
coming secretary. During the last eight years, es-
pecially, the Chamber of Commerce has been working
wonders for the benefit of Gilroy, and it is no small
honor to have participated, actively and willingly, as
Dr. Thayer has done, contributing frequently to both
the Gilroy and the rest of the Santa Clara County
press. He was one of the organizers and a member
of the board of trustees from its organization to the
present time of the Gilroy Public Library and a mem-
ber of the Presbyterian Church and secretary of its
board of trustees.

Dr. Thayer has been twice married. In June, 1874,
at La Grange, N. Y., he was united with J^Iary s'
Dexter, who was born in 1855, and died in August.
1876, the mother of one daughter, Delia Florine
Thayer, born in Pavilion N. Y. While practicing
medicine in Ogdensburg, Kans., he married Miss
Effie A. Parrish, by whom he had one daughter,
Laura E. Thayer.

Miss D. Florine Thayer was reared and educated
in Gilroy, and had begun to pursue the courses of
study at the San Jose State Normal School, with a
view to teaching, when impaired health induced her to
change her work, and for twenty-one years she has
been Dr. Thayer's office assistant. Of resourceful
capability. Miss Thayer has proven a factor for real
good in Gilroy. She is the financial secretary of the
Independent Order of Foresters, and a past noble
grand of the Rebekahs and musician of the local lodge
for years. She has been particularly influential for
progress and the better things in clubs, and is a char-
ter meiTiber and for t^\■e^ty-one years secretary of the

97„'

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

F. R. F. G. Club, and was the first secretary of the
Women's Civic Club of Gilroy. She belongs to the
First Presbyterian Church, and is secretary of the
Women's ^lissionary Societ}," and the Mite Society.

MRS. ALLIS KIMBALL BALLOU BRAD-
FORD.— A native daughter of California, who has
traveled extensively is Mrs. AUis Kimball Bradford.
She is a representative of the ninth generation of the
Ballou family in the United States, and was born in
San Jose on the Oakland Road on one of her father's
ranches. She grew up in Santa Clara County and
was educated in the grammar and high schools and
later attended the State Normal school at San Jose
and graduated with the class of 1885; later she weiu
to Boston, Mass., and studied voice culture. Her
father, J. Q. A. Ballou, is a native of Windsor Coun-
ty, \'t., wdio came to California in 1849, going hrst
to the mines in Amador County. In 1853 he removed
to vSanta Clara County and purchased forty acres on
the Milpiitas road, which he set to an orchard. He
has alwa3's been a prominent and progressive citizen
of Santa Clara County, and has been interested in
various projects that counted for the upbuilding of
the count)". He resides with Mrs. Bradford at her
home in Palo Alto at 350 Addison Street and is
ninet\'-hve years old, being totally blind.

In San Jose in 1897, Miss Ballou was united in
marriage with Wager Bradford, a mining enguieer,
who was born in Stockton and educated at Hamilton
College, New York State. Immediately after mar-
riage, ilr. and Mrs. Bradford went to Johannesburg]!,
South Africa, v,here Mr. Bradford was employed as
a mining engineer for the Eckstein Gold Mining
Company. Fie became a captain in the British army
defending the Rand mining district m the Transvaal.
Mr. and Mrs. Bradford, who w-ere the parents of two
daughters, Katlierine and Elizabeth, resided in Africa
thirteen years. Mr. Bradford was taken ill there
with pneumonia and passed away July 9. 1909, and
Mrs. Bradford returned to San Jose with her hus-
band's remains and he was interred in Oak Hill cem-
etery at San Jose. In 1910 she removed to Palo
Alto, purchasing her home at 350 Addison Avenue.
She is active in civic affairs and serves on the advis-
ory- board of the Stanford Convalescent Home for
children, and also belongs to the Woman's Club of
Palo Alto. During the recent war she served on the
home section of the Red Cross. She is devoted to
her home and the care and education of her daugh-
ter and administering to the needs of her blind father.
She believes in constructive measures and is inter-
ested m the welfare of the community.

ALFRED SEALE. — A native son, fortunate in an
inheritance of dee]) interest for California and her
splendid institutions, and devoting most of his time
to his real estate afTairs, Alfred Scale, of 537 Cole-
ridge Avenue, Palo Alto, contributed definitely to-
ward the rapid and permanent development of the re-
soures of the favored Golden State. He was born
at San Francisco on December 16, 1865, and started
life with the advantages of a metropolitan environ-
ment. His father, Thomas Scale, was a native of
Ireland, having been born in Banagher, County Kings,
m 1826; and when he first came to the United States,
he lived for a while in New Orleans. Then, in 1850,
he came out to California by way of the Isthmus
of Panama, and he located in San Francisco, where
he established himself with his brother, Henry W.

Scale, as a contractor and undertook much of the
difficult and important grading work in the early
days of that city. In 1853, he came down into Santa
Clara County, and settled at Mayfield; and there he
became the owner of more than a thousand acres of
land. It lies south of Palo Alto, and in its owner-
ship, Mr. Scale had his brother, Henry W. Seale,
as a partner; the area is now known as the Seale
Tract. The brothers farmed the land successfully
until the death of Henry W. Scale, in 1888. Thomas
died nineteen years later. He had married Miss
Marion Sproule, and their union was blessed with
two children — Alfred, the subject of this sketch, and
Mabel, now the wife of Gustav Laumeister, of Palo
Alto. Henry W. Seale married Miss Jessie D. Carr,
a daughter of Jesse Carr, the California pioneer.

Alfred, on settling down to his sphere in life, en-
tered the realty field as an owner, and has done his
part to favor the appreciation of land value and to
develop liis holdings. He is a Democrat, as was his
father and uncle, favoring the substantial traditions of
the historic party, and his influence is often felt for the
uplifting of civic aff^airs.

When he married, Alfred Seale took for his wife
Miss Grace E. Ross, a native of Lassen County,
Cal., and the daughter of A. E. Ross, a pioneer
stockman, hour children came to gladden the hearts
of these worthy parents, ilarion, Barbara, Alfred, Jr.,
and Marjorie. Mr. Seale is a Mason, and a Shriner;
.and he is also a very esteemed member of the Na-
tive Sons of the Golden West.

ARTHUR E. ARNOLD.— Coming to Stockton,
Cal., in 1876, Arthur E. Arnold was for a number of
\-ears a resident of the San Joaquin Valley, at a time
when, compared with the present, that part of the
country was sparsely settled. A native of Connecti-
cut, Mr. Arnold was born at Norwalk, November 2,
1850, and when thirteen years old accompanied his
parents to Boscobel, Wis., and there he spent the
ne.xt thirteen years of his life at farm work and at
threshing operations. In 1876 he came to California
and went to work on a ranch in San Joaquin County;
he remained there but a short time, however, going
from there to the Sperry Bros, ranch, near Stockton.
Later he organized a threshing crew and contracted
for the threshing of grain throughout San Joaquin,
County when it was a vast grain field, continuing
there until 1895, when he came to Santa Clara Coun-
ty. He decided on the rich district of Morgan Hill as
the scene for his future operations and purchased
thirty-five acres of the Dunne tract, situated on Ed-
mundson Avenue, and here he has since made his
home, continuing his threshing operations each sum-
mer in San Joaquin County until 1919.

In 1880 Mr. Arnold was married to Miss Vina C.
Carlon, who was born in Iowa, the daughter of Kin-
sey and Henrietta (Mallard) Carlon. The father,
who was born in Pennsylvania in 1824, was a pioneer
settler of Iowa, and Mrs. Carlon was born in New
Jersey in 1837; she lived to be eighty-one years old,
passing away in Iowa in 1918. Mrs. Arnold, who
was fortunate in having a fine education, followed
the profession of teaching in Iowa for about four
years before her marriage to Mr. Arnold, whose ac-
quaintance she made while on a visit to California.
Three children have been born to them: Vivian,

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

973

married to John Ricardo, and they reside at Antioeh;
Wallace, deceased, is survived by a son, Arthur 1*.
Arnold, who lives at San Jose; Carl, married Miss
Kruger of Watsonvillc, and they reside near Morgan
Hill; he has a fine record for service during the
World War, serving for two years and spending
twelve months overseas in the Engineers Corps. Mr.
Arnold is a Republican in politics and takes a keen
interest in all that concerns the community's good.
Mrs. Arnold has been a member of the Methodist
Church for twenty-six years and of the W. C. T. C
for twenty-seven years.

FRED W. OSTERMAN.— Prominent among the
most progressive and successful nurserymen of Cal-
ifornia is Fred W. Osterman, who was born on the
Alameda, in San Jose, on October 29, 1866, the son of
William and Alary Agatha (Brunst) Osterman. His
father came to California across the plains in an ox-
team train in the early fifties, and for a while was
employed in the lumber mills at Fort Bragg, in Men-
docino County. He had come to America and New
York City from Bremen when he was fourteen years
old, and later made his way to California; and he had
to struggle with adversity, for his parents' property
had been confiscated by the Russians. Mrs. Osterman,
on the other hand, came from Klingen Alunster,
Rheinfelsen, and she and Mr. Osterman were married
at San Francisco, after he had been shipwrecked
while journeying from Ft. Bragg to the Bay Cit3'. Mr.
Osterman took up mill work at the Froment Luinber
Company, and later accepted a position with the Santa
Clara \'alley Lumber Company in San Jose, where he
continued till he died. His widow is living in San Jose
aged eighty-six years. She has three children, Fred-
erick W., our subject; Margaret, Mrs. Jas. Donnelly
of San Francisco; and Wm. J., of San Jose.

Fred Osterman attended the Hester school, and at
fifteen was apprenticed to learn the plumber's trade.
He worked under Fred Klein for four years, and then
for a couple of years, or until they discontinued, for
Eadgley & Behrendt. After that, for sixteen years
he was in the employ of Chris. Hirth. He then went
into business for himself, and for five years had a
plumbing shop at 732 South First Street. From a lad
Mr. Osterman had been interested in growing flowers,
plants, seeds and trees and always cared for the home
gardens and he became experienced in budding and
grafting as well as propagating plants, so in 1904 he
sold his plumbing business to devote all of his time
to the nursery business. He established his first nur-
sery at 501 Prevost Street, and after four years he
sold out to Charles Navlet. Then he bought the
old Hannah Nursery of ten acres on the McLaughlin
Road, and there he has cultivated all kinds of nur-
sery stock, and became an expert in bulb growing. He
has installed a first-class pumping plant, and many
modern improvements. He has also installed a system
of irrigation from pipes laid underground. He makes
a specialty of raising bulbs and all kinds of ornamental
stock, narcissus, peonies, jonquils, daffodils, gladioli,
as well as all kinds of roses and has established a rep-
utation for growing the finest roses, importing roses
from France and jonquils from Holland.

At San Jose on August 7, 1889, Air. Osterman was
married to Miss Orianna Waldorf, a native of Mt.
Auburn, 111., and the daughter of Jacob and Adaline
C. (Slayton) Waldorf. Jacob Waldorf was born
m Warnerville, N. Y. Coming to Michigan he mar-

ried Adaline C Slajion, who was born in Hillsdale,
Mich., and they removed to Illinois where they were
farmers. During the Civil War, Mr. Waldorf was
captain of Company G, U. S. Heavy Artillery, taking
part in the Cieorgia campaign and march to the sea.
In 1873 Mr. Waldorf removed to Virginia City, Nev.,
where he \vas employed in the Bonanza King mine,
his family joining him in 1875. In 1887 the family
came to San Jose, and seven years later the father
joined them there, where he died. His widow con-
tinues to reside in San Jose, aged seventy-nine years.
Of their seven children, five are living: Mrs, Mmnie
McCourt of San Francisco; Orianna, Mrs. Osterman;
John T., a prominent man of San Francisco, who was
enrolling clerk of the U. S. Senate for four years;
Geo. W., an attorney in San Jose; Addie, deceased;
Jacob was with the aero squadron in the World War
and is also deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Osterman have
two children, Florence, a graduate of Heald's Busi-
ness College, is in the employ of the California Prune
& Apricot Growers, Inc. Frederick Elmer was in the
government service and on a vessel that plied between
the United States and China during the war. He is
now associated with the Philippine Vegetable Com-
pany at Manila.

Mr. Osterman is a member of the San Jose Nurs-
erymens' Association and of the Seventh Day Adven-
tist Church. Mrs. Osterman is a member of y\nna
Ella Carroll Circle No. 1, Ladies of the G. A. R. and
of the Baptist Church. Mr. Osterman gives no small
credit for his success to his faithful wife who mani-
fests the greatest interest in his business and has
charge of the floral department, making all the bo-
(juets and floral designs for the trade.

SAMUEL G. TOMPKINS.— No San Josean is"
better known or more deeply respected than Samuel
G. Tompkins, attorney, American plan advocate,
golf enthusiast — and flute player, and from the days
of his early boyhood, when he was struggling for a-
foothold against heavy odds, until the present years
of fulfillment, his life is the interesting story of a
truly self-made man. Mr. Tompkins was born m
Louisiana, where his father was a man of promi-
nence, a circuit judge whose jurisdiction extended
over three counties, or parishes, as thej' were called
in that state. The father enlisted in the Confederate
army, and his four years' service during the Civil
War left him in impaired health, so he sold his
holdings of 1500 acres for $1500 and planned to
move to California. The tickets were bought for
the family, which then consisted of father, mother
and four children, the eldest just eleven and the
youngest a baby of thirteen montlis. Everyone was
happ>- in the prospect of the journey; and one day the
father went to the river landing to superintend the
shipping of their household effects, and all was veil
until the boat was four miles out from sliore, when
it burned to the water's edge and nothing was sa\ed.
On the way home the father encountered a severe
rainstorm and this exposure, in his weakened condi-
tion, caused his death. In this pitiable pli,ght, Mrs.
Tompkins did the only thing possible, and using^ the
tickets already purchased she brought her little fam-
ily to Yuba City, Cal , wliere some of the father's
relatives lived Here she taught music for a year,
and hearing that CoUisa offered better opportunities,
she moved there.

''74

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

SamuL'l G. attended school at Colusa until he was
lourteen, and then quit school to earn his living,
working at all sorts of odd johs — digging ccdlars,
chopping wood, working in the hay field — keeping
this up until he was eighteen, wdien he was awakened
to the great need of an education and, as he puts it,
the desire "to be somebody." Some neighbors were
moving to Oakland in order to give their boys bet-
ter educational advantages and their plans gave him
the determination to get an education. Securing a
job with a threshing gang, he worked from before
sunrise until the last glint of daylight had disap-
peared. He had heard of the College of the Pacific
and wrote there, telling of his ambition to get an
education, and in reply received a nice letter of en-
couragement from Dr. C. C. Stratton, the president,
telling him if he had accomplished a certain amount
of Latin, he could enter the third year preparatory
work in Aiigust. ]\lr. Tompkins set to work, study-
ing at the noon dinner hour under the cook wagon
or inside the wagon at night, while the Chinaman
washed the dishes. When the summer's work was
over, he bought a ticket for San Jose, arriving there
with $."^0 two weeks before college opened. Pres-
ident Stratton, recognizing the boy's ambition and
determination, secured work for him on the campus,
the earnings to apply on his tuition, and Samuel also
secured a job as night messenger for the American
District Telegraph. Next he became janitor of the
old Presbyterian Church, doing his work at night
after the da},-'s study at college was finished, keeping
this up for two years, and he was able to keep up his
studies until he graduated in 1886. Two weeks later
he took the teacher's examination and secured a
first-grade certificate, teaching his first year at the
Jei?crson school near Santa Clara, and then two
terms at the Hester School at San Jose. When he
first entered college he made the decision that he
would be a lawyer, so he then gave up teaching and
entered the office of T. H. Laine, and after a year
there he passed the Supreme Court's examination
successfully. At last the time had come when the
goal of his ambitions was in sight; but his money
was gone, so he went back to teaching, this time tak-
ing two positions to make up for lost time, a day
school at the Guadalupe mines and at the night
school in San Jose. He made the round trip of
twtnty-four miles every day with a horse and cart.

About 1890 Mr. Tompkins opened up his law of-
fice m the building where the Madsen I^urniture
Company store now stands, but kept his night school
position to pay his expenses wdiile waiting for busi-
ness to come. Needless to say, it did come, and as
the vears have gone by, Mr. Tompkins has taken
his place among the leaders of the bar of Santa Clara
County. In reply to the query as to what he attri-
buted his success, Mr. Tomkins once said, "I attribute
it to making up my mind to do a thing — and stick-
ing to it. It is not so much brilliancy that counts,
but energy and fair dealing. I suppose that every
man at some time in his life thinks that when he has
accomplished certain things that he will quit busi-
ness, but some year ago something occurred to me
that was enlightening. A successful man wdiom 1
knew well decided to retire from business, visioning
long j-ears of enjoyment and ease. Some months

afterwards I saw him standing on a corner, just
looking up and down the street. After greeting him
I said, 'What are you waiting for?' I will never for-
get the tragedy of his reply, 'Sam, I'm just waiting
to die.' As I walked away I changed my mind about
ever giving up work. I wanted to be a lawyer. I
am a lawyer; and I shall continue to practice law.
One can rust out quickly, but it takes a long time to
wear out." Mr. Tompkins is a great lover of music
and has been for many years an artistic performer on
the flute. He says, "The history of my flute playing
goes back to Colusa County, when 1 was fourteen
years old I attended a concert and heard a boy play
a piccolo — an octave flute — and for years I carried
that tune in m_v head, until I located it in Von Web-
er's Oberon. When I left the concert that night I
wanted to learn to play. I hustled around and got a
subscriber for the Youth's Companion. The prize
was a fife; it came and I welcomed it, but it wasn't
a flute. h'inally i found an eight-keyed flute and
now I own a Boehm flute for wdiich I paid $185.
Music is my recreation and my pleasure. There is
something about, especially flute music, that is soul
satisfying. Somehow I thing that what I did with
the flute is just wdiat we have to do in life with a
chosen line of work. We have to select something
and then make ourselves master of it — whether it's
a flute or a profession."

DALLAS E. 'WOOD. — Among the progressive
and active citizens of Palo Alto, whose influence is
felt along all lines, is Dallas E. Wood, the editor
and joint publisher of the Daily Palo Alto Times. A
native of California, he was born in Merced, on
January Tl, 1886. His father, Mirabeau Dallas
Wood, was a native of Florida, while his mother,
Maron L. Wood, was a native of Missouri. His
maternal and paternal grandparents were from Vir-
ginia, Tennessee, and South Carolina. Dallas E.
began his education in the grammar school of Mer-
ced and was graduated from the grammar school in
June, 1900; and from the Merced high school in June,
1904; he immediately entered the Stanford Univers-
ity and was a student from 1904 to 1908. After his
graduation his first work was as advertising writer
in San Francisco, and he was thus engaged for seven
years. In 1915 he became the city editor of the
Merced Sun and was thus occupied until July 1,
1919, when he became editor and joint publisher of
the Daily Palo Alto Times in partnership with
George F. Morell and William F. Henry.

Mr. Wood's marriage occurred m Stockton, Cal,
August 24, 1921, and united him with Miss Elizabeth
A. Wright, a daughter of the late Judge E. G. Wright
of Putnam, Conn., and Mrs. Wright, now of Boston,
Mass. Mrs. Wood is a native of Connecticut and
her education was begun in that state; later she was
a student and was graduated from the Stanford Uni-
versity with the class of 1908. Mr. Wood is the
owner of a fig orchard in Merced County. Political-
ly he is a Democrat and fraternally belongs to the
Knights of Pythias. During his residence in Palo
Alto he has entered enthusiastically into the civic
life of the community and is ever ready to put his
shoulder to the wheel to help its progress.

<0i<^^^ J^ 0e^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

975

FRANK J. O'CONNELL.— Already securely es-
tablished in the business life of the community,
Frank J. O'Connell, the vice-president of O'Connell
Bros.. Inc., and manager of their extensive cattle
ranch, is greatly interested in the .growth and devel-
opment of Santa Clara County along broad and com-
prehensive lines and zealous in his work towards
making it one of the banner counties of the state
in agricultural and horticultural resources. The sec-
ond eldest of a family of six living children born to
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas O'Connell. pioneers whose
sketch appears elsewhere in this book, he was born
at Hollister, San Benito County on October 23, 1881,
where his early education was gained. In 1895. when
a lad of thirteen years, he accompanied the family
when they removed to San Jose, and there he con-
tinued in school for another year, when he left the
classroom to give all his time in assisting his father,
who was engaged in the fuel and feed business.

In 1002. :\Ir. O'Connell. with his brother Charles,
took over their father's business and continuing
in partnership until July 9. 1906. when the five
O'Connell boys incorporated the business as O'Con-
nell Bros., Inc., in which he has since been a direc-
tor and vice-president. They then enlarged the busi-
ness, establishing a grocery department, as well as
a wholesale and retail butcher business, and finding
a great need for a large supply of cattle, in 1911 they
launched out into cattle raising. This end of the
business has grown to great proportions and they
now own 15,000 acres near Madrone, and control
another 17,000 by lease at Pacheco Pass, a descrip-
tion of their holdings being found in the article on
O'Connell Bros., Inc. In 1911 Mr. O'Connell took
charge of the cattle and ranch interests and has
since superintended that part of the business. A
close student of the stock industry, he has become
exceptionally well informed and is considered one of
the best judges of cattle in this part of the state,
buying cattle from }vIexico to Oregon, as well as
cast to Nevada.

In San Jose, on June 17, 1911, Mr. O'Connell was
married to Aliss Rhea Fenton, a native of Iowa, and
they have three children, Fenton Frank, James W.
and Ruth Irma. Mr. O'Connell is a popular mem-
ber of the Woodmen of the World and Ancient
Order of Foresters. He is a straight-out Republican
and protectionist, progressive in his ideas, and al-
ways ready to boost for the great commonwealth of
his birth. Widely known throughout this part of
the country, his genial manner has made him a host
of friends over the state.

GEORGE B. CALL.— A representative citizen of
San Martin whose years of application to business
have brought him affluence in this world's goods,
George B. Call is the son of worthy pioneers of the'
Golden State, who came here in the '50s. A native
son, he was born at Tehama City, Tehama County,
on November 5, 1863, the son of John and Sarah
(Shortridge) Call. In the early '70s the family re-
moved to Sonoma County, where the father was en-
gaged in ranching, and there George B. was reared,
receiving his education in the schools there.

Mr. Call's marriage united him with Miss Ida
Bandfield, a native daughter of San Francisco, her
parents being John and Mary Bandfield, who were
residents of Santa Rosa until their demise. John

I'.aniHield is numbered among California's pioneers,
ha\-ing come to San Francisco in 1849, where he was
in the employ of the Government. In 1890 Mr. Call
located near l''orestville, Sonom.a County, and there
followed general farming and fruit raising until 1900,
wlien he removed to Santa Ana, Orange Count_\'.
where he lanned on (he f.amous vSan Joaquin Rancho.
owned by J.'imes Irvine, and comprising thousands
of acres devoted largely tf) growing lima beans. In
1903 he came to San Martin and located on a ranch
which be developed into one of the most profitable
orchard and viney.ard properties in this district. His
holdings now consist of fifty acres, located on Church
A\enue, and while he has retired from active work on
the ranch, it is being cared for under his capable
sui:icr\-ision and brings hini a handsome income each
>ear. A Republican in politics, Mr. Call has always
taken a public-spirited interest in whatever concerned
the welfare of the community and for eight years
served as road supervisor during the term of H. S.
Hersman. He joined the Odd Fellows lodge in
Sonoma County and has always retained his aflilia-
tion with this order. A firm believer in co-operation,
he was one of the charter members of the California
Prune & Apricot Association.

MRS. OLLIE M. WILKES.— A woman who has
nobly done her part to build up and improve the
hotel business in Palo Alto, and who, as proprietress
of Hotel Palo Alto, has displayed much business
acumen in her efforts to give satisfaction and enjoy-
ment to her patrons, such a woman is Mrs. Ollic M.
Wilkes, who is a native of Wisconsin, having been
born at Milwaukee. Early in life she was deprived of
both parents and was adopted by Peter R. and Mar-
garet Wolf. Her foster-father has passed away, but
Mrs. Wolf resides with her at the Palo Alto Hotel,
now eight-five years old.

In 1896 she married Albert Balentine Wilkes, a
native of Clinton, Iowa, and that year they removed
to Seattle, Wash. Several years later they settled
in Sonoma County, Cal., and remained for four years;
then came to Palo Alto in 1915 and rented the Palo
Alto Hotel. Mr. Wilkes is at present engaged in
business in Texas, and Mrs. Wilkes manages the
hotel with the help of her son. Mr. and Mrs. Wilkes
are the parents of two children; Evan C. was in the
U. S. Navy as gunner's mate; Merna M. is the wife
of J. F. Van Drutcn, who is engaged in newspaper
circulation and movie promotion enterprises in Cal-
ifornia cities. They reside in Palo Alto and arc the
parents of one child, Margaret. Mrs. Wilkes was
brought up in the Episcopalian faith and takes an ac-
tive interest in philanthropic and patriotic work, being
past president of the Woman's Relief Corps of Palo
Alto. Before her marriage Mrs. Wilkes was the effi-
cient auditor for the A. W. Rich Company, large mer-
chants in Milwaukee, and this experience has enabled
her to carry forward her hotel business Avith thorough-
ness and faithfulness which have been the principal
elements of her success. The Palo Alto is the prmcipal
commercial hotel in the city and under her efficient
management is proving a decided success. Mrs.
Wilkes is a good example of what an American wo-
man can accomplish. Bright, interesting, and public-
spirited, she never loses an opportunity to speak a
good word for Palo Alto.

976

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

TOM CARDOZA.— A prominent and influential
resident of Santa Clara County is Tom Cardoza,
vice-president of the Palo Alto Dairy Company,
of 314 University Avenue, once active in the build-
ing world, hauling over one-half of the materials
required for the Stanford University structures. For
the past eight years he has been a leader in the
local dairy world, and in that role has done much
to advance California agricultural interests. He has
lived for thirty-six years in Palo Alto; and although
he himself had little or no opportunity to go to
school, he is affording his children the best of edu-
cational advantages, determined that they shall not
be handicapped as he has been. He was born in
the Island of Pico, in the Azores group, on De-
cember 23, 1863, the son of John Cardoza, a farmer,
who owned his farm, and Laura (Silva) Cardoza.
There were four children — three sons and a daugh-
ter— in the family; and Tom was the second in the
order of birth. He stayed at home until he was
seventeen, and then, setting sail from the balmy
islands, he landed at old Castle Garden on June
14, 1880. He came by rail to San Francisco, when
he was fourteen days in crossing the continent; and
for five years he worked as a teamster in Contra
Costa County.

He then came, as a young unmarried man, to
what is now Palo Alto, and for two years he worked
for Henry Scale, and thirty-five years ago he was
married to Miss Mary Silva, who passed away after
four A'cars of felicitous wedded life. Two children
had died within eleven months, and it was their
death that caused the demise, from a broken heart,
of the devoted mother. Thereafter Mr. Cardoza
took up contractmg for teamin,g, and hauled gravel,
rock and sand-gravel for building purposes in Palo
Alto. He also supplied road-building gravel. He
attended strictly to business, and it grew until he
had twenty-two teams. He also hauled furniture for
the boys' dormitory, for Encina Hall, also the old
Roblej' Hall, from the railway cars; and as he was
more than dependable, he never lacked for work.

Mr. Cardoza first became interested in dairying at
Palo Alto. He becaine financially interested in the
Palo Alto Creamery Company, now known as the
Palo Alto Dairy Companj', of which he is the prin-
cipal stockholder and vice-president, George Will-
iams of Manteca being the president. Among val-
uable city property, he owns two residences and sev-
eral lots; and he is also stockholder in the Palo Alto
Bank. The Palo Alto Dairy Company einploys five
workmen and a bookkeeper, and in its field it is one
of the most desirable of local enterprises.

Mr. Cordoza was married a second time on Feb-
ruary 29, 1892, when he chose for his wife Miss Anne
Andrade in San Leandro. Cal. They have had eleven
children, nine of whom are living. Alfred is a student
at Stanford University, and the others, Harry, Louisa,
A_nnie, I^aura, Josie, Eva, Effie and Elsie (twins), all
attractive and highly creditable children. Laura mar-
ried Charles Ross, and resides at Palo Alto. Louisa
married Tom Oatcs, resides in Bakcrsficld where he is
engaged in the laundry business. Mr. Cardoza resides
with his family at 760 Homer Avenue. He is a mem-
ber of the U. P. li. C. Societj', of which he was treas-
urer for many years, and he also belon.gs to the In-
dependent Order of Foresters. He prefers the plat-
forms of the Republican party, but be never allows

partisan politics to interfere with his doing what-
ever he can to endorse and forward the most com-
mendable local movements.

GEORGE F. MORELL.— A successful man who
always finds time to lend a hand, and generally a
very helpful one, to advance every worthy movement
in local affairs is George F. Morell, the genial man-
ager of the Palo Alto Times. Born at South Am-
herst, Mass., September 24, 1886, he is the son of
John Fowler Morell, born in Lenox, Mass., and
Alice (Cioodrich) Morell, a native of Stockbridge,
Mass. Both paternal and maternal grandparents re-
sided in Massachusetts. Prior to 1800 his maternal
ancestors were prominent in the life of Connecticut
settling there as early as 1630. His paternal ances-
tors were from Pennsylvania, locating there in 1756.
George Morell began his education in the grammar
schools of South Amherst and then entered the
Flushing high school in New York City, and was
graduated with the class of 1904; he then came out
to California and was a student of the Stanford Uni-
versity from 1905 to 1910. Upon completion of his
course at Stanford he became the advertising man-
ager of the Co-operative Land Company of San
Francisco and San Joaquin Valley, and in August,
1912, he was sent to Merced in the interest of this
company, in 1915 being made manager of their Mad-
era and Merced county colonization projects. He
also became interested in cattle raising and remained
in Merced until 1917.

The marriage of Mr. Morell occurred on August
19, 1911, and united him with Miss Athene brances
Bates, a daughter of Dr. Walter E. and Eudora
(Hart) Bates, and a resident of Davis, Cal., the
young people meeting at the Stanford University
where they were both students. Mr. Morell was a
resident of Merced at the beginning of the late war
and or.ganized a company of volunteers in April.
1917; he enlisted at the Presidio in San Francisco in
August, 1917, in the Reserve Officers Training Corps.
On November 27, 1917, he was commissioned first
lieutenant and was assigned to the Twentieth In-
fantry, and in August, 1918. he was commissioned
captain in the same regiment. During the time of
his residence in Merced he served as trustee of the
Union high school, \va.s secretary of the Merced
County Board of Forestry, and took a leading part
in many other civic enterprises. In June, 1919, he
purchased a controlling interest in the Times Pul)-
lishing Company of Palo Alto and is now manager of
that company and the Times. The Times has been
a daily at three different periods. Once for four
months, in 1895, under the direction of Tom Kemp;
next in 1902 for five months, and thirdly, since 1905
to the ijresent time In October, 1920, Mr. Morell
became a member of the executive staff of the Bank
of Palo Alto, and during 1920, 1921 and 1922 he
served as vice-president of the Chamber of Com-
luerce of Palo Alto. Mr. ?vIorell was the organizer
and first commander of Fremont Post No. 52, Amer-
ican Legion, at Palo Alto, and m 1920 was the chair-
man of the American Legion committee for the
F.ighth congressional district, also chairman of the
\\'elfare Fund conunittee of the American Legion
for Palo Alto Public Health Hospital. He is the
owner of ranch property- in Monterev, San Benito.

'['( )M CARDOZA

AXNE AXDRADE CARDoZA

HISTORY Oi' v^ANTA CLARA COUNTY

981

Madera, and Merct-d counties. A consistent wcirkcr
for higher civic standards, better citizensliip and
community advancement of ever\' sort. Air. Morell
was organizing chairman of the I'alo Aho Rotar\
Chib and the first vice-president of that organiza-
tion. He holds a commission in the Reserve Corjis
of tlie U. S. Army and is now captain, commanding
Company K of tlie ,.iPord Infantry, yist Division.

ANTONIO RIANDA— Among the successful
dairymen of tlie Gilroy district is Antonio Rianda,
who by hard work and a determination to succeed
has achieved his ambition and has become well-to-do.
He was born in Canton Ticino, Switzerland, Sep-
tember 25, 186S, the son of Antonio Rianda, also a
native of the same canton. His mother was Agnes
Leoni before her marriage, and she passed away
when her son Antonio was seven years old. Tlie
father left his home and went to South America and
from there came to California in 1849 and engaged
in mining, and finally returned to Switzerland and
spent tlie remainder of his days in his native canton.
In ISSl, Antonio Rianda, Jr., came to America, and
California, and located near Watsonville, where he
remained for five years and later engaged in farming
near Salinas and Soledad. In 1886, lie removed to
the James H. Ellis' place, near Gilroy, and conducted
a dairy business on shares successfully for eight
years. He manufactured butter and cheese at Fac-
tory No. 15 on this ranch.

The marriage of Mr. Rianda united him with Miss
Ellen Watson, born January 22, 1872, the daughter
of that early pioneer, Alexander Watson, a native
of Scotland, who was born October 6, 1834. When
he was a babe in arms he was brought by his parents
to the United States, and they first located in South
Carolina, then went to New York where Alexander
was reared and educated in Herkimer County. He
lived on a farm until 1859 when he started for Cali-
fornia via the Isthmus, and on his arrival here went
to work in the mines. In 1860 he came to Santa
Clara County and was employed as a dairyman for
several years; in 1868 he purchased an interest in a
ranch, but this was subdivided in 1871. He married
Lavina Bryan, a native of California, and they were
the parents of three children: Ellen, Mrs. Rianda;
Martha, Mrs. Linderleaf; and Alexander.

Mr. and Mrs. Rianda are the parents of four child-
ren: Roy, served twenty-two months in the U. S.
Army overseas in the engineers corps, and is now a
rancher near Gilroy; George, enlisted in the army
durin.g the late war and served three months at a
training camp; Harry, was ready to go when the
armistice was signed, and is at home; and Elsie G., a
stenographer at Gilroy. These children were born,
reared and educated in Gilroy township. Mr. Rianda
became a citizen of the United States in 1887, receiv-
ing his papers in Judge Lorigan's court. In politics
he is a liberal Republican. He has been a member
of the Swiss Benevolent Society since 1887, and an
Odd Fellow since 1888. In 1894 he purchased forty-
eight acres of land in the Watson subdivision. His
home place now consists of ninety acres, making a
fine, highly cultivated ranch and dairy farm. He also
owns 195 acres of range and hill land. With the help
of his sons he has conducted a dairy since 1894. He
was one of the original stockholders of the First
National Bank of Gilroy, now known as the Gilroy

llrancli ol Garihn City Bank and Trust Company,
and he is also .'i stockholder in the Hank of Italy, Gil-
roy Branch.

ROBERT WALKER.— In the passing of Robert
Walker, Santa Clara County lost one of her most
progressive citizens who, during his long residence
here, did his full share in bringing about the won-
derful transformation that has made the Santa Clara
\'alley one of the garden spots of the United States.
Mr. Walker was l)orii in Hamilton, Ontario, Can.,
September 15, 1842, the son of John and Ann (Mc-
intosh) Walker, the former Ijorn in Edinburgh,
while Mrs. Walker was a native of the Highlands of
Scotland. When a young man he crossed the ocean
to America, locating at Montreal, Canada, where he
was married, and from there removed to Ancaster
Township, near Hamilton, being one of the pioneers
of that district. He passed away in 1885, his widow-
surviving him several years, passing away at the age
of ninety years.

One of a family of eight children, Robert Walker
remained at home until he was twenty years old,
and in 1862 he left on the long journey to California
via the Isthmus of Panama. On reaching San Fran-
cisco he left by the next steamer for Victoria, British
Columbia, and in 1863 he went inland to the Caribou
gold mines, near the Eraser river, and nearly 400
miles from Victoria. Here he remained until the fall
of 1865, when he returned to San Francisco, and in
the following spring he made another trip to British
Columbia, this time engaging in mining at Big Bend,
on the Columbia River. Not finding the mines profit-
able, however, he returned to California and settled
in Monterey County, where he farmed for three
years. In 1871 Mr. Walker came to Santa Clara
County and purchased land on the Los Gatos and
San Jose road, and there he built a country home
that was one of the well-known landmarks of that
part of the country. He added to his holdings until
he had over 400 acres, and through his capable super-
\'ision it became a very valuable property. A leader
in the financial life of the community, he was a
director of the Bank of Los Gatos and of the Los
Gatos Fruit Packing Company.

While living in Monterey County, Mr. Walker was
married to Miss Eliza Jane Parr, a native of Santa
Clara County and the daughter of Jonathan and
Eliza (Lowe) Parr, both born in England and pio-
neers of California coming across the plains in 1846.
Jonathan Parr became owner of 3000 acres on both
sides of Los Gatos creek, and here they both died.
Mrs. Eliza (Parr) Walker died in October, 1893, the
mother of three children, Leslie R., deceased, Mj-rflc,
and Vivian C, deceased. Myrtle Walker, the onh-
cliild living, became the wife of Frank A. Johnson,
and two children were born to them: Robert P.,
who was in the V. S. service for eighteen months
durin.g the World War, and Alice A. Mr. Johnson
passed away in 1900 and Mrs. Johnson still makes
her home on her ranch near Los Gatos. Prominent
in the fraternal circles of his days, Robert Walker
became a member of the Odd I'ellows in 1888, and
he was for many years a member of the Ancient
Order of United Workmen He passed awa^' in
October, 1900, closing a life full of kindly deeds, and
in which success had come as a reward of his integ-
rity and upright spirit

982

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

FRANK ALLEN GUSHING.— Business inter-
ests in Los Gatos find an enterprising representative
in Franl< Allen Gushing, who for the past fourteen
years has here engaged in contracting teaming and
he is also the owner of a blacksmith shop, display-
ing sound judgment and capability in the conduct of
his affairs. A native of Iowa, he \vas born at Red-
ding, March 1, 1876, and his parents were Benjamin
and Addie (Allen) Gushing. The father became the
owner of a stock ranch in South Dakota and in 1890
he came to Galifornia. \vhere he continued to follow
his chosen occupation on a ranch at the Summit in
Santa Gruz Gounty until his demise, which occurred
on luly 4, 1917, while the mother had passed away
in 1880 in Illinois. Of their three children, two girls
and one boy, Frank Allen is the second oldest.

Frank Allen Gushing acquired a public school
education in South Dakota and at Austin Gorners
district school in Santa Clara County, but quit school
to assist his father in the operation of the home farm
until he was sixteen years of age, when he started out
m the world on his own account. He began work
for Mr. Sabin on the Tip Top Ranch driving a
team; then with R. R. Bell of Los Gatos in the
same work; then for others until 1903 when he bought
a six-mule team and outfit at Boulder Greek and
teamed for one year. In August, 1904, he came to
Los Gatos, where he engaged in teaming, purchasing
more teams, which he used in hauling lumber and
other commodities from the mountains. His busi-
ness has developed with the passing years and he
now uses thirty-two head of horses and furnishes
employment to from four to ten men. He takes
contracts for hauling and does all kinds of excavating,
road building, etc., in addition to which he is the
owner of a blacksmith shop, and in both lines of
activity success has rewarded his efforts. He owns
a residence at 120 Santa Gruz Avenue where he re-
sides with his family. He still owns the old ranch in
the Santa Gruz Mountains.

In Los Gatos, Mr. Gushing married Miss Dora
Hensley, one of California's native daughters from
Porterville, a daughter of William and Phoebe Hen-
sley, pioneers of Tulare Gounty. William Hensley
came to Galifornia across the plains with an ox-
team, and subsequently he crossed the plains twice.
Fie has passed away, but his widow is still living,
hale and hearty, at Los Gatos. Mr. and Mrs. Gush-
ing are the parents of two children: Ben is associ-
ated with his father in business, and Pearl is the
wife of John Panighctti of Los Gatos. There is
one grandchild, Allen Carlos Panighetti. Mr. Gush-
ing gives his political allegiance to the Republican
party. He has led an active and useful life, employ-
ing every opportunity to advance, and is accounted
one of the public-spirited men of his community.

SAN JOSE MERCURY HERALD.— The history
of the San Jose Mercury Herald starts on June 20,
1851, with the publication of the Weekly Visitor, which
in August, 1852, was changed to the Register. In
1853, F. B. Murdock procured control of the weekly,
changed its name to the San Jose Telegraph, and as
such it continued to appear until 1860, when it was
merged into the Telegraph and Mercury, ac(|uired by
William N. Slocum, wlio soon dropped the word
Telegraph, and called it the San Jose Weekly Mer-
cury, and the Mercury it has been ever since. In the
spring of the following year, 1861, J. J. Owen ac-

<|uired control of the paper, and from then until
1884, when it was purchased by the late Charles M.
Shortridge, the history of the paper and the name
of J. J. Owen are inseparably linked. Dreamer, vis-
ionary, poet, "fort}' years ahead of his time," as he
was declared to be, the influence wielded by him,
through the columns of the Weekly Mercury from
1861 to 1871, and the Daily Mercury for the thirteen
years following, in the growth and upbuilding of San
Jose and Santa Clara Gounty, can truthfully be
said to be without parallel.

For three months after November 5, 1861 — the date
of its first appearance — the Daily Mercury was dis-
tributed, but on February 2, 1862, under an editorial
headed Our Brief Candle, Owen advised his readers
that publication would be suspended. Nine years later,
in August of 1869, under the co-management of
1. J. Conmy, the Daily Mercury again made its ap-
pearance. In March of 1871, Cottle again became
Owen's partner. The two purchased the Guide and
the Independent, merged their three newspaper prop-
erties into a daily, and the San Jose Daily Mercury
for the third time resumed publication. From that
time publication has been continuous.

Of outstanding importance in the first issue of the
Daily Mercury (1861) is J. J. Owen's declaration of
the policy of the paper, a simple, straightforward ex-
pression of a journalistic ideal of the highest order
that more than anything else explains the survival
of the Mercury through long years of struggle and
disappointment. "We do not expect to please all,"
Owen wrote. "Our minds are differently consti-
tuted, and we cannot all see alike. Upon questions
of public policy we shall express our views fearlessly,
advocating only what we believe to be right, regard-
less of consequences." The first Daily Mercury lived
but three months, but the declaration of policy enun-
ciated in th(( first issue has lived to this day.

Much could be written of the gifted men who have
at different times been members of the staff of the
Mercury. Of those none has gone farther in jour-
nalism than John McNaught, who did some of the
best work of his career in the column known as
"Random Notes." At one time secretary to Joseph
Pulitzer, he later became a director in the Pulitzer
School of Journalism and chief editorial writer for
the New York World. Others who have since made
names for themselves in various professions are H.
S. l'"oote, to whom the county is indebted for an
earlier history; Judge John E. Richards, who was
chief editorial writer for six years and contributor of
special articles; Madge Morris Waggoner, one of
our most graceful California poets; Eu.gene T. Saw-
yer; W. C. Morrow; Walter R. Rutherford; John T.
Wallace; Dr. E. A. Clark; Ernest Simpson; John,
Charles and Guv Milnes; Charles N. Kirkbride,
Charles South, Cl'ifford J. Owen; Charles P. Owen;
Gerald Beaumont; James Fellom; Ralph Coykendall;
Judge David Belden, and many, many more.

I'or the fifteen years following 1884, it was Charles
M. Shortridge, brother of Senator Samuel M. Short-
ridge, who guided the destiny of the Mercury. ^ Serv-
ing first as an errand boy, he continued with the
paper for seven years, leaving it to enter the real
estate business. At the age of twenty-eight, aided
by business men who had faith in his ability as a
journalist, he purchased the San Jose "Times." This

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.ARA COUNTY

985

WHS ill 1883. Tho foUou iuy year he acquire J a con-
trolling interest in the stock of the Mercury. He
consolidated tlie two papers into the Times-Mercury,
and in 1885, after an unsuccessful attempt by W. A.
Taylor to purchase the paper, it became again the
Mercury, still under the ownersliip of Shortridge.
Although worth considerably less than $10,000 at tlie
time lie acquired it, Shortridge so daringly and ten-
aciously pushed the paper forward, aided b\' a ra|)-
idly growing communit\-, that late in the '90s he
was able to dispose of it for $100,000 to an associa-
tion of San Jose business men headed by Clarence
Wooster and W. H. Wright. Alfred Holman, now
editor and owner of the San Francisco Argonaut,
was taken into the association, soon acquired a con-
trolling interest, and published the paper until its
purchase in 1901 by E. A. and J. O. Haj^es, the pres-
ent owners. About Christmas time of the preceding
year, the Herald, an afternoon paper, then "on the
rocks" so high and dry that it had not issued a
paper for several weeks, had been acquired by the
new Mercury owners, who continued to publish both
the Morning Mercury and the Evening Herald until
November 1, 1913, when the Herald made its last
appearance, being merged with the Mercury into
the San Jose Mercury Herald.

The acquisition of the Mercury by E. A. and J.
O. Hayes may rightly be said to mark the new. order
of things in the local journalistic field. The day of
the eight-page morning daily for Santa Clara County
was gone forever. A new press was purchased, new
equipment was added to the mechanical department,
an engraving department was installed, new features
were added to the paper, and under the managing
editorship of E. K. Johnston the San Jose Mercurjr
Herald soon became the equal of the newspapers of
which other and larger cities had long boasted. To-
day, after sixty-one years of publication, reaching
over 16,000 subscribers dailj', the San Jose Mercury
Herald stands a living and ever-growing monument
to those pioneers who, through its columns, did so
much for the upbuilding of the Santa Clara Valley.
It continues a fitting tribute, not only to the efforts
of those who brought it into being and guided it
through the years, but to the principles with which
it was imbued and for which it has always consist-
ently stood. From the date of its inception the Mer-
cury Herald has been loyally Republican.

THE STANFORD BANK.— This well known fin-
ancial institution was incorporated December 30,
1904, under the title Mayfield Bank and Trust Co.
Among the incorporators of the firm were George R.
Parkinson, J. J. Morris and Joseph Hutchinson of
Palo Alto, and Alexander Peers, Joseph P. Ponce and
Leonard Distel of Mayfield, all local pioneers. The
bank was first located in the Bracchi Building, on
Mayfield's main street. It remained there until 1908,
when it moved into its new modern bank building
at the corner of the State highway and Lincoln
avenue, Mayfield. This is now known as the May-
field branch of The Stanford Bank. The building is
one of the most up-to-date, country bank buildings
in the state. In 1911 the name was changed to The
Mayfield Bank, From January, 1909, to June, 1918, the
officers were Edward C. Ellet, president, and his son,
Charles Ellet, cashier. In 1918, Edward C. Ellet

retired, and Charles Ellet, who is still tlie cashier of
The Stanford Bank, seeing the great growth and de-
\el(ipiiient in tlie City of Palo Alto, completely
reorganized the old Mayfield Bank. This was done
b\' increasing the capital, changing the name to The
Stanford Bank, and changing the principal place of
business from Mayfield to Palo Alto. The old May-
field Bank was retained as a branch of the new
and enlarged institution. When organizing the Stan-
ford Bank, in 1918, Charles Ellet sent for and was
joined by his brother, Alfred W. Ellet, then deputy
bank commissioner of the state of Kansas, who has
since served as vice-president.

The Stanford Bank is planning soon to increase
its capitalization. The present capitalization is $50,-
000. This bank has already passed the half-million
mark in assets and is growing very fast. The officers
and directors are as follows. Officers — Dr. Carl G.
Wilson, president; A. W. Ellet, vice-president;
Charles Ellet, cashier and treasurer; C. C. Baugli-
man, assistant cashier.

Directors — Dr. Carl G. Wilson, Elmer J. Worth,
Dr. W. H. Ketchum, Royal T. Heath, Dr. R. G.
Reynolds, Charles Ellet and A. W. Ellet. The names
of employes include also Owen J, Jones, head teller;
W. H. Rowe, second teller; Miss Marie La Brant
and Miss Maree Collins in Palo Alto and C. C.
Baughman and Miss Alary McGinty in Mayfield.

A total investment of $33,000 is represented in the
remodeling of the building and purchase and instal-
lation of equipment for The Stanford Bank at the
new location, corner of University Avenue and High
Street, w'here the bank will transact business here-
after. The bank occupies a space 25x100 feet, the
larger frontage being on High Street. The building
conforms in both the lines of architecture and buff
sandstone material used, to the plan of the Stanford
LIniversity buildings and is said to be the first bank
to employ the Romanesque lines in its building and
interior decorations.

The work has been executed under the supervision
of Mr. A. F. Roller, manager of the bank planning
division of the firm of M. G. West & Coijipany, re-
nowned bank architect specialists of San Francisco.
The wood work is in cathedral oak. While designed
to give every convenience to patrons, officials and
employes, the ornamental effects are strikingly beau-
tiful and original. Credit for the employment of the
stjde as well as the organization and naming of the
bank itself is due Mr. Charles Ellet, who, as cashier,
divides his time between the head office in Palo Alto
and the Mayfield branch.

The floor of the bank is ornamental tile. The
fixtures, including the screen and walls of the lobby,
are of San Saba marble to a height of three and one-
half feet. The top screen has been executed in ca-
thedral oak. Carved standards and rails of the screen
are richly decorated in polychrome. On each stand-
ard is mounted a globe of the earth, each bearing an
inscription pertaining to some specific field in the
domain of arts, science, industry and religion.

On June 3, 1922, this bank held its opening. The
visitors were entertained In- music and refreshments
and were shown through the building with its many
comforts, conveniences and safeguards, including the
safety deposit vault guarded by a door weighing four

986

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

tons, and is fire, drill and acetylene-torch proof. Its
present outlook presages a great future growth and
stability for its business atTairs, in the conduct of
which service, efficiency and courteous treatment
enter into every transaction.

J. BYRON BLOIS.— An interesting self-made
man who is a master of the laundering industry and
the director of the most important enterprise in that
field in Palo Alto, is J. Byron Blois, manager of
the Stanford Laundry, and prominent in Alasonic
circles. He was born at Glenwood, Cal., on August
1, 1884, the son of a farmer, James Blois, a native
of Nova Scotia, where he married Miss Elizabeth
Lively, also of that Down East coast country. They
migrated to California soon after their marriage, and
came to have ten children, eight of whom are still
living. From his third month our subject, who
was the sixth in the order of birth, grew up on his
father's farm near San Jose, and he attended the
public school in the Orchard district. He also went
to the San Jose Business College, where he took a
commercial course, graduating in June, 190O, and
then he became assistant bookkeeper in the Red Star
Laundry at San Jose. Four years later he entered
the laundry proper as a laundry worker in order to
learn the operating end of the business, and thus
acquired a thorough knowledge of all the ins and
outs of the business.

In 1906 he became the outside representative, and
had charge of all the territory in Santa Clara County
north of the city of Santa Clara, including Sunny-
vale, Mountain View. Los Gatos, Mayfield, Stan-
ford University and Palo Alto, the business requir-
ing four autos to take care of it.

In the meantime, havin,g become well acquainted
with J. B. Leaman, Sr., and J. B. Leaman, Jr., he
formed a partnership with the latter, and as Blois &
Leaman bought out the Stanford Laundry, formerly
owned by Fairfield & Schutte; and under the excel-
lent management of Mr. Blois, this laundry has come
to be strictly up to date. It is excellently lighted,
clean and sanitary, and so arranged that all its busi-
ness is transacted with safety and dispatch. It has
four autOidelivery wagons, and improvements are be-
ing made in its outfit right along. Two new flat-
work ironers of most up-to-date design have recently
been installed, the larger alone costing some $6,000.
Three new thoroughly modern washing machines and
one extractor have also been put in, and a $5,000
water softener system has been installed. The laundry
also has good first-aid facilities. "Quality and Ser-
vice" is the motto of the Stanford Laundry, and they
have never failed, as practical ideals, to be realized.
Mr. Blois is secretary of the Laundry Owners' Club
of Santa Clara County, and an active member of the
state and national Laundry Owners' Associations.
The present firm own the property at the corner of
Forest Avenue and Ramona Street and it is especially
adapted for laimdry use.

Mr. Blois was married in 1905 to Miss Pearl M.
Smith, born in South Dakota, of whom he \vas be-
reaved in April, 1910, the mother of one son, Robert
Byron, He was married again at San Jose in Octo-
ber, 1911, to Miss Edna May Torbert, of Woodland,
where her peojjle are members of the oldest and most
esteemed circles. This union has been blessed W'ith
three children: Molly Julietta and Edward James,
twins, and Betty May. The family reside in their

own home on Middlefield Road, Palo Alto. Mr,
Blois is a member of the Palo Alto Parlor N. S. G. W.
Both husband and wife belong to the Grace Baptist
Church at San Jose, and also to the Eastern Star at
Palo Alto, in which Mrs. Blois is chaplain. Mr.
Blois was made a Mason in San Jose Lodge No. 10
F. & A. M., later admitted to Palo Alto Lodge No.
346, F. & A. M. He is a member of Palo Alto Chap-
ter No. 93, R. A. M. and of Palo AUo Command-
ery No. 47, K. T., as well as all the bodies of the
Scottish Rite at San Jose, Islam Temple, A. A. O. N.
M. S. San Francisco and the Stanford University
Masonic Club. He is a member director in the Palo
Alto Chamber of Commerce and the Rotary Club.
He organized the Pyramid of Ancient Egyptian Order
of Sciots in Palo Alto on January 26, 1921, and was
made its first Toparch; and on September 16, 1921,
he was elected for another year.

DR. ALFRED ROYCE TOMKIN.— For many
years a leading and influential citizen of San Jose, his
activity in business affairs and his co-operation in
public interests kept Dr. Alfred Royce Tomkin in
the foremost rank of those to whom the city owes
its development. His life was characterized by up-
right, honorable principles, and it also exemplified
the truth of the Emersonian philosophy that "The
way to win a friend is to be one." His genial kindly
manner won him the regard and good Avill of ?11
with whom he came in contact, and thus his death
was uniformly mourned throughout San Jose and the
surrounding district. Dr. Tomkin was born in With-
am, Essex County, England, June 7, 1826, a son of
Dr. Thomas M. Tomkin, a graduate of the College of
Physicians and Surgeons, in London, England. Dur-
ing his lifetime he practiced medicine, and instituted
a private insane asylum, besides being much engaged
in medical literature, writing for the Lancet and other
medical journals. He passed away in 1858. The
mother of our subject was a Miss Eleanor Royce, a
native of Essex County. She passed away in 1868.

Alfred Royce Tomkin attended the Merchant Tai-
lors' School, then in Suffolk Street, London, for seven
or eight years, passing the usual examinations. On
March 13, 1849, he embarked on the St. George, and
sailed around the Horn to California, the trip occu-
pying seven months, one of which was spent in \ al-
paraiso. He reached San Francisco on October 13.
and, storing the goods he had brought with him, like
all newcomers at that time, started immediately for
the mines. After digging a little gold at Mud Springs,
he was taken sick, and returned to San i'Tancisco.
only to find that his goods had been destroyed by
fire, leaving him absolutely without means. He later
received a remittance from England and opened a
drug store in Santa Clara in 1854. He remained
there sixteen years, and then removed to San Jose,
where he resided until his death. In 1887 he was
elected coroner and public administrator of Santa
Clara County and reelected to the office, which oflice
he held at the time of his death. July 25, 1891, about
the close of his second term.

In 1858 he was united in marriage to Miss Martha
1'". Forbes, the eldest daughter of James Alexander
Forbes, wdio came to this country from Edinburgh.
Scotland, in an early day, and was British consul dur-
ing the Mexican occupancy of California, before it
was ceded to the United States. Mrs. Tomkin

67

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.AKA COUNTY

989

passed away in 1875. They were the parents of seven
children: Alfred Forbes Tomkin of San Jose; Charles
Tomkin of San Francisco; Mrs. Eleanor Cunningham
of Saratoga; Thomas P. Tomkin of San Jose; Mrs
Anna AI. Maynard of San Jose; Mrs. Martha Dassell,
died at Morgan Hill in 1921; and Mrs. Clara B. Tur-
ner, died in San Francisco, ^^'hilc Dr. Tomkin estab-
lished a good business it was not his success alone
that won for him the respect and Iriendship of his
fellownien, but his high character and his e.\emiilibca-
tion of honorable, manly principles.

BENJAMIN FRANK WESTON.— A native of
Maine, Benjamin b'rank Weston was descended from
a long line of New Fngland ancestors, his grand-
father. Joseph Weston, having come from Massa-
chcusetts to Madison. Maine, as its first settler.
On his mother's side, the lineage goes back to
Stephen Hopkins, who came to i'lymoutb, Mass.,
on the Mayflower in 1620. The second son of Col.
William Weston, he was born at North Anson, Maine,
December 3, 1849. Prior to the Civil War, with the
movement of the logging and lumber business to the
Great Lakes, he accompanied his parents to Mil-
waukee, Wis. He was educated in the public schools
and at Northwestern University-, Evanston, 111., be-
ing a member of the Phi Kappa Psi. With his
father and older brother he was successfully en-
gaged in lumbering and banking in Michigan and
also had large lumber interests in W'iscousin.

At the time of his marriage in 1883 Mr. Weston
came to California and for many years made his
home in Oakland and Berkeley. He was a man of
wide business interests, owning valuable pine lands
m Calaveras and Tuolumne counties, and was a
director of the North Coast Steamship Company-.
In 1886 he bought the orchard property now known
as Weston Place, near Santa Clara, which under his
supervision became the most valuable Bartlett pear
orchard of its size in the state. He was a prominent
Knights Templar Mason in Muskegon, Mich., and
at the time of his death, September 1, 1916, he was
a member of Oakland Commandery, K. T. He was
survived by his wife, Abbie M. (Bunker) Weston,
and three children, William Bunker Weston, Samuel
Hopkins Weston and Helen Gould Weston. A man
of unblemished reputation, Mr. Weston was just and
.generous, standing high in the eominunity.

IRVING P. VANDERVOORT.— The son of a

pioneer of 1850, Irving P. \'andervoort, secretary
and treasurer of the Palo Alto Transfer and Storage
Company, has spent all his life in the Golden State.
His father, G. J. Vandervoort, was born at Belle-
ville, Canada, near Toronto, came to California in the
'50s, where he engaged in farming at Sunol and also
taught the Centerville school in Alameda County. He
was married at Centerville to Miss Eliza Proctor,
born in Illinois, and they became the parents of
eight children: Mrs. T. M. Fuller of Palo Alto; J. E.,
Chevrolet agent at Tracy, Cal.; S. M., of the firm of
Fuller & Company, grocers at Palo Alto; W. S.,
rancher and mechanic of Palo Alto; Edward T., of
Palo Alto; Irving P., of this review; Mrs. F. S. Allen,
of Palo Alto; Mrs. G. F. Brown, of Palo Alto. The
father passed away in Palo Alto in 1903, aged sixty-
three, and Mrs. Vandervoort still maintains the fam-
dy home at 241 Hawthorne Avenue, where she re-
sides with her son, Irving.

Forn m i.ebru:u-y 18, 1877, in Alameda County
iivuig 1'. Vandervoort spent his early years on his
lathers larm there, Avhere wheat and barley were
grown on a large scale, and he had a thorough train-
ing iii ranch life, becoming an excellent horseman
In 1,S),S he came to Palo Alto and for the next four
,^-ear^ w.is with the hrm of Fuller e^ Company gro-
cer.s there, lie then became interested m the trans-
fer busine.ss ^vlth Charles Mosher, who is now a prom-
inent buildmg contractor of Eos Gatos. Mr. Mosher
laid the foundations of the present transfer business
as tar back as the '90s, using eighteen head of horses
on Ins wagons, drays and trucks. The Palo Alto
iraiister ,t .Storage Company, an outgrowth of this
Inismess. was incorporated m VJU. ^vlth a capitaliza-
tion o^f ,^20,000, and their offices are located at Ul
Ihe Lirele Palo Alto. The officers of the company
are H. H. Vandervoort, president; I. P. Vandervoort
secretary and treasurer; Joe Silvev, vice-president'
ihe company put on its first motor truck m 1914
and they now own and operate three Alack trucks of
two and a halt tons each, and two one-ton Ford
(rucks. I his company specializes in the transfer and
storage, packing and shipping of household goods
pianos and baggage, and in addition to their local
business, they handle a large volume of moving to
and from San Jose, Oakland and Fresno. They have
several storage warehouses in Palo Alto, including the
large, two-story reinforced concrete warehouse
erected m 1919 at 165 Homer Avenue. The Vander-
\-oort family have for many years been devoted mem-
bers ol the Episcopal Church and Mr. Vandervoort
subscribes to the creeds of that denomination In
politics he has always been a stanch Republican.

EDWARD RECORD MAZE.-One of the most
successful and painstaking farmers in the Gilrov
precinct is Edward Record Maze, a native Califor-
nian who was born at Saratoga on February 4, 1856
The father, Spencer M. Maze, was a Kentuckian and
IS mentioned on another page of this book. Edward
attended the public schools of Gilroy and the Mc-
Clure Alilitary Academy at Oakland, and all his life
he has lived on the home ranch. On July 8, 1886, he
was married to Miss Virginia Strange, a daughter of
Edward MacGruder Strange, a native of Virginia
who came to California and mined for a short time
at Murphys Camp. He was a graduate in law of the
L'niversity of ^■irginia and practiced a short time in
California, passing away in 1887. He was married in
California to Emmeline H. Whitney, born in Wis-
consin, who came with her parents across the plains
in 1851 and located in Calaveras County, where she
was married and where her four children \verc born,
namely: Maria S. Reeve, of Gilroy; F:dward W., of
San Francisco; Virginia S., Mrs. Maze; and Helen
Strange Block, of Arizona. Mrs. Strange is still liv-
ing, aged eighty-five, making her home in Gilroy.

Air. and Airs. Maze are the parents of four chil-
dren; Irwin Strange married Aliss Adele Henry, a
graduate of the L'niversity of California, and they
reside at Oak Park, III; he graduated from the
Davey School of Tree Surgery at Kent, Ohio, and is
following that profession, and was at Camp Sherman
during the war; Winnifred Beriiice, is the wife of
J. W. Burchell, and they reside at Walnut Grove,
Cal., and have two children, Elton Spencer and Win-
nifred B.; Virginia, is the wife of J. W. Parmelee,
residing at Gilroy; Spencer AT, who served three

990

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

months in the S. A. T. C. at Berkeley, is a rancher,
residing at home. In national pohtics Mr. Maze is a
Republican, and fraternally a member of the Odd
Fellows since 1885 and a past grand officer and
delegate to the Grand Lodge. His many qualities
have placed him among those upon whom a com-
munity depends for its substantial support.

DR. LA FOREST E. PHILLIPS.— A scholarly,
expert surgeon of high scientific attainments, whose
distinguished services in the cause of suft'ering and
imperiled humanity — particularly during the recent
crisis incidental to the epidemic of the influenza —
have conferred an enviable lustre upon Palo Alto, the
scene of his conscientious labors, is Dr. La Forest
E. Phillips, the widel\--known physician and surgeon
whose splendidly-equipped offices are at 172 Univer-
sity Avenue, while his handsome residence is at 3i7
Hamilton Street, f-fc was born at Surry, Hancock
County, Maine, on March 7, 1876, the son of R. F.
Phillips, who is happily still living, retired, at 2526
Hilligas Avenue, Berkeley. Fie was long a lumber-
man, activel)- and extensively engaged in that in-
dustry- in both Maine and California, and he married
Miss Mary Frances Caspar of the same place, both
Mr. and Mrs. Phillips comin.g from very old New
England families, long established in Maine. The
Phillips family is of Welsh origin, and their hardi-
hood is attested by the fact that there has not been
a death in the circle for the past fifty years. Dr.
Phillips has two brothers and two sisters. Agnes
has become the wife of J. O. Davenport, a pioneer
of Monterey and a member of the Davenport family
hailing from Massachusetts, where for generations
they were prominent whalers. They sailed around
the Horn and came to California and Monterey in
early days; and settling in California identified
themselves with important industries. Mr. Daven-
port is at present in the lumber trade at San Fran-
ci-co. A. R. Phillips is in the automobile business
at Oakland. La Forest Ethelbert Phillips is the
subject of this review. Rodney Forseth Phillips,
Jr., is also in the automobile trade, in San Fran-
cisco. Julia Josephine is the wife of Dr. Clarence
I-'age of Berkeley.

In 1878, La Forest Phillips came out to California
with his parents and settled in Mendocino County,
where his father entered upon what was to prove an
engagement of forty years as a very trusted employee
with the L. E. White Lumber Company; and our
subject grew up in Mendocino County, at Fort
Bragg, later removing with the rest of his folks to
Point Arenas. He attended the local schools, and in
1895 was graduated from the Mendocino high school.
Then he took up serious study at the Cooper Pre-
Medical School and prepared to enter the regular
departinent, and having matriculated at the Cooper
Medical College, of San Francisco, he was graduated
with the class of '99, and is now an alumnus of the
Medical Department of Stanford University.

Upon graduating, he accepted an internship as a
house physician and surgeon in the San Francisco
Hospital in 1901. and he then went to Jackson. Am-
ador County, and hung out his shingle. During the
World War, he volunteered to give his medical ser-
vices, and he was in line for appointment to a respon-
sible post; but the armistice interfered before the
Government could call upon him. Now, having set-
tled at this important center of scientific investiga-

tion and practice. Dr. Phillips does a general surgical
and medical service, and gives his whole time and
attention to the best and lasting interests of those en-
trusting their difficulties to him. During the awful
epidemic of influenza. Dr. Phillips had no less than
125 cases under his immediate charge, and he won the
enviable distinction, as one of the most successful
doctors in California, of bringing almost all his pa-
tients safely through. He has a beautiful suite of
offices and there, with every facility that could be de-
sired, treats minor surgical cases. For major opera-
tions, however, he takes his patients to the Palo Alto
Hospital. Naturally, on account of his high stand-
ing. Dr. Phillips is frequently called upon to consult
«'ith other physicians of eminent standing.

At San F"rancisco, on July 25, 1901, Dr. Phillips
was married to Miss Bella Pierce, a native of San
Francisco, and the daughter of the late Samuel T.
Pierce, well-known San Francisco contractor and
builder; and their home-life has been brightened
through the gift of four children, each already speak-
ing for itself in the world. Frances took a course in
the r-'re-Medical School at Stanford and is married
to C. M. Jenks, a Stanford graduate, and resides at
Merced; and La Forest, Jr., who is a student at
Stanford University in the Pre-Medical Department.
Alberta I. is in the Castellija School at Palo Alto,
and Rodney Pierce is a pupil in the William War-
ren Military Academy at the same place. Of ex-
ceptionally bright mind, and a kind, considerate and
helpful disposition, imbued with high ideals as to the
conscientious performance of professional duty, Dr.
Phillips has won the high regard of his fellow-citi-
zens, while his accomplished wife and wide-awake
children are justly popular and real favorites in Palo
.-Mto and in Stanford University.

CHARLES H. PIERCE.— A popular city official
of Gilroy, who is also a live-wire in the local Cham-
ber of Commerce, is Charles H. Pierce, the chief
of the (jilroy h'ire Department, a native of Santa
Cruz. He was born on July 15, 1871, when he en-
tered the family of Henry and Martha (Liebbrandt)
Pierce, citizens of Santa Cruz since 1850 and both
now deceased. When only thirteen years of age,
Charles was thrown upon his own resources; and
then he entered the employ of Peter Branigan and
worked for him in his blacksmith shop at Plato,
in Monterey County. Having served his apprentice-
ship, he established himself with his first shop at
Alma, when he was t\venty-nine years old and hav-
ing had valuable experience, in part, some years be-
fore, as a tool dresser for oil-well boring in that
locality, he did not want for patronage. When he
came to Gilroy, therefore, in 1915, after having had
a forge at Plato, he opened a very modern shop; and
such has been his success and growth that he em-
ploys seven men and in rush times even more. While
a resident of Alma Station, Mr. Pierce was a deputy
county constable, clerk and fish and game warden,
and also school director, for fourteen years; and at
a meeting of the board of fire delegates, in 1921, he
was nominated chief of the Gilroy Fire Department,
with William Radtkc as first assistant, and Gus
Cruse as second assistant, and as there was no oppo-
sition, the election ensuing was a matter of form.

At San Jose Mr. Pierce was married to Miss Ar-
milda Frances M inter, who was reared in the Santa
Clara Valley; and their union has been blessed

HISTORY UF SANTA CUAKA COUNTY

991

through the birth of ten children. Martha married
Carl Weppner, an expert mechanic, and they reside
with their four children at Gilroy. Henry, A\ho
served in the World War, is a rancher and an or-
chardist living near C.ilroy. Jessie's husband, Wes-
ley McCandlcs, is a garage owner at tlilroy. Maude
is the wife of Reginald Hollowa\-, an expert me-
chanic and the garage owner at Gilroy. Bertha.
the sixth in order of birth (after the daughter who
died in infancy), assists her father in his business:
and George, Roy, Albert and Leslie are still busy
with their school books. Mr. Pierce owns the de-
sirable property at the corner of Second and Mon-
terey streets. He belongs to the Masons, is an Odd
Fellow, a member of the Woodmen of the World,
and in national political affairs, he is a Democrat.

ALFRED BREED POST.— An experienced tui-
ancier of highest ideals, admirable integrity and en-
viable executive force, is Alfred Breed Post, for many
years one of the pillars of the Garden City Bank
of San Jose, and now the efficient and accommodat-
ing cashier of the bank of San Jose. He was born
at Santa Clara, Cal., on February 4. 1873, the son
of Alfred Breed Post, who came to California in
1870 from Indiana, where he was born at Logansport.
His mother was a Breed, a descendant of the Breed
family after whom Breed's Hill, the site of the his-
toric Bunker Hill, was named. Another ancestor
was Stephen Post, the founder of Hartford, Conn.,
both the Posts and Breeds being leading Eastern
families. The Breeds fought at Ticonderoga, with
Ethan Allen, while the Posts fought under General
Washington in the Revolutionary War. The Posts
and Breeds were Puritans, and therefore of English
origin, although in 1056 the Posts came to England
from Holland, having descended from Baron von
Post. Thus the Post family existed in England for
more than 400 years. They migrated to the Bay
Colony in Massacheusetts, and from there went to
Vermont, New Hampshire and New York, and thence
moved westward.

The mother of Alfred Post was Adelaide Holmes,
and she was born near Janesville, Wis., where our
subject's father was a Presbyterian minister. He
came out from Janesville to Santa Clara to preach,
and died at Santa Clara when he was twenty-eight
years old, three months before Alfred was born.
Another child had already entered the family, a daugh-
ter named Mary, who is now- the wife of Dr. John J.
Miller of San Jose. Mrs. Post removed to San
Jose when Alfred was a young man, but he grew up
at Santa Clara and attended the public schools there,
topping off with some fine courses at the University
of the Pacific at San Jose. In his sophomore year,
however, his college career was cut short, and he
entered the service of the Pacific Manufacturing
Company, at Santa Clara, and for five years or until
he was twenty-two years old, he worked for them
as their cashier. He then entered the employ of the
Garden City Bank at San Jose, and commencing as a
receiving teller, he continued in their service for a
quarter of a century, during which time he became
assistant cashier, and for the last ten years cashier
of that flourishing bank. In 1920 he severed his
connection there and sold his stock in the Garden
City Bank and came over to the Bank of San Jose,
and became one of its stockholders. He is also a

stoekliolder in (he I'acilic Manufacturing Company
at Santa Clara, and a director of the Bean Spray
I'ump Company of San Jose. He owns a ranch ,n
the Santa Clara Valley, and has other important fin-
ancial interests.

At S.-m Jose, m 1902, Mr. Post was married to
Miss M.-.ry VV. Giles of Chicago, bv whom he has
liad three cliildren: Alfred Breed, Jr., Janet Giles
and Charles Truman Post, and thev now reside in
the handsome residence he built at 845 Hedding
Street. He belongs to the Elks, the Masons, and is a
Knight Templar. He is a mem!)er of the Bankers
Association, and is tlie president of Group No. 3 of
the California Bankers Association— one of the many
honors and responsibilities in a very busy career.

ROBERT K. PATCHELL.— Among the enter-
prising business men of ilorgan Hill is Robert K.
Patchell, whose continued success has been brought
about by his Ihorou.glmess and faithfulness to the
task in hand. He was born in Westchester, Pa.,
February 25, 1862. His father, John Patchell,' is of
Scotch-Irish parentage and married Miss Sarah Mc-
Hnrter of a well-known Scotch family. Robert K.
was reared on a farm and at the age of seven years
entered the district schools. At the age of seventeen
he entered the employ of Swift & Company in Chi-
cago, serving the usual time as an apprentice, and in
1892 he resigned his position of superintendent and
removed to San Francisco to become the general
superintendent of their plant in that city. The w-ork
of building up the packing department w^as empha-
sized and the business steadily grew to enormous pro-
portions. When Mr. Patchell assumed control, the
company employed 125 men, and in 1910, 360 men
were employed; during the thirty years of his super-
intendency he has had the satisfaction of systematizing
the work until the factory runs like clock work.

Mr. Patchell's marriage, July 2, 1893, in Chicago,
united him with Miss Clarissia Mae Crawford, a
native of Lafayette, Ind., who was reared and
schooled in that city. In 1898 Mr. Patchell bought
fifty-seven acres of bare land in the Machado tract
and began developing an orchard. In 1904 he set
out 2240 French prune trees, the first set out m this
district, which cost him six cents each. During 1909
he removed to the ranch and has since resided there.
Mr. Patchell sold fifty-four acres of his ranch, re-
taining three acres surrounding his residence. He
erected a commodious residence in Morgan Hill
High School Park. He has always been actively
identified with co-operative marketing of farm prod-
ucts and is at the present time the president of the
Morgan Hill Farmer's Union store, a co-operative
business owned and controlled by a number of local
ranchers and capitalists. In 1920 this business reached
the total of $300,900 for the year and in 1921 the
business exceeded this amount considerably'. Poli-
tically he is a Republican and fraternally a promi-
nent member of Lodge No. 463 of Morgan Hill, F.
& A. M.; he also is a member of Howard Chapter,
R, A. M., San Jose Commandery No. 10, K. T. and
Islam Temple, A. A. O. N. i\I. S. He lias never
failed to do his part as a public-spirited citizen and
many are the projects that he has fostered that have
helped to make Santa Clara County one of the best-
known localities in California.

992

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

PHILIPPE PRUDHOMME.— Many Kuropcan na-
lions have made valuable eonlributions to California's
citiizcnship, and l'hili]ipe Prudhomme. a prominent
member of the Freneh colony of San Jose, found in
the vineyards of the Golden State opportunities for
the attainment of success, of which he was not slow
to avail himself, and now, after years of industry- and
earnest effort, he is liviuH' retired hi the enjoyment of
a well earned rest. He was born at Matha, Cbarente-
Inferieure, hrance, March 1, 1857, the son of Jean
and Josephine (Caute) Prudhomme, who were farm-
ers in that locality, who passed away there leaving
three children of whom Philippe is the second oldest
and one of twins, his twin brother Stanislas, residing
in the vicinity of the old home; Philippe acquired his
education in the schools of his native province. I-fe
assisted his father in the operation of the home farm
and the care of the vineyard and also assisted in
making wine, an art in which for centuries the people
of his nation have been unexcelled. Having com-
pleted his military service, which covered fifteen
months, he decided to seek the opportunities pre-
sented m a newer country, and early in 1882, when
a young man of twenty-five years, sailed for the
United States. He arrived in San Jose on August
17, 1882, and soon afterward purchased a tract of
105 acres near livcrgreen, wliich he devoted to the
growing of grapes. His previous experience had
thoroughly acquainted him with every phase of the
industi-}-. He named his place the Saintonge vine-
yard from the province in which he was born, and
the excellence of his wines secured for tliem a read\-
sale on the market. As the years passed he at-
tained a substantial measure of prosperity and con-
tinued active as a vineyardist until national prohibi-
tion became a law, when he sold his ranch and pur-
chased a six and one-half acre orchard and is en-
gaged in raising prunes and apples. h"or nineteen
years he had a wdiolesale wine and liquor store at
19 South Market Street, San Jose, which was sold
whin he disposed of his vineyard.

In San Jose. June 3, 18S,i, Mr, Prudliomme was
united in marriage to Miss Mary Pellier, a daughter
of Pierre Pellier, of whom more extended mention
is made elsewhere in this volume, Mrs. Prudhomme
passed away in fivergreen in I'JOS. I'our children
were born of that union: Louis, wdio served as a
member of Company B of the California Home
Guard and passed away at the age of thirty; Helene,
now the wife of Joseph V. Simon, a prominent resi-
dent of San Jose; Madeleine, deceased; and George,
who is married and resides in San Jose. In 1909 Mr.
Prudhomme married Mrs. Marie (Vivier) Grosman-
gin-Bonnore. who was born in Dieuze in the prov-
ince of Lorraine, Prance, November 1, 1860; her
first marriage was to Simon (jrosman,gin, a chocolate
maker wdio had learned his trade in Paris. Following
their marriage, Mr. and Mrs, Grosmangin emigrated
to the United States and subsequently made their
vvay to vSan Francisco, Cal., wdiere for fifteen years
they conducted one of the leading confectionery
stores in the city, Ownng to the ill health of her
husband she assumed the burden of the business and
has the distinction of being the first woman in Cali-
fornia to manufacture the famous pure Parisian
chocolate bonbons. She had learned the art in Paris,

France. They later engaged in the confectionery
business in Portland, Ore., and took the first prize
for the excellence of their candies, but her husband
became ill and they came in 1888 to San Jose, where,
a few weeks later, he passed away. She is a fine
scholar and taught I-'rench to private pupils here as
well as in the East. At the F'rench celebration of the
F'all of the Bastile, in Portland, she was selected as
the Goddess of Liberty. She is a woman of marked
stren.gth of character and possesses a kind, genial
and sympathetic nature, her life being a true exem-
plification of the spirit of Christianity. Mrs. Gros-
mangin w'as married a second time to P. Bonnore,
also born in France; he \\as a vineyardist and died
in San Jose in 1907.

Air. and Airs, Prudhomme reside in an attractive
home at 785 South Fifth Street and theirs is a life
of contentment and happiness. Mr. Prudhomme is
a prominent member of the Foresters of America,
being affiliated with Lodge No. 263, and for over
twenty years he has been connected with the order.
He deserves much credit for what he has accomp-
lished in a business way, for he has worked his way
steadily upward through industry and determination,
and in winning prosperity he has at the same time
.gained the respect and goodwill of the community.

CHARLES T. O'CONNELL.— An experienced,
enterprising and thoroughly dependable leader in the
local commercial world is Charles T. O'Connell, of
Messrs. O'Connell Bros., ndio was born in San Benito
County on Alarch 18, 1876, and so commenced life
with the fortunate environment of a native son. His
father was the highly esteemed Thomas O'Connell,
whose interesting life story is outlined in another part
of this ^vork. The lad attended the San Benito
schools and when he was ready for the more ad-
vanced courses, he became a student of the Santa
Clara College.

Taking up the task of supporting himself, Charles
first worked for J. \V. Borchers for four years, and
then for a short time he was with the Saratoga Aleat
Market, and also Woodward & Bennett. The next
four j'ears he was deputy superintendent of streets
of San Jose, and follow'ing this he was appointed
deputy city treasurer under Charles Lightston. In
November, 1901, with his brother F'rank, he took
over the wood business which his father had con-
ducted so successfully, and then, as the other brothers
came of age, they also entered the firm, and on
July 9, 1906, the business was incorporated as O'Con-
nell Eros. That same year the firm erected their
fine structure at Sixth and St. James streets, and
there they have since been, conducting one of the
best headquarters for groceries, meats, wood and
coal to be found anywhere in the county. They aim
to carry only the best of everything and are alert to
meet and anticipate the wants of their customers.
They also own 15,000 acres of land, twenty-three
acres being in orchard, while the rest is devoted to
stock raising, and are now putting in a dam which
will furnish irrigation for over a hundred acres of
the land. This ranch is near Coyote, convenient to
the market, and is enclosed by over forty miles of
fence. Mr. O'Connell is a member of the Journey-
men Butchers Protective and Benevolent Association,
having been secretary for twenty years, and it is

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA Ce)UN"J^Y

995

needless to say that lie does what he eaii to make
that excellent organization what it is.

On September 21, 191U, Air. O'Connell was mar
ricd to Miss Elizabeth M. Cunan, who was born in
San Jose, the daughter ol John and Mary J. (Dur-
kin) Cunan. Their married life has been blessed b\
the birth of three ehildren, Maurice R , Adrian E,
and Clarice. The family attend St. Patrick's Cath-
olic Church, and Mr. O'Connell belongs to the
Knights of Columbus, in which he has attained the
third degree. He is a member of San Jose Parlor,
N. S. G. \V., and also belongs to the Eoresters.

JOSEPH H. BONE.— A distinguished representa-
tive of a very interesting, widely-scattered and numer-
ous English family in America is Joseph H. Bone, the
successful rancher to whom much credit is due for
the formation, a few years ago, of the California
Prune and Apricot Association. He was born at
Portchcster, Hampshire, England, near where both
the Romans, and later the Normans, built a famous
castle, and on September 25. 1862, he entered the
family of Samuel and Emily (Combs) Bone. Elis
father, who belonged to a family of not less than 1,000
representatives in the United States today, was a sub-
stantial merchant, and lived to be sixty-five years of
age, survived by his devoted wife about eight years.
They had seven children: Emily, Airs. Heal; Alice
Katherine, now deceased; Joseph H., our subject;
Frances Emma, Charles Edmund, a substantial busi-
ness man of Red Blufif, who died in August, 1920,
and Edward, deceased.

Joseph attended a private school at Fareham, walk-
ing tAvo miles to reach the schoolhouse, after which he
was an apprenticed bookkeeper, working for his board
and lodging. Once a thoroughly-trained bookkeeper,
he entered the employ of William Whitely, of Lon-
don, popularly known as the Universal Provider; and
afterwards he had charge of the books of a large re-
tail dry goods establishment in London, prior to com-
ing out to the United States in 1887.

On reaching the States, Mr. Bone went to Florida,
and for a while settled near Ocala, where he actiuired
forty acres of land upon which he raised oranges, by
means of excellent irrigation. At the end of twelve
months, however, be came back to New York, and in
the metropolis he found profitable activity for three
years with a large lace-curtain house on Broadway.
He then migrated to the Northwest, and pitched his
tent at Seattle; this was the summer after the great
fire. He had charge of the shipping and receiving de-
partment for McDougall & Southwick, and later be-
came chief bookkeeper to the Seattle branch of the
Standard Oil Company. All in all, he spent ten years
in Seattle. He next went to Minneapolis, Minn., and
organized the Fraternal Industrial Cooperative Asso-
ciation, but later entered upon five-year engagement
with the National Biscuit Company there.

In September, 1906, Mr. Bone came to San Jose
and took up vegetable seed production at Greenfield,
in Monterey County, in which he remained for four
years, selling mostly to the Barteldes Seed Company
of Lawrence, Kans., and during this time he made his
home at San Jose. When he sold his seed-farm and
business, he bought the old Fleming Ranch of forty
acres on Fleming Avenue, three-fourths of which
was bare land, which he set out to apricots and wal-
nuts; and after a while he sold half of this ranch, re-

taining the other twenty acres. In July, 1919, he
purchased a home pl.ice of four acres in Linda Vista
district at the corner of Alum Rock and Kirk ave-
nues. Mr. Bone belongs to the Grange, in 1915 he
began the movement to reorganize the California
Prune and Apricot Growers, Inc., and with the assist-
ance of others this movement became a reality on
May 1, 1917, Mr. Bone serving .as secretary and treas-
urer for the first two years.

At St. Pancras Church, London, on June 6, 1886,
Mr. Bone was married to Miss Phoebe Ellen Booth,
the daughter of James Booth, a hotel man, and his
.i-'ood \\ ife, Susanna; and this marriage was blessed with
rhe birth of one daughter, Maude Emily, who was born
in Florida and who is at present the wife of J. H.
\\ aalkes of San Jose, and the mother of a son, John
H. Waalkcs. Public-spirited to a large degree, Mr.
Bone is that much of a true [latriot, that he always
imts the issues at stake above the demands of partisan-
ship, and so is able to exert a wider and more endur-
ing influence for the ele\'ation of i>olitics and the ad-
vancement of the public «eal.

ALBERT F. O'CONNELL.— Proud of hi^ birth-
right as a native son of the Golden State, Albert !•'.
O'Connell takes a keen interest in the development
of Santa Clara County, where the greater part of
his life has been passed, and in preserving the
history and interesting landmarks of its early days.
A son of Thomas O'Connell, the pioneer, whose life
story appears on another page of this work, he was
born at Hollister, San Benito Count_\-, February 22,
1887, but was reared in San Jose, where he attended
the Grant School and the San Jose high school.
From the time he was a boy he made himself gen-
erally useful, assisting his father in his fuel and feed
business mornings and evenings while going to
school and during his vacations, and thus he formed
the habits of thrift and industry that have become a
most valuable asset to him.

After his schooldays were over, Bert O'Connell,
as he is familiarly called, continued to assist his
father in the business until July, 1906, when with his
four brothers they incorporated it as O'Connell
Bros., Inc., after which they branched out into the
wholesale and retail butcher business, as well as
establishing a grocery store. They also began cattle
raising on an extensive scale and in time came to
own a ranch of 15,000 acres at Madrone, a descrip-
tion of which is given in the sketch of O'Connell
Bros., Inc. Giving his time to the new firm, Mr.
O'Connell became very proficient in all the details of
the grocery and meat business, contributing much
toward its success. In September, 1918, he entered
the IJ. S. service, being assigned to the Signal Corps,
and was stationed at Camp Kearny until after the
signing of the armistice. He was honorably dis-
charged December 12, 1918, when he retui ne'd lionie
and again took up the duties of civil life, giving his
time and attention to their cattle and ranch interests,
as assistant to his brother, Frank J. O'Connell. He
continued there until October 1, 1921. when his ser-
vices were required in the office and he now has
charge of the books of the corporation. He is a
director and secretary of the company, having held
this office since 1915.

At San Jose, on September 21, 1921, Mr. O'Connell
was united in marriage with Miss Grace Mane Clark.

996

HISTORY OF SANTA CTARA COUNTY

She was born in Colorado, Ijut reared and educated
in Kansas City, Mo., where she was a graduate nurse.
Coming to San Jose, in 1913, she became head nurse
at the O'Connor Sanitarium, and it was in this city
that the young peojile met, the acc|uaintance result-
ing in their fortunate marriage. Mr. O'Connell is a
firm ijeliever in protection and hence is a stanch
Republican. He is a member of San Jose Lodge,
Loyal Order of Moose, belongs to the Eagles and is
a popular member of the Pastime Club, and his
patriotism is shown by membership in and support
of San Jose Post No. 89, American Legion.

G. DANIEL O'CONNELL.— Accounted one of

San Jose's progressive young business men, G. Da-
niel O'Connell has achieved a marked success as a
member of the enterprising firm of O'Connell Bros.,
Inc., wdio conduct a large wholesale and retail busi-
ness in the sale of meats, groceries, feed and fuel at
Sixth and St. James streets, and are also owners of a
large cattle ranch, stretching out 15,000 acres beyond
Madrone. Mr. O'Connell is a native son of Cali-
fornia, born at Hollister, San Benito County, Feb-
ruary 21, 1883, a son of Thomas and Julia (O'Brien)
O'Connell, pioneer settlers represented on another
page of this history. Dan O'Connell, as he is known
by all his friends, received his primary education in
the Hollister schools, and later in San Jose, where
the family removed in 1895, the father engaging in
the feed and fuel business there. Thomas O'Connell
passed away at the age of sixty-four, but the mother
still makes her home in Sah Jose, and the family are
well known and highly respected throughout the
community. At the age of fifteen Dan O'Connell
started out to make his own way, working in the
butcher shop of J. W. Borchers for five years and
thoroughly learning this business. In 1906 five of
the O'Connell brothers, succeeding to their father's
business, incorporated the firm of O'Connell Bros.,
establishing a wholesale and retail business in meats,
groceries, feed and fuel, and Dan O'Connell became
one of the firm. In addition to this thriving business
they own and operate a great ranch of 15,000 acres
east of Madrone, which is largely devoted to raising
cattle and feed, a description of the ranch being
found in the sketch of O'Connell Bros. By industry,
energy and integrity on the part of all the partners
the business is steadily growing, and the proprietors
enjoy the respect and confidence of a large and in-
creasing patronage.

On October 18, 1908, Mr. O'Connell was united
in marriage with Miss Mary McMurray, a native of
Butte, Mont., a daughter of John and Mary Agnes
tCasey) McMurray. The father was for many years
coroner and public administrator of Butte, Mont.,
where the family was well known, but both par'ents
have now passed away. Mrs. O'Connell was educated
in the grammar and high schools of Campljell and
Heald's Business College at San Jose, and she is the
mother of two children, Irwin Thomas and Kenneth
Daniel O'Connell. Mr. O'Connell is a member of
the Knights of Columbus and of the San Jose Par-
lor, N. S. G. W. Politically he votes the Republican
ticket, and progressive in his ideas, he can be de-
pended upon to give of his time and means to all
movements calculated to secure substantial progress.

GEORGE E. NICHOLSON.— The associations of
a life-time bind George E. Nicholson to Santa Clara
County, where he has become one of its influential
citizens through years of intelligent and unremitting
industry. He is the owner of a very valuable ranch
in the excellent pear section of Santa Clara Valley
which lies on the San Jose-Alviso road, about seven
miles north of San Jose. To the place where he is
now living he came as a boy of ten years, with his
parents and two sisters. He w'as born in Syracuse,
N. Y., December 24, 1859, his parents being George
and Elizabeth . (Kelly) Nicholson, both emigrants
from Ireland, though married in the state of New
York. Soon after his marriage and before the birth
of liis son, the elder Nicholson determined to try his
fortune in the storied Eldorado of the 'West, left his
bride in the care of friends and set out for California
via tlie Isthmus of Panama. Arriving in San Fran-
cisco he immediately boarded one of the steamers
navigating the sloughs to Alviso. After a few months
in the employ of Richard F'ox, pioneer nurseryman
of California, he sent for the bride and the son he
had never seen. The family arrived in San Jose in
1859, resided there a few years and then took up
their abode on a ranch rented by the father, where
with the aid of all hands sufficient means were ac-
cumulated to make a first payment on the present
homestead in October, 1868. Three children were
born to this worthy pioneer couple: George E. of
this sketch; Elizabeth, who passed away some time
ago; Mary F., now Mrs, L. E. Appleton of San Jose.
Mrs. Nicholson passed away in 1894, but the father
survived until 1918, passing away at the exceptional
age of ninety-seven years and six months.

After the death of the mother in 1894, George E.
Nicholson succeeded to the home place which the
father deeded to him, one consideration being that a
stated sum should ^>e paid to the surviving sister.
Since then Mr. Nicholson has purchased an adjoin-
ing twenty acres and has made many valuable im-
provements on the place, splendid irrigation being
furnished by wells and pumping plants. He has a
fine orchard and devotes quite an acreage to market
gardening; thirtj'-fivc acres are in pears and twenty
acres in various kinds of apples.

Mr. Nicholson's first marriage, which took place
at San Jose, united him with Miss Minnie Lorigan,
a sister of the late Charles M. Lorigan, prominent
attorney and pioneer citizen of San Jose, and of W.
G. Lorigan, Justice for many years of the Supreme
Court of the State of California. Two sons were
born to them: George A. and Edward L. Nicholson,
both graduates of the L^niversity of Santa Clara, and
now rising young attorneys, occupying the otfice in
San Jose long used by their uncle, C. M. Lorigan.
While they succeeded to much of his practice, they
have forged ahead upon their own merits and are
creditable acquisitions to the bar of Santa Clara
County. Mrs. Minnie Nicholson passed away on
Fehrnary 8, 1898, and Mr. Nicholson was married in
1905 a second time to Miss Anna Baumgartner. One
son has been born to them, Wilmot J, Charitable
and public spirited, Mr. Nicholson can be depended
upon to help in every good movement. I'or twenty-
six years he has been a member of the hoard of
trustees of the Alviso school district, having served
as clerk of said board for more than a quarter of a

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

997

century, and during tlic late war contributed much in
time and money to the local success of drives an<l
bond issues. He was the drive leader for llie Alviso,
Midway and Agnew districts in conjunction with Dr.
Stocking, superintendent of the State Hospital at
Agnew. while Mrs, Nicholson served as head of tlie
Red Cross in the Alviso district. Mr. Nicholson
helped to organize the Pear Growers' Association and
lends his best ettorts to its success. Faithful to his
early teachings, he is a member of St. John's Cath-
olic Church at Milpitas.

GEORGE W. PAGE.— A public-spirited citizen
of the Campbell district, well known in the Santa
Clara Valley through his efforts in promoting the
improved water system in and around Campbell,
George W. Page has made a fine success as a hor-
ticulturist since settling here. He was born at Elsie,
Clinton Countj". Mich., October 9, 1868, the son of
James and ^lary Ann (Snyder) Page. Both parents
are now deceased, the mother passing away at San
Jose in 1905, while Mr. Page's death occurred at
Fresno in 1912.

George \V. Page's early years were spent at Ga-
lena, Ohio, where he attended the grammar and
high schools, then learned telegraphy. Leaving his
Ohio home, he went to Kansas City seeking em-
ployment, but unable to find anything in his line
of work he took a position on the street railroad
of Kansas City. Conditions did not look encourag-
ing there, however, so borrowing a few dollars, he
set out for California, landing at San Jose with just
twenty-five cents in his pocket, on April 21. 1889.
He went to work in the orchards near here, shortly
becoming foreman for R. D. Shaw. That fall he
took charge of the Fleming warehouses at a salary
of sixty-five dollars a month, giving good service
here for a year, and then started on his independent
career as an orchardist by purchasing five acres on
the San Jose-Los Gates Road. Later his mother
and brother. C. R. Page, came out to California and
his mother became interested with him in this orchard
and with his brother. C. R. Page, Mr. Page also
bought the old Lovelady estate of forty acres on the
Los Gatos-Santa Clara Road, and here he gave his
best efforts to developing a fine orchard, meeting
with most gratifying results.

At San Jose, October 2i. 1895, Mr. Page was
married to Miss Bertha P. Williams, who grad-
uated in the same class with her husband at Galena.
Ohio, and spent several years teaching in Nebraska
before her marriage. Three children have been born
to them: lone Marie is a graduate of the College
of the Pacific with the degree of A. B., after w-hich
she did graduate work at Stanford University, major-
ing in economics. She is a talented musician, pos-
sessing a splendid mezzo-soprano voice. She is now
in New York and while teaching economics is con-
tinuing her studies in voice culture. Earl Virgil
is attending the State Teachers College at San Jose
and Edwina is at the LTniversity of California. The
family are members of the Methodist Church and
active in its benevolences, Mr. Page being one of
the trustees. Mr. Page possesses much ability as
an engineer and is regarded as an authority on irri-
gation and flood control. To him is due the credit
for the e.xcellent irrigation system the orchardists in
and about Campbell now enjoy as through his in-
fluence the system was combined and developed to

take care ot a vast acreage. Air. Page has always
worked tor and promoted those things that would
l)e of permanent value to the people, but has stood
hrm (in llic other hand, against projects that his
sound judgment told him would not give the public
an adeciuate return on (heir investments. Cultured
and refined and a \iry capable woman, Mrs. Page
has been a true helpmate to her husband and is
taking an active part in community affairs, being
the first woman elected as trustee of the Campbell
school district, and it was largely through her ef-
forts lliat the bond issue providing for the present
grammar school was put through. They reside in
their beautiful country home on the Los Gatos-
Santa Clara Road, just outside of Campbell, wdiere
they extend a . genuine hospitality to their friends.

BERNARD D, MURPHY.— Eminent among the
particularly estimable pioneers to whom their friends,
neighliors and fellow-citizens were devotely attached,
and in wdiom posterity ought always to feel an af-
fectionate interest, was undoubtedly Bernard D. Mur-
phy, popularly known as Barney Murphy, who died
on December 28, 1911, a grandson of the intrepid
pioneer, Martin Murphy, Sr., and son of Martin Mur-
phy, Jr., w-ho braved the dangers of continental
migration, reaching California in 1844. With 100
or more wagons, numerous oxen, mules, and the first
American cattle brought into California, the party
started from St. Joseph, Mo., and traversed such a
route, at such a path-breaking period that the Donner
party, trailing along two years later, were able to use
cabins erected by Martin Murphy, and so, through
his previous enterprise and hardship, ameliorate to
some extent their own sufferings. A sister of our
subject is Mrs. Mary Ann Carroll.

Bernard Murphy was born at Quebec, Canada, on
March 1, 1841, the son of Martin and Mary (Bulger)
Murphy, and having come to California, attended
Santa Clara College, as did all the other Murphv
boys. At the A-Iission Dolores in San Francisco, in
1869. Mr. Murphy was married to Miss Annie Lucy
McGeoghegan. daughter of Thomas J. McGeoghe-
gan, who had married Miss Evelyn Green; and thev
became parents of nine children: Mary G. Murphv,
Evelyn A., Martin. Elizabeth G., Gertrude J., Helena
D., Patrick W., Bernard D., and Thomas, the last
three of whom are deceased. The family were stanch
Roman Catholics, ready and eager for religious and
all other uplift work. Mrs. Murphy died on Febru-
ary 17. 1901, in her fifieth year, esteemed and beloved
by all who knew her.

Proud of the fact that he was a member of the
first white family to settle permanently in California,
Barney Murphy grew up to become an active and
patriotic citizen ready to labor for the rapid de-
velopment of the (jolden State, and as an influential
Democrat was constantly sought in the councils of
the party. He was thrice elected mayor of San Jose
and twice chosen as state senator; and he was trustee
of both the Lick Estate and the Lick Observatory.
He was intimately acquainted with nearl.\' all of Cali-
fornia's leading public men and politicians. His life
spanned much of the period of California's most
wonderful development, in which he had such an
active, influential and enviable part. Public-spirited,
far-seeing and optimistic, he effected much that was
to have its own salutar\- influence in a succeeding

998

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

generation, and for tlic blessing of posterit}', rather
than for the benefit of himself or his family; and
genial, sympathetic and loyal, Barney Murphy proved
the best of friends, and was idolized by neighbors.
He was a tower of strength politically, and was
honored as few men have ever been by the great rank
and file of his fellow-citizens. Santa Clara County
may well be congratulated that it was her broad and
fertile acres that induced the settlement of and be-
came the home of such a devoted, broad-minded and
lar,ge-hearted group as that of the Murphy family.

GEORGE S. McMURTRY.— A wide-awake rep-
resentative of important California realty interests,
who has done much to advance the growth of Santa
Clara County, is George S. McMurtry of Los Gatos.
He is a native son and was born near Los Gatos, at
Lexington, on June 5, 1865. His father, W. S. Mc-
Murtry, was a genuine '49er and reared at Grass
X'alley, after which he located in Santa Clara County.
He was one of the first settlers of Los Gatos and
with J. V. McMillin established the first saw mill on
Los Gatos Creek, above Lexington. The product of
the mill was used to build the early residences and
farm buildings in the Santa Clara valley. He made
his home in Los Gatos and was elected a member of
the State Senate, where he served acceptably for one
term. He married Miss Olivia A. McMillin who
was born in Rockville. Ind., and he passed away in
1908 at the age of 86 \ears, leaving behind a splendid
record of accomplishment, his widow surviving him
eight years, passing away April 30, 1916.

Of their family of four children, Geo. S. is the
eldest and was reared in Los Gatos, wdierc he enjoyed
both grammar and high school advantages, attending
the Los Gatos and San Jose schools and then enter-
ing the University of the Pacific. After his school
days were over he was employed in the Los Gatos
ITour Mills about two years wdien he formed a part-
nership with T. S. Cleland and engaged in general
merchandising under the firm name of Cleland &
McMurtry. The business was successful and later
Mr. McMurtr>- absorbed Mr. Cleland's interest and
continued the business alone until 1891, when his
store was completeh' destroyed by fire entailing a
big loss. Soon after this he entered the Bank of
San Jose as a teller, a position he filled ably and
satisfactory until 1898, when he resigned to make the
trip to Cook's Inlet, Alaska, where a year was spent
in prospecting and mining after w'hich he returned
from the frozen North and resumed his old position
in the Bank of San Jose which had been tendered
him on his return. Two years later he resigned to
accept the position of assistant cashier of the Com-
mercial & Savings Bank of San Jose, a place he
filled to the entire satisfaction of the officers of the
l)ank as well as the people for several years, when
he resigned, and now for the past eighteen years he
has conducted a real estate and insurance business
in Los Gatos, being now the oldest man in that line
of business in this city. His many years of exper-
ience enables him to judge property values accurate-
ly, so he naturally has a large clientele, his advice
lieing frequently sought in real estate transactions.
He is a director of the Bank of Los Gatos.

Mr. McMurtry was married in Los Gatos July 4,
1913, to Mrs. Estelle B. Harwood, a native of New

York state, reared m Charles City, la., a woman of
charming personality who presides gracefully over
her husband's home. Interested in civics he is active
in projects that have for their aim the upbuilding of
this beautiful mountain city, has served acceptably
as city treasurer for some years and is a library
trustee as well as a trustee of the Presbyterian
Church. He is a member of Los Gatos Lodge No
292, F. ^\£ A. M., as well as the Elks.

ANDREW L LOYST.— Coming to California
about fifty-four years ago, Andrew I. Loyst has had
a variety of experiences, and is one of the highly
respected and worthy citizens of San Jose. The
greater part of his career has 'been devoted to agri-
cultural pursuits, but he has also found an outlet for
his energies in many other enterprises linked with
the life of the Western coast. He was born at
Kingston, Out., Can., on March 29, 1848, his father,
Isaiah Lo>'st, also a native of Canada. Grandfather
Loyst was born in Holland and settled in Canada in
an early day and served through the seven years of
the Revolutionary War. The father, Isaiah Loyst,
was both a farmer and a logging, lumbering and road
contractor, and built many government roads. He
married Miss Comfort McKim, born near Napanee,
Ontario. (irandfathcr McKim was of Scotch des-
cent, while Grandmother McKim was born in the
Green Mountains of Vermont. Mr. and Mrs. Loyst
were the parents of three boys, of whom our subject
is the youngest. The parents passed away in Canada.
Andrew I. Loyst received his education in the
public schools of Ontario and at the age of seventeen
struck out for himself, going to the oil fields at
Franklin, Pa., where he was engaged as a driller and
engineer for three years, when he returned to Canada
on a visit and wdiile there became greatly interested
in the reports from California. On January 8, 1868,
he arrived in San Francisco and immediately went
to vSan Jose where he found employment as a farm
hand; later he and his brother, J. W. Loyst, pur-
chased a threshin.g outfit and engaged in threshing
throughout the Santa Clara valley, and then they
bought a ranch on the Pierce Road, containing 164
acres of choice land. This ranch they set to grapes,
but the vines died, so they set out an orchard. Mr.
Loyst still owns fifty-four acres of this tract, and is
now devoted to raising prunes and hay. Mr. Loy.->'
improved, cultivated and operated this ranch until
1918, when he rented it and bought his present olacc,
an orchard home located on Mountain View road,
which he has improved with a comfortable residence
and a fine prune orchard.

Mr. Loyst has been married twice. His first mar-
riage occurred in the Saratoga district and united
him with Miss Maria Cox, born in the old Cox home,
a daughter of William Cox, an old pioneer of that
district. Mrs. Loyst passed away in 1892, Icaxing
three children, Mrs. Mabel Breeding, W. W. and G.
G., all of this county. His second marriage in San
Jose in 1906 united him with Miss Clara Karsc, a
native daughter of California, born at Michigan Mat,
a daughter of John Karst, a native of Germany, wiio
came to California in early days and was en,gaged
in mining, where he spent his last days. He had
married Miss Emma Bauer, also born in German}',
who came when a child to Philadelphia, then to Cali-

r.I{RN,\R|) I). AIL'KPHY

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

1001

fornia. Both parents passed a\va>- wlien Mrs. I.oxsl
was a small child, and she is one of a family of seven.
She attended school in Eldorado Connty nntil she
was fifteen years old, then removed to San I'rancisco
and later to San Jose. Mr. Loyst is a stockholder
in the Home Union at San Jose, one of the oryan-
izers and a member of the California Prune i'c Apri-
cot Growers' Association, a charter member of tlie
Grange in Saratoga, and a member of the Santa
Clara County Pioneer Society. In politico; he is a
Republican and he has been a liberal contributor in
the erection of church buildings and school houses.
Mr. and Mrs. Loyst's interests are thoroughly iden-
tified with those of the West, and at all times thev
are ready to cooperate in any movement calculated
to benefit this section of the country.

MRS. LILLIAN J. PETERSON.— The fitness
and capability of women to hold public office and dis-
charge the duties with efficiency is amply demon-
strated in the case of Lillian J. Peterson, w-ho is
the capable city treasurer of Mountain View. A
native of Tennessee, she was born near Nashville,
the daughter of Alfred and Emma (Stotts) Martin,
both parents being natives of Tennessee. The father
owned a sugar plantation and was engaged in the
manufacture of syrup. There were eight children
in the family, our subject being the second child;
her parents removed to California when she was a
very small child; later they moved back to Tennes-
see, but again returned to California, settling in
Mountain View when Mrs. Peterson was six years
old. The parents live on a ranch at Fairmead,
Cal. Her education was obtained in the pub-
lic schools of Mountain View, and she always
showed great aptitude for mathematics and pen-
manship, both of which are requisite in lier
present position. On November 14. 1898, she
was united in marriage with Fred L. Peterson, the
owner of a plumbing establishment and an e.K-fire
chief of Mountain View. They are the parents of
four children, three of whom are living: Fred H.,
Marjorie and Georgie Mae.

Mrs. Peterson is the first woman to be elected to
a city office in Mountain View, her first election
being in 1914 for a two-year term. So capably did
she perform the duties of the oifice that she was
re-elected in 1916 by a handsome majority and again
in 1918, when she had no opposition. She was again
re-elected in 1920 and under the new law will hold
office for four years. She is the custodian of all
the city's funds and has attended to all the bond
issues. The last bond issue w-as for $20,000 for
pumping water inains, road machinery and street
improvements. She has demonstrated what a woman
can do and the excellent services she has rendered
her community puts her in line for higher public
responsibilities. She is the secretary of the Woman's
Club of Mountain View and during the war was ap-
pointed by W. J. McAdoo, the Secretary of the
Treasury, the authorized agent for the treasury de-
partment for the year ending September 31, 1918, to
receive and issue the cost prices on war savings
stamps and thrift stamps. She is a prominent mem-
ber of the Eastern Star of Mountain View, and
served as worthy matron of lodge No. 141, Mountain
View, in 1912. She belongs to the Past Matrons
and Past Patrons -Association of Santa Clara County

and also of San Francisco, and is a consistent mem-
ber of the Christian Science Church of Mountain
View. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson are both members of
the Mountain View Grange, and the oldest son, Fred
H., is a member of the Order of De Molay of San
Jose. Mrs. Peterson attends to her household duties
besides the duties of her public office, and assists
her husband in the office work connected with his
plumbing business, and she is the local agent for the
Connecticut Fire Insurance Company of Hartford,
Conn. She has the capacity for hard and respon-
sible work, but never loses sight of her home duties.
A woman of gracious and kindly manner and of
many admirable personal characteristics, she enjoys
the high regard and esteem of all who know her.

FRED L. PETERSON.— A inominent citizen of
Mountain \'iew and one whose efforts have been
used for the good of his community is Fred L.
Peterson, the genial constable and veteran plumber.
He was the first fire chief of the town of Mountain
View, serving for six years and helped to organize
the voluiiteer fire department ten years ago. He
was liorn in Santa Cruz August 3, 1873, and grew
tip in Santa Cruz County and at Vallejo, where his
father, the well-known Capt. (_'.eorge T. Peterson,
:vas construction foreman tor the United vStates
Government at Mare Island Navy Yard. Captain
Peterson was a native of Schleswig, Germany; he
married Miss Celia Britton, the daughter of Henry
Britton, a pioneer of Santa Cruz County, and Knights
Ferry, Stanislaus County, and she was born while
crossing the plains in 1850. When only a boy of
thirteen Captain Peterson ran away from home and
shipped before the mast. He sailed around the Horn
many times, arriving the first time in San Francisco
about 1850. He became a sea captain and like his
brother, Capt. Lawrence Peterson, became very well
known in the Bay region, passing away in 1891 at
Vallejo. Fred Peterson was then only sixteen years
old and from that time began to make his own way.
He was apprenticed to the plumbing finn of Dalzell
and Muller at Oakland and served for four years at
$2.50 per week. He was always fond of aquatic
sports and while living at \ allejo became an expert
diver and swimmer and was employed as a swim-
ming teacher at Santa Cruz, Capitola Beach and at
Oakland, and later was employed by t . A. Hean
of the Life Saving Station at Santa Cruz. He made
an excellent record, saving many lives during his
iwc >'ears of service.

The marriage of Mr. Peterson occurred on No-
vember 14, 1898, and united him with Miss Lillian
Martin, native of Tennessee, the daughter of Alfred
Martin, a rancher at Fairmead, Cal. Mrs. Peterson
is the capable city treasurer of Mountain \'iew and
her sketch will be found elsewhere in this work.
They are the parents of four children: Lawrence died
when nineteen years of age; Margery; Fred J. is a
plumber, and Georgia May. ^[r. Peterson served on
the city council of Mountain \'iew for two years.
Both Mr. and Mrs. Peterson are iirominent in Ma-
sonic circles of Mountain \'ie\v. and he is past patron
and she past matron of the I'.astern Star lodge. He
helped to organize the ]\fouiitaiii \'icw Parlor of
the Native Sons of the Golden West and was its
first president. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson are both
active niemlicrs of the Christian Science Church.

1002

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Mr. Peterson has been in the plumbing business
for twenty-three years and has given excellent satis-
faction to his numerous patrons. His establishment
on Castro Street is well-equipped and carries a full
line of plumbin.g accessories. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson
are deservedly popular in their locality, and have
ever been most deeply interested in all progressive
movements and the prosperity wdiich has come to
rhem is well deserved.

EPHRAIM BALSBAUGH. — An enterprising
likable business man of Palo Alto is Ephraim Bals-
baugh, a cement contractor who can be depended up-
on to do honest and excellent work. He was born
on his father's farm near Harrisburg, Pa., October
13, 1859, a son of George and Susan (Mover) Bals-
baugh, who were both natives of Pennsylvania. The
Balsbaugh family were pioneers of Pennsylvania,
coming from Germany and settling there in 1747.
Kphraim received his education in the public schools
of his native district and helped his father wdth the
farm work, and also became handy with the saw
and hammer. When eighteen years old he left home
and went to Mattoon, 111., and was employed doing
farm work; then he went to Western Kansas and
continued to do farm work and in time purchased
his own farm there.

Mr. Balsbaugh's marriage occurred at Stockton,
Kans., and united him with Miss Minnie Culler, a
daughter of George and Catherine Culler, her father
a native of Pennsylvania and her mother of Ohio.
In 1887 he and his family removed to Colton, Cal.
and he was employed in the Stover Mountain Marble
Works and held that position for three and a half
years and then he followed gold mining in the Search-
light section for two and a half years. Mr. and
Mrs. Balsbaugh are the parents of one daughter,
Mary. In 1904 the family removed to Palo Alto
so that their daughter might have the advantages of
a university education. She was graduated from
Stanford University and received the degrees of A. B.
and A. M., and later was united in marriage with
John Deirup, an attorney of Chico, who passed away
in that city. They w"ere the parents of two children,
Maryle and Torbin.

Mr. Balsbaugh is the leading resident cement con-
tractor of Palo Alto and has done most of the street
curbing of that city; and laid many of the sidewalks;
At present is doing the concrete work on the new
Schmidt Block on Emerson Street. He keeps from
three to ten men busy in his business, building foun-
dations and chimneys for residences throughout the
county; he also does considerable fancy work in
cobblestones and concrete and erected the beautiful
cobblestone posts, costing $5000, for the portal of
Mountain View, wdiich is one of the finest pieces of
cobblestone art work in California; he has also done
much of the same kind of work at Camp Curry in
the Yosemite Valley, where he worked steadily for
a period of seven months: the Masson cobblestone
chimney in the Big Basin was also built by Mr.
Balsbaugh and is a fine piece of work. His art work
is beautiful and substantial and has a peculiar indi-
viduality that attracts attention.

Mrs. Balsbaugh came from an excellent eastern
family and with her mother is a member of the
Christian Science Church; her mother, Mrs. Cath-
erine Culler, is grandmother of Mr. John G. Nie-
liardt, the poet laureate of Nebraska, author of

"Three Friends," "Hugh Glass," "Epic of the
Northwest" and other celebrated poems, "Three
Friends" secured him the prize for the best poetry
written in America for 1919. Mr. Balsbaugh was
brought up in the United Brethren Church and is
now a member of the Congregational Church. A
man of the highest principles and unquestioned in-
tegrity, he and his family are held in the highest
regard in the community.

REV. FATHER PATRICK J. O'HARA.— When-
c\er the historian shall address himself to the de-
lightful task of penning the history of Los Gatos,
he will not fail to record the life and labors of the
Rev. Father Patrick J. O'Hara, and in the recording
thereof find inspiration. He was born at Omagh,
County Tyrone, Ireland, June 17, 1871, the son of
Francis and Susan (McWilliams) O'Hara, both na-
tives of County Tyrone descended from ancient Irish
families. Francis O'Hara was a prominent merchant
in Omagh. He passed away at the age of ninety
years and his widow survived him one year, she,
too, being almost ninety years of age at the time
of her death. This worthy couple were the parents
of ten children, all living, of whom Patrick J. is the
fifth. He attended Christian Brothers' College in
his native place until he was twelve years of age,
wdien he entered the Jesuit College of Clongowes
\\'ood. where he made his classics and philosophy.
Next he studied at the American College at Lou-
vain, Belgium. On completing his course at Louvain
he came to San Francisco, Cal., in 1899, and soon
afterwards he made his way to St. Paul, ilinn.,
wdiere he was ordained to the priesthood at the Ca-
thedral in St. Paul by Archbishop Ireland for the
diocese of San Francisco.

His first appointment was as assistant at St. Pat-
rick's Church, San Francisco, under Rev. Father
Cummings; and he continued to discharge that re-
sponsibility for five years. Then he served as assist-
ant pastor at other places in the diocese. His first
pastorate was at St. Mary's Church, Cotati, Sonoma
County, wdiere he officiated for two years. During
this time Father O'Hara built the new church and
parochial residence at Cotati and brought the parish
to a successful and sound financial basis. In 1917
he was appointed pastor of St. Mary's Roman Cath-
olic Church at Los Gatos. He has a large territory
to look after, stretching from the summit of the
Santa Cruz Mountains to Campbell, and including
about 400 families; but he is untiring in his arduous
work as shepherd of his flock, and is esteemed and
beloved by all who know him. He takes a deep in-
terest in civic affairs, and he is particularly active
in the Knights of Columbus. With the same zeal
and ardor, he is building up the parish and has ma-
terially reduced the indebtedness placed on it by
the erection of the beautiful church and rectory. St.
I^lary's parish was established by the Jesuits about
eighteen years ago, but they relinquished the parish
in 1913, and Father Barshab was the first pastor to
take the helm, until his transfer to Sausalito,
wdicn he was succeeded by the present incumbent.

While attending the American College at Louvain,
Father O'Hara's vacations were spent in travel, hav-
ing visited every country on the continent. He had
the pleasure of visiting Rome and was fortunate in
having an audience with Pope Leo. In 1902, and
again in 1906, he made trips back to Ireland, where

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTV

1005

he visited his parents, who were still living at the
old home, and in the latter year he also traveled
over the liritish Isles. However, on his return to
his heloved adopted home in California he was more
pleased than ever to .yet back to this faxored section
of the world.

CHARLES WEEKS.— A splendid example of the
successful, progressive and enterprising Califor-
niau is Charles Weeks, the widely-known poultry-
man and wide-awake subdivider of Runnymede, the
delightful suburb of Palo Alto, to whom Santa Clara
County owes much for the extension of its fame.
.V man of real, natural genius who still had to pass
through many interesting and instructive, if not
always satisfying experiences before he "found" him-
self, he has never failed to associate the highest
integrity in the exercise of his gifts, with the result
that he has come to render the most valuable ser-
vice to his fellowmen, and to acquire, as well-merited
returns on his varied investments, an enviable po-
sition of influence and a comfortable competence.

He was born near Wabash, Ind., on February 18,
1873, the son of Thomas C. W^eeks, an esteemed
resident of the Hoosier State, who was born in
Wabash County, Ind., and who has come to be one of
the most successful farmers and stockinen. He mar-
ried, in that county. Miss Mary Frances Jackson,
also born and reared in Indiana, a distant relative
of General and President Andrew Jackson, and she
died at her Indiana home in September, 1921, about
seventy j-ears of age, leaving a family of five chil-
dren, four of whom are still living. In December,
1921, Mr. W'eeks, in the enjoyment of his seventy-
third year, came to California for a visit, leaving the
attractive farm of ninety acres in Grant County, Ind.,
which has been the home place of the Weeks family
since 1884. A sister of our subject, Mrs. J. F. Collins,
resides at Runnymede. but the rest of the family
are still residents of Indiana.

The only son in this interesting circle, Charles
Weeks grew up at home until he was seventeen,
attending the country district schools, and then he
became a student at the Fairmount Academy, in
Grant County, from which, in time, he was duly
graduated. After that, he taught school for four
years, and then he matriculated at De Pauw Univer-
sity, where he pursued courses for three years, teach-
ing at the same time. He next became interested
in the restaurant business in Chicago, and after two
years in that field and city, he removed to New York
and for two years continued in the same field of en-
terprise. In his famous poultry book — one of the
best, by-the-way, ever given to the press by an Am-
erican writer — Mr. Weeks tells how having dropped
in to see a poultry show in the Eastern metropolis,
the cackle of the high-grade fowls awakened mem-
ories of earlier days, and he decided to embark in
poultry-rasing.

In 1904, he came out to California looking for a
place favorable to intensive farming and the raising
of poultry, and as a trial, he bought a ten-acre place
at Los Altos. He soon found that water was too
hard to get there, so he sold his little holding and in
1909 came to Palo Alto. He there purchased five
acres with a good pumping plant, tank-house and cot-
tage, and this is now his well-known home-place;
and since then he has bought an additional five acres,
and has rebuilt, putting up a new residence, with a

large club-house and a lecture-hall, as well as an
office, creating a social center along with the head-
quarters of a poultry school. His office is located
m a large and well-planned structure, and there he
has also sleeping rooms for employees, a cook house
and a dining-room, used at times for lectures. After
his second trial, in New York City, of the restaurant
business, he returned to Indiana, where for two years
he experimented in raising poultry; and since he be-
gan to study it both from a scientific and a business
standpoint, he had attained to something definite
and worth while in progress before he came out to
the Coast.

During tlie past seventeen years in which Mr.
Weeks has been in California, he has evolved
"Weeks' System" of poultry raising and egg-pro-
duction, and he has so developed his own undertak-
in.gs in this line that he keeps 15,000 hens on his
ten-acre ranch. He builds his own mammoth incuba-
tors— seven machines which hatch out 25,000 eggs
per annum; and he has made a specialty of breeding
the justly celebrated variety of wdiite Leghorns
known as the Weeks heavy laying strain — the re-
sult of careful selection, for years, of Leghorns
promising vigor and heavy egg-production. He also
breeds Duroc swine and rabbits. He is the prime
mover in the annual fair held each year at Runny-
mede. which has become of much interest to the gen-
eral public, affording, as it does, a revelation of what
may be ccomplished in poultry production, under
the Weeks' System, with the proper conditions of
soil, water and climate, in particular by the "little
farmer." It was Bolton Hall, the great writer, who
said, "three acres and liberty;" but it has been left
for Mr. Weeks to demonstrate the possibility of a
competency from one acre.

This charming suburb of Palo Alto famed for its
balmy, bracing climate, situated on the bank of the
San Francisquito Creek, has a deep-black, loamy
and very productive soil, and excellent irrigation
facilities. Such was his faith in this section from
his advent here, that Mr. Weeks has bought, sub-
divided and sold four valuable tracts, the first sub-
division having been the Charles Weeks Poultry
Colony. This was parceled out into one-acre lots,
all of which were sold of? during the first year, in
1916. The next year, another subdivision, also of
160 acres, was put upon the market, and this tract.
Subdivision No. 2, he also sold within the year. In
1918, Mr. Weeks cut up a third tract of 160 acres.
known as the Woodland subdivision, and this he also
sold within the year after it was opened. In 1919, he
offered Subdivision No. 4, upon wdiich he installed a
large pumping plant and an extensive reservoir, from
which he piped water to each lot, thereby saving
much labor and expense to the lot-purchasers; and
the arrangement has proven very satisfactory to all
concerned. Mr. Wrecks has already laid out and
sold 600 acres in Runnymede proper, in one-acre
lots, thus greatly encouraging the ambitious person
who hopes to attain his goal with a small amount of
land, often all he can conveniently aft'ord, and he is
still adding to the Colony by buying and subdividing,
from time to time, small, contiguous tracts, and only
recently has acquired three new tracts at Runny-
mede, near Palo Alto, of twent>-hve. fifteen and ten
acres, respectively, where he is working his realty
wonders. When Mr. \Veeks first came to Los Altos,

1006

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

he had only $1,275; and both there and at Palo
Alto he lost money, in the beginning, actually get-
ting into debt to the tune of $10,000. Then, through
actual and sometimes bitter experience, he worked
out the original system for which he has become fa-
mous, and after that he made poultry pay. He found
that the primary consideration was the right kind of
hen, and then that it was necessary to have the best
kind of soil, an abundance of green feed, and plenty
of good water; and since he began to do well for him-
self, he has devoted no little part of his time and
energy to assisting other folks to succeed and make
money. Having made a pronounced success of every
subdivision at Runnymcde, near Palo Alto, after
many months' of investigation of land in the vicinity
of Los Angeles, Mr. Weeks selected Owensmouth,
Los Angeles County, as the ideal location for another
colony. This he has named Runnymede No. 2. He
is now busily engaged in colonizing the first forty
acre unit, being a portion of the large Jenal Estate,
adjoining the town of Owensmouth which is only
26 miles from Los .Angeles on the lines of the
Southern Pacific and Pacific Electric, while the
Highway Boulevard. Sherman Way, passes the prop-
erty, Mr. Weeks says that this is destined to be-
come more famous than the renowned Runnymede
at Palo Alto, and will afford an opportunity for
hundreds of people to own a self-supporting gar-
den-home in a cooperative community where the
highest science is used in intensive production on
small acreage.

Mr. Weeks is the editor and publisher of the "Lit-
tle Farms Journal, " a bright poultry paper now
published monthly; and he has made himself famous
as the author of the fresh, instructive, diverting and
handsomely-illustrated volume, "Egg Farming in
California;" which bears this inscription: "This book
is dedicated to all who are interested in intensive
production on small acreage — to those who love na-
ture, and enjoy plants and animals — and especially
to those who contemplate a state of higher indepen-
dence on the land." The volume opens with a des-
cription of Mr. Weeks' boyhood days, then tells how-
he progressed backward.s — from the city to the old
farm; continues with an account of his first attempts
at poultry raising in California; pictures the new
poultry ranch as it is possiible on rich soil with plenty
of water, and next describes the most intensive egg-
farm in the world. There are other absorbing chap-
ters on sanitation in poultry houses, and the keeping
of poultry in the back-yard, and the spirit of uplift
and value to humanity in the whole book may be
judged from such chapter-headings as "The Sanest
of Arts, the Art of Alaking a Living on a Little
Land," "The Producer, the Hero and Savior of the
War-Mad World," and "Runnymede — a Place of
Higher Independence for Man in His Own Garden
Home." Mr. Weeks' style is clear and interesting,
and this may account for his demand, not only as a
contributor to the leading agricultural journals of
the day, but as a lecturer, as well. He makes ex-
tended lecture-tours, sometimes absenting himself
for weeks at a time; and he has been particularly ac-
tive in cooperating with farm bureaus around Los
y\ngeles and San Diego. He employs ten men regu-
larly, and has in G. S. Oliver, a most efficient and
trustworthy office manager. He has been one of the
most enthusiastic supporters of the State Land Set-

tlements near Durham, and seldom fails to attend a
poultry association meeting in California.

At Palo Alto, in 1905, Mr. Weeks was married to
Miss Alice Johnson, of Fairmount, Ind., and their
union has been blessed with the birth of two children
— Thomas B. and Charles, Jr.

FRANK EMILE BOURGUIGNON— An enter-
prising leader in California's ever-growing agricul-
tural industry is Frank E. Bourguignon, a native son
who was born in San Francisco on July 7, 1877, the
son of Emile H. Bourguignon, a native of Brussels,
Belgium, where he was born on March 9, 1849. He
was the son of Maximilian and Desiree (Housoy)
Bourguignon, both natives of the same locality, and
the parents of four children, of whom two sons and
a daughter attained maturity. The eldest, Emile,
was sent to the local public school, and when a mere
lad he was apprenticed to learn landscape gardening.
At eighteen years of age he became a Belgian Gren-
adier, and during five years of service he was pro-
moted to be a sergeant. On leaving the army, he
w'ent into business at Brussels; but when the Centen-
nial of our nation drew attention to the United States
in 1876, he crossed the ocean with his family and
came direct to California.

For a couple of years, he lived in San Francisco,
and having canvassed the situation thoroughly, he
removed in 1879 to San Jose, and established himself
in the florist business. He began, as it were, at the
beginning; but by 1903 he had 60,000 square feet
under glass, and was raising flowers which he had no
no difficulty in selling in the markets in San Jose,
San Francisco, Los Angeles and Sacramento. Dur-
ing the winter time, he made a specialty of raising
cucumbers. Mr. Bourguignon was twice married,
his first step in matrimony having been taken in
Belgium, and his first child, Frank, being born in
San Francisco. At San Jose he became the husband
of Miss Oraza Waltham, a native of Nova Scotia.

Frank E. Bourguignon attended the grammar and
high schools in San Jose, and afterwards went to the
Garden City Business College, where he was gradu-
ated in 1895; and then he remained with his father,
assisting him in his growing enterprises, as a flori-
culturist, until he was twenty-eight years old. Setting
up for himself, he went in the business of growing
vegetables and garden seeds, and leased 200 acres
twelve miles south of San Jose on Coyote Creek,
and devoted the acreage to raising seeds for twelve
years, then he was in employ Northrup King & Com-
pany of Minneapolis and travelled over the North-
west as buyer and contractor, continuing with them
for three years. He then returned to Moorpark
Avenue to take charge of his father's greenhouses
and be has been there since, conducting his own hot-
house business. His father died on August 2, 1916,
rich in the accomplishments of seventy-two worth-
while years, and also rich in friends and the esteem
of his fellow-men; and Mrs. Bourguignon passed
away in 1888, also beloved by all who knew her.

Mr. Bourguignon's ranch consists of three acres
on Moorpark Avenue, two acres of which are under
glass, about 90,000 square feet, the largest in the
county. He has fifteen greenhouses in all, and he
devotes these to the raising of hot-house vegetables
for the Thanksgiving, Christmas and winter trade,
most of his produce being shipped out of Santa Clara

HISTORY OF SAiNTA C^AI^:A COUNTY

1007

County for the fancy trade. He raises lettuce and
tomatoes, but his specialty is hot-house cucunil)crs.

At San Jose, May 22, 1905, Mr. liourguignon was
married to Miss Serena Carteri, a native of Santa
Barbara County, California, and the daughter of Leon
Carteri and his wife, who was Matilda Foxen before
her marriage. Mr. Carteri was famous as one of
the most extensive stock-growers of the Pacific
Coast, and one who did much to advance, along
permanent, broad lines, its vast agricultural inter-
ests. He was born in Toulouse, Southern France,
in 1839, a son of Bertram Carteri, a prominent and
well-to-do man, and after completing a college course,
he sailed from his native land in 1868, and coming
direct to California, established a large mercantile
business at Santa Ynez, in Santa Barbara County.
He subsequently became part owner of the Foxen and
Shaw ranches, and the sole proprietor of two other
large farming estates. Besides, he rented the Santa
Rosa ranch, and the Santa Lucia ranch at Lompoc,
and once able to command these extensive tracts, he
embarked in stock-growing and dealing, and became
one of the largest operators in that field in Cali-
fornia. He had about 40,000 sheep, 20,000 head of
cattle, and 500 horses, fed them and shipped them
to all the near-by markets. Notwithstanding these
cares, Mr. Carteri left his immense interests long
enough to go to Europe and travel for three years;
and having returned to Santa Barbara County, he
continued his operations, and subsequently leased
ranches in Sisquoc, Santa Maria and Casmalia. Dur-
ing 1897 and 1898, he rented mountain ranges in Te-
hama and Plumas counties, later removing his stock
to ranges in Yuba County. Selling his Santa Bar-
bara lapds. Air. Carteri in 1900 moved with his fam-
ily to San Jose; and continuing stock-raising, he
rented the Webber ranch in Santa Clara County,
and the Topo ranch in San Benito County, and de-
voted the former to cattle, and the latter to sheep
raising. Finally, he disposed of all his northern
stocklands, and devoted his entire time to his Santa
Clara and San Benito County ranches; and having
bought the estate at the corner of Thirteenth and
Santa Clara streets, San Jose, he improved a fine
home by creating a beautiful yard and attractive
surroundings, and made it one of the most desirable
places of residence in the city. While out driving
with a friend, however, in the summer of 1903, a
runaway team caused Mr. Carteri's horses to run
away, and he was thrown from the carriage and
dragged on the ground, receiving injuries that caused
his death six weeks later. He passed away on Sep-
tember 5, 1903, a consistent member of St. Patrick's
Church, and was buried in Calvary Cemetery.

On November 16, 1878, at Santa Barbara, Mr.
Carteri was married to Miss Matilda Foxen, a native
of Santa Barbara and the daughter of William Ben-
jamin Foxen. The latter was born in Norwich, Eng-
land, and had the distinction of being the first Eng-
lish or American settler of Santa Barbara County.
At Goleta he built the first schooner used for mail
service between Monterey and old San Diego; and
having established himself as a merchant in Santa
Barbara County, he had seven stores there in full
operation, and in addition extensively followed agri-
cultural pursuits, having a fine stock ranch. He
proved of great aid to General Fremont, who had a
camp on his farm and received from Mr. Foxen his

needed supplies. Mr. Foxen married Edwarda Osuna,
\\ ho was born in San Diego of Spanish ancestry, her
parents, descendants of the Spanish nobility, having
emigrated from Castile, Spain, to California, to act
as administrators of churches along the Pacific Coast,
and to help organize and build new churches through-
out California. Mrs. h'oxen lived to be eighty-three
years of age, passing away at Santa Barbara. Mr.
and Airs. I'oxen had fourteen children, eleven of
whom grew to maturity, and A'latilda was the young-
est child. She was brought up in Santa Barbara and
attended St. Vincent's College. A lady of exceptional
refinement and culture, she is an active member of
St. Joseph's Catholic Church. Airs. Bourguignon
has a family of six children, Desiree, EHse, Frank
Emile Jr., Leon, Bertrand and Andre. Air. Bour-
guignon is a protectionist and holds strongly to the
platforms of the Republican Party.

CARL CAMPBELL.— .'\ native of Pennsylvania,
Carl Campbell was born at W'est Sunbury, Butler
County, April 3, 1881, the son of Allen and Kathcrine
(Meckling) Campbell. The father, born in Butler
County of Scotch descent, was a veteran of the Civil
War, having served two enlistments. He enlisted
the first time August 7, 1862, under Capt. John F.
White in Company C of the One Hundred Thirty-
fourth Pennsylvania Infantrjf and served nine
months, and was discharged May 27. 1863, at Harris-
burg, Pa. He enlisted a second time as corporal
under Capt. W. R. Hutchinson in Company A of the
Sixth Pennsylvania Heavy Field Artillery, which was
known as the Two Hundred Twelfth Pennsylvania
Volunteers, enlisting on August 30, 1864. He was
honorably discharged June 13, 1865, at Fort Ethan
Allen, Va., after the close of the war. After his dis-
charge he returned to his occupation of farming and
also owned and operated a grist mill at West Sun-
bury, Pa., in partnership v.ith his brother, James.
Allen Campbell was married at Butler, Pa., in 1876.
and the young couple began housekeeping at West
Sunbur}', Pa., where the bride was born, a daugh-
ter of Joseph and Alartha (Aluntz) A'leckling, Airs.
Campbell being one of a family of seven children.

In 1892 the family removed to California, where
the father purchased a ranch of sixteen acres on the
Porter Road, just east of San Jose, which is now
devoted to prunes and apricots. Allen Campbell was
a strong supporter of the Prohibition party and was
a popular member of Sherman-Dix Post, G. A. R.,
in San Jose, and with his wife was a member of the
United Presbyterian Church. This Civil War vet-
eran passed to the Great Beyond on December 21.
1919, His widow still resides on the home place
with her son, Carl, who looks after her interests,
thus shielding her from needless care and worry.
This worthy couple had five children. Blanche is
a teacher in the Los Angeles schools; Bessie is the
wife of William Holland of Evergreen; Carl, the
subject of this review; Homer Ward is principal of
the Elmhurst school in Oakland, while Joseph died
when sixteen years of age.

Carl Campbell attended the Hauck school in his
district, and after his school days were over he
assisted his father on the ranch until he assumed
charge of the place. From a bo\' he has had much
experience in orchard work, and being a close ob-
server as well as a student of tree life, he has be-
come well informed as an horticulturist, so aside

1008

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

from caring for liis own orchard he is caring for
several other orchards in the vicinity of his home,
having a complete farming outfit for the purpose.
He is also leasing lands and raising grain and hay.
Mr. Campbell is a member of the California Prune
and Apricot Growers, Inc., and fraternally is a mem-
ber of Garden City Lodge of Odd Fellows and the
Woodmen of the World, while politically he is a
strong protectionist and Republican. A generous
and big-hearted man, Mr. Campbell with his pleas-
ing personality is highly esteemed and appreciated
and can always be depended on to assist as far
as he is able worthy and laudable enterprises for
the improvement of the valley and enhancin,g the
happiness of its people.

MRS. WILLIAM H. CARMICHAEL— Among

those who arc successfully following the profession
of teaching in San Jose is Mrs. William H. Car-
raichael, whose many estimable qualities have won
for her the respect and admiration of an extensive
circle of friends. Mary Pierce, as she was known in
maidenhood, is a native daughter of California, born
in San Francisco, her parents being Patrick and Mary
(Culligan) Pierce. In the late '50s her father came
to California by the Isthmus of Panama route, first
engaging in mining in Placer County, after which he
went to San Francisco. He assisted in the construc-
tion and became yard foreman for the Southern Pa-
cific Railroad Company, occupying that position until
his hand was crushed in an accident, when he acted
as helper in the yard. After thirty years of faithful
and efficient service he was pensioned by the com-
pany and he passed wdien seventy years of age, con-
tinuing active until the last. The mother died dur-
ing the infancy of the subject of this review.

The youngest in a family of five children, Mamie
P. Carmichael. as she is familiarly known by her
many friends and particularly by the Native Daugh-
ters all over the state, pursued her education in Notre
Dame College of San Francisco and after her grad-
uation she entered the San Jose State Normal, from
which she was graduated with the class of 1892. She
then took up educational work, teaching for the first
two >'ears at Guadalupe and afterward at San Jose,
being thus engaged until September IS, 1898, when
she was married in this city to William H. Car-
michael, a native of San Jose, born March 6, 1869,
and a son of Jacob and Mary (Comons) Carmichael.
Jacob Carmichael was born in Ohio, and coming to
the Coast became a pioneer business man of San
Jose, being engaged in general merchandising at the
corner of Market and Post streets for many years,
and became well and favorably known. The Car-
michael family trace their ancestry back to Penn-
sylvania and Virginia. Some of the ancestors served
in the Revolutionary War. three of Jacob's brothers
served in the Civil War, two of them being wounded.
Jacob Carmichael passed away in 1881, his widow
surviving him till 1914. They reared a family of
four children, William H., Dr. Tlios. Carmichael,
Emcline, Mrs. A. J. Henry, of San Jose; and Cecelia,
who is an instructor in the Grant School.

William H. Carmichael was born in the same house
in which his widow now resides, at 312 West San
Fernando Street, and on entering business life he
secured a position in Spring's clothing store, grad-
ually working his way upward until he became head
salesman. For fifteen years he continued in this

responsible position, during which period he gained a
comprehensive knowledge of the trade, and he then
embarked in the clothing business on his own account
as a member of the Carmichael-Eelaris Company,
At the end of ten years, in 191Q, he disposed of his
interest in that enterprise and became one of the
founders of The Adler, Inc., Mr, Carmichael being
vice-president and secretary, and established two
stores in San Jose, one in San Francisco and one in
Sacramento, with which he remained until his demise
March 15, 1912.

Mr. and Mrs. Carmichael became the parents of
seven children: Jacob and Pierce, both graduates of
San Jose High, now attending Junior College;
William H., also a graduate of San Jose High, who
is now connected with the Moorehead-Fleming Drug
Company; Arthur and Merritt, who are attending
high school; and Keith and Mary, who are pupils in
the grammar schools.

When national issues were at stake, Mr. Carmichael
cast his ballot in favor of the candidates of the Dem-
ocratic party, but at local elections he voted for the
man who in his estimation was best fitted for the
office, regardless of political affiliation. His fellow-
citizens recognized his worth and ability, and from
1894 until 1898 he served as police and fire commis-
sioner. He discharged the duties of those offices
with faithfulness and efiiciency, being actuated at
all times by a public-spirited devotion to the general
good. He was a member of Palo Alto Parlor, now
San Jose Parlor, N. S. G. W., and was past president,
and served as district deputy several terms. He was
also a member of the Independent Order of For-
esters. He took a most active and helpful part in
the work of public progress and improvement and
his integrity in business affairs, his fidelity in friend-
ship and his devotion to home and family were char-
acteristics which won for him the high and enduring
regard of all with whom he was associated.

Mrs. Carmichael is a member of Vendome Parlor,
N. D. G. W., No. 100, San Jose, and has taken a prom-
inent part in the activities of that order, having served
as president of the local parlor, and was grand
president of the Grand Parlor in 1916 and 1917, and
as such visited every parlor in the state. After her
husband's death Mrs. Carmichael continued her in-
terest in the The Adler, Inc., being elected a director
and vice-president of the company and she gave her
undivided attention to the business until 1915, when
she disposed of her interest in the company. Soon
she found she was not content with inactivity and so
turned to her old profession and again took up edu-
cational work and is now in charge of the sixth grade
at the Grant School. She has been very successful
as an instructor, her thorough training and natural
r4ualifications well fitting her for work of this char-
acter. She is a member of the city, county, and state
teachers' associations. The home in which she now
resides was erected in 1865 by Mr. Carmichael's
father and as a member of one of the pioneer families
of San Jose she well merits the respect in which she
is universally held.

JOHN ROBERT ROESSLER.— Determination to
succeed is inherent in John Robert Roessler, and this
Ijrief sketch \\'\\\ show where this characteristic wdl
lead, if coupled with industry and thrift. A native
of Portland County, Wis., he was born six miles
from Waterloo, September 3, 1880, the son of Thomas

7. /W<

^yi-'T'TnyLC^ / , [aot-^f^^yiM^'

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

1011

Roossler, a tinner and sheet metal worker, who came
from Austraha to Wisconsin. Mrs. Roessler passed
away when John Roessler was a young lad. He is
tlie oldest of a family of four, the next being Lewis,
a resident of Rochester, Minn.; Alary, now Mrs.
Kelly, residing in St. Paul. jMinn., and Laura, who
passed away at the age of twelve.

John Roessler attended the public schools of Water-
loo, but had very little time for education, as he was
obliged to make his own way when verj' young,
working on dairy and cattle farms in Wisconsin until
he removed to California. Having worked as a
blacksmith and wagon maker in Wisconsin, his
natural inclination was toward the mechanical, and
when he arrived in San Jose in 1901 he was em-
ployed with the Osen Motor Company, very soon
becoming the head mechanic. He remained with
them until 1918. having charge of all the service
work, unloading new cars and getting them into
shape for selling. During 1918 he secured a lease on
a lot at the corner of Capitol and Alum Rock avenues
and built a garage, and here he does first-class repair
work on all makes of cars.

On August 18, 1906, INIr. Roessler was married
to Miss Adelaide Sehroeder, a native of California,
born in San Francisco, a daughter of Clark and Kath-
erine Sehroeder. When Airs. Roessler was a girl of
twelve, her father purchased a ranch in the San An-
tonio Valley east of San Jose, wdiich consisted of
about 400 acres of land, and engaged in the stock
business, the family making their home in San Jose,
where Mrs. Roessler was educated. Mr. Sehroeder
was a general contractor and did a great deal of work
on the construction of the San Francisco roads and
streets. He passed away in 1903 and the cattle
ranch was sold. Mrs. Sehroeder later became Mrs.
Xash and resides in Oakland.

In 1910 Mr. Roessler bought a lot and built a home
on Alum Rock Avenue not far from his place of
business, and here the family have continuously re-
sided. They are the parents of four children, Loal,
Jack, Vernon and Clark, all attending private school
in San Jose. An expert mechanic, Mr. Roessler has
built up a splendid business and has all the work
he can handle. In politics he is a Republican.

HONORABLE JOSEPH R. WELLER.— A dis-
tinguished citizen of Santa Clara County, Joseph Rush
Weller was born near Washington, Warren County,
N. J., on October 10, 1819, the son of Peter Rush and
Elizabeth (Smock) Weller, both of whom were of
colonial ancestry. The paternal grandfather, William
Weller, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Two
brothers of William Weller, Phillip and Peter, were
also soldiers in the Revolutionary War. Philip was
with Washington at Braddock's defeat in 1755. All
three brothers fought at the battle of Monmouth.

Born with a patriot's heritage, Joseph Rush Weller
loved his country as those do who are willing to
sacrifice for it. When he was five years old his
parents moved to Livingston County, N. Y., where
he was reared on a farm in the Geneseo Valley. He re-
ceived his early education at Temple Hill Academy,
Geneseo. N. Y., under the tutorship of Horatio N.
Robinson, author of the celebrated mathematical
text-books. He afterwards taught in the public
schools and attended the Ithaca Academy. While a
student at the academy he was appointed to attend
the State Normal School at Albany, from which in-

stitution he was graduated in 1846. He was imme-
diately engaged by Col. W. W. Wadsworth to take
charge of the agricultural department of a college
i)i the Geneseo Valley, wdiere he remained until Col-
onel VVadsworth's health failed and the college enter-
prise was discontinued. While supermtendent at
the college Mr, Weller was able to devote consid-
erable time to the study of law. In the spring of
184') he went to Staten Island, N. Y.. and accepted
a position as teacher in the private seminary of Prof.
H. M. Boehm. In May, 1850, he left New York on
the brig John French, for California and after a
stormy passage of thirty-three days reached the mouth
of the Chagres River where he, with six companions,
took a small boat and rowed up the river to the
town of Cruees. Thence they went over the Bolivar
trail on pack mules to Panama where, with several
thousand others, six weeks were passed waiting for
a steamer. Passage was finally secured on the Co-
lumbus and landing was made at San Francisco,
August 7, 1850.

Air. Weller did not remain long in San Fran-
cisco, but went to the mines at Coloma, El Dorado
County. At the end of a month he returned to San
Francisco ill with Panama fever. In the following
spring, still suffering from its effects, he came to
Santa Clara Valley and located on the Charles Weber
ranch, twenty miles from San Jose, where he remained
until his health was full}' restored. He again went
to the mines, remaining only a short time. In the
spring of 1853 he bought a large tract of land in the
Tularcitos Rancho adjoining Afilpitas, where he made
his residence and was identified with agricultural
interests until the time of his death. There were no
roads, fences or bridges. W'ith the spirit of the true
pioneer, "the future is purchased bj' the present," he
spent much time in developing the country. He organ-
ized the Milpitas school district in 1855 and was one
of its trustees until 1879. From 1856 until 1878 he
hold the office of justice of the peace and for a num-
ber of years he was an associate judge of Santa Clara
County. In 1878 he was elected a member of the State
Constitutional Convention and assisted in framing the
present constitution of the State of California. In poli-
tics, Air. Weller was a Republican with progressive
tendencies and decided character, taking a deep inter-
est in all matters affecting the prosperity of county,
state and nation. Possessed of a genial disposition
and a firm Christian faith he was ever ready to act for
"right as it respected his God, his country and him-
self." He was a member and supporter of the Pres-
byterian denomination, occupying the position of elder,
which took him to the larger councils and assemblys
of the church which he ever keenly enjoyed and
where his opinions were received with respect and
confidence.

In 1861 Air. Weller was united in marriage to Airs.
Alarion W. (Hart) Battey, the widow of Jonathan
Battey, a native of New York. A woman of rare
courage and faith, Mrs. Weller was a true helpmate.
Her ancestral history was also mingled with the early
history of the United Setates. The first representa-
tives of her family came from England and settled
in Alassachusetts "in 1628. Her great-grandfathers
were in the war of the Revolution. She was an early
pioneer of California, having crossed the plains in
1852 with her first husband, Jonathan Battey. To
Mr. and Mrs. Weller. two children were born: Ala-

101.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

rion lilizabcth and !May Lucinda, now Mrs. Will-
iam M. Ciirtncr, the daughters becoming step-sisters
to Henry Grey Battey, Mrs. Weller's child by her
first marriage. Retaining his virile mental faculties
to the last, Judge Weller passed away March 4,
191.S, at the age of ninety-five years. Mrs. Weller,
the beneficence of her character radiating her declin-
ing years, breathed her last on May 14, 1916, at the
age of eighty-eight.

FRANCIS C. BATES— A distinguished member
of the Grand Army of the Republic, active for years
in the East, who has cast his fortune in with Cali-
fornia and, like so many Easterners of foresight and
enterprise, has met with such pronounced success that
he has found the state truly "golden," is Francis C.
Bates, who was born at Jersey City, N. J., on March
1, 1847, the son of Perry G. and Amy Ann Frances
(Carpenter) Bates, both natives of Rhode Island,
whose families were among the earliest settlers there.
!Mrs. Bates died when Francis was only eleven days
old, and while he was still a lad, his father removed
with him to Troy, N. Y., and there they were living,
our subject attending the Troy high school, when the
war over secession and slavery broke out. He made
ammunition for the the three-months soldiers, and on
June 16, 1863, he enlisted in defense of the Union,
and served with credit until he was discharged on
May 25, 1865. He joined Company C of the Eigh-
teenth New York Cavalry and served under General
Nathaniel Prentiss Banks in the campaign to Red
River. He went through seventeen general engage-
ments, among them Pleasant Hill, Sabine Cross-
roads, Cane River, Big Prairie, Moore's Plantation,
Alexandria, Morganzi Bend and Port Hudson, all in
Louisiana, and the capture of Mobile, Ala. He sus-
tained seven wounds, and from one which he re-
ceived at Pleasant Hill in May, 1864, he is still suf-
fering today. This wound was made when he was
struck in the right knee by a bullet which lifted the
knee-cap and then passed on through the horse he
was riding, killing the faithful animal, and finally
grazing his left leg. Because of the miserable sani-
tary conditions in those days, the patient suffered
from gangrene before the wound healed. Col. Wil-
liam H. Burns went through the same seventeen en-
gagements without a scratch, and was later killed in
the Custer massacre.

Francis Bates was so young at first that he was
able to enlist only as a bugler. He relates an inci-
dent of the third day's fighting at Pleasant Hill, when
the color-bearer, retreating, was shot and killed. The
colors lay on the ground, some five hundred yards
in the rear, and Col. Burns called for a volunteer to
bring them in. Our subject was ofif in a jiffy, reached
the sacred standards, picked them up, and returned
with them safely, untouched, amid a hurricane of
whistling bullets. When really wounded, however,
he did not recover for two or more years.

While learning the machinist's trade in Massachu-
setts, and awaiting recuperation, Mr. Bates also
studied law at the night school. He became such a
first-class millwright that he was able to take a po-
sition with the Lowell Machine Works. He then in-
vented the first rotary veneer cutting machine, per-
fected his patent, and moved to Northern Vermont,
about two miles from Newport. He started a veneer
factory, and as a result the town of Batesville was

founded, now a place of about 5,000 population.
This rotary veneer cutting plant supplied veneer ma-
terial for car ceilings, depot ceilings, chair-bottoms
and all work in which veneer is used, and proved so
popular that Mr. Bates was encouraged to build a
second and then a third plant. In 1896, on account
of impaired health, Mr. Bates sold his factories and
his patent rights to a firm from Sheboygan, Wis., and
the new company enlarged the veneer works to
twenty mills, now the largest in the world. When at
Newport, Mr. Bates, who is a Republican, served as
one of the county selectmen for seven years.

Still in pursuit of health, Mr. Bates came to Cali-
fornia in 1896 and settled at San Jose, and having in-
vented the Bates-Holley automatic signal mail box
for rural delivery service, he turned his attention to
its manufacture on a large scale. The box had been
approved by the postmaster-general, but he soon
found that the same could not be made in California
for the price necessary to meet the government de-
mands. He therefore set out to find a firm which
could make them cheaper, and in Joliet, 111., he suc-
ceeded. For nine years this firm turned out some
10,000 boxes a month, and then the demand was
greater than they could meet, and after three years
more, the firm gave up the manufacture of the util-
ity altogether. Mr. Bates also invented a semi-auto-
matic signal box for city mail service, which is still
being manufactured.

In 1908 Mr. Bates became a patent attorney and
opened an office in the Ryland Building at San Jose;
but in 1918, on account of his knee and the bother it
gave him, he had to give up active work, and since
that time he has lived retired. In 1897 he took the
lead in organizing the New York Social Union of
San Jose, and for a long period he was its president,
running it up from 13 to 500 members. In Brooklyn
he joined the Anthon Lodge No. 769, A. F. & A. M.,
and he was also an active member of Grant Lodge,
I. O. O. F,, at Brooklyn. He joined the Grand Army
at Newport, Vt., and was the commander of Baxter
Post No. 51, G. A. R., at that place; and on coming
to San Jose, he joined John Dix Post, and when it
was merged with Sheridan Post No. 7 he continued
there a year; since then has been affiliated with Col.
A. G. Bennett Post No. 186.

Mr. Bates was twice married. At Lowell, Mass..
on January 16, 1867, he took for his wife Miss Emma
C. Smith, a native of Newport, Vt., and the daughter
of Jonas G. and Lucretia Smith. Six children sprang
from this happy union. Amy Ann Frances died three
days after birth, and Perry G. passed away when
three years old. Hattie Frances has become Mrs.
Henry F. Sander, and lives at Somerville, Mass.
Lcnor C. died when six months old. Elsie May
reached her ninth month. Henry F. was graduated
with all the honors of old Harvard, and also came to
Cahfornia with his father lor his health; but he
passed away at the age of twenty-three. Mrs. Bates
died at Newport, Vt., on March 5, 1890; and two years
later, in New York City, Mr. Bates married a second
time, choosing for his wife Miss Sloma M. Baker.
She was born at Newport, Vt., June 25, 1866, the
daughter of Peter Baker, a lumber merchant, who
had married Phoebe Baker, and with Mr. Bates she
shares the rewards of a long and useful career.

■

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^^A<X/VA®^ AP. \^^XUi ^

HISTORY Ol' SANTA CLARA COUNTY

1015

PIERRE MONTMAYEUR— Among tlic many
French-Americans wlio have found their way to
Cahfornia, and to whom Santa Clara County has licld
out large inducements, may he nientioned Pierre
Montmayeur, proprietor of the Lamolle drill, located
at 06 North First Street. San Jose.

In a typical home in (".renohle, l^rance. Mr. Mont-
mayeur was horn Octoher 25. ISdS. the son of Noel
and Euphrasia Montmayeur. and there lie was edu-
cated in the public schools of his native land, llpon
his sjraduation. he determined to hecome prohcient
in the art of cooking, taking up the profession of
chef. In the year 1891 he migrated to the Uniteil
States, coming directly to San Francisco, where he
engaged in business for himself. In 1903 he came
to^San Jose, where in partnership with Mrs. La-
molle he" established the first grill in the city. In de-
ciding upon a name for their establishment Mr.
Montmayeur said to his partner, who was an old
pioneer, they would call it the Lamolle Grill. The
business proved lucrative and brought to its owners
gratifying profits, 'and the partnership continued
until "Mr"s. Lamolle died. Then Mr. Montmayeur
bought her interest, and his thorough knowledge of
his business and many years of training in catering
to the public taste has made his restaurant a favorite
dining place for man>-.

The marriage of Mr. ^lontmayeur united him to
Miss Catherine Fayeance, also a native of France,
and they have one child, a daughter, Irene, who is
a graduate of Notre Dame and now employed in the
Garden Citv Bank. Ut. Montmayeur is a stanch
adherent of" the principles of the RepubUcan party,
and fraternally he is a member of the Elks and Odd
Fellows; also a member of the Chamber of Commerce
and the Merchants Association. He is broadminded
and public-spirited and is intensely interested in the
progress of the community in which he resides.

WASHINGTON B. COAXES— A highly-esteemed
veteran of the Civil War, respected and beloved for
his sterling American patriotism and his exemplary
Christian character, Washington B, Coates, of 29
South Twenty-first Street, San Jose, exerts a wide
and enviable influence. He was born in Susquehanna
Countv. Pa... on August 19, 1841, the son of Wilham
H. and Jane (Morley) Coates, and when four and a
half years old was taken by his parents to Green
County. Wis., where he settled at Monticello. He is
of English descent, for his father hailed from Eng-
land, and his mother's family came of good old
Pilgrim stock.

Washington attended the public schools at Mon-
ticello and grew up on the home farm of his father,
who cleared a piece of timberland in the Burr Oak
openings, and there built a house and barn. At the
outbreak of the Civil War, he volunteered and
enlisted September 5 in the Fifth Wisconsin Battery,
Light Artillery, under Captain Oscar F. Finney, of
Monroe. One month later he was called to Racine
to drill at Camp Utley. His battery was sent into
action along with the Fifty-ninth, Seventy-third and
Seventy-fourth Illinois Infantry, and the Twenty-
second Indiana Infantry, comprising the brigade un-
der General Jefferson C. Davis.

Mr. Coates was first sent to Cairo, 111., then to
New Madrid, Miss., and after that to Louisville,
Ky., where has was placed in the Army of the Cum-
berland. He was in twenty-two engagements, in-

cluding the celebrated Battle of Chattanooga, and he
ami his comrades were cut off and hemmed in until
('.rant and Sherman came to their rescue. He was
,ilso in the battles of Stone River and Chickamauga
.111(1 many others. He was twice taken prisoner, and
lor two weeks, or until he was exchanged in 1865, he
was ill Lil>lic\- jirison. He recnlisted at Chattan-
ooga. 'I'eiin , in Jaiiu.-iry. 1H64. and served throughout
the war. until June. 1805.

Our intrepid veteran passed through many hazard-
ous experiences, without once being wounded, and
this good fortune he attributes to Divine protection.
(Jne instance in particular, lie himself relates. He
was in charge of an expedition to forage in the sur-
rounding country, when he was suddenly confronted
by five rebels who came upon him unexpectedly.
'L'he>- all pulled their carbines and shot repeatedly,
but not one of them was able to hit him, although
he was taken prisoner. After the War. he returned
to Wisconsin and attended school at odd times dur-
ing a period of three years; and then, teachers being
at a liremium, he taught school. During this time
he attended Flillsdalc College.

On August 25, 1868, at Jonesville, Hillsdale Coun-
ty, ilicli., Mr. Coates was married to Miss Eliza-
beth A. Goodwin, a native of that place, whose par-
ents were liorn in New Hampshire, or on that state
line. Tlie}- came to Michigan when they were a
young couple, and had a famih- of six daughters,
among whom Mrs. Coates was the third. Her
father was Londrus Goodwin, and he married Miss
Cornelia Bowman; and the latter died when Eliza-
beth was sixteen years old. Elizabeth attended
Hillsdale College, where Will Carleton, the poet, also
studied, and it was there that she met Mr. Coates.
A year after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Coates re-
moved to Nebraska and there took up 160 acres of
Government land eleven miles from Crete, in Saline
County; they proved up and lived upon this homestead
for eleven years, meanwhile raising grain as their
principal crop. Then they sold out their farm and
went back to Michigan to care for Mrs. Coates'
father, who was in failing health, and who lived only
two and a half years after their return. Subsequent
to his death, they ran the old home ranch until 1882,
when they came to California and settled at San
Miguel, in San Luis Obispo County, where they
rented a grain ranch.

In 1894 Mr. and Mrs. Coates removed to San Jose,
and resumed farming with the raising of fruit. They
rented a ranch for awhile, and then bought forty
acres of bare land and set fourteen acres to fruit, in
particular apricots and prunes. This ranch is located
eleven miles east and somewhat south of Santa Jose,
beyond Evergreen; and there they lived for several
years before moving into San Jose, when Mr. Coates
retired from active ranch work. He sold a half-in-
terest in the forty acres to his third son, and he
still retains a half-interest in the farm. For the past
eleven years he has lived in San Jose, wdiere he is
a member of the Sheridan-Dix Post, G. A. R., in
which he is a past commander. In politics he is a
Republican.

Mr. and Mrs. Coates have been given four chil-
dren, all sons. Wilbert A. married Miss Cruess, and
they live in Oakland with their five children — Earl.
Luella, 'Viva, Wilbert and Emma — one child, Zelma,
having died, Clit?ord G. married Miss Jamison and

1016

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

now lives near Pleasanton; they have two children —
Willis and Lucile — and have lost one. Herbert L.,
who is on his father's ranch, married Miss Maude
Holland, and they have one child, Morris. Victor
H. lives on Nineteenth Street, in San Jose, with his
wife, who was a Miss Billings, and their three chil-
dren— Henry Loraine, Hubert Le Roy, and Elmer
Elery. Since 1858, Mr. and Mrs. Coates have been
consistent Methodists. Mrs. Coates is a member of
the Ladies of the G. A. R. Mr. and Mrs. Coates
have one great-grandson, Paul Gilbert, the son of
Mrs. Luella Gilbert.

ANDREW RUSSELL— Another enthusiastic lodge
worker, widely and everywhere pleasantlj' known
through his various fraternal associations, is Andrew
Russell, the efficient and popular superintendent of
Plant No. 2 of the Richmond-Chase Packing Com-
pany, at the corner of Cinnabar and Montgomery
streets, San Jose. He was born in bonnie Scotland,
and first saw the light near Glasgow on August 21,
1873, the son of Lawrence Russell, an expert ac-
countant while he was in his native country. He
came to the United States in 1885 and immediately
settled at Clifton, Arizona, and three years later he
brought his family to California and pitched their
tent at Saratoga, in Santa Clara County. Near that
town he purchased eighty acres of land, which he
devoted to prunes and apricots; and there he engaged
actively in both the growing and packing of fruit.
He organized and conducted the first cooperative
fruit packing association in the county, located at
Saratoga, and thus centralized the efforts of the
growers in marketing; and for the last thirty years
he has been enviably influential as a wide-awake, far-
seeing man, known among the horticulturists for
exceptional executive ability, still supervising the
plant he so successfully organized, although in reality
practically retired. He married Miss Mary Mac-
Vicar, and she became the mother of our interesting
subject who, under her intelligent encouragement,
attended both the grammar and the high schools,
and then matriculated at the College of the Pacific.
Law-rence Russell is still living on his ranch near
Saratoga, at the ripe old-age of seventy-one, and
Mrs. Russell is still devotedly at his side, one year the
younger. Eight children were born to the worthy
pioneer couple, and among them the oldest is the
subject of our review. Hamilton Russell is with his
father on the ranch. Jessie became Mrs. A. L. Cil-
ker, of Los Gatos. Belle is at home with her par-
ents. Alexander is a California State civil engineer.
Margaret is also at home with her parents. Mary,
whose marriage made her Mrs. A. E. Stewart, lives
at Berkelej-; while Lawrence, affectionately recalled
by many appreciating friends, passed away at the
age of twenty-four.

The inception of the packing business at Saratoga
came from a suggestion by Andrew Russell that he
and his father would better put up their own fruit
on account of the erratic prices in the prune market
at that time. Up to then, very few in that neighbor-
hood had had any experience in drying and packing.
There was a Chinaman who was working for a Mr.
Rose at Los Gatos; and in order to get an insight into
the work under the Chinaman, Andrew offered his
services gratis. He stayed a month, and then, hav-
ing by accident acquired the secret of packing strictly

first-class fruit, he returned home and assisted his
father to start their business. Their first year's out-
put was two car loads, while today thirty car loads
IS the annual output. They still retain many of their
original customers, and with some they have supplied
their needs for about twenty-five years. In all this
time, the Russells have made a specialty of packing
only first-class dried fruits; and their fine products,
easily marketed under the "Russell Brand," are widely
known throughout the United States.

After having been thus associated with his father
for twenty years, Andrew Russell's health became im-
paired, and he went to work for the Peninsular
Railroad Company, as conductor and then as adver-
tising man, with which company he remained for a
decade. When, however, E. N. Richmond established
a fruit-packing business at Edenvale, he became iden-
tified with him, remaining there for three years; and
from the time of the incorporation of the Richmond-
Chase Company at San Jose, in 1918, he has been
the superintendent of the packing department of their
Plant No. 2, in San Jose. This plant alone, in 1919,
put out about 22,000,000 pounds of fruit, and in 1920,
under less favoring condition, the output was still
the enormous amount of about half of that quantity —
a fine testimonial to Mr. Russell's knowledge, execu-
tive and technical ability.

Air. Russell has also experimented, for the past
three years, with the manufacture of "Blanco," a
factory-finish whitewash designed to withstand the
elements, to retain its color, and never scale or peel
off. He has overcome most of the obstacles hitherto
encountered in the use of whitewash, and he expects
to have the product upon the market in the near
future, when the secret, patented formula will have
been perfected, thereby adding another contribution
made by the Russell family toward the industrial
development of the Golden State.

At San Jose, on July 12, 1897, Mr. Russell married
to Miss Annie Davidson, a native of Marin County,
and the daughter of Henry and Laura Davidson, now
both deceased. From her fourth year. Miss Annie
attended school in the San Jose district; and there,
amid a growing circle of devoted friends, she was also
reared. Two children sprang from this fortunate
union: Dorothy L. Russell graduated from the State
Normal School at San Jose, and is now a teacher in
the Willow Glen School, and a member of San Jose
Chapter No. 31, O. E. S.; and Norman A, Russell, a
charter member of DeMolay Order, is with the Union
Oil Company, at San Jose.

Mr. Russell, naturally a live-wire member of the
San Jose Chamber of Commerce, is a Republican in
matters of national political import, yet a non-partisan
"booster" such as any community would always wel-
come. He is a member of San Jose Lodge No. 10,
F. & A. M., also a charter member of Pyramid No. 9.
A. E. O. S. of San Jose, and he is, too, a member of
Loyal Oak Lodge No. 4997, I. O. O. F., and is a past
noble grand of this order, and is affiliated with the
Manchester Unity, the parent of the American order.
He is equally enthusiastic about the Woodmen of the
World, and belongs to Alamo Camp No. 80, of San
Jose, of which order he has been an active member
for twenty-four years. He is also a member of the
Foresters of America, and has passed through all
of the chairs of this order, while from 1896 to 1906
he was the Foresters' financial secretary.

UlrnjOkwjijtjyuM

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

1019

FRANK L. HUFF.— If asked to designate a per-
son that would typif>- tlie best manhood of Santa
Clara County's present-day generation of native sons,
there would be no mistake in nominating h'rank llulT,
the present postmaster at Mountain \'ie\v. He was
born on the old Hufl: homestead on the (."harleslon
Road, two miles north of IMountain N'iew, March 24,
186/, a son of the late James A. and Emily E. (Gard)
Huff, honored pioneer settlers in this part of Santa
Clara County, being the second oldest of the live
sons surviving of a famil\- of nine children, and grew
to manhood on his father's farm. He was early
called upon to follow the plow, and as a boy, attended
the W'hisnian school, while his vacation days were
busied with work on the farm. The elder HutT was
very much interested in the success and welfare of
the W'hisman school, serving as chairman of the
board of trustees for many years and taking a very
active interest in the education of his children. He
himself having had very meager educational ad-
vantages, without doubt made him all the more
solicitous in matters pertaining to education.

Having completed the home school, Frank entered
Washington College at Irvington, Alameda County,
pursuing the scientific and commercial courses,
graduating from both departments in 1888. During
his senior year he was called upoit to teach Algebra
and to assist in the business department. After his
graduation, during the years from 1888 to 1891, in-
clusive, he was a teacher in the commercial depart-
ment of said institution. When Stanford opened in
1891 he matriculated with the first class. For the
next two years he was a student there, after which
he was called back to W'^ashington College to become
the head of its business department; but after one
year resigned and resumed his studies at . Stanford
for another year. He then took the teachers' exam-
mation in Santa Clara County, receiving the high-
est standing in a class of thirteen. His first experi-
ence as a public school teacher was four years as
principal of the Boulder Creek Grammar School in
Santa Cruz County, where he was also a member of
the county board of education, after which for eigh-
teen years he held the position of principal of the
grammar schools in Mountain View, where he feels
was done his greatest work as a school man. He
resigned this position in the fall of 1917 to accept
the principalship of the city schools.

He resigned the principalship of the Washington
School in the fall of 1919, wishing to give his full
time to his orchards, never having entirely relin-
quished the determination formed when a boy to own
and manage a fine orchard, making his life work
in horticultural pursuits. In 1900, -while teaching at
Mountain View, he had set out the twenty-acre home
ranch on Levin avenue, owned by his wife, to prunes
and apricots, and he lived upon it and cared for it
during the major part of the time he was engaged in
teaching. In 1920 he purchased a splendid young
orchard planted in prunes and peaches at Hollister
which he still ow-ns and manages.

He married on December 28, 1898, at Mountain
View, Miss Mame I^evin, the daughter of Joel and
Mary (Swall) Levin, well-to-do and highly honored
pioneer citizens of Mountain View. Mr. and Mrs.
HufF have but one child, a son, William E., born

I'ebruary 20, 1900, who graduated from Stanford in
January, 1922, having majored in Geology. He was
top sergeant .it the College of the Pacific during the
war, and at its close was ni the officers' training
cam]) Waco, Te.x,, with the infantry replacement
troops. He is now engaged in the engineering de-
[lartnient of the Cinco Minas Mining Company' in
the state of Jalisco, Mexico.

In politics Mr, Huff is a stanch Republican who
sincereh- believes in America for Americans, and is
strongly opposed to the immigration into our coun-
try of people who are out of harmony with Amer-
ican institutions and ideals, particularly those of such
blood as cannot be assimilated by the Caucasian race
to its benefit. While supervising the Washington
School, Mr. Huff had under his charge something
like eight hundred pupils from the kindergarten to
the eighth grade, largely of Italian parentage, and
during the World War, in his school and war work,
he had fine opportunity to observe the Americanism
of men and women barel\- able to speak the language
and of their children not yet out of the grammar
schools. As a result he has great faith in their pos-
sibilities as citizens, and wishes it distinctly under-
stood that his objection to foreign immigration is
based on duty to our own and our children's chil-
dren, and a desire to build up a clean-cut American
type with similarity in ideals of life and government
rather than on the question of the possibility, through
our schools and civic life, of bringing the foreigner
to American standards. Whatever Mr. Huff may
have accomplished, or ma\- yet accomplish along
other lines, his greatest work will remain the im-
planting of American ideals of character and conduct
in the minds of the hundreds of children who have
come under his influence, and in the training he has
given them for clean American citizenship. In a
recent talk on American ideals to the pupils of the
Mountain A'iew high school during graduating exer-
cises he said to them in closing, "Fit \ourself for
accomplishment; be virile; take \'our part in affairs,
and help to see that the Golden Gate swings only
outward to those who hold not our American ideals."
One of the greatest satisfactions of his life is the
esteem of those who were once his pupils, and the
feeling that he may have aided in the building of a
character that fitted them for success.

Mr. and Mrs. Huff are prominent in religious and
social circles, Mr. Huff had much to do w-ith the
building of the Presbyterian Church at Mountain
\'iew, and for many years, prior to leaving to take
charge of the school in San Jose, served as a mem-
lier of its board of trustees. It was during his term
as trustee that the title to the present church prop-
erty was cleared and the new church building erect-
ed. Believing thoroughly in the principle of co-
operation in selling the products of the soil, Mr. Huff"
belongs to the Prune and Apricot Growers' Associa-
tion, while every other project intended to promote
the general welfare receives his encouragement. He
was active in the campaign that removed the saloons
from Mountain \'iew. He declined invitations to ac-
cept civic honors other than those of a teacher on
the grounds that one civic position is all that should
be intrusted to a person at a time. He is at the
present time chairman of the civic aff'airs' committee

1020

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

of the Chamber of Commerce, a stockhohler in the
I'armcrs and Merchants. National Bank of Mountain
\ iew, a member of the Mountain View Grange, an
C>d(l I'ellow, and a Native Son of the Golden West.
He is also a member of the comuiittee for putting-
over the project of a new S200,00() high school for
\fountain \'iew. His appointment as i)Ostniaster at
Mountain \ iew came to him in April, 1922, and he
entered upon the active duties of hi^ oFhce on the
hftcenth day of the month following.

Coming from one of the county'.s best families,
being still a comparatively young man and an un-
tiring worker, with a thorough education and a high
moral character, it is safe to sa}- that his career will
be graced In* even greater successes and higher
honors than he has already achieved,

JAMES T. DUNN — A noted apiarist whose fame
has exteudeil far beyond the confnies of Santa Clara
County is Tames T. Dunn, a nati\-e scju. born at La
b'ayette. Contra Costa County, on December 28.
1S7(). the son of Edward B. and Anna B. (Walker)
Dunn. A great uncle on the Walker side came to
California far back ui 1792, is buried in the family
plot at Martinez, Cak, and Walker's Pass, leading to
the Yosemite X'alley is named after him. Edward
B. Dunn is a nati\-e of Kentucky, and he crossed
the plain.^ on foot drivin.g an ox-team in 1S50. Hav-
ing arrived safely at Sacramento, he pushed on in the
spring of 185] to San Jose. Three generations ago.
the Dunns came from Ireland; wdiile Mrs. Walker's
family cauie originally from Missouri. The Walkers
were large stockmen and owned the west side of }ilt.
]3iablo into the valley.

Edward B. Dunn spent some four years hauling
■ luicksilver ore from the New Almaden mines, and
then he luoved to Contra Costa Count\- and near La
I"a>-ettc engaged extensively in grain, stockraising
and dairying. tie had two ranches, and for many
years he ran a threshing machine, with old-fashioned
horse power, in the days prior to the "Old Minne-
sota Chief" threshing machine. In connection with
his farm land, Mr. Dunn also had considerable hill
land for ran.ge. Lie ran a stock farm and cheese fac-
torv and resided there for thirty years, or until a
short time before his death; he lived to be sevent>--
two >"ears and ten months old. Mrs. Dunn died at
the age of hft\--four, and both are buried in Martinez.
They had ei.ght children, among whom our subject is
the youngest living; and he and a sister, Mrs. Han-
nah "V'oung, of Oakland, are all that survive.

James T. Dinin attended the grammar school at
La Fayette and at the completion of school he served
an apprenticeship in the hardware trade under Rit-
tingstein, of Oakland; and at the end of the three
Years he went to work for the Hawley Bros. Hard-
ware Company, of San Francisco. «'itii which con-
cern he remained until he became of age. He also
attended evening school in Oakland for a couple of
\'ears. As soon as he attained his majority, how-
ever, he took up the bee business, for which he had
always had a fancy, and he commenced with two
colonies of bees in the fall of 1882 at La Fayette.
He spent several years in Fresno and Butte counties
and gradually increased his holdings; and w^hile liv-
ing in Fresno, he served for several years as county
bee inspector. In Butte County he had a large

apiary on the Phelan ranch, and he :vas also bee
inspector of that county.

I''or the past seventeen years, Mr. Dunn has made
San Jose his home, and while here he has taken up
the "queenery business," and has also branched out
into extensive shipping of bees, and as one of the
authorities on bees along the Pacific Coast, he has
naturally come to enjoy a very enviable prosperity.
His cpieenery he started in 1900 from almost nothing;
and yet in 1919 he raised and shipped 8,000 queen-
bees to all parts of the world, all raised in Santa
Clara \'alle,\'. He breeds only the Italian bees, as
they are the least susceptible to the various diseases
the California beekeeper has to deal with.

In 1917 Air. Dunn took up the shipping of bees
from California to distant points in the United
States, and also abroad, and he uses small boxes,
each one coirtaining two pounds of bees; and while
the}- are enroute, the bees are fed by a solution of
su.gar water, until they arrive at their destination.
As an illustration of how this interesting industry,
under the farsightedness and experience of Mr. Dunn,
has grown, it may be stated that in 1917 he shipped
onl\' 400 of these two-pound boxes, while in 1920 his
volume of exports exceeded five tons. He also buys
man}- bees in Monterey County, Salinas 'Valley and
at Carmel. purchasing hundreds of colonies; he does
much of the shaking of the bees at Salinas, and
from that point they are hauled by way of auto-
trucks to San Jose, where they are packed and sent
off b\- express. San Jose is the logical shipping
point, and among apiarists San Jose is regarded as
the greatest bee-producing town in the world, just
as Santa Clara County is regarded as the center of
the (jueen-bee producing industry — a fact not gener-
ally known and appreciated. Mr. Dunn's shipments
alone of two-pound boxes to the ^Vestern Honey
Corporation of Reno, Nev., will also give an idea
of the extent of his growing trade in bees. On June
10, 1921, he sent sixty packages; on the twelfth,
sevent3'--one; the next day, seventy-seven; on the
sevententh, 250; on the twenty-first, 231; on the
twenty-fourth, 122; on the twenty-fifth, 118; on the
twenty-eighth, sixty-five; on July 9, 120; on the
tenth, forty; on the twelfth, eighty-five; on the thir-
teenth, 150; and on the fourteenth, 100. During the
war, the price of bees soared to $2,000 a ton; but at
present it is $1,500. Mr. Dunn has two queeneries —
one in San Jose, and one at Lathrop, on the San
Joaqum River. When the season's nectar gives out
m the Santa Clara Valley, he moves his queenery
to Lathrop, where the bees feed on the alfalfa
nectar. Mr. Dunn is also general field inspector for
the Western Honey Corporation, with his head-
quarters in the Claus Spreckels Building, San Fran-
cisco, and travels all over the west and Mexico. To
show the rapid growth of the production of honey in
California, the estimate of the honey crop for 1922
by the Western Honey Corporation is 1,000,000
pounds of honey. Mr. Dunn is a member of the
California State Beekeepers Association.

On November 25, 1896, Mr. Dunn was married at
\Valnut Creek, in Contra Costa County, to Miss
Ethel M. Godfrey, a native of Beaver, Minn., and
the daughter of George and Emerette (Clark) God-
frey. Mr. Godfrey came to California in 1889, as a
farmer; and he is still living at the age of eighty-

^^-T' ^^i/. o(J.yOUt^x^%^r,

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.ARA COUNTY

1021

three years in San Jose. I'",thcl attended the lieaver
grammar sehool. and on coming to Cahfornia Ini-
ished her stndies at Oakland. Seven eliildren were
born to Mr. and Mrs. Dunn, and tive are still lixin.t;.
Harvey G. and Robert (). are with the Western
Honey Corporation and queeu-bee breeders. Rnby
died when she was one \ear old. llerniee also lived
to be only halt a year older. Arthur L. is attending
the Grant Sehool. Llo\'d died at nine months iJasl.
The sixth in the order oi birth is Madeline. Mr.
Dunn is a member of Observator\- Lodi^e, No. 2.\
Odd Fellows, also the lineampment, and is just en-
tering the Canton; while Mrs. Dunn is a member of
Josephine Rebekah Lodge. Afr. Dunn is a member
of the Presbyterian Chureh, and in polities is an in-
dependent, believing in suiiportmg the best man and
measures regardless of part_\' preferenees.

JAMES A. SPENCER— A native son of San Jose
and a member of one of the old and honored families
of California. James A. Speneer is well kno\vn in
business eireles of tlie eity as an e.xpert well borer,
having suceessluily followed that oecupation for the
past twenty-three years. He was born August 28,
1865, of the marriage of James C. and Frankie li.
(Laird) Spencer, In 1853 the father started across
the plains for the West and for three years he
followed mining at Nevada City. Nevada, after which
he came to California, settling at McCartysville,
now known as Saratoga, in Santa Clara County.
He purchased a small ranch near the town, devoting
his attention to its improvement and operation and
also engaging in hauling soda Avater from the Con-
gress mineral springs to Santa Clara, the roads in
those early days often being is such condition that
it was necessary to convey the soda water on pack
mules. Mr. Spencer was a native of Columbus,
Ohio, while his wife was born in Illinois, and when
eight years of age she came to California b\- the Isth-
mus route. In 1871 they became residents of San
Jose, where the father engaged in teaming contract-
ing, and also hauled wood from his ranch at Mc-
Cartysville to this city and to Santa Clara. In his
later years he became foreman of the John Tully
ranch of 1,600 acres and acted in that capacity for
twenty-five years. He passed awaj' in 1920, but the
mother is still living and is now seventy-six years of
age. In their family were eight children, five sons
and three daughters.

James A. Spencer acquired his education in the
public schools of San Jose and when sixteen years
of age he started out in life for himself, but in order
to better prepare himself for a commercial career
he took a business course. For a few years he was
employed on ranches and then accepted a position
as foreman of a construction gang employed bj' the
Bay City Water Company at Coyote, California. For
ten years he was thus active and the next three years
were spent as chauffeur for the secretary of that
company. In 1898 he embarked in the well-boring
business, in which he has since continued, and his
services are in constant demand. The excellence of
his work is indicated in the fact that patronage
comes to him unsolicited. He never allows the small-
est detail of his task to be slighted and is thoroughly
reliable and conscientious in all business transactions.
He has confined his operations to the Santa Clara
Valley and has put down wells for the Herbert Pack-
ing Company of San Jose, the Richmond & Chase

Packing Company, also of this city, the Praslan
Seed Company at (iilroy and mnnerous wells at
lulenvale and other parts of the valley.

In San Jose, on March 8, 1890, Mr. Spencer
married Miss Mary Frances Warren, a native of
Saratoga, California, and a daugliter of A. T. and
I'annie Warren, who passed away during her girl-
hood. Her father was associated with Ransom
\\ ilke.s in the operation of a sawmill at Long Bridge,
the plant lieing run by water ]jower. Mrs. Spencer
acquired her education in the schools of Ben Lomond
and Boulder Creek and by her marriage she has
become the mother of three children. Oscar P.
is assisting his father in business, Dorothy Florence
married Chester C. Clevenger of San Jose, who is
also interested in well drilling with his father-in-law,
and they have two children, Dorothy and Betty,
Francis Warren, the youngest of the family, is like-
wise engaged in business with his father. Mr. Spen-
cer gives his political allegiance to the Republican
part_\' and fraternally he is identihed with the For-
esters of America. Fle has never been afraid of
bard work, realizin.g that success is .gained only at
the cost of earnest labor and persistency of purpose,
and that he is a man of strict integrity and moral
worth is indicated by the high esteem in which he is
held by those among whom his life has been passed.

CHARLES GARDNER LATHROP.— For many
years business manager and treasurer of the Leland
Stanford. Jr., Uni\'ersit\', the kite Charles Gardner
L.athro[) was a brother of the late Airs. Leland Stan-
ford, being her junior by twenty-one years and the
yoimgest of a family of seven children, a son of
Dyer and Jane Ann Lathrop. He was born at Al-
bany-, N. v., Ma>- 11, 1849, and educated in the public
schools of Albany, and at an age of fourteen years,
\\ent to work in the L'nion Bank of that city. In
1877 at an age of twenty-eight, he came to California.
At first he engaged in the brokerage business at San
Francisco, then spent some time in the service of the
passenger department of the Southern Pacific, after
which he joined his older brother, Ariel Lathrop, in
the management of Governor Stanford's business
atTairs. Together they opened up the first set of
books that the Governor had ever kept, and when
Stanford b'niversity was founded, the scope of their
artivit>- was enlarged so as to include the affairs of
the LTniversity.

In 1892 Ariel Lathrop returned to the east and
Charles assumed full control of the duties which the
two brothers had previously exercised. After Gover-
nor Stanford's death, in June, 1893, Mrs. Stanford
retained him in the same position, appointing him a
member of the board of trustees, and in 1892 makin,g
him treasurer and business manager of the Uni-
versity. In 1899 Mrs. Stanford in an address to the
board of trustees insured his retention in this respon-
sible position by directing that upon her death "my
brother, Charles G. Lathrop, shall become and remain
treasurer and business manager of the board of
trustees, . . . and 1 wish him to have the same
powers and duties that he now has."

In 1912 Mr. Lathrop felt that the state of his health
required him to be relieved from a portion of his
responsibilities, and therefore formally tendered his
resignation as business manager, but the board per-
suaded him to continue in the office. On January 20,

1022

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

1914, he once more tendered his resignation and
urged its acceptance, saying: "During all these years
1 have tried to serve the interests of the University
faitlifully and to discharge the duties of the position
to the best of my a1)ility. For the last two years,
however, I have felt tliat I have not been m a condi-
tion physical!}- to give the work tlie attention it
requires, and I therefore desire to Ije relieved of the
duties which 1 have l)een discharging in my capacity
as liusiness manager for the board of trustees. My
withdrawal of this office will be a relief to me, and
I am sure, would serve the interests of all con-
cerned," On this occasion the Board accepted his
resignation as business manager with expression of
regret, continuing him, however, as treasurer.

The University lost a most conscientious and faith-
ful servant in Charles G. Lathrop. Lo\-alty to his
sister and to her wishes for the University was the
guiding principle of his life. Any proposal wdiich ran
counter to his conception of her desires met his in-
flexible opposition, and he worked with unwearying
zeal for what he believed would be her plans for
Stanford. His own particular province was the busi-
ness and financial management of the University;
but he manifested keen interest in other departments
of its activities and lent them support. I''or years
he maintained a fund in the library for the purchase
of books relating to California, particularly its early
history, and he was one of the chief contributors to
the medical department library. The undergraduates
in him had a friend ever ready to help finance trips
for their athletic teams, while he liberally offered
trophies to stimulate competition in sports. He was
one of the earliest members of Stanford Union.

Mr. Lathrop's first marriage took place at Albany,
K. Y., in 1870, and united him with Libbie Griswold
of that city, by whom he had two children: Leland
Stanford Lathrop, has one child, Leland Stanford
Lathrop, Jr., and resides at Belvidere, Cal,; Jennie
Lathrop, who is now Mrs. Watson, and resides in
Los Angeles and has two children, Helen and Robert.
Mrs. Lathrop died on July 3, 1885, and on January
19. 1893, at San Francisco, Cal., he was married to
Miss Annie Mary Sehlageter, a daughter of Hermann
and Barbara Ulrich Sehlageter, a native of Mariposa,
Cal., while her parents were both born at Buehl-
Baden, in (Germany, and were married at Louisville,
Ky. They moved thence to San Francisco. Cal., in
the late fifties. The father was a mechanic in earlier
life, but later became a hotel proprietor in Mariposa
County. Mr. and Mrs. Sehlageter had nine children,
Mrs, Lathrop being the eighth. The youngest of the
family is Dr. H. J. Sehlageter of San Francisco, well
known ph3'sician and surgeon, now resigned from the
army. Of Spanish-American and World War fame
he receivf d the rank of lieutenant-eolonel in France
and had charge of U. S. Base Hospital No. 86.

Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Lathrop together selected
the site of their beautiful home at Alta Vista and
together planned and built the palatial residence
where Mrs. Lathrop still lives. It is beautifully
located, overlooking the F^niversity quadrangle and
the campus, as well as San Francisco Bay. Here
Mr. Lathrop enjoyed an ideal familj' life with his
wife and child, a daughter, Hermina, now the wife
of Major Robert Du Rant Harden of Letterman

General Hospital, Presidio, San Francisco, which has
been the place of their domicile ever since the Major's
return from France. They have two children, Jane
Ann and Barbara. Major Harden held the rank of
lieutenant-colonel in the U. S. Medical Corps in the
late war and was in command of U. S. Base Hospital
No. 87, at Toul, France,

F'uneral services for Mr. Lathrop were held in
Memorial Church, Wednesday morning, May 27,
1914, Chaplain Gardner officiating. In religion he
was a Protestant, but Mrs. Lathrop adheres to the
Catholic faith in which she was reared. She careful-
ly keeps up the traditional hospitality of the Lathrop
home and takes a live interest in the great institution
that her husband served so well. A loving mother,
a kind friend and neighbor, she and the Lathrop
name continue to be most highly respected.

FRED E. LESTER,— A native son of Santa Clara
County, 1-red F. Lester was born at the old Lester
family home on South Lincoln avenue, San Jose,
April 5. 1888, a sou of Nathan L. and Sarah E.
(Spicer) Lester, pioneer settlers of the county, repre-
sented on another page in this work. He is next to
the youngest of their seven children and was reared
on the home farm, educated in the public schools and
at the Pacific Coast Business College, where he \vas
graduated in 1908. h rom a boy he was trained in
horticulture and early in life took charge of the home
place and is still operating it, two ranches in all, of
which sixty-seven acres are devoted to prunes.

In 1915 Mr. Lester was married to Miss June Von
Dorsten, the ceremony taking place at her parent's
home, a daughter of Otto F. and Matilda (Snyder)
Aon Dorsten, natives of Colusa and Calaveras coun-
ties, respectively. Her grandfather, H. A. Von
Dorsten, crossed the plains with an ox-team train in
pioneer days and was one of the earliest settlers of
Colusa County, becoming a stockman and grain
grower near I^rinceton; afterwards he came to Santa
Clara County and improved the Von Dorsten orchard
on I'oxworthy road, that is still owned by his two
sons. Mrs. Lester's maternal grandfather, P. N.
Snyder, came to San Francisco via Cape Horn and
was a pioneer miner in Calaveras County, where his
active business life was spent; but he died in Santa
Clara County. His wife, Caroline Hodecker, came
via Panama with her parents to Calaveras County
and married there, and she also died in Santa Clara
County. Mrs. Lester is the oldest of two children
and a graduate of the San Jose State Normal School.

While still operating his mother's ranch, Mr. Les-
ter finds time for still further enterprises. In 1914
he liecame interested and associated with his brothers,
Nathan L, and William W., in a 175-acre orchard
and was active until 1918, when they divided the
property and the partnership was dissolved. He then
became associated with Otto F. Von Dorsten in
orcharding, and they own a splendid orchard on box-
worthy road and a large orchard on Almadcn road,
devoted to the raising of prunes. He is a member
of the California Prune & Apricot Association and
the California Walnut Growers' Association. Mr.
and Mrs. Lester have three children: Edith Annette,
Fred Raymond, and Marjory Alice. In politics Mr.
Lester is a Republican, and he belongs to Fraternity

c

X^A^

r

HISTORY OF SANTA Cf.ARA COUNTY

1025

Lodge No. 399, F. & A. M., of S;m Jose, ami with
his wife is a member of the San Jose Chaiiler No 31,
O. E. S., and both are iiKniliirs of the I'in^t Con,L;rc-
gational Chureh of San Jose.

CHARLES L. BURDICK— .Vniony Santa Clara
County's retired raneliers, in whose life tlie word
sueeess is spelled b\' far-sightedness and persever-
anee is Charles L. Burdiek, who is numbered anions
the G. A. R. veterans of San Jose, with a proud
rceord for service in the stirring days of the Civil
War. Charles L. Burdiek was born in Warren
County, New York, near Atbol and not far from
\\'arrenburg, the eount_\' seat, on Tune 6. 1847, and
was the son of David and Polly (Fuller) Burdiek.
The father was a farmer and a lumberman and his
birthplace was at tbe same place as that of Charles.
David Burdiek was also a brid.ge and barn builder
and Charles learned the business under the instruc-
tion of his father. The Eurdicks trace their family
back as far as 1653, when Robert Burdiek came over
from England and settled at Rutherford, Connecticut.
His great-great-grandfather Burdiek died in battle
during the Revolutionary War, fighting under Gen-
eral Sullivan.

When Charles was eight years old, he came with
his parents to Lake County, Illinois, settling near
Waukegan, but the family lived there only a year,
when they went to Minnesota where his father took
up a timber claim in Blue Earth County near Man-
kato, ^linnesota. However, he did not like the new-
country and there were no schools, so they moved
back to Lake County and here Charles made his
home until the War of the Rebellion broke out. In
February 1864, when he was past sixteen years of
age, he enlisted at Chicago, Illinois, in the Thirty-
ninth Illinois Infantry, serving under General Butler
in the Army of the Potomac at Richmond and was
at Bermuda Hundred. He served in the army until
December, 1865, having been at Appomattox Court
House when Lee surrendered. He was also one of
the soldiers at Norfolk, \'irginia, when it was under
martial law, and Colonel Mann was the mayor of the
town and his forces policed the town and kept order;
in all he spent four months in this city, having also
been stationed in Richmond. He participated in five
of the largest engagements of the war. In 1869, his
father moved to Iowa, and in November, 1870, took
up government land in Sioux County. Charles fol-
lowed his father and took up 160 acres of land during
the year 1871. It was here that David Burdiek
served as township assessor in Lincoln township, and
Charles Burdiek was his assistant; his father also
served as justice of peace of Lincoln township and at
that time Charles Burdiek served as clerk of the same
township. David Burdiek also served on the school
board, and having the interest of the community at
heart, he served in these different positions faithfully.
Charles Burdick's marriage, which occurred March
16, 1869, in Cypress, W'is., near Kenosha, united
him with Miss Annie Lowe, who was born in Lake
County, Illinois, and was the daughter of Warner
and Frances (Bell) Lowe. Her father was a native
of Pennsylvania and the mother was born in Ohio.
Mr. Burdiek and his young wife drove from her
home in Illinois to Iowa, across the country in a
wagon and a span of colts; arriving at his father's
home in Floyd County, they spent the winter of
1871 there and then went on to Sioux County and

took up go\ernment land and lived there until 1878,
when he disposed of this property and came to Cali-
fornui, settling in Monterey County, nine miles from
Kin.g City, and preempted 160 acres of hill land.
Here he engaged in raising stock and hay and in De-
cember, 1888, he came to San Jose, and took up the
business of contract building, specializing in first-
class dwellings and continuing in this business until
he retired in 1920. He is now spending his days very
comfortably, helping others to strive for and gain the
success that he has worked so diligently to obtain.
Mr. and Mrs. Burdiek were the parents of four child-
ren and also are tbe grandparents of five: George B.
resides in San Jose and is in the employ of Richmond-
Chase Company-. He married Agnes Ferguson and
they are the parents of three children — Donald L.,
Kenneth D., and Muriel; Belle became the wife of
.\. E. Reynolds and resides on a farm near Kings
City in Monterey County and she has one son, Har-
old; Maud married A. O. Kent, a plumber of San Jose,
and they are the parents of a son, Keith Kenneth
Kent; Frank B. is a butcher by trade, single, and
living in San Jose. Mr. Burdiek has lived in East
San Jose since 1893, locating there when there were
very few homes in that vicinity. He is very popular
and influential in the city of San Jose; in 1906 he was
one of the organizers and meml)er of the first board
of trustees of East San Jose; served a number of
years on the school board in Iowa and in Monterey
County; is a member of Sheridan-Dix Post No. 7,
(3. A. R., of San Jose, and during the year 1901 was
its commander, and since 1905 has been a member of
the cemetery committee of this post and its secretary
since 1911. In national politics, he is is a stanch ad-
herent to the views of the Republican party. Mrs.
Burdiek is a member of the Ladies of the G. A. R.

MRS. ELLA S. PARKHURST— Since 1878 Mrs.
Ella S. Parkhurst has made her home in San Jose
and as one of the honored pioneer residents of the
city she enjoys the unqualified esteem and regard of
a large circle of friends. She is a native of Michigan,
her birth having occurred about ten miles from Ann
Arlior, and her parents were Thomas and Susan
(Whitehead) Featherly. Her family originally

settled in New York State, whence her father re-
moved to Michigan and for sixty years operated a
farm in that state, passing away there wdien ei.ghty-
two years of age. He was an honored veteran of the
Civil War. in which he served for four years in
Compan}' G, Third Michigan CavalrJ^

The sixth in a family of eight children, consisting
of four sons and four daughters, Ella S. Featherlj^
attended the grammar schools of Whitmore Lake,
Michigan, and in 1875, when twenty-one years of age,
she came to Alarysville, California, being accom-
panied by her oldest and youngest brothers and one
sister. For three years she remained at Marysville
and then came to San Jose, where she was married
October 10, 1878, to Lorenzo Dowe Parkhurst, wdio
was born near Montpelier, Vermont, and came to
California in the '60's. He became the owner of
several hundred acres of land in Sutter County, while
later he conducted a large general merchandise store
at Yuba City and also engaged in the grain business.
Possessing marked executive ability, his interests
were most capably and successfully managed and
after coming to San Jose he lived retired until his
demise, wdiich occurred September 10, 1888, when

1026

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

hu was forty-five years of age. In 1881 he built a
large residence at the corner of Lincoln and Willow
streets, in which Airs. Parkhurst now resides. He
was of English parentage and in his passing San Jose
lost one of its valued citizens, his associates a faithful
friend and his family a devoted husband and father.
Mr. and Mrs. Parkhurst Ijecame the parents of a
daughter, Veda O.. now the wife of George Moore,
w'ho was formerly engaged in merchandising in this
city, and they have a son, Kenneth Parkhurst Moore.
Mr. Parkhurst was a ijason of high standing, having
membership with the order at Marysville, and Mrs.
Parkhurst is a member of the Eastern Star; the
woman's auxiliary of the Maccabees; the San Jose
Circle, Ladies of the G. .-V. R.; and the Loyal Workers
of San Jose, which is a branch of the Woman's
Relief Corps; and for twenty-five years has been
an active member of the local Grange, manifesting
a keen interest in the development, upbuilding, and
progress of Santa Clara County.

GIACOMO PEIRANO.— A pro.gressive and influ-
ential Italian-American who will long be remembered
for his usefulness to his fellow-countrymen in the
Golden State and his successful efforts to help de-
velop this promising portion of the great Pacific
commonwealth, was the late Giaconio Peirano, who
was born near Genoa, Italy, on November 26, 1853,
and when si.xteeii years rjicl crossed the ocean t(j
America. He came on West, and in 1870 arrived
a: Sonora. in Tuolumne County. There he joined
Ids brother, who had come here some years before
and was running a market garden for the miners,
and for a couple or years he remained in his employ.
In 1872 he came to San Jose and started a grocer_\-
al the corner of Market and Saint Augustine streets;
and there he was in business for five years. On
Xovember 2S, 1877, he was married at San Jose to
Miss Anna Savio. a native of I'orino, Italy, whose
father had died when she was a baby, so that she
\vas adopted by a Mr. and Mrs. Giraud, with whom
she came to America by way of the Horn when she
was ten years old. They stayed a short time in Sail
I'rancisco, and then moved inland to San Jose, where
Mr. Giraud was the gardener at tlie College of Notre
Dame. Miss Savio attended school at Notre Dame,
but when she was twelve years old her adopted
mother was taken ill. and after that she had to \vork
tc; care for the invalid. The old Giraud home wa,^
on South Market Street, opposite the Columbia Hos-
pital, and there Mr. Giraud continued to live until
he was eighty-two years of age.

In 1880 Giacomo Peirano went into the commis-
sion business, and bought and sold grain, hay, fruit
and farm products. His sons, Aldo and Paul Peirano,
Joined him, and they had a store at 73-75 North
ifarket Street. In 1907 he sold out and went to
Seattle and there conducted a commission business
until 1910. at which time he returned to San Jose,
leaving Aldo and Paul to run the business. In 1911
Aldo returned to San Jose and Paul took in a part-
iier. but in 1914 he sold out and \vorked for other
Seattle firms. In 1919 Paul returned to San Jose
and opened the Seattle (.Grocery at the corner of
River and Santa Clara streets. On December ><,
1919, Giacomo Peirano passed away, the father
of six children: John died when he was eight years
old; Mary lived for only four months; Aldo is at
home; Paul is the well-known merchant: Joseph

and \era arc both dead. Mrs. Giacomo Peirano
continued to live at the old family home— 31 South
River Street, which they built about 1900.

Paul Peirano attended the common schools in San
Jose, and when old enough he began to help his
father in business. At San Jose, on Easter Sunday
1908, he was married to Miss Clara Solari, a native'
of Murph>', Calaveras Countv, Cak, who passed
aw-.ay m 1911. On June 6, 1915, Mr. Peirano was
again married, this time to Miss Mildred Stinglcy
the daughter of William P. and Celia Anna Stingley'
and a native of Kansas, Her father came to Califor-
nia by way of the Reno route when she w^as a little
girl, and in later years he and his faithful wife were
farmer folk, although at first, as an emigrant travel-
ing m a prairie schooner, he had the mining fever
Mr. and Mrs. Paul Peirano and their family are
all Democrats; and he is a member of Eagles No 1
at Seattle. His father, Giacomo Peirano, was presi-
dent of the Italian-American Society for a number
ol years, and also head of the building of the Italian
Church in San Jose.

JUDGE T. H. MILLER.-Promment among the
most popular hederal officials in Santa Clara County
may well be named Judge T. H. Miller, the efficien't
postmaster at Morgan Hill. He was born at Woods-
town. N. J„ on July 1, 1863, a son of Anthony and
Anna (Hudson) Miller, who came to America from
Ireland, a newly-married couple. His father was a
native of Germany, but his mother was born in Ire-
land; she was a sister of the late Rev. Lather Hudson
of St. Mary's Parish, Gilroy.

In 1867 the Miller family came to California and
located in San Francisco, and at the age of nine
T. H. went to Gilroy and made his home with his
uncle. Father Hudson. Here the lad grew to young
manhood, enjoying an excellent public school educa-
tion; and on graduating, in 1880, he entered the
eniplo;^^ of the Machado Rancho Company, near the
present site of Morgan Hill. In 1888 he acquired,
by purchase, a ranch of fifteen acres on the Watsoii-
ville road, near the State Highway, and there he con-
tinued farming successfully for twenty years.

For the last ten years. Judge Miller has lived at
-Morgan Hill; in 1902 he w^as elected justice of the
peace for Morgan Hill Township, and for twelve
consecutive j-ears he served in that responsible of-
fice. He resigned, in fact, only because, in 1914,
President Wilson appointed him postmaster at Mor-
gan Hill, an office he has conducted to every-
body's satisfaction ever since. He owns the Post
Office building on Monterey street, having erected
it in 1908. Two good rural free delivery routes have
been built up since 1914, and this may be one reason
wdiy, although the Judge is a Democrat, he has been
retained by the present administration. He is a
member and past officer of the American Yeomen.
At San Jose, Cal.. on April 8, 1888, Mr. Miller was
married to Miss Clara \'andervorst, the daughter of
Henry and Johanna Vandervorst of San Jose, where
she was both reared and schooled. Four children
make up the familj-: Thomas J., has a wife and one
son, and resides at San Jose; Harry \"., wdio is now
pursuing the electrical engineering course in the Uni-
versity of Santa Clara, saw service in the late World
War as first lieutenant in the U. S. Army; Frank I.,
is employed by James Slavin at Tres Pnios; and

}^

^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.AKA COUNTY

1029

Albert J., is a student at the Live Oak High School.
'Ilie family attend the Roman Catholic Church of St.
Catherine Parish; the Jud.s^'e is a niemher ol (he
I. O. F. and the American Voeman.

JACOB P. FULMER— An honored veteran of the
Civil War and now retired from active business cares.
Jacob P. Fulnier is enjoying the fruits of years of
toil, content to spend his remaining days in the
beautiful Santa Clara Valley. He was born in the
town of Steuben, Oneida County, New i'ork, Novem-
ber 12. 1843, a son of David and Mary (Schell) Ful-
nier. of old Knickerbocker stock on both sides, the
father following the occupation of farming. They
were the parents of three children, two boys and a
girl. On account of having to assist with the farm
work, the schooling of Jacob P. was very meager,
with no opportunity of attending school after he was
twelve years old. September 6, 1862, he enlisted,
with his father's consent, for he was under age, in
Company I, One Hundred Forty-sixth New York
Infantry under General Warren; later being under
General Jenkins and General Grinnley. The first
battle that his company engaged in was at Fredericks-
burg, Virginia. Following is a list of the battles in
which he was engaged: Bristow Station, Rappahan-
nock, Mine Run, Wilderness, Weldon Road, Chapel
House, Hatcher's Run, White Oak Road, Five Forks
and Appomattox Court House. In the battle of the
Wilderness, he was wounded in the right arm and
started for the hospital at Washington, D. C. He
left by the steamer "State of Maine" but before he
reached the hospital, gangrene had set in and his
sufferings were intense. At the time of his injury
he was a corporal, the bullet piercing his chevron.
He remained in Washington only four days, when
be was removed to Baltimore, as the wounded were
coming in so rapidly that those who were able to
be removed w-ere taken away to make room for
others. He was able to rejoin his companv' in 1864.
His corps was the last to be mustered out at Arling-
ton, Virginia, and he returned to Syracuse, New
York, and was discharged as a sergeant July 16, 1865.
After his discharge from the army, he returned to
his father's home and remained for eight years.

The marriage of Ylr. Fulmer at Booneville, New
York, in 1869 united him with Miss Sarah Hurlburt,
a daughter of Francis and Sarah (Beardsley) Hurl-
burt. Her parents were farmers in Ava, New York,
where Mrs. Fulmer was born and reared. One son,
Francis B.. who now resides in Oakland, was born
to Mr. and Mrs. Fulmer. Mrs. Fulmer passed away
at the family residence at Oneida Castle, New York,
in 1883. The second marriage of Mr. Fulmer, Nov-
ember 11, 1885, united him with Mrs. Jennie (Bris-
tol) Austin, a daughter of Alfred and Sarah Bristol.
She was born and reared in Oneida County, N. Y.,
and taught school two years before her first mar-
riage. Her father was a carpenter by trade, follow-
ing it for years while residing in New York. By her
first marriage Mrs. Fulmer had two children, Nellie,
^Irs. Haskins of Madison, Wisconsin, and Winfield,
who is a cheese buyer in Green Bay, Wisconsin. In
1881, Jacob P. Fulmer took up the trade of cheese
making in Oneida, New York, and was thus engaged
for ten years. Then he removed to Byrds Creek,
Richland County, Wisconsin, and opened a cheese
factory, which he conducted for eight years. In
1901 he sold out his 'interests in Wisconsin and

removed to Corning, Tehama County, California,
when he was engaged in fruit packing. In 1912 the
tamily removed to San Jose and have continuously
resided there since, with the exception of one year
when they lived in Santa Clara.

Mr. I''ulmer is prominent in G. A. R. circles, being
past commander of the Maywood post at Corning,
and is at the uresent time, junior vice-commander of
the Sheridan-Di.K Post No. 7. of San Jose. Mr. Ful-
mer owns considerable real estate in San Jose, among
the more valuable being a half-interest in an apart-
ment house located at 247 West San Carlos Street.
Politically, he is a stalwart Republican, adhering
strictly to the principles as advocated by their plat-
form. With his wife he is a consistent member
of the Centella Methodist Episcopal Church of San
Jose. Mrs. Fulmer is a memljcr of Sheridan-Dix
W. R. C. No. 2, San Jose, being past president of
Maywood Corps. Mr. Fulmer has led an upright,
honorable and useful life in which he has ever dis-
played unfaltering loyalty to high standards of citi-
zenship.

GASTON R. FONTAINE.— A competent and
trusted employe of the Southern Pacific Radroad
Company who has also demonstrated his ability as
a rancher, is Gaston R. Fontaine, the son of the
well-known nurseryman, Henry Fontaine, and his
wife, who was Miss Fannie Plausa before her mar-
riage. Gaston was born in Paris, France, Novem-
ber 9, 1883, the second of a family of seven chil-
dren, his elder brother, who died at the age of
thirty-eight, having been Henry Fontaine, Jr. Mau-
rice and George live at San Jose, Jennie is now Mrs.
Phillips and lives at Oakland; Raymond is with his
mother, in San Jose; and Carmen has become Mrs.
Hubbard, and lives near her sister. Jennie.

In 1893, Henry Fontaine, Sr., came to Kansas
City, and having found a good location about three
miles out of Kansas City, he established himself
in the nursery business, and went in for specializing
in ornamental stock. Thus it happened that Gaston
commenced his schooling at Kansas City and finished
at San Jose, where his father removed in 1898, when
he purchased two acres of land on North Thirteenth
Street, and continued handling fancy stock. He built
a greenhouse on his little ranch, and successfully
developed his enterprise, so that when he died at
San Jose in 1904, he was accounted a worthy citi-
zen, whose services had been of real benefit to the
community. For a number of years, Gaston worked
with his father, and then he left home to accept
a post of responsibility in the service of Mr. Meyers,
who had a fine nursery at Burlingame. At the end
of three years, the offer of the Southern Pacific
Railroad Company drew him into that corporation's
service, and he has been with that concern at San
lose ever since 1907.

At Redwood City, on October 6. 1914. Mr. Fon-
taine was married to Miss Klizal.icth Sprugasci, the
daughter of .\ngelo Sprugasci. a native of Biasca.
in Canton Ticino. Switzerland, who had married
Miss Louise Vanilla; he ua.s a carpenter and bad
the following children: Dorlna. .Vose. Elizabeth.
Adele, Veronica, who fell a victim in 1919 of the
influenza; and Antonio. When she was twenty-three
years of age. iliss Elizaljeth came alone to Califor-
nia, and settled in Santa Clara County. Mr. Fon-
taine has purchased a prune and apricot ranch of
three acres on North Thirteenth Street, near his

1030

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

mother's place, and tliere he has just finished a
modern bungalow home. A naturalized citizen, he
endorses the platforms of the Republican party, and
under the banners of that ,great organization seeks
to march to civic victory.

Gaston Fontaine's brother, Raymond Fontaine,
■served in the World War, entering into service on
November 2, 1917. He trained at Camp Mills, N. Y.,
and in March, 1918, was sent to France with the
intelligence Department of the Eighteenth Infantrj',
hirst Division. He was in many severe battles, in-
eluding the Aisne. Marne, St. Alihiel, Meuse, Ar-
gonne, and the great defensive sector. He was once
gassed with chlorine, but he survived to be one of
twenty-five men who took a strong point in the
lines near Soisson, — the service being estimated by
his superiors as of such hazard and value that he
and his comrades were awarded a inedal for dis-
tinguished bravery. He also was awarded the bravery
shoulder cord by the ]<'rench government. This
redoubt was located on Hill No. 204, and the place
and act are no\v historic.

MRS. MARIA FARRELL.— A woman of strong
character and much business ability is Mrs. Maria
Farrell, the superintendent of Calvary Cemetery,
on Alum Rock Avenue, San Jose. She was born in
County Kildare, Ireland, a daughter of William and
Mary (Sex) Black, the Sex fainily being represented
in this history in the biography of James Patrick-
Sex. William Black was an extensive farmer in
Ireland, owning 150 acres of land, which was con-
sidered a large farm in that country, and here the
parents resided until their death.

The next to the youngest of their four children.
Maria Black attended the national schools of County
Kildare, and in 1888 came to California, locating at
San Jose. The following year she was joined by
her sister. Julia Black, who has made her home with
her ever since. On January 31, 1894, she was mar-
ried to Thomas Farrell, the cereinony taking place
in San Jose. Mr. Farrell was born in County Lang-
ford, Ireland, a son of Patrick and Mary (Farrell')
Farrell, but while they had the same family name
they were not related by consanguinity. They were
tillers of the soil and a fine family. Thomas Far-
rell left his home in Ireland to come to America, set-
tling first in the vicinity of Boston, Mass., where
he engaged in farming until he came to California
in 1885, locating in the Laurelwood district of Santa
Clara County, where he farmed until March, 1894,
when he was appointed superintendent of Calvary
Cemetery, a position he filled ably and well until
his death, on February 11, 1912, a good man, who
was well liked and esteemed by all who knew him,
and a popular member of the Hibernians.

.'\fter Mr. Farrell's death. Mrs. Farrell was ap-
pointed superintendent of Calvary Cemetery in his
stead, as it v.-as but natural that the board of trus-
tees should turn to her. knowing full well that she
was better qualified and more familiar with the
work in connection with the work of the cemetery
than any one else. She has demonstrated her abdity
and business acumen in connection with her po-
sition to the satisfaction of both the people and the
trustees. Mrs. Farrell is a Democrat in national
politics, but is inclined to be nonpartisan in local
affairs. She is a member of the Young Ladies In-
stitute in San Jose, and a woman of much native
ability she is well liked and favorably known.

JOHN LINDSLEY WALLACE.— Now residing
at 6 Mayellen Avenue, San Jose, was born at Win-
nebago City, Faribault County, Minn., on February
12, 1883. He is the oldest son of the union of John
Stower Wallace, a pioneer of Minnesota and Emma
Forbes, another early resident of that state. Mrs.
Wallace vividly remembers the incidents of the rush
to forts and cities for protection following the news
of the great New Ulm Indian massacre. A brother,
Robert Lee Wallace, now a construction engineer
of Los Angeles, is the only other issue from that
marriage. By a former marriage J. S. Wallace had
a daughter, Bertha L., now Mrs. Farrant Putnam, of
San Jose. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wallace trace their
ancestors back to pre-Revolutionary days.

John S. Wallace was a prosperous wood, coal and
lumber merchant in Minnesota, but having made a
couple of visits to California, decided to forego the
discomforts of the severe winters and disposing of
his business interests, came to California in 1895 to
make Santa Clara Valley his permanent home. Be-
mg interested in agricultural pursuits he purchased
seventy acres of orchard property near Cupertino;
and so it happened that although he had commenced
his schooling in Minnesota, John L. Wallace com-
pleted his elementary schooling in the Lincoln Dis-
trict School. This was supplemented by two years'
attendance at the San Jose high school, followed
by a business college course at the Pacific Coast
Business College and further supplemented by a
couple of terms in the James Lick Polytechnic High
of San Francisco.

Following the school work he labored on his
father's ranches until January 1, 1906, when he opened
a small automobile repair shop at 255 South Mar-
ket Street in partnership with Mr. A. C. Hardy. A
year of close attention to business built up such a
promising patronage that larger quarters were nec-
essary and with the assistance of his father the prop-
erty at the northwest corner of Market and St.
James streets was purchased and a large building
erected especially planned for the requirements of
the automobile business. This at that time was the
largest and best garage in California. At this time
Mr. Hardy retired and Mr. Wallace's brother took
his place, the business then being run under the
name of Wallace Bros., until their interests were
sold in 1914. They were early day agents for the
following cars, namely: Rambler, Regal, Hupmo-
bile, Oakland, Chandler and Hudson. As an item
of interest it might be stated that their garage was
a relay point for the first transcontinental and around
the world automobile races.

Subsequent to the automobile business Mr. Wal-
lace and his brother took up the development of a
large tract of land in Arizona; he returning in 1916
to become general ranch development supermten-
dent of The Lewis Company, which connection he
continued until July, 1920. At this time he re-
signed to enter the employ of Wallace & Bush, con-
struction engineers. Upon the removal of their
ofi^ce to Los Angeles Mr. Wallace entered the em-
ployment of the Rice-Greisen Company, brokers.

At Franklin, Sacramento County, on October 7,
1907, Mr. Wallace was married to Miss Helen G.
Holman, a native of California and the daughter of
pioneer settlers; her mother coming to California
via ox emigrant train in the early fifties and her
father by boat from Chile where he was born, the

-^/^iyl

6^V

^CT(r

HISTORY OF SANTA CLAKA COUNTY

103,3

son of a Scotch building contractor. Seven chil-
dren have come to Mr. and Mrs. Wallace, five of
whom are still living. Vivian Alarie died at the age
of three and Mabel Virginia, when live. The others
are, Olive Corrine, Raymond Kenneth, Laverne,
Hugh Lindsle\- and Floyd Holman. IMr. Wallace
belongs to Lodge No. 521. B. P. U. F.Iks, and has
al\va\s registered as a Republican.

HENRY HEBER BURTON— Everything stir-
ring, forceful and vital that is contained in the mean-
ing of the word pioneer hnds its exemplification in
the life histor>' of Henry Heber Burton. There is
no phase of western development with which he is
not familiar and his memory forms a connecting link
between the primitive past and the progressive
present. For many years he was prominently iden-
tified with cattle and ranching interests in the West,
but is now living retired in San Jose at the age of
seventy-eight years, enjoying a w-ell-earned rest. He
was born Xovember 2. 1843, on the Pacific brig
Heber. of Baltimore, while the family were en route
from Australia to Oregon, just as the vessel w-as
crossing the equator, this being in the vicinity of the
ifarquesas Islands. At Honolulu, the ship com-
pleted its voyage and wdiile the parents were await-
ing the arrrival of a schooner to convey them to
their destination in Oregon the babe was christened
by the American consul, being , named Henry in
honor of the captain and Heber for the brig.

His father, John James Burton, was a native of
London, England, and when a lad of nine years
went with his mother to Australia. The paternal
grandfather, James Burton, was a sea captain. He
was captured by the French and held as a prisoner
of war for seven years, being liberated after the
battle of Waterloo. He again took up his sea-
faring life, which he continued to follow until his
demise, which occurred in Cuba as the result of an
attack of yellow fever. The great-grandfather in
the maternal line, Mr. Linnor, was also a native of
England and was conscripted by the British govern-
ment and forced into military service. He was sent
to America to fight the Continental troops in the
Revolutionary W'ar, but at Philadelphia, Pa., de-
serted the British forces and espoused the cause of
the colonists. He enlisted in General Greene's army,
with which he remained for seven years, or until
Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown, \'a., on Oc-
tober 17, 1781. He also defended American interests
in the War of 1812 and after its close he deemed it
safe to return to England, which he had been obliged
to leave without the opportunity of bidding farewell
to his wife and family, who were residing in Lanca-
shire. It was not until 1816 that he again had the
opportunity of seeing the shores of his native land
and he died shortly after rejoining his family.

Owing to the favorable reports of America handed
down to posterity by Mr. Linnor, John J. Burton de-
cided to visit this country. In New Zealand he
had married Margaret W. W'atson, and the}' went
to Australia, and it was while they were making the
trip from that country to Oregon that the subject of
this review was born. In March, 1844, their ship,
which was commanded by Captain Couch, crossed
the Columbia River bar, and it took three weeks to
.get up the river before a landing was made at the
present site of Portland. The father selected North

^ ;nnliill, in V.imhill County, as his place of resi-
dence, there taking up a donation claim of 640 acres
in 1844 and locating the boundaries of his land by
sleppiing it off". He was the first to locate in that
region and this section became a landmark, the other
settlers wdio followed in his wake using his land as
the starting-point from which to measure their
cl.aims. Many years afterward when the government
surveyors came to CJregon it was found that in lo-
cating his land he had only exceeded the correct
measurements by fourteen acres, and they afterward
used this section as the point from which all other
claims ^vere surveyed. At that early period the
only settlement of any size in the state was Oregon
City, which had been founded Ijy the Hudson Bay
Company, of which Dr. John McLoughlin, who be-
came known as "The Father of Oregon," was the
head, the legal tender at that lime being a bushel
of wheat. Mr. Burton engaged in stockraising in
Yamhill County until 1848, when he left his family
on his claim and made his way to California, locat-
ing on the north fork of the American River. There
he engaged in placer mining, in which he was very
successful, the miners in those da>-s taking out about
?1()(1 a day. Having accumulated a good-sized stake,
he returned to his family at the end of seven
months. During his absence four or five other set-
tlers had located in the community and Mr. Burton
began the erection of a home, for which he pur-
chased a small stove, paying for this luxury the sum
of eighty dollars, as it had to be shipped there by
way of Cape Horn. He also bought a wagon and
devoted his energies to the cultivation and improve-
ment of his land, which he at length converted into
a valuable and highly productive property. He en-
dured all of the hardships, trials and privations of
those early days and was numbered among the pion-
eer builders of the state. In the family of Mr. and
Mrs. Burton were eight sons and seven daughters.
Henry Heber Burton, the third child and the
eldest son in the famil}', was nine years of age when
he attended his first school, in a log cabin which
was open for but three months each year, in the
winter season, and in order to reach the school he
was obliged to walk two and a half miles. During
the summer he drove an ox team and assisted his
father with the farm work. Mr. Burton remained at
home until his twentieth year, when he went to the
Orofino district of Idaho, working in the placer
mines there until September, 1864. He reached
home in October of that year, in time to cast his
first ballot for Abraham Lincoln. The Civil War
was then in progress and on the 1st of December,
1864, he enlisted in Company B., First Oregon In-
fantry, under Capt. Ephraim Palmer and Colonel
Curry. He was kept under heavy drill at Fort Hos-
kins, in Linn County, Ore., for a time and was then
ordered to Vancouver, W'ash., expecting to be sent
east in the spring of 1865, but his regiment went in-
stead to Idaho and Utah, where it was split up into
companies, which were used in fighting the Indians.
Mr. Burton's company was first stationed at old
Fort Hall, near the present location of Pocatello,
Idaho, and detachments ordered to various locations,
guarding emigrants from depredations by the In-
dians. He received his discharge at Vancouver,
Wash., on December 4, I86,\ after a year's service.

1034

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Returning home, Mr. Burton engaged in farming
for a year and then attended school at Forest
Grove, Ore., for nine months, after which he went
to Eastern Oregon, in Umatilla County, where he
became identified with the sheep business driving in
1,000 head, and when he sold out his interests four
years later and went to Texas he had about 3,000
head. He first went by team to Denver and from
there took the Pecos route to Texas, being for a
distance of ninety miles without water while going
from the Pecos River to the head waters of the
Concho River. From Concho he proceeded to
Houston, Texas, but the cattle in that section did
not meet his requirements and he went north to
Austin, where he purchased a thousand head, driv-
ing the herd north through Indian Territory, follow-
ing the Chism trail to Caldwell, Kans., and passing
through that state, struck the Arkansas River at
Great Bend. He continued along the Arkansas
River to Colorado and spent the winter on the state
line which divides Colorado from Kansas. Later he
engaged in speculating, buying and shipping cattle
to Chicago from Colorado, Kansas and Texas, and
for three years was thus occupied. In the panic
caused by Jay Cook in 1873 he suffered severe fin-
ancial losses and was obliged to again build up his
business. Going to Missouri, he engaged in buying
and selling cattle, hogs and sheep in small quan-
tities, shipping them to Chicago, and gradually re-
trieved his losses. He then purchased 1,000 head of
sheep in Macon County, Mo., driving them into
Colorado, where he had formerly wintered his cat-
tle. At the end of two years he sold his sheep and
drove overland to I'"ort Worth, Texas. There he con-
ducted a livery stable and wagon yard until the
death of his wife, in 1877, when he rented the wagon
yard and was on the police force for two years.

Subsec|uently Mr. Burton disposed of his interests
at Fort Worth and returned to Yamhill County,
Ore., where he farmed four years, at the end of
which period he sold his property there and went
to Portland. He became connected with the North-
ern Express Company of that city and for twenty-
eight years remained in their employ, doing faithful
and efficient work. He then came to California,
reaching Gilro\' in January, 1912, but at the end of
a year purchased a small ranch at Old Gilroy, upon
which he made his home until December 12, 1918.
He then sold the property and took up his residence
in San Jose, where he has since lived retired.

Mr. Burton has been married twice. His first
wife was Miss Lizzie Scott, whom he wedded in
Macon County, Mo., in August, 1873. She was born
near Peoria, 111., and as a child removed with her
parents, Solomon and Martha, (Davis) Scott, to
Macon County, Mo., where she .grew to woman-
hood. Following her denn'se he was married at Bar-
num, Texas, to Mrs. Mary F. Davis, who by a pre-
vious union had Ijecome the mother of five children:
William, Leona, Etta, Harold and John. ,She was
liorn in Pike Count\-, Mo., a daughter of Franklin
and Nancy Robb, who were of Scotch descent and
became residents of Adams County, 111. I'hree
sons of Mr. and Mrs. Robb defended the Union dur-
ing the Civil War, while two others were soldiers
in the Confederate Arm_\'. After reaching mature
years ilrs. Burton removed to Fannin County,

Texas, where she was married to the subject of this
review. On December 13, 1918, she suffered a para-
lytic stroke and on February 14, 1920, she passed
away. Mr. Burton's son, Harry Elmer Burton, born
in Yamhill County, Ore., June 10, 1881, is now assist-
ant superintendent of the San Jose branch of the
Peninsular Railroad. He was married at Gilroy to
Miss Bertha Fine and they have become the parents
of four children: Harold Heber, Raymond Dwight,
Elmer De Forest and Adda Frances. One grandson,
Harry Davis, participated in the World War, serv-
in,g in the Marines, and two nephews, Walter B.
Anthony serving in the Aviation Corps, and Harrv
AVilliams was in the Infantry.

Mr. Burton is a stanch supporter of the prin-
ciples and candidates of the Republican party, with
which he has been identified since age conferred
upon him the right of franchise. He is a valued
member of Sheridan-Dix Post No. 7, G. A. R., of
San Jose, and is now serving as its commander. His
has been an eventful life of varied experiences, and
his course has been characterized by integrity and
honor in every relation, commanding for him the
respect and goodwill of all with whom he has been
associated.

JAMES WILSON.— An estimable pioneer of the
Santa Clara Valley, James Wilson has spent nearly
fifty-six years of his life here, coming to California
with his parents, William and Mary (Scott) Wilson,
both natives of England, in 1866. They made the
journey by w-ay of Cape Horn in a sailing vessel,
it requiring six months to complete the journey to
San Francisco, and soon after landing there the
famih' came to Santa Clara County, where the
father secured employment in the New Almaden
mines. While employed at his labor he lost his life
by a cave-in; the mother also met an accidental
death through a fall, and wdien she died, left four
boys to mourn her loss, James, William, Joseph, now
dead, and Robert, born in California, and the three
live in Santa Clara County.

James Wilson was the oldest of the family and was
born in Yorkshire, England, April 13, 1859. He at-
tended school a short time in his own country and
finished his school daj'S in the public schools at
Almaden. His first W'Ork was on a ranch; after that
he went to Oregon, hoping to take up Government
land, but did not like the climate, but meanwhile he
made seven trips on a coastwise steamer between
San Francisco and Portland, Ore., as a fireman.
During the time he was in Oregon the first rail was
laid for the Oregon Short Line railroad; also the
Oregon City locks were built. Another frontier
experience was his participation in the Modoc War.
He was making a trip on horseback from Albany,
rjrc., where he made headquarters for two years, to
Goose Lake, Cal., and he and his companion were
surrounded by Indians; they had to protect them-
selves, and so joined the settlers and remained in the
fight until the Redmen were subdued and the chief-
tains caiitured. Mr. Wilson received two bullets m
his left leg during the encounter. After he left the
sea he worked again on a ranch here, then was em-
])loyed as hoisting engineeer, helping in the construc-
tion of the State Asylum at Agnew, also at the
building of the San Jose State Normal School. Later
he became a teamster and hauled all the sand rock
from the ((uarry at Almaden to the railroad in San

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTS'

1039

San Jose that was used in building tlie L'nion League
Club building in San Francisco.

It had always been 'Mr. Wilson's plan to have a
ranch of his own and in 1906 he was able to buy a
place on McClellan and Regnart roads, and to this
he has added until he now has fifty-one acres of tine
orchard, prunes, apricots, peaches and a vineyard,
having set out the trees and vines with his own
hands and carefull> tended them until now he has
one of the best producing ranches in the county. He
is a thorough and competent orchardist, studying the
best methods of getting the most out of his land;
and has put all of the improvements seen on the
place after his own ideas of comfort and convenience.
He is a charter member of the California Prune and
Apricot Association; is always ready to assist every
worthy cause for the betterment of local conditions;
supports vigorously the good roads movement and
other transportation facilities; believes in maintaining
the schools to their highest efficency and is counted
a man alwa\s to be relied upon at all times as a
good citizen, friend and neighbor. In 1922, ]Mr. \y'\\-
son added to his holdings twenty acres of land ad-
joining his home place, set to prunes and apricots,
and considered one of the best ten-year-old orchards
in the county. This gives Mr. Wilson seventy-one
acres in a body, excepting the right-of-way for the
railroad.

The marriage of James \Vilson, on Ma>' 1, 1884,
united him with Miss Phillippa Tucker, who came
from her native country, England, to California when
she was a child. They became the parents of three
children: Thomas, Mary and Richard, all born, reared,
educated and living in Santa Clara County. Mrs. Wil-
son and her husband shared their joys and sorrows
together during the many years they were spared to
each other, and her passing on January 9, 1914, was a
severe loss to family and friends. Mr. Wilson has
taken two girls into his home to rear and educate. In
politics he is a Democrat in national aif^airs. and fra-
ternally is a member of the Odd Fellows and of
the Woodmen of the World. Besides his ranching
interests he is also a stockholder in the Cerro Gordo
Gold Hill Mining Company. It has been his privi-
lege to witness the great transformation in Santa
Clara County, and in fact the entire state, since his
first settlement here fifty-six years ago. A loyal citi-
zen, no one can say that James Wilson has ever
shirked a duty and he has a host of friends through-
out the entire countv.

MATTHIAS KNOEPPEL. — Faithfulness and
reliability have been the factors in the life of Mat-
thias Knoeppel which have finallj' resulted in his
present responsible position of trust. He was born
at Trier in Rhine Province, Germany, February 13,
1864, the son of Bernard and Maria (Linn) Knoep-
pel, farmers in their native land. Matthias was edu-
cated in the public schools of Germany, with no
chance of a college education, his spare time being
spent in helping with the work on the farm, being
the eldest of a family of four. Thus he was em-
ployed until he was old enough to enter the army
of his country and for three years, from the time
he was twenty until twenty-three he served in the
German army. In 1888 he came to the United States
and for two years he worked in the rolling mills of
Pittsburgh, Pa., then went to Chicago and worked
in the stockyards for a year and a half. In 1891 he
came to California, settling in the Santa Clara Val-

ley, and lor lilleen years ua^ with the Santa Clara
\ alley Lumber Compan>', meanwhile residing on
North Seventeenth Street continuously. He then
was employed as superintendent of the Glenwood
Lumber Company's yards on North Third Street,
v^,in Jose, and has continued with them up to this
lime. Ill September, 1905, he jmrchased a two-and-a-
li;ilf-acre place on Jackson A\'eiiue on which he con-
structed a comlortable and commodious residence.
.Mr. Knoeppel's marriage occurred in Pittsburgh,
Pa., June IS, 1890, and united him with Miss Louisa
Barth, also a native of Germany born in Wurtcm-
burg, whose people also were farmers. She came
to the United States in 1887 alone and worked in
Pittsburgh until her marriage. They are the parents
of four children, Matthias Jr., Lewis, Mary and
Kmma. Matthias Jr. married a Miss Rul)y Ele>'
and they have a son, Ross. Mary is now Mrs. Law-
rence Henericks. Politically- Mr. Knoeppel is a
Republican. He takes great pride in beautifying his
home place and the family enjoys the products of
a tine home .garden.

FRANK E. CHAPIN.— An e.-cpenenced, .onscien-
tious and far-seeing railroad man who i^ able to
make the rare and proud boast that during N'ears of
N'aried administration, he has never had a railroad
strike to contend with, is Frank E. Chapin, the gen-
eral manager of the Peninsular and the San Jose
railroads. I'ortunate at the very beginning of his
career in first seeing the light in California, he ^\■a^
born in Tuolumne County on January 28, 1857, the
son of Edward R. Chapin, who married Miss Ann
Keech. They both crossed the Isthmus of Panama,
and settled tor a while in Tuolumne County, where
Mr. Chapin established himself as a mining engineer,
and when be removed to San l■ranci.■^co in 1864. he
soon made a name for himself as a building con-
tractor. He died in 1869, hi.ghly esteemed for his
progressive methods and his unfailing integrity; and
his devoted widow" has since passed away, beloved
b\' all who knew her womanh' virtues.

I'rank profited from his public school and business
college training, and in 1874 entered the service of
the old Market Street railway s>'stem. Removing
to Stanislaus County, lie was employed by the La
Grange Hydraulic Ditch ilining Company for four
years, and when lie came back he joined the Cali-
fornia Street Railroad Compan\- in 1879 as a con-
ductor and also a grip-man. In time he was made
starter and then assistant superintendent, which ol-
fice he held from 1882 to 1904; and in that >ear he
came to San Jose as general manager of the San
Jose and Los Gatos Interurban Railroad. This was
incorporated into the Peninsular Railroad and then
the compaiu' purchased all the city lines of San Jose
and incorjiorated them under the name of the S.m
Jose Railroad. No\v Mr. Chaiiin is general mana-
ger of both corporations, and an honored member
of the San Jose Chamber of Commerce, of tlie
Rotary Club, and of the Commercial Club.

Popular as a fraternal fellow, Mr, Chaiiin b,old>
membership in the Masonic order, the Odd lellow--.
the Encampment, the Elks and the Native Sons of
the Golden West. He takes a deep interest in tin-
welfare of the men under his employment ,-lih1
authority, and never lets an oiiporlunit}- escajie him
to improve their situation and prospects; with the

1040

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

natural result that no railroad manager in all the
world could enjoy a more grateful or heartier sup-
port from the employes. This is a fortunate circum-
stance for the public and may account for much of
the excellency in the service afforded steadily by the
t'.vo corporations mentioned.

Air. Chapin was united in marriage in San h'ran-
eisco to Miss Josephine Walsh, daughter of Hon
Thos. Walsh of Eureka, Cal, where she was born.
Mrs. Chapin passed away on March 26, 1922, having
lieen in ill-health for the past two years.

ALPHONZO M. KELLEY.— Although not a
Californian by birth, Alphonzo M. Kelley has spent
so much of his life in this state that he is thoroughly
acquainted with its possibilities and intelligently con-
versant with its history. He was born near Clinton,
III, on January 5, 1860, and is the son of Dr. Thomas
Kelley, whose long and useful life was spent in al-
leviating the sutTerings of others. His grandfather,
Alexander Kelley, was born near Barboursville, Ky.,
a son of James Kelley, who immigrated from Ireland
in an early da\' and settled in Kentucky, but later
removed to Illinois, and he passed away in Clinton.
The farm of Alexander Kelley was located six miles
southeast of Lincoln, near Two Mile Grove, in Logan
County, 111., and there his oldest child, Thomas Kel-
ley, was born September 18, 1836. In 1841 the family
removed to Dewitt County, 111., where grandfather
Kelley engaged extensively in farm pursuits until his
death. His paternal grandmother was Miss Lucinda
Anderson before her marriage, who was born in Ohio.
Her father was Joel Anderson, a native of Pennsyl-
vania, of Scotch descent, and was a farmer by oc-
cupation. At twenty years of age Thomas Kelley
began to teach school in Dewitt County; later he
took up the study of medicine under Dr. John
Wright. On August 24, 1861, he enlisted as a pri-
Y'dte in Company K, Forty-first Illinois Infantry,
and at Bird's Point, Mo., was mustered into the army
of the Tennessee, with which he participated in the
battles of ]'"orts Henry and Donelson, Pittsburg
Landing, Shiloh. Hatcher's River, Coldwater, Miss,;
siege of Vickburg, Jackson, Miss.; and the Georgia
campaign from Resaca to the fall of Atlanta. While
on the Jackson battlefield, Mr. Kelley was promoted
to be first lieutenant of Company K, and there too
he was wounded in the right thigh; he made his
escape from the field and after his recovery rejoined
his regiment and remained at the front until the ex-
piration of his term of service and was mustered out
at Springfield, 111., October 8, 1864. He then en-
gaged in farming and continued his medical studies
under Dr. Wright and in 1868 entered Rush Medical
College from which he was graduated in 1871; in the
fall of the same year he came to California and set-
tled in the Santa Clara valley. In 1875 he became a
partner of Dr. Benj. Cory, a pioneer physician of
San Jose, and remained with him for sixteen years.
Most of his time was devoted to his professional
duties, but he found time to engn.ge in the fruit in-
dustry. He purchased a tract of 150 acres in
Tulare County, which was planted to orchard and
vineyard, but was later sold. He married Miss Alice
Leeds, a native of Batavia, Ohio, and she died in
Illinois during the war. Our subject is the only son
of that union. Dr. Kelley's second marriage united
him with Mrs, Sarah A. Watkins, a native of Ohio,

who passed away in 1902 in San Jose. Three daugh-
ters and one son were born to them: Mrs. C. H.
Leadbetter, of Portland, Ore.; Mrs. B. B. Alexander,
of San Diego, Cal.; and Mrs. F. A. Towner, of San
Jose. Dr. Kelley was active in county and commit-
tee work of the Republican party, and during the
administration of President Harrison, in 1891, was
appointed postmaster of San Jose and held the office
for over four years; he served as county physician
and \vas engaged as surgeon to the O'Connor Sani-
tarium. He was made a Mason in Illinois. He
passed away at the age of sixty-seven at the family
home on Third and William streets, San Jose, on
February 14, 1906.

Alphonzo M. Kelley \^-as educated in the schools
of San Jose and in 1884 received his A. B. degree
from the College of the Pacific and his A. M. in
1886 from the same institution. During his father's
incumbency he served as assistant postmaster of San
Jose. For a number of years he taught in the public
schools of the county, and also was city editor of the
Mercury during the last year of the ownership of
Mr. Owen. In 1898 he purchased a tract of 160
acres situated on the Llagas road and has resided
there since 1900.

Mr. Kelley has been married twice. The first mar-
riage, in October, 1893, united him with Miss Meggie
L. Robb, well-known as a teacher in the high school
of San Jose. She died in 1898, and the second
union occurred on March 21, 1907, and united him
with Miss Janet Whitehurst, a daughter of the late
A. Whitehurst, banker and lumberman of Gilroy,
Cal. Politically Mr. Kelley is a Republican and has
been on the county central committee from his dis-
trict. His culture and social qualities draw to him
many lasting friendships, and he is esteemed and
respected for his true worth.

PONTUS OSTENBERG.— Among the alert
>-oung business men of San Jose is numbered Pontus
Ostenberg, who is conducting one of the leading in-
dustrial enterprises of the city, being associated with
his Ijrother in the manufacture of deep well pumps,
and although recently established, the business has
already assumed large proportions. Mr. Ostenberg
was born in Des Moines, Iowa, June 3, 1886, a son
of John A. and Amelia Ostenberg, who reared a
family of five children. One of the sons, Zeno Os-
tenberg, is a graduate of Leland Stanford Univer-
sity and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
He was a lieutenant in the World War, being in
the Naval Aviation service, and was stationed suc-
cessively at North Island, San Diego, and Pensacola,
Fla. The father is a master mechanic and for sev-
eral years was prominently identified with business
interests of San Jose but now lives in Los Angeles.
Pontus Ostenberg remained in his native state
until eight years of age, when he accompanied his
parents on their removal to Vermont, where they
resided for four years. When he was twelve years
of age the family home was established in San Jose
and he here attended the public schools. On lay-
ing aside his textbooks he began working for his
father, who was engaged in the building of engines,
manufacturing the Ostenlierg motor and also being
the inventor of the Victory oil motor. His brother
Neroy, who is also a native of Des Moines, Iowa,
enlisted on June 27, 1917. He became a member

IP ^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

1043

of the Naval Reserve ami tor thirteen months w.is
in training" at the camp at San Pedro, Cal. He then
went to Mare Island, where he remained for a short
time, after which he was stationed at the suhmarine
hase at San Pedro. He enteretl the service as a
second class machinist, and was furloughed to the
Reserve on June 25, 191'', as a hrst class machinist.
In 1919, in association with his hrother Nero>-,
Pontus Ostenherg openetl a shop on West Santa
Clara Street in San Jose, where they have since en-
gaged in the manufacture of deep well pumps. Both
are expert mechanics, having inherited their al)ilit\
along this line from their father. They manufacture
the Ostenberg deep well pump, which they have
protected by patents, h'rom its inception the busi-
ness has been a success and their present yearly
output is thirty pumps, which they expect to increase
to 100 in the near future. In the conduct of his in-
terests ILr. Ostenberg displays sound judgment, en-
terprise and marked administrative ability- and suc-
cess in substantial measure is rewarding his etTorts.

MRS. MELINDA C. PLANK. — A highly-
esteemed woman who is particularly interesting as
a successful manager of large affairs, is Mrs. Me-
linda C. Plank, who was born in Gua}'mas, Sonora,
Mexico, on October 12, 1847, the daughter of Charles
Rich Conant, a native of Pittsford, Ya., where he was
born on December 5, 1807 a lineal descendant of the
celebrated Roger Conant, the founder of Salem,
ilass., and the first governor of that colony, contin-
uing in office three years as stated in the Conant
genealogy. Roger Conant was born in Devonshire,
England, on April 9, 1592, and our subject is of the
eighth generation of Conants in America. Roger
was married in London, England, in November, 1618,
and came out to Massachusetts in 1623 on the vessel
named "Anne." Fort Conant, now known as Stage
Fort, was named after him. In time, Charles Rich
Conant moved to Putnam, Ohio, with his parents,
and came in 1830, with the David Crockett party to
Texas, later coming to Mexico, traveled through So-
nora and at Buena Vista, in 1840, he married Miss
Simona Maldonado, then settled at Guaymas. He
became interested in both lands and mines in So-
nora, Mexico, but in 1849 he rushed north to Cali-
fornia at the news of the discovery of gold, return-
ing the next year to Mexico to bring his family to
California. He and his wife had six children, and
they were named Charles, Thomas, James Francis,
Mary Melinda, — the subject of our review; Simona
Frances and Joseph Benjamin.

Charles R. Conant and his family settled at Stock-
ton in the spring of 1850, living on the vessel Attila,
which he partly owned, and for a short time the
prospects were satisfying, and then he went to Stan-
islaus County and there built a dam on the Stan-
islaus River, intending to use the water for irrigat-
ing land. But just as the dam was about com-
pleted, a freshet washed it away in 1852. He then
came back to Stockton and bought an interest in a
foundry, -svhich he conducted for years. He was
really a physician by profession, as his father be-
fore him had been, although he was interested in
these various enterprises, and for sixteen years he
had practiced medicine before coming to California,
and during the early cholera epidemic he and Dr.
McLean were the only doctors to fight the epidemic
in Stockton. He had an interest in mines at Cop-

peropolis, Cal., hut he died eventually near Alamas,
Alexieo, in 1863. His wife had died there eight
months i)reviously.

.Miss Melinda Conant was married at Alamos,
Mexico, on July IS, 1868, to Frederick Plank, a na-
tive of Cold Springs, N. Y., wdiere he was born on
November 2, 1843 the son of Philip and Mary Plank.
Philip Plank, a mechanic bj- trade, spelled his name
PlaiKiue; and in 1851 Frederick accompanied his
parents from New York to California by way of
Panama, and later he and his father went to Sonora,
Mexico, where Dr. Plank became interested in
mining in the Alamos district. At the time of their
marria.ye. Dr. Plank's father was chief engineer of
the Mint at Alamos, Sonora, Mex., and he also was
interested in mines in Chihuahua. After their mar-
riage. Dr. Plank continued mining very successfully,
in Baucari, and located many valuable claims, but
in 1884, the couple moved back to California and
lived at San Francisco until 1888, wdien they re-
moved to San Jose. While here Dr. Plank bought
the David Spence property on the Alameda, and also
bought lots and several orchards, improved them and
sold at a profit. Later still, they moved back to
Lower California, engaged in mining near Los An-
geles Bay, and stayed there until 1906, when they
returned to San Jose. Dr. Plank then bought the
Rudolf Spence home on the Alameda, and there the
family lived until 1920, when they moved to 326
North Sixth Street.

Mr. and Mrs. Plank had a family of seven chil-
dren: Frederick died, aged twenty-eight; William,
at home; Francis died, aged thirty-one, leaving a
son, Frederick Edmund; Amelia, Mrs. C. C. Coo-
lidge of San Jose and mother of four children, Elea-
nor, Frederick, Adele and Claire; Adela, wife of
J. W. A. Pearson of Mexico City; Charles at home,
and Alary Lucy who died in infancy. Dr. Plank
passed away while in San Francisco on December
29. 1911, and is buried in San Jose. Mrs. Plank
still has extensive mining interests in Lower Cali-
fornia and lands in Sonora, Mexico, and still re-
tains the old hacienda at Baucari.

WILBUR H. DRAPER.— A successful career is
that of M'ilbur H. Draper, a native son of San Jose,
who has worked his way steadily upward until he
now occupies the position of manager of the George
B. McKee Paint Company and is most capably dis-
charging the responsible duties which now devolve
upon him. He was born August 2, 1887, a son of
Edwin W. and Martha J. (Beck) Draper, the former
a native of Jackson, Mich. In 1863 the father crossed
the plains to California, first going to San Fran-
cisco, where he lived for two years. He then re-
moved to Livermore, purchasing a 200-acre farm in
the Panoche Creek country and devoting his atten-
tion to the raising of grain and stock. For eight
years he operated that place, which he then sold,
and coming to San Jose, he engaged in threshing
grain for many years, having a Minnesota Chief
thresher. He became well known in that connection,
operating in the San Joaquin and Santa Clara Val-
leys, engaging in threshing in the former locality
for ten successive seasons and also going as far south
as Salinas. In Centerville, Alameda County, he mar-
ried Miss Martha J. Beck, a native of Missouri, and
purchasing a five-acre tract in San Jose, he there
made his home until his demise on December 24,
1918, this ranch being now occupied by the subject

1044

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

of this rivicw and his mother. In the family
were three children: Wilbur H.; Edwin A., in The
Willows; and Mrs. F. E. Whipple, who is residing
In East San Jose.

>ilr. Draper attended the grammar and high
schools of San Jose and the Cox Business College
and for four ycar^ assisted his father in threshing.
In 1907 he entered the employ of the George B.
McKee Paint Company, starting in as an appren-
tice and steadily advancing through merit and ability
until he is now serving as manager. He thoroughly
understands all phases of the business and this prac-
tical knowledge, combined with his keen insight and
sound judgment, has enabled him to so manage
the affairs of the company that its trade has shown
a steady growth. In his political views Mr. Draper
is a Republican and is a Scottish Rite Mason and
a Shriner of Islam Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S.

ELIJAH M. SALEEBY— The vicinity of San Jose
and surrounding country are fortunate indeed to
have as able and conscientious a druggist to care
for the physical welfare of its citizens as is found
in Elijah M. Saleeby, who is the proprietor of the
University Drug Company, located at SO East Santa
Clara Street. Mr. Saleeby was born in Mt. Lebanon,
Syria, on April 8, 1878, and was the son of Mitry
and Helena Saleeby, the father being the superin-
tendent of schools of Mt. Lebanon. The Free Church
of Scotland had sent ministers and missionary teach-
ers to these schools to educate the youth, and Mr.
Saleeby's father, who was an educator, had the direc-
tion of these schools in his hands. The father lived
to be an old man, having attained the age of eighty-
two years when he passed away in 1920, his wife
having preceded him many years ago.

Elijah Saleeby attended the public schools and the
high schools in Mt. Lebanon and then entered the
American College of Pharmacy in Beirut, graduating
at the age of twenty-two years with the degree of
Ph. M. During the year 1901 he went to Egypt and
took a position, where he worked for a period of
two years, and then came to New York in 1903. He
did graduate work in New York College of Pharmacy
and spent four years in New York City as a pharma-
cist, after which he voyaged to the Philippine Is-
lands, became the chief pharmacist in the U. S. Civil
Hospital for a short time, and then was the chief
pharmacist of the Philippine (jeneral Hospital for
two j-ears. He then left the government work and
opened a drug store at Zamboanga, in the Philip-
pines, which he conducted for eight years, and dis-
posing of this fnisiness he became the manager of
the Martini Drug Company at Manila, P. I., at
which place he stayed for one year. The year 1919
marks the returning of Mr. Saleeby to the United
States, at which time he made an extended trip;
starting from San I'rancisco, he traveled via Los
Angeles, Denver and Washington, D. C, to Penn-
sylvania, visiting his wife's people, who lived at
Altoona. Pa., and also visited his friends in New
York, and returned to California, this time settling
in San Jose. He arrived during the month of July,
1919, and in August of the same j-ear he purchased
the University Drug Company of San Jose, which
he has since conducted with gratif\-ing success.

Mr. Saleeby's marriage, which occurred on De-
cember n, 1917, in Manila, P. I., united him with
Miss Laura Teeter, who is a native of Pennsylvania,
having been born near Altoona, the daughter of .An-

drew and Katherine Teeter, and they are the parents
of one son, Charles. Mr. Saleeby is a very public-
spirited man and is interested in the progressive de-
velopment of the country; is very popular in the
San Jose Progressive Business Men's Clubs and is
an active member of the San Jose Chamber of Com-
merce. He is also a Mason, having taken the thirty-
second Scottish Rite degrees, and is a member of
Nile Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., at Seattle, Wash.,
and he is also a member of the Sciots and Eastern
Star and of the Alameda and Santa Clara County
Pharmaceutical Associations. In national politics
his inclinations favor Republican principles.

ORA P. MILLS. — In each conununity are found
men of business enterprise whose particular line of
work has made them real builders of the prosperity
of the county, and among them is Ora P. Mills, well
known in business circles as a pump and irrigation
expert. A native of California, he was born in Yolo
County, at Cache Creek, in March, 1862, a son of
E- and Millie Mills. In the early 'SOs his father
(lossed the plains to California and engaged in the
cattle business on an extensive scale. Subsequently
he purchased 640 acres near A'allejo, Cal., upon
which he continued to reside until the sixties, when
he left that locality owing to Indian troubles, and re-
turned to Yolo County. In 1873 he removed to San
Jose, and soon afterwards removed to Santa Maria
Valley where he resumed his operations in the cattle
business, winning a substantial measure of success
in the conduct of his interests along that line.

After completing his grammar school course, Ora
P. Mills yielded to the fascinations of circus life and
ran away from home, concealing himself in one of the
show wagons after the evening performance. He
vas not discovered until they had proceeded some
distance from San Jose and the foreman of the
canvas men at first threatened to send him back
l:ome, but speedily changed his mind when Ora dis-
pla>'ed his skill as a tight rope walker in walking
up one of the guy ropes on the tent. He was but
thirteen years old at the time he joined the circus,
which was known as the Montgomery Queen Circus,
and during that season they exhibited at Gilroy.
Salinas, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Santa
Paula and Los Angeles, going up the San Joaquin
\"alle}- to Sacramento. Subsequently Mr. ilills
toured the entire Middle West with the circus, leav-
ing the outfit at St. Louis, Mo., to accept a more
.■ittractive salary offered by the manager of the lore-
paugli Show. He was an expert performer and ^^as
the first performer to walk the tight rope from liole
tc ijole without a balance rod. For six years ni all
be remained in the business and then having had his
fill of circus life, returning to his home in San Jose,
which be had visited twice during that interval.

.\fter returning to San Jose, Mr. Mills purchased
a lot on the corner of Santa Clara and Orchard
streets, which he has since owned. Going to Rcd-
wooA City, Cal., he worked as a machinist and car
repairer for a time at that place and then made Ins
wa_\- to Sacramento, -.vhere for some years he was
employed in the shops of the Southern Pacific and
later in the San Jose yards, remaining with that
company until the time of the strike. He then imr-
chased a ranch of thirt\--threc acres at Evergreen,
which he set to orchard and devoted his time to the

HISTORY OF'SANTA CLARA CoLIN'PY

1(>47

raising of prunes, apricots and pcaclu-s, Iml Has
compelled to give up the place owing to his u\aliiliu
to secure water for irrigation, the elfurts of three
drilling crews having proved fruitless. lie then de-
cided to enter the i.lrilling and pump Inisiness ami
has since heen active along this line, in which he
has become recognizecl as an authority in tlu' Sanl.i
Clara \"alle_\'. He handles all kinds of deep-well
pumps, including centrifugal, turbine and lift punip>
In 1888 he brought in a \vell on a ten-acre ranch
belonging tei his mother's estate and it prc)\ed so
successful that a number of farmers in the vicinity
were able to obtain a supply of water from it. He
has made an exhaustive study of irrigation and has
been very successful in his horticultural operations.
The fiuit from his ten-acre farm in The Willows
was the finest in size and tla\'or delivered to the
East Side Dr\er in which be was a stockholder. He
has the credit of being among the first to establish
an irrigating system in the valley.

In San ^lateo City, Cab, June 10, 188", }i| r. Alills
was married to Miss Delia F. McElhany, a native
of W'illitts. Cab, and a daughter of James M. and
Mary (Ford) McElhany. The family name was
originally E"ore, of French origin, and was changed
to Ford. Mr. McElhany was of Scotch-Irish and
Knickerbocker stock and settled in California and
became a pioneer rancher of Mendocino County, sub-
sequently he engaged in merchandising at Santa
Maria. He built the first store, first hall, owned
and operated the first new^spaper, the Santa Maria
Times. Both parents are still livin.g. Jilrs. Mills was
educated at Healdsburg, Cal., and by her marriage
she has become the mother of four children: Eldon
Cecil, a resident of San Jose; Mrs. Lulu Maxey, also
of San Jose, has three children, Zola, Junior and
Kathleen; Delora W. is Mrs. Taylor of Berkeley and
has one child, Naomi G.; and Ora P., Jr., who is
attending San Jose high school. In his political
views Mr. Mills is a stanch Democrat and fraternall\"
he is connected with the Woodmen, being a member
of the lodge of that order at San Jose.

MRS. DELIA VOLKERS,— Coming to San Jose
a half century ago. ^Irs. Delia Volkers has been an
interested witness of the growth and development
of this section of the state and her reminiscences
of the early daj's are most interesting and instruc-
tive. A native of the East, she was born in Rens-
selaer County, X. Y., her parents being James and
Mary ( McGann) Linehan, who were born in County
Clare, Ireland. They came separately to the United
States and were married in New York State in
about 1848 and were engaged in farming in Rens-
selaer County. N. Y. In 1870 thev^ came to San
Jose, where they established their permanent resi-
dence, the father passing away in his eighty-fourth
year, while the mother's demise occurred when she
was seventy-six years of age. They reared a family
of nine children, of whom the subject of this review-
was the second in order of birth.

Mrs. 'Volkers attended the public schools of New
York until ten years of age. As a child she recalls
the Civil "War, with its harrowing experiences, and
also the death of Lincoln. She came with her
parents to California in 1870 the journey being
made by way of the Isthmus of Panama, She con-
tinued her studies in San Jose, becoming a pupil at

Ihe uld Thirteenth Street School and then at Notre
I Mine College, and continuing at home until April
1-. 188,v when she was married at the Santa Clara
■Missu.n t.) August Henry Volkers, a native of Nicn-
biirg, Germany, ,-ind a son of William \'. and Sophie
\ olkers, the former a butcher by trade. When a
.vouth of fourteen years he came to the United
States, crossing the continent to California on an
emigrant r.ailroad train. Previous to his marriage
Mr. \olkers worked on various farms and after-
ward be removed with his bride to Edenvale, where
lie w.is connected with the raising of grain and
stock. .About 1887 they took up their residence
at 448 North Tenth Street, in San Jose, where they
continued to make their home for twenty-seven
year.s. Mr. \"olkers was made collector for the Com-
mercial Bank and remained in the employ of Mr.
McLaughlin for several years. After this Mr. Volk-
ers became manager of the Auzerais estate, of which
be had charge for twenty-five years. When he re-
signed they presented him with a silver service as
a testimonial of bis years of faithful service. He
\vas next niade superintendent of the First National
Bank Building and was occupying that position at
the time of his death, which occurred on September
b, 1910, when he was fifty-two years of age.

To Air. and Mrs. Volkers were born eight chil-
dren.^ Fred, a gas and steam fitter by trade, resides
at A'allejo. Cal.; he married Aliss Eva Mclntyre.
of Castroville, this state. Alice, wdio resides' at
home, is bookkeeper for the Normandin-Campen
Company; Alary, also at home, is bookkeeper for
the Alission Motor Company; Leo, who is a rancher
at Alarysville, married Anna Sullivan of San Jose,
and they have two children, Thelma and John Ray-
mond; Aileen is the wife of A. J. Crabb, an automo-
bile merchant of Alilpitas. Cal, and they have be-
come the parents of three children, Aladeline, Helena
and Raymond Alexander; William Keith, who is
connected w^ith the Standard Oil Company at San
Jose, married \'iolet Alartella. On Alay 1, 1918,
he entered the U. S. service and was first sent to
the Santa Clara training school, under command of
Colonel Donovan, going from there to Camp Fre-
mont, w-here he remained for six weeks, and on to
Camp Taylor. Ky. He was commissioned a second
lieutenant and was stationed at Camp Jackson, S. C.
being attached to the field artillery. There he re-
ceived his discharge about December 15, 1919, reach-
ing San Jose just before Christmas of that year.
Raymond and George died in infancy.

Air. \"olkers was a stanch Republican in his po-
litical views and Mrs. Volkers is also an adherent
of that party. Fraternally he was identified w-ith the
■Woodmen of the World at San Jose and he was
also affiliated with the United Workmen of America
during the existence of that order. He was a great
lover of flowers and trees, with which he beautified
his home, in which he took great pride. Mr. and
Mrs. Volkers were members of the Second Ward
Improvement Club that built the pergolas at the
Grant School and planted trees on Empire Street
from Fourth to Seventeenth streets, a great im-
provement for this section. Mr. Volkers found his
greatest happiness at his own fireside and was a de-
voted husband and father, and he left behind him a
memory that is cherished by all with whom he was
associated. For the past five years Mrs. A-'oIkers
has resided at No. 12'* North Thirteenth Street.

1048

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

where she has an attractive Httle home. Like her
late husband she is very fond of flowers and trees
and takes great pleasnre in seeing things grow and
it is her dehght to care for her ilowers and shrubbery.

CHARLES M. LORIGAN— An enviable record
of dut}' and 'service is the story of the life of the late
Charles M. Lorigan, who was born in New South
Wales, Australia, on January 14, 186L His father
was B. W. Lorigan, a native of Ireland, who went
to Australia, was married there, and removed with
his family to California in 1862, in which year he
settled in Santa Clara. He has been a successful
diamond miner in Australia, but was cheated out of
what should have been abundant riches by fraudu-
lent dealers.

Charles spent his boyhood in Santa Clara and at-
tended the University at that place; and in 1882
he was duly graduated with honors. Five years later
he entered the law offices of S. F. Leib; and in 1889,
upon successfully passing the examinations of the
Supreme Court, he was admitted to practice at the
Bar in California. He then formed a partnership
with ^Ir. Leib, and until Mr. Lorigan's death, they
maintained the most cordial and helpful relations.
He was twenty-five years in active service in probate
and office work, enjoyed a large clientele, and not
only was very highly esteemed for his knowledge of
the law, but had the confidence of all who had come
to know him as practitioner.

On November 3, 1903, Mr. Lorigan was united in
marriage with Miss Eugenia E. Bohlmann, a daugh-
ter of Frank Bohlmann, one of the well-known pio-
neers of California, and a native of San Jose; and
they were blessed with the birth of one child, Lor-
raine M. Lorigan, now a student at Notre Dame.
Mr. Lorigan did not enjoy the most robust constitu-
tion, and his inability to partake of the more stren-
uous life was amply compensated for by the com-
forts and joys of his beautiful home, made so attrac-
tive through his devoted and charming wife and
daughter. He passed away, to the heart-felt regret
of a wide circle, on September 24, 1920, at his resi-
dence at 235 South Tenth Street. The funeral took
place from St. Patrick's Church, which was filled by
mourning friends, members of the Bar Association,
leaders in many corporations, churchmen and church-
women, and people from throughout the state; on
which occasion a solemn requiem mass was cele-
brated by the Rev. Father Collins, pastor, as cele-
brant, the Rev. T. J. Murphj', S. J., president of the
University of Santa Clara, as deacon, the Rev. J.
Collins, S. J., as sub-deacon, and the Rev. William
M. Boland, S. J., as master of ceremonies. A large
number of the Sisters of the various Catholic orders
of the county were present, including many from the
O'Connor Sanitarium, in which the deceased was
keenly interested; and he was laid to rest in the fam-
ily plot in Oak Hill Cemetery by six nephews —
Frank Lorigan, Jr., of San Francisco, and Sidney K.
Lorigan, Charles K. Lorigan, B. W. Lorigan, E. L.
Nicholson, and G. A. Nicholson, all of San Jose. In
delivering a splendid eulogy to the life and character
of the deceased, the Rev. Father Collins said:

"Mr. Lorigan's public and private life was his own
eulogy. Blessed by God with a good mind and an
intrepid spirit, he stood before the public as an ex-
ample of the perfect Christian gentleman. To him
all men were equal, and neither wealth, nor power, nor

promise could sway him in a just judgment, nor was
anyone so poor and lowly to be beneath his rever-
ence and service. As a Catholic, he was a perfect
example of Christianity. He measured all his judg-
ments and actions as if conscious of the ever-present
all-seeing eye of God. He was proud of the dignity
of being a true Christian, and his daily life was an
example of it."

Nicholas Bowden, on behalf of the Bar Associa-
tion, also delivered a eulogy before the Superior
Court of Santa Clara County on Friday, October 8,
1920, in which he said:

"The life and character of Charles M. Lorigan de-
serve more than passing notice. For thirty years,
and until the beginning of his last fatal illness some
months ago, he was a conspicuous and familiar figure
in the courts and in this community. Early in his
career as a lawyer, he made warm and lasting friend-
ships, and quickly secured the confidence and respect
of client and citizen. To these friends, and to this
confidence, he was ever and always true and loyal.
He was an alumnus of the University of Santa Clara.
His Alma Mater endowed him with a liberal and
Christian education. It was a rich endowment. It
was the foundation of his professional success and a
sure and safe guide in all the relations of life. Hand-
icapped by physical affliction, Charles M. Lorigan
radiated sunshine and happiness. His affliction walked
with him through life. It was with him in his com-
ings and goings. It stood beside him at his hearth-
stone. He knew that most of the activities and pleas-
ures of youth and manhood were forever denied him,
and this fact was graciously accepted without a
murmur, never a complaint. Two other of Charles
M. Lorigan's distinguishing characteristics were his
open-hearted candor and his unimpeachable integ-
rity. No whisper of suspicion was ever breathed
against his name. The record of his life is the record
of duty and service."

DA"VID WIGHT.— A pharmacist of wide experi-
ence, whose close application to work during many
years enabled him to retire m comfort is David
\Vight, a native son, who was born in Vallejo, on
l-'ebruary 5, 1860, the son of David Wight, an hon-
ored pioneer who passed away in San Jose on May
25, 1919. He was reared and schooled in Glasgow,
Scotland, the city of his birth, and he became an
engineer, coming to California as first assistant en-
gineer of the steamer Fremont around Cape Horn
to San Francisco in 1851, following his trade after
he came to California for about three years on the
Pacific Mail Steamer. He married Miss Nicholas
Douglas, who was also born in Scotland, and she
passed away on June 18, 1920, at her home on Wil-
lows Street. They had six children, all of whom
are still living, and among them our subject was the
fourth. David Wight became well-known as an en-
gineer in the Bay City, and in 1854 he removed to
Vallejo, and assisted in the great work of construct-
ing the Navy Yard. Indeed, to him belonged the
distinction of having driven the first pile needed in
that pretentious work. At the conclusion of his serv-
ice, he returned to San Francisco and there founded
the California Iron Works. The year 1870 brought
severe reverses to the family, and they then removed
to San Jose. David Wight, Sr., took charge of the
iron foundry, owned by John and Donald Mc-
Kenzie, and located at the corner of First and

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.ARA C( )UNTV

1051

San Antonio streets. San Jose; and he also in-
vested in a small home-place in 'I'he Willows. Later,
he became manager for Joseph Ivnright, ■\\ ho was
engaged in the mannfactnre of straw-burning thri'sh-
ing engines. Mr. Wight lived to the rijie old age
of eighty-nine.

David Wight, Jr., had the advaiita.ges of the pub-
lic schools of San Jose. In 18/0, at the age of si.x-
teen, he entered the employ of Rhodes cV Lewis,
pharmacists on South h'irst Street, San Jose, and
began the stud.\' of pharmacy; he then entered the
California College of Pharmacy, and was graduated
by the L'niversit.v of California in 1882. After serv-
ing as a pharmacist in various cities in California he
became the manager for Grenell i\: Beaumont, con-
tinuing in that capacity for five years, and there he
was one of the organizers of the McKenney Drug
Company and established a pharmacy on South
First Street. He was vice-president and director
and continued to give his services as pharmacist to
the business until tliey sold out to the \\'olfe Drug
Company in 1898. Since he quit his profession he is
engaged as horticulturist. In San Jose in 1886 Mr.
Wight married iliss Susie E. Cottle, the only sur-
viving daughter of the late Ira Cottle, the pioneer
and orchardist, wdio came to California in 1854. Mr.
Wight is a member e^f Fraternity Lodge No. ,i99,
F. & A. !M., and is a mendjer of San Jose Consistory
of Scottish Rite, is a member of the O. E. S.; he
is also a member of the Odd Fellows and the Rc-
bekahs; and Mrs. Wight belongs to the Eastern Star
and the Rebekahs. Mr. and Mrs. Wight have Ijuilt
for themselves a beautiful residence on a tine por-
tion of the Ira Cottle estate, which tliey retained,
while they disposed of the rest of the choice prune
orchard at the corner of Minnesota and Lincoln
avenues in the Willow district, and out of this has
been created the handsome Lincoln Park.

MILDRED P. HANSON.— Prominent among the
best-trained, most successful teachers, wdiose popu-
larity, extending through Santa Clara County, has
been clearlj- due to hard, efficient work coupled with
the influence of an attracting personality, is Miss
Mildred P. Hanson, wdio resides at 774 South Eighth
Street, San Jose. A native daughter proud of her
heritage, she w"as born at Sonora, in Tuolumne
County, Cal., and her father was Jesse Kimball Han-
son, a member of an honored New England fainih-
of farmer folk. He came out to San Francisco in
'49, sailing around Cape Horn to get there, and from
San Francisco he hurried into the southern mines
of Tuolumne. He was not particularly successful,
however, and instead of pinning his faith to the dig-
ging for gold, he opened a book store, where he also
sold Chinese curios. He also tnanaged the telegraph
station at Sonora, for he was an expert operator.
He was a well-read man, and found a worthy, in-
spiring companion in his wife, who was Miss Annie
E. Patrick before her marriage, the member of a
family that had migrated in 1760 to South Carolina
from French Lorraine, and which eventually became
represented in North Carolina, Tennessee and North-
ern Alabama. Miss Patrick's father made his way
to California for the first time via the Isthmus of
Panama, after which he returned to the East by the

same route; (hen he broughl his family across the
great pl.aijis, ,ind oui-e here he became a member of
(lie Stale Lrgislalure, and for m.any years he was
sherill of Tuolumne County. Mr. and Mrs. Hanson
remo\'ed (o Fresno County, where the mother died
in 1870; the father continued in the employ of the
Southern I'aeilic Ixiiilroad, whose service he had
entered, being stationed at Tehachepi and Tulare.
When the pri\'ale line was built from (joshen to
\'is,alia he became station agent at Visah'a. In 1878
he, too, passed away, honored by all who knew him
as a progressive, dependable pioneer citizen.

Afiss Mildred Hanson was graduated from the San
Jose high school in 1883, and eighteen months later
received from the State Normal School at San Jose
her certificate for teaching. The first school to
which she was assigned was in the Elbow Creek dis-
trict, where she was in charge of some thirty-five
pupils for a year; and then she spent a year and a
half in the public schools of San Luis Obispo County.
After that, she moved north to Washington, and
for a season taught at Waitsbnrg, getting a good
idea of the conditions of life in that locality, and so
enlarging her knowledge of Pacific Coast geography.
In the fall of 1889, she came to San Jose and entered
the Willow Glen School as a primary teacher, be-
coming the fourth teacher on the staff for that sea-
son; and at the beginning of the school term in 1908
she was appointed principal, and then there were six
teachers. Ever alert and untiring in constructive
work and desirable legislation, and the building up
a fine elementary school. Miss Hanson has kept
abreast of the times, and now a new and handsome
school edifice is being erected to accommodate the
increasing number of pupils there. The coming year
Miss Hanson is to continue as the vice-principal of
the school, although for some time she has con-
templated retiring from active professional duties.
F'or years she has been a member of the executive
committee of the Santa Clara County Teachers'
Association, in which her influence has always been
wide and helpful to every important interest, and in
support of the worthiest movements.

With her sister. Miss Margaret Hanson, wdio is
vice-principal of the \'isalia-Jef¥erson Grammar
School, Miss Hanson owns the residence at 74 South
Eighth Street, San Jose, which has been their home
for some years; another sister is Mrs. C. L. Witten.
the wdfe of Judge Witten of San Jose. History and
ancestry, both recalling the fine old days of early
California and New England, as well as Southern,
are subjects of attraction to these ladies, for their
forefathers were among the Kimballs and Hansons
who settled in New Hampshire as early as 1640,
became prominent professionally, and figured in
Colonial history and the building of the nation. These
forebears also included Maj. John L. Patrick and his
brother, Capt. George W. Patrick, whose reputation
for prowess in another part of the Lhiitcd States was
equally enviable. They have good reason, there-
fore, to be proud of their ancestors, as they are of
the great Pacific commonwealth in wdiich they them-
selves have had their part in social and educational
formations, and Santa Clara and Tulare counties
may well be congratulated upon securing such
pedagogical talent as that of the Misses Hanson,

!(i32

HISTORY OF vSANTA CLARA COUNTS-

HAROLD L. FATE.— A native son of California,
Harold L. I'atc is now identified with the Associated
(Jil Company of San Jose and is an alert youn.'j:
lousiness man wdio is making the most of his time,
talents and opportunities. He was born in Santa
Cruz, Cal , February 28, 1896, a son of Lewis and
Mary Kate. His father was a native of Ohio and
as a child was taken by his parents to Danville, 111.,
where his youthful day., were spent. In IX'X) he
made his way to the Pacific Coast, first estalilishing
his home in San franeiseo, and later removin.t; to
Santa Cruz, where he entered the ciiiplo\' of Ihe
Southern I'acifie Railroad Company. In 18'i') he
came to San Jose as an employe of that road and
lesided here until 191)3, when he went to S.ilina^.
where he remained until 1907, during which period
he continued with the railroad. In the latter yeai
he returned to San Jose where he has since lived.

In the public schools of San Jose and S.alinas,
Harold L. fate acquired his education and on start-
iii.g out in the business \\orld he obtained einploy-
meut with the firm of Topp & Hogan, job printers,
tor \\liom lie worked as pressman for fifteen montlis.
He then secured a position with the S. H. Clia^e
Lumber Comiiany of San Jose, with whom he re-
inanied for a little over two years, and then was wood
Uiriier for the Hubbard i^ Carmiehael Company of
this city for seven years. He iie.xt became con-
nected with the Associated Oil Company but at the
eiul of twelve months left that hrm and returned tci
the Chase Lumber Company, with whom he con-
tinued for a \'ear and a half. Lea\'ing San josi;,
he went to Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, and there
was occupied in idaning mill work for about ei.gbt
months. I'pcjii returning to California he resumed his
former connection with the Associated Oil Companx
and has since continued m their service, proving a
faithful and ellicient employe.

Mr. Fate is indeiiendeiit in his political views, cast-
ing his ballot in favor of the candidate whom he
deems best fitted for office, regardless ot party lies.
He is a member of the Pastime Social Club, of w liicli
he has been treasurer and a trustee and is now
president He is also connected wth the 1 iidei)endent
Order of Odd Fellows, the I'lagles and the Cood
fellows Lod.ge of San Jose, being a past exalted
rlirector of the last named organizatKin.

DAVID HAROLD CRAMER, Ph. B.— The vicin-
ity of Campbell and the surrounding country are
fortunate indeed to have as an able and conscientious
man to care for the educational welfare of the
children of the citizens of that locality as is found
in Prof. David Harold Cramer, an eminent and ex-
perienced teacher who is now the princii)al of the
Campbell Union high school. Professor Cramer
is a native of Bloomdale, Ohio, and was l)orn No-
vember 12, 1881. He is the son of David L. and
.Mice S. (Leslier) Cramer, lioth natives of Penn-
sylvania. I3a\'id F. Cramer is a carpenter .aiifl he
and his wife arc now residents of F""ostoria, Ohio.

David FT. Cramer received his education at Bloom-
dale grammar school, Fostoria high school and
Wooster College, all in the state of Ohio. He was
graduated from Wooster College in 1906 with the
degree Ph. B. and for the next two years he was
science teacher at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, high

school and the following two years he served as
principal of the same school. In the spring of 1910
he came to California, and that fall he took a grad-
uate course in the University of California, major-
ing in mathematics. Then going to Globe, Ariz.,
he was employed in the offices of the Old Dominion
Copper Mining Company for a while, coming to
Campbell in the fall of 1912. He became the vice-
principal of the Campbell high school and continued
in that position for a period of eight years, when
he was elected as principal. The Campbell LFiion
high school has had a .good growth having now
about 170 students and eleven teachers.

Professor Cramer's marriage, wdiich took place
at Lake Geneva, Wis., united him wdth Miss Flor-
ence Davidson, whcj was born in Nevada, and reared
in Wisconsin, the dau.ghter of Ebenezer and Elea-
nor (Stevens) Davidson. Mr. and Mrs. Cramer are
the parents of two children: Harold D. and Hugh G.
Mr. Cramer is a Knights Templar Mason. Politic-
all,\', he is a stanch Republican, and in religious
faith, he and his family are active in the work
of the Methodist ivpiscopal Church of Campbell.

ARTHUR T. BRITTON.— An experienced and
eiiterprisin.g business m.m whose success represents
the Twentieth Century spirit, is .Arthur T. Britten,
the owner and manager of the busy automobile-
machine and reiiair sliO]) at South first Street, San
Jose, noted for its modern eijuipmeiit and its ability
to turn out work of almost any kind within that
field of industr}-. A native son, he was born at San
Diego in 18811, the son of William and l^aura A.
(Inman) Britton, who came earh- to California, were
married at San Jose and lived here for some years,
and then remo\cd to San Fliego. Mr, liritton had
ccmc across the plains in 1854, while Mrs. Britton
came b>' the Isthmus. Arthur .attended the usual
grammar schools, but profited most, later on in life,
in the great school of ptractical experience.

He learned the blacksmith trade and came to San
Jose in 1910, \vhen he worked at his trade in the
i-miiloy of others for two >-ears. Then be oijened
what was the beginning of his present undertaking,
equipi>ed the shop in everx- rcsjiect for first-class
work, so that now he is able to keep bus>' a score
or more of skilled workmen. He manutactures the
W. & B. cylinder grinder, and Britton's auxiliary air
vaF-e for motorcycles, and ships his products all over
the I'nited States.

When Mr. Britton married, on SeiUember 18, 191.18,
be took for his wife Mrs. Flora (Kifcr) Morton, a
native of San Gregorio, San Mateo Countx', and the
daughter of S. H. and Isabclle (Smith) Kifer, and
they have had one son. Jack Arthur Britton. Mr.
Britton likes to fish, and he is also fond of motor-
ing, in fact he and his wife revel in California's out-
door attractions. He endeavors to rciuain inde-
pendent in national political affairs, and is thus able
to work more freel>' for what he believes to be the
best man and the best measures. Durin.g the S|ian-
ish-American War he served in Company B, Eighth
California Regular Infantry, and served until he was
mustered out with his regiment in 1899. He is a
member of Wheaton Camp. Spanish-American War
Veterans, an<l of the Chamber of Commerce.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

1055

JOHN HICKS ADAMS.— Among the notable
Calitornia forty-nmcrs resident in Santa Clai'a County
who have joined the silent majority of that adven-
turous host and found homes m yet fairer golden
lauds than those to whieh they struggled amid count-
less hardships in 1849, John Hicks Adams deserves
especial mention in any liistorieal record annalling
the affairs of Santa Clara County, since he was a real
pioneer in that county. On September 4, 1878, the
county and that section of the state was called upon
to mourn the taking off of a true and worthy man,
one who had been true to his own ideals and eonvie-
tioiis, and who by his large life work conferred bene-
tit upon hundreds of his fellow citizens who of neces-
sity shared in what he accomplished toward the ma-
terial progress and upbuilding of his community.
\\ hile on his way from his mine in Arizona to Tuscon
he was killed by Mexicans in ambush. He was
born at Kdwardsville, 111,, June 13, 1820. His
father, John Quiiicy Adams, (^named for the presi-
dent) who had been a resident of Illinois since 1816,
was engaged in wool carding and in the manufacture
of W'Oolen goods. In 1822 he commenced raising the
castor oil bean, having obtained a few seeds from the
East Indies. In 1823 he gave seeds to his neighbors,
who put in crops, and their returns ran as high as
one dollar per bushel, paid them by Mr. Adams, who
had erected a factor}- that season where he made cas-
tor oil to supply the market. This was the begijming
of this industry in the state of Illinois.

In 1823, Mrs. John Q. Adams died and the son,
John H., our subject, was sent to school at Shurtleli"
College, in Upper Alton, and remained there two
years. In the meantime his father had married a
Miss Gordon, then John H. returned home and
assisted in his father's factory and store. On the night
of April 12, 1838, the castor oil mills, five in number,
with 20,000 bushels of beans and fifty barrels of oil,
were completely destroyed by fire, there being no in-
surance, the loss being something like $45,000. This
was a severe loss, but they immediately set about
erecting another building and continued their busi-
ness. In 1838 John Quincy Adams was elected
county sheriff and his son, John Hicks, w-as appointed
a deputy and looked after collection of taxes and
court business. During the winter of 1838 a bold
jail break was effected by two men and, as Sheriff
Adams was absent, John Hicks took full charge of
the pursuit and after several days captured the two
desperate men and returned them to the jail. On
May 16, 1840, the father passed away at Edwards-
ville, leaving five children by his first wife and three
by his second. John Hicks Adams then went into
business with H. K. Eaton, and for the next two
years manufactured castor oil; then he and his broth-
er, \V. R. Adams, carried on the business until low
prices forced them to suspend.

In the spring of 1847, John Hicks Adams assisted
in raising a company for the Mexican War and was
mustered in on May 20, 1847, at Alton, III, in Com-
pany J, Fifth Illinois Volunteers, and Mr. Adams
was commissioned first lieutenant, and at Fort Leav-
enworth he received the appointment of regimental
quartermaster, taking charge of the government sup-
plies, stock and wagons to cross the plains to Santa
Fe, 120 wagons in all; later in July Lieutenant Ad-
ams was advanced to a captaincy, upon the death of
Captain Niles, and took command at 110-mile Creek

near the border, and during the march and cam-
paign accjuitted himself with honor. At the close of
the war he returned to Illinois with his regiment and
was discharged at Alton on October 12, 1848. During
the winter of '48-'4y the news of the discovery ol
gold in California had reached Illinois and Captain
Adams was among the first in his locality to leave.
With a six-mule team and light wagon, accompanied
l)\- Allen Pomeroy, William Reynolds and Dr. C. M.
Lusk, he left St. Joseph, Mo., April 8, 1849. They
passed heavily loaded trains, guarded carefully against
Indian attacks, were joined by several other parties,
and after many hardships and deprivations from lack
of water, arrived at Hangtown August 1, 1849. Cap-
tain Adams mined and ran pack trains m various
camps in Northern California for two years, then
went back to Illinois via Panama and arrived at Ed-
wardsville, October 12, 1851. In the spring of 1852
he started for California over tiie plains with his
wife and two children, and arrived in Placerville on
September 6 of that >'ear. The winter of 1852-53
was spent at Manhattan Creek near Georgetown,
where his brother-in-law, Allen Pomeroy had located
a claim lor him and he was very successful.

In August, 1853, Captain Adams removed to Santa
Clara County and settled on a farm near Gilroy, and
the present Adams district school near Gilroy stands
on the land which he donated to the county for that
purpose in 1856. Those were wild west days, to be
sure, when upon arriving at the schoolhouse in the
morning, bear and lion tracks were to be found in
front of the door and around the building. In 1860
Captain Adams was elected a member of the coun-
ty board of supervisors to represent Gilroy and Al-
maden townships. In the fall of 1863 he was elected
sheriff of Santa Clara County and removed with his
family to San Jose; he held this office for three suc-
cessive terms; again reelected in 1871-73 and retired
in March, 1876. While in office he accjuired a repu-
tation as a brave and efficient officer and a shrewd
detective, second to none in the state. His connec-
tion with the pursuit and capture of Vasquez, the no-
torious bandit of California, is well known by old-
timers and the praise he received was well deserved.
To Captain Adams is due the credit for making the
first exploration of Lake Tahoe. One of a company
of eight men, he set out from Georgetown on May 1,
1850, in search for gold, and on May 20 he reached
this now-famous lake, exploring this region exten-
sively prospecting for the yellow treasure.

In December, 1841, Mr. Adams married Miss Ma-
tilda Pomeroy, born in Shelby County, Ky., and they
were the parents of eight children: John H. died in
Illinois in childhood; Mary married James Hanna
and lives at Livermore and has one son living; Alice
M,, widow of John Gordon, resides in San Jose;
Sadie married James Reed and both are dead; Wil-
liam H. of the Llagas district; Charles C, also on
the Llagas; Abraham L. of Los Angeles has one son
and one daughter; Nellie M. married George Stark
and resides in San Jose and has one daughter living.
Mr. Adams organized the Home (?,uards in Gilroy
during the Civil War and was their captain; he also
served as president of the South Almaden Quicksilver
Mining Company. He was public-spirited in citizen-
ship, was trustworthy in business, faithful in friend-
ship, and in his home was most devoted to the wel-
fare and happiness of his wife and children. Many

1056

HISTORY OF SANTA CTARA COUNTY

were his good qualities and few his faults. He loved
truth and justice and represented a high type of our
American manhood.

WILLIAM HUMBOLDT ADAMS.— The life
which this narrative chronicles began in a tent at the
Sink of the Humboldt in Nevada, on August 12, 1852,
while his parents were en route from Illinois to Cali-
fornia with ox-teams. He is the oldest living son of
Capt. John Hicks and Matilda (Pomeroy) Adams,
the former a sturdy pioneer who first came to Cali-
fornia in 1849. William Humboldt Adams was reared
in Santa Clara County and he attended the Adams
district school and later Gates Institute and Business
College in San Jose. In 1870 he was a student at the
University of the Pacific, and served during 1873-76
as deputy sheriff tuider his father. In 1876 he went
to San Benito County, where he owned a stock ranch,
but the dry year broke him up; then he returned to
San Jose and engaged in contract teaming until set-
tling on his present ranch. In 1896 he removed to
the Llagas district, where he had purchased eighty-
five acres, twenty of which he set to prunes. When
he first settled on the ranch, the land was covered
■ivith oak trees and poison oak brush, but he perse-
vered until the tillable land was cleared and a fine
orchard property was developed.

Mr. Adams' marriage on May 9, 1877, at Emmet,
San Benito County, united him with Miss Nellie
Ackley, a daughter of Samuel Ackley, a pioneer of
San Benito County, and they are the parents of five
children: Gertrude I. is the wife of Roy Ackley, an
orchardist at Llagas; Harry J. is married and with
his wife and two children reside on the Llagas; W.
H., Jr., died at the age of thirty-five, survived by his
widow and five children, who reside in San Fran-
cisco: Earl S. is married and has two children and re-
sides at Gilroy; Ruby M. is the wife of Wesley W.
Burden; they have two sons and Mr. Burden is man-
ager of the Adams home place. Mr. Adams is an ac-
tive member of the California Prune & Apricot As-
sociation and politically is a stanch Republican; for
eighteen years he has served as trustee of the Llagas
school district.

IRA H. GRIM.— .\lthough one of the more re-
cently established business enterprises of Campbell,
the Orchard City Garage has already secured a large
share of the public patronage, owing to the enter-
prising methods and capable management of its own-
er, Ira H. Grim. A native of West Virginia, he
was born March 10, 1887, and in the public schools
of that state he acquired his education. While in
Columbus, Ohio, in 1908, he enlisted in the U. S.
Army and spent three years in the Coast Artillery.
Coming to California he was stationed first on San
Francisco Bay and then on the Mexican border and
at the expiration of his enlistment he was honor-
ably discharged from service as a corporal. Liking
the Pacific Coast region he decided to cast in his
lot with Californians, and engaged in the automo-
bile business at Los Banos. He went from there
to San Francisco, being for three years in the em-
ploy of the Pacific Gas & Electric Company, and
while residing in that city lie was also connected
with the Ford Motor Company. In 1914 he went
to Rhode Island in the interests of the American
Automobile Protective Association and during the
World War was a government employe. In 1918
he arrived in Campbell, becoming connected with

the automobile industry, in which he has since con-
tinued actively. He established the Orchard City
Garage which was located on Dillon Avenue, until
the new garage on Campbell Avenue was completed
for him and here he carries a full line of automo-
bile parts, accessories, and is equipped to do all
kinds of repairing, employing three men to aid him
in his operations. He is an expert mechanic and
owing to the first-class work turned out of his
garage it has found favor with automobile owners,
his business having already assumed large propor-
tions. Enterprising and progressive, he is a mem-
ber of the Campbell Improvement Club, the San
Jose Chamber of Commerce, California Auto Trades
Association, Orchard City Garage, and a charter
member of the San Jose Commercial Club,

In Oakland Mr. Grim married Miss Mary Downey,
a native of E^ngland, and they now have three chil-
flren: Robert, Arnold and Betty. He supports the
l)latform and candidates of the Republican party and
in public affairs has always taken a deep and help-
ful interest. He is a capable and enterprising young
business man who is contributing to the commer-
cial development of his community.

EUGENE D. WEBSTER.— Born in the town of
Sylvester, near Albany, Green County, Wis., June
12, 1846, Eugene D. Webster is a son of Benjamin
and Laura A. (Babcock) AVebster, both parents na-
tives of New York state, of an old New England
family who migrated west to Wisconsin during the
year of 1844, where they followed farming. In 1862
Benjamin Webster enlisted in the service of his
country in the Thirty-first Wisconsin Volunteer In-
fantry, but on account of poor health w-as mustered
out a few months later. When Eugene D. Webster
was but a young boy of sixteen, he enlisted and en-
tered camp at Racine, Wis., later being sent to Ken-
tucky in Company I, Thirty-first Wisconsin Volun-
teers, and was engaged in forty-two battles and
skirmishes. He took part in the battles before At-
lanta, and was under General Sherman in his famous
March to the Sea; was at the taking of Savannah,
Ga.; then in the battles of Goldsborough, Raleigh
and Bentonville until Lee's surrender. Later, as one
of Sherman's men, he took part in the Grand Review
in Washington, and was honorably discharged at
Madison, Wis., on July 24, 1865. During the war his
parents had removed to Jackson County, Wis.,
whither he followed Upon his return to civil life,
he engaged in the hotel and livery business and was
very successful. He was united in marriage Janu-
ary 7, 1877, with ^liss Mary Rogerson, a daughter
of John and Harriett Rogerson, pioneers of Madison,
Dane County, Wis. They are the parents of two
sons, Albertus R., and Thornton D., both of San Jose.
I'or many years Mr. Webster followed his chosen
line of work in Neillsville, Clark County, Wis., be-
coming jirominently identified with the afi^airs of his
local community, serving as councilman for a num-
ber of years. Having sold his business in Wiscon-
sin, Mr Webster came to San Jose, Cal., July 12,
1902. He purchased a ranch west of Santa Clara
consisting of forty acres planted to prunes, peaches
and walnuts, and was active engaged in horticulture
luirsuits until 1915, when he sold his ranch and
erected a residence on Minnesota Avenue; later this
v'as sold and his present residence was built at 11
South Lincoln Avenue. He is a Republican and is

HISTORY Ul' SAiNTA CLARA COUNTY

1057

a prominent figure in G. A. R. circles, hein^; a past
commander of Bacon Post ti. A. R. in Neills\'illc.
Fraternally he is a member of the Neillsville Lod^c
of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pytliias. He is
also a member of Liberty Lodge No. 299, F. & A. M.,
Santa Clara, and is a t^cotlish Kite Alason.

HON. JAMES R. WELCH— A jurist of slate
wide reputation, Hon. James R. Welch has been on
the State Superior Bench since l')()4, in Santa Clara
County. He has freipientl\- been called to other
counties of the state to sit in important cases and has
also sat as Justice pro tem in the Appellate District
Court. Santa Clara Count\- being one of the busiest
counties in the state in legal matters. Judge Welch,
during his occupancy of the bench has disposed of
n;any large cases of statewide interest. He presides
over Department One of the Sujierior Court, and is
the senior member of the bench in and for Santa
Clara County. He stands amongst the foremost
thinkers and jurists of the state.

He was born b'ebruary 2. ISiiO, uear Plainview,
Macoupin County, 111., where his father was a well
10 do farmer, stockraiser and owner and operator of
a flour mill. In 1866 his father moved to Missouri
v.here with his famih' he resided a short time. The
family sul^fered great monetary loss in the financial
depression in the '70s, and when a lad of fourteen,
young Welch was thrown on his own resources. He
set about deliberately and persistently to get an
education. He crossed the plains in a prairie schooner
ill 1877 and located in Boise City, Idaho, where he
succeeded in preparing himself to enter the highest
public school of the capital city. At the age of
twenty years, he liecame a teacher there m a position
next to that of the principal.

In the Indian outbreak in the late '711s he entered
service under Capt. Maxon against the depredations
of the Indians. This old soldier did not raise his
company to stay at home, but went out on the sage
brush plains and drove the marauders into the
mountains of Montana. Mr. Welch came to San Jose
in 1882, and has since resided here. He entered
the University of the Pacific in 1882 and graduated
in 1887 with the Ph. B. degree. Three years later
the degree of A. M. was conferred upon him by his
Alma Mater. During a vacation period while he was
a student at the university, he graduated at Heald's
Business College, and throughout his entire college
course, was principal of the commercial department
cf the university. Upon graduation he took up the
study of law alone and was admitted to the bar by
the Supreme Court of the state in 1888, The legal
records of Santa Clara County would not be com-
plete without a reference to the Union Savings Bank,
California Cured Fruit Association and the Tarpey-
Nicholson 40-year old litigation, as well as many
other important cases in which Judge Welch suc-
cessfully participated before he went on the bench.
During the fifteen years as an attorney, his rise was
rapid and sure. He was city attorney of San Jose
from 1894 to 1897, when he resigned to devote his en-
tire time to his private practice.

Judge Welch's family consists of a wife and four
children — three daughters and one son. He is a
Mason and an Elk, and also a member of the Phi
Kappa Psi fraternity. He registers as a Republican.
In addition to his official duties he takes an active
interest in public and civic affairs. He is a fruit

grouer .-ind at the present time a member of the
^yliUK bo.ird ,,1 the Calil(jrnia Prune and Apricot
(rowers Associ,il ion, and is ardent in the cause of
the growers of the state in successfully marketing
llieir Iruit cooperatively. He has also espoused the
cau-,e e)l Santa CLara CouiU\' and the State against
the eit\- ol Santa Cruz in that city's endeavor to divert
llie Sk\-liiie IJoulcN'ard from the Summit Ridge of the
,->ant,-i Cruz Mountains to a canyon route. He has re-
cently present arguments before tlie State Highway
Commission in favor of retaining and building the-
Skyline drive along the crest of the Mountains, as
.1 great scenic trunk line, for the use of the whole
-late. Belorc man\- chambers of commerce, civic
■■ind commercial organizations of the state, he has
been untiring in his advocacy of this highway and
Its routing along the skyline of the mountains.

ALVA CURTIS KEESLING.— Among the early
NCttlers of Santa Clara County, no name is more
lamiliar than that of Kcesling, and the subject of
this sketch, Alva Curtis Kcesling, is a worthy rep-
resentative of that honored name. He was born
near Lake Minnetonka, Hennepin County, Alinn., on
November 8, 1857, the son of Thomas Bulla and
h'.lizabeth (Hasty) Kcesling, who came to Califor-
nia in 187,? and settled in The AVillows and became
one of the most successful fruit growers in the
count\-. The father was born in l^reble County,
Ohio, in 1824, his father, John Keesling, a native
of Wythe County, Va., and his wife, Melinda (Bulla)
Keesling, a native of North Carolina, having moved
into Ohio in an early day. The family removed to
a point near Newcastle, Ind., where the father went
to school and worked on his father's farm. The
father was commissioned postmaster of Mechanics-
burg. Ind., in 1848 by President Tyler and he held
that position for eight years, meanwhile conducting
a general store and a sawmill, the postoffice being
m his store. He heard as a boy many and wonder-
ful tales of the great 'West beyond and resolved to
some day cast his fortunes in this land of greater
opportunities, so in 18S6 he removed with his fam-
ily to Minnesota and settled where Minneapolis
now stands. At that time there were but few shan-
ties on the west side of the river, although on the
east side was the town of St. Anthony's Falls. He
bought twelve acres of land now in the center of
Minneapolis, and remained there for sixteen years,
during wdiich time he was employed in a sawmill
and at gardening. Having always had a fondness
for horticulture, which was unsatisfactory in Minne-
sota owing to the intense cold, he made a trip to
California, settling in the Santa Clara Valley in
1872. In 1848 he married Miss Elizabeth Hasty, a
native of Preble County. Ohio, her parents also re-
moving into Indiana during its early settlement.
Her parents were Thomas Hasty, a native of Ken-
tucky, and Anna Raper, a native of Virginia. They
were the parents of eleven children, of whom Alva
Curtis is the fifth.

He was educated in the .grammar and high schools
of San Jose; then went to work for his father on
his ranch. In 1883 he purchased a ranch on Fruit-
vale Avenue; then in 1906 he purchased his home
on the Los Gatos and San Jose roads, consisting of
ninety-six acres, mostly in fruit; he has erected a
fine residence, commodious and modern in every re-
spect. He has been secretary and manager of the

1058

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Campbell Telephone Company since its organization
in 1906. He is a member of the California Prune
and Apricot Association.

The marriage of Mr. Keesling nnited him with
Miss Edna Hobson, the daughter of Stephen Hob-
son, and they are the parents of five children: Mil-
dred C. is the wife of Ocorge L. Husted of Camp-
bell; Rollo H. and Mervin are at home, Mervin
being associated \vith his father and has an interest
in the home place; Audrey A. is the wife of Dr.
11. A. Abbott of San Jose and Wana is attending
Stanford University. There are seven grandchildren.
In local affairs, Mr. Keesling has served his com-
munity as school trustee; also has been master of
the Orchard City and Pomona Grange, fn national
politics he is a Republican, and is a stanch supporter
of prohibition. He is one of the most substantial
citizens in the county and never fails to support all
measures for the advancement of the county.

WILL GREEN HARTON.— Among the native
sons of California, Will Creen Harton is achieving
prominence in a business way in San Jose, and well
deserves the success tliat is the reward of strict in-
tegrity and a firm determination to progress. He
was born in I'resno County, Cal., December 12,
1889, an only son of Charles Harton and Lulu
(Green) Harton, the latter a daughter of Gen. Will
S Green, an early settler of Colusa County. He
landed in Colusa on July 6, 1850, piloting the new
steamer Colusa up the Sacramento River, and for
five years more than a half century he was a citizen
of that town, of which he first saw the site from the
pilot house of the pioneer steamer.

Early in his experience in the Sacramento \'allev,
(jeneral Green saw that to reach their highest pro-
ductivity there nnist be a draina.ge of the rich bot-
tom lands, for protection against floods, and irriga-
tion of the rich plains for protection against the
normal drought of the dry season. He was one of
California's first apostles of agriculture, and land
was the text of all his epistles. As an engineer, he
surveyed the land. As a legislator, he drew the
land code of the state. As surveyor general of the
United States, he protected the public domain for
the settlers who would till it. As treasurer of the
state, he conserved and economized the taxes paid
by the owners of the land. As the foremost editorial
writer of the state, he considered the land as first
material object of human interest. He developed
the first plans for irrigation and drainage of the Sac-
ramento Valley; and though high-salaried engineers
have wrought upon the same problem, his plans
stand unimpeached. On account of the vastness of
the great work which he conceived, he came to be the
final authority upon more things of vital concern to
the state than any other man in California. This
is but a brief resume of the important things for
\vhich he gave the best years of his life.

Mrs. Harton passed away when her infant son was
only one year old, and he was given into the care of
his illustrious grandfather. When he had reached the
age of fourteen, he was sent to Bingham Militar\-
Academy at Asheville, X. C, a jireparatory school
for Webb's Training School, located at Bellbuckle,
Tenn., from which institution he graduated when
twenty years of age. Cieneral Green passed away in
1905, and Mr. Harton was thrown upon his own
resources. He spent several years in various parts

of the Middle West, working at whatever he could
iind to do to earn an honest living. At the outbreak
of the World War in 1917, he was a resident of
Southern California and he enlisted in the navy at
San Pedro in the submarine service. He was" im-
mediately put into an ofiicers' training school, re-
ceiving actual experience on submarine chasers,' and
thus twelve months were spent up and down the
coast. At the close of the war he was released
from active service, but is subject to call at anv time.
He removed to San Jose during the year of 1919 and
was employed as sales manager of a local automobile
firm; later he established his own business, selling
used cars. With a small capital he began busines^
and in 1921 Dr. F. B. Pierce was taken into the
partnership and the Harton-Pierce Motor Company
was formed, Mr. Harton taking full charge of tlw
business management. The company has t"he exclu-
sive sale and service for the Oakland car, specializing
on the "Oakland Sensible Six." The company
realizes that their patrons' interests are a part and
parcel of their success and that their business de-
pends upon thoroughly satisfying their customers

The marriage of Mr. Harton in January, 1920.
united him with Miss Muriel Warner, a daughter of
John Warner, a pioneer merchant of Santa Clara
Valley. I'raternally he is a member of the Masons,
Elks and American Legion, as ^\■ell as of the N. S,
G. "W. Upright and honorable in every relation of
life, Mr. Harton has won the esteem and respect of
business associates and counts his friends and
actiuaintances liy the score.

ALBERT H. CURTNER.— A worthy native son
whose memory will long be cherished by a wide
circle of friends wdio w^ere indebted to him for some-
thing that made life more attractive and inspiring,
was the late Albert H. Curtner, who was born on the
Henry Curtner estate, at Warm Springs, in Alameda
County-, on October 7, 1878, next to the youngesi
son of Henry and Mary (Myers) Curtner, now also
deceased — honored pioneers and citizens of Califor-
nia. The mother died wdicn Albert was about five
>ears old; he was of a studious disposition, and the
preparatory work of his schooling was completed at
Washington College, near Irvington, in his sixteenth
year. At seventeen he entered Leiand Stanford
ITniversity. In time, he majored in higher mathe-
matics and electrical engineer, and he became a
student fellow. Then he took up the intensive study
of economics and sociolog?-; becoming deeply ab-
sorbed in his work.

On October 24, 1900, Mr. Curtner was married
to Miss Amy E. Welch, the daughter of the late
Lorenzo Welch, the farmer and honored pioneer of
Contra Costa County. As a child of twelve years,
he came out to California with his parents by way
of the Isthmus of Panama, and when twenty-six
years of age he was married to Miss Sarah Frances
Howard, whose father had crossed the plains in 1850.
She was born in California, Her father tried his
luck in finding gold, and eventually he settled in the
San Joaquin Valley, in Contra Costa County. Miss
Amy was next to the youngest of her family, and
she was attending the University at Palo Alto, and
should have graduated wdth the class of '03 if she
had not married. Five children blessed this happy
union. Dorothy and Alberta are students at Mills

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

1061

College; X'irKiiiia, Evelyn and Albert M., Jr.. are
at home earrying on their sehool work, Mr;.. Curt-
ner and her family attend the Christian Chureh.

Mr. Curtner acquired by gift from his father a
ranch and orchard near Simnyvale, which was the
family residence up to the time of his premature
death; although he was temporarily living in South-
ern California when he died on March 17, 1915, fail-
ing health having led him to seek the higher altitude
at Monrovia. He was always a Republican, but he
never aspired to public office. Just before his death
he sold the ranch, and now Mrs. Curtner lives at 75
South Thirteenth Street, San Jose, where she dis-
penses a generous hospitality.

JOHN J. STANFIELD,— A man of enterprise
and much force of character who left an indelible
impression on the business and horticultural inter-
ests of the Santa Clara Valley, was the late John J.
Stanfield, a native of Belfast, Ireland, born August
12, 1834, His parents were born in Scotland and
Kngland and he w-as reared and educated in the
schools of the city of Belfast. He started out for
himself and going to Liverpool he was employed
there until he got the gold fever and came in a
sailing vessel around Cape Horn, landing in San
Francisco in 1858. However, he did not go to the
mines, but remained in San Francisco. He w-as in
the einploy of Dr. Woodard in the What Cheer House
tor three years, when he came to Santa Clara County
and purchased 260 acres of land in the Union dis-
trict. He engaged in farming and later set out or-
chards and a vineyard, becoming successful in the
titld of fruit raising. He was one of the organizers
.".f the Bank of Los Gatos in which he was director
r^nd vice-president, was an organizer and director in
the Farmers' Union in San Jose and interested in
other enterprises that his influence helped build up.

In San Francisco, Mr. Stanfield was married to
Margaret Cairns, also born in Belfast, who made the
six months' journey around Cape Horn in a sailing
vessel, to join her fiance in San Francisco, where they
were married upon her arrival in 1860. They be-
came the parents of three children, the eldest being
twins; James J. is a banker and horticulturist of
Los Gatos; Phoebe J. died aged fifty-eight, while
Sarah H. died in 1898. Mr. Stanfield' and his wife
were members of the Episcopalian Church and he
was a strong Republican politically. He died in
July, 1894, while his widow survived until 1908. John
J. Stanfield was one of the very earliest settlers in
the Union district of Santa Clara County, having
located there while it was a wild country, covered
with oak and brush and tanglewood, which he cleared
from his land by himself and made it into a produc-
tive grain farm. He was truly one of Santa Clara
County's first and foremost men.

RALSTON ALISON.— In financial circles of Santa
Clara County Ralston Alison is well and favorably-
known as manager of the Campbell branch of the
Garden City Bank and Trust Company, in which
capacity he is controlling one of the sound moneyed
institutions of this part of the state. He was born
in Marshall, Mo., June 11, 1878, and is a son of
VV. H. and Susan (Brown) Alison, who since 1904
have made their home in San Jose, Santa Clara
County, the father now living retired from busi-
ness activities. "

Reared on a ranch, Ralston Alison pursued his
education in the grammar and high schools, while
later he completed a course in the Mason City, Iowa,
business college. Coming to California in 1901
he spent some time in San Francisco and in 1904
he arrived in Santa Clara County, where he de-
voted his attention to orcharding. In 1910 he ac-
cepted the position of bookkeeper in the Bank of
Campbell, which was later consolidated with the
Garden City Bank and Trust Company, — his trust-
worthiness and capabilities winning him promotions
from one position to another of greater importance
and responsibility until he was made manager in
February, 1920. He is now the incumbent in this
office and the policy he follows is such as carefully
safeguards the interests of depositors and at the
same time promotes the success of the institution.

Mr. Alison married Miss Etta Conway, also a na-
tive of Marshall, Mo., and they now have two
daughters, Lucille and Helen. The family are mem-
bers of the Methodist Church and in his political
views Mr. Alison is a Republican, but has never
allowed himself to be bound by the narrow ties of
partisanship. Fraternally he is connected with the
Masonic order and is a Knight Templar and
Shriner. He is also a member of Orchard City
Grange and the Campbell Improvement Club, and
for recreation he turns to tennis and fishing. He is
deeply interested in everything that pertains to the
welfare and progress of his community, county and
state and is recognized as an able financier whose
present success is directly attributable to his enter-
prising spirit and keen business sagacity.

MRS. AMELIA D. GEORGE.— Among the
prominent and highly respected residents of San
Jose is numbered Mrs Amelia D. George, who is a
native daughter of California and has spent her en-
tire life in this state. She was born near San Rafael,
November 29, 1859. Her father, H. M. Bentlcy, was
l)orn in the state of New York in 1811 and came to
California by the Isthmus route, arriving m San
Francisco in 1849, when the gold excitement was at
its height. He married Miss PauUne Corey, who
bore him five children, and in order to provide a
livelihood for his family he engaged in farming and
merchandising.

The daughter, Amelia D. Bentley, was reared and
educated in Dixon, Solano County, Cal,, and in 1880
vas united in marriage to Edwin A. George, who
was born in Michigan, October 25, 1852. In 1855,
when he was but three years of age, his parents,
William H. and Frances Harriet (Harden) George,
crossed the plains to California, locating near Ham-
ilton, where the father became interested in the
stock business. Following their marriage, Mr. and
Mrs. Edwin A. George took up their residence m
San Benito County, Cal., where he followed the
occupation of farming and also engaged in the stock
business. Through the capable management of his
interests he won a substantial measure of success
and the esteem and good-will of all who knew him.
He passed awav on October 8, 1919, and m his de-
mise the community lost a valued citizen, his asso-
ciates a faithful friend and his family a devoted
husband and father. .

Mr. and Mrs. George became the parents ot eight
children five sons and three daughters: Frances H.
is the wife of F. H. Hernnan and they have four

1062

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

children; Herbert H. resides at HoUister, in San
Benito County, he is married and has two sons;
Walter H. is now married and is operating a ranch
near Hohister; Hiram C. enlisted in the U. S. Army
during the World War; Reuben L. is a veteran of
the World War, in \vhich he made a brilliant record
serving overseas. He was a corporal in Company A,
I'ifty-ninth Infantry, Fourth Division, and received
the Distinguished Service Cross for extraordinary
heroism in action on September 20, 1918. After his
platoon had became badly disorganized under heavy
fire and all the sergeants had been killed or wounded.
Corporal George took charge of the platoon, reor-
ganized it with great courage and initiative and led
it on in the attack against hostile machine guns.
He was wounded shortly afterwards but remained
throughout the night where he had fallen, refusing
to be moved till all the other wounded had been
cared for. This was the fourth engagement he par-
ticipated in. Returning home after over two years'
service, he now owns 640 acres of good grazing land
in San Benito County, upon which he has proved
up since his discharge from the service in 1919;
Ernest, a well known rancher of Xewman, Cal., is
married and has two children; Ethel is the wife of
George Bennett, of Oakland, Cal., and they have a
daughter; Elinor married Charles Mills, who is also
an ex-service man, having served in an ammunition
train for fourteen months overseas.

Mrs. George has reared her family so that all have
become useful members of society, early impressing
upon their minds the value of truth and honor, and
she may well feel pride in the result of her teaching.
She is still the owner of the ranch in San Benito
County, but since 1916 has made her residence at 435
South Second Street, in San Jose. Her life has
been an unselfish one, devoted to the welfare and
happiness of her family, and her many admirable
traits of character have won for her the admiration
and esteem of all with whom she has come in contact.

ALBERT LESTER HUBBARD.— A highly re-
spected representative of important commercial af-
fairs, whose wide and varied experience enables him
to serve his fellow-citizens with signal ability in
public office, is Albert Lester Hubbard, member and
manager of the well-known firm of Hubbard and
Carmichael Bros., dealers in lumber, and one of the
supervisors of Santa Clara County. Fortunate in
his birth as a native son, Mr. Hubbard was born at
Woodland, Yolo County, on May 20, 1872, the son
of Thomas B. Hubbard, a native of Missouri who
crossed the plains to California in 1852 with his
parents when he was a boy of twelve years. His
father resided for some years in the mining region
in Placer County, where Thomas Hubbard grew
to manhood. Starting out for himself, he went
to Woodland, Yolo County, where he farmed until
1874. Coming to Santa Cruz County in that year,
he was associated with the Union Lumber Company,
this concern having several sawmills in the county.
In 1884 he opened a lumber yard in San Jose for
this company and he then moved his family here.
In 1887 he resigned his position with the Union
Lumber Company, after a long term of faithful
service, and organized the firm of Hubljard tV Car-
niichael Bros. They engaged in the manufacture
of lumber, having their mills in the Santa Cruz

Mountains, and in 1892 they opened a lumber yard
in San Jose, later starting a planing mill there. Mr.
Hubbard remained in control of the business until
his death on November 23, 1917. He was at one
time supervisor of Santa Cruz County and while
in that office made a reputation for progressive views
and acts and unquestioned probity. His marriage
had united him with Miss Sierra McKoy, a native
daughter of Placer County, whose family were old
pioneers there, and she still makes her home in San
Jose, the mother of three children, the eldest being
Albert Lester Hubbard, of this sketch.

After the family took up their residence in San
Jose in 1884, Albert L. entered the public schools
there, graduating from the San Jose high school in
1892. He spent his summer vacations at the com-
pany mills in the Santa Cruz Mountains, and after
his graduation he entered the business in San Jose,
and under his father's guidance he learned every de-
tail of its operation. It was not long before he was
placed in charge of the lumber yard and soon be-
came an able assistant to his father, so that many
years ago when his father gave up the active man-
agement of the business he was well equipped with
his thorough training to take charge of it, and since
that time he has displayed marked executive ability
in the conduct of its affairs. After the death of
Thomas B. Hubbard the business was incorporated
as Hubbard & Carmichael Bros., with A. L. Hubbard
as president and manager, continuing the business at
384 West Santa Clara Street, where they occupy
258 feet frontage on both sides of the street. There
they have built up a large manufacturing plant, hav-
ing one of the largest planing mills in the valley,
a busj', profitable concern giving employment to sev-
enty-five men. Thus it will be seen that Mr. Hub-
bard has more and more identified himself with
the city of San Jose and the surrounding territory.
This live interest in the future of San Jose and its
wonderfully favored outlying sections led rather
naturally to his participation in the government of
the county. After having served for two and a
half years, out of the four for which he was elected,
as city councilman, he was elected supervisor in
1904, and since then he has been elected four times, —
in 1908, 1912, 1916 and 1920, and is now serving his
fifth term or eighteen year; he has been a leader
in all progressive movements, such as the paving
of the county highways and the replacing of wooden
bridges with concrete. Mr. Hubbard belongs to the
Republican party, but he is too broad in his views
to allow partisanship to bias or hinder him from
community cooperation.

On January 11, 1898, Mr. Hubbard was married
at Sacramento to Miss J. Josephine May, a native
of New Jersey who was reared in California; an
accomplished woman, she presides gracefully over
his home, which has been blessed with the birth
of five children: Thomas Lester; Wilbur, Alberta,
W^esley, and Grace. Mr. Hubbard is a Knights Tem-
plar Mason and a Shriner, being a member of Islam
Temple, of San Francisco, and he also belongs to
the Modern Woodmen, Odd Fellows, Native Sons
of the Golden West, the Elks, the Hundred Per
Cent Club, Lions Club, and is a charter member
of the San Jose Commercial Club. A strong, capable
man of pleasing personality, a tireless and energetic
worker, Mr. Hubbard is never satisfied except to do
things thoroughly and well, giving much study and

^ a ^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

1065

thought to the business which he has learned from
the ground up. With his natural ability and val-
uable years of training he has buih uii Ihc |ilant
until it is second to none in the vallc\' and his many
friends are naturally proud of the success of their
tellow-townsman.

JAMES A. HUFF— Among the most niRuential
and best known ol the men who devoted many years
ct their acli\e lives to the agricultural enterprises of
the Santa Clara ^"alley, \vas the late James A. Huff,
who. from 1804, was a successful farmer and fruit
grower of Mountain \'ie\v. He was an Ohioan by
birth, born in Butler County,, b'ebruary 21, 1832, the
second in a family of nine children born to Amos
and Margaret (Case) HutT, both of whom were na-
tives of Pennsylvania. The father v as a carpenter b\-
trade and left his home section to live in Ohio in
1835, subsequently removing to Cass County, Mich ,
where he purchased a farm. Devoting his time as-
siduously to his trade as carpenter and builder, the
farm work was left to his sons, six in number, and
they cleared and cultivated the land for him. The
later years of his life were spent upon this place and
he reached the advanced age of eighty-seven years;
his wife also died there.

Owing to the unsettled condition of the country to
which his parents had removed and scarcity of schools,
Mr. Huff's education was exceedingly limited. He
worked upon his father's farm until attaining the age
of twelve, then for a neighbor for six and one-half
years, afterward spending three years more on the
home place. He then bought a farm of his own and
shortly afterward, January 28th, 1857, married Emily
E. Card, the second daughter of Jonathan Card, a
wealthy pioneer of Cass County, Mich. On April 6,
1863, with his wife and two children, he started over-
land to California, the trip being made by means of
hcrse teams and covering a period of six months.
The two children were buried on the way, one in
Omaha and the other on the banks of the Platte.

The party of which Mr. and Jilrs. HufT were mem-
I'-ers settled in Napa Valley, but they continued to the
vicinity of Mountain \'iew, where they arrived Sep-
tember 6, and began farm pursuits upon a farm
where the water works in Palo Alto is now situated,
harvesting a crop from about 200 acres in the fall
of 1864. Later in the same year, Mr. Huflf bought
his first farm in California — ninety-seven acres about
a mile and a half north of Mountain View. Suc-
cessful as a farmer and stockraiser, he branched out
into the seed, fruit and berry business, adding more
acreage as his industry demanded, until his holdings
consisted of 460 acres.

Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Huff
in this third California home, of whom five are living
at this time: Henry, an orchardist near Mountain
'» iew, is an extensive grower of walnuts, apricots and
prunes. Active in church, civic and agricultural
progress, he was a clerk in the Indian Service for a
number of years, and later a bookkeeper for the Ren-
ton Clay Works at Seattle, Wash., before deciding
■-0 give his whole time to horticulture. Frank L , the
postmaster at Mountain View, is represented else-
\'.here in this work. Emily Lozetta, died when seven
years old. William E., deceased, conducted a meat
market at Palo Alto. He died when twenty-eight
.\ears old, after marrying Miss Gertrude Bubb, of
the pioneer Bubb familv of Mountain View. His

widow now resides in Palo Alto. Their one child,
Lucile, a graduate of Stanford, married IJean Pu-
clian, vice-pi-esident of the h'irst National Bank of
I'alo Alto, who serN'cd as first lieutenant, Q. M. C,
111 the late war, and is now vice-commander of the
.American Legion in P.alo Alio. J. Arthur is an or-
chardist on a part of the old Huff home place near
Arountain X'iew. Charles A , for many years employed
111 the Post (.Jflice Deiiarlment at Washington, D. C.
:s now engineer for the Scotia Lumber Company in
Humboldt Couiil>-. Alpheus I'*., commonly kno\\n as
Perl, is also an engineer with the Scotia Lumber
Company of Plumboldt County.

In politics, ilr. Huff was a Republican, but pre-
ferred to exercise his right of franchise as an Ameri-
can citizen in pri\ate life free from the entangle-
ments which usually beset the office seeker. His
chief activity centered in his farm. Although hay,
.grain and stock were at first his chief products, he
later gave much attention to Ihe filnes.s of various
soils to the growth of seeds, berries and trees. Plis
experiments along these lines were necessarily ex-
tL-nsive and carried over long periods of time Al-
though they were sometimes very expensive and, of
course, attended with many individual failures, they
ultimately had much to do with his individual success,
and were of inestimable value to the community.
He was a pioneer in what is now- one of the greatest
berry and fruit sections in the world. Although ex-
ceedingly busy on his farm, he was not uninterested
ill public affairs He was always active in church
and school matters as well as an active director in
the Farmers' and Merchants' National Bank of Moun-
tain A'iew. During nearly the whole period of his
life in the vicinity of Mountain View, he was a clerk
of the board of trustees of the little country school
near his farm, and a worker in the Christian Church
01 which he and his family were members.

Mrs. Emily Huff died in March, 1890, and in 1906
Mr. Huff married Mrs. Emma Ball, a lady from his
old Michigan home, an accomplished and charming
woman, acquainted with many of the friends of his
youth who helped much w-ith his many friends and
his sons to keep his old age active and cheerful.
She IS now living m Mountain View. His death,
which occurred on October 8, 1915, left a vacancy in
the citizenry of his communit}- hard to fill.

ERNEST P. LION.— A worthy representative of
a pioneer family, Ernest P. Lion, vice-president of
the L. Lion & Sons Company, was born and reared
in Santa Clara County. He first saw the light of
day April 11, 1865 at the family home in San Jose,
adjacent to St. James Park, the son of Lazard Lion,
who had come to California as early as 1852. His
sketch appears on another page.

Ernest P. Lion be.gan his education in the Gates
private school, later completing his studies by taking
a business course in the Garden Cit\' Business Col-
lege. He left school at the early age of fourteen and
entered his father's store and at nineteen took an
active part in the business, first as secretary and now
as vice-president of the company. He was assistant
manager of the Los Angeles branch of the business,
from 1886 to 1890, when he was associated with his
brother, Gustave F., and also was employed by him
in his San Jose store.

Mr. Lion was united in marriage in Los Angeles
in November, 1888, to Miss Clara Jobson of San

1066

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Francisco, and their son Paul L., who was born
there, is actively associated in the extensive business
in San Jose. PoHtically Mr. Lion casts his vote
for the Republican candidates, and fraternally he
belongs to the B. P. O. Elks and the Native Sons of
the Golden West, while locally he is active hi the
affairs of the Rotary Club, Commercial Club, and
the Chamber of Commerce, also the San Jose Golf
and Country Club.

CHARLES BRANDT.— A prominent, influential
citizen of the Milpitas district who has earned the
right to leadership is Charles Brandt, a native of the
Laguna district, just east of Milpitas, where he was
born November 22, 1867, the son of Frederick and
Euphemia (Palmer) Brandt; the former a native of
Konigsberg, Germany, came to California in 1864,
and settled in the hills east of Milpitas. Three
children were born to this worthy couple: Edward,
Charles and Euphemia, who became the wife of
James Hansen, and died in 1917, and whose portrait
appears elsewhere in this work. Frederick Brandt
died when only forty-five years of age, while his
devoted widow survived until 1906, when she passed
away at the age of seventy-five.

Charles Brandt attended the grammar school in
the Laguna district, although he also had to help
with the farm work, commencing to milk when he
was only seven years old. By the time he was four-
teen he had become so experienced and capable that
he left school to help his widowed mother, who
had 160 acres of land taken upon a squatter's claim,
devoted to grain and stock, and she also bought addi-
tional land. The year after her death Charles Brandt
bought a farm of 140 acres on Capitol Avenue about
one-fourth mile north of Cropley Avenue, whither
he removed, and in 1907, his mother's estate was
distributed. In that year Mr. Brandt built his home
and farm buildings, and now he has six acres of
prunes, while the rest is leased, and devoted to mar-
ket gardening. In 1913 Mr. Brandt purchased an
additionab ranch of seventy-one acres on the Silver
Creek Road, devoted to the growing of hay, but
this fine place he sold in 1920. He has two wells,
one of ten-mch bore and the other of fourteen-inch
bore, which furnish an abundance of water, also an
electric turbine ])ump capable of throwing an un-
usually large stream. Mr. Brandt also became the
o«"ner of twelve acres on Calaveras Road, adjoining
Milpitas on the east. The Western Pacific bought
five acres of this land in 1920; that company com-
pleted its ne\v dejiot and laid out the Milpitas
station yards early in 1922.

A stanch Republican, but properly nonpartisan in
local affairs, Mr. Brandt served for thirteen years as
a member of, the school board in the Laguna school
district, prior to his removal to Capitol Avenue. He
is a representative man of affairs, enjo>'ing the re-
spect and confidence of rich and poor alike. While
he leases out most of his land, he continues to b;- a
hard worker, and farms thirty acres himself. Al-
though independently well-to-do. he continues to do
personal work on his farm from day to day, being
ably assisted by his loyal wife and helpmate. He
has made a success of everything which he has
undertaken ever since he was a boy. He is the
secretary of the board of directors of the Bank of
Milpitas, which institution he was monumental in
starting; he was a prime mover in its organization
in 1911. and was a member of its first board of

directors, and was serving as such when it threw
open its doors for business on the second day of
January, 1912. He was appointed secretary of the
board in 1918, serving continuously ever since.

At San Jose on April 27, 1912, Mr. Brandt was
married to Miss Emma E. Katz, a native of San
Francisco and the daughter of Alexander and Char-
lotte Katz. The father came to San Francisco in
1852 and for a time engaged in mining, and shortly
after he returned to the Bay City where for ten
years he was employed as foreman in the Pioneer
Flour Mills. He removed to Santa Clara County in
1875, having the foresight to see the future pros-
pects of this section, and settled on Capitol Avenue,
at the corner of Cropley Avenue, and there they
reared a family of seven children: Charlotte, Alex-
ander, Emma, Gustave, Robert, William and Albert.
Gustave and Charlotte are living on the home place,
and Gustave is road superintendent of District Num-
ber Three, Santa Clara County, while he is also
cultivating fifteen acres devoted to prunes. Robert
and William live at Salt Lake City and Albert is at
Stockton. Mrs. Katz passed away a number of
years ago, Alexander Katz surviving until 1910. A
son of honored California pioneers, Mr. Brandt
stands in the line of preferment, belonging as he
docs to Santa Clara's first generation. He grew up
under conditions of self denial, diligence and
frugality to become the successful and upright man
that he is. Our commonwealth is honored by such
native sons, and stands in need of men of his hon-
esty, mental calibre and strength of character.

ISAAC OBERG— In the annals of Santa Clara
County no more worthy name can be found than
that of Isaac Oberg. an honored resident of the
county, now retired from active service. He is a
man of sterling character, possessing in a high de-
gree those traits that command respect and gain
esteem, and his life record is such as to reflect
credit on the community in which he resides. He
was born at Luled, Sweden, on March 4, 1857, and
was educated in the public schools of his native
land and at the age of fifteen was confirmed in the
Lutheran faith. He was reared on a farm owned
by his father and there acquired lessons of thrift
and industry. Possessing a roving disposition and
having a desire for adventure, he joined a party of
young men in 1880 bound for America. Landing at
New York they proceeded west to Colorado and
located at Leadville and engaged in mining; he re-
mained there for two years and his operations were
successful; then he came to San Francisco but was
there only a short time when he went to Montana,
then to Arizona and later to Mexico and stayed
tliere for awhile working in the mines, a foreman
for a mining company at Cananea, and from there
went to Calaveras County, where he was foreman and
superintendent ten years. In 1898 he purchased nine
acres near Morgan Hill and added to this until he has
fifty-eight acres, which he has developed.

The marriage of Mr. Oberg occurred in Arizona
in 1892 and united him with Miss Matilda Peter-
son, a native of Stockholm. They are the parents
of three children: Alvin, born in Bisbee, Ariz., but
schooled and reared in Santa Clara County, en-
gaged in mining several years; he married Miss
Venley Benson and they have two children, Alice
May and Roy ,\lvin; Harold was also born in Bis-
bee. Ariz., and married Miss Mabel Horton and

(2?<?-«-«'<2>*-i-^:=t/ (t) UcCu:i--^^-'UP'^Ot^

HISTORY Oi> SANTA CI.ARA COUNTY

1071

they have two children, Harold Jr.. and Kllen Lu-
cille; Clarence assists his father in the management
of the ranch. All the sons live on the ranch near
Madrone. Mr. Obers received his final U. S. citi-
zenship papers at Tombstone, Ariz., May 13, 1895.
In politics he is a stalwart Republican, and frater-
nally has been a member of the Odd Fellows for
thirty years. From 1912 until he resigned in 1921
Mr. Oberg served as trustee of the Live Oak Union
high school. Besides being an expert rancher, Mr:
Oberg is an authority on mining and locating rich
deposits of ore. Thirty years of practical mining
has given him a fund of information not to be
gained in any other way and it is a real pleasure
and a liberal education to listen to his stories of ad-
venture and experience of the years spent in the
mines of several states. He has spent many j'ears
in the study of the geological formation of various
sections of the earth and is thoroughly convinced
that he holds the correct assay that will solve the
problem of the remarkable "sunshine meteor" which
fell in Arizona many years ago, causing a depres-
sion 630 feet deep and one mile across the brim, with
an area of 120 acres at the bottom; this has given
rise to many questions and many scientists of note
have journeyed to Arizona in the hopes of solving
the problem. Mr. Oberg has never failed to accom-
plish the duties nearest him and with untiring energy
laid hold of any opportunity for advancement which
presented itself to him.

THORNTON DELOS WEBSTER.— Business
enterprise and progressiveness find manifest expres-
sion in the career of Thornton D. Webster, who is
the assistant manager of the People's Finance and
Thrift Company, a wage-earners' bank, operated on
plans similar to the "Morris" plan. Born in Neills-
ville. Wis., on November 5, 1889, he is a son
of Eugene D. and Mary A. (Rogerson) Webster,
both parents being natives of the state of Wisconsin,
their biographical sketch appearing elsewhere in this
history. The boyhood of Thornton D. Webster was
spent with his parents in Wisconsin, removing in
1901, with his parents, to the Pacific Coast, settling
in San Jose, and where the home was established.
Here Mr. Webster attended the grammar and high
schools of San Jose, graduating from high school in
June, 1909; the following year he took a post-gradu-
ate course and upon finishing, entered the employ
of the J. H. Rucker Realty Company in the depart-
ment of insurance and collecting. He was soon ad-
vanced to the position of manager of the department
of insurance, which steadily grew imder his able
management from year to year. Later when the
insurance and rental business of Jos. H. Rucker &
Company was taken over by the Rucker-McChesne\'
Company he became financially interested, continu-
ing as insurance manager, and is now secretar>--
treasurer of the company. LTpon the formation of
the People's Finance and Thrift Company, his ser\-
ices were solicited and he became a stockholder and
assistant manager for the company.

Fraternally Mr. Webster was made a Mason of
Liberty Lodge No. 299, F. & A. M., Santa Clara, of
which he is a past master. He has the unique dis-
tinction of having raised his father to the sublime
degree of master mason. He also has the honor of
being one of the youngest men in California to serve
as master of a Masonic lodge. He is also a Scottish

Kile Mason, and is past patron of Santa Clara Chap-
ter O. ]'.. S. He was united in marriage to Miss
Annie 1{. Jorgenson, born in Idaho, who came to the
Sant.i Clara Valley in 1912. Mr. and Mrs. Webster
are the |).[rents of one child John Delos. Mrs.
Webster is also an active member of the Santa Clara
Chapter of the Eastern Star. They have a delight-
ful suburban home at 44 North Lincoln Avenue in
the Willows district. .\fr. Webster also owns an
eighty-acre tract near Irwin City, Merced County,
which was purchased in 1914, which is steadily ad-
vancing in value each year.

SOL JACOBS.— A native son of California and a
member of one of its honored pioneer families, Sol.
Jacobs has charge of important interests as super-
intendent and manager of the Campbell plant of the
California Canneries Company, and for over sixty
A'ears the family name has been one of prominence
in connection with the fruit-packing industrj' in this
state. He was born in San Francisco, August 15,
1873, of the marriage of William and Bertha
(Wiener) Jacobs, the former arriving in that city
in 1851 and the latter five years later, both journey-
ing across the plains. The father at first devoted his
attention to minin.g and in 1860 he engaged in the
fruit-canning business, in which he acquired a po-
sition of distinction, being a prime mover in organ-
izing the Packers Exchange of San Francisco, serv-
ing as its first president, a position he filled for over
ten years. He passed away in 1884 and the mother's
demise occurred in 1900.

In the grammar and high schools of his native
city Sol. Jacobs acquired his education and as a
young man became connected with the fruit-packing
industry', upon which he has since concentrated his
attention, not only in the management of canner-
ies, but also in building them, and as early as 1900
built the cannery on Monterey Road, San Jose.
On May 13. 1919, he came to Campbell as super-
intendent and manager for the interests of the Cali-
fornia Canneries Company at this point, the business
at that time being conducted in a very small estab-
lishment. He at once set to work to build a thor-
oughly modern plant, which began its operations in
the latter part of June of that year. He gives his
close personal attention to every detail of the busi-
ness and that the position is one of large respon-
sibility is indicated in the fact that during the busy
season employment is furnished to over 300 persons.

Mr. Jacobs gives his political alle.giance to the
Republican party and is a member of ^lission Parlor
No. 38, N. S. G. W. of San Francisco, of which he
is a past president. Fraternallj' he is identified with
the Masonic order, being a Scottish Rite Thirty-
second degree Mason and a member of Islam Tem-
ple A. A. O. N. M. S., San Francisco. He is also
a member of the Sciots in San Jose, as well as
San Jose Lodge of Elks. He is fond of travel and
has not only traveled extensively throughout the
LTnited States and Canada, but has visited many of
the interesting countries in the Orient as well as the
Occident and thus has added greatly to his store of
knowledge. He is a veteran of the AVorld War. en-
listing at San Francisco, and as a member of the
Canadian Expeditionary Force was sent overseas.
He was attached to the infantry and participated in
many major engagements, being wounded and con-
fined in a hospital for four months. He was in ac-
tual service for two years and ten months and was

107.

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

discharged with the rank of sergeant. Throughout
liis business career he has devoted his attention to
the fruit-packing industry and is proving a worthy
successor of his father, displaying the same enter-
prising spirit and executive abihty which charac-
terized the latter, and in everj' relation of life he
measures up to the highest standards of manhood.

ALBERT SYLVESTER BACON.— A citizen of
San Jose who was loved by every one wdio came to
know him for his true worth as a man, was the late
Albert S. Bacon, founder of the establishment con-
ilucted under the lirm name of A. S Bacon & Son,
d.'alers in footwear of all kinds. Albert S. Bacon was
liorn at Pitcairn, in the /Vdirondack Mountains in
Northern New York, on December 27, 1854, the son
of Albert and Angelinc (Burt) Bacon, both of Eng-
lish descent. On the paternal side he «"as connected
with the illustrious family of General Warren,

Albert Sylvester was educated in the Gouverneur
Seminary in St. Ivawrcnce County, N. Y., completing
his course at the age of eighteen. He went to Bara-
boo, ^Vis., taught school and worked in the wheat
lields for one i'car, then returned to New York and
took up the study of law in the office of Judge E. H.
Neary, at Gouverneur, continuing for one year. I^vi-
dently the life of a professional man did not appeal
to him and he went to New York City in 1874 and
V, as employed by a mercantile concern there, later
embarked in business for himself, in the old Fulton
Market, for five years. After that he moved to Pots-
dam and spent thirteen years in the shoe business,
and while there he served on the village council and
alwa\s chd his part to assist all movements for the
benefit of the people and the town. While living at
Potsdam, N. Y., he was united in marriage on De-
cember n, 1879, with Miss Mary Lord, l>orn in New
\ ork State and an able helpmate to this ambitious
man. They became the jjarents of six children: San-
ford L., a partner and manager of the A. S. Bacon
& Son Company in San Jose, who became a member
of the firm in 1906 and who has ably assisted in build-
ing up a prosperous business. Cora, married Eugene
C. Howe, an instructor at Wellesley College; Ruth
Lord died in infanc}'; Albert Sylvester, Jr., employed
b\' the A. S. Bacon & Son Company. These chil-
dren were born in Xew York. Ruth is the wife of
Robert K. Vickery of San Jose; and Bruce Bacon
is also employed in the shoe store. The last two
^vtre born in San Jose.

In 1892 A. S. Bacon and his family migrated to
Calitornia and settled in San Jose wdiere he embarked
in the shoe business and as the city grew, he devel-
ojjed a business widely known throughout the whole
county for its depenrlable .goods. In 1906 he took
his son, Sanford L., in as a partner and ever since the
tirm has been known as A. S. Ijacon & Son and is
located at 74 South First Street. Mr. Bacon could
always be depended upon to do his duty by his fel-
lowmen, aided in all civic movements for the good
of the to\vn and county, became prominent in social,
business, political and church work. He was a Royal
A.rch Mason; was a Democrat in national politics,
though broadminded and nonpartisan in local aif";iirs;
he served as a meinber of the county aild state central
committee of his party and under its banner rendered
u\\ possible aid to elevate the standard of citizenship,
lie served as a director of the Chamber of Commerce
and as president of the Merchants Association of

San Jose. But his greatest work was in connection
with the Y. M. C. A., in which he was a director and
also president of the board of directors for some
years, and Trinity Episcopal Church, where he served
twenty-two years as a vestryman and almost twenty
years as senior warden, taking part in all church ac-
tivities and giving hearty financial support to all
programs of the church for many years. He lived a
Christian life and was a faithful friend to all who
kne^v him and worked with him in carrying out the
precepts of his creed, and at his passing on May
23, 1921, at San Jose, the city lost one of her most
ardent workers for every good project for the eleva-
tion of social and moral standards.

ALFRED B. SMITH.— One of the highly re-
spected citizens of San Jose, and formerly a promi-
nent rancher, Alfred B. Smith is known by his
friends in Santa Clara County as an upright, honest
man of sterling worth. A typical representative of
those sturdy Easterners he has witnessed the won-
derful changes that have taken place here during the
last twenty-nine years, and in its transformation has
been an important factor. Born near Clinton, Onei-
da County, N. Y., January 11, 1837, he is the son of
John N. and Mary Ann (Beebe) Smith. When
Alfred B. Smith was eight years old his parents re-
moved to Janesville, ^Vis , going by train to Buffalo,
N. Y.; thence crossing the lake, where severe hard-
ships were encountered, but their destination was
imally reached. Upon arrival in Wisconsin, the
father purchased forty acres for the sum of fifty
dollars and built a log cabin. Mr, Smith has in his
possession a letter dated June 14, 1845, written by
his father to an uncle living in New York state, the
postage on this letter being twenty-five cents. Alfred
B. Smith obtained his education by attending school
only through the winter months, as his summers were
spent in helping about the farm work, and going
to Milwaukee with their produce, seventy-two miles
away from the home place. In 1859 Mr. Smith with
courage and determination, set out for himself, re-
moving to Filmore County, Minn., where he pur-
chased 160 acres, and continued fanning.

The marriage of Mr. Smith occurred in March,
I860, and united him with Miss Sophrona Boynton,
a native of New York, born in 1846, but who had
resided in Minnesota since 1859. Mr. Smith enlarged
his holdings and became a very successful farmer,
but "when the Civil War broke out, he disposed of his
fine property, and left his family in his brother's
home near by and offered his services to his country,
enlisting in Company E, Eleventh Minnesota Volun-
teer Infantry, as a private. On September 20, 1864,
the F'leventh was sent to Fort Snelling, thence to
La Crosse, Wis., and then by railroad to Chicago,
111 , where they were detained for one week, then
were moved to Nashville, Tenn., wdiere they camped
under the guns of Fort Negley and did guard duty
about three weeks, later the companies were dis-
tributed along the L. & N. Railroad, doing guard
duty. Company E at Gallatin, where regimental head-
(juarters were established, and they remained until
the close of the war. He was honorably discharged
June 26, 1865, and settled in Waverly, Bremer
County, Iowa, served as street commissioner two
years and also farmed. During the year 1873, he
removed with his family to South Dakota and for
nineteen years was a very successful grain and stock

f^/?

OL (U^'^^

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

1075

farmer in Turner County. Ho served as county
commissioner of Turner County for two terms, and
was a prominent factor in all movements for the ad-
vancement and prosperity of the community in ^\•hich
he resided. In polities he is a stanch Repuhlican.

In 1892, desiring a milder climate, Mr. Smith and
family removed to San .lose, and invested in a
twenty-acre ranch in the Valley \'ic\\ district, and
in a few years he developed his land to Ije one of
the iinest orchards in this section of the county;
here Mrs. Smith passed away on June 19, 1914.
Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Smith:
Frank C. married and with his wife and seven sons
are prosperous farmers of 480 acres in eastern Ar-
kansas; Clara I. is an orchardist in the J\Iountain
View- district, and owns and operates one of the
finest cherry orchards in the county.

The second marriage of Mr. Smith united him
with !Mrs. Elizabeth Ann (Veatch) Magee, who was
a native of Davis County, Iowa, born March 22,
1848, who came to San Jose in 1896. Her parents
were pioneer farmers of Iowa. Her father, Elias
W'atch, born in Sangamon County, 111., \vas a per-
sonal friend of Abraham Lincoln, and licr mother
was Miss Sarah A. Cole, a native of Kentucky of
Scotch and German descent, ^trs. Smith is an ac-
tive member of the \V. R. C. of California and
Nevada department of the G. A. R., and gives of her
time and influence to the advancement of this organ-
ization, and she is an active member of Circle No.
1, Ladies of the G. A. R., has held various minor
offices and was twice president. The home at 10
Brooks Avenue was purchased by Mrs. Smith in
1913, and it is here that Mr. and Mrs. Smith still
reside. Although Mr. Smith disposed of all his
holdings and retired from active work in 1918, he
is still a man of sound judgment and keen under-
standing, and with a progressive and public-spirited
nature he lends his best efforts towards the promo-
tion of movements calculated to improve the general
condition of the community. He has been a promi-
nent member of Sheridan-Dix Post No. 7, G. A. R.,
tor almost twenty years.

CHARLES C. RIBBLE,— A highly respected
citizen of Santa Clara County who has lived a long
and useful life is Charles C. Ribble, who takes an
active interest in the activities of the local G. A. R.
Born in the rural district adjacent to Chicago, 111.,
April 27, 1844, he is a son of John T. and Antha
Jane (Robison) Ribble, earh^ settlers of Kane
County, 111. The father was engaged in farming,
having acquired his land by homestead and purchase;
he was also a carpenter by trade, possessing much
natural ability in a mechanical way, which proved
of great advantage to him. The family removed to
Linn County, low-a, near Cedar Rapids, when Charles
was three years old, and here he was reared. He at-
tended the district school, but opportunities for
schooling were extremely meager. When the Civil
War broke out, he entered the service of his country
August 9, 1862, and was mustered into the service
at Davenport, Iowa, in Company I of the Twentieth
Iowa Volunteers, serving under Captain Cook,
Colonel William McE. Dye, commanding. This
regiment was the first to respond to the call of
President Lincoln for 300,000 volunteers. The regi-
ment was removed to Clinton, Iowa, serving under
Major William T. Thompson for a short time; then

they were returned to Davenport, Iowa, August 31,
remaining there until September 5, when the regi-
ment was sent to Benton Barracks, St. Louis. Dur-
ing the months of October and November, 1862,
the regiment marched 500 miles. The regiment was
assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division,
Sex'enlli Army Corps, and later on in the war was
tr.-mslcrred to the Thirteenth Army Corps. On De-
cember 4, the regiment was ordered to reinforce
(rcneral Blunt at Prairie Grove, a march of 118
miles, which was accomplished in three days of hard
marching. Without any time for rest, the battle of
Prairie Grove was fought Decendicr 7, the regiment
doing gallant service durin.g the battle. Mr. Ribble
was painfully and seriously injured in the left breast,
from which he suffered intensely, but he never left
his command, and within a few months, was able to
do active duty with his regiment at Vicksburg, Miss,
thence to Yazoo City and joined in the march to the
Black River, returning to Vicksburg July 22, 1863.
A few days later the regiment was transferred to the
Gulf .Vrmy, encamping at Port Hudson; later being
removed to Carrolton, La., and on September 6, 1863
went to Fort Morgan, La., returning to Carrolton
October 10 of the same year. Two weeks later the
regiment was sent to Brownsville Texas, doing gar-
rison duty on Mustang Isle for seven months, until
Tuly 29, going to New Orleans August 2, 1864;
then were ordered to Fort Gaines, Ala., taking part
in the seige and bombardment of Fort Morgan. On
Tanuarv 8, 186S, they were removed to Kennerville,
La., and the following February they embarked for
Florida, encamping at Florida Point until the cam-
paign of Mobile, in which they took part, capturmg
Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. On July 8, 1865,
Mr. Ribble was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., return-
ing to Clinton, Iowa, remaining on the old home
place for several years.

The marriage of Mr. Ribble occurred on March 20.
1867, at Bear Grove, Iowa, uniting him with Miss
Amanda M. Welch, a native of Kane County, 111.,
a daughter of William P. and Jerusha R. Welch. A
farm propertv of 160 acres was purchased near Bear
Grove, Gutherie County, and for four years, Mr.
Ribble was engaged in farming, and then he moved
to Vinton, Benton County, and followed the buddmg
business and farming. He came to San Jose, Cal..
in 1908. Mr. and Mrs. Ribble are the parents of eight
children: Rosina, Mrs. William Short, residing in
Iowa, and the mother of Harry, Clair, Ray. Stella,
Nellie, George and Esther; Addie A. is the wife of
Calvin R. Thompson, living in San Jose, and they
are the parents of three children, Cadie, Pearl, and
Carl- Eleanor Clarinda. now Mrs. Melville Smiley,
living in San Jose and is the mother of five children,
Harold Herbert, Helen, Esther, and Arthur; John
W was married to Miss Clara Monroe, and with their
three children, Charles, Bernice, and Edwm, lives m
Des Moines, Iowa; Richard Herbert died in^ infancy;
Horace Oscar married Miss Bonnie W. btockdale
and thev reside in Colfax, Cal., and are the parents
of two chddren, Dolores and Douglas; Rubie Matilda,
now Mrs Clarence Soden and the mother of Theo
and Floyd, resides in Iowa; Charles Henry, residmg
in San Jose, married May Bowers and they have two
children, Harrv and Marian. Mr. Ribble has three
great-grandchildren. Mrs. Ribble died at the age
of thirtv-three years, in 1883, at Bear Grove. Mr.

1076

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Ribble was a charter member of Shelsburg (Iowa)
Post, G. A. R., and after it disbanded he became a
member of the Union Veteran Legion. After com-
ing to California he joined A. J. Bennett Post No.
162, G. A. R., in which he is an officer. While all
the days of his career have not been equally bright,
his resolute spirit and energy have enabled him to
overcome obstacles and difficulties and steadily ad-
vance on the road toward prosperity. He has a large
circle of friends throughout this part of the state,
enjoying the high regard with whom social or busi-
ness relations have brought him in contact.

JAMES F. McCAULEY,— Although one of the
more recent additions to the building contractors of
San Jose, James F. McCauley is rapidly develop-
ing a good business, for long experience has given
him an expert knowledge of this branch of activity
and the excellence of his work commends him to
the confidence and support of the general public. A
native of Ireland, he was born in County Tyrone,
November 5, 1877. his parents being Patrick and
Margaret (Harrington) McCauley, the former of
whom was a inember of the British Embassy, being
attached to the secret service. In 1883 the father
was sent to Perth, in the province of Ontario, Can-
ada, in connection with the work of that department,
and there the family resided for one year, after
which they crossed the border into the United
States, taking up their home in Milwaukee, Wis.
James F. was seven years old when he came to Mil-
waukee, where he attended thet public schools.

When fourteen years of age he started out in
life for himself, serving an apprenticeship to the
carpenter's trade with the Abbott Manufacturing
Company of St. Paul, Minn. He remained with
that company for six years and then went to St.
Louis, Mo., where for two years he was connected
with the Selden-Breck Construction Company as
foreman. The next seven years he spent as a
journeyman, following his trade in many states of
the Middle West. In the spring of 1912 he went
to Chicago, 111., where he entered the einploy of
the John M. Griffith Company, working on the
construction of their large office building and foun-
dry, and in the following year he came to San
Jose, arriving in December, 1913. He opened the
Grand Restaurant on Lightston Street, which he con-
ducted for two years, but the business did not ap-
peal to him and he ^ecured construction work with
the Twohy Brothers, with whom he remained until
1917, when he took a position as carpenter, aiding
in erecting the Ijuildings at Camp Fremont, Cal.
In May, 1918, he became assistant superintendent
of the Producers Warehouse Company of San Jose
and in 1919, when this firm was absorbed by the
California Cooperative Canneries, he was made su-
perintendent of plant Xo. 1. At the end of the
1919 packing season he took charge of tlie con-
struction and maintenance work on the canneries
for this company at ,San Jose, Modesto and Visalia,
remodeling the former and building the last two.
In September, 1920, he severed his connection with
that company and embarked in the general building
and contracting business in San Jose. In his build-
ing operations he uses only the best of material
and employs the most skilled workmen, while in the
execution of contracts he is promjit and reliable,
hence his business is rapidly increasing.

In San Rafael, Cal., on August 28, 1915, Mr.
McCauley was married to Miss Beatrice George, a
native of California, and a daughter of John and Eliza-
beth George. Her parents came to this state about
1880, settling in Santa Clara County, where she ac-
quired her education. In 1919 Mr. McCauley erected
an attractive residence on Menker Street and the
hospitality of their home is often enjoyed by their
many friends. He has had broad experience in a
business way and in the management of his inter-
ests he displays sound judgment and marked execu-
tive ability. Starting out in the world when four-
teen years of age, he has steadily worked his way
upward through close application and persistency
of purpose and his progressiveness and strict in-
tegrity have won for him the unqualified respect of
all with whom he has had business dealings.

DAVID P. FOUTS.— In various ways David P.
Fonts has been identified with the development and
progress of San Jose, and while now retired from
active business life, he is still interested in the pro-
gress and welfare of his community. Born in the
vicinity of Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio, January
19, 1835, he is the son of Henry and Fannie (Gable)
Fonts, the two families originally coming from Penn-
sylvania and were early settlers in Wayne County.
They were the parents of nine children, David P.
being ne.xt to the oldest. The father was a farmer
in Wayne County, and David helped his father with
the farm work. The father passed away when David
was a boy of fourteen, leaving a large family.

David P. Fouts began his early education in the
common schools of Wooster; later attending Otter-
bein University at Westerville. After leaving college,
he spent several years in teaching school in Wayne
County. On September 19, 1862, he enlisted for
service with Company C, First Ohio Cavalry. His
company was sent to Washington, D. C, and en-
tered upon the Gettyburg campaign, as an escort to
General Kilpatrick, who was in charge of three
brigades in the campaign. On July first and second
the companies were in battle at Hanover Courthouse.
Pa., with Stewart's cavalry, and the following night
again encountered him at Hunterstown. Following
tliis. General Kilpatrick received orders to join Gen-
eral Meade at Gettysburg, and was in the battle from
July 3 until (^,eneral Hood was defeated; on the
morning of the Fourth of July, General Kilpatrick
captured a rebel wagon train in the Blue Ridge
Mountains at Monterey. The following spring
David P. Fouts was granted a two weeks' furlough,
at the end of which time he was to report back to
(General Kilpatrick, but the general was so badly
wounded that he was disabled for active service, so
his company reported to General Wilson at Nash-
ville, Tenn., where he remained all summer. On
September 19, 1865, he was honorably discharged,
having served for three years. After the close of^ the
war, he removed to Schuyler, Colfax County, Neb.,
taking up a homestead. During the year of 1874 he
sold out and removed to California, settling in Fres-
no and was engaged in following his trade, that of
Iiainting, and was thus engaged for twenty years. He
returned to Ohio during the summer of 1886 on a
visit with relatives and friends.

The marriage of Mr. Fouts occurred in Novem-
ber, 1886, uniting him with Miss Mary Siler, a daugh-
ter of John and Mary Siler. early settlers and one of

HISTORY OF vSANTA CLARA COUNTY

1079

the founders of Muscatine, Iowa. Mrs. Fonts was
educated in the pubhc schools of Muscatine. She
came with a sister and brother to California in early
(lavs. In 1904 the family removed to San Jose, where
^[r. Fonts engaged in the contracting business until
about five years ago, being nearly eighty years old
when he retired from bis activities. Afr. and Mrs.
Fouts are the parents of one daughter, Florence, the
wife of ^Ir. Ogier and tbe>- have one daughter,
Dorothy, the famih- resitling at P.icific Grove. Mr.
Font's course in life has been upright and honorable
in everv relation, winning bim the confidence, good
will and high regard of all with whom be has been
associated. He is prominent in (1. A. R. activities
and was quartermaster of Atlantic Post at Fresno
when it was organized, and afterwards was chaplain.
He is now- a member of Sberidan-Dix Post No. 7,
San lose. Politically, be is a stanch Republican,
and bas ever believed in constructive measures.

JAMES FERRELL.— A self-made man who has
become well known as a cement contractor of Santa
Clara County is James Ferrell, having resided in
San Jose for the past twenty years. Born at Morton,
Delaware County, Pa,, August 6. 1851, he is a son of
Tames and Sarah (Coats) Ferrell. The father was a
butcher by trade, serving at his trade in Philadelphia,
but living nine miles in the country at Morton.
Tames Ferrell is the third child of a family of eight.
He attended grammar school, but the opportunities
for an education were very meager, as be was able
to attend but three months each season. When he
was eleven years old, he started out to earn his own
way working on farms. In 1868 he removed to Rock
Island, 111., where he remained for a short time; he
continued west until he came to El Paso, Texas,
then to Phoenix, Arizona, then to Yuma, and on to
California in 1871 remaining m Los Angeles but a
short time. He then left the Southland and journeyed
as far north as Lake County and for several years
was engaged in driving a stage from Calistoga to
the Big Geyser Springs in Lake County from the fall
of 1871 till 1876. From Lake County he went into
Humboldt County and drove a logging team in the
lumber camp of John Vance on Mud River at Ar-
eata. He then drove a logging team on the Salmon
River at Table Bluff for Mr. Jones. In 1881 he came
to San Joaquin County and engaged in ranching,
raising grain, beans, and potatoes on the river bottom
lands in San Joaquin County. He lived for a time
in Stockton and did teaming between Stockton and
the mining camps in the Sierras. In 1901 he re-
moved to San Jose and engaged in cement work,
doing sidewalk, curbing, concrete foundation and til-
ing. Mr. Ferrell was married in \'alleio February
14, 1884 to Miss Frances Rule, a native of Vallejo,
a daughter of Samuel and Isabel (Moffat) Rule, her
father a pioneer of 1850 arriving in California after
a long and hazardous journey around Cape Horn.
He was engaged in the building business for the gov-
ernment at Vallejo and Mare Island. He passed
away in 1883. Frances Rule Ferrell was educated
in the public schools of Vallejo. Mr. and Mrs. b'er-
rell are the parents of nine children; Isabel, now
Mrs. Harris, resides in Oakland; Samuel married
Ethel Lee and they live in San Jose, where he is
engaged in paving work; Sarah, a graduate of San
Jose State Normal, is a teacher in the Oakland
schools; Margaret died in infancy; Frances, also a

graduate of San Jose State Normal, is a teacher at
Willow Glen; Lydia. now Mrs. Adoradio, resides
in San Jose; James, now ranching at San Jose, was
in an olticers' training camp at Stanford University
until taken sick with influenza; Charles is employed
b\' the ITetblehem Steed Works, Oakland, as mechanic;
Kenneth is a student in the high school in San Jose.
'I'lie family have resided at 882 East Julian Street for
the last seven year.-,. Mr. I'errell was bereaved of
hi?, wife October 6, 1915, a sad blow to the family
and their many friends.

FRANK A. VON DORSTEN.— An experienced.
cHicient official is Frank A. Von Dorsten, the super-
\-islng foreman of the Pacific Telephone & Tele-
graph Company, with headquarters at San Jose, wdio
is a native of Colusa County. Fie was born in
Colusa on December 12, 1872, the son of Henry
Au.gust Von Dorsten, wdio was born on February
17, 1832, and started to come to California in 1849
but was compelled to delay his journey until the
fall of 1851. He first tried to cross the great plains
in an ox train, and in doing so underwent some very
sc\ ere hardships. The Indians broke up the emi-
grants' outfits, and they were compelled to return
borne; and wdien they got through Mr. Von Dorsten
made for the mines in Shasta County. There he was
employed in a grocery store, and then he hauled
supplies between Benicia and Shasta. He bought
the oxen himself, and ran betw-een the mines and
Bcnieia. He leased sheep land near Stony Corrall
west of Maxw"ell, and followed sheep raising for
some years, and then be took up land and engaged in
the growing of grain, adjoining Maxwell on the
west. He then removed to Oakland, where he spent
two years, and in 1884 he came to San Jose. In 1888
he engaged in orcharding, and having sold out his
interests in Colusa County, he continued to special-
ize in bis new field until his death on October IS,
1915. He was a member of the Masons, and was
buried with Masonic honors.

Mr. Von Dorsten had married Miss Frances Dun-
lap, born at Concord, N. H., on August 13, 1836,
who came to Colusa County in the early days,
and she died on January 10, 1875, beloved by all
who knew her. They had another son, Otto F.
Von Dorsten, born April 16, 1867, and he is still
living on the home ranch in Santa Clara County.

Frank A. enjoyed all the local educational advan-
tages and attended first the grammar and then the
high school, in San Jose, and after that he followea
with success tne courses of the San Jose Business
College from which he was graduated in 1891. Then
he joined his father and brother on the home ranch
in 1891 and remained there until June, 1895. when
he entered the service of the Pacific Telephone &
Telegraph Company, then the Sunset Telephone &
Telegraph Company. He has been with this con-
cern ever since, and has occupied his present posi-
tion for the past eight years. With his brother be
owns the old Van Dorsten home ranch of 100 acres
devoted to raising prunes and tbe\- are members
of the California Prune and Apricot Association,
and Mr. Von Dorsten is also vice-president and di-
rector of the Home Union and a stockholder in the
Security Bank. In San Jose, on January 29, 1902,
Mr, Von Dorsten was married to Miss Bessie Dun-
gan Rutherford, a native of Little Rock, Ark,, and
thev have one child living, a daughter named Frances.

1080

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

He IS a member of Fraternity Lodge No. 399,
F. & A. M., Howard Chapter No. 14, K A. M., San
Jose Council No. 20, R. & S. M., San Jose Com-
niandery No. 10, and with his wife is a member of
San Jose Chapter O. E. S. He is also a member
of Islam Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S.. San Francisco,
and is a member of San Jose Lodge No. S22, B.
P. O. E., and he also belongs to the Telephone Pio-
neers of America.

'Mr. and j\lrs. Von Dorsten are fond of motoring
and each summer they take long trips with their car
enjoying the scenery of the Pacific Coast states, each
year going into the high Sierras, where they have
great pleasure and enjoyment in hunting and fishing.

FRANK ABERNATHY.— A representative or-
chardist of Santa Clara County, Frank Abernathy
was for twenty-one years the capable and efficient
manager of the Sorosis Fruit Company, becoming
well and favorabh' known as a horticulturist and
manager of large affairs but is now looking after
his own properties. He was born in Iowa in 1876
and is the son of William Watson Abernathy, a
native of Ohio, born in 1851. The paternal grand-
parents v.-ere Samuel and Lydia Abernathy and were
farmers. His father was also a farmer and when
William was twelve years of age, moved to Indiana
and he lived there until he was twenty-one years
old, when he returned to Ohio where he worked in
a tile factory for two years. In 1873 William W.
Abernathy was married to Miss Sarah E. Hodgell,
a native of Ohio, born in 1853, and in 1880 they
reinoved to California, and after residing in dif-
ferent parts of California, finally settled in San Jose
in 1901. Mr. Abernathy was in the fuel, feed and
delivery business for several years and then he pur-
chased his present place on the Saratoga Road, where
he and his wife now reside. They are the parents of
two children: Minnie, the wife of Frank R. Forrest,
and Frank is the subject of this sketch.

Frank attended the public schools of Jewell, Kans.,
and then entered the State Normal at Einporia;
later he taught school for two years in Jewell Coun-
ty. In 1901 he removed to California and entered
the employ of the Sorosis Fruit Company, owned
by F. M. (Borax) Smith, and in 1908 became the
manager for the company and occupied that re-
sponsible position for six months after Mr. Smith
sold it to the new owners. Wishing to give all of
his time to the mana,gement of his own orchards
he resigned this position in Januar3r, 1922. Since
1908 Mr. Abernathy has owned orchards, adding to
his holdings by the purchase of full-bearing groves
from time to time, until he now owns five different
orchards in the vicinity of Saratoga, embracing 143
acres, devoted principally to raising prunes, although
he also .grows apricots, peaches, and pears. On his
ranch at Congress Junction he is also engaged in
raising White Leghorn poultry, having modern and
well equipped yards for the purpose. His home
ranch, known as the Bonney Orchards, is located on
the heights above Saratoga, commanding a beautiful
view of the Valley. His dry yards are located at the
Congress Junction ranch, where he cures all of his
fruit from the various orchards.

Mr. Abernathy's marriage united him with Miss
Nettie Melone, a native of Illinois, and they have
two children, Florence and Frances. Fraternally

Mr. Abernathy is a Modern Woodman, and with his
wife is a member of the Christian Church of San
Jose, being a member of the official board.

ADA SCOTT MORTON, M. D.— Prominent
among the distinguished members of the medical
profession in Santa Clara County, Dr. Ada Scott
Morton is a well-known surgeon of San Jose, who
has been able to exert a helpful 'influence in the ad-
vancement of the practice of surgery. A native
daughter, she was born at Stockton, a member of a
family of physicians. Her maternal grandfather,
a native of Alabama, was Dr. John Ferguson, and he
was widely known in both Alabama and Arkansas
as a successful practitioner. When he passed away,
he also enjoyed the prestige as owner of an extensive
plantation. Her paternal grandfather was Dr.

Thomas Scott, and he lived and died in Kentucky.
Her father, Richard Scott, was born in Kentucky,
was married in the East and crossed the plains in
1849 in a wagon train, locating at Stockton. He
brought mules and cattle across the plains, as well
as a large freighting outfit; and engaged in freight-
ing Ijetween Stockton and the mines, as well as into
the upper San Joaquin Valley. His brother. Dr.
David Scott, and relatives, crossed the plains in 1857
and were killed in the Mountain Meadow massacre.
Dick Scott, as he was familiarly known, was success-
ful as a freighter. He went through some hazardous
and harrowing experiences in those early days, hav-
ing been held up and robbed more than once. Later
on he engaged in ranching and became the owner
of several farms and after he retired, leased them.
He always made his home in Stockton until he came
to San Jose, where he spent his last days with Dr.
Morton, passing away in 1919. Her mother, who
was born in Alabama, where she was reared and
educated at a female college, is a cultured and refined
woman, who makes her home with her daughter.
Dr. Morton, at her home in Linda Vista, aged eighty-
four. Dr. Morton's brother. Dr. C. L. Scott, is a
practising physician at Hanford; another brother is
Dr. W. P. Scott of Bakersfield.

The twelfth child in a family of thirteen, Ada
Scott grew up in Stockton, where her father operated
as a large grain farmer. She was born in Stockton,
March 17, 1882, and graduated from the Tulare high
school in 1900, and then took, first a pre-medical.
and then a medical course at the California Medical
School at San Francisco, after which she entered
the medical department of the University of Illinois
at Chicago. She was graduated on June 4, 1907,
with the degree of M. D., and in the same year
began her active practice, associating herself with
her brother. Dr. W. P. Scott, at Bakersfield. At the
end of the year, in May. 1908, she removed to San
Jose and practised until 1911; then, during 1911-12,
she pursued post-graduate work for eleven months
at the Mayo brothers' celebrated clinic at Rochester,
Minn., and each year she spends a month or two
among Eastern clinics. Just before the outbreak of
the World War, she joined the clinical congress of
sur,geons of the world in London. In January, 1914,
Dr. Morton went to England and France, and while
there attended clinics under difi^erent surgeons, among
them being Drs. Warterhouse and Lane in the former
country, and Hartman and Tuffier in the latter; and
she was in France when war was declared; in fact,
was in a surgeons' meeting, standing by the side of
Dr. Tuffier when he received the message that war

/

HISTORY OF SANTA LXARA COUNTY

1U83

was declared. Wlion she was ready lo return, their
ship was chased hy subtiiarities.

In the early part oi U)l,^, Miss Scott married ])r.
A. W. Alorton of San Francisco, w lioni she later
divorced, and troni three to fonr years slie practised
in San Francisco as snrgeon for the Santa Fe Rail-
road Company. On May S, 1919, she ^vas married
to her present hnsband, Robert H. h'rederick, popu-
larly kno\\ n in athletic circles, where he is famous
as an athlete and wrestler, as Hd. "Strangler" Lewis,
and they are the parents of one child, pjobada Lewis.
He was born at Sheboy.yan h'alls, Wis., in 1890, of
German extraction, is six feet one and one-half inches
tall, and weighs 240 pounds. He was educated at
Louisville, Ky., and was the athletic instructor there.
He offered his services to the U. S. government, was
stationed at Camp Grant. Rockford, 111., and taught
the soldier boys hand-to-hand ffghtin.q;. He is now
the world's champion wrestler. Dr. Morton retains
her former name for professional reasons, and she
enjoys an extensive practice as a sur,geon.

CURTIS ELDEN HANGER.— Coming to Cali-
fornia and the Santa Clara Valley in 1883, Curtis F,.
Hanger is counted among the successful horticul-
turists of the county. He was born near Lafayette,
Ind,, on October 5, 1855, a son of M. M. and Ann
(Ellis) Hanger. The father was born in Augusta
County, Va., and came with his parents to Tippe-
canoe County, Ind., where he was reared on a farm.
In 1850 he came via Panama to San Francisco and
followed mining for a couple of years then returned
East again by way of the Isthmus. He was married
in Indiana to Miss Ann Ellis, the daughter of Thomas
and Elizabeth (Stoner) Ellis, of English and German
descent, respectively. The Hanger, Ellis and Stone
families were all pioneers of Indiana when there
were Indians all around that part of the country.
M. M. Hanger and his family came to California
in 1881 and in 1883 they settled in Santa Clara
County, where they bought and improved an orchard
at the corner of the Union and Los Gatos roads.
Here the mother died in October, 1900, Mr. Hanger
passing away in September. 1902. They were the
parents of four children: Curtis E. of this sketch;
Edward E. lives in Indiana; Elizabeth died at the
age of seven; Fred G. of this place.

Curtis E. received his preliminary education in the
schools of Indiana; later attended the Wabash Col-
lege and the Purdue University and Northern In-
diana State Normal. Before coming to California, he
had worked on a ranch, and after arriving here was
with his father on the ranch in the mountains near
Wright's Station. He then removed to his present
location on Union and Los Gatos roads, where he
has since engaged in horticulture. He has also done
his part in developing orchards here, for he bought
thirty-five acres of stubble which he planted to prunes
and brought to a high state of cultivation before he
disposed of it.

The marriage of Mr. Hanger occurred at Campbell,
in March, 1902, and united him with Miss Rose
E. Kimber, born in Brighton, England. Mrs. Hanger
was the daughter of David and Elizabeth (Perrin)
Kimber, born at Brighton and Cambridge. England,
respectively. The father was a machinist until he
retired and they still make their home at Brighton.
They are the parents of seven children, five of whom
are living, Mrs. Hanger was the eldest of the family

and the only one in California. In September, 1896,
she came to California to visit friends who were liv-
ing in the Sanla Cruz Mountains, and it was while
here tl:;il ^he met Mr. Hanger. Mr. and Mrs. Hanger
liave no children of their own, but have adopted
an orphan niece of Mrs. Hanger's, named Olive
Hanger, no\e attending Campbell high school. In
national politics, they are Republicans, and Mr.
Flanger has been a trustee of Cambria school district.
The Kimily are active members of the Alethodist
hpiscoi.al Church at Campbell, while Mrs. Hanger
is a member of the Ladies' Aid and the Country
Woman s Club and I'undita Club. In 1904 Mr. and
iMrs. Hanger madr a trip abroad, visiting Mr.
Hanger's old home, Brighton, England, and also
traveling into different parts of England as well as
on the continent, and on their return home they
visited the large cities of the East and Canada.

HARRY BARNES.— Although of English birth.
Harry Barnes has spent practically his entire life
m the LInited States and has thoroughly identified
his interests with those of his adopted country, be-
ing now numbered among the leading orchardis'ts of
the Santa Clara \'alley. He was born in London
England, iMay 13, 1882, a son of William and Alice
(Stroud) Barnes, who came to the United States
•.n 1887, settling in southwest Texas. At the time
of the Galveston flood in 1900. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes
and their six children were residing in that city.
Harry was the oldest and had left Galveston for
Dallas, the night before the storm. The rest of the
family all perished excepting the father, wdio es-
caped miraculously and now lives in Ft. Worth. In
the schools of tlic Lone Star state Harry Barnes
acquired his education and on starting out in life
for himself entered the employ of the firm of Stone
c^k Webster, Engineering Corporation of Boston,
Mass., becoming superintendent of power house con-
struction, which position he continued to fill for
ten years, his work in that connection taking him
all over the southern portion of the United States.
He was likewise identified with the agricultural in-
dustry, being engaged in raising stock, grain and
fruit, having a thirty acre orchard of peaches, pears
and plums. He continued in Texas for nine years
and then decided to locate in California, having been
very favorably impressed with this region during
previous visits to the state, having first visited the
Santa Clara "Valley twenty years ago. Disposing of
all of his interests in Texas, he came to the Santa
Clara Valley in February, 1921, and purchased a
tract of eleven acres on the corner of Case}' Road and
Union Avenue, near Campbell. He specializes in the
raising of prunes, in which he has been very suc-
cessful, for he believes in advanced methods and
keeps abreast of the times in every way.

Mr. Barnes was married in Dallas, Texas, July
31, 1905, to Miss Marie Brundrett, a native of Texas,
and they now have a daughter, Harriet Brundrett
Barnes. Mr. Barnes is a member of Orchard City-
Grange and the California Prune and Apricot Grow-
ers, Inc. He finds recreation in hunting and fishing
and is nonpartisan in his political views, placing the
qualifications of a candidate above all other consid-
erations. In the management of his business affairs
he has been progressive, energetic and capable and
in the discharge of his duties as a citizen has at all
times been actuated by patriotic principles.

1084

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

HENRY B. FISHER.— A man of high standing in
his profession who has been identified with the
connty of Santa Clara since 1893, is Henry B. Fisher,
surveyor and civil engineer, with offices in the Grow-
ers Bank Building, San Jose. Mr. Fisher is a native
of Wisconsin, having been born at Port Washington,
on September 17, 1866, a son of William F. and
Emeline (Ijcach) Fisher; the father, who served dur-
ing the Civil War, passed away while the family
were still residing in St. Paul, Minn.; the mother
made her home with her son in San Jose until her
death, August 31, 1921.

Henr5' B. Fisher attended the public schools of
St. Paul, Minn., and also had the advantage of a
course in a St. Paul business college. Later he took a
course in the International Correspondence School, in
civil engineering. He iirst worked in St. Paul as dep-
uty county surveyor of Ramsey County, Minn.; later
as assistant engineer of construction of the Woods
Harvester Works, and still later served one season in
the river and harbor work of the U. S. War Depart-
ment. In 1893, he came to California and settled in
San Jose, where he has established himself in busi-
ness, and here he has been very successful, each year
widening his circle of influential friends and clients.
He is city engineer for the towns of Santa Clara, Gil-
roy, Morgan Hill, Alviso, and Carmel-by-the-Sea.

Mr. Fisher's marriage united him with Miss Laura
Lacey. a native of Wisconsin, and they are the parents
of three children: Raymond W., Helen, and Flor-
ence. Mr. Fisher is popular in the fraternal and
business circles of San Jose, being a Scottish Rite
Atason, a member of the Odd Fellows, Woodmen
of the World, Sons of Veterans and Royal Arcanum.
Mr. Fisher and his family are active workers in the
Congregational Church, and in national politics he
is a Republican. He is a lover of outdoor life, is
very fond of baseball and spends his leisure time
during that season watching that interesting sport on
the diamond.

HOWARD S. WALTZ.— A prominent builder and
'■ontractor of vSaii Jose who is contributing to the
upluhlding of the (.Tarden City by the attractive
homes he is erecting for others as well as those
he is building and selling himself, is Howard S.
Waltz, proud of his heritage as a native son of Cali-
fornia, having been born in Oakland, on August 3t).
1S88. He is the son of Dr. George and Gertrude
(Smith) \\'altz; the father, who was a dentist, came
to California in the early '80s and settled at Walnut
Creek, where he resided at the time of his death;
the mother is still living and makes her home in
San Jose.

Howard was educated in the public schools and
having come here in 1895, he took the high school
course in San Jose. h'or six years he was in the
employ of Frank Wolf as an architectural drafts-
man and later served one year as head draftsman of
Wright and Kimbrough at Sacramento, Cal, later
returning and engaging in contracting, taking con-
tracts for such buildings as the George Glendcnning
liome, the Horace Keesling home, Dr. H. B. Rey-
nold's residence in Palo Alto and others there, also
the home of H. C. Phillips in Los Gatos. He is
now building and selling homes himself, in which
undertaking he has been very successful.

Mr. Waltz's marriage united him with Miss Gladys
Trimble, who is a native of California, having been

born in San Jose, and they are the parents of four
children: Dorothy L. ; William Howard; Betty Jane;
and Jean Eleanor. Mr. Waltz is an active member
of the Chamber of Commerce, also the Builders'
Association and the Woodmen of the World. In
national politics, he is a stanch adherent of the
Republican party. In his youthful days, he was a
devotee of bicycling and attained considerable reputa-
tion as a racer, and he still keeps up his interest in
out-door sports by camping trips in the mountains.

JOHN MOSSL— A successful rancher who is a
strong advocate of cooperation among farmers, is
John Mossi, the vineyardist who resides on the Wat-
sonville Road, eight miles northwest of Gilroy. He
was born at Buenos Aires, in the far-away Argentine
Republic, on October 18, 1872, although his father,
John Mossi, was a native of Canton Ticino, Switzer-
land. He was a remarkable man, and when twenty-
two \-ears old, in 1852, he made a trip to South
America, taking over a year in a sailing vessel to make
the trip, to locate and establish a packing house
for the handling of tallow and hides; he resided
many years at Buenos Aires, where he became well-
to-do; and when he sold out, he returned to Swit-
zerland. During his stay in the Argentine Republic,
he was for four years consul from Switzerland; and
he made numerous trips from South America to
Europe, and also became well knowm in New York,
where, for eleven years he was proprietor of one of
the highest-class restaurants, which he had estab-
lished. He also opened a restaurant at San Fran-
cisco, and when he was eighty-six years old, he re-
tired and returned to Switzerland, where he died
October 18, 1921. Mrs. Mossi is still living, enjoying
good health at the age of eight>'.

John Mossi accompanied his mother, in 1876, from
Buenos Aires to Switzerland and was there reared
and educated in a fine private academy. When he was
eighteen years old, he crossed the ocean to America
and followed his father to San Francisco, a year
after he had gone hither; and in 1891 he went to work
on a ranch near San Luis Obispo for a Mr. Farrey.
At the end of six months, he removed to the Santa
Clara \'alley; and he soon became foreman of the
vineyard and orchard development work on the Ban-
der ranch in the Morgan Hill Valle>'. In 1894 he
leased the John Wise ranch and orchard, and at the
end of six years rented the P. H. Cordes \'ineyard,
where he then lived for eleven years, engaged as a
vinejardist and wine-maker. In 1910 he acquired
by purchase some forty acres of barren land on the
Watsonville Road, and this he has since developed
into a fine vineyard and orchard.

At Gilroy, in January, 1898, Mr. Mossi was married
to Miss Rosie Mautino, the daughter of Frank Mau-
tino of Gilroy, a talented woman who presides Over
her home gracefully. Two children have sprung
from this happy union, Artillo and Modesta. Mr.
Mossi was made a citizen of the United States at
San Jose in 1896, and since then he has voted the
Republican ticket. He is a member of the Gilroy
lodge of Odd Fellows, and Mrs. Mossi is a member
of the Rebekahs. He is always public-spirited, and
has never failed to help the development of worthy
public enterprises.

kAjVuau^ A/ ^2^J>c.<lJx^

IHS'I'DRY OF SANTA CI,AkA COUNTY

1087

AUGUSTUS A. SCHOENHEIT.— An old inoiKtr
lamily is wortliily rcprcsciiteil liy AuKu.stus A.
Schocnhoit, who was horn in Santa Clara County
in the Cupertino district August ,U, 1872, the son
of Augustus and Juha A. (Lntz) Sihoenheit. Thi-
father was the discoverer and manufacturer of the
faTuous Schoenheit remedies, and he was also the
founder, in the pioneer days, of a druK husiness in
San lose. Born in the nndst of the Thur-
ioijian Forest, in Saxony, (urmany, IDeceniher 12,
1827, his earliest youth proved a keynote to his novel
and ont-of-the-ordinary career. He was horn in a
humhle mountain home, in a re,L;ion otTering great
inducements to his father, John Schoenheit. a civd
engineer and surveyor. Left an orphan wdien three
years old, while still a small lad. Augustus Schoen-
heit removed to ]\Ioscow, Russia, where he li\'ed
with his eldest sister and there' he attended the
gymnasunn, and later pursued Ins studies ni a simi-
Tar institution in St. Petershurg. He remained in
Russia until he was sent hack to Germany^ for
militarv service, when he enlisted in the Third
laeger" Corps of the German army and advanced to
first lieutenant before his tweiity-hrst >'ear. From
1848 until 1851 he saw service m the Schleswig-
Holstein war. After completing his military serv-
ice he spent two years in the University of Got-
tingen, and there met Prof. William Seelig, his
lifetime friend. In 1853, ilr. Schoenheit sailed from
Xew York for Cahfornia, crossing the Isthmus or
Panama on foot. He suffered great privations on
this trip, and after arriving in San Francisco mined
at Coloma, in the Sugar Loaf district, in Sonora and
Big Oak Flat, in the latter place hearing from the
Indians that there was a place where the water came
pouring down from the sky. Knowing that the
Red men meant to describe a valley, accompanied
by three companions, they proceeded in the direction
indicated bv the Indians. Going through a forest
of big trees and w-ading through grass as high as
man and beast, thev came upon the great Yosemite
Vallev from the Big Oak Flat side, and were over-
whelmed by its vastness and grandeur. With the
exception of Hutchinson, who had been there a few
days before, they were probably the first white men
to enter this now famous valley, and they may be
said to be the first discoverers and practical ex-
plorers, for they brought back the first description
ever given of one of the greatest wonders of the
world. This was in 1854. Returning to San Fran-
cisco, Mr. Schoenheit soon afterward came to San
lose and became a clerk in the first drug store in
Cahfornia, founded in 1849 by an Italian by the
name of Davini. Some years later it was sold to
Dr. Van Cannigan and Dr. Lee, under whom Mr.
Schoenheit worked as a druggist. Eighteen months
later he purchased the business, located on North
Market near the corner of Santa Clara Street, the
present site of the Rea Bldg. In 1858 he moved to
Santa Clara Street, where the Smout building now
stands, and in 1878 he moved across the street at the
corner of Lightston Alley and Santa Clara Street.
Mr. Schoenheit made a trip to Europe, traveling
extensively in different countries, where he contin-
ued his studies of chemistry and pharmacy in the
great centers of learning, and experimented with
certain remedies which he desired to place on the
market. In 1898 the business w-as removed to the

Lelitia building at 72 South h'irst Street, and he
continued to manufacture his remedies. His lini-
ment gained for him a world-wide reputation, as well
.IS his other reme<lies. He niarriefl Miss Julia Lutz,
.1 iKiti\'e of Hartford, Conn., and two children were
born to them, Augustus A., of this review, and
Sophia. Mrs. Geo. E. .Merrill of Santa Rosa, Cal.,
a graduate of Stanford IhiiversitN-. Mr. Schoenheit
passed away in 1906; and his widow now resides at
Santa Rosa.

.Augustus .\. Schoenheit's early education was ob-
tained in the grammar schools of San Jose, wdien
he entered Santa Clara College, on completion of
which he attended Heald's Business College in San
Francisco, where he was duly graduated. In 1893
he took active management of his father's drug busi-
ness. Many improvements were made and the ca-
pacity of the manufacturing plant was increased and
newer and more modern methods were adopted. In
1907, one year after his father's death, he sold the
business and took a position with the Security State
Hank; starting at the bottom he worked his way up
until he is now paying teller. In 1912 he bought
a thirtj-six acre ranch on the Stevens Creek Road
between San Jose and Cupertino and two years
later moved on to it; he built a beautiful bunga-
low residence, and laid out spacious lawns. For ir-
ri.gating his orchard he has a pumping plant with
a capacity of 1060 gallons of water per minute.

On June 5, 1901, Mr. Schoenheit was united in
marriage with Miss Winifred MacLeod, a daughter
of Edward and Elizabeth MacLeod, born at Somers-
ville, Cal. Mrs. Schoenheit received her education in
the schools of Santa Clara. They are the parents of
one daughter, Helen Marr. In politics he is a Repub-
lican; he belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is
a member of San Jose Lodge, B. P. O. Elks.

JULES EMILE RISPAUD.— A native son. Jules
Fmile Rispaud, was born at Long Bridge, two miles
above Saratoga. May 25, 1884. His father. Joseph
Rispaud, was born in Hautes-Alps, France, and came
to San Francisco, Cal., in 1866 and soon afterwards
located in Santa Clara County and in time he bought
320 acres on Campbell Creek in partnership with
Maurice Garcin. another old pioneer. Later they
divided this ranch, each retaining 160 acres. Mr.
Rispaud improved the place and built his residence
and set out orchards when he had cleared the land.
Here he reared his family and resided until his death,
in 1910, aged sixty-three years. He was clerk of
the school board in Booker district for over twenty-
five years and was then succeeded b>' his son Jules.
Mrs. Rispaud was Elizabeth Calpin, a native of Bel-
gium, and their marriage occurred in California. She
passed away over twenty-five years ago. Of the
seven children, five are living: George, of San Jose;
Jules, the subject of this review; Mary is Mrs. Al-
bert Athenour of this county; Henry is deceased;
Louise is Mrs. Leon Athenour, also of this county,
Joseph lives in San Jose; Louis is deceased.

Jules Rispaud attended the public school in the
Booker district meanwhile from a lad made himself
generally useful on the ranch helping to improve it
and set out the orchard and vineyard. After his
father's death he purchased the home ranch and has
since engaged in fruit r<aising and general farming.
He was married in San Jose, January 1, 1914, to

1088

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

Aliss Rose Corbella, ^\-ho was born in San Jose a
daughter of Louis and Margaret (Scrra) Corbella,
natives of Tornio, Piedmonte, Italy, who were mar-
ried in San Jose, and were farmers on the Quito
Road until they sold the place in 1921 and now are
living retired. Mrs. Rispaud, their only child, re-
ceived her education in the Boulder Creek school.
Mr. and Mrs. Rispaud have one child, a daughter
Julia. When Mr. Rispaud's father retired from the
school board, he was elected trustee of Rooker dis-
trict to succeed him, and he has held the position
ever since, covering a period of fifteen years. Mr. and
Mrs. Rispaud are liberal and hospitable and are
much esteemed and highly respected.

THOMAS LOFTIN BLANCHARD, M.D.— A

distinguished niend^er of the medical profession in
Santa Clara County to whom the Golden State is
indebted for some of its reputation as one of the
most desirable corners of the earth in wdrich to live,
is Dr. Thomas Loftin Elanchard, of San Jose, in
which progressive city he is both familiarly and
agreeably known, and his offices in the Bank of San
Jose building have become a Mecca to those seeking
the benefits of the last word of science. Dr. Blanch-
ard was born in Missouri on July 17, 1886, the son of
George B. Blanchard, a lumberman and stockraiser
w-ho came from Missouri to California in 1893 and
settled in San Jose, where he established the largest
wholesale hay business. He married Miss Enieline
Payne, and they resided at 875 University avenue.
Thomas L. attended the public schools at San Jose,
and also Santa Clara, finishing there the high school
course, and then he studied at the Cooper Medical
College in San Francisco, and was graduated there-
from in Alay, 1909, with the M.D. degree.

For a couple of years Dr. Blanchard practiced in
Campbell, after which he took a trip to Europe and
studied at both Vienna and Berlin, doing post-gradu-
ate work. On returning to America, he opened an
office in San Jose, and there he has since practiced,
making a specialty of surgery. He joined the staff
of the O'Connor Sanitarium, and wdicn the world
conflict called for such professional services as liis,
he became a first lieutenant and served his country
and humanity for seventeen months.

On October 28, 191,3, Dr. Blanchard was married
to Miss Mariam A. Harris, a native of California, a
gifted lady, well fitted to be his helpmate. He is a
Mason and belongs to the Consistory, in which he
has risen to the thirty-second degree, and to the Com-
mandery. Dr. Blanchard's status as a skillful surgeon
and a thoroughly up-to-date practitioner is reflected
in his election as president of the County Medical
Society, and his activity in both the State Medical
Society and the American Medical Association. A
Democrat in respect to his preference for party
platforms, he is ready at all times to cast aside par-
tisanship when a nonpartisan support will elect or
adopt those persons or measures which would be
most desirable for the community. He is fond of
gardening and the other diversions of outdoor life,
and as this is one of the garden-spots of the world,
is deeply interested in Santa Clara County, its past
and its future. On July 6, 1922, Dr. Blancliard re-
turned from his second trip to Europe, having spent
five months in London, Paris, and \'ienna hospitals.

studying surgery and women's diseases. From the
University of Vienna he received his diploma for
post-graduate surgical work.

CARLO PANIGHETTL— Many of the sons and
daughters of Sunny Italy have aided in the develop-
ment of the orchards and vineyards that have made
the Santa Clara \'alley and Santa Cruz Mountains
famous, and among them none have done more than
Carlo Panighetti and his estimable wife who with
pride can point to their si.x sons and three daughters
who have also aided them in accomplishing the de-
velopment of one of the valuable vineyards in this
mountain region. Carlo Panighetti was born at Ro-
mianca. Province of Novara, Italy, February 19,
1856, a son of John and Theresa (Franchioli) Pani-
ghetti, of an old family there. The father worked in
mines in Italy, Switzerland, F'rance and Germany.
He died in Neufchatcl and the mother died at the old
home. Of the seven children, Carlo was the second
oldest, and only t\vo are now living. He was reared
on the home farm to habits of industry, at the same
time he attended the local schools. However, at the
age of fourteen years he struck out to paddle his
own canoe, going to Neufehatel, Switzerland, where
he was employed in an asphalt mine for twelve years.
During this time he made several trips to his old
home and on one of these visits he was married, on
Xew Year's Day, 1883, to Miss Marie Perone, who
was born in the same vicinity. She is the daughter of
Vincent and Josepha (Rossetti) Perone, farmers
tliere, and the second oldest of their eight children.
After leaving the asphalt mines Mr. and Mrs. Pani-
ghetti spent a short time in France, and then, in 1885,
came direct to the Santa Clara Valley, Cal., a step
they have never regretted. •

Mr. Panighetti worked on farms and in orchards
and vineyards and in time became foreman. Having
accumulated sufficient means to engage in agri-
culture on his own account, he purchased his present
ranch, in 1893, comprising eighty acres. There was
very little improvement, so he set to work, clearing,
grubbing and breaking the soil, and faithfully set out
and cared for the vineyard until today it is a splendid
property wdth thirt_v-five acres of bearing vineyard
and orchards, the latter being devoted to raising
prunes and cherries, apples and pears. His buildings
are comfortable and in keeping with the prosperous
condition of the ranch. He also owns an eighty acre
ranch, purchased 1909, located two miles below his
home, on the Bear Creek Road, both lying on the
Santa Clara side of the Summit. On this ranch he
also cleared much of the land and set out orchard
and vineyard until he now has all of thirty-five acres
in a high state of cultivation to which he and his
family give splendid care.

Mr. and Mrs. Panighetti's union was blessed with
eleven children, two of ivhom died in infancy before
they emigrated to California; but nine grew up and
are living, to wdiom they have given the best educa-
tion within their means and trained to habits of in-
dustry and good American citizenship. The eldest,
John, who served in the U. S. Army in the World
War, is married to Pearl Cushing and resides in Los
Gatos; Mrs. Delphine Scilini, of Alma; Mrs. Emma
Pianto, of Los Gatos; Carlo Alphonso, who married
Miss Camilla Tonini, is ably assisting his father to

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

1089

care for the orchard anil vineyard. Then tliere are
Marie Alvera. Noali, Alhert, Charles and Sah'atore,
wlio are also assisting; their parents and attending
school. ^Ir. PaniLjhetti is interested in the cause ol
education, beins; a meniber of the hoard of trustees
of Brown school district, having serxed for some
years as clerk of the hoard. f-le is proud eii his
American citizenship anil casts his \ote luuler the
banners of the Republican part>'. Mr. l'anii;hettt
gives no small credit to his estimable wife, who has
stood shoulder to shoulder with him in accomplish-
ing: their aim of a well earned ccTnipetency.

JUDGE WILLIAM G. LORIGAN.— An emment
jurist of the State of California, and a man of brib
liant mental attainments. Judge William G. Lorigau
ever wore the stainless ermine of judicial integrity,
displaying in his rulings a quick perception of the
principles of justice and a deep and discriniinatin.g
study of the precedents and precepts of law applica-
ble to every case, bearing himself always w ith a lofty
impartiality' toward the parties and the interests in-
volved. In his bearing toward the bar he was dis-
tinguished tor the courtesy accorded to every mem-
ber, and the esteem, confidence and veneration in
which he was held will continue to make fragrant
liis memory through the years to come.

The parents of this distinguished jurist were both
natives of Ireland and came to the United States in
their early- youth, settling in Ohio, but in 1852 they
removed from Cincinnati to the gold fields of Aus-
tralia, and during their temporary residence there
William G. Lorigan was born in 1855. I'ive years
later his parents returned to America, and coming to
California, settled in Santa Clara County. Here the
son passed his youth, taking up his residence in San
Jose in 1884. His education was obtained at Santa
Clara College, and at St. Vincent's College at Cape
Girardeau, Mo. Early in life he began the stud>' of
law, and after a thorough course of preparation with
the firm of Moore, Laine, Delmas and Leib. at San
Jose, he was admitted to practice by the Supreme
Court in 1879, when only twenty-three years of a.gc.
He immediately engaged in practice in partnership
with Harry Benson, and it was not long until he
became recognized as one of the best lawyers in the
city. An interesting coincidence of this early partner-
ship is the fact that his associate became Justice of
the Supreme Court of Oregon, while Judge Lorigan
rose to the same distinction in California.

Judge Lorigan was elected twice to the now extinct
office of justice of San Jose, and in the fall of 1890
to the office of Superior Judge of the county. He was
reelected to the Superior Bench twice and immedi-
ately after being chosen for the third term he was
appointed by Governor Gage to the Supreme Court
of the state to fill a vacancy caused by death; he was
elected again and again to this high position until he
retired in the fall of 1918. A man of deep convictions.
Judge Lorigan was greatly impressed w-ith the re-
sponsibilities imposed by the judicial office entrusted
to him under our system of government, and for a
judge to "play the political game" was in his eyes
beneath the dignity of the Supreme Court.

The bench and bar of the community had great
admiration for the ability of Judge Lorigan. and at
his passing, Justice John E. Richards of the District

Court of Appeal, said: "I regard Judge Lorigan as
one of the ai)lest jurists who ever sat on the bench
'" "'^' ^'■'»^- of California, from the lime of his
admission to practice in the early 'aOs lie displayed
the possession of a hue legal and judicial mind to a
■narked degree. He was selected as a member of
the Supreme Bench of California among many aspi-
rants, and Irom the time of his first appearance on
that tribunal he ranked among the most capable of
the men who have sat upon it during the long term
ot his service there. He was particularly marked for
his great industry and for his intense and constant
love of justice m (he concrete and for his knowledge
ot the decisions ot the Supreme Court of the State of
Lalilornia. His opinions were always full and able
especially those in the domain of criminal law in
which he excelled. He contributed to the body of 'our
substantive law a large number of verv able opinions
and the law as he declared it in these opinions will
l)e cited by lawyers and jurists with special reference
to^ himself during all the state's subsequent history."

The iollouing tribute is from the Modesto Herald-
"Some twenty years ago. Judge Lorigan, then of the
Superior Court of Santa Clara County, was by mutual
agreement of the anti- and pro-irngationists called to
Modesto to decide a case. Judge Lorigan listened
very patiently to the attorneys on both sides for about
a week and promptly decided that the anti-irrigation-
ists were m the wrong and the pro-irrigationist'"s were
m the right. Immediately thereafter the pro-irriga-
tionists took heart, the irri.gation bonds rose from
nominal to a comparatively fair valuation, and the
iModesto and Turlock Irrigation districts came into
the developing stage. These bonds are now above
par, and upon the development of these districts and
their bonds many other irrigation districts of Cali-
fornia are based. Stanislaus County, in particular
and the ever-mcreasing irrigation districts, owe more
to Judge Longan's decision m the cases in which he
sat in Modesto than to any other influences that have
ever been exerted. And Judge Lorigan's decision m
tins case was so comprehensive and complete that
appeal was never contemplated."

Judge Lorigan was in failing health for about two
years and he passed away at San Francisco, where
he had been making his home, on April 2 1910 at
the age of sixty-four. He was survived bv'his
widow Mrs. Anme F. (Burgis) Longan; a son,
Bai-thol W. Lorigan, a real estate dealer at San lose-
a daughter. Airs. Burgis Lacoste of San FranJisco'
and three brothers. Henry F. Lorigan of Oakland
Frank V. Lorigan of San Francisco, and Charles M
Lorigan of San Jose; the latter has since passed away
A deceased sister. Minnie, was the wife of George
iN icholson of Alviso. Mrs. Lorigan was a native daugh-
ter, born m San Francisco, whose father, Capt. Rob-
ert Berseford Burgis, a native of England, was a sea-
captain. His wife was Anne Picking, also born m
England, and they were married in Christchurch,
New Zealand. In the earl\- '505 Captain Burgis took
up his residence on Rincon Hill, San Francisco, but
continued to follow the sea until his death. Mrs.
Lorigan completed her education at Williams' Young
Ladies' Acadeiny. Judge Lorigan was an influential
member of the Young Men's Institute, the Foresters
and the Elks. Rising by native force of character to

1090

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

an L-mincnce of distinguished usefulness, his career
coramands the admiration of all classes of society,
and should especially excite the young men of today
to an imitation of the virtues of his exemplary life.

EDWARD NOBLE WILLIAMS.— A resident of
California since 1875, Edward Noble Williams was
l)orn in Burlington, Iowa, July 28, 1858. His father,
J. M. Williams, was born in New- Jersey and was a
IMoneer of Burlington, engaged in contracting and
building. The family moved to San Jose in 1875,
when the mother died. His father spent his last days
on our subject's ranch, passing away at the age of
eighty-five. Edward N. was the youngest of four
children born of this, his father's second marriage,
being educated in the grammar and high school in
Burlington until his junior year, when he accompanied
his parents to San Jose in 1875. His brother, B. E.
Williams, was a surveyor, and Edward worked under
him as a surveyor until Black's store was opened,
when he became a clerk in this store. I'"our years
later he resigned to begin ranching on the Summit,
having purchased sixty-five acres from the Burrell
ranch about forty-one years ago, which he immediate-
1\ began clearing and setting to orchard and vine-
yard, and now has one of the fine places in the Bur-
rell district, the orchard Ijeing in prunes and plums.
Mr. Williams was married in the Burrell district
to Mary E. Pratt, born in Marysville, Cal., where
she was reared and educated. I'our children have
blessed their union: Hattie B., E. J.. A. B. and i'lari-
an E.: E. J. served overseas for about two years dur-
ing the World War. Mr. Williams has served ac-
ceptably as trustee of Burrell school district for
twelve years. Eraternally he is a member of Soquel
Lodge of Odd Eellows.

HERMAN SUND.— One of the oldest settlers uf
Los Oatos who has had much to do with the growth
and development of the city, as well as shaping the
destinies of its civic and municipal government is
Herman Sund, who is highly respected and greatlv
loved and esteemed by everyone in this beautiful
city. He is a native of Sweden, born at V'enesburg.
in December, 1844, a son of Herman and Margaret
Sund. He was reared in his native place, had the
advantages of the excellent schools for which Sweden
is famous, and when fifteen years of age he left home
and apprenticed to the carpenter trade. When twenty-
three years of age he shipped aboard a vessel as a
carpenter and sailed to different countries including
Europe, West Indies, North and South America. In
1865, having quit the sea, he came to the LInited
States and followed his trade in different Southern
states and in Kansas until 1873, when he came to
California. Locating in Oakland he worked at his
trade in San Francisco. As foreman of carpenters
he assisted in building the Eirst and Second street
cable roads in that city, on Clay and Geary streets.

In 1881, Mr. Sund located in Los Gatos and bought
a ranch in the city, adding to it until he had fortA-
one acres. He engaged in contracting and building,
and also established a lumber yard in 1884, which he
ran for many years in connection with his building
business, and being very active and energetic he built
up a great portion of the city. He also improved
his ranch with orchards, and since the city has grown
he has laid out a portion of his land which he has

sold to builders of homes. When Los Gatos was in-
corporated in 1887 he was elected a member of the
board of trustees and reelected to the office. He took
an active and prominent part in shaping the destinv
of this beautiful foothill city, being now the only one
living of the original charter board he is not only
referred to as the father of the town but as the
grandfather of the town.

Mr. Sund's first marriage was in Kansas, when he
was united with Josephine Peterson, who died leav-
ing three children. After coming to Los Gatos he
was married to Miss Louise Schrepper, born in
Glarus, Switzerland, a well-educated and cultured
lady who came to San Erancisco when twenty-two
years of age and to Los Gatos in 1883, so she has
also seen the growth of this pleasant city. Mr. Sund
is a splendid specimen of the upbuilders and sup-
porters of worthy measures, and a believer in pro-
tection for Americans, he is a stanch Republican.

CHARLES GAGLIASSO.— An energetic man
who did much to improve Santa Clara County and
make of it the garden spot of today was the late
Charles (}agliasso, who was born in Monforte, Pied-
monte, Italj', October IS, 1854, where he was reared
to habits of industry and received a good education
m the common schools of his native place. He was
married at Alba, Piedmonte, January 5, 1885, being
united with Miss Margherita Lora, who was born in
(.iuarena, Piedmonte, in 1865, and grew to woman-
hood in that interesting country in Northern Italy.
In 1887 the young couple came to Santa Clara Coun-
ty, Cal., and located in the Montebello district. Mr.
Gagliasso became foreman on Dr. Peroni's ranch and
cleared and set out the Peroni vinej'ards, as well as
superintending the building up of the winery on the
place, and after ten years had 100 acres of the place
in vineyard. He then purchased 160 acres of land
on Table Mountain at the head of Stevens Creek and
proceeded to clear the land and set out vines, in time
having a vineyard of over 100 acres, and improved
the place with residence and suitable buildings. Later
he purchased the Dr. Hillman ranch, afterwards
known as the Trout I-'arm, and proceeded in the
same energetic way to improve it. However, these
two ranches was not the limit of his capabilities for
he also leased the Doyle ranch of 600 or 700 acres
and operated it in connection with his two ranches
until he passed away, March 4, 1911, leaving his
widow and eight children and numerous friends to
mourn his demise.

Since her husband's death, Mrs. Gagliasso took
over the management of their ranches and with the
aid of her children continues to care for and operate
the properties. She sold the Trout Farm and pur-
chased a splendid thirty-acre orchard at Campbell and
a twenty-acre orchard on McLellan Avenue, near Cu-
pertino, where she makes her home. Their eight
children are all living and proving themselves
worthy sons and daughters of a pioneer couple.
Joseph assists his mother in the management of the
different ranches; Anne, is the wife of H. W. Reg-
nart, a horticulturist of this district; John, also as-
sists his mother; Angelina, is Mrs. Conrote of Gil-
roy, but now traveling in Europe with her husband;
Charles, is also assisting on the home farm; Onorina,

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COIIN'IA'

109.^

is the wife of Bozt Krilotich, and resides in San
Francisco; Fiurivaiiti and Michael arc at home. The
children have been given a good education and are a
credit to the parental training they have received.
Mrs. Gagliasso is an interested member of the Cali-
fornia Prune and Apricot Growers' Association and
with her family is a member of St. Joseph de Cuper-
tino Catholic Church.

ALFRED WASHINGTON ELLET. — Since

coming to Palo Alto, Alfred Washington Ellct, the
clfleient vice-president of The Stanford Bank, has
lived so quietly that few of his acquaintances have
even guessed at his exceptional technical knowledge
of the banking business. The old adage of "poets
being born, not made." applies equally to banking
as Mr. Ellet has clearly proved by many years of
successful work in this intricate and interesting busi-
ness. Mr. Ellet is the son of Edward Carpenter
Ellet and a grandson of Brigadier-General A. W. El-
let of national fame. He was born at El Dorado,
Kan., August 15, 1871. His childhood was spent in
El Dorado until he was sixteen, when he entered
Swarthmore College where he followed the general
college course, and by his close application to his
studies laid the foundation for the remarkable suc-
cess which has attended his business career. At the
age of nineteen he entered the master mechanic's
office of the Union Pacific Railway at Ellis, Kans.,
where he remained for six months, and then held a
position with the Gille & Van Peyma Wholesale
Hardware Company of Kansas City, Mo., for three
years, after which he became a clerk in the National
Bank of Commerce of said city, where he remained
for a period of twenty-five years, perfecting himself
in the work of- all departments.

At the end of a quarter century in the bank, Mr.
Ellet was appointed deputy bank commissioner for
the State of Kansas, and for seven years was an
honored and most efficient member of the State
Banking Department of that state. He was widely
quoted as an authority on banking and has made its
every detail a close study. After resigning from the
Bank Commissioner's office, he was made vice-pres-
ident of The Stanford Bank which was then being
established at Palo Alto, and by his keen judgment
and personal oversight, as well as his great exper-
ience, he has placed the venture upon a firm basis,
and made The Stanford Bank one of the solid insti-
tutions of the vallej'. Although holding the oifice of
vice-president of both the Palo Alto and Mayfield
branches of the Stanford Bank, he personally attends
to all the details of the business of the two estab-
lishments and closely oversees the work of his care-
fully trained assistants. Every day finds him at his
desk and his office hours are the same as those of his
employes. The new, handsomely furnished home of
the Stanford Bank in Palo Alto owes its inception
to him. Without doubt Mr. Ellet is among Califor-
nia's most proficient bankers, having gained his
knowledge by close and thorough study in all lines
of the business from the days of his earliest man-
hood, and has perfected himself in the mysteries of
finance and banking as carefully as astronomers or
other men of science study their art. The growth of
The Stanford Bank has been steady and healthy.
On May 31, 1918, it opened with total assets of

$210„i.S2.18, and on June M), 1922, its sheets showed
$503,773.58, and this is mainly due to the clever man-
agement of its skilled vice-president.

On September 29, 1898, Mr. Ellet married Lida
Anna Lewis of Kansas City, Mo., a charming and
popular girl and the daughter of William H. and
Mary F. (Doggctl) Lewis, a well-known wholesale
shoe dealer of Kansas City. Mrs. Ellett's grand-
father, the late Rev. W. H. Lewis, of Missouri, was a
prominent minister in the Methodist Church, South.
He was the author of the History of Methodism in
Missouri, was a frequent contributor to the Chns-
tion Advocate and the founder of the Young Ladies
Seminary at Independence, Mo.; he lived to reach
the age of ninetj'-six years.

Mrs. Ellet's ancestors trace back to the Spotts-
wood family of Virginia, of which Alexander Spotts-
wood was governor in Colonial days, and to the old
Burwell stock one of whom, Lewis Burwell, was a
colonel during the Revolution. One of her ancestors,
Anna Spottswood, was the heroine in the famous
novel "The Virginian," and the "Anna" in Mrs. El-
let's name comes from her.

Mrs. Ellet is thus entitled to membership in all
the leading patriotic organizations, the Daughters of
the Revolution, Colonial Dames, and the Society of
Colonial Governors. Mrs. Ellet was born at Chilli-
cothe. Mo., but when she was seven years of age
removed with her parents to Kansas City. She was
educated at the Central Female College m Lexing-
ton, Mo., a school of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. She is a very gifted woman, generous and
beloved by all who know her. Coming as she does
from distinguished southern blood, she is an un-
swerving Democrat, and laughingly refers to their
marriage as the union of the "Blue and the Gray."

STILLMAN H. BENNER— Prominent among the
young business men of San Jose is Stillman H. Ben-
ner. His untiring energy, his indomitable will to
succeed, has been the means whereby he has gained
the respect and confidence of the community in
which he lives. He was born at Rocky Ford, Colo.,
February 13, 1890. His parents, Stillman M. and
Flora H. (Sheldon) Benner, moved to the state of
Washington when Stillman H. was but a year old,
his father being an orchardist. In 1893 his parents
removed to Campbell, Santa Clara County, Cal., and
it was here their son attended the grammar and
high schools. When but sixteen years of age, Still-
man H. started out to make his own way in the
world. His first experience at wage earning was
with the Western Union main office at San Jose.

Having determined to make a place for himself in
the music business, Mr. Benner entered the employ
of the Eilers Music Company, where he remained
for one and one-half years. The next year and a half
he spent with the Sherman Clay Music Company.
Following this, for four years, he was with the
Brown Music Company. Leaving the employ of the
latter firm, he accepted a position with Allen's Em-
porium at an advanced salary. He remained with
them until February, 1920, when he definitely de-
cided to open up a business for himself, naming his
place Benner Piano Hospital, at No. M East San
Antonio Street. He deals in new and second-hand
pianos, is an experienced piano tuner, and a piano
repairer, and .gives it his )H-rsonal supervision, and he

1094

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

is already taking his place among the live young
business men of San Jose.

On January 1, 1910, Mr. Benner was married to
^liss Mignonette K. Capien, a native of Alcron, Ohio,
tlie daughter of J. H. and Lilly ^1. Capien. Tlie fam-
ily came to California \\hen their daughter vas
eleven years old. Two children, Lester and Fay, have
been born to Mr. and Mrs. Benner. Having obtained
a thorough experience in the art business at Allen's
Emporium, Mrs. Benner has opened an art depart-
ment in connection with her husband's music busi-
ness, known as Benner's Art Shop. Mr. Benner is a
member of the W. O. W. of San Jose.

JOSE J. BERRYESSA— A family with a most in-
teresting history is that of Jose J. Berryessa, who
was born in the old Mission of San Jose on Novem-
ber 9, 1842, the son of Carlos Antonio Berryessa,
wlio had married Miss Josefa Galindo. Nicholas Ber-
ryessa, the great-grandfather of our subject, came
from Spain around Cape Horn about 1765 and settled
in Old Mexico — that is, he tried to settle there, but
found that he could not do so with advantage, on
account of the wild tribes there. He therefore pushed
north into California, and pitched his tent in the
Santa Clara Vallej'. Grandfather Berryessa was also
named Nicholas, and was born in this county and
died here. Juan Crisostomo Galindo, the maternal
grandfather, who died in 1877 at the age of 106
years, was born in Santa Clara County, the great-
.grandfather having migrated to California prior to
the founding of the Missions in this count}', when
the inhabitants were Indians and wild animals
roamed the plains and mountains. Mr. Berryessa
remembers when stock became so numerous that
they had to gather them in corrals to be killed for
the hides and tallow so as to give feed for the re-
mainder. After coming here, the Berryessas and
the Galindos acquired large portions of land, section
after section, in fact all the land that lies between
the present eastern limits of San Jose and the moun-
tains to the east, and as far north as Milpitas. In
after years, this great area was designated in a
Spanish grant; but when the Easterners came to Cali-
fornia, the Berryessas lost out through the treachery
of one of their family. Carlos Berrj'essa then bought
some of the same land, and later still about one-
quarter of a section, from the Pueblo, and there the
parents resided until they died. Don Jose is the eldest
of their family of eight children, five now living.

Mr. Berryessa was reared to farm life and stock-
raising, one result of which was that his schooling
was entirely neglected. This deficiency he partly
made good in after life. He remained at home with
his father until he was thirty-one years of age, al-
though he w-as not satisfied with the life of a farmer.
Then he engaged in other pursuits, and among them
he took up the threshing of grain; and by his industry
and economy, to,gether with his acquired business
habits, he w-as able to purchase a threshing machine,
en,gine, etc., and for many j-ears he has been actively
engaged in this line of work. He owns thirty-six
acres of the old Berryessa land, which he bought
from an uncle, devoted to the cultivation of prunes
and general farming, and in 1908 he removed from
this ranch to San Jose and retired, and now rents
his ranch. He used to raise fine Norman horses and
roadsters on these trim thirty-five acres, and with the
little ranch are interwoven cherished memories.

At Berryessa, on November 1, 1873, Mr. Berryessa
was married to Miss Helena Agnes Davis, born in
San Francisco, the daughter of Thomas and Ellen
(Herron) Davis. Her father was a native of Eng-
land, but at the time of her marriage, he resided in
Virginia City, Xev. Her mother, who died when
Mrs. Berryessa was only three years old, was of
Irish descent. Helena Agnes received her education
in the convent in Santa Clara. Eight children were
born of this union: Josephine Agnes became the wife
of Walter Schlosser, a government electrician living
in the State of Washington; they have one child,
Mildred. Mary Catherine is Mrs. J. E. Tetrault of
Porterville; Mary Elizabeth is Mrs. Martin Haley, of
lierrycssa; she is the mother of one girl, Catherine;
Frederick married Miss Lillian Williams, a San Jose
girl, and the daughter of Michael and Anna (Farrell)
Williams, who came to California in 1870 by way of
the Isthmus of Panama route, from Dubuque, Iowa;
Frederick is in the laundry business in San Jose, and
he and his wife have two children — May Edith and
James Lochr. Arthur was in the U. S. army dur-
ing the war, but now employed at Mountain View;
Walter is married to Edna Stackhouse. They live
in San Francisco and have one child, Eugenia; Neva
is living at home, and Albert is at San Jose. The
Berryessas are of especial interest, perhaps, because
they are among the few California native families to
thoroughly Americanize themselves, so ithat they
have long taken an active part in politics. Mrs. Ber-
ryessa died March 17, 1902, mourned by a large circle
of friends. Mr. Berryessa is a Republican, and under
the banners of that party has sought to do what he
could to effect civic reforms. He is a member of
Santa Clara County Pioneer Society.

ALBERT E. MORRELL.— A native son of Cali-
fornia, Albert E. Morrell was born on the Morrell
ranch on the Summit, Santa Clara County, October
8, 1874. His father, H. C. Morrell, a native of Maine,
came via Panama in 1853. His mother, Clarissa Bur-
rell, was born in Ohio. Grandfather Lyman J. Bur-
rell came to California in 1849, crossing the plains
in an ox-team train. He returned East for his family
in 1852 and brought them around Cape Horn and
located in Santa Clara County. He purchased land
in the Santa Cruz Mountains, being about the fourth
or fifth to locate on the Summit, residing there for
many years until he retired. Clarissa Burrcll came to
California when six years of age.

Mr. and Mrs. Morrell engaged in farming and im-
proved the Morrell ranch, now one of the best fruit
ranches in the district. Some years ago they retired
to San Jose and there Mrs. Morrell died in February,
1922, at the age of seventy-six years, while her hus-
band survives her aged eighty-seven years old. Their
family comprised five children: Lizzie, Mrs. H. D.
Norton, of Grants Pass, Ore.; H. C, Jr., and J. B.,
of San Jose; Minnie, Mrs. W. W. Thompson, of San
Francisco, and Albert E., who received his education
in the local school and at Los Angeles. From a youth
he learned horticulture under his father on the home
place. In 1908, with his brother J. B., he leased the
Morrell ranch until 1911, when he bought his brother's
interest and the partnership was dissolved, and he
continues to lease the 3000 acre ranch and cares for
the 150 acres of orchards on the place, devoted to

^^-^^ ^^ JfU^Q^. z^- ^^^^^^c-c^r^^^

HISTORY OF SANTA Cl.ARA COUNTY

1095

prunes, plums and pears, being eonsidered among llie
finest in the Santa Cruz Mountains,

In San Jose Mr. Morrell was united in marriage
with Edith Hammon, who h ,is horn in (,)rego)i l>ul
reared in California, this union liaxing been blessed
with three ehildren, Doroth\- C'lau'e, b'.dwin Albert
and Shirley Mildred. Mr. .Morrell is keenly inter-
ested in the eounl\" where he has spent bis entire life,
and he has beeotne a weil-intornied hortieultnrist.
Kraternall\' he is a member of San Jose Lodge No.
5J,2, L!. P. O. JUks. in whieh be is a poindar member.

JAMES W. FORWARD.— An alert and far-see-
ing dairyman who is striking into new paths in the
interest of the patronizing publie, is Tames W. I'or-
ward, whose ideal dairy raneb is e)U the Brokaw
Road, northwest of San Jose. He was born near
Spokane, Wash., on January 29, 1884, the son of J.
A. Forward, a native of Alontreal, Can., and a car-
penter and builder. He married Miss Edna Walker,
a native of Bloomfield, Cab, and a member of the
Walker family who were early pioneers at that plaee,
bein,g a daughter of Alonzo and Elizabeth (Peters)
\\"alker, J. A. Forward took up a homestead in
Washington, and later came to Sanla Rosa: but he
remained there for only a short time and then moved
back to Washington. In 1891 he came to San Jose;
and here James W, Forward attended first the gram-
mar and then, for two years, the high school long-
such a credit to the city.

When he started out for himself, James W. For-
ward W"orked for one year in the mills of the Santa
Clara ^"alley Mill & Luinber Company, and after
that he learned the carpenter's trade under the direc-
tion of his father. Later, he took up a course in
drafting and from that he passed on to architecture,
which he used in connection with contracting, in
which he engaged in for eight years. Next he went
to British Columbia and acquired a tract of land, but
after three years he returned to San Jose, where he
again engaged in contracting; but in 1914 he bought
twenty acres of land on the Brokaw Road, north-
west of San Jose, and thereon he has since built his
home. He planted the land to alfalfa and started a
dairy. He commenced in a small « ay, and at pre-
sent he has forty cows, to which he will add from
time to time. He sells all the milk direct to the con-
sumer, and under his unique method of handling the
milking, he has evolved the highest-test milk in the
vicinity of San Jose. The cows are milked with
machinery, and after passing throu.gh a pipe line,
the milk is cooled to a very low temperature and
deposited in a large tank from which it is bottled,
the milk at no time coming in contact with the per-
son handling it. The machine and pipe line arc
taken apart every da}- and washed and sterilized. Mr.
Forward has two feeding pens, each with a feeding
capacity for thirty cows; these pens face each other,
so that all the cattle can be fed from the same car-
rier. Mr. Forward has a separate milking pen where
the cows are taken to be milked, and this pen has
a capacity for thirty cows. All that is necessary to
increase the capacity of his plant is the addition of
another set of feeding pens; the one milking pen will
suffice for as many cows as he cares to handle. He
also has special cooling rooms and milk rooms.

At San Jose, on June 11, 1909, Mr. I'orward was
married to Miss Lcola L\-th, the daughter of F'rank
.'inil Prudence L\'th who came out to California from
Nebraska when she was three ye.ars old. Mr. Lyth
w.as a contracting builder. Miss L.\'lh went to the
grammar and the high school, and the San Jose
Xoi-mal; she then t.augbt school for a short time
prex'ious to being married. Two children have been
born to this union, b'ranees anil Roljert.

HENRY C. HOGG.— Among the |.rominent citi-
zens elf Santa Clara, who was well known and loved
by all. Henry C. Hogg still lives in the hearts and
memories of bis family and numerous friends. He
was born in Letcher County, Ky., J.'innary 29, 1836.
His father. Hn'am Ho.gg, was a native of Culpepper
County, \'a., and removed "with his iiarents in 1802,
wdien two years old, to Kentucky; there he married
!Miss Levina Polly, a native of Kentucky, and reared a
family of eleven children. Mrs. Hogg passed away
in 1846. Hiram Hogg afterward married Miss Polly
Roark, and they were the parents of seven children.
He passed aw"a\' in 1863 and his wife in 1884. Henry
C. Hog.g, the >-oungest living son of the first family,
made his home with his parents until he was nineteen
years of age. He was educated principally in Lee
County. \'a. At the age of twenty-one he studied
law and was admitted to the bar and practiced law in
Perry Count}- until September, 1861. He volunteered
his services in defense of the Pinion and enlisted in
Company D, Nineteenth Kentucky Infantry, as a
private. On Eebruar}- 5, 1863, he was commissioned
first lieutenant and March 10, of the same year, re-
ceived bis commission as captain. He was at Cum-
berland Gap in 1862, and in December went to \ icks-
burg with General Sherman, and remained there until
after the surrender of the city. From Vicksburg his
regiment was sent to New- Orleans, where he served
under General Banks until he was mustered out,
January 28, 1865. He then located at Booneville,
Ky., opened a law office, and also engaged in general
merchandise. Living there until 1885, when he sold
out and came to California. He had made a previous
visit to the state in 1884, and purchased a ranch near
Saratoga on the road leading from Saratoga to Moun-
tain View, consisting of some forty acres of highly
improved orchard.

The marriage of Captain Hogg occurred in Boone-
ville, Ky., April 16, 1867, and united him with Miss
Martha A. Marion, a native of Booneville, Owsley
County, Ky., a daughter of Matthew and Rebecca
(Kellev) Marion, who moved from \'irginia to Ken-
tuekv in 1850. Grandfather Marion was a cousin of
General Marion of Revolutionary fame. Her father
was a farmer at Booneville, Ky.. and they came to
California in 1888 and resided at their ranch near
Saratoga. The father died tw-enty years ago after
that the mother made her home with Mrs. Hogg, pass-
ing away 1915, at eighty-six years of age. Captain and
Mrs. Hogg were the parents of five children: Charles
H., resides in San Francisco, and is an attorney; Cora
E.. is now- Mrs. Arthur L. Johnson, and resides in
Providence, R. I.; Raymond C, is a rancher in Sara-
toga: Carry V., is the wife of H. F. Stout of Saratoga;
and Elton M., is in busmess in Honolulu. Captain
Hogg was prominent as a Republican and fraternally
was a member of the Masons and G. A. R. Finding

1096

HISTORY OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY

no Methodist Church in the district in which he lo-
cated, Mr. and Mrs. Hogg set about to estabUsh one
and were always prominent in the affairs of this or-
ganization; both were trustees and Mrs. Hogg is still
on the official board, an active member of the Eastern
Star and the Woman's Relief Corps, and superintends
the home place, taking an active part in the progres-
sive movements of the community. Captain Hogg
died February 5, 1912, a highly esteemed man, and
was buried with Masonic honors.

HERBERT WILLIAM REGNART.— A native
son of Santa Clara County, Herbert William Reg-
nart was born on Regnart Avenue, near Cupertino,
January 26, 1877, a son of William and Agnes (Gre-
gory) Regnart, natives of England, who located in
California over fifty years ago, along with his
Ijrother. After following mining for a short time
they located in Santa Clara County, where Mr. Reg-
nart became a successful orchardist. He first set out
an orchard on Regnart Avenue, which was named
for the family, and also with the aid of his son
Herbert cleared and improved an eighty acre orchard
in Regnart Gulch, ly, miles from Cupertino. His
wife died in 1881, and he was married a second time
to Margaret Watts, who was born in Scotland.

By his first marriage he had two children: Jessie,
the wife of Robert Regnart, and Herbert W.; and
by his second three children: Virginia, the wife of
John Montgomery; Douglas, and Marjorie, all of
Cupertino. William Regnart passed away in 1917,
a truly worthy upbuilder who had done his share in
contributing to the prosperity of the country.

Herliert William Regnart grew up in the environ-
ment of his birth place, obtaining a good education
in the Lincoln public school. From a lad he was
kept busy assisting his father, and from the time he
was twelve years old he made a hand in clearing
and breaking the land, getting it ready for the crops
as well as helping m setting out the vineyard and
orchards. The former died from the prevailing grape
disease and the forty acres was set out to orchard.
He owns forty acres of the eighty acres he helped
to improve and has also purchased their origmal
twenty acre orchard jjlace which his father at one
time disposed of. The two orchards arc devoted
principally to prunes, to the cultivation of which he
is Ijringing into use the most scientific methods of
care and the latest modern machinery for the cultiva-
tion of the soil. Mr. Regnart's success has not been
accomplished without expending much energy and
thought in his chosen line of work for he has applied
himself closely to his task and by incessant labor and
forceful application has accomplished his ambition.
He has had his ups and downs having sold prunes as
low as $25.00 a ton, but also as high as $250.00 a ton.
He is an enthusiastic member of the California
Prune and Apricot Growers' Association, and also
of the Fruit Growers of California, Inc.

The marriage of Mr. Regnart was celebrated in
San Jose, Alarch 7, 1908, when he was united with
Anna Mary Gagliasso, who was born in the Monlc-
bello district, Santa Clara County, a daughter of
Charles and Margherita (Lora) Gagliasso, natives
of Piedmontc, Italy, who were early settlers of
Santa Clara County, where Mr. Gagliasso was fore-
man for Dr. r^eroni in the improvement and setting

out of the Peroni vineyards, after which he pur-
chased 160 acres and improved vineyards and or-
chards on Table, Mountain, and later bought and im-
proved the Trout Farm. He died in 1911, survived
by his widow and eight children of whom Anna is the
second oldest. Mr. and Mrs. Regnart have five
children: Margaret, Hazel, Eva, Alice, and Herbert
William, Jr. Mr. Regnart gives no small degree of
credit to his accomplished wife who has assisted and
encouraged him in every way to accomplish his ambi-
tion. He is a member of the Woodman of the
World and politically is a Republican. Enterprising,
liberal and progressive, Mr. and Mrs. Regnart are
well and favorably known and much esteemed in
their community.

JAMES HANSEN.— A rancher w^hose splendid
success has been attained through his years of indus-
try, a self-made man in the true sense of the word, is
James Hansen, who is located about four miles east
of Milpitas, on the Calaveras Valley Road. He was
born in Denmark, September 23, 1865, the son of
Frederick and Maria Hansen, the eldest of thei.-
three children, the others being Mary C. and Johannes
Christian; the latter fought all through the World
War in the German Army but was never wounded;
he now lives in Schleswig-Holstein. The father
served in the Danish Army during the wars of 1864
and 1870, and he, too, came through without any
injury. Mrs. Hansen passed away in May, 1873,
when James was not yet eight years old, and after
his father's second marriage he remained at home
only seven months, starting out at the age of nine to
make his owm way in the world, and he has done
so ever since. He was confirmed in the Lutheran
Church when he was fourteen and that ended his
school days, as two weeks later, on April 18, 1880,
with his few belongings packed in a bundle, he bade
good-bye to his grandmother, Maria C. (Ferdinand)
Hansen, who had shown him many kindnesses, and
started on his voyage across the Atlantic. Landing at
Castle Garden, New York, after a two weeks' voyage,
two days later he started for California, reaching
San Francisco on May 18, 1880, just a month after
leaving his home. Here he was met by his uncle,
Ivawrence Martin Hansen, who had generously sent
him the money to make the trip,